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Chaves FM, Wasinski F, Tavares MR, Mansano NS, Frazao R, Gusmao DO, Quaresma PGF, Pedroso JAB, Elias CF, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Szawka RE, Donato J. Effects of the Isolated and Combined Ablation of Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Receptors in Somatostatin Neurons. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6565600. [PMID: 35395079 PMCID: PMC9070500 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypophysiotropic somatostatin (SST) neurons in the periventricular hypothalamic area express growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) and are frequently considered as the key neuronal population that mediates the negative feedback loop controlling the hypothalamic-GH axis. Additionally, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) may also act at the hypothalamic level to control pituitary GH secretion via long-loop negative feedback. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study so far has tested whether GHR or IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling specifically in SST neurons is required for the homeostatic control of GH secretion. Here we show that GHR ablation in SST neurons did not impact the negative feedback mechanisms that control pulsatile GH secretion or body growth in male and female mice. The sex difference in hepatic gene expression profile was only mildly affected by GHR ablation in SST neurons. Similarly, IGF1R ablation in SST neurons did not affect pulsatile GH secretion, body growth, or hepatic gene expression. In contrast, simultaneous ablation of both GHR and IGF1R in SST-expressing cells increased mean GH levels and pulse amplitude in male and female mice, and partially disrupted the sex differences in hepatic gene expression. Despite the increased GH secretion in double knockout mice, no alterations in body growth and serum or liver IGF-1 levels were observed. In summary, GHR and IGF1R signaling in SST neurons play a redundant role in the control of GH secretion. Furthermore, our results reveal the importance of GH/IGF-1 negative feedback mechanisms on SST neurons for the establishment of sex differences in hepatic gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Chaves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Tavares
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Naira S Mansano
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazao
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela O Gusmao
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João A B Pedroso
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carol F Elias
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701USA
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: Jose Donato Jr, PhD, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508000, Brazil.
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Quaresma PGF, Wasinski F, Mansano NS, Furigo IC, Teixeira PDS, Gusmao DO, Frazao R, Donato J. Leptin Receptor Expression in GABAergic Cells is Not Sufficient to Normalize Metabolism and Reproduction in Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6353267. [PMID: 34402859 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that leptin receptor (LepR) expression in GABAergic neurons is necessary for the biological effects of leptin. However, it is not clear whether LepR expression only in GABAergic neurons is sufficient to prevent the metabolic and neuroendocrine imbalances caused by LepR deficiency. In the present study, we produced mice that express the LepR exclusively in GABAergic cells (LepRVGAT mice) and compared them with wild-type (LepR+/+) and LepR-deficient (LepRNull/Null) mice. Although LepRVGAT mice showed a pronounced reduction in body weight and fat mass, as compared with LepRNull/Null mice, male and female LepRVGAT mice exhibited an obese phenotype relative to LepR+/+ mice. Food intake was normalized in LepRVGAT mice; however, LepRVGAT mice still exhibited lower energy expenditure in both sexes and reduced ambulatory activity in the females, compared with LepR+/+ mice. The acute anorexigenic effect of leptin and hedonic feeding were normalized in LepRVGAT mice despite the hyperleptinemia they present. Although LepRVGAT mice showed improved glucose homeostasis compared with LepRNull/Null mice, both male and female LepRVGAT mice exhibited insulin resistance. In contrast, LepR expression only in GABAergic cells was sufficient to normalize the density of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and α-MSH immunoreactive fibers in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. However, LepRVGAT mice exhibited reproductive dysfunctions, including subfertility in males and alterations in the estrous cycle of females. Taken together, our findings indicate that LepR expression in GABAergic cells, although critical to the physiology of leptin, is insufficient to normalize several metabolic aspects and the reproductive function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G F Quaresma
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Naira S Mansano
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Isadora C Furigo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pryscila D S Teixeira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Daniela O Gusmao
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazao
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Wasinski F, Barrile F, Pedroso JAB, Quaresma PGF, dos Santos WO, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Perelló M, Donato J. Ghrelin-induced Food Intake, but not GH Secretion, Requires the Expression of the GH Receptor in the Brain of Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6273366. [PMID: 33972988 PMCID: PMC8197284 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin stimulates both GH secretion and food intake. The orexigenic action of ghrelin is mainly mediated by neurons that coexpress agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). GH also stimulates food intake and, importantly, ARHAgRP/NPY neurons express GH receptor (GHR). Thus, ghrelin-induced GH secretion may contribute to the orexigenic effect of ghrelin. Here, we investigated the response to ghrelin in male mice carrying GHR ablation specifically in neurons (brain GHR knockout [KO] mice) or exclusively in ARHAgRP/NPY neurons (AgRP GHR KO mice). Although brain GHR KO mice showed normal ghrelin-induced increase in plasma GH levels, these mutants lacked the expected orexigenic response to ghrelin. Additionally, brain GHR KO mice displayed reduced hypothalamic levels of Npy and Ghsr mRNA and did not elicit ghrelin-induced c-Fos expression in the ARH. Furthermore, brain GHR KO mice exhibited a prominent reduction in AgRP fiber density in the ARH and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). In contrast, AgRP GHR KO mice showed no changes in the hypothalamic Npy and Ghsr mRNAs and conserved ghrelin-induced food intake and c-Fos expression in the ARH. AgRP GHR KO mice displayed a reduced AgRP fiber density (~16%) in the PVH, but this reduction was less than that observed in brain GHR KO mice (~61%). Our findings indicate that GHR signaling in the brain is required for the orexigenic effect of ghrelin, independently of GH action on ARHAgRP/NPY neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Wasinski
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA, 1900, Argentina
| | - João A B Pedroso
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Willian O dos Santos
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA, 1900, Argentina
- Correspondence: Mario Perelló, PhD, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Calle 526 S/N entre 10 y 11, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900. Argentina.
| | - Jose Donato
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: Jose Donato Jr., PhD, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil;
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Quaresma PGF, Dos Santos WO, Wasinski F, Metzger M, Donato J. Neurochemical phenotype of growth hormone-responsive cells in the mouse paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1228-1239. [PMID: 32844436 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioral responses are regulated by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Previous studies have shown that PVH neurons express the growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR), although the role of GH signaling on PVH neurons is still unknown. Given the great heterogeneity of cell types located in the PVH, we performed a detailed analysis of the neurochemical identity of GH-responsive cells to understand the possible physiological importance of GH action on PVH neurons. GH-responsive cells were detected via the phosphorylated form of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (pSTAT5) in adult male mice that received an intraperitoneal GH injection. Approximately 51% of GH-responsive cells in the PVH co-localized with the vesicular glutamate transporter 2. Rare co-localizations between pSTAT5 and vesicular GABA transporter or vasopressin were observed, whereas approximately 20% and 38% of oxytocin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) cells, respectively, were responsive to GH in the PVH. Approximately 55%, 35% and 63% of somatostatin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons expressed GH-induced pSTAT5, respectively. Additionally, 8%, 49% and 75% of neuroendocrine TH, TRH and CRH neurons, and 67%, 32% and 74% of nonneuroendocrine TH, TRH and CRH neurons were responsive to GH in the PVH of Fluoro-Gold-injected mice. Our findings suggest that GH action on PVH neurons is involved in the regulation of the thyroid, somatotropic and adrenal endocrine axes, possibly influencing homeostatic and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G F Quaresma
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian O Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Metzger
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Quaresma PGF, Teixeira PDS, Wasinski F, Campos AMP, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Donato J. Cholinergic neurons in the hypothalamus and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus are directly responsive to growth hormone. Life Sci 2020; 259:118229. [PMID: 32781065 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cholinergic neurons are distributed in brain areas containing growth hormone (GH)-responsive cells. We determined if cholinergic neurons are directly responsive to GH and the metabolic consequences of deleting the GH receptor (GHR) specifically in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-expressing cells. MAIN METHODS Mice received an acute injection of GH to detect neurons co-expressing ChAT and phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5), a well-established marker of GH-responsive cells. For the physiological studies, mice carrying ablation of GHR exclusively in ChAT-expressing cells were produced and possible changes in energy and glucose homeostasis were determined when consuming regular chow or high-fat diet (HFD). KEY FINDINGS The majority of cholinergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus (60%) and dorsomedial nucleus (84%) of the hypothalamus are directly responsive to GH. Approximately 34% of pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus also exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. GH-induced pSTAT5 in these ChAT neurons was absent in GHR ChAT knockout mice. Mice carrying ChAT-specific GHR deletion, either in chow or HFD, did not exhibit significant changes in body weight, body adiposity, lean body mass, food intake, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, ambulatory activity, serum leptin levels, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and metabolic responses to 2-deoxy-d-glucose. However, GHR deletion in ChAT neurons caused decreased hypothalamic Pomc mRNA levels in HFD mice. SIGNIFICANCE Cholinergic neurons that regulate the metabolism are directly responsive to GH, although GHR signaling in these cells is not required for energy and glucose homeostasis. Thus, the physiological importance of GH action on cholinergic neurons still needs to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G F Quaresma
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pryscila D S Teixeira
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana M P Campos
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Jose Donato
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
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Furigo IC, Teixeira PDS, Quaresma PGF, Mansano NS, Frazão R, Donato J. STAT5 ablation in AgRP neurons increases female adiposity and blunts food restriction adaptations. J Mol Endocrinol 2020; 64:13-27. [PMID: 31756168 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AgRP neurons are important players in the control of energy homeostasis and are responsive to several hormones. In addition, STAT5 signalling in the brain, which is activated by metabolic hormones and growth factors, modulates food intake, body fat and glucose homeostasis. Given that, and the absence of studies that describe STAT5 function in AgRP cells, the present study investigated the metabolic effects of Stat5a/b gene ablation in these neurons. We observed that STAT5 signalling in AgRP neurons regulates body fat in female mice. However, male and female STAT5-knockout mice did not exhibit altered food intake, energy expenditure or glucose homeostasis compared to control mice. The counter-regulatory response or glucoprivic hyperphagia induced by 2-deoxy-d-glucose treatment were also not affected by AgRP-specific STAT5 ablation. However, under 60% food restriction, AgRP STAT5-knockout mice had a blunted upregulation of hypothalamic Agrp mRNA expression and corticosterone serum levels compared to control mice, suggesting a possible role for STAT5 in AgRP neurons for neuroendocrine adaptations to food restriction. Interestingly, ad libitum fed knockout male mice had reduced Pomc and Ucp-1 mRNA expression compared to control group. Taken together, these results suggest that STAT5 signalling in AgRP neurons regulates body adiposity in female mice, as well as some neuroendocrine adaptations to food restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora C Furigo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pryscila D S Teixeira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naira S Mansano
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazão
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Quaresma PGF, Teixeira PDS, Furigo IC, Wasinski F, Couto GC, Frazão R, List EO, Kopchick JJ, Donato J. Growth hormone/STAT5 signaling in proopiomelanocortin neurons regulates glucoprivic hyperphagia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110574. [PMID: 31494175 PMCID: PMC6814575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several hypothalamic neuronal populations are directly responsive to growth hormone (GH) and central GH action regulates glucose and energy homeostasis. However, the potential role of GH signaling in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons has not been studied yet. Thus, we investigated whether POMC neurons are responsive to GH and if ablation of GH receptor (GHR) or STAT5 in POMC cells leads to metabolic imbalances. Approximately 60% of POMC neurons of the arcuate nucleus exhibited STAT5 phosphorylation after intracerebroventricular GH injection. Ablation of GHR or STAT5 in POMC cells did not affect energy or glucose homeostasis. However, glucoprivic hyperphagia was blunted in male and female GHR knockout mice, and in male POMC-specific STAT5 knockout mice. Additionally, the absence of GHR in POMC neurons decreased glycemia during prolonged food restriction in male mice. Thus, GH action in POMC neurons regulates glucoprivic hyperphagia as well as blood glucose levels during prolonged food restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G F Quaresma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pryscila D S Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Isadora C Furigo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gisele C Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazão
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Üner AG, Keçik O, Quaresma PGF, De Araujo TM, Lee H, Li W, Kim HJ, Chung M, Bjørbæk C, Kim YB. Role of POMC and AgRP neuronal activities on glycaemia in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13068. [PMID: 31506541 PMCID: PMC6736943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin regulates both feeding and glycaemia primarily through its receptors expressed on agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing (POMC) neurons; however, it is unknown whether activity of these neuronal populations mediates the regulation of these processes. To determine this, we injected Cre-dependent designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) viruses into the hypothalamus of normoglycaemic and diabetic AgRP-ires-cre and POMC-cre mice to chemogenetically activate or inhibit these neuronal populations. Despite robust changes in food intake, activation or inhibition of AgRP neurons did not affect glycaemia, while activation caused significant (P = 0.014) impairment in insulin sensitivity. Stimulation of AgRP neurons in diabetic mice reversed leptin’s ability to inhibit feeding but did not counter leptin’s ability to lower blood glucose levels. Notably, the inhibition of POMC neurons stimulated feeding while decreasing glucose levels in normoglycaemic mice. The findings suggest that leptin’s effects on feeding by AgRP neurons are mediated by changes in neuronal firing, while the control of glucose balance by these cells is independent of chemogenetic activation or inhibition. The firing-dependent glucose lowering mechanism within POMC neurons is a potential target for the development of novel anti-diabetic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Göktürk Üner
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Aydin, 09010, Turkey
| | - Onur Keçik
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thiago M De Araujo
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hyon Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Michelle Chung
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christian Bjørbæk
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Koo YD, Lee JS, Lee SA, Quaresma PGF, Bhat R, Haynes WG, Park YJ, Kim YB, Chung SS, Park KS. SUMO-specific protease 2 mediates leptin-induced fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2019; 95:27-35. [PMID: 30902749 PMCID: PMC7398119 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In addition to the central nervous system-mediated action, leptin also directly induces fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Rapid induction of FAO by leptin is mediated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, but the mechanism of prolonged FAO by leptin was previously unknown. In an earlier study, we showed that free fatty acids increase transcription of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) specific protease 2 (SENP2) in skeletal muscle, and that SENP2 stimulates expression of FAO-associated enzymes by deSUMOylating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARδ and PPARγ. In this study, we examine whether SENP2 is involved in prolonged stimulation of FAO by leptin. METHODS The Effect of leptin on expression of SENP2 and on SENP2-mediated FAO was investigated by using western blotting and real time qPCR of C2C12 myotubes, and of C2C12 myotubes in which expression of specific genes was knocked down using siRNAs. Additionally, muscle-specific SENP2 knockout mice were generated to test the involvement of SENP2 in leptin-induced FAO in vivo. RESULTS We show that leptin treatment of C2C12 myotubes causes signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to bind to the Senp2 promoter, inducing SENP2 expression. We also show that leptin increases the binding of PPARδ and PPARγ to PPRE sites in the promoters of two FAO-associated genes: long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1) or carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b (Cpt1b). When SENP2 is knocked down in myotubes, leptin-induced expression of FAO-associated enzymes and prolonged increase of FAO are suppressed, but rapid increase of FAO is unaffected. In addition, leptin-induced expression of FAO-associated enzymes was not observed in muscle tissue of SENP2 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the peripheral actions of leptin on FAO are mediated by two different pathways: AMPK causes a rapid increase in FAO, and SENP2 of the STAT3 pathway causes a slow, prolonged increase in FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Do Koo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ratan Bhat
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - William G Haynes
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Furigo IC, Suzuki MF, Oliveira JE, Ramos-Lobo AM, Teixeira PDS, Pedroso JA, de Alencar A, Zampieri TT, Buonfiglio DC, Quaresma PGF, Prada PO, Bartolini P, Soares CRJ, Donato J. Suppression of Prolactin Secretion Partially Explains the Antidiabetic Effect of Bromocriptine in ob/ob Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:193-204. [PMID: 30462197 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that bromocriptine mesylate (Bromo) lowers blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the mechanism of action of the antidiabetic effects of Bromo is unclear. As a dopamine receptor agonist, Bromo can alter brain dopamine activity affecting glucose control, but it also suppresses prolactin (Prl) secretion, and Prl levels modulate glucose homeostasis. Thus, the objective of the current study was to investigate whether Bromo improves insulin sensitivity via inhibition of Prl secretion. Male and female ob/ob animals (a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance) were treated with Bromo and/or Prl. Bromo-treated ob/ob mice exhibited lower serum Prl concentration, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity in the liver and skeletal muscle compared with vehicle-treated mice. Prl replacement in Bromo-treated mice normalized serum Prl concentration without inducing hyperprolactinemia. Importantly, Prl replacement partially reversed the improvements in glucose homeostasis caused by Bromo treatment. The effects of the Prl receptor antagonist G129R-hPrl on glucose homeostasis were also investigated. We found that central G129R-hPrl infusion increased insulin tolerance of male ob/ob mice. In summary, our findings indicate that part of Bromo effects on glucose homeostasis are associated with decrease in serum Prl levels. Because G129R-hPrl treatment also improved the insulin sensitivity of ob/ob mice, pharmacological compounds that inhibit Prl signaling may represent a promising therapeutic approach to control blood glucose levels in individuals with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora C Furigo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam F Suzuki
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João E Oliveira
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela M Ramos-Lobo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pryscila D S Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João A Pedroso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Alencar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais T Zampieri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniella C Buonfiglio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia O Prada
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Bartolini
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R J Soares
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Prada PO, Quaresma PGF, Caricilli AM, Santos AC, Guadagnini D, Morari J, Weissmann L, Ropelle ER, Carvalheira JBC, Velloso LA, Saad MJA. Statement of Retraction. Tub Has a Key Role in Insulin and Leptin Signaling and Action In Vivo in Hypothalamic Nuclei. Diabetes 2013;62:137-148. DOI: 10.2337/db11-1388. Diabetes 2017; 66:785-786. [PMID: 28188142 PMCID: PMC6905472 DOI: 10.2337/db17-rt03a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Zanotto TM, Quaresma PGF, Guadagnini D, Weissmann L, Santos AC, Vecina JF, Calisto K, Santos A, Prada PO, Saad MJA. Blocking iNOS and endoplasmic reticulum stress synergistically improves insulin resistance in mice. Mol Metab 2016; 6:206-218. [PMID: 28180062 PMCID: PMC5279911 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data show that iNOS has an essential role in ER stress in obesity. However, whether iNOS is sufficient to account for obesity-induced ER stress and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we used iNOS knockout mice to investigate whether high-fat diet (HFD) can still induce residual ER stress-associated insulin resistance. METHODS For this purpose, we used the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT), euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, western blotting and qPCR in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of iNOS KO and control mice on HFD. RESULTS The results of the present study demonstrated that, in HFD fed mice, iNOS-induced alteration in insulin signaling is an essential mechanism of insulin resistance in muscle, suggesting that iNOS may represent an important target that could be blocked in order to improve insulin sensitivity in this tissue. However, in liver and adipose tissue, the insulin resistance induced by HFD was only partially dependent on iNOS, and, even in the presence of genetic or pharmacological blockade of iNOS, a clear ER stress associated with altered insulin signaling remained evident in these tissues. When this ER stress was blocked pharmacologically, insulin signaling was improved, and a complete recovery of glucose tolerance was achieved. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results reinforce the tissue-specific regulation of insulin signaling in obesity, with iNOS being sufficient to account for insulin resistance in muscle, but in liver and adipose tissue ER stress and insulin resistance can be induced by both iNOS-dependent and iNOS-independent mechanisms.
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Key Words
- AKT, Protein kinase B
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- Blocking
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- HFD, high-fat diet
- IKK, kappa α/β kinase
- IRE1, inositol requiring enzyme 1
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- Improving
- Insulin resistance
- JNK, c-JunN-terminal kinase
- NO, nitric oxide
- PERK, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- iNOS
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- qPCR, real time PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lais Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa C Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Vecina
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Calisto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Quaresma PGF, Weissmann L, Zanotto TM, Santos AC, de Matos AHB, Furigo IC, Simabuco FM, Donato J, Bittencourt JC, Lopes-Cendes I, Prada PO. Cdc2-like kinase 2 in the hypothalamus is necessary to maintain energy homeostasis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:268-278. [PMID: 27733761 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the Cdc2-like kinase 2 (CLK2) is expressed in hypothalamic neurons and if it is, whether the hypothalamic CLK2 has a role in the regulation of energy balance. SUBJECTS Swiss mice on chow or high-fat diet (HFD) and db/db mice on chow diet were used to address the role of CLK2 in the hypothalamus. RESULTS Hypothalamic CLK2Thr343 phosphorylation, which induces CLK2 activity, is regulated in vivo by refeeding, insulin and leptin, in a PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)-dependent manner. The reduction of CLK2 expression in the hypothalamus, by chronic pharmacological inhibition with TG003 or by chronic knockdown with small interfering RNA was sufficient to abolish the anorexigenic effect of insulin and leptin, to increase body weight, fat mass, food intake and to decrease energy expenditure in mice on chow. In contrast, CLK2Thr343 phosphorylation in the hypothalamus in response to insulin, leptin or refeeding was impaired in mice on HFD or in db/db mice. Chronic CLK2 inhibition in the hypothalamus was associated with a slight increase in the fasting blood glucose levels, reduction in PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) expression in the liver and enhanced glucose production from pyruvate, suggesting a regulation of hepatic glucose production. Further, overexpressing CLK2 in the mediobasal hypothalami of mice on HFD or in db/db mice by adenovirus partially reversed the obese phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results suggest that protein CLK2 integrates some important hypothalamic pathways, and may be a promising molecule for new therapeutic approaches for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A H B de Matos
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I C Furigo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Simabuco
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Bittencourt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Prada PO, Quaresma PGF, Caricilli AM, Santos AC, Guadagnini D, Morari J, Weissmann L, Ropelle ER, Carvalheira JBC, Velloso LA, Saad MJA. Expression of Concern. Tub Has a Key Role in Insulin and Leptin Signaling and Action In Vivo in Hypothalamic Nuclei. Diabetes 2013;62:137-148. DOI: 10.2337/db11-1388. Diabetes 2016; 65:1121-2. [PMID: 27208021 PMCID: PMC5082414 DOI: 10.2337/db16-ec04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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15
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Quaresma PGF, Reencober N, Zanotto TM, Santos AC, Weissmann L, de Matos AHB, Lopes-Cendes I, Folli F, Saad MJA, Prada PO. Pioglitazone treatment increases food intake and decreases energy expenditure partially via hypothalamic adiponectin/adipoR1/AMPK pathway. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:138-46. [PMID: 26228462 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) enhanced body weight (BW) partially by increased adipogenesis and hyperphagia. Neuronal PPARγ knockout mice on high-fat diet (HFD) are leaner because of enhanced leptin response, although it could be secondary to their leanness. Thus, it still is an open question how TZDs may alter energy balance. Multiple factors regulate food intake (FI) and energy expenditure (EE), including anorexigenic hormones as insulin and leptin. Nonetheless, elevated hypothalamic AMPK activity increases FI and TZDs increase AMPK activity in muscle cells. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether Pioglitazone (PIO) treatment alters hypothalamic insulin and leptin action/signaling, AMPK phosphorylation, and whether these alterations may be implicated in the regulation of FI and EE. METHODS Swiss mice on HFD (2 months) received PIO (25 mg kg(-1) per day-gavage) or vehicle for 14 days. AMPK and AdipoR1 were inhibited via Intracerebroventricular injections using Compound C (CompC) and small interference RNA (siRNA), respectively. Western blot, real-time PCR and CLAMS were done. RESULTS PIO treatment increased BW, adiposity, FI, NPY mRNA and decreased POMC mRNA expression and EE in HFD mice. Despite higher adiposity, PIO treatment improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, decreased insulin and increased adiponectin serum levels. This result was associated with, improved insulin and leptin action/signaling, decreased α2AMPK(Ser491) phosphorylation and elevated Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and AMPK(Thr172) phosphorylation in hypothalamus. The inhibition of hypothalamic AMPK with CompC was associated with decreased adiposity, FI, NPY mRNA and EE in PIO-treated mice. The reduced expression of hypothalamic AdipoR1 with siRNA concomitantly with PIO treatment reverted PIO induced obesity development, suggesting that adiponectin may be involved in this effect. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that PIO, despite improving insulin/leptin action in hypothalamus, increases FI and decreases EE, partially, by activating hypothalamic adiponectin/AdipoR1/AMPK axis. Suggesting a novel mechanism in the hypothalamus by which TZDs increase BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Reencober
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - T M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A H B de Matos
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - I Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - F Folli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Departament of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - P O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
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16
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Weissmann L, Quaresma PGF, Santos AC, de Matos AHB, Pascoal VDB, Zanotto TM, Castro G, Guadagnini D, da Silva JM, Velloso LA, Bittencourt JC, Lopes-Cendes I, Saad MJA, Prada PO. IKKε is key to induction of insulin resistance in the hypothalamus, and its inhibition reverses obesity. Diabetes 2014; 63:3334-45. [PMID: 24812431 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
IKK epsilon (IKKε) is induced by the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Whole-body IKKε knockout mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were protected from insulin resistance and showed altered energy balance. We demonstrate that IKKε is expressed in neurons and is upregulated in the hypothalamus of obese mice, contributing to insulin and leptin resistance. Blocking IKKε in the hypothalamus of obese mice with CAYMAN10576 or small interfering RNA decreased NF-κB activation in this tissue, relieving the inflammatory environment. Inhibition of IKKε activity, but not TBK1, reduced IRS-1(Ser307) phosphorylation and insulin and leptin resistance by an improvement of the IR/IRS-1/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the hypothalamus. These improvements were independent of body weight and food intake. Increased insulin and leptin action/signaling in the hypothalamus may contribute to a decrease in adiposity and hypophagia and an enhancement of energy expenditure accompanied by lower NPY and increased POMC mRNA levels. Improvement of hypothalamic insulin action decreases fasting glycemia, glycemia after pyruvate injection, and PEPCK protein expression in the liver of HFD-fed and db/db mice, suggesting a reduction in hepatic glucose production. We suggest that IKKε may be a key inflammatory mediator in the hypothalamus of obese mice, and its hypothalamic inhibition improves energy and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa C Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H B de Matos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tamires M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Licio A Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jackson C Bittencourt
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Castro G, C Areias MF, Weissmann L, Quaresma PGF, Katashima CK, Saad MJA, Prada PO. Diet-induced obesity induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in the amygdala of rats. FEBS Open Bio 2013; 3:443-9. [PMID: 24251109 PMCID: PMC3829990 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin acts in the hypothalamus, decreasing food intake (FI) by the IR/PI3K/Akt pathway. This pathway is impaired in obese animals and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and low-grade inflammation are possible mechanisms involved in this impairment. Here, we highlighted the amygdala as an important brain region for FI regulation in response to insulin. This regulation was dependent on PI3K/AKT pathway similar to the hypothalamus. Insulin was able to decrease neuropeptide Y (NPY) and increase oxytocin mRNA levels in the amygdala via PI3K, which may contribute to hypophagia. Additionally, obese rats did not reduce FI in response to insulin and AKT phosphorylation was decreased in the amygdala, suggesting insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was associated with ER stress and low-grade inflammation in this brain region. The inhibition of ER stress with PBA reverses insulin action/signaling, decreases NPY and increases oxytocin mRNA levels in the amygdala from obese rats, suggesting that ER stress is probably one of the mechanisms that induce insulin resistance in the amygdala. Lower food intake in response to insulin in the amygdala is dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway. Insulin decreases NPY and increases oxytocin mRNA levels via PI3K in vivo. Insulin receptor and Akt phosphorylation in the amygdala are disrupted in obese rats. Insulin resistance, ER stress and inflammation are present in the amygdala of obese rats. The inhibition of ER stress with PBA reverses insulin resistance in the amygdala from obese rats.
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Key Words
- AGRP, agouti-related peptide
- AMY, amygdala
- Amygdala
- BW, body weight
- CNS, central nervous system
- CRH, corticotrophin-releasing hormone
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress
- FI, food intake
- FKBP51, FK506 binding protein 51
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase
- IKKβ, I kappa B kinase
- IR, insulin receptor
- IRE1α, inositol-requiring kinase alpha
- IRS-1, insulin substrate 1
- Inflammation
- Insulin
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LGI, low-grade inflammation
- NPY
- NPY, neuropeptide Y
- Obesity
- Oxytocin
- PBA, 4-phenyl butyric acid
- PERK, RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER resident kinase
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PKB or Akt, protein kinase B
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Castro
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Caricilli AM, Penteado E, de Abreu LL, Quaresma PGF, Santos AC, Guadagnini D, Razolli D, Mittestainer FC, Carvalheira JB, Velloso LA, Saad MJA, Prada PO. Topiramate treatment improves hypothalamic insulin and leptin signaling and action and reduces obesity in mice. Endocrinology 2012; 153:4401-11. [PMID: 22822160 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Topiramate (TPM) treatment has been shown to reduce adiposity in humans and rodents. The reduction in adiposity is related to decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure. However, the molecular mechanisms through which TPM induces weight loss are contradictory and remain to be clarified. Whether TPM treatment alters hypothalamic insulin, or leptin signaling and action, is not well established. Thus, we investigate herein whether short-term TPM treatment alters energy balance by affecting insulin and leptin signaling, action, or neuropeptide expression in the hypothalamus of mice fed with a high-fat diet. As expected, short-term treatment with TPM diminished adiposity in obese mice mainly due to reduced food intake. TPM increased anorexigenic signaling by enhancing the leptin-induced leptin receptor/Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway and the insulin-induced insulin receptor substrate/Akt/forkhead box O1 pathway in parallel to reduced phosphatase protein expression in the hypothalamus of obese mice. These effects were independent of body weight. TPM also raised anorexigenic neuropeptides such as POMC, TRH, and CRH mRNA levels in obese mice. In addition, TPM increased the activation of the hypothalamic MAPK/ERK pathway induced by leptin, accompanied by an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator α and uncoupling protein 1 protein levels in brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, TPM increased AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase phosphorylation in peripheral tissues, which may help improve energy metabolism in these tissues. Together, these results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms through which TPM treatment reduces adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Caricilli
- Departments of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300 Jardim. Sta Luiza 13484-350, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
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