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Vily-Petit J, Soty-Roca M, Silva M, Micoud M, Evrard F, Bron C, Raffin M, Beiroa D, Nogueiras R, Roussel D, Gautier-Stein A, Rajas F, Cota D, Mithieux G. Antiobesity effects of intestinal gluconeogenesis are mediated by the brown adipose tissue sympathetic nervous system. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:710-722. [PMID: 38311801 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN), via the initiation of a gut-brain nervous circuit, accounts for the metabolic benefits linked to dietary proteins or fermentable fiber in rodents and has been positively correlated with the rapid amelioration of body weight after gastric bypass surgery in humans with obesity. In particular, the activation of IGN moderates the development of hepatic steatosis accompanying obesity. In this study, we investigated the specific effects of IGN on adipose tissue metabolism, independent of its induction by nutritional manipulation. METHODS We used two transgenic mouse models of suppression or overexpression of G6pc1, the catalytic subunit of glucose-6 phosphatase, which is the key enzyme of endogenous glucose production specifically in the intestine. RESULTS Under a hypercaloric diet, mice overexpressing IGN showed lower adiposity and higher thermogenic capacities than wild-type mice, featuring marked browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and prevention of the whitening of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Sympathetic denervation restricted to BAT caused the loss of the antiobesity effects associated with IGN. Conversely, IGN-deficient mice exhibited an increase in adiposity under a standard diet, which was associated with decreased expression of markers of thermogenesis in both BAT and WAT. CONCLUSIONS IGN is sufficient to activate the sympathetic nervous system and prevent the expansion and the metabolic alterations of BAT and WAT metabolism under a high-calorie diet, thereby preventing the development of obesity. These data increase knowledge of the mechanisms of weight reduction in gastric bypass surgery and pave the way for new approaches to prevent or cure obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Vily-Petit
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Soty-Roca
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manon Micoud
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Félicie Evrard
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clara Bron
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Raffin
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Singular Research Center in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Health Research Institute Sanitaria, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Singular Research Center in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Health Research Institute Sanitaria, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Damien Roussel
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Scientific Research National Center, UMR 5023-LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- Bordeaux University, INSERM, Magendie Neurocenter, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institute of Health and Medical Research, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon University 1, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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Corporeau C, Le Foll C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Le Stunff H, Mithieux G, Magnan C, Delarue J. Fish oil minimises feed intake and improves insulin sensitivity in Zucker fa/fa rats. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:749-761. [PMID: 37877265 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) prevent, in rodents, insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and/or fructose diet but not IR induced by glucocorticoids. In humans, contrasting effects have also been reported. We investigated their effects on insulin sensitivity, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain in genetically insulin resistant male obese (fa/fa) Zucker (ZO) rats during the development of obesity. ZO rats were fed a diet supplemented with 7 % fish oil (FO) + 1 % corn oil (CO) (wt/wt) (ZOFO), while the control group was fed a diet containing 8 % fat from CO (wt/wt) (ZOCO). Male lean Zucker (ZL) rats fed either FO (ZLFO) or CO (ZLCO) diet were used as controls. FO was a marine-derived TAG oil containing EPA 90 mg/g + DHA 430 mg/g. During an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance remained unaltered by FO while insulin response was reduced in ZOFO only. Liver insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp + 2 deoxyglucose) was improved in ZOFO rats, linked to changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression, activity and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. FI in response to intra-carotid insulin/glucose infusion was decreased similarly in ZOFO and ZOCO. Hypothalamic ceramides levels were lower in ZOFO than in ZOCO. Our study demonstrates that LC n-3 PUFA can minimise weight gain, possibly by alleviating hypothalamic lipotoxicity, and liver IR in genetically obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Corporeau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Ifremer, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
- Present address: Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS UMR 9197, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Inserm, U855, Lyon, F-69008, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, ER7479 SPURBO, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine University of Brest, Plouzane, France
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Gautier-Stein A, Vily-Petit J, Rajas F, Mithieux G. Intestinal gluconeogenesis: A translator of nutritional information needed for glycemic and emotional balance. Biochimie 2023:S0300-9084(23)00313-9. [PMID: 38040189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
At the interface between the outside world and the self, the intestine is the first organ receiving nutritional information. One intestinal function, gluconeogenesis, is activated by various nutrients, particularly diets enriched in fiber or protein, and thus results in glucose production in the portal vein in the post-absorptive period. The detection of portal glucose induces a nervous signal controlling the activity of the central nuclei involved in the regulation of metabolism and emotional behavior. Induction of intestinal gluconeogenesis is necessary for the beneficial effects of fiber or protein-enriched diets on metabolism and emotional behavior. Through its ability to translate nutritional information from the diet to the brain's regulatory centers, intestinal gluconeogenesis plays an essential role in maintaining physiological balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, NUDICE, UMR_S 1213, Villeurbanne, 69100, France; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, NUDICE, UMR_S 1213, Lyon, 69372, France.
| | - Justine Vily-Petit
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, NUDICE, UMR_S 1213, Villeurbanne, 69100, France; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, NUDICE, UMR_S 1213, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, NUDICE, UMR_S 1213, Villeurbanne, 69100, France; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, NUDICE, UMR_S 1213, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, NUDICE, UMR_S 1213, Villeurbanne, 69100, France; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, NUDICE, UMR_S 1213, Lyon, 69372, France
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Vily-Petit J, Soty M, Silva M, Micoud M, Bron C, Guérin-Deremaux L, Mithieux G. Improvement of energy metabolism associated with NUTRIOSE® soluble fiber, a dietary ingredient exhibiting prebiotic properties, requires intestinal gluconeogenesis. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112723. [PMID: 37087279 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
While the prevalence of obesity progresses worldwide, the consumption of sugars and dietary fiber increases and decreases, respectively. In this context, NUTRIOSE® soluble fiber is a plant-based food ingredient with beneficial effects in Humans. Here, we studied in mice the mechanisms involved, particularly the involvement of intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN), the essential function in the beneficial effects of dietary fibers. To determine whether NUTRIOSE® exerts its beneficial effects via the activation of IGN, we studied the effects of dietary NUTRIOSE® on the development of obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which IGN is able to prevent. To assert the role of IGN in the observed effects, we studied wild-type (WT) and IGN-deficient mice. In line with our hypothesis, NUTRIOSE® exerts metabolic benefits in WT mice, but not in IGN-deficient mice. Indeed, WT mice are protected from body weight gain and NAFLD induced by a high calorie diet. In addition, our data suggests that NUTRIOSE® may improve energy balance by activating a browning process in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. While the gut microbiota composition changes with NUTRIOSE®, this is not sufficient in itself to account for the benefits observed. On the contrary, IGN is obligatory in the NUTRIOSE® benefits, since no benefit take place in absence of IGN. In conclusion, IGN plays a crucial and essential role in the set-up of the beneficial effects of NUTRIOSE®, highlighting the interest of the supplementation of food with healthy ingredients in the context of the current obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Vily-Petit
- Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Soty
- Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manon Micoud
- Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clara Bron
- Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Rutten MGS, Lei Y, Hoogerland JH, Bloks VW, Yang H, Bos T, Krishnamurthy KA, Bleeker A, Koster MH, Thomas RE, Wolters JC, van den Bos H, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Mardinoglu A, Spierings DCJ, de Bruin A, van de Sluis B, Oosterveer MH. Normalization of hepatic ChREBP activity does not protect against liver disease progression in a mouse model for Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:5. [PMID: 37085901 PMCID: PMC10122297 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD Ia) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a defect in glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC1) activity, which induces severe hepatomegaly and increases the risk for liver cancer. Hepatic GSD Ia is characterized by constitutive activation of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein (ChREBP), a glucose-sensitive transcription factor. Previously, we showed that ChREBP activation limits non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in hepatic GSD Ia. As ChREBP has been proposed as a pro-oncogenic molecular switch that supports tumour progression, we hypothesized that ChREBP normalization protects against liver disease progression in hepatic GSD Ia. METHODS Hepatocyte-specific G6pc knockout (L-G6pc-/-) mice were treated with AAV-shChREBP to normalize hepatic ChREBP activity. RESULTS Hepatic ChREBP normalization in GSD Ia mice induced dysplastic liver growth, massively increased hepatocyte size, and was associated with increased hepatic inflammation. Furthermore, nuclear levels of the oncoprotein Yes Associated Protein (YAP) were increased and its transcriptional targets were induced in ChREBP-normalized GSD Ia mice. Hepatic ChREBP normalization furthermore induced DNA damage and mitotic activity in GSD Ia mice, while gene signatures of chromosomal instability, the cytosolic DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway, senescence, and hepatocyte dedifferentiation emerged. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings indicate that ChREBP activity limits hepatomegaly while decelerating liver disease progression and protecting against chromosomal instability in hepatic GSD Ia. These results disqualify ChREBP as a therapeutic target for treatment of liver disease in GSD Ia. In addition, they underline the importance of establishing the context-specific roles of hepatic ChREBP to define its therapeutic potential to prevent or treat advanced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn G S Rutten
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne H Hoogerland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hong Yang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Trijnie Bos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kishore A Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aycha Bleeker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel E Thomas
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilda van den Bos
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Gautier-Stein A, Chilloux J, Soty M, Thorens B, Place C, Zitoun C, Duchampt A, Da Costa L, Rajas F, Lamaze C, Mithieux G. A caveolin-1 dependent glucose-6-phosphatase trafficking contributes to hepatic glucose production. Mol Metab 2023; 70:101700. [PMID: 36870604 PMCID: PMC10023957 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deregulation of hepatic glucose production is a key driver in the pathogenesis of diabetes, but its short-term regulation is incompletely deciphered. According to textbooks, glucose is produced in the endoplasmic reticulum by glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and then exported in the blood by the glucose transporter GLUT2. However, in the absence of GLUT2, glucose can be produced by a cholesterol-dependent vesicular pathway, which remains to be deciphered. Interestingly, a similar mechanism relying on vesicle trafficking controls short-term G6Pase activity. We thus investigated whether Caveolin-1 (Cav1), a master regulator of cholesterol trafficking, might be the mechanistic link between glucose production by G6Pase in the ER and glucose export through a vesicular pathway. METHODS Glucose production from fasted mice lacking Cav1, GLUT2 or both proteins was measured in vitro in primary culture of hepatocytes and in vivo by pyruvate tolerance tests. The cellular localization of Cav1 and the catalytic unit of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC1) were studied by western blotting from purified membranes, immunofluorescence on primary hepatocytes and fixed liver sections and by in vivo imaging of chimeric constructs overexpressed in cell lines. G6PC1 trafficking to the plasma membrane was inhibited by a broad inhibitor of vesicular pathways or by an anchoring system retaining G6PC1 specifically to the ER membrane. RESULTS Hepatocyte glucose production is reduced at the step catalyzed by G6Pase in the absence of Cav1. In the absence of both GLUT2 and Cav1, gluconeogenesis is nearly abolished, indicating that these pathways can be considered as the two major pathways of de novo glucose production. Mechanistically, Cav1 colocalizes but does not interact with G6PC1 and controls its localization in the Golgi complex and at the plasma membrane. The localization of G6PC1 at the plasma membrane is correlated to glucose production. Accordingly, retaining G6PC1 in the ER reduces glucose production by hepatic cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data evidence a pathway of glucose production that relies on Cav1-dependent trafficking of G6PC1 to the plasma membrane. This reveals a new cellular regulation of G6Pase activity that contributes to hepatic glucose production and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, F-69374, Lyon, France.
| | - Julien Chilloux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, F-69374, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Soty
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, F-69374, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Place
- Laboratoire de Physique (UMR CNRS 5672), ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69364, Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Carine Zitoun
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, F-69374, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Duchampt
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, F-69374, Lyon, France
| | - Lorine Da Costa
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, F-69374, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, F-69374, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, F-69374, Lyon, France
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Mithieux G. Transcription factor p63, a member of the p53 family of tumour suppressors, regulates hepatic glucose metabolism. Gut 2023; 72:415-416. [PMID: 35705366 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1213, University Lyon 1 Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
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8
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Velmurugan G, Ramprasath T, Mithieux G. Editorial: Human microbiota: A key player in the etiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1081722. [PMID: 36545019 PMCID: PMC9762179 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Velmurugan
- Chemomicrobiomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, KMCH Research Foundation, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India,*Correspondence: Ganesan Velmurugan
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States,Tharmarajan Ramprasath ;
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France,Gilles Mithieux
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Joly-Amado A, Soty M, Philippe E, Lacombe A, Castel J, Pillot B, Vily-Petit J, Zitoun C, Mithieux G, Magnan C. Portal Glucose Infusion, Afferent Nerve Fibers, and Glucose and Insulin Tolerance of Insulin-Resistant Rats. J Nutr 2022; 152:1862-1871. [PMID: 35511216 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of hepatoportal glucose sensors is poorly understood in the context of insulin resistance. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effects of glucose infusion in the portal vein on insulin tolerance in 2 rat models of insulin resistance, and the role of capsaicin sensitive nerves in this signal. METHODS Male Wistar rats, 8 weeks old, weighing 250-275 g, were used. Insulin and glucose tolerance were assessed following a 4-hour infusion of either glucose or saline through catheterization in the portal vein in 3 paradigms. In experiment 1, for diet-induced insulin resistance, rats were fed either a control diet (energy content: proteins = 22.5%, carbohydrates = 64.1%, and lipids = 13.4%) or a high-fat diet (energy content: proteins = 15.3%, carbohydrates = 40.3%, and lipids =44.4%) for 4 months. In experiment 2, for centrally induced peripheral insulin resistance, catheters were inserted in the carotid artery to deliver either an emulsion of triglycerides [intralipid (IL)] or saline towards the brain for 24 hours. In experiment 3, for testing the role of capsaicin-sensitive nerves, experiment 2 was repeated following a periportal treatment with capsaicin or vehicle. RESULTS In experiment 1, when compared to rats fed the control diet, rats fed the high-fat diet exhibited decreased insulin and glucose tolerance (P ≤ 0.05) that was restored with a glucose infusion in the portal vein (P ≤ 0.05). In experiment 2, infusion of a triglyceride emulsion towards the brain (IL rats) decreased insulin and glucose tolerance and increased hepatic endogenous production when compared to saline-infused rats (P ≤ 0.05). Glucose infusion in the portal vein in IL rats restored insulin and glucose tolerance, as well as hepatic glucose production, to controls levels (P ≤ 0.05). In experiment 3, portal infusion of glucose did not increase insulin tolerance in IL rats that received a periportal pretreatment with capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS Stimulation of hepatoportal glucose sensors increases insulin tolerance in rat models of insulin resistance and requires the presence of capsaicin-sensitive nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Joly-Amado
- Université de Paris, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit, UMR (Unite Mixte de Recherche) 8251, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Paris, France
| | - Maud Soty
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Erwann Philippe
- Université de Paris, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit, UMR (Unite Mixte de Recherche) 8251, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Paris, France
| | - Amelie Lacombe
- Université de Paris, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit, UMR (Unite Mixte de Recherche) 8251, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Paris, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université de Paris, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit, UMR (Unite Mixte de Recherche) 8251, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Paris, France
| | - Bruno Pillot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Justine Vily-Petit
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carine Zitoun
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université de Paris, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit, UMR (Unite Mixte de Recherche) 8251, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Paris, France
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10
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Ramos S, Ademolue TW, Jentho E, Wu Q, Guerra J, Martins R, Pires G, Weis S, Carlos AR, Mahú I, Seixas E, Duarte D, Rajas F, Cardoso S, Sousa AGG, Lilue J, Paixão T, Mithieux G, Nogueira F, Soares MP. A hypometabolic defense strategy against malaria. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1183-1200.e12. [PMID: 35841892 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is a clinical hallmark of severe malaria, the often-lethal outcome of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Here, we report that malaria-associated hypoglycemia emerges from a non-canonical resistance mechanism, whereby the infected host reduces glycemia to starve Plasmodium. This hypometabolic response is elicited by labile heme, a byproduct of hemolysis that induces illness-induced anorexia and represses hepatic glucose production. While transient repression of hepatic glucose production prevents unfettered immune-mediated inflammation, organ damage, and anemia, when sustained over time it leads to hypoglycemia, compromising host energy expenditure and adaptive thermoregulation. The latter arrests the development of asexual stages of Plasmodium via a mechanism associated with parasite mitochondrial dysfunction. In response, Plasmodium activates a transcriptional program associated with the reduction of virulence and sexual differentiation toward the generation of transmissible gametocytes. In conclusion, malaria-associated hypoglycemia represents a trade-off of a hypometabolic-based defense strategy that balances parasite virulence versus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ramos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Elisa Jentho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Qian Wu
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joel Guerra
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Rui Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gil Pires
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany; Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Inês Mahú
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elsa Seixas
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Denise Duarte
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Tiago Paixão
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Fátima Nogueira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Mithieux G. [Intestinal gluconeogenesis: an insulin-mimetic function]. Biol Aujourdhui 2022; 216:37-39. [PMID: 35876519 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2022003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) is a regulatory function of energy homeostasis. IGN-produced glucose is sensed by the gastrointestinal nervous system and sends a signal to regions of the brain regulating food intake and glucose control. IGN is activated by dietary protein and dietary fibre, and by gastric bypass surgery of obesity. Glutamine, propionate and succinate are the main substrates used for glucose production by IGN. Activation of IGN accounts for the well-known satiety effect of protein-enriched diets and the anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects associated with fibre feeding and gastric bypass surgery. Genetic activation of IGN in mice shows the same beneficial effects, independently of any nutritional manipulation, including a marked prevention of hepatic steatosis under hypercaloric feeding. The activation of IGN could thus be the basis for new approaches to prevent or correct metabolic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Mithieux
- UMR-S Inserm 1213-UCB Lyon 1 « Nutrition, Diabète et Cerveau », Faculté Laennec-Lyon-Est, Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon cedex 8, France
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12
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Mithieux G. The gut microbiota: stable bioreactor of variable composition? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:443-446. [PMID: 35584972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host health, providing energy and vitamins from food undigested by the gut enzymes of the host. Bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are essentially metabolized by the gut mucosa. The importance to metabolic health of gut microbiota composition versus function is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1213 'Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain', Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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13
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La Rose AM, Groenen AG, Halmos B, Bazioti V, Rutten MG, Krishnamurthy KA, Koster MH, Kloosterhuis NJ, Smit M, Havinga R, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Kuipers F, Oosterveer MH, Westerterp M. Increased atherosclerosis in a mouse model of glycogen storage disease type 1a. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100872. [PMID: 35782606 PMCID: PMC9248218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD Ia) is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism. Despite severe hyperlipidemia, GSD Ia patients show limited atherogenesis compared to age-and-gender matched controls. Employing a GSD Ia mouse model that resembles the severe hyperlipidemia in patients, we here found increased atherogenesis in GSD Ia. These data provide a rationale for investigating atherogenesis in GSD Ia in a larger patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M. La Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk G. Groenen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Benedek Halmos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Venetia Bazioti
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn G.S. Rutten
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kishore A. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H. Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, ERIBA Building 3226 room 04.14, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Rabiller L, Robert V, Arlat A, Labit E, Ousset M, Salon M, Coste A, Da Costa-Fernandes L, Monsarrat P, Ségui B, André M, Guissard C, Renoud ML, Silva M, Mithieux G, Raymond-Letron I, Pénicaud L, Lorsignol A, Casteilla L, Dromard Berthézène C, Cousin B. Rôle spécifique des macrophages dérivés de l’hématopoïèse endogène du tissu adipeux dans le contrôle de sa plasticité. NUTR CLIN METAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2021.12.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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La Rose AM, Bazioti V, Hoogerland JA, Svendsen AF, Groenen AG, van Faassen M, Rutten MGS, Kloosterhuis NJ, Dethmers-Ausema B, Nijland JH, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Kuipers F, Lukens MV, Soehnlein O, Oosterveer MH, Westerterp M. Hepatocyte-specific glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency disturbs platelet aggregation and decreases blood monocytes upon fasting-induced hypoglycemia. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101265. [PMID: 34091064 PMCID: PMC8243524 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD Ia) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC1) gene. When untreated, GSD Ia leads to severe fasting-induced hypoglycemia. Although current intensive dietary management aims to prevent hypoglycemia, patients still experience hypoglycemic events. Poor glycemic control in GSD Ia is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma, and also with an increased bleeding tendency of unknown origin. METHODS To evaluate the effect of glycemic control on leukocyte levels and coagulation in GSD Ia, we employed hepatocyte-specific G6pc1 deficient (L-G6pc-/-) mice under fed or fasted conditions, to match good or poor glycemic control in GSD Ia, respectively. RESULTS We found that fasting-induced hypoglycemia in L-G6pc-/- mice decreased blood leukocytes, specifically proinflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes, compared to controls. Refeeding reversed this decrease. The decrease in Ly6Chi monocytes was accompanied by an increase in plasma corticosterone levels and was prevented by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone. Further, fasting-induced hypoglycemia in L-G6pc-/- mice prolonged bleeding time in the tail vein bleeding assay, with reversal by refeeding. This could not be explained by changes in coagulation factors V, VII, or VIII, or von Willebrand factor. While the prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time as well as total platelet counts were not affected by fasting-induced hypoglycemia in L-G6pc-/- mice, ADP-induced platelet aggregation was disturbed. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal a relationship between fasting-induced hypoglycemia, decreased blood monocytes, and disturbed platelet aggregation in L-G6pc-/- mice. While disturbed platelet aggregation likely accounts for the bleeding phenotype in GSD Ia, elevated plasma corticosterone decreases the levels of proinflammatory monocytes. These studies highlight the necessity of maintaining good glycemic control in GSD Ia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M La Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Venetia Bazioti
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne A Hoogerland
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur F Svendsen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk G Groenen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn G S Rutten
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bertien Dethmers-Ausema
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Hendrik Nijland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michaël V Lukens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZBME), University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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16
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Rabiller L, Labit E, Guissard C, Gilardi S, Guiard BP, Moulédous L, Silva M, Mithieux G, Pénicaud L, Lorsignol A, Casteilla L, Dromard C. Pain sensing neurons promote tissue regeneration in adult mice. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:63. [PMID: 34650070 PMCID: PMC8516997 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair after injury in adult mammals, usually results in scarring and loss of function in contrast to lower vertebrates such as the newt and zebrafish that regenerate. Understanding the regulatory processes that guide the outcome of tissue repair is therefore a concerning challenge for regenerative medicine. In multiple regenerative animal species, the nerve dependence of regeneration is well established, but the nature of the innervation required for tissue regeneration remains largely undefined. Using our model of induced adipose tissue regeneration in adult mice, we demonstrate here that nociceptive nerves promote regeneration and their removal impairs tissue regeneration. We also show that blocking the receptor for the nociceptive neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibits regeneration, whereas CGRP administration induces regeneration. These findings reveal that peptidergic nociceptive neurons are required for adult mice tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Rabiller
- RESTORE, UMR INSERM 1301/CNRS 5070/Université Paul Sabatier/EFS/ENVT, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Alan Edwards Center for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elodie Labit
- RESTORE, UMR INSERM 1301/CNRS 5070/Université Paul Sabatier/EFS/ENVT, Toulouse, France.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christophe Guissard
- RESTORE, UMR INSERM 1301/CNRS 5070/Université Paul Sabatier/EFS/ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Silveric Gilardi
- RESTORE, UMR INSERM 1301/CNRS 5070/Université Paul Sabatier/EFS/ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR-5169, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Moulédous
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR-5169, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Luc Pénicaud
- RESTORE, UMR INSERM 1301/CNRS 5070/Université Paul Sabatier/EFS/ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Lorsignol
- RESTORE, UMR INSERM 1301/CNRS 5070/Université Paul Sabatier/EFS/ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE, UMR INSERM 1301/CNRS 5070/Université Paul Sabatier/EFS/ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Dromard
- RESTORE, UMR INSERM 1301/CNRS 5070/Université Paul Sabatier/EFS/ENVT, Toulouse, France.
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17
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Monteillet L, Labrune P, Hochuli M, Do Cao J, Tortereau A, Miliano AC, Ardon-Zitoun C, Duchampt A, Silva M, Verzieux V, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Cellular and metabolic effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on glycogen storage disease type I nephropathy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:914-928. [PMID: 34617103 PMCID: PMC8947214 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I (GSDI) is an inherited disease caused by glucose-6 phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency, leading to a loss of endogenous glucose production and severe hypoglycemia. Moreover, most GSDI patients develop a chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to lipid accumulation in the kidney. Similar to diabetic CKD, activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) promotes renal fibrosis in GSDI. Here, we investigated the physiological and molecular effects of RAS blockers in GSDI patients and mice. A retrospective analysis of renal function was performed in 21 GSDI patients treated with RAS blockers. Cellular and metabolic impacts of RAS blockade were analyzed in K.G6pc−/− mice characterized by G6pc1 deletion in kidneys. GSDI patients started RAS blocker treatment at a median age of 21 years and long-term treatment reduced the progression of CKD in about 50% of patients. However, CKD progressed to kidney failure in 20% of treated patients, requiring renal transplantation. In K.G6pc−/− mice, CKD was associated with an impairment of autophagy and ER stress. RAS blockade resulted in a rescue of autophagy and decreased ER stress, concomitantly with decreased fibrosis and improved renal function, but without impact on glycogen and lipid contents. In conclusion, these data confirm the partial beneficial effect of RAS blockers in the prevention of CKD in GSDI. Mechanistically, we show that these effects are linked to a reduction of cell stress, without affecting metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Monteillet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Labrune
- APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Michel Hochuli
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Do Cao
- APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | | | | | - Carine Ardon-Zitoun
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Duchampt
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Verzieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
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18
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Castellanos-Jankiewicz A, Guzmán-Quevedo O, Fénelon VS, Zizzari P, Quarta C, Bellocchio L, Tailleux A, Charton J, Fernandois D, Henricsson M, Piveteau C, Simon V, Allard C, Quemener S, Guinot V, Hennuyer N, Perino A, Duveau A, Maitre M, Leste-Lasserre T, Clark S, Dupuy N, Cannich A, Gonzales D, Deprez B, Mithieux G, Dombrowicz D, Bäckhed F, Prevot V, Marsicano G, Staels B, Schoonjans K, Cota D. Hypothalamic bile acid-TGR5 signaling protects from obesity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1483-1492.e10. [PMID: 33887197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) improve metabolism and exert anti-obesity effects through the activation of the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) in peripheral tissues. TGR5 is also found in the brain hypothalamus, but whether hypothalamic BA signaling is implicated in body weight control and obesity pathophysiology remains unknown. Here we show that hypothalamic BA content is reduced in diet-induced obese mice. Central administration of BAs or a specific TGR5 agonist in these animals decreases body weight and fat mass by activating the sympathetic nervous system, thereby promoting negative energy balance. Conversely, genetic downregulation of hypothalamic TGR5 expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus favors the development of obesity and worsens established obesity by blunting sympathetic activity. Lastly, hypothalamic TGR5 signaling is required for the anti-obesity action of dietary BA supplementation. Together, these findings identify hypothalamic TGR5 signaling as a key mediator of a top-down neural mechanism that counteracts diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Guzmán-Quevedo
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France; Laboratory of Neuronutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, 61650 Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico; Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50732-970 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valérie S Fénelon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Zizzari
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Julie Charton
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Daniela Fernandois
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Simon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Allard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Valentine Guinot
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Duveau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marlène Maitre
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Samantha Clark
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Dupuy
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Gonzales
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- University of Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- INSERM U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, University of Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N Copenhagen, Denmark; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France.
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19
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Hoogerland JA, Peeks F, Hijmans BS, Wolters JC, Kooijman S, Bos T, Bleeker A, van Dijk TH, Wolters H, Gerding A, van Eunen K, Havinga R, Pronk ACM, Rensen PCN, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Kuipers F, Reijngoud D, Derks TGJ, Oosterveer MH. Impaired Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein catabolism links hypoglycemia to hypertriglyceridemia in Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:879-892. [PMID: 33739445 PMCID: PMC8360207 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of hypertriglyceridemia is one of the biomedical targets in Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia (GSD Ia) patients, yet it is unclear how hypoglycemia links to plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. We analyzed whole-body TG metabolism in normoglycemic (fed) and hypoglycemic (fasted) hepatocyte-specific glucose-6-phosphatase deficient (L-G6pc-/- ) mice. De novo fatty acid synthesis contributed substantially to hepatic TG accumulation in normoglycemic L-G6pc-/- mice. In hypoglycemic conditions, enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis was the main driver of liver steatosis, supported by elevated free fatty acid concentrations in GSD Ia mice and GSD Ia patients. Plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were increased in GSD Ia patients and in normoglycemic L-G6pc-/- mice, and further elevated in hypoglycemic L-G6pc-/- mice. VLDL-TG secretion rates were doubled in normo- and hypoglycemic L-G6pc-/- mice, while VLDL-TG catabolism was selectively inhibited in hypoglycemic L-G6pc-/- mice. In conclusion, fasting-induced hypoglycemia in L-G6pc-/- mice promotes adipose tissue lipolysis and arrests VLDL catabolism. This mechanism likely contributes to aggravated liver steatosis and dyslipidemia in GSD Ia patients with poor glycemic control and may explain clinical heterogeneity in hypertriglyceridemia between GSD Ia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne A. Hoogerland
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fabian Peeks
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's HospitalUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Brenda S. Hijmans
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Trijnie Bos
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Aycha Bleeker
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Theo H. van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk Wolters
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Karen van Eunen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Amanda C. M. Pronk
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213LyonFrance
- Université de LyonLyonFrance
- Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213LyonFrance
- Université de LyonLyonFrance
- Université Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk‐Jan Reijngoud
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Terry G. J. Derks
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's HospitalUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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20
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Estrada-Meza J, Videlo J, Bron C, Saint-Béat C, Silva M, Duboeuf F, Peyruchaud O, Rajas F, Mithieux G, Gautier-Stein A. Tamoxifen Treatment in the Neonatal Period Affects Glucose Homeostasis in Adult Mice in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6277101. [PMID: 33999998 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to activate the CREERT2 recombinase, allowing tissue-specific and temporal control of the somatic mutagenesis to generate transgenic mice. Studies integrating development and metabolism require a genetic modification induced by a neonatal tamoxifen administration. Here, we investigate the effects of a neonatal tamoxifen administration on energy homeostasis in adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. C57BL/6J male and female mouse pups received a single injection of tamoxifen 1 day after birth (NTT) and were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet at 6 weeks of age. We measured weight, body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance, basal metabolism, and tibia length and weight in adult mice. The neonatal tamoxifen administration exerted long-term, sex-dependent effects on energy homeostasis. NTT female mice became overweight and developed impaired glucose control in comparison to vehicle-treated littermates. NTT females exhibited 60% increased fat mass, increased food intake, decreased physical activity and energy expenditure, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, and fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, NTT male mice exhibited a modest amelioration of glucose and insulin tolerance and long-term decreased lean mass linked to decreased bone weight. These results suggest that the neonatal tamoxifen administration exerted a marked and sex-dependent influence on adult energy homeostasis and bone weight and must therefore be used with caution for the development of transgenic mouse models regarding studies on energy homeostasis and bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Estrada-Meza
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Jasmine Videlo
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Clara Bron
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Saint-Béat
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - François Duboeuf
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1033, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Peyruchaud
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1033, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
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21
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Cao J, Choi M, Guadagnin E, Soty M, Silva M, Verzieux V, Weisser E, Markel A, Zhuo J, Liang S, Yin L, Frassetto A, Graham AR, Burke K, Ketova T, Mihai C, Zalinger Z, Levy B, Besin G, Wolfrom M, Tran B, Tunkey C, Owen E, Sarkis J, Dousis A, Presnyak V, Pepin C, Zheng W, Ci L, Hard M, Miracco E, Rice L, Nguyen V, Zimmer M, Rajarajacholan U, Finn PF, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Martini PGV, Giangrande PH. mRNA therapy restores euglycemia and prevents liver tumors in murine model of glycogen storage disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3090. [PMID: 34035281 PMCID: PMC8149455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen Storage Disease 1a (GSD1a) is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase-α). G6Pase-α is critical for maintaining interprandial euglycemia. GSD1a patients exhibit life-threatening hypoglycemia and long-term liver complications including hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and carcinomas (HCCs). There is no treatment for GSD1a and the current standard-of-care for managing hypoglycemia (Glycosade®/modified cornstarch) fails to prevent HCA/HCC risk. Therapeutic modalities such as enzyme replacement therapy and gene therapy are not ideal options for patients due to challenges in drug-delivery, efficacy, and safety. To develop a new treatment for GSD1a capable of addressing both the life-threatening hypoglycemia and HCA/HCC risk, we encapsulated engineered mRNAs encoding human G6Pase-α in lipid nanoparticles. We demonstrate the efficacy and safety of our approach in a preclinical murine model that phenotypically resembles the human condition, thus presenting a potential therapy that could have a significant therapeutic impact on the treatment of GSD1a.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maud Soty
- INSERM UMR1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- INSERM UMR1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Jenny Zhuo
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shi Liang
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ling Yin
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Becca Levy
- Platform, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Erik Owen
- Platform, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joe Sarkis
- Platform, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wei Zheng
- Platform, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lei Ci
- Platform, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Rice
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vi Nguyen
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mike Zimmer
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gilles Mithieux
- INSERM UMR1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- INSERM UMR1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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22
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Soty M, Vily-Petit J, Castellanos-Jankiewicz A, Guzman-Quevedo O, Raffin M, Clark S, Silva M, Gautier-Stein A, Cota D, Mithieux G. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-Induced Phosphorylation of STAT3 in Arcuate Neurons Is a Link in the Metabolic Benefits of Portal Glucose. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:555-567. [PMID: 32516785 DOI: 10.1159/000509230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) exerts metabolic benefits in energy homeostasis via the neural sensing of portal glucose. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to determine central mechanisms involved in the effects of IGN on the control of energy homeostasis. METHODS We investigated the effects of glucose infusion into the portal vein, at a rate that mimics IGN, in conscious wild-type, leptin-deficient Ob/Ob and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-deficient mice. RESULTS We report that portal glucose infusion decreases food intake and plasma glucose and induces in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) the phosphorylation of STAT3, the classic intracellular messenger of leptin signaling. This notably takes place in POMC-expressing neurons. STAT3 phosphorylation does not require leptin, since portal glucose effects are observed in leptin-deficient Ob/Ob mice. We hypothesized that the portal glucose effects could require CGRP, a neuromediator previously suggested to suppress hunger. In line with this hypothesis, neither the metabolic benefits nor the phosphorylation of STAT3 in the ARC take place upon portal glucose infusion in CGRP-deficient mice. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of CGRP activates hypothalamic phosphorylation of STAT3 in mice, and CGRP does the same in hypothalamic cells. Finally, no metabolic benefit of dietary fibers (known to depend on the induction of IGN), takes place in CGRP-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS CGRP-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 in the ARC is part of the neural chain determining the hunger-modulating and glucose-lowering effects of IGN/portal glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Soty
- Nutrition, Diabetes, and the Brain, INSERM U1213, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Justine Vily-Petit
- Nutrition, Diabetes, and the Brain, INSERM U1213, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ashley Castellanos-Jankiewicz
- Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Omar Guzman-Quevedo
- Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Margaux Raffin
- Nutrition, Diabetes, and the Brain, INSERM U1213, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samantha Clark
- Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Silva
- Nutrition, Diabetes, and the Brain, INSERM U1213, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Nutrition, Diabetes, and the Brain, INSERM U1213, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Nutrition, Diabetes, and the Brain, INSERM U1213, Lyon, France,
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France,
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France,
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23
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Sinet F, Soty M, Zemdegs J, Guiard B, Estrada J, Malleret G, Silva M, Mithieux G, Gautier-Stein A. Dietary Fibers and Proteins Modulate Behavior via the Activation of Intestinal Gluconeogenesis. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:1249-1265. [PMID: 33429400 DOI: 10.1159/000514289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have suggested that diet, especially the one enriched in microbiota-fermented fibers or fat, regulates behavior. The underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. We previously reported that certain macronutrients (fermentable fiber and protein) regulate energy homeostasis via the activation of intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN), which generates a neural signal to the brain. We hypothesized that these nutriments might control behavior using the same gut-brain circuit. METHODS Wild-type and IGN-deficient mice were fed chow or diets enriched in protein or fiber. Changes in their behavior were assessed using suited tests. Hippocampal neurogenesis, extracellular levels of serotonin, and protein expression levels were assessed by immunofluorescence, in vivo dialysis, and Western blotting, respectively. IGN was rescued by infusing glucose into the portal vein of IGN-deficient mice. RESULTS We show here that both fiber- and protein-enriched diets exert beneficial actions on anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors. These benefits do not occur in mice lacking IGN. Consistently, IGN-deficient mice display hallmarks of depressive-like disorders, including decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, basal hyperactivity, and deregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which are associated with increased expression of the precursor of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus and decreased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus. These neurobiological alterations are corrected by portal glucose infusion mimicking IGN. CONCLUSION IGN translates nutritional information, allowing the brain to finely coordinate energy metabolism and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Sinet
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Soty
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Juliane Zemdegs
- CRCA - UMR 5169 - Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Guiard
- CRCA - UMR 5169 - Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Judith Estrada
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gaël Malleret
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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24
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Vily-Petit J, Soty-Roca M, Silva M, Raffin M, Gautier-Stein A, Rajas F, Mithieux G. Intestinal gluconeogenesis prevents obesity-linked liver steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 2020; 69:2193-2202. [PMID: 32205419 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic steatosis accompanying obesity is a major health concern, since it may initiate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated complications like cirrhosis or cancer. Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) is a recently described function that contributes to the metabolic benefits of specific macronutrients as protein or soluble fibre, via the initiation of a gut-brain nervous signal triggering brain-dependent regulations of peripheral metabolism. Here, we investigate the effects of IGN on liver metabolism, independently of its induction by the aforementioned macronutrients. DESIGN To study the specific effects of IGN on hepatic metabolism, we used two transgenic mouse lines: one is knocked down for and the other overexpresses glucose-6-phosphatase, the key enzyme of endogenous glucose production, specifically in the intestine. RESULTS We report that mice with a genetic overexpression of IGN are notably protected from the development of hepatic steatosis and the initiation of NAFLD on a hypercaloric diet. The protection relates to a diminution of de novo lipogenesis and lipid import, associated with benefits at the level of inflammation and fibrosis and linked to autonomous nervous system. Conversely, mice with genetic suppression of IGN spontaneously exhibit increased hepatic triglyceride storage associated with activated lipogenesis pathway, in the context of standard starch-enriched diet. The latter is corrected by portal glucose infusion mimicking IGN. CONCLUSION We conclude that IGN per se has the capacity of preventing hepatic steatosis and its eventual evolution toward NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Vily-Petit
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Soty-Roca
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Raffin
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France.,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Lyon, France .,U1213 Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain, Université Lyon 1 Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Lyon, France
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25
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Lei Y, Hoogerland JA, Bloks VW, Bos T, Bleeker A, Wolters H, Wolters JC, Hijmans BS, van Dijk TH, Thomas R, van Weeghel M, Mithieux G, Houtkooper RH, de Bruin A, Rajas F, Kuipers F, Oosterveer MH. Hepatic Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein Activation Limits Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development in a Mouse Model for Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1a. Hepatology 2020; 72:1638-1653. [PMID: 32083759 PMCID: PMC7702155 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1a is an inborn error of metabolism caused by defective glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC) activity. Patients with GSD 1a exhibit severe hepatomegaly due to glycogen and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the liver. We have shown that the activity of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), a key regulator of glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis, is increased in GSD 1a. In the current study, we assessed the contribution of ChREBP to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development in a mouse model for hepatic GSD 1a. APPROACH AND RESULTS Liver-specific G6pc-knockout (L-G6pc-/- ) mice were treated with adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) 2 or 8 directed against short hairpin ChREBP to normalize hepatic ChREBP activity to levels observed in wild-type mice receiving AAV8-scrambled short hairpin RNA (shSCR). Hepatic ChREBP knockdown markedly increased liver weight and hepatocyte size in L-G6pc-/- mice. This was associated with hepatic accumulation of G6P, glycogen, and lipids, whereas the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic genes was reduced. Enzyme activities, flux measurements, hepatic metabolite analysis and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG secretion assays revealed that hepatic ChREBP knockdown reduced downstream glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis but also strongly suppressed hepatic VLDL lipidation, hence promoting the storage of "old fat." Interestingly, enhanced VLDL-TG secretion in shSCR-treated L-G6pc-/- mice associated with a ChREBP-dependent induction of the VLDL lipidation proteins microsomal TG transfer protein and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), the latter being confirmed by ChIP-qPCR. CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of hepatic ChREBP induction in GSD 1a liver aggravates hepatomegaly because of further accumulation of glycogen and lipids as a result of reduced glycolysis and suppressed VLDL-TG secretion. TM6SF2, critical for VLDL formation, was identified as a ChREBP target in mouse liver. Altogether, our data show that enhanced ChREBP activity limits NAFLD development in GSD 1a by balancing hepatic TG production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Joanne A. Hoogerland
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Trijnie Bos
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Aycha Bleeker
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Henk Wolters
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Brenda S. Hijmans
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Theo H. van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Dutch Molecular Pathology CenterFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesAmsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands,Core Facility of MetabolomicsAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1213LyonFrance,University of LyonLyonFrance,University of Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesAmsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Dutch Molecular Pathology CenterFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1213LyonFrance,University of LyonLyonFrance,University of Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
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26
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Rajas F, Dentin R, Cannella Miliano A, Silva M, Raffin M, Levavasseur F, Gautier-Stein A, Postic C, Mithieux G. The absence of hepatic glucose-6 phosphatase/ChREBP couple is incompatible with survival in mice. Mol Metab 2020; 43:101108. [PMID: 33137488 PMCID: PMC7691719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Glucose production in the blood requires the expression of glucose-6 phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme that allows glucose-6 phosphate (G6P) hydrolysis into free glucose and inorganic phosphate. We previously reported that the hepatic suppression of G6Pase leads to G6P accumulation and to metabolic reprogramming in hepatocytes from liver G6Pase-deficient mice (L.G6pc−/−). Interestingly, the activity of the transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), central for de novo lipid synthesis, is markedly activated in L.G6pc−/− mice, which consequently rapidly develop NAFLD-like pathology. In the current work, we assessed whether a selective deletion of ChREBP could prevent hepatic lipid accumulation and NAFLD initiation in L.G6pc−/− mice. Methods We generated liver-specific ChREBP (L.Chrebp−/−)- and/or G6Pase (L.G6pc−/−)-deficient mice using a Cre-lox strategy in B6.SACreERT2 mice. Mice were fed a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet for 10 days. Markers of hepatic metabolism and cellular stress were analysed in the liver of control, L. G6pc−/−, L. Chrebp−/− and double knockout (i.e., L.G6pc−/−.Chrebp−/−) mice. Results We observed that there was a dramatic decrease in lipid accumulation in the liver of L.G6pc−/−.Chrebp−/− mice. At the mechanistic level, elevated G6P concentrations caused by lack of G6Pase are rerouted towards glycogen synthesis. Importantly, this exacerbated glycogen accumulation, leading to hepatic water retention and aggravated hepatomegaly. This caused animal distress and hepatocyte damage, characterised by ballooning and moderate fibrosis, paralleled with acute endoplasmic reticulum stress. Conclusions Our study reveals the crucial role of the ChREBP-G6Pase duo in the regulation of G6P-regulated pathways in the liver. Hepatic deletion of both ChREBP and glucose-6 phosphatase collapses liver lipids. Double deletion leads to excessive glycogen storage and a liver swollen with water. Hepatic deletion of both ChREBP and glucose-6 phosphatase leads to death. Glucose-6 phosphate homeostasis in hepatocytes is a vital function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Rajas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-1213, Lyon, France.
| | - Renaud Dentin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Marine Silva
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-1213, Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Raffin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-1213, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-1213, Lyon, France
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Saeed A, Hoogerland JA, Wessel H, Heegsma J, Derks TGJ, van der Veer E, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Oosterveer MH, Faber KN. Glycogen storage disease type 1a is associated with disturbed vitamin A metabolism and elevated serum retinol levels. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:264-273. [PMID: 31813960 PMCID: PMC7001719 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD Ia) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by mutations in the G6PC gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of glucose-6-phosphatase. Early symptoms include severe fasting intolerance, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly, biochemically associated with nonketotic hypoglycemia, fasting hyperlactidemia, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia. Dietary management is the cornerstone of treatment aiming at maintaining euglycemia, prevention of secondary metabolic perturbations and long-term complications, including liver (hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas), kidney and bone disease (hypovitaminosis D and osteoporosis). As impaired vitamin A homeostasis also associates with similar symptoms and is coordinated by the liver, we here analysed whether vitamin A metabolism is affected in GSD Ia patients and liver-specific G6pc−/− knock-out mice. Serum levels of retinol and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were significantly increased in both GSD Ia patients and L-G6pc−/− mice. In contrast, hepatic retinol levels were significantly reduced in L-G6pc−/− mice, while hepatic retinyl palmitate (vitamin A storage form) and RBP4 levels were not altered. Transcript and protein analyses indicate an enhanced production of retinol and reduced conversion the retinoic acids (unchanged LRAT, Pnpla2/ATGL and Pnpla3 up, Cyp26a1 down) in L-G6pc−/− mice. Aberrant expression of genes involved in vitamin A metabolism was associated with reduced basal messenger RNA levels of markers of inflammation (Cd68, Tnfα, Nos2, Il-6) and fibrosis (Col1a1, Acta2, Tgfβ, Timp1) in livers of L-G6pc−/− mice. In conclusion, GSD Ia is associated with elevated serum retinol and RBP4 levels, which may contribute to disease symptoms, including osteoporosis and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Joanne A Hoogerland
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Wessel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette Heegsma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Center for Liver Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline van der Veer
- Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008.,Universite de Lyon, Lyon F-69008, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008.,Universite de Lyon, Lyon F-69008, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne F-69622, France
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Cunnane SC, Trushina E, Morland C, Prigione A, Casadesus G, Andrews ZB, Beal MF, Bergersen LH, Brinton RD, de la Monte S, Eckert A, Harvey J, Jeggo R, Jhamandas JH, Kann O, la Cour CM, Martin WF, Mithieux G, Moreira PI, Murphy MP, Nave KA, Nuriel T, Oliet SHR, Saudou F, Mattson MP, Swerdlow RH, Millan MJ. Brain energy rescue: an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:609-633. [PMID: 32709961 PMCID: PMC7948516 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by aerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm. When glucose levels are limited, ketone bodies generated in the liver and lactate derived from exercising skeletal muscle can also become important energy substrates for the brain. In neurodegenerative disorders of ageing, brain glucose metabolism deteriorates in a progressive, region-specific and disease-specific manner - a problem that is best characterized in Alzheimer disease, where it begins presymptomatically. This Review discusses the status and prospects of therapeutic strategies for countering neurodegenerative disorders of ageing by improving, preserving or rescuing brain energetics. The approaches described include restoring oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, increasing insulin sensitivity, correcting mitochondrial dysfunction, ketone-based interventions, acting via hormones that modulate cerebral energetics, RNA therapeutics and complementary multimodal lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Cunnane
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Cecilie Morland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - M Flint Beal
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda H Bergersen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Jenni Harvey
- Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ross Jeggo
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Jack H Jhamandas
- Department of Medicine, University of Albeta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Albeta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clothide Mannoury la Cour
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - William F Martin
- Institute of Molecular Evolution, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tal Nuriel
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stéphane H R Oliet
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France.
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Blaak E, Canfora E, Theis S, Frost G, Groen A, Mithieux G, Nauta A, Scott K, Stahl B, van Harsselaar J, van Tol R, Vaughan E, Verbeke K. Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:411-455. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that short chain fatty acids (SCFA) play an important role in the maintenance of gut and metabolic health. The SCFA acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced from the microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates and appear to be key mediators of the beneficial effects elicited by the gut microbiome. Microbial SCFA production is essential for gut integrity by regulating the luminal pH, mucus production, providing fuel for epithelial cells and effects on mucosal immune function. SCFA also directly modulate host metabolic health through a range of tissue-specific mechanisms related to appetite regulation, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and immunomodulation. Therefore, an increased microbial SCFA production can be considered as a health benefit, but data are mainly based on animal studies, whereas well-controlled human studies are limited. In this review an expert group by ILSI Europe’s Prebiotics Task Force discussed the current scientific knowledge on SCFA to consider the relationship between SCFA and gut and metabolic health with a particular focus on human evidence. Overall, the available mechanistic data and limited human data on the metabolic consequences of elevated gut-derived SCFA production strongly suggest that increasing SCFA production could be a valuable strategy in the preventing gastro-intestinal dysfunction, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need for well controlled longer term human SCFA intervention studies, including measurement of SCFA fluxes and kinetics, the heterogeneity in response based on metabolic phenotype, the type of dietary fibre and fermentation site in fibre intervention studies and the control for factors that could shape the microbiome like diet, physical activity and use of medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.E. Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E.E. Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Theis
- Südzucker Group – Beneo, Wormser Str. 11, Mannheim, 67283, Germany
| | - G. Frost
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - A.K. Groen
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G. Mithieux
- INSERM U1213, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, University of Lyon, 7-11 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - A. Nauta
- FrieslandCampina, P.O. Box 1551, 3800 BN Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - K. Scott
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - B. Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - R. van Tol
- Reckitt Benckiser/Mead Johnson Nutrition, Middenkampweg 2, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E.E. Vaughan
- Sensus (Royal Cosun), Borchwerf 3, 4704 RG Roosendaal, the Netherlands
| | - K. Verbeke
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Hoogerland JA, Lei Y, Wolters JC, de Boer JF, Bos T, Bleeker A, Mulder NL, van Dijk TH, Kuivenhoven JA, Rajas F, Mithieux G, Haeusler RA, Verkade HJ, Bloks VW, Kuipers F, Oosterveer MH. Glucose-6-Phosphate Regulates Hepatic Bile Acid Synthesis in Mice. Hepatology 2019; 70:2171-2184. [PMID: 31102537 PMCID: PMC6859192 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that, besides facilitating lipid absorption, bile acids act as signaling molecules that modulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Bile acid metabolism, in turn, is controlled by several nutrient-sensitive transcription factors. Altered intrahepatic glucose signaling in type 2 diabetes associates with perturbed bile acid synthesis. We aimed to characterize the regulatory role of the primary intracellular metabolite of glucose, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), on bile acid metabolism. Hepatic gene expression patterns and bile acid composition were analyzed in mice that accumulate G6P in the liver, that is, liver-specific glucose-6-phosphatase knockout (L-G6pc-/- ) mice, and mice treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of the G6P transporter. Hepatic G6P accumulation induces sterol 12α-hydroxylase (Cyp8b1) expression, which is mediated by the major glucose-sensitive transcription factor, carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP). Activation of the G6P-ChREBP-CYP8B1 axis increases the relative abundance of cholic-acid-derived bile acids and induces physiologically relevant shifts in bile composition. The G6P-ChREBP-dependent change in bile acid hydrophobicity associates with elevated plasma campesterol/cholesterol ratio and reduced fecal neutral sterol loss, compatible with enhanced intestinal cholesterol absorption. Conclusion: We report that G6P, the primary intracellular metabolite of glucose, controls hepatic bile acid synthesis. Our work identifies hepatic G6P-ChREBP-CYP8B1 signaling as a regulatory axis in control of bile acid and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne A. Hoogerland
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands,Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Trijnie Bos
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Aycha Bleeker
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Niels L. Mulder
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Theo H. van Dijk
- Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Kuivenhoven
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213Université Claude Bernard LyonVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213Université Claude Bernard LyonVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Rebecca A. Haeusler
- Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNY
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands,Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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31
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Rajas F, Gautier-Stein A, Mithieux G. Glucose-6 Phosphate, A Central Hub for Liver Carbohydrate Metabolism. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9120282. [PMID: 31756997 PMCID: PMC6950410 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9120282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells efficiently adjust their metabolism according to the abundance of nutrients and energy. The ability to switch cellular metabolism between anabolic and catabolic processes is critical for cell growth. Glucose-6 phosphate is the first intermediate of glucose metabolism and plays a central role in the energy metabolism of the liver. It acts as a hub to metabolically connect glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, de novo lipogenesis, and the hexosamine pathway. In this review, we describe the metabolic fate of glucose-6 phosphate in a healthy liver and the metabolic reprogramming occurring in two pathologies characterized by a deregulation of glucose homeostasis, namely type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia; and glycogen storage disease type I, where patients develop severe hypoglycemia during short fasting periods. In these two conditions, dysfunction of glucose metabolism results in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which may possibly lead to the development of hepatic tumors. Moreover, we also emphasize the role of the transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), known to link glucose and lipid metabolisms. In this regard, comparing these two metabolic diseases is a fruitful approach to better understand the key role of glucose-6 phosphate in liver metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, F-69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.-S.); (G.M.)
- Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, F-69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.-S.); (G.M.)
- Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, F-69008 Lyon, France; (A.G.-S.); (G.M.)
- Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Barataud A, Vily-Petit J, Goncalves D, Zitoun C, Duchampt A, Philippe E, Gautier-Stein A, Mithieux G. Metabolic benefits of gastric bypass surgery in the mouse: The role of fecal losses. Mol Metab 2019; 31:14-23. [PMID: 31918916 PMCID: PMC6880100 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Roux-en-Y gastric surgery (RYGB) promotes a rapid and sustained weight loss and amelioration of glucose control in obese patients. A high number of molecular hypotheses were previously tested using duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) performed in various genetic models of mice with knockouts for various hormones or receptors. The data were globally negative or inconsistent. Therefore, the mechanisms remained elusive. Intestinal gluconeogenesis is a gut function that has been suggested to contribute to the metabolic benefits of RYGB in obese patients. Methods We studied the effects of DJB on body weight and glucose control in obese mice fed a high fat-high sucrose diet. Wild type mice and mice with a genetic suppression of intestinal gluconeogenesis were studied in parallel using glucose- and insulin-tolerance tests. Fecal losses, including excretion of lipids, were studied from the feces recovered in metabolic cages. Results DJB induced a dramatic decrease in body weight and improvement in glucose control (glucose- and insulin-tolerance) in obese wild type mice fed a high calorie diet, for 25 days after the surgery. The DJB-induced decrease in food intake was transient and resumed to normal in 7–8 days, suggesting that decreased food intake could not account for the benefits. Total fecal losses were about 5 times and lipid losses 7 times higher in DJB-mice than in control (sham-operated and pair-fed) mice, and could account for the weight loss of mice. The results were comparable in mice with suppression of intestinal gluconeogenesis. There was no effect of DJB on food intake, body weight or fecal loss in lean mice fed a normal chow diet. Conclusions DJB in obese mice fed a high calorie diet promotes dramatic fecal loss, which could account for the dramatic weight loss and metabolic benefits observed. This could dominate the effects of the mouse genotype/phenotype. Thus, fecal energy loss should be considered as an essential process contributing to the metabolic benefits of DJB in obese mice. Duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) promotes weight loss in mice fed a high calorie diet. DJB induces dramatic fecal energy losses in mice fed a high calorie diet. DJB has no effect in mice fed a control (starch-based) diet. There is no fecal losses in DJB-mice fed a control diet. Fecal energy loss is a cause of body weight loss in DJB-mice fed high calorie diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Barataud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Justine Vily-Petit
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Daisy Goncalves
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Carine Zitoun
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Adeline Duchampt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Erwann Philippe
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
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Jauze L, Monteillet L, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Ronzitti G. Challenges of Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Glycogen Storage Diseases Type I and Type III. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1263-1273. [PMID: 31319709 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) type I (GSDI) and type III (GSDIII), the most frequent hepatic GSDs, are due to defects in glycogen metabolism, mainly in the liver. In addition to hypoglycemia and liver pathology, renal, myeloid, or muscle complications affect GSDI and GSDIII patients. Currently, patient management is based on dietary treatment preventing severe hypoglycemia and increasing the lifespan of patients. However, most of the patients develop long-term pathologies. In the past years, gene therapy for GSDI has generated proof of concept for hepatic GSDs. This resulted in a recent clinical trial of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene replacement for GSDIa. However, the current limitations of AAV-mediated gene transfer still represent a challenge for successful gene therapy in GSDI and GSDIII. Indeed, transgene loss over time was observed in GSDI liver, possibly due to the degeneration of hepatocytes underlying the physiopathology of both GSDI and GSDIII and leading to hepatic tumor development. Moreover, multitissue targeting requires high vector doses to target nonpermissive tissues such as muscle and kidney. Interestingly, recent pharmacological interventions or dietary regimen aiming at the amelioration of the hepatocyte abnormalities before the administration of gene therapy demonstrated improved efficacy in GSDs. In this review, we describe the advances in gene therapy and the limitations to be overcome to achieve efficient and safe gene transfer in GSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Jauze
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laure Monteillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
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Abstract
The liver is an organ with many facets, including a role in energy production and metabolic balance, detoxification and extraordinary capacity of regeneration. Hepatic glucose production plays a crucial role in the maintenance of normal glucose levels in the organism i.e. between 0.7 to 1.1 g/l. The loss of this function leads to a rare genetic metabolic disease named glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI), characterized by severe hypoglycemia during short fasts. On the contrary, type 2 diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, partly due to an overproduction of glucose by the liver. Indeed, diabetes is characterized by increased uptake/production of glucose by hepatocytes, leading to the activation of de novo lipogenesis and the development of a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In GSDI, the accumulation of glucose-6 phosphate, which cannot be hydrolyzed into glucose, leads to an increase of glycogen stores and the development of hepatic steatosis. Thus, in these pathologies, hepatocytes are subjected to cellular stress mainly induced by glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. In this review, we have compared hepatic cellular stress induced in type 2 diabetes and GSDI, especially oxidative stress, autophagy deregulation, and ER-stress. In addition, both GSDI and diabetic patients are prone to the development of hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) that occur on a fatty liver in the absence of cirrhosis. These HCA can further acquire malignant traits and transform into hepatocellular carcinoma. This process of tumorigenesis highlights the importance of an optimal metabolic control in both GSDI and diabetic patients in order to prevent, or at least to restrain, tumorigenic activity during disturbed glucose metabolism pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008 France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008 France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008 France.,Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
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Rekha B, Velmurugan G, Freddy AJ, Anusha S, Ramprasath T, Karthik KV, Suresh S, Kulshrestha P, Mithieux G, Lyon AR, Selvam GS, Ramasamy S. Chronic intake of 4-Methylimidazole induces Hyperinsulinemia and Hypoglycaemia via Pancreatic Beta Cell Hyperplasia and Glucose Dyshomeostasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17037. [PMID: 30451881 PMCID: PMC6242838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caramel colours are the preferential food colouring agent globally, reaches wide age groups through eatables. Colas, a sweetened carbonated drink are most common caramel coloured beverage and its consumption is linked with diabetes, obesity, pancreatic cancer and other endocrine disorders. A major by-product produced during caramelization is 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) that is detected in noteworthy concentrations in colas and other beverages. Previous studies revealed the neurotoxic and carcinogenic potential of 4-MEI in animals at higher doses but the effect of 4-MEI at theoretical maximum daily intake dose on glucose homeostasis is unexplored. Here, mice treated with 4-MEI (32 µg/kg bodyweight/day) for seven weeks exhibited severe hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia mediated by hyperplasia of pancreatic beta cells and induces metabolic alterations. On combinatorial treatment, 4-MEI suppressed the glucogenic potential of non-artificial sweeteners and promotes lipogenesis. Furthermore, increased levels of C-peptide, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in the humans with regular intake of 4-MEI containing beverages. In summary, 4-MEI induced pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia and leads to disruption of glucose and lipid homeostasis. This study suggests the need for further assessment and reconsideration of the wide usage of 4-MEI containing caramels as food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Rekha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesan Velmurugan
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & TUE, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai-600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Allen J Freddy
- Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai-600 059, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Anusha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Karuppusamy V Karthik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugarajan Suresh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prerna Kulshrestha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, 69372, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France.,Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Govindan Sadasivam Selvam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbiah Ramasamy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Gjorgjieva M, Calderaro J, Monteillet L, Silva M, Raffin M, Brevet M, Romestaing C, Roussel D, Zucman-Rossi J, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Dietary exacerbation of metabolic stress leads to accelerated hepatic carcinogenesis in glycogen storage disease type Ia. J Hepatol 2018; 69:1074-1087. [PMID: 30193922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) is a rare genetic disease associated with glycogen accumulation in hepatocytes and steatosis. With age, most adult patients with GSDIa develop hepatocellular adenomas (HCA), which can progress to hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). In this study, we characterized metabolic reprogramming and cellular defense alterations during tumorigenesis in the liver of hepatocyte-specific G6pc deficient (L.G6pc-/-) mice, which develop all the hepatic hallmarks of GSDIa. METHODS Liver metabolism and cellular defenses were assessed at pretumoral (four months) and tumoral (nine months) stages in L.G6pc-/- mice fed a high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet. RESULTS In response to HF/HS diet, hepatocarcinogenesis was highly accelerated since 85% of L.G6pc-/- mice developed multiple hepatic tumors after nine months, with 70% classified as HCA and 30% as HCC. Tumor development was associated with high expression of malignancy markers of HCC, i.e. alpha-fetoprotein, glypican 3 and β-catenin. In addition, L.G6pc-/- livers exhibited loss of tumor suppressors. Interestingly, L.G6pc-/- steatosis exhibited a low-inflammatory state and was less pronounced than in wild-type livers. This was associated with an absence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis, while HCA/HCC showed a partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the absence of TGF-β1 increase. In HCA/HCC, glycolysis was characterized by a marked expression of PK-M2, decreased mitochondrial OXPHOS and a decrease of pyruvate entry in the mitochondria, confirming a "Warburg-like" phenotype. These metabolic alterations led to a decrease in antioxidant defenses and autophagy and chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress in L.G6pc-/- livers and tumors. Interestingly, autophagy was reactivated in HCA/HCC. CONCLUSION The metabolic remodeling in L.G6pc-/- liver generates a preneoplastic status and leads to a loss of cellular defenses and tumor suppressors that facilitates tumor development in GSDI. LAY SUMMARY Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD1a) is a rare metabolic disease characterized by hypoglycemia, steatosis, excessive glycogen accumulation and tumor development in the liver. In this study, we have observed that GSDIa livers reprogram their metabolism in a similar way to cancer cells, which facilitates tumor formation and progression, in the absence of hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, hepatic burden due to overload of glycogen and lipids in the cells leads to a decrease in cellular defenses, such as autophagy, which could further promote tumorigenesis in the case of GSDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Inserm UMR-1162, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France; Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France; APHP, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux-de-Paris, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Laure Monteillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Marine Silva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Margaux Raffin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Marie Brevet
- Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France; Service de Pathologie Lyon Est, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lyon, Lyon F-69437, France
| | - Caroline Romestaing
- Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5023, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Damien Roussel
- Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5023, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm UMR-1162, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France.
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Gjorgjieva M, Monteillet L, Calderaro J, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Polycystic kidney features of the renal pathology in glycogen storage disease type I: possible evolution to renal neoplasia. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:955-963. [PMID: 29869165 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is a rare genetic pathology characterized by glucose-6 phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency, translating in hypoglycemia during short fasts. Besides metabolic perturbations, GSDI patients develop long-term complications, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD). In GSDI patients, CKD is characterized by an accumulation of glycogen and lipids in kidneys, leading to a gradual decline in renal function. At a molecular level, the activation of the renin-angiotensin system is responsible for the development of renal fibrosis, eventually leading to renal failure. The same CKD phenotype was observed in a mouse model with a kidney-specific G6Pase deficiency (K.G6pc-/- mice). Furthermore, GSDI patients and mice develop frequently renal cysts at late stages of the nephropathy, classifying GSDI as a potential polycystic kidney disease (PKD). PKDs are genetic disorders characterized by multiple renal cyst formation, frequently caused by the loss of expression of polycystic kidney genes, such as PKD1/2 and PKHD1. Interestingly, these genes are deregulated in K.G6pc-/- kidneys, suggesting their possible role in GSDI cystogenesis. Finally, renal cysts are known to predispose to renal malignancy development. In addition, HNF1B loss is a malignancy prediction factor. Interestingly, Hnf1b expression was decreased in K.G6pc-/- kidneys. While a single case of renal cancer has been reported in a GSDI patient, a clear cell renal carcinoma was recently observed in one K.G6pc-/- mouse (out of 36 studied mice) at a later stage of the disease. This finding highlights the need to further analyze renal cyst development in GSDI patients in order to evaluate the possible associated risk of carcinogenesis, even if the risk might be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche by Inserm, U1213, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laure Monteillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche by Inserm, U1213, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Inserm UMR-1162, Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
- APHP, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux-de-Paris, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche by Inserm, U1213, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche by Inserm, U1213, 69008, Lyon, France.
- Université de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France.
- Université Lyon1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
- Inserm U1213, Université Lyon 1 Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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Monteillet L, Gjorgjieva M, Silva M, Verzieux V, Imikirene L, Duchampt A, Guillou H, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Intracellular lipids are an independent cause of liver injury and chronic kidney disease in non alcoholic fatty liver disease-like context. Mol Metab 2018; 16:100-115. [PMID: 30100243 PMCID: PMC6157648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver and kidneys is a hallmark of metabolic diseases leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, recent data have highlighted a strong correlation between NAFLD and CKD incidences. In this study, we use two mouse models of hepatic steatosis or CKD, each initiated independently of the other upon the suppression of glucose production specifically in the liver or kidneys, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of CKD in the context of NAFLD-like pathology. Methods Mice with a deletion of G6pc, encoding glucose-6 phosphatase catalytic subunit, specifically in the liver (L.G6pc−/− mice) or the kidneys (K.G6pc−/− mice), were fed with either a standard diet or a high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet during 9 months. These mice represent two original models of a rare metabolic disease named Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia (GSDIa) that is characterized by both NAFLD-like pathology and CKD. Two other groups of L.G6pc−/− and K.G6pc−/− mice were fed a standard diet for 6 months and then treated with fenofibrate for 3 months. Lipid and glucose metabolisms were characterized, and NAFLD-like and CKD damages were evaluated. Results Lipid depot exacerbation upon high-calorie diet strongly accelerated hepatic and renal pathologies induced by the G6pc-deficiency. In L.G6pc−/− mice, HF/HS diet increased liver injuries, characterized by higher levels of plasmatic transaminases and increased hepatic tumor incidence. In K.G6pc−/− mice, HF/HS diet increased urinary albumin and lipocalin 2 excretion and aggravated renal fibrosis. In both cases, the worsening of NAFLD-like injuries and CKD was independent of glycogen content. Furthermore, fenofibrate, via the activation of lipid oxidation significantly decreased the hepatic or renal lipid accumulations and prevented liver or kidney damages in L.G6pc−/− and K.G6pc−/− mice, respectively. Finally, we show that L.G6pc−/− mice and K.G6pc−/− mice developed NAFLD-like pathology and CKD independently. Conclusions This study highlights the crucial role that lipids play in the independent development of both NAFLD and CKD and demonstrates the importance of lipid-lowering treatments in various metabolic diseases featured by lipid load, from the “rare” GSDIa to the “epidemic” morbid obesity or type 2 diabetes. Exacerbating lipid accumulation aggravates liver/kidney injury in GSDI. Fenofibrate-mediated PPARα activation induces hepatic and renal lipid turnover. Increased lipid turnover prevents glycogen synthesis and accumulation. PPARα–mediated metabolic reprograming prevents hepatic and renal GSDI complications. NAFLD and CKD develop independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Monteillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Monika Gjorgjieva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Marine Silva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Vincent Verzieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Linda Imikirene
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Adeline Duchampt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To analyze the respective roles of macronutrient-derived moieties, of a gut mucosal function [intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN)] and its capacity of influencing the brain control of energy homeostasis, and of the microbiota 'function' versus 'genomic composition' in the control of host metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Small products deriving from protein digestion (peptides) or from fermentation by the gut microbiota (short-chain fatty acids and succinate) activate IGN, a mucosal function sensed by the peripheral gut nervous system, which intitiates metabolic benefits deriving from brain control of energy homeostasis. The microbiota function (fermentation) rather than its genomic composition is a key in these processes. SUMMARY Short-chain fatty acids and succinate produced from the fermentation of macronutrients by the gut microbiota positively influence the brain's control of energy homeostasis via the activation of IGN. The microbiota function rather than genomic composition is a key in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Université de Lyon, Lyon
- Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
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42
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Kaneko K, Soty M, Zitoun C, Duchampt A, Silva M, Philippe E, Gautier-Stein A, Rajas F, Mithieux G. The role of kidney in the inter-organ coordination of endogenous glucose production during fasting. Mol Metab 2018; 16:203-212. [PMID: 29960865 PMCID: PMC6157617 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The respective contributions to endogenous glucose production (EGP) of the liver, kidney and intestine vary during fasting. We previously reported that the deficiency in either hepatic or intestinal gluconeogenesis modulates the repartition of EGP via glucagon secretion (humoral factor) and gut–brain–liver axis (neural factor), respectively. Considering renal gluconeogenesis reportedly accounted for approximately 50% of EGP during fasting, we examined whether a reduction in renal gluconeogenesis could promote alterations in the repartition of EGP in this situation. Methods We studied mice whose glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) catalytic subunit (G6PC) is specifically knocked down in the kidneys (K-G6pc-/- mice) during fasting. We also examined the additional effects of intestinal G6pc deletion, renal denervation and vitamin D administration on the altered glucose metabolism in K-G6pc-/- mice. Results Compared with WT mice, K-G6pc-/- mice exhibited (1) lower glycemia, (2) enhanced intestinal but not hepatic G6Pase activity, (3) enhanced hepatic glucokinase (GK encoded by Gck) activity, (4) increased hepatic glucose-6-phosphate and (5) hepatic glycogen spared from exhaustion during fasting. Increased hepatic Gck expression in the post-absorptive state could be dependent on the enhancement of insulin signal (AKT phosphorylation) in K-G6pc-/- mice. In contrast, the increase in hepatic GK activity was not observed in mice with both kidney- and intestine-knockout (KI-G6pc-/- mice). Hepatic Gck gene expression and hepatic AKT phosphorylation were reduced in KI-G6pc-/- mice. Renal denervation by capsaicin did not induce any effect on glucose metabolism in K-G6pc-/- mice. Plasma level of 1,25 (OH)2 D3, an active form of vitamin D, was decreased in K-G6pc-/- mice. Interestingly, the administration of 1,25 (OH)2 D3 prevented the enhancement of intestinal gluconeogenesis and hepatic GK activity and blocked the accumulation of hepatic glycogen otherwise observed in K-G6pc-/- mice during fasting. Conclusions A diminution in renal gluconeogenesis that is accompanied by a decrease in blood vitamin D promotes a novel repartition of EGP among glucose producing organs during fasting, featured by increased intestinal gluconeogenesis that leads to sparing glycogen stores in the liver. Our data suggest a possible involvement of a crosstalk between the kidneys and intestine (via the vitamin D system) and the intestine and liver (via a neural gut-brain axis), which might take place in the situations of deficient renal glucose production, such as chronic kidney disease. Reduced renal G6Pase activity promotes increased hepatic glycogen during fasting. Reduced renal G6Pase activity enhances intestinal but not hepatic G6Pase activity. Reduced renal G6Pase activity results in low vitamin D level. Vitamin D injection restores metabolism in mice with reduced renal G6Pase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Kaneko
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Maud Soty
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Carine Zitoun
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Adeline Duchampt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Marine Silva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Erwann Philippe
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
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43
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Pursell N, Gierut J, Zhou W, Dills M, Diwanji R, Gjorgjieva M, Saxena U, Yang JS, Shah A, Venkat N, Storr R, Kim B, Wang W, Abrams M, Raffin M, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Dudek H, Brown BD, Lai C. Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase II with RNAi Prevents Liver Injury in Mouse Models of Glycogen Storage Diseases. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1771-1782. [PMID: 29784585 PMCID: PMC6035741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) of the liver are devastating disorders presenting with fasting hypoglycemia as well as hepatic glycogen and lipid accumulation, which could lead to long-term liver damage. Diet control is frequently utilized to manage the potentially dangerous hypoglycemia, but there is currently no effective pharmacological treatment for preventing hepatomegaly and concurrent liver metabolic abnormalities, which could lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of glycogen synthesis using an RNAi approach to silence hepatic Gys2 expression effectively prevents glycogen synthesis, glycogen accumulation, hepatomegaly, fibrosis, and nodule development in a mouse model of GSD III. Mechanistically, reduction of accumulated abnormally structured glycogen prevents proliferation of hepatocytes and activation of myofibroblasts as well as infiltration of mononuclear cells. Additionally, we show that silencing Gys2 expression reduces hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of GSD type Ia, where we hypothesize that the reduction of glycogen also reduces the production of excess glucose-6-phosphate and its subsequent diversion to lipid synthesis. Our results support therapeutic silencing of GYS2 expression to prevent glycogen and lipid accumulation, which mediate initial signals that subsequently trigger cascades of long-term liver injury in GSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Zhou
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | | | | | - Utsav Saxena
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | - Anee Shah
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | - Rachel Storr
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Boyoung Kim
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Weimin Wang
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Marc Abrams
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | | | | | - Henryk Dudek
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Bob D Brown
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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44
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de Vadder F, Mithieux G. Gut-brain signaling in energy homeostasis: the unexpected role of microbiota-derived succinate. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:R105-R108. [PMID: 29321189 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the obesity epidemic, dietary fibers that are found essentially in fruit and vegetables attract more and more attention, since they exert numerous metabolic benefits resulting in the moderation of body weight. Short-chain fatty acids, such as propionate and butyrate, produced through their fermentation by the intestinal microbiota, have long been thought to be the mediators of these benefits. In fact, propionate and butyrate were recently shown to activate intestinal gluconeogenesis, a function exerting metabolic benefits via its capacity of signaling to the brain by gastrointestinal nerves. Recently, succinate, the precursor of propionate in the bacterial metabolism, has also been shown to exert signaling properties, including the activation of intestinal gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe de Vadder
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleU1213, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France
- Université de LyonLyon, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleU1213, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France
- Université de LyonLyon, France
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45
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Abstract
A large number of genomic studies have reported associations between the gut microbiota composition and metabolic diseases such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. This led to the widespread idea that a causal relationship could exist between intestinal microbiota and metabolic diseases. At odds with this idea, some compelling studies reported that global changes in microbiota composition have no effect on the host metabolism in obese mice or humans. However, specific bacteria are able to confer host metabolic benefits, such as Akkermansia muciniphila or Prevotella copri, when they are given by gavage in obese mice. A crucial link by which gut bacteria communicate with the host mucosa is based on metabolites or low-molecular-weight compounds. Among them, short-chain fatty acids produced from the fermentation of dietary fibers initiate beneficial effects on the host metabolism via the activation of intestinal gluconeogenesis (a mucosal function exerting antidiabetic and antiobesity effects through the activation of gut-brain neural circuits). However, fermentation of short-chain fatty acids is a function that is widespread among the main bacterial phyla and thus weakly depends on microbiota composition. Therefore, even if some bacteria may confer on the host metabolic benefits, the causal role of microbiota in metabolic diseases is not established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, and Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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46
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Vidal P, Pagliarani S, Colella P, Costa Verdera H, Jauze L, Gjorgjieva M, Puzzo F, Marmier S, Collaud F, Simon Sola M, Charles S, Lucchiari S, van Wittenberghe L, Vignaud A, Gjata B, Richard I, Laforet P, Malfatti E, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Comi GP, Ronzitti G, Mingozzi F. Rescue of GSDIII Phenotype with Gene Transfer Requires Liver- and Muscle-Targeted GDE Expression. Mol Ther 2017; 26:890-901. [PMID: 29396266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of glycogen-debranching enzyme (GDE), which results in profound liver metabolism impairment and muscle weakness. To date, no cure is available for GSDIII and current treatments are mostly based on diet. Here we describe the development of a mouse model of GSDIII, which faithfully recapitulates the main features of the human condition. We used this model to develop and test novel therapies based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer. First, we showed that overexpression of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-acid glucosidase (GAA) with an AAV vector led to a decrease in liver glycogen content but failed to reverse the disease phenotype. Using dual overlapping AAV vectors expressing the GDE transgene in muscle, we showed functional rescue with no impact on glucose metabolism. Liver expression of GDE, conversely, had a direct impact on blood glucose levels. These results provide proof of concept of correction of GSDIII with AAV vectors, and they indicate that restoration of the enzyme deficiency in muscle and liver is necessary to address both the metabolic and neuromuscular manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Vidal
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 6 and INSERM U974, Paris, France
| | - Serena Pagliarani
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Colella
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; Genethon, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Helena Costa Verdera
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 6 and INSERM U974, Paris, France
| | - Louisa Jauze
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; Genethon, 91002 Evry, France
| | | | - Francesco Puzzo
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; Genethon, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Solenne Marmier
- University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 6 and INSERM U974, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Collaud
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; Genethon, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Marcelo Simon Sola
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 6 and INSERM U974, Paris, France
| | - Severine Charles
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; Genethon, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Sabrina Lucchiari
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Isabelle Richard
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; Genethon, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Pascal Laforet
- Myology Institute, Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France; Paris-Est neuromuscular center, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, 75005 Paris, France; Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, APHP, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Myology Institute, Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon 69008, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon 69008, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; Genethon, 91002 Evry, France.
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France; University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 6 and INSERM U974, Paris, France; Genethon, 91002 Evry, France.
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47
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Hijmans BS, Boss A, van Dijk TH, Soty M, Wolters H, Mutel E, Groen AK, Derks TGJ, Mithieux G, Heerschap A, Reijngoud DJ, Rajas F, Oosterveer MH. Hepatocytes contribute to residual glucose production in a mouse model for glycogen storage disease type Ia. Hepatology 2017; 66:2042-2054. [PMID: 28727166 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is a long-standing enigma how glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I patients retain a limited capacity for endogenous glucose production despite the loss of glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Insight into the source of residual endogenous glucose production is of clinical importance given the risk of sudden death in these patients, but so far contradictory mechanisms have been proposed. We investigated glucose-6-phosphatase-independent endogenous glucose production in hepatocytes isolated from a liver-specific GSD Ia mouse model (L-G6pc-/- mice) and performed real-time analysis of hepatic glucose fluxes and glycogen metabolism in L-G6pc-/- mice using state-of-the-art stable isotope methodologies. Here we show that G6pc-deficient hepatocytes are capable of producing glucose. In vivo analysis of hepatic glucose metabolism revealed that the hepatic glucokinase flux was decreased by 95% in L-G6pc-/- mice. It also showed increased glycogen phosphorylase flux in L-G6pc-/- mice, which is coupled to the release of free glucose through glycogen debranching. Although the ex vivo activities of debranching enzyme and lysosomal acid maltase, two major hepatic α-glucosidases, were unaltered in L-G6pc-/- mice, pharmacological inhibition of α-glucosidase activity almost completely abolished residual glucose production by G6pc-deficient hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that hepatocytes contribute to residual glucose production in GSD Ia. We show that α-glucosidase activity, i.e. glycogen debranching and/or lysosomal glycogen breakdown, contributes to residual glucose production by GSD Ia hepatocytes. A strong reduction in hepatic GCK flux in L-G6pc-/- mice furthermore limits the phosphorylation of free glucose synthesized by G6pc-deficient hepatocytes, allowing the release of glucose into the circulation. The almost complete abrogation of GCK flux in G6pc-deficient liver also explains the contradictory reports on residual glucose production in GSD Ia patients. (Hepatology 2017;66:2042-2054).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda S Hijmans
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Boss
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Soty
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1213.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Henk Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elodie Mutel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1213.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1213.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1213.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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48
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Weis S, Carlos AR, Moita MR, Singh S, Blankenhaus B, Cardoso S, Larsen R, Rebelo S, Schäuble S, Del Barrio L, Mithieux G, Rajas F, Lindig S, Bauer M, Soares MP. Metabolic Adaptation Establishes Disease Tolerance to Sepsis. Cell 2017. [PMID: 28622511 PMCID: PMC5480394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an often lethal syndrome resulting from maladaptive immune and metabolic responses to infection, compromising host homeostasis. Disease tolerance is a defense strategy against infection that preserves host homeostasis without exerting a direct negative impact on pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that induction of the iron-sequestering ferritin H chain (FTH) in response to polymicrobial infections is critical to establish disease tolerance to sepsis. The protective effect of FTH is exerted via a mechanism that counters iron-driven oxidative inhibition of the liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and in doing so, sustains endogenous glucose production via liver gluconeogenesis. This is required to prevent the development of hypoglycemia that otherwise compromises disease tolerance to sepsis. FTH overexpression or ferritin administration establish disease tolerance therapeutically. In conclusion, disease tolerance to sepsis relies on a crosstalk between adaptive responses controlling iron and glucose metabolism, required to maintain blood glucose within a physiologic range compatible with host survival. Ferritin is required to establish disease tolerance to sepsis Iron heme represses liver G6Pase during sepsis Ferritin counters G6Pase repression and sustains blood glucose levels after sepsis Liver gluconeogenesis is required to establish disease tolerance to sepsis
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weis
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Sumnima Singh
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Silvia Cardoso
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rasmus Larsen
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia Rebelo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sascha Schäuble
- Language and Information Engineering Laboratory, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gilles Mithieux
- INSERM U1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- INSERM U1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sandro Lindig
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
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49
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Abstract
Intestinal gluconeogenesis is a recently identified function influencing energy homeostasis. Intestinal gluconeogenesis induced by specific nutrients releases glucose, which is sensed by the nervous system surrounding the portal vein. This initiates a signal positively influencing parameters involved in glucose control and energy management controlled by the brain. This knowledge has extended our vision of the gut-brain axis, classically ascribed to gastrointestinal hormones. Our work raises several questions relating to the conditions under which intestinal gluconeogenesis proceeds and may provide its metabolic benefits. It also leads to questions on the advantage conferred by its conservation through a process of natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Soty
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon 69372, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon 69372, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon 69372, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon 69372, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne 69622, France.
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50
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Velmurugan G, Ramprasath T, Swaminathan K, Mithieux G, Rajendhran J, Dhivakar M, Parthasarathy A, Babu DDV, Thumburaj LJ, Freddy AJ, Dinakaran V, Puhari SSM, Rekha B, Christy YJ, Anusha S, Divya G, Suganya K, Meganathan B, Kalyanaraman N, Vasudevan V, Kamaraj R, Karthik M, Jeyakumar B, Abhishek A, Paul E, Pushpanathan M, Rajmohan RK, Velayutham K, Lyon AR, Ramasamy S. Gut microbial degradation of organophosphate insecticides-induces glucose intolerance via gluconeogenesis. Genome Biol 2017; 18:8. [PMID: 28115022 PMCID: PMC5260025 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphates are the most frequently and largely applied insecticide in the world due to their biodegradable nature. Gut microbes were shown to degrade organophosphates and cause intestinal dysfunction. The diabetogenic nature of organophosphates was recently reported but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. We aimed to understand the role of gut microbiota in organophosphate-induced hyperglycemia and to unravel the molecular mechanism behind this process. RESULTS Here we demonstrate a high prevalence of diabetes among people directly exposed to organophosphates in rural India (n = 3080). Correlation and linear regression analysis reveal a strong association between plasma organophosphate residues and HbA1c but no association with acetylcholine esterase was noticed. Chronic treatment of mice with organophosphate for 180 days confirms the induction of glucose intolerance with no significant change in acetylcholine esterase. Further fecal transplantation and culture transplantation experiments confirm the involvement of gut microbiota in organophosphate-induced glucose intolerance. Intestinal metatranscriptomic and host metabolomic analyses reveal that gut microbial organophosphate degradation produces short chain fatty acids like acetic acid, which induces gluconeogenesis and thereby accounts for glucose intolerance. Plasma organophosphate residues are positively correlated with fecal esterase activity and acetate level of human diabetes. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results implicate gluconeogenesis as the key mechanism behind organophosphate-induced hyperglycemia, mediated by the organophosphate-degrading potential of gut microbiota. This study reveals the gut microbiome-mediated diabetogenic nature of organophosphates and hence that the usage of these insecticides should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Velmurugan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India.
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Krishnan Swaminathan
- KMCH Research Foundation, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Mani Dhivakar
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Ayothi Parthasarathy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - D D Venkatesh Babu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Leishman John Thumburaj
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Allen J Freddy
- Deparment of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600059, India
| | - Vasudevan Dinakaran
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Shanavas Syed Mohamed Puhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Balakrishnan Rekha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Yacob Jenifer Christy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Sivakumar Anusha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Ganesan Divya
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Kannan Suganya
- Department of Microbial Technology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Boominathan Meganathan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Narayanan Kalyanaraman
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Varadaraj Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Raju Kamaraj
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Maruthan Karthik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Balakrishnan Jeyakumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Albert Abhishek
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Eldho Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Muthuirulan Pushpanathan
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, Program in Cellular Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rajamani Koushick Rajmohan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Kumaravel Velayutham
- Institute of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Alpha Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625009, India
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Subbiah Ramasamy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India.
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