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Strnadová V, Pačesová A, Charvát V, Šmotková Z, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Anorexigenic neuropeptides as anti-obesity and neuroprotective agents: exploring the neuroprotective effects of anorexigenic neuropeptides. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231385. [PMID: 38577975 PMCID: PMC11043025 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 1975, the incidence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions, and the number of patients with obesity has quadrupled. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing other serious diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent epidemiologic studies have defined obesity as a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia. Despite all these serious comorbidities associated with obesity, there is still a lack of effective antiobesity treatment. Promising candidates for the treatment of obesity are anorexigenic neuropeptides, which are peptides produced by neurons in brain areas implicated in food intake regulation, such as the hypothalamus or the brainstem. These peptides efficiently reduce food intake and body weight. Moreover, because of the proven interconnection between obesity and the risk of developing AD, the potential neuroprotective effects of these two agents in animal models of neurodegeneration have been examined. The objective of this review was to explore anorexigenic neuropeptides produced and acting within the brain, emphasizing their potential not only for the treatment of obesity but also for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Strnadová
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Charvát
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šmotková
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Xiao S, Li VL, Lyu X, Chen X, Wei W, Abbasi F, Knowles JW, Tung ASH, Deng S, Tiwari G, Shi X, Zheng S, Farrell L, Chen ZZ, Taylor KD, Guo X, Goodarzi MO, Wood AC, Chen YDI, Lange LA, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Clish CB, Tahir UA, Gerszten RE, Benson MD, Long JZ. Lac-Phe mediates the effects of metformin on food intake and body weight. Nat Metab 2024; 6:659-669. [PMID: 38499766 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely prescribed anti-diabetic medicine that also reduces body weight. There is ongoing debate about the mechanisms that mediate metformin's effects on energy balance. Here, we show that metformin is a powerful pharmacological inducer of the anorexigenic metabolite N-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe) in cells, in mice and two independent human cohorts. Metformin drives Lac-Phe biosynthesis through the inhibition of complex I, increased glycolytic flux and intracellular lactate mass action. Intestinal epithelial CNDP2+ cells, not macrophages, are the principal in vivo source of basal and metformin-inducible Lac-Phe. Genetic ablation of Lac-Phe biosynthesis in male mice renders animals resistant to the effects of metformin on food intake and body weight. Lastly, mediation analyses support a role for Lac-Phe as a downstream effector of metformin's effects on body mass index in participants of a large population-based observational cohort, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Together, these data establish Lac-Phe as a critical mediator of the body weight-lowering effects of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xudong Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fahim Abbasi
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alan Sheng-Hwa Tung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shuliang Deng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav Tiwari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie Farrell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zsu-Zsu Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Benson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Choi PP, Wang Q, Brenner LA, Li AJ, Ritter RC, Appleyard SM. Lesion of NPY Receptor-expressing Neurons in Perifornical Lateral Hypothalamus Attenuates Glucoprivic Feeding. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae021. [PMID: 38368624 PMCID: PMC11043786 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Glucoprivic feeding is one of several counterregulatory responses (CRRs) that facilitates restoration of euglycemia following acute glucose deficit (glucoprivation). Our previous work established that glucoprivic feeding requires ventrolateral medullary (VLM) catecholamine (CA) neurons that coexpress neuropeptide Y (NPY). However, the connections by which VLM CA/NPY neurons trigger increased feeding are uncertain. We have previously shown that glucoprivation, induced by an anti-glycolygic agent 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), activates perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PeFLH) neurons and that expression of NPY in the VLM CA/NPY neurons is required for glucoprivic feeding. We therefore hypothesized that glucoprivic feeding and possibly other CRRs require NPY-sensitive PeFLH neurons. To test this, we used the ribosomal toxin conjugate NPY-saporin (NPY-SAP) to selectively lesion NPY receptor-expressing neurons in the PeFLH of male rats. We found that NPY-SAP destroyed a significant number of PeFLH neurons, including those expressing orexin, but not those expressing melanin-concentrating hormone. The PeFLH NPY-SAP lesions attenuated 2DG-induced feeding but did not affect 2DG-induced increase in locomotor activity, sympathoadrenal hyperglycemia, or corticosterone release. The 2DG-induced feeding response was also significantly attenuated in NPY-SAP-treated female rats. Interestingly, PeFLH NPY-SAP lesioned male rats had reduced body weights and decreased dark cycle feeding, but this effect was not seen in female rats. We conclude that a NPY projection to the PeFLH is necessary for glucoprivic feeding, but not locomotor activity, hyperglycemia, or corticosterone release, in both male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pique P Choi
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Lynne A Brenner
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ai-Jun Li
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Robert C Ritter
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Suzanne M Appleyard
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Rakhat Y, Wang L, Han W, Rustemova A, Kulzhanova N, Yamada Y, Yabe D, Seino Y, Yada T. Oral Semaglutide under Human Protocols and Doses Regulates Food Intake, Body Weight, and Glycemia in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3765. [PMID: 37686797 PMCID: PMC10489807 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The first oral form of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, oral semaglutide, has recently been launched and potently controls glycemia and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This drug carries the absorption enhancer and requires specific protocols of administration. The mechanism of action of oral semaglutide is not fully understood, for which an appropriate experimental model is required. This study explores the metabolic effects of oral semaglutide in mice under human protocols and doses. Oral semaglutide was bolus and once daily injected into high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice under human protocols, followed by monitoring blood glucose, food intake, and body weight. Oral semaglutide 0.23 mg/kg, a comparable human dose (14 mg) in a small volume of water under human protocols rapidly decreased blood glucose and food intake and continuously reduced food intake and weight gain for 3 days in DIO mice. At 0.7 mg/kg (42 mg), this drug was somewhat more potent. Oral semaglutide with human protocols and doses rapidly reduces blood glucose and food intake and continuously suppresses feeding and weight in DIO mice. This study establishes mice as a model suitable for analyzing the mechanism of anti-obesity/diabetes actions of oral semaglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yermek Rakhat
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan; (Y.R.)
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan; (Y.R.)
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Wanxin Han
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan; (Y.R.)
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Aktolkyn Rustemova
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan; (Y.R.)
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Nazymgul Kulzhanova
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan; (Y.R.)
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan; (Y.R.)
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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5
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Wang D, Townsend LK, DesOrmeaux GJ, Frangos SM, Batchuluun B, Dumont L, Kuhre RE, Ahmadi E, Hu S, Rebalka IA, Gautam J, Jabile MJT, Pileggi CA, Rehal S, Desjardins EM, Tsakiridis EE, Lally JSV, Juracic ES, Tupling AR, Gerstein HC, Paré G, Tsakiridis T, Harper ME, Hawke TJ, Speakman JR, Blondin DP, Holloway GP, Jørgensen SB, Steinberg GR. GDF15 promotes weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure in muscle. Nature 2023; 619:143-150. [PMID: 37380764 PMCID: PMC10322716 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction that promotes weight loss is an effective strategy for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and improving insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes1. Despite its effectiveness, in most individuals, weight loss is usually not maintained partly due to physiological adaptations that suppress energy expenditure, a process known as adaptive thermogenesis, the mechanistic underpinnings of which are unclear2,3. Treatment of rodents fed a high-fat diet with recombinant growth differentiating factor 15 (GDF15) reduces obesity and improves glycaemic control through glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like (GFRAL)-dependent suppression of food intake4-7. Here we find that, in addition to suppressing appetite, GDF15 counteracts compensatory reductions in energy expenditure, eliciting greater weight loss and reductions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared to caloric restriction alone. This effect of GDF15 to maintain energy expenditure during calorie restriction requires a GFRAL-β-adrenergic-dependent signalling axis that increases fatty acid oxidation and calcium futile cycling in the skeletal muscle of mice. These data indicate that therapeutic targeting of the GDF15-GFRAL pathway may be useful for maintaining energy expenditure in skeletal muscle during caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geneviève J DesOrmeaux
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara M Frangos
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauralyne Dumont
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elham Ahmadi
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaya Gautam
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Joy Therese Jabile
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal A Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Rehal
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Sara Juracic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodoros Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics (CCEAEG), Kunming, China
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Beck Jørgensen
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
- Bio Innovation Hub Transformational Research Unit, Novo Nordisk, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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6
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Wang M, Zhang Z, Sun N, Yang B, Mo J, Wang D, Su M, Hu J, Wang M, Wang L. Gold Nanoparticles Reduce Food Sensation in Caenorhabditis elegans via the Voltage-Gated Channel EGL-19. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1659-1676. [PMID: 37020688 PMCID: PMC10069523 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s394666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The increasing use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in the medical field has raised concerns about the potential adverse effect of Au NPs exposure. However, it is difficult to assess the health risks of Au NPs exposure at the individual organ level using current measurement techniques. Methods The physical and chemical properties of Au NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and zeta sizer. The RNA-seq data of Au NPs-exposed worms were analyzed. The food intake was measured by liquid culture and Pharyngeal pumping rate. The function of the smell and taste neurons was evaluated by the chemotaxis and avoidance assay. The activation of ASE neurons was analyzed by calcium imaging. The gene expression of ins-22 and egl-19 was obtained from the C. elegans single cell RNA-seq databases. Results Our data analysis indicated that 62.8% of the significantly altered genes were functional in the nervous system. Notably, developmental stage analysis demonstrated that exposure to Au NPs interfered with animal development by regulating foraging behavior. Also, our chemotaxis results showed that exposure to Au NPs reduced the sensation of C. elegans to NaCl, which was consistent with the decrease in calcium transit of ASEL. Further studies confirmed that the reduced calcium transit was dependent on voltage-gated calcium channel EGL-19. The neuropeptide INS-22 was partially involved in Au NPs-induced NaCl sensation defect. Therefore, we proposed that Au NPs reduced the calcium transit in the ASEL neuron through egl-19-dependent calcium channels. It was partially regulated by the DAF-16 targeting neuropeptide INS-22. Discussion Our results demonstrate that Au NPs affect food sensation by reducing the calcium transit in ASEL neurons, which further leads to reduced pharynx pumping and feeding defects. The toxicology studies of Au NPs from worms have great potential to guide the usage of Au NPs in the medical field such as targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baolin Yang
- Institute of Technical Biology & Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihao Mo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Institute of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, 459001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqin Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- School of Medical Science, Huang He Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 459001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Correspondence: Lei Wang, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA, Tel +1 786-620-1400, Email
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7
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Ghidewon M, Wald H, McKnight AD, De Jonghe BC, Breen DM, Alhadeff AL, Borner T, Grill HJ. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and semaglutide inhibit food intake and body weight through largely distinct, additive mechanisms. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1010-1020. [PMID: 35129264 PMCID: PMC9796095 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate whether the potent hypophagic and weight-suppressive effects of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) and semaglutide combined would be a more efficacious antiobesity treatment than either treatment alone by examining whether the neural and behavioural mechanisms contributing to their anorectic effects were common or disparate. MATERIALS/METHODS Three mechanisms were investigated to determine how GDF15 and semaglutide induce anorexia: the potentiation of the intake suppression by gastrointestinal satiation signals; the reduction in motivation to feed; and the induction of visceral malaise. We then compared the effects of short-term, combined GDF15 and semaglutide treatment on weight loss to the individual treatments. Rat pharmaco-behavioural experiments assessed whether GDF15 or semaglutide added to the satiating effects of orally gavaged food and exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK). A progressive ratio operant paradigm was used to examine whether GDF15 or semaglutide reduced feeding motivation. Pica behaviour (ie, kaolin intake) and conditioned affective food aversion testing were used to evaluate visceral malaise. Additionally, fibre photometry studies were conducted in agouti-related protein (AgRP)-Cre mice to examine whether GDF15 or semaglutide, alone or in combination with CCK, modulate calcium signalling in hypothalamic AgRP neurons. RESULTS Semaglutide reduced food intake by amplifying the feeding-inhibitory effect of CCK or ingested food, inhibited the activity of AgRP neurons when combined with CCK, reduced feeding motivation and induced malaise. GDF15 induced visceral malaise but, strikingly, did not affect feeding motivation, the satiating effect of ingested food or CCK signal processing. Combined GDF15 and semaglutide treatment produced greater food intake and body weight suppression than did either treatment alone, without enhancing malaise. CONCLUSIONS GDF15 and semaglutide reduce food intake and body weight through largely distinct processes that produce greater weight loss and feeding suppression when combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ghidewon
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - H.S. Wald
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - A. D. McKnight
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - B. C. De Jonghe
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D. M. Breen
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - A. L. Alhadeff
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - T. Borner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - H. J. Grill
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Cavalcanti MH, Roseira JPS, Leandro EDS, Arruda SF. Effect of a freeze-dried coffee solution in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model in rats: Impact on inflammatory response, lipid profile, and gut microbiota. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262270. [PMID: 35081143 PMCID: PMC8791513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee beans contain high polyphenol content, which have the potential to modulate the intestinal microbiota, and possibly attenuate weight gain and the associated dyslipidemia. This study investigated the effect of freeze-dried coffee solution (FCS) consumption on physiological parameters, lipid profile, and microbiota of Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HF) or control diet (CT). FCS combined with a high-fat diet increased the fecal and cecal Bifidobacterium spp. population and decreased the cecal Escherichia coli population and intestinal Il1b mRNA level. Regardless of the diet type, FCS increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); however, it did not affect body weight, food intake, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, fecal bile acids, and intestinal Il6 mRNA levels. The high-fat diet increased weight gain, hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides, fecal bile acids, and the fecal and cecal Lactobacillus spp. population, and reduced food intake, the fecal E. coli population, and intestinal Il6 mRNA level. The results suggest that FCS consumption exhibits positive health effects in rats fed a high-fat diet by increasing Bifidobacterium spp. population and HDL-C reverse cholesterol transport, and by reducing Il1b mRNA level. However, FCS administration at a dose of 0.39 g/100 g diet over an eight-week period was not effective in controlling food intake, and consequently, preventing weight gain in rats of high-fat diet-induced obesity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Hermes Cavalcanti
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Eliana dos Santos Leandro
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Sandra Fernandes Arruda
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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9
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Lu JF, Zhu MQ, Xie BC, Shi XC, Liu H, Zhang RX, Xia B, Wu JW. Camptothecin effectively treats obesity in mice through GDF15 induction. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001517. [PMID: 35202387 PMCID: PMC8870521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated circulating levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) have been shown to reduce food intake and lower body weight through activation of hindbrain receptor glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) in rodents and nonhuman primates, thus endogenous induction of this peptide holds promise for obesity treatment. Here, through in silico drug-screening methods, we found that small molecule Camptothecin (CPT), a previously identified drug with potential antitumor activity, is a GDF15 inducer. Oral CPT administration increases circulating GDF15 levels in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and genetic ob/ob mice, with elevated Gdf15 expression predominantly in the liver through activation of integrated stress response. In line with GDF15's anorectic effect, CPT suppresses food intake, thereby reducing body weight, blood glucose, and hepatic fat content in obese mice. Conversely, CPT loses these beneficial effects when Gdf15 is inhibited by a neutralizing antibody or AAV8-mediated liver-specific knockdown. Similarly, CPT failed to reduce food intake and body weight in GDF15's specific receptor GFRAL-deficient mice despite high levels of GDF15. Together, these results indicate that CPT is a promising anti-obesity agent through activation of GDF15-GFRAL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao Cai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Chen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Rajaei S, Zendehdel M, Rahnema M, Hassanpour S, Asle-Rousta M. Mediatory role of the central NPY, melanocortine and corticotrophin systems on phoenixin-14 induced hyperphagia in neonatal chicken. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 315:113930. [PMID: 34673032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal research indicates the neuropeptide Y (NPY), corticotrophin and melanocortin systems have a mediatory role in reward, however, how these substances interact with phenytoin-14 (PNX-14) induced food intake in birds remains to be identified. Accordingly, in this research eight tests were carried out to investigate the potential interactions of the NPY, melanocortin, as well as corticotrophin systems with PNX-14 on food consumption in neonatal chickens. In the first experiment, chickens were intracerebroventricular (ICV) injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and PNX-14 (0.8, 0.16, and 3.2 nmol). In second experiment, PBS, the antagonist of CRF1/CRF2 receptors (astressin-B, 30 μg) and PNX-14 + astressin-B were injected. In the rest of the experiments chicken received astressin2-B (CRF2 receptor antagonist; 30 µg), SHU9119 (MCR3/MCR4 receptor antagonist, 0.5nomol), MCL0020 (MCR4 receptor agonist, 0.5 nmol), B5063 (NPY1 receptor antagonist, 1.25 μg), SF22 (NPY2 receptor antagonist, 1.25 μg) and SML0891 (NPY5 receptor antagonist, 1.25 μg) rather than astressin-B. Then, cumulative intake of food was recorded for 2 h. Based on the findings, PNX-14 (0.16 and 3.2 nmol) led to increment in food consumption compared with the control (P < 0.05). Co-administration of the PNX-14 and astressin-B promoted PNX-14-induced hyperphagia (P < 0.05). Co-injection of the PNX-14 + astressin2-B potentiated hyperphagia PNX-14 (P < 0.05). Co-injection of PNX-14 + B5063 inhibited the effects of the PNX-14 (P < 0.05). The co-administration of the PNX-14 and SML0891 potentiated hypophagic effects of the PNX-14 (P < 0.05). The results showed that PNX-14-induced hyperphagia mediates via NPY1, NPY5, and CRF1/CRF2 receptors in neonatal chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rajaei
- Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Rahnema
- Department of Physiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shahin Hassanpour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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de Lartigue G, Raybould H, Dockray G. Introduction to special issue on feeding peptides. Peptides 2022; 147:170687. [PMID: 34774722 PMCID: PMC10831925 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Helen Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - Graham Dockray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Liverpool, UK
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12
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Keringer P, Furedi N, Gaszner B, Miko A, Pakai E, Fekete K, Olah E, Kelava L, Romanovsky AA, Rumbus Z, Garami A. The hyperthermic effect of central cholecystokinin is mediated by the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E10-E23. [PMID: 34779255 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00223.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) increases core body temperature via CCK2 receptors when administered intracerebroventricularly (icv). The mechanisms of CCK-induced hyperthermia are unknown, and it is also unknown whether CCK contributes to the fever response to systemic inflammation. We studied the interaction between central CCK signaling and the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Body temperature was measured in adult male Wistar rats pretreated with intraperitoneal infusion of the nonselective COX enzyme inhibitor metamizol (120 mg/kg) or a selective COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, or etoricoxib (10 mg/kg for both) and, 30 min later, treated with intracerebroventricular CCK (1.7 µg/kg). In separate experiments, CCK-induced neuronal activation (with and without COX inhibition) was studied in thermoregulation- and feeding-related nuclei with c-Fos immunohistochemistry. CCK increased body temperature by ∼0.4°C from 10 min postinfusion, which was attenuated by metamizol. CCK reduced the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the median preoptic area (by ∼70%) but increased it in the dorsal hypothalamic area and in the rostral raphe pallidus (by ∼50% in both); all these changes were completely blocked with metamizol. In contrast, CCK-induced satiety and neuronal activation in the ventromedial hypothalamus were not influenced by metamizol. CCK-induced hyperthermia was also completely blocked with both selective COX-2 inhibitors studied. Finally, the CCK2 receptor antagonist YM022 (10 µg/kg icv) attenuated the late phases of fever induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (10 µg/kg; intravenously). We conclude that centrally administered CCK causes hyperthermia through changes in the activity of "classical" thermoeffector pathways and that the activation of COX-2 is required for the development of this response.NEW & NOTEWORTHY An association between central cholecystokinin signaling and the cyclooxygenase-prostaglandin E pathway has been proposed but remained poorly understood. We show that the hyperthermic response to the central administration of cholecystokinin alters the neuronal activity within efferent thermoeffector pathways and that these effects are fully blocked by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase. We also show that the activation of cyclooxygenase-2 is required for the hyperthermic effect of cholecystokinin and that cholecystokinin is a modulator of endotoxin-induced fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Keringer
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nora Furedi
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Miko
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Pakai
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Fekete
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emoke Olah
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Leonardo Kelava
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltan Rumbus
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras Garami
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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13
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Conlon JM, O'Harte FPM, Flatt PR. Dual-agonist incretin peptides from fish with potential for obesity-related Type 2 diabetes therapy - A review. Peptides 2022; 147:170706. [PMID: 34861327 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonist, semaglutide and the unimolecular glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR)/GLP1R dual-agonist, tirzepatide have been successfully introduced as therapeutic options for patients with Type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. Proglucagon-derived peptides from phylogenetically ancient fish act as naturally occurring dual agonists at the GLP1R and the glucagon receptor (GCGR) with lamprey GLP-1 and paddlefish glucagon being the most potent and effective in stimulating insulin release from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells. These peptides were also the most effective in lowering blood glucose and elevating plasma insulin concentrations when administered intraperitoneally to overnight-fasted mice together with a glucose load. Zebrafish GIP acts as a dual agonist at the GIPR and GLP1R receptors. Studies with the high fat-fed mouse, an animal model with obesity, impaired glucose-tolerance and insulin-resistance, have shown that twice-daily administration of the long-acting analogs [D-Ala2]palmitoyl-lamprey GLP-1 and [D-Ser2]palmitoyl-paddlefish glucagon over 21 days improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. This was associated with β-cell proliferation, protection of β-cells against apoptosis, decreased pancreatic glucagon content, improved lipid profile, reduced food intake and selective alteration in the expression of genes involved in β-cell stimulus-secretion coupling. In insulin-deficient GluCreERT2;ROSA26-eYFP transgenic mice, the peptides promoted an increase in β-cell mass with positive effects on transdifferentiation of glucagon-producing to insulin-producing cells. Naturally occurring fish dual agonist peptides, particularly lamprey GLP-1 and paddlefish glucagon, provide templates for development into therapeutic agents for obesity-related T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Finbarr P M O'Harte
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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14
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Anderson PM, Thomas SM, Sartoski S, Scott JG, Sobilo K, Bewley S, Salvador LK, Salazar-Abshire M. Strategies to Mitigate Chemotherapy and Radiation Toxicities That Affect Eating. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124397. [PMID: 34959948 PMCID: PMC8706251 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer and its therapy is commonly associated with a variety of side effects that impact eating behaviors that reduce nutritional intake. This review will outline potential causes of chemotherapy and radiation damage as well as approaches for the amelioration of the side effects of cancer during therapy. Methods: Information for clinicians, patients, and their caregivers about toxicity mitigation including nausea reduction, damage to epithelial structures such as skin and mucosa, organ toxicity, and education is reviewed. Results: How to anticipate, reduce, and prevent some toxicities encountered during chemotherapy and radiation is detailed with the goal to improve eating behaviors. Strategies for health care professionals, caregivers, and patients to consider include (a) the reduction in nausea and vomiting, (b) decreasing damage to the mucosa, (c) avoiding a catabolic state and muscle wasting (sarcopenia), and (d) developing therapeutic alliances with patients, caregivers, and oncologists. Conclusions: Although the reduction of side effects involves anticipatory guidance and proactive team effort (e.g., forward observation, electronic interactions, patient reported outcomes), toxicity reduction can be satisfying for not only the patient, but everyone involved in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Anderson
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.M.T.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +216-445-7140 or +216-308-2706
| | - Stefanie M. Thomas
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.M.T.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Shauna Sartoski
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.M.T.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Department of Nursing, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jacob G. Scott
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kaitlin Sobilo
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.M.T.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Department of Nursing, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sara Bewley
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.M.T.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Peds Nutritional Services, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Laura K. Salvador
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.K.S.); (M.S.-A.)
| | - Maritza Salazar-Abshire
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.K.S.); (M.S.-A.)
- Department of Nursing Education, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Jin C, Yi C, Zhong W, Xue Y, Chen K, Deng K, Wang Z, Wang T. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyridinylmethylenepiperidine derivatives as potent 5-HT 1F receptor agonists for migraine therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113782. [PMID: 34419891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a common neurovascular disease which has been classified as the sixth most disabling disorder. Current migraine therapy was triptans, however, riptans can cause contraction of blood vessels. Therefore, novel drugs without cardiovascular effects emerged, such as CGRP and selective 5-HT1F receptor agonists. In this work, a series of pyridinylmethylenepiperidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their 5-HT1F receptor agonist activity. The results in vitro showed that compound C1-C6 displayed potent agonist activities compared with positive drug lasmiditan. Pharmacokinetic properties in rat indicated that 2,4,6-trifluoro-N-(6-(fluoro(1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene)methyl)pyridin-2-yl)benzamide (C5) possessed high AUC and good bioavailability. In two rodent models of migraine, C5 significantly inhibited dural plasma protein extravasation and c-fos expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Moreover, C5 showed no effect on vasoconstriction. Through these studies, we identified C5 as a potent 5-HT1F receptor agonist for migraine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfei Jin
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, PR China.
| | - Chao Yi
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Wenhe Zhong
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Yaping Xue
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Kangzhi Chen
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Kang Deng
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Zusheng Wang
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, PR China
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D’Alonzo ZJ, Mamo JCL, Graneri LT, Takechi R, Lam V. The Effects of Chronic Consumption of Lipid-Rich and Delipidated Bovine Dairy Milk on Brown Adipose Tissue Volume in Wild-Type Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:4266. [PMID: 34959820 PMCID: PMC8704458 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is associated with increased energy expenditure by inducing non-shivering thermogenesis. The ingestion of a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplement and a high calorie diet are reported gateways into BAT activation. However, little is known about the effect of the MFGM and high calorie diets on BAT volume. To gain insight into this, mice were maintained on a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet in conjunction with either full-cream (FC) or skim bovine dairy milk (BDM). After being maintained on their respective diets for 13 weeks, their body composition, including BAT volume, was measured using X-ray microtomography. A high calorie diet resulted in an increase in the BAT volume and mice consuming an HF diet in conjunction with FC BDM had a significantly greater BAT volume than all the other groups. Conversely, mice consuming an HF diet in addition to skim milk had a lower BAT volume compared to the HF control. The data presented suggest that the consumption of a high calorie diet in conjunction with FC BDM increases the BAT volume in wild-type mice. This study may provide valuable insight into future studies investigating BAT volume and BAT activity in relation to environmental factors, including diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. D’Alonzo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (Z.J.D.); (J.C.L.M.); (L.T.G.); (R.T.)
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - John C. L. Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (Z.J.D.); (J.C.L.M.); (L.T.G.); (R.T.)
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Liam T. Graneri
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (Z.J.D.); (J.C.L.M.); (L.T.G.); (R.T.)
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (Z.J.D.); (J.C.L.M.); (L.T.G.); (R.T.)
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (Z.J.D.); (J.C.L.M.); (L.T.G.); (R.T.)
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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17
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Simão FCP, Rodrigues ACM, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Planarian behavioural endpoints in ecotoxicology: A case study evaluating mercury and salinity effects. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 88:103747. [PMID: 34536621 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater planarians can be useful for the evaluation of contaminant stress on behavioral endpoints. In this work, we studied the sensitivity of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina in response to two model stressors (Hg and NaCl) by evaluating mortality, feeding rate and locomotion. A simple feeding assay with G. tigrina was devised, and an automated tracking system was used to evaluate locomotion. The estimated 96 h LC50s were 176.8 μg L-1 of Hg and 6.79 g L-1 of NaCl. Acute effects of Hg also included the disintegration of tissues, and loss of pigmentation. Acute effects of NaCl included motionlessness and rupture of the tegument. Hg and NaCl sub-lethal exposures caused feeding inhibition and locomotion impairment. This study demonstrates the usefulness of planarians for ecotoxicological research and that sensitive behavioral endpoints can evaluate the sub-lethal impacts of stressors to freshwater invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C P Simão
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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18
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Kamiya A, Machida T, Hirano M, Machida M, Shiga S, Hamaue N, Hirafuji M, Iizuka K. Administration of cyclophosphamide to rats induces pica and potentiates 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis in the intestine without causing severe intestinal injury. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:251-259. [PMID: 34507634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of cyclophosphamide on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis in the intestinal tissue of rats were investigated. Rats received 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally as a single administration, and kaolin and food intake was measured by an automatic monitoring apparatus. Ileal tissues were collected at either 24 or 72 h after administration. Cyclophosphamide caused a significant increase in kaolin intake at the acute and the delayed phases and was associated with a decrease in food intake, and body weight. Cyclophosphamide had no significant effect on intestinal mucosal morphology, or inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the intestine. Cyclophosphamide significantly increased tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) mRNA expression, number of anti-TPH antibody-positive cells, and 5-HT content in the intestine. Cyclophosphamide also significantly increased the expression of Tac1 mRNA, encoding preprotachykinin-1, which is a preprotein of substance P, and the number of anti-substance P antibody-positive cells in the intestine. Cyclophosphamide significantly increased Lgr5, Bmi1, and Atoh1 mRNA levels, which are markers for the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. This study demonstrated that cyclophosphamide induced pica in rats, and potentiated 5-HT synthesis associated with hyperplasia of substance P-containing enterochromaffin cells without causing severe intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Kamiya
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Takuji Machida
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
| | - Megumi Hirano
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Maiko Machida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 006-8590, Japan
| | - Saki Shiga
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Naoya Hamaue
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hirafuji
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kenji Iizuka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
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19
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Montagnini BG, Forcato S, Pernoncine KV, Monteiro MC, Pereira MRF, Costa NO, Moreira EG, Anselmo-Franci JA, Gerardin DCC. Developmental and Reproductive Outcomes in Male Rats Exposed to Triclosan: Two-Generation Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:738980. [PMID: 34721297 PMCID: PMC8548666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.738980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a phenolic compound with broad-spectrum antimicrobial action that has been incorporated into a variety of personal care products and other industry segments such as toys, textiles, and plastics. Due to its widespread use, TCS and its derivatives have been detected in several environmental compartments, with potential bioaccumulation and persistence. Indeed, some studies have demonstrated that TCS may act as a potential endocrine disruptor for the reproductive system. In the current study, we are reporting on the results obtained for male rats after a two-generation reproduction toxicity study conducted with TCS. Female and male Wistar rats were treated daily by gavage with TCS at doses of 0.8, 2.4, and 8.0 mg/kg/day or corn oil (control group) over 10 weeks (F0) and over 14 weeks (F1) before mating and then throughout mating, until weaning F2 generations, respectively. TCS exposure decreased sperm viability and motility of F1 rats at the dose of 2.4 mg/kg. The effects of TCS on sperm quality may be related to the exposure window, which includes the programming of reproductive cells that occurs during fetal/neonatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Garcia Montagnini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Simone Forcato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Karine Vandressa Pernoncine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cunha Monteiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marina Rangel Ferro Pereira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Orlandini Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Gastadello Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina Ceccatto Gerardin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Reproduction, Biological Sciences Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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20
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Tran PV, Tamura Y, Pham CV, Elhussiny MZ, Han G, Chowdhury VS, Furuse M. Neuropeptide Y modifies a part of diencephalic catecholamine but not indolamine metabolism in chicks depending on feeding status. Neuropeptides 2021; 89:102169. [PMID: 34229214 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of the monoaminergic system in the feeding behavior of neonatal chicks has been reported, but the functional relationship between the metabolism of monoamines and appetite-related neuropeptides is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the changes in catecholamine and indolamine metabolism in response to the central action of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in different feeding statuses and the underlying mechanisms. In Experiment 1, the diencephalic concentrations of amino acids and monoamines following the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NPY (375 pmol/10 μl/chick), saline solution under ad libitum, and fasting conditions for 30 min were determined. Central NPY significantly decreased L-tyrosine concentration, the precursor of catecholamines under feeding condition, but not under fasting condition. Central NPY significantly increased dopamine metabolites, including 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid (HVA). The concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol was significantly reduced under feeding condition, but did not change under fasting condition by NPY. However, no effects of NPY on indolamine metabolism were found in either feeding status. Therefore, the mechanism of action of catecholamines with central NPY under feeding condition was elucidated in Experiment 2. Central NPY significantly attenuated diencephalic gene expression of catecholaminergic synthetic enzymes, such as tyrosine hydroxylase, L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and GTP cyclohydrolase I after 30 min of feeding. In Experiment 3, co-injection of α-methyl-L-tyrosine, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase with NPY, moderately attenuated the orexigenic effect of NPY, accompanied by a significant positive correlation between food intake and HVA levels. In Experiment 4, there was a significant interaction between NPY and clorgyline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A with ICV co-injection which implies that co-existence of NPY and clorgyline enhances the orexigenic effect of NPY. In conclusion, central NPY modifies a part of catecholamine metabolism, which is illustrated by the involvement of dopamine transmission and metabolism under feeding but not fasting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Tran
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yui Tamura
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Cuong V Pham
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mohamed Z Elhussiny
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Guofeng Han
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Metabolism, Division of Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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21
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da Silva AA, Hall JE, Dai X, Wang Z, Salgado MC, do Carmo JM. Chronic Antidiabetic Actions of Leptin: Evidence From Parabiosis Studies for a CNS-Derived Circulating Antidiabetic Factor. Diabetes 2021; 70:2264-2274. [PMID: 34344788 PMCID: PMC8576509 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We used parabiosis to determine whether the central nervous system (CNS)-mediated antidiabetic effects of leptin are mediated by release of brain-derived circulating factors. Parabiosis was surgically induced at 4 weeks of age, and an intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula was placed in the lateral cerebral ventricle at 12 weeks of age for ICV infusion of leptin or saline vehicle. Ten days after surgery, food intake, body weight, and blood glucose were measured for 5 consecutive days, and insulin-deficiency diabetes was induced in all rats by a single streptozotocin (STZ) injection (40 mg/kg). Five days after STZ injection, leptin or vehicle was infused ICV for 7 days, followed by 5-day recovery period. STZ increased blood glucose and food intake. Chronic ICV leptin infusion restored normoglycemia in leptin-infused rats while reducing blood glucose by ∼27% in conjoined vehicle-infused rats. This glucose reduction was caused mainly by decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis. Chronic ICV leptin infusion also reduced net cumulative food intake and increased GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle in leptin/vehicle compared with vehicle/vehicle conjoined rats. These results indicate that leptin's CNS-mediated antidiabetic effects are mediated, in part, by release into the systemic circulation of leptin-stimulated factors that enhance glucose utilization and reduce liver gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Mateus C Salgado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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22
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Abraham TJ, Julinta RB, Roy A, Singha J, Patil PK, Kumar KA, Paria P, Behera BK. Dietary therapeutic dose of oxytetracycline negatively influences the antioxidant capacity and immune-related genes expression in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 87:103685. [PMID: 34058379 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the dietary therapeutic dose of oxytetracycline (OTC) at 80 mg/kg biomass/day for consecutive 10 days on the behaviour, feed intake, mortality, residue accumulation and depletion, antioxidant capacity and immune-related genes expression in juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated. OTC-dosing caused mortalities, reduced feed intake, and biomass reduction at 24.5-28.5 °C. OTC residues recorded on day 10 (161.40 ± 11.10 ng/g) were within the maximum residue limits of the Codex Alimentarius. The withdrawal period was 7 days as per the European Commission's regulation. Traces of residues were present even on day 42 post-OTC-dosing. Dietary OTC reduced the antioxidant capacity of the liver and muscle tissues and down-regulated the expression of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and heat shock protein-70 genes in the liver significantly during the dosing period. The data generated on the biosafety of OTC-dosing may offer inputs for the development of management strategies in maintaining fish health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India.
| | - Roy Beryl Julinta
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - Jasmine Singha
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Patil
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - Kesavan Ashok Kumar
- Fish Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willington Island, Cochin, Kerala, 682029, India
| | - Prasenjit Paria
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
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23
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Abstract
Appetite is closely regulated not only by gut hormonal and neuronal peptides but also by exogenous peptides derived from food proteins. Food proteins are now recognized to contain many thousands of bioactive compounds that provide additional health benefits beyond their nutritional effects. Bioactive peptides are beneficial to the life and/or to regulate physiological functions. Although animal protein products have been widely applied in the food industry, exploring the possibilities of developing functional foods based on plant protein-derived peptides is considered attractive for achieving sustainable development goals. In addition, peptides from plant proteins have the potential to treat numerous diseases or risk factors and may therefore facilitate a healthy life expectancy. In this review, we discuss the identified plant-based bioactive peptides and their appetite regulating effects. Plant-based bioactive peptides may provide new opportunities to discover novel approaches that can improve and prevent diseases in a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kaneko
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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24
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Wang L, Han W, Iwasaki Y, Yermek R, Sharp GWG, Seino Y, Yada T. Onion component, isoalliin, stimulates feeding and activates the arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y, ghrelin- and Ninjin'yoeito-responsive neurons. Neuropeptides 2021; 89:102180. [PMID: 34293597 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Appetite loss or anorexia substantially decreases the quality of life in patients with cancer, depression and gastrointestinal disorders, and can lead to sarcopenia and frailty. Foods that restore appetite have been sought-for but are not currently available. Historically, onion intake was adopted to treat a variety of diseases with reduced appetite including cancer and gastrointestinal disturbances. While isoalliin is a core component of onion, the effects of isoalliin on feeding behavior and feeding centers remain unknown. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ghrelin are the most potent central and peripheral inducers of appetite. A Japanese kampo medicine Ninjin'yoeito activates ghrelin-responsive NPY neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and counteracts anorexia induced by an anti-cancer drug cisplatin. This study explored the effects of isoalliin on feeding behavior and activities of ARC neurons in mice. Isoalliin, injected intraperitoneally, dose-dependently increased food intake during dark phase (DP) and daily without altering light phase (LP) food intake. We measured cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in single ARC neurons including NPY neurons identified by GFP fluorescence. Isoalliin increased [Ca2+]i in 10 of 18 (55.6%) NPY neurons, a majority of which also responded to ghrelin with [Ca2+]i increases, indicating that the ARC ghrelin-responsive NPY neuron is the major target of isoalliin. Isoalliin also increased [Ca2+]i in the ARC neurons that responded to Ninjin'yoeito. These results indicate that isoalliin enhances feeding at the active period and activates ARC ghrelin-responsive NPY neurons and Ninjin'yoeito-responsive neurons. These abilities of isoalliin to stimulate DP feeding and activate ARC orexigenic neurons provide scientific evidence for the health beneficial effects of onion experienced historically and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 1-5-6 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Wanxin Han
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 1-5-6 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Rakhat Yermek
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 1-5-6 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Geoffrey W G Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 1-5-6 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 1-5-6 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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25
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Miyaue N, Hosokawa Y, Yoshida A, Yamanishi Y, Tada S, Ando R, Yabe H, Nagai M. Fasting state is one of the factors associated with plasma levodopa fluctuations during levodopa‒carbidopa intestinal gel treatment. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 91:55-58. [PMID: 34509136 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing levodopa‒carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) treatment experience motor fluctuations in the afternoon. The migrating motor complex, a specific periodic migrating contraction pattern occurring in the stomach and small intestine during the fasting state, can affect drug absorption. We aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters between two conditions (with and without lunch) and assessed the influence of the fasting state on the levodopa pharmacokinetics in LCIG treatment. METHODS We evaluated the levodopa pharmacokinetics from 12:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. in 10 LCIG-treated PD patients in the presence and absence of lunch. RESULTS The maintenance dose of LCIG correlated strongly with the mean plasma concentration of levodopa in the absence (r = 0.94, coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.89, p < 0.001) or presence of lunch (r = 0.96, R2 = 0.93, p < 0.001). Comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters revealed that the coefficient of variation was significantly greater in the condition without lunch than in the condition with lunch (p = 0.004): 16.73% (4.88%) without lunch and 9.22% (3.80%) with lunch. There were no significant differences in the mean plasma concentration of levodopa (p = 0.49) and area under the plasma concentration‒time curve (p = 0.27) between the two conditions. CONCLUSIONS Plasma concentrations of levodopa fluctuated more in patients undergoing LCIG treatment without than with lunch. Our results indicate that a small amount of food intake may be a better corrective approach for worsening of symptoms in the fasting state rather than additional levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyaue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Yuko Hosokawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamanishi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Rina Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hayato Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
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Pirník Z, Kořínková L, Osacká J, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Cholecystokinin system is involved in the anorexigenic effect of peripherally applied palmitoylated prolactin-releasing peptide in fasted mice. Physiol Res 2021; 70:579-590. [PMID: 34062082 PMCID: PMC8820541 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) has been proposed to mediate the central satiating effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) through the vagal CCK1 receptor. PrRP acts as an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor 10 (GPR10), which is expressed at the highest levels in brain areas related to food intake regulation, e.g., the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The NTS and PVN are also significantly activated after peripheral CCK administration. The aim of this study was to determine whether the endogenous PrRP neuronal system in the brain is involved in the central anorexigenic effect of the peripherally administered CCK agonist JMV236 or the CCK1 antagonist devazepide and whether the CCK system is involved in the central anorexigenic effect of the peripherally applied lipidized PrRP analog palm-PrRP31 in fasted lean mice. The effect of devazepide and JMV236 on the anorexigenic effects of palm-PrRP31 as well as devazepide combined with JMV236 and palm-PrRP31 on food intake and Fos cell activation in the PVN and caudal NTS was examined. Our results suggest that the anorexigenic effect of JMV236 is accompanied by activation of PrRP neurons of the NTS in a CCK1 receptor-dependent manner. Moreover, while the anorexigenic effect of palm-PrRP31 was not affected by JMV236, it was partially attenuated by devazepide in fasted mice. The present findings indicate that the exogenously influenced CCK system may be involved in the central anorexigenic effect of peripherally applied palm-PrRP31, which possibly indicates some interaction between the CCK and PrRP neuronal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pirník
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic,
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Lin YE, Chen YC, Lu KH, Huang YJ, Panyod S, Liu WT, Yang SH, Lu YS, Chen MH, Sheen LY. Antidepressant-like effects of water extract of Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link by modulation of ROCK2/PTEN/Akt signaling in an unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced animal model. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 276:114194. [PMID: 33974945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link (CM) is a medicinal mushroom traditionally used in tonics for treating several neurological disorders, including epilepsy and anxiety, in Asia. Reports have shown that CM has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects and may be beneficial for depression management. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the potential of CM as an antidepressant for a long-term unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) rodent models and explore its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were orally administered with 125 (low, L), 250 (medium, M), and 500 (high, H) mg/kg bodyweight (bw) of the water extract of CM (WCM) for 35 consecutive days in the UCMS protocol. The levels of cerebral serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and metabolites in the frontal cortex of the rats were measured. Blood was collected to investigate the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and the brain was dissected to assay the stress-associated ROCK2/PTEN/Akt signaling. RESULTS All doses of the WCM prevented abnormal behaviors induced by UCMS, including anhedonia and hypoactivity. The LWCM treatment reduced the turnover rate of 5-HT, and all doses of the WCM reduced the turnover rate of DA in the frontal cortex. The LWCM also attenuated the elevation of serum IL-1β induced by chronic stress. All doses of the WCM attenuated the ROCK2 protein hyperactivation, and the LWCM further increased the down-regulation of p-Akt/Akt signaling. CONCLUSION The WCM has antidepressant-like effects, which may result from the regulation of the stress-related ROCK2/PTEN/Akt pathway. Therefore, the WCM may be developed and used for the complementary treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-En Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ting Liu
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hui Yang
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Sheng Lu
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hsing Chen
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhu K, Meng Z, Tian Y, Gu R, Xu Z, Fang H, Liu W, Huang W, Ding G, Xiao W. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of total glycosides of Cistanche tubulosa in diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 276:113991. [PMID: 33675914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) R. Wight (Orobanchaceae) is a frequently prescribed component in many traditional herbal prescriptions which are used to treat diabetes in China. In recent studies, the antidiabetic activity of Cistanche tubulosa extracts have been confirmed. However, no systematic investigation has been reported on the total glycosides of Cistatnche tubulosa (TGCT). AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of TGCT and the potential mechanisms in diet/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and to chemically characterize the main constituents of TGCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major constituents of TGCT were characterized by HPLC/Q-TOF-MS and the analytical quantification was performed with HPLC-DAD. Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFSD) and a single injection of STZ (30 mg/kg). TGCT (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) or metformin (200 mg/kg) were orally administered for 6 weeks. Body weight and calorie intake were monitored throughout the experiment. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), area under curve of glucose (AUC-G), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, serum C-peptide, glycogen content and insulin sensitivity index were tested. The levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β, the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase were assayed. Meanwhile, the changes in serum lipid profiles, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde and inflammatory factors were measured. Histological of pancreas were also evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin stain. RESULTS Our investigation revealed the presence of phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs): echinacoside (500.19 ± 11.52 mg/g), acteoside (19.13 ± 1.44 mg/g) and isoacteoside (141.82 ± 5.78 mg/g) in TGCT. Pharmacological tests indicated that TGCT significantly reversed STZ-induced weight loss (11.1%, 200 mg/kg); decreased FPG (56.4%, 200 mg/kg) and HbA1c (37.4%, 200 mg/kg); ameliorated the OGTT, AUC-G and insulin sensitivity; increased glycogen content (40.8% in liver and 52.6% in muscle, 200 mg/kg) and the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes; regulated lipid profile changes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes; diminished serum markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that TGCT was an effective nutritional agent for ameliorating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diet/STZ-induced diabetic rats, which might be largely attributed to the activities of TGCT on inhibitions of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiniu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; Huzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Zhaoqing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China; Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, 250103, China
| | - Yushan Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Rui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Zhongkun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Hui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Wenzhe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Gang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222001, China.
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Zhang H, Lu P, Tang HL, Yan HJ, Jiang W, Shi H, Chen SY, Gao MM, Zeng XD, Long YS. Valproate-Induced Epigenetic Upregulation of Hypothalamic Fto Expression Potentially Linked with Weight Gain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1257-1269. [PMID: 32500354 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Valproate (VPA), a widely-used antiepileptic drug, is a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) that play important roles in epigenetic regulation. The patient with different diseases receiving this drug tend to exhibit weight gain and abnormal metabolic phenotypes, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that VPA increases the Fto mRNA and protein expression in mouse hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. Interestingly, VPA promotes histone H3/H4 acetylation and the FTO expression which could be reversed by C646, an inhibitor for histone acetyltransferase. Furthermore, VPA weakens the FTO's binding and enhances the binding of transcription factor TAF1 to the Fto promoter, and C646 leads to reverse effect of the VPA, suggesting an involvement of the dynamic of histone H3/H4 acetylation in the regulation of FTO expression. In addition, the mice exhibit an increase in the food intake and body weight at the beginning of 2-week treatment with VPA. Simultaneously, in the hypothalamus of the VPA-treated mice, the FTO expression is upregulated and the H3/H4 acetylation is increased; further the FTO's binding to the Fto promoter is decreased and the TAF1's binding to the promoter is enhanced, suggesting that VPA promotes the assembly of the basal transcriptional machinery of the Fto gene. Finally, the inhibitor C646 could restore the effects of VPA on FTO expression, H3/H4 acetylation, body weight, and food intake; and loss of FTO could reverse the VPA-induced increase of body weight and food intake. Taken together, this study suggests an involvement of VPA in the epigenetic upregulation of hypothalamic FTO expression that is potentially associated with the VPA-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hui-Ling Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hua-Juan Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiang-Da Zeng
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Long
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Stein LM, McGrath LE, Lhamo R, Koch-Laskowski K, Fortin SM, Skarbaliene J, Baader-Pagler T, Just R, Hayes MR, Mietlicki-Baase EG. The long-acting amylin/calcitonin receptor agonist ZP5461 suppresses food intake and body weight in male rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R250-R259. [PMID: 34259025 PMCID: PMC8409915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00337.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The peptide hormone amylin reduces food intake and body weight and is an attractive candidate target for novel pharmacotherapies to treat obesity. However, the short half-life of native amylin and amylin analogs like pramlintide limits these compounds' potential utility in promoting sustained negative energy balance. Here, we evaluate the ability of the novel long-acting amylin/calcitonin receptor agonist ZP5461 to reduce feeding and body weight in rats, and also test the role of calcitonin receptors (CTRs) in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of the hindbrain in the energy balance effects of chronic ZP5461 administration. Acute dose-response studies indicate that systemic ZP5461 (0.5-3 nmol/kg) robustly suppresses energy intake and body weight gain in chow- and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. When HFD-fed rats received chronic systemic administration of ZP5461 (1-2 nmol/kg), the compound initially produced reductions in energy intake and weight gain but failed to produce sustained suppression of intake and body weight. Using virally mediated knockdown of DVC CTRs, the ability of chronic systemic ZP5461 to promote early reductions in intake and body weight gain was determined to be mediated in part by activation of DVC CTRs, implicating the DVC as a central site of action for ZP5461. Future studies should address other dosing regimens of ZP5461 to determine whether an alternative dose/frequency of administration would produce more sustained body weight suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren E McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rinzin Lhamo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kieran Koch-Laskowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha M Fortin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth G Mietlicki-Baase
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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Yang G, Bai C, Liu T, He J, Gu X. The effect of Raphanus sativus L. seeds on regulation of intestinal motility in rats consuming a high-calorie diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111705. [PMID: 34118598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a short-term high-calorie diet and the regulation mechanism of Raphanus sativus L. seeds (RSL seeds) on the intestinal motility of young rats. METHODS We fed 20 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats special high-calorie diet for 3 days and then randomized them to a high-calorie diet group (HCG, 10 rats) and an RSL seeds treatment group (TG, 10 rats). Ten rats of the same age served as the control group (CG). HCG and TG rats continued to be fed high-calorie feed. All of the rats were weighed every 2 days. After 3 days of treatment, the effects of RSL seeds on the regulation of intestinal motility in rats consuming a high-calorie diet were examined. RESULTS After 3 days of consuming a high-calorie diet, body weight was significantly lower in the HCG group than in the control group, and body weight of the HCG group increased slowly with time. Serum substance P (SP) and ghrelin levels were significantly lower, while the nitric oxide (NO) level was significantly higher. There were no differences in hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of colon sections between the groups. The expression levels of Cx43 and BDNF protein and mRNA in colon tissue were significantly lower in the HCG group. There were no significant differences in body weight between the CG and TG groups. Serum SP and ghrelin indexes in TG group were higher than those in the HCG group, and the NO index was significantly decreased. The expression levels of Cx43 and BDNF proteins and mRNA in the colon tissue were also significantly greater. CONCLUSION Consumption of a short-term high-calorie diet may result in intestinal motility dysfunction and reduced intestinal motility. RSL seeds may improve the intestinal motility by regulating the secretion of gastrointestinal motility hormones and the expression of intestinal motility-related proteins, such as Cx43 and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chen Bai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tiegang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianzhen He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
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Abstract
RATIONALE A growing body of research suggests that substance use disorder (SUD) may be characterized as disorders of decision making. However, drug choice studies assessing drug-associated decision making often lack more complex and dynamic conditions that better approximate contexts outside the laboratory and may lead to incomplete conclusions regarding the nature of drug-associated value. OBJECTIVES The current study assessed isomorphic (choice between identical food options) and allomorphic (choice between remifentanil [REMI] and food) choice across dynamically changing reward probabilities, magnitudes, and differentially reward-predictive stimuli in male rats to better understand determinants of drug value. Choice data were analyzed at aggregate and choice-by-choice levels using quantitative matching and reinforcement learning (RL) models, respectively. RESULTS Reductions in reward probability or magnitude independently reduced preferences for food and REMI commodities. Inclusion of reward-predictive cues significantly increased preference for food and REMI rewards. Model comparisons revealed that reward-predictive stimuli significantly altered the economic substitutability of food and REMI rewards at both levels of analysis. Furthermore, model comparisons supported the reformulation of reward value updating in RL models from independent terms to a shared, relative term, more akin to matching models. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that value-based quantitative choice models can accurately capture choice determinants within complex decision-making contexts and corroborate drug choice as a multidimensional valuation process. Collectively, the present study indicates commonalities in decision-making for drug and non-drug rewards, validates the use of economic-based SUD therapies (e.g., contingency management), and implicates the neurobehavioral processes underlying drug-associated decision-making as a potential avenue for future SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Smith
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Joshua S Beckmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Kerem L, Lawson EA. The Effects of Oxytocin on Appetite Regulation, Food Intake and Metabolism in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7737. [PMID: 34299356 PMCID: PMC8306733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic peptide oxytocin and its receptor are involved in a range of physiological processes, including parturition, lactation, cell growth, wound healing, and social behavior. More recently, increasing evidence has established the effects of oxytocin on food intake, energy expenditure, and peripheral metabolism. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the central oxytocinergic system in which oxytocin acts to shape eating behavior and metabolism. Next, we discuss the peripheral beneficial effects oxytocin exerts on key metabolic organs, including suppression of visceral adipose tissue inflammation, skeletal muscle regeneration, and bone tissue mineralization. A brief summary of oxytocin actions learned from animal models is presented, showing that weight loss induced by chronic oxytocin treatment is related not only to its anorexigenic effects, but also to the resulting increase in energy expenditure and lipolysis. Following an in-depth discussion on the technical challenges related to endogenous oxytocin measurements in humans, we synthesize data related to the association between endogenous oxytocin levels, weight status, metabolic syndrome, and bone health. We then review clinical trials showing that in humans, acute oxytocin administration reduces food intake, attenuates fMRI activation of food motivation brain areas, and increases activation of self-control brain regions. Further strengthening the role of oxytocin in appetite regulation, we review conditions of hypothalamic insult and certain genetic pathologies associated with oxytocin depletion that present with hyperphagia, extreme weight gain, and poor metabolic profile. Intranasal oxytocin is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials to learn whether oxytocin-based therapeutics can be used to treat obesity and its associated sequela. At the end of this review, we address the fundamental challenges that remain in translating this line of research to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Kerem
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
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Nasiri K, Akbari A, Nimrouzi M, Ruyvaran M, Mohamadian A. Safflower seed oil improves steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in rats with type II diabetes mellitus by modulating the genes expression involved in steroidogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 275:114139. [PMID: 33894286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes mellitus (DM), as a multiorgan syndrome, is an endocrine and metabolic disorder that is associated with male reproductive system dysfunction and infertility. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an herbal remedy improves DM and infertility-related disorders. The anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties of this herb have been well documented, but its role in testosterone production, male reproductive system and zinc homeostasis has not been fully illustrated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic properties of different doses of safflower seed oil against reproductive damage caused by type II DM by investigating zinc element homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative damage in testis tissue and their relationship with testosterone production and sperm parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups and treated daily for 12 and 24 weeks in protective and therapeutic studies, respectively. Type II DM was induced by a High Fat Diet (HFD) in normoglycemic rats for three months. At the end of each study, serum level of glucose, testosterone, gonadotropins, TNF-α, insulin, and leptin were measured. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation, zinc and testosterone along with the expression of Nrf-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, StAR, P450scc, and 17βHSD3 genes in the testis were detected. RESULTS After the intervention, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of testosterone and gonadotropins significantly decreased in the rats with DM in comparison to the others. However, lipid peroxidation and serum level of insulin, leptin and TNF-α increased and the testicular level of zinc significantly changed in the rats with DM compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). The gene expression of NF-κB and TNF-α were also significantly increased and the gene expression of Nrf2, StAR, P450scc and 17βHSD3 were decreased in the testis of diabetic rats (p < 0.05). The results showed that pretreatment and treatment with safflower seed oil could improve these parameters in diabetic rats compared with untreated diabetic rats (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION HFD could impair the production of testosterone and sperm, and reduce gonadotropin by increasing the serum level of leptin and inducing insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation. However, safflower oil in a dose-dependent manner could improve testosterone level and sperm parameters by improving the level of leptin, zinc and insulin resistance, and the genes expression involved in testosterone synthesis, inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Nasiri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Majid Nimrouzi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maede Ruyvaran
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mohamadian
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Villas-Boas GR, Paes MM, Gubert P, Oesterreich SA. Evaluation of the toxic potential of the aqueous extract from Mangifera indica Linn. (Anacardiaceae) in rats submitted to experimental models of acute and subacute oral toxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 275:114100. [PMID: 33892064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The population has traditionally used the Mangifera indica plant leaves to treat diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus and alleviate signs and symptoms such as inflammation, diarrhea, and dysentery. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the flavonoids present in the aqueous extract from M. indica leaves (EAMI) exhibited a potent hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats, promoting the widespread use of the plant by the population and highlighting the importance of investigating its oral toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to assess the toxic potential of EAMI in rats submitted to experimental models of acute and subacute (short-term) oral toxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS For the acute toxicity test, female Wistar rats received a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of EAMI and were observed for 14 days. In the short-term toxicity test, male and female Wistar rats received repeated oral EAMI doses of 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg body weight and observed for 28 days. RESULTS The phytochemical analysis of EAMI demonstrated that the extract has high levels of flavonoids. No animals died in the acute toxicity test, and no clinical changes were observed that show signs of toxicity in the animals. There was no significant change in the weight of the organs of the animals submitted to tests with the EAMI, suggesting that LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg. In the conditions and doses tested in the short-term toxicity experiments, the treatment did not produce significant changes in the physiological, biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters in the animals evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that high doses of EAMI administered acutely, as well as all doses evaluated in the short-term oral toxicity model, should be considered safe during traditional therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Roberto Villas-Boas
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, BA, Brazil.
| | - Marina Meirelles Paes
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, BA, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Aparecida Oesterreich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. Postal 364, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Wei Y, Wang R, Ren S, Liu X, Jing M, Li R, Tong Y, Wen J, Yang T, Wang J, Zhao Y. Zuojin Pill ameliorates inflammation in indomethacin-induced gastric injury via inhibition of MAPK pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 275:114103. [PMID: 33836259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zuojin Pill (ZJP) has been a classic prescription for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in China since ancient times. But its effect on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced gastric injury (GI) is still uncharted. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of ZJP on indomethacin (IDO) induced gastric injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS GI was induced in rat by oral administration of 5 mg/kg IDO. Then the rats were treated with ZJP (1.26, 2.52, 5.04 g/kg, ig). The changes of food intake, body weight, gastric pH and general state observation were carried out to determine the improvement of ZJP in IDO-induced GI: HE staining and AB-PAS staining was analyzed to characterize the thickness of gastric mucosa and micro mucosal injury; in order to elucidate the effect of ZJP on IDO-induced inflammatory injury, the inflammatory infiltration of gastric tissue was observed by MPO immunohistochemical method, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of ZJP in treating IDO-induced GI was predicted with the help of network pharmacology, and the expression levels of key proteins ERK, p-ERK, P38, p-P38, JNK, p-JNK were determined to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ZJP. RESULTS Current data strongly demonstrated that ZJP alleviated food intake reduction, weight loss and gastric injury caused by IDO and made gastric pH and mucosal thickness return to normal. In addition, ZJP could reduce the level of MPO to alleviate the inflammatory infiltration of gastric tissue. Simultaneously, ZJP could down regulate the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 and up regulate the expression of IL-10 to reduce the damage caused by inflammatory, and create a healing environment. Furthermore, ZJP could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK, which leaded to the increase of inflammatory factors and the damage of gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION ZJP improved local inflammation by inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway, and had a good therapeutic effect on IDO-induced GI. This study has reference significance for the study of ZJP in the prevention and treatment of NSAID induced gastric injury. In addition, ZJP may be a new treatment option for the prevention and treatment of NSAID induced gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sichen Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Jung JA, Noh JH, Jang MS, Gu EY, Cho MK, Lim KH, Park H, Back SM, Kim SP, Han KH. Safety evaluation of fermented Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. extract: Genotoxicity, acute toxicity, and 13-week subchronic toxicity study in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 275:114138. [PMID: 33895248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. is a well-known traditional herbal medicine administered for bronchitis and inflammatory diseases. Especially, anti-inflammatory effect of fermented P. grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. extract (FPGE) was higher than that of P. grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. extract. However, toxicological information for FPGE is lacking. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we establish a toxicological profile for FPGE by testing genotoxicity, acute and 13-week subchronic toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS FPGE was evaluated with bacterial reverse mutation, chromosome aberration, and micronucleus test. For the acute- and 13-week subchronic toxicity tests, FPGE was administered orally at doses of 0, 750, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg in SD rats. RESULTS The results of the genotoxic assays indicated that FPGE induced neither mutagenicity nor clastogenicity. The acute toxicity test showed that FPGE did not affect animal mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, or microscopic findings at ≤ 3000 mg/kg. The approximate lethal dose (ALD) of FPGE in SD rats was >3000 mg/kg. For the 13-week subchronic toxicity assay, no FPGE dose induced any significant change in mortality, clinical signs, body or organ weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, gross findings and histopathologic examination in either SD rat sex. The rat no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) for FPGE was set to 3000 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS The present study empirically demonstrated that FPGE has a safe preclinical profile and indicated that it could be safely integrated into health products for atopic dermatitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Jung
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Noh
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seong Jang
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Gu
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Cho
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Lim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seng-Min Back
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Phil Kim
- STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
This experiment investigated which hypothalamic nuclei were activated by a dose of leptin that inhibited food intake. Foodnot intake, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and intrascapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) temperature were measured in male and female Sprague Dawley rats for 36 h following an intraperitoneal injection of 0, 50, 200, 500, or 1,000 µg leptin/kg with each rat tested with each dose of leptin in random order. In both males and females, RER and 12-h food intake were inhibited only by 1,000 µg leptin/kg, but there was no effect on energy expenditure or IBAT temperature. At the end of the experiment, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) immunoreactivity was measured 1 h after injection of 0, 50, 500, or 1,000 µg leptin/kg. In male rats, the lowest dose of leptin produced a maximal activation of STAT3 in the Arc and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). There was no response in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, but there was a progressive increase in ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) pSTAT3 with increasing doses of leptin. In female rats, there was no significant change in Arc and pSTAT3 NTS activation was maximal with 500 mg leptin/kg, but only the highest dose of leptin increased VMH pSTAT3. These results suggest that the VMH plays an important role in the energetic response to elevations of circulating leptin but do not exclude the possibility that multiple nuclei provide the appropriate integrated response to hyperleptinemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The results of this experiment show that doses of leptin too small to inhibit food intake produce a maximal response to leptin in the arcuate nucleus. By contrast the VMH shows a robust response that correlates with inhibition of food intake. This suggests that the VMH plays an important role in the energetic response to hyperleptinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth B S Harris
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Wasinski F, Barrile F, Pedroso JAB, Quaresma PGF, dos Santos WO, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Perelló M, Donato J. Ghrelin-induced Food Intake, but not GH Secretion, Requires the Expression of the GH Receptor in the Brain of Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6273366. [PMID: 33972988 PMCID: PMC8197284 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin stimulates both GH secretion and food intake. The orexigenic action of ghrelin is mainly mediated by neurons that coexpress agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). GH also stimulates food intake and, importantly, ARHAgRP/NPY neurons express GH receptor (GHR). Thus, ghrelin-induced GH secretion may contribute to the orexigenic effect of ghrelin. Here, we investigated the response to ghrelin in male mice carrying GHR ablation specifically in neurons (brain GHR knockout [KO] mice) or exclusively in ARHAgRP/NPY neurons (AgRP GHR KO mice). Although brain GHR KO mice showed normal ghrelin-induced increase in plasma GH levels, these mutants lacked the expected orexigenic response to ghrelin. Additionally, brain GHR KO mice displayed reduced hypothalamic levels of Npy and Ghsr mRNA and did not elicit ghrelin-induced c-Fos expression in the ARH. Furthermore, brain GHR KO mice exhibited a prominent reduction in AgRP fiber density in the ARH and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). In contrast, AgRP GHR KO mice showed no changes in the hypothalamic Npy and Ghsr mRNAs and conserved ghrelin-induced food intake and c-Fos expression in the ARH. AgRP GHR KO mice displayed a reduced AgRP fiber density (~16%) in the PVH, but this reduction was less than that observed in brain GHR KO mice (~61%). Our findings indicate that GHR signaling in the brain is required for the orexigenic effect of ghrelin, independently of GH action on ARHAgRP/NPY neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Wasinski
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA, 1900, Argentina
| | - João A B Pedroso
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Willian O dos Santos
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA, 1900, Argentina
- Correspondence: Mario Perelló, PhD, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Calle 526 S/N entre 10 y 11, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900. Argentina.
| | - Jose Donato
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: Jose Donato Jr., PhD, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil;
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Haghighat N, Ashtary-Larky D, Bagheri R, Wong A, Cheraghloo N, Moradpour G, Nordvall M, Asbaghi O, Moeinvaziri N, Amini M, Sohrabi Z, Dutheil F. Effects of 6 Months of Soy-Enriched High Protein Compared to Eucaloric Low Protein Snack Replacement on Appetite, Dietary Intake, and Body Composition in Normal-Weight Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072266. [PMID: 34208986 PMCID: PMC8308358 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The favorable effects of high protein snacks on body composition and appetite status in lean and athletic populations have been illustrated previously. However, the effects of soy-enriched high protein snacks have not been investigated in women with normal-weight obesity (NWO). Consequently, we aimed at comparing the effects of six months of soy-enriched high protein snack replacement on appetite, body composition, and dietary intake in women with NWO. (2) Methods: One hundred seven (107) women with NWO [(age: 24 ± 3 yrs, BMI: 22.7 ± 2.3 kg/m2, body fat percentage (BFP): 38 ± 3.2%)] who were assigned to one of two groups; high protein snack (HP, n = 52) containing 50 g soybean or isocaloric low-protein snack (protein: 18.2 g, carbohydrate: 15 g, fat: 10 g, energy: 210 kcal) or isocaloric low protein snack (LP, n = 55) containing 3.5 servings of fruit (protein: <2 g, carbohydrate: ≈50 g, fat: <1 g, energy: ≈210 kcal) as part of their daily meals (as a snack at 10 a.m.), successfully completed the study interventions. Body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), BFP, skeletal muscle mass, dietary intake, and appetite levels were evaluated prior to and after the six-month intervention. (3) Results: Appetite (HP = -12 mm and LP = -0.6 mm), energy intake (HP = -166.2 kcal/day and LP = 91.3 kcal), carbohydrate intake (HP = -58.4 g/day and LP = 6.4 g/day), WC (HP = -4.3 cm and LP = -0.9 cm), and BFP (HP = -3.7% and LP = -0.9%) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced, while skeletal muscle mass (HP = 1.2 kg and LP = 0.3 kg) significantly increased in the HP compared to the LP group, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Six months of a soy-enriched high protein snack replacement decreased appetite and improved body composition in women with NWO. Our findings suggest that soy-enriched high protein snacks are an efficacious strategy for body composition improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Haghighat
- Laparoscopy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran; (N.H.); (G.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran;
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran;
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Neda Cheraghloo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran;
| | - Gholamreza Moradpour
- Laparoscopy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran; (N.H.); (G.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Michael Nordvall
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA;
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran;
| | - Nader Moeinvaziri
- Laparoscopy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran; (N.H.); (G.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Masoud Amini
- Laparoscopy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran; (N.H.); (G.M.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Zahra Sohrabi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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Dominique M, Lucas N, Legrand R, Bouleté IM, Bôle-Feysot C, Deroissart C, Léon F, Nobis S, do Rego JC, Lambert G, Déchelotte P. Effects of Bacterial CLPB Protein Fragments on Food Intake and PYY Secretion. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072223. [PMID: 34209507 PMCID: PMC8308458 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CLPB (Caseinolytic peptidase B) protein is a conformational mimetic of α-MSH, an anorectic hormone. Previous in vivo studies have already shown the potential effect of CLPB protein on food intake and on the production of peptide YY (PYY) by injection of E. coli wild type (WT) or E. coli ΔClpB. However, until now, no study has shown its direct effect on food intake. Furthermore, this protein can fragment naturally. Therefore, the aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the in vitro effects of CLPB fragments on PYY production; and (ii) to test the in vivo effects of a CLPB fragment sharing molecular mimicry with α-MSH (CLPB25) compared to natural fragments of the CLPB protein (CLPB96). To do that, a primary culture of intestinal mucosal cells from male Sprague-Dawley rats was incubated with proteins extracted from E. coli WT and ΔCLPB after fragmentation with trypsin or after a heat treatment of the CLPB protein. PYY secretion was measured by ELISA. CLPB fragments were analyzed by Western Blot using anti-α-MSH antibodies. In vivo effects of the CLPB protein on food intake were evaluated by intraperitoneal injections in male C57Bl/6 and ob/ob mice using the BioDAQ® system. The natural CLPB96 fragmentation increased PYY production in vitro and significantly decreased cumulative food intake from 2 h in C57Bl/6 and ob/ob mice on the contrary to CLPB25. Therefore, the anorexigenic effect of CLPB is likely the consequence of enhanced PYY secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dominique
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
| | - Nicolas Lucas
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Romain Legrand
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Illona-Marie Bouleté
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
| | - Camille Deroissart
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Fatima Léon
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d’Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Séverine Nobis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d’Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d’Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Grégory Lambert
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, 76183 Rouen, France
- Correspondence:
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Silver Z, Abbott-Tate S, Hyland L, Sherratt F, Woodside B, Abizaid A. Ghrelin receptor signaling is not required for glucocorticoid-induced obesity in female mice. J Endocrinol 2021; 250:37-48. [PMID: 34060474 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to high circulating glucocorticoid or ghrelin concentrations increases food intake, weight gain and adiposity, suggesting that ghrelin could contribute to the metabolic effects of chronic glucocorticoids. In male mice, however, blocking ghrelin receptor (GHSR) signaling increased the weight gain and adiposity induced by chronic corticosterone (CORT), rather than attenuating them. In the current study, we investigated the role of GHSR signaling in the metabolic effects of chronic exposure to high circulating CORT in female mice. To do this, female WT and GHSR KO mice were treated with either CORT in a 1% ethanol (EtOH) solution or 1% EtOH alone in their drinking water for 32 days (n = 5-8/group). Body weight, food, and water intake as well as vaginal cyclicity were assessed daily. As expected, CORT treatment-induced significant increases in body weight, food intake, adiposity and also impaired glucose tolerance. In contrast to results observed in male mice, WT and GHSR KO female mice did not differ on any of these parameters. Neither plasma levels of ghrelin, LEAP-2, the endogenous GHSR antagonist produced by the liver, nor their ratio were altered by chronic glucocorticoid exposure. In addition, CORT treatment disrupted vaginal cyclicity, produced a reduction in sucrose consumption and increased locomotor activity regardless of genotype. Chronic CORT also decreased exploration in WT but not GHSR KO mice. Collectively, these data suggest that most metabolic, endocrine, reproductive and behavioral effects of chronic CORT exposure are independent of GHSR signaling in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Silver
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Abbott-Tate
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hyland
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frances Sherratt
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Woodside
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Sanada K, Yoshimura M, Ikeda N, Baba K, Nishimura H, Nishimura K, Nonaka Y, Maruyama T, Miyamoto T, Mori M, Conway-Campbell B, Lightman S, Kataoka M, Ueta Y. Chemogenetic activation of endogenous arginine vasopressin exerts anorexigenic effects via central nesfatin-1/NucB2 pathway. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:18. [PMID: 34134629 PMCID: PMC10717637 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether the chemogenetic activation of endogenous arginine vasopressin (AVP) affects central nesfatin-1/NucB2 neurons, using a transgenic rat line that was previously generated. Saline (1 mL/kg) or clozapine-N-oxide (CNO, 1 mg/mL/kg), an agonist for hM3Dq, was subcutaneously administered in adult male AVP-hM3Dq-mCherry transgenic rats (300-370 g). Food and water intake were significantly suppressed after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of CNO, with aberrant circadian rhythmicity. The percentages of Fos expression in nesfatin-1/NucB2-immunoreactive neurons were significantly increased in the hypothalamus and brainstem at 120 min after s.c. injection of CNO. Suppressed food intake that was induced by chemogenetic activation of endogenous AVP was ablated after intracerebroventricularly administered nesfatin-1/NucB2-neutralizing antibody in comparison with vehicle, without any alteration of water intake nor circadian rhythmicity. These results suggest that chemogenetic activation of endogenous AVP affects, at least in part, central nesfatin-1/NucB2 neurons and may exert anorexigenic effects in the transgenic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Sanada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - Naofumi Ikeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Baba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nishimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Nonaka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsu Miyamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Masatomo Mori
- Research Institute for Metabolism and Obesity, Maebashi, 371-0049, Japan
| | - Becky Conway-Campbell
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
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Forbes SC, Candow DG, Ostojic SM, Roberts MD, Chilibeck PD. Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061912. [PMID: 34199420 PMCID: PMC8229907 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training (RT) augments gains in lean tissue mass and strength in aging adults; however, there is a large amount of heterogeneity between individual studies that may be related to creatine ingestion strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to (1) perform updated meta-analyses comparing creatine vs. placebo (independent of dosage and frequency of ingestion) during a resistance training program on measures of lean tissue mass and strength, (2) perform meta-analyses examining the effects of different creatine dosing strategies (lower: ≤5 g/day and higher: >5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase (≥20 g/day for 5-7 days), and (3) perform meta-analyses determining whether creatine supplementation only on resistance training days influences measures of lean tissue mass and strength. Overall, creatine (independent of dosing strategy) augments lean tissue mass and strength increase from RT vs. placebo. Subanalyses showed that creatine-loading followed by lower-dose creatine (≤5 g/day) increased chest press strength vs. placebo. Higher-dose creatine (>5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase, produced significant gains in leg press strength vs. placebo. However, when studies involving a creatine-loading phase were excluded from the analyses, creatine had no greater effect on chest press or leg press strength vs. placebo. Finally, creatine supplementation only on resistance training days significantly increased measures of lean tissue mass and strength vs. placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A6A9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-727-9637
| | - Darren G. Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4SOA2, Canada;
| | - Sergej M. Ostojic
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Lovcenska 16, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | | | - Philip D. Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada;
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Yang L, He ZW, He JW. The chemical profiling of aqueous soluble fraction from Lagopsis supina and its diuretic effects via suppression of AQP and RAAS pathways in saline-loaded rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 272:113951. [PMID: 33610702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lagopsis supina (Steph.) Ik. -Gal. ex Knorr. has been widely used as a remedy treatment for diuresis and edema in China over 2500 years. Our previous results showed that the aqueous soluble fraction from L. supina (LSB) possessed acute diuretic effect. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to appraise the acute (6 h) and prolonged (7 d) diuretic effects, underlying mechanisms, and chemical profiling of LSB. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical profiling of LSB was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS). Then, oral administration of LSB (40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg) and furosemide (10 mg/kg) once daily for 7 consecutive days to evaluate the diuretic effects in saline-loaded rats. The body weight, food consumption, and water intake were recorded once daily. The urinary volume, pH and electrolyte concentrations (Na+, K+, Cl-, and Ca2+) were measured after administration drugs for acute and prolonged diuretic effects. In addition, the serum levels of Na+-K+-ATPase, angiotensin II (Ang II), anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone (ALD), atriopeptin (ANP), aquaporins (AQPs)-1, 2 and 3 were determined by ELISA kits. The mRNA expressions and protein levels of AQPs-1, 2 and 3 were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot assays, respectively. RESULTS 30 compounds were identified in LSB based on accurate mass and MS/MS fragmentation compared to literature, among which phenylpropanoids and flavonoids could be partly responsible for the major diuretic effect. Daily administration of LSB (160 or 320 mg/kg) prominently increased urinary excretion volume after the 2 h at the first day of treatment, remaining until the 7th day. LSB did not cause Na+ and K+ electrolyte abnormalities, and has minor effect on Cl- and Ca2+ concentrations at 320 mg/kg. Furthermore, LSB observably suppressed renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, including decreased serum levels of Ang II, ADH, and ALD, and prominently increased serum level of ANP in rats. LSB treatment significantly down-regulated the serum levels, mRNA expressions and protein levels of AQP1, AQP2, and AQP3. CONCLUSION LSB has a prominent acute and prolonged diuretic effects via suppression of AQP and RAAS pathways in saline-loaded rats, and support the traditional folk use of this plant. Taken together, LSB might be a potential diuretic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Zhong-Wei He
- School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jun-Wei He
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Tuttiett ER, Green DJ, Stevenson EJ, Hill TR, Corfe BM, Williams EA. Short-Term Protein Supplementation Does Not Alter Energy Intake, Macronutrient Intake and Appetite in 50-75 Year Old Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:1711. [PMID: 34070014 PMCID: PMC8157839 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a reduction in muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia. Dietary protein is important for the maintenance of muscle mass through the promotion of muscle protein synthesis. However, protein is also reported to be a highly satiating nutrient. This raises concerns that protein intake for musculoskeletal health reasons in older adults may exacerbate age-related decreased appetite and may result in reduced energy and nutrient intake. This study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term protein supplementation and its timing (morning vs. evening), on energy and nutrient intake and appetite measures in middle-older age adults. Twenty-four 50-75 year olds were recruited to a randomised cross-over trial. In phase 1 (pre-supplementation) participants completed a food diary and reported hunger and appetite on three alternate days. During the second and third phases, participants consumed a 20 g whey protein gel (78 mL/368 kJ), for four days, either in the morning (after breakfast) or the evening (before bed), whilst completing the same assessments as phase 1. No differences in dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients were recorded when comparing the pre-supplementation phase to the protein supplementation phases, irrespective of timing (excluding the contribution of the protein supplement itself). Similarly, no differences were observed in self-reported feelings of hunger and appetite. In conclusion, a 20 g/day whey protein supplement given outside of meal-times did not alter habitual dietary intakes, hunger or appetite in this middle-older age adult population in the short-term. This approach may be a useful strategy to increasing habitual protein intake in the middle-older age population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme R. Tuttiett
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (B.M.C.); (E.A.W.)
| | - Dan J. Green
- School of Health and Related Research, Regent Court, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4AD, UK;
| | - Emma J. Stevenson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK; (E.J.S.); (T.R.H.)
| | - Thomas R. Hill
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK; (E.J.S.); (T.R.H.)
| | - Bernard M. Corfe
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (B.M.C.); (E.A.W.)
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK; (E.J.S.); (T.R.H.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Williams
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (B.M.C.); (E.A.W.)
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Igarashi A, Ogasawara S, Takagi R, Okada K, Ito YM, Hara H, Hira T. Acute Oral Calcium Suppresses Food Intake Through Enhanced Peptide-YY Secretion Mediated by the Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Rats. J Nutr 2021; 151:1320-1328. [PMID: 33693689 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary calcium has been proposed to reduce appetite in human studies. Postprandial satiety is mainly controlled by gut hormones. However, the effect of calcium on appetite and the role of gut hormones remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We examined whether oral administration of calcium reduces food intake in rats and investigated the underlying mechanism. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats (8-12 wk old) were used after an overnight fastifffng. In a series of 2 trials with 1-wk interval between challenges, food intake was measured 0.5-24 h after oral gavage of a vehicle (saline containing 1.5% carboxymethyl cellulose) as the control treatment, or the vehicle containing various calcium compounds [calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, in a random order] at 150 mg calcium/kg dose. A conditional taste aversion test was conducted. In separate experiments, plasma calcium and gut hormone concentrations were measured 15 or 30 min after oral administration of the calcium compounds. In anesthetized rats, portal peptide-YY (PYY) concentrations were measured after intraluminal administration of a liquid meal with or without additional calcium. RESULTS Oral CaCl2 reduced food intake acutely (30 min, ∼20%, P < 0.05) compared with control rats, without taste aversion. Plasma PYY concentration was higher (100%, P < 0.05) in CaCl2-preloaded rats than in control rats, 15 min after administration. In anesthetized rats, luminal meal + CaCl2 induced a 4-fold higher increase in plasma PYY than the control treatment did. Oral administration of a calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist suppressed food intake (∼30%, P < 0.05), but CaCl2 and CaSR agonist did not suppress food intake under treatment with a PYY receptor antagonist. Furthermore, the CaSR antagonist attenuated the effect of CaCl2 on food intake. CONCLUSIONS CaCl2 suppresses food intake partly by increasing CaSR-mediated PYY secretion in rats. Our findings could at least partially explain the satiating effect of calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiho Igarashi
- School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shono Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Biostatistics Division, Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Okada
- Biostatistics Division, Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Biostatistics Division, Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Fuji Women's University, Ishikari, Japan
| | - Tohru Hira
- School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Champeil-Potokar G, Crossouard L, Jérôme N, Ouali C, Darcel N, Davidenko O, Rampin O, Bombail V, Denis I. Diet Protein Content and Individual Phenotype Affect Food Intake and Protein Appetence in Rats. J Nutr 2021; 151:1311-1319. [PMID: 33693927 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low-protein diet can induce compensatory intake of excess energy. This must be better evaluated to anticipate the obesogenic risk that may result from the dietary recommendations for reducing animal protein consumption. OBJECTIVES We aimed to further characterize the behavioral and physiological responses to a reduction in dietary protein and to identify the determinants of protein appetite. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats [4 wk old, (mean ± SEM) 135 ± 32 g body weight] were fed a low-protein (LP; 6% energy value) or normal-protein (NP; 20%) diet for 8 wk. Food intake and body mass were measured during the entire intervention. During self-selection sessions after 4 wk of experimental diets, we evaluated rat food preference between LP, NP, or high-protein (HP; 55%) pellets. At the end of the experiment, we assessed their hedonic response [ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs)] and c-Fos neuronal activation in the olfactory tubercle and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) associated with an LP or HP meal. RESULTS Rats fed an LP diet had greater food intake (24%), body weight (5%), and visceral adiposity (30%) than NP rats. All LP rats and half of the NP rats showed a nearly exclusive preference for HP pellets during self-selection sessions, whereas the other half of the NP rats showed no preference. This suggests that the appetite for proteins is driven not only by a low protein status but also by individual traits in NP rats. LP or HP meal induced similar USV emission and similar neuronal activation in the NAcc in feed-deprived LP and NP rats, showing no specific response linked to protein appetite. CONCLUSIONS Protein appetite in rats is driven by low protein status or individual preferences in rats receiving adequate protein amounts. This must be considered and further analyzed, in the context of current recommendations for protein intake reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Champeil-Potokar
- Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behavior Unit (PNCA, UMR 0914), University of Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Lucas Crossouard
- Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behavior Unit (PNCA, UMR 0914), University of Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Jérôme
- Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behavior Unit (PNCA, UMR 0914), University of Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Christian Ouali
- Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behavior Unit (PNCA, UMR 0914), University of Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Darcel
- Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behavior Unit (PNCA, UMR 0914), University of Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Olga Davidenko
- Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behavior Unit (PNCA, UMR 0914), University of Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rampin
- Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behavior Unit (PNCA, UMR 0914), University of Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bombail
- Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behavior Unit (PNCA, UMR 0914), University of Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Denis
- Physiology of Nutrition and Feeding Behavior Unit (PNCA, UMR 0914), University of Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Paris, France
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Clyburn C, Travagli RA, Arnold AC, Browning KN. DMV extrasynaptic NMDA receptors regulate caloric intake in rats. JCI Insight 2021; 6:139785. [PMID: 33764905 PMCID: PMC8262316 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute high-fat diet (aHFD) exposure induces a brief period of hyperphagia before caloric balance is restored. Previous studies have demonstrated that this period of regulation is associated with activation of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors on dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons, which increases vagal control of gastric functions. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that activation of DMV synaptic NMDA receptors occurs subsequent to activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control or high-fat diet for 3-5 days prior to experimentation. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from gastric-projecting DMV neurons; in vivo recordings of gastric motility, tone, compliance, and emptying; and food intake studies were used to assess the effects of NMDA receptor antagonism on caloric regulation. After aHFD exposure, inhibition of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors prevented the synaptic NMDA receptor-mediated increase in glutamatergic transmission to DMV neurons, as well as the increase in gastric tone and motility, while chronic extrasynaptic NMDA receptor inhibition attenuated the regulation of caloric intake. After aHFD exposure, the regulation of food intake involved synaptic NMDA receptor-mediated currents, which occurred in response to extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation. Understanding these events may provide a mechanistic basis for hyperphagia and may identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Mitchell EJ, Frisbie SH, Roudeau S, Carmona A, Ortega R. How much manganese is safe for infants? A review of the scientific basis of intake guidelines and regulations relevant to the manganese content of infant formulas. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65:126710. [PMID: 33450552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has uncovered the potential for excess manganese (Mn) intakes causing significant neurotoxic effects for early brain development. METHODS We identified the Mn tolerable intakes (TI) published by the U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM), World Health Organization (WHO), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire (ANSES), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and examined the primary studies on which regulatory TIs are based. We converted the TIs to μg of Mn/kg/day using standard assumptions specific to each agency. We estimated μg of Mn/kg/day intakes due to formulas. Using our estimates for formula intakes, weights, and kcal content, we converted regulatory maxima and minima from μg of Mn/100 kcals to estimates of μg of Mn/kg/day. RESULTS Except for the proposed ANSES TI for drinking water, none of the primary studies on which Mn intake guidelines and regulations are based measured health outcomes. Some infant formulas may exceed the regulatory TIs, especially if prepared with water containing considerable concentrations of Mn (e.g. 250 μg/L), even while meeting national and international regulatory standards or guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Infant formula regulations must be revised to reduce the potential for excess manganese intakes and the practice of manganese supplementation of infant formulas should be ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Mitchell
- Better Life Laboratories, Inc., 293 George Road, East Calais, VT, USA.
| | - Seth H Frisbie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA.
| | - Stéphane Roudeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170, Gradignan, France.
| | - Asuncion Carmona
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170, Gradignan, France.
| | - Richard Ortega
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170, Gradignan, France.
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