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Castro G, Mendes NF, Weissmann L, Quaresma PGF, Saad MJA, Prada PO. Multiple metabolic signals in the CeA regulate feeding: The role of AMPK. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 589:112232. [PMID: 38604549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is part of the dopaminergic reward system and controls energy balance. Recently, a cluster of neurons was identified as responsive to the orexigenic effect of ghrelin and fasting. However, the signaling pathway by which ghrelin and fasting induce feeding is unknown. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor, and its Thr172 phosphorylation (AMPKThr172) in the mediobasal hypothalamus regulates food intake. However, whether the expression and activation of AMPK in CeA could be one of the intracellular signaling activated in response to ghrelin and fasting eliciting food intake is unknown. AIM To evaluate the activation of AMPK into CeA in response to ghrelin, fasting, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and whether feeding accompanied these changes. In addition, to investigate whether the inhibition of AMPK into CeA could decrease food intake. METHODS On a chow diet, eight-week-old Wistar male rats were stereotaxically implanted with a cannula in the CeA to inject several modulators of AMPKα1/2Thr172 phosphorylation, and we performed physiological and molecular assays. KEY FINDINGS Fasting increased, and refeeding reduced AMPKThr172 in the CeA. Intra-CeA glucose injection decreased feeding, whereas injection of 2DG, a glucoprivation inductor, in the CeA, increased food intake and blood glucose, despite faint increases in AMPKThr172. Intra-CeA ghrelin injection increased food intake and AMPKThr172. To further confirm the role of AMPK in the CeA, chronic injection of Melanotan II (MTII) in CeA reduced body mass and food intake over seven days together with a slight decrease in AMPKThr172. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings identified that AMPK might be part of the signaling machinery in the CeA, which responds to nutrients and hormones contributing to feeding control. The results can contribute to understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of altered feeding behavior/consumption, such as binge eating of caloric-dense, palatable food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira Mendes
- Department of Translational Medicine (Section of Pharmacology), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Jose Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Oliveira Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil; Biology Institute, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Patel M, Braun J, Lambert G, Kameneva T, Keatch C, Lambert E. Central mechanisms in sympathetic nervous dysregulation in obesity. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:1414-1424. [PMID: 37910522 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00254.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic complications associated with excess adiposity are linked to chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in a high risk of mortality among obese individuals. Obesity-related positive energy balance underlies the progression of hypertension, end-organ damage, and insulin resistance, driven by increased sympathetic tone throughout the body. It is, therefore, important to understand the central network that drives and maintains sustained activation of the sympathetic nervous system in the obese state. Experimental and clinical studies have identified structural changes and altered dynamics in both grey and white matter regions in obesity. Aberrant activation in certain brain regions has been associated with altered reward circuitry and metabolic pathways including leptin and insulin signaling along with adiposity-driven systemic and central inflammation. The impact of these pathways on the brain via overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system has gained interest in the past decade. Primarily, the brainstem, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cortical structures including the insular, orbitofrontal, temporal, cingulate, and prefrontal cortices have been identified in this context. Although the central network involving these structures is much more intricate, this review highlights recent evidence identifying these regions in sympathetic overactivity in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Patel
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joe Braun
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlotte Keatch
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Lambert
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Huerta-Canseco C, Caba M, Camacho-Morales A. Obesity-mediated Lipoinflammation Modulates Food Reward Responses. Neuroscience 2023; 529:37-53. [PMID: 37591331 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) during obesity is associated with the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, a biological process known as lipoinflammation. Systemic and central lipoinflammation accumulates pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in plasma and also in brain, disrupting neurometabolism and cognitive behavior. Obesity-mediated lipoinflammation has been reported in brain regions of the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit leading to alterations in the perception and consumption of ultra-processed foods. While still under investigation, lipoinflammation targets two major outcomes of the mesocorticolimbic circuit during food reward: perception and motivation ("Wanting") and the pleasurable feeling of feeding ("Liking"). This review will provide experimental and clinical evidence supporting the contribution of obesity- or overnutrition-related lipoinflammation affecting the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit and enhancing food reward responses. We will also address neuroanatomical targets of inflammatory profiles that modulate food reward responses during obesity and describe potential cellular and molecular mechanisms of overnutrition linked to addiction-like behavior favored by brain lipoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Neurometabolism Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
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4
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Gladding JM, Bradfield LA, Kendig MD. Diet and obesity effects on cue-driven food-seeking: insights from studies of Pavlovian-instrumental transfer in rodents and humans. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1199887. [PMID: 37424751 PMCID: PMC10325859 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1199887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our modern environment is said to be obesogenic, promoting the consumption of calorically dense foods and reducing energy expenditure. One factor thought to drive excess energy intake is the abundance of cues signaling the availability of highly palatable foods. Indeed, these cues exert powerful influences over food-related decision-making. Although obesity is associated with changes to several cognitive domains, the specific role of cues in producing this shift and on decision-making more generally, remains poorly understood. Here we review the literature examining how obesity and palatable diets affect the ability of Pavlovian cues to influence instrumental food-seeking behaviors by examining rodent and human studies incorporating Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) protocols. There are two types of PIT: (a) general PIT that tests whether cues can energize actions elicited in the pursuit of food generally, and (b) specific PIT which tests whether cues can elicit an action that earns a specific food outcome when faced with a choice. Both types of PIT have been shown to be vulnerable to alterations as a result of changes to diet and obesity. However, effects appear to be driven less by increases in body fat and more by palatable diet exposure per se. We discuss the limitations and implications of the current findings. The challenges for future research are to uncover the mechanisms underlying these alterations to PIT, which appear unrelated to excess weight itself, and to better model the complex determinants of food choice in humans.
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Mendoza-Viveros L, Marmolejo-Gutierrez C, Cid-Castro C, Escalante-Covarrubias Q, Montellier E, Carreño-Vázquez E, Noriega LG, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Tovar AR, Sassone-Corsi P, Aguilar-Arnal L, Orozco-Solis R. Astrocytic circadian clock control of energy expenditure by transcriptional stress responses in the ventromedial hypothalamus. Glia 2023; 71:1626-1647. [PMID: 36919670 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic circuits compute systemic information to control metabolism. Astrocytes residing within the hypothalamus directly sense nutrients and hormones, integrating metabolic information, and modulating neuronal responses. Nevertheless, the role of the astrocytic circadian clock on the control of energy balance remains unclear. We used mice with a targeted ablation of the core-clock gene Bmal1 within Gfap-expressing astrocytes to gain insight on the role played by this transcription factor in astrocytes. While this mutation does not substantially affect the phenotype in mice fed normo-caloric diet, under high-fat diet we unmasked a thermogenic phenotype consisting of increased energy expenditure, and catabolism in brown adipose and overall metabolic improvement consisting of better glycemia control, and body composition. Transcriptomic analysis in the ventromedial hypothalamus revealed an enhanced response to moderate cellular stress, including ER-stress response, unfolded protein response and autophagy. We identified Xbp1 and Atf1 as two key transcription factors enhancing cellular stress responses. Therefore, we unveiled a previously unknown role of the astrocytic circadian clock modulating energy balance through the regulation of cellular stress responses within the VMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
| | | | - Carolina Cid-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
| | | | | | | | - Lilia G Noriega
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Armando R Tovar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
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Marcos JL, Olivares-Barraza R, Ceballo K, Wastavino M, Ortiz V, Riquelme J, Martínez-Pinto J, Muñoz P, Cruz G, Sotomayor-Zárate R. Obesogenic Diet-Induced Neuroinflammation: A Pathological Link between Hedonic and Homeostatic Control of Food Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021468. [PMID: 36674982 PMCID: PMC9866213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced neuroinflammation is a chronic aseptic central nervous system inflammation that presents systemic characteristics associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) and the presence of microglia and reactive astrogliosis as well as the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The obesity pandemic is associated with lifestyle changes, including an excessive intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH), lateral septum (LS), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been implicated in the homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. In this context, a chronic lipid intake triggers neuroinflammation in several brain regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. This review aims to present the background defining the significant impact of neuroinflammation and how this, when induced by an obesogenic diet, can affect feeding control, triggering metabolic and neurological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Marcos
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Veterinarias, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Rossy Olivares-Barraza
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Karina Ceballo
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Melisa Wastavino
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Víctor Ortiz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Julio Riquelme
- Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Neurología Traslacional (CENTRAS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Neurología Traslacional (CENTRAS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-32-2508050
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De Felice FG, Gonçalves RA, Ferreira ST. Impaired insulin signalling and allostatic load in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:215-230. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Yang CH, Ann-Onda D, Lin X, Fynch S, Nadarajah S, Pappas EG, Liu X, Scott JW, Oakhill JS, Galic S, Shi Y, Moreno-Asso A, Smith C, Loudovaris T, Levinger I, Eizirik DL, Laybutt DR, Herzog H, Thomas HE, Loh K. Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonism protects β-cells and improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2021; 55:101413. [PMID: 34890851 PMCID: PMC8733231 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loss of functional β-cell mass is a key factor contributing to poor glycemic control in advanced type 2 diabetes (T2D). We have previously reported that the inhibition of the neuropeptide Y1 receptor improves the islet transplantation outcome in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to identify the pathophysiological role of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system in human T2D and further evaluate the therapeutic potential of using the Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 to improve β-cell function and survival in T2D. METHODS The gene expression of the NPY system in human islets from nondiabetic subjects and subjects with T2D was determined and correlated with the stimulation index. The glucose-lowering and β-cell-protective effects of BIBO3304, a selective orally bioavailable Y1 receptor antagonist, in high-fat diet (HFD)/multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and genetically obese (db/db) T2D mouse models were assessed. RESULTS In this study, we identified a more than 2-fold increase in NPY1R and its ligand, NPY mRNA expression in human islets from subjects with T2D, which was significantly associated with reduced insulin secretion. Consistently, the pharmacological inhibition of Y1 receptors by BIBO3304 significantly protected β cells from dysfunction and death under multiple diabetogenic conditions in islets. In a preclinical study, we demonstrated that the inhibition of Y1 receptors by BIBO3304 led to reduced adiposity and enhanced insulin action in the skeletal muscle. Importantly, the Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 treatment also improved β-cell function and preserved functional β-cell mass, thereby resulting in better glycemic control in both HFD/multiple low-dose STZ-induced and db/db T2D mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a novel causal link between increased islet NPY-Y1 receptor gene expression and β-cell dysfunction and failure in human T2D, contributing to the understanding of the pathophysiology of T2D. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the inhibition of the Y1 receptor by BIBO3304 represents a potential β-cell-protective therapy for improving functional β-cell mass and glycemic control in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Yang
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| | - Danise Ann-Onda
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Stacey Fynch
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | | | - Evan G Pappas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - John W Scott
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Sandra Galic
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Yanchuan Shi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
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Han T, Ko E, Kim M, Choi M, Lee C, Kim IH, Shin S, Um MY. Mori Ramulus Inhibits Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis and Prevents Insulin Resistance by Restoring Hepatic Mitochondrial Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:901. [PMID: 34204891 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic beta (β)-cell dysfunction. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may cause insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. As commercial hypoglycemic drugs have side effects, it is necessary to develop safe and effective natural compound-based hypoglycemic treatments. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Mori Ramulus ethanol extract (ME) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes mouse model to decipher the underlying mechanisms focusing on apoptosis and mitochondrial function. ME significantly decreased tunicamycin-induced apoptotic cell death and increased insulin secretion following glucose stimulation in NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells. Tunicamycin-exposed NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells showed elevated reactive oxygen species levels and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, which were reversed by ME treatment. ME inhibited the tunicamycin-induced apoptosis cascade in tunicamycin-exposed NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells. In HFD diabetic mice, the serum-free fatty acid and insulin levels decreased following a 15-week ME administration. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed that ME improved insulin sensitivity. Moreover, ME ameliorated pancreatic β-cell mass loss in diabetic mice. Finally, ME-treated HFD-fed mice showed improved hepatic mitochondrial function resulting in insulin sensitivity in target tissues. Thus, ME provides protection against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and prevents insulin resistance by improving mitochondrial function.
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Mitchell CS, Begg DP. The regulation of food intake by insulin in the central nervous system. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12952. [PMID: 33656205 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Food intake and energy expenditure are regulated by peripheral signals providing feedback on nutrient status and adiposity to the central nervous system. One of these signals is the pancreatic hormone, insulin. Unlike peripheral administration of insulin, which often causes weight gain, central administration of insulin leads to a reduction in food intake and body weight when administered long-term. This is a result of feedback processes in regions of the brain that regulate food intake. Within the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains subpopulations of neurones that produce orexinergic neuropeptides agouti-related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) and anorexigenic neuropeptides, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)/cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin down-regulates the expression of AgRP/NPY at the same time as up-regulating expression of POMC/CART. Recent evidence suggests that insulin activity within the amygdala may play an important role in regulating energy balance. Insulin infusion into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) can decrease food intake, possibly by modulating activity of NPY and other neurone subpopulations. Insulin signalling within the CeA can also influence stress-induced obesity. Overall, it is evident that the CeA is a critical target for insulin signalling and the regulation of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denovan P Begg
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Binayi F, Zardooz H, Ghasemi R, Hedayati M, Askari S, Pouriran R, Sahraei M. The chemical chaperon 4-phenyl butyric acid restored high-fat diet- induced hippocampal insulin content and insulin receptor level reduction along with spatial learning and memory deficits in male rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 231:113312. [PMID: 33412188 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of a chronic high-fat diet (HFD) on plasma and hippocampal insulin and corticosterone levels, the hippocampus insulin receptor amount, and spatial learning and memory with or without receiving 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) in male rats. Rats were divided into high-fat and normal diet groups, then each group was subdivided into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 4-PBA groups. After weaning, the rats were fed with HFD for 20 weeks. Then, 4-PBA or DMSO were injected for 3 days. Subsequently, oral glucose tolerance test was done. On the following day, spatial memory tests were performed. Then the hippocampus Bip, Chop, insulin, corticosterone, and insulin receptor levels were determined. HFD increased plasma glucose, leptin and corticosterone concentrations, hippocampus Bip, Chop and corticosterone levels, food intake, abdominal fat weight and body weight along with impaired glucose tolerance. It decreased plasma insulin, and insulin content, and its receptor amount in hippocampus. HFD lengthened escape latency and shortened the duration spent in target zone. 4-PBA administration improved the HFD- induced adverse changes. Chronic HFD possibly through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent changes in the levels of hippocampal corticosterone, insulin and insulin receptor along with possible leptin resistance caused spatial learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Binayi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Askari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sahraei
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Coker CR, Keller BN, Arnold AC, Silberman Y. Impact of High Fat Diet and Ethanol Consumption on Neurocircuitry Regulating Emotional Processing and Metabolic Function. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:601111. [PMID: 33574742 PMCID: PMC7870708 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.601111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of psychiatry disorders such as anxiety and depression has steadily increased in recent years in the United States. This increased risk for anxiety and depression is associated with excess weight gain, which is often due to over-consumption of western diets that are typically high in fat, as well as with binge eating disorders, which often overlap with overweight and obesity outcomes. This finding suggests that diet, particularly diets high in fat, may have important consequences on the neurocircuitry regulating emotional processing as well as metabolic functions. Depression and anxiety disorders are also often comorbid with alcohol and substance use disorders. It is well-characterized that many of the neurocircuits that become dysregulated by overconsumption of high fat foods are also involved in drug and alcohol use disorders, suggesting overlapping central dysfunction may be involved. Emerging preclinical data suggest that high fat diets may be an important contributor to increased susceptibility of binge drug and ethanol intake in animal models, suggesting diet could be an important aspect in the etiology of substance use disorders. Neuroinflammation in pivotal brain regions modulating metabolic function, food intake, and binge-like behaviors, such as the hypothalamus, mesolimbic dopamine circuits, and amygdala, may be a critical link between diet, ethanol, metabolic dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric conditions. This brief review will provide an overview of behavioral and physiological changes elicited by both diets high in fat and ethanol consumption, as well as some of their potential effects on neurocircuitry regulating emotional processing and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R. Coker
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bailey N. Keller
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Amy C. Arnold
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuval Silberman
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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13
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Lee NJ, Herzog H. Coordinated regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis by insulin and the NPY system. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 33:e12925. [PMID: 33427385 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a major contributor to many important physiological processes. Although its function in the periphery has been studied in detail, the contributions that it makes to functions in the brain are far less understood. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurones comprise a major target of insulin in the brain and are inhibited by its action. In particular, NPY neurones in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are critical control centres for insulin's central action on control energy homeostasis, as well as glucose homeostasis regulation. However, the colocalisation of insulin receptors with NPY neurones is also found in many other brain areas, although very little is known about their interactions and control functions. In this review, we explore the recent advances that have been made to further the understanding of the hypothalamic insulin receptor-NPY network, as well as provide insights from other lesser explored areas, such as the amygdala and hippocampus. We will also look at the peripheral interaction of the NPY system with insulin release, thereby closing the loop between these two energy and glucose homeostasis controlling systems and highlighting the critical interaction points that may be dysregulated in conditions of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Lee
- Eating Disorder Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Eating Disorder Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Mullins CA, Gannaban RB, Khan MS, Shah H, Siddik MAB, Hegde VK, Reddy PH, Shin AC. Neural Underpinnings of Obesity: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101018. [PMID: 33092099 PMCID: PMC7589608 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence is increasing at an unprecedented rate throughout the world, and is a strong risk factor for metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological/neurodegenerative disorders. While low-grade systemic inflammation triggered primarily by adipose tissue dysfunction is closely linked to obesity, inflammation is also observed in the brain or the central nervous system (CNS). Considering that the hypothalamus, a classical homeostatic center, and other higher cortical areas (e.g. prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, hippocampus, etc.) also actively participate in regulating energy homeostasis by engaging in inhibitory control, reward calculation, and memory retrieval, understanding the role of CNS oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity and their underlying mechanisms would greatly help develop novel therapeutic interventions to correct obesity and related comorbidities. Here we review accumulating evidence for the association between ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, the main culprits responsible for oxidative stress and inflammation in various brain regions, and energy imbalance that leads to the development of obesity. Potential beneficial effects of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds on CNS health and obesity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn A. Mullins
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.A.M.); (R.B.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Ritchel B. Gannaban
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.A.M.); (R.B.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Md Shahjalal Khan
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.K.); (M.A.B.S.); (V.K.H.)
| | - Harsh Shah
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.A.M.); (R.B.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Md Abu B. Siddik
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.K.); (M.A.B.S.); (V.K.H.)
| | - Vijay K. Hegde
- Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.K.); (M.A.B.S.); (V.K.H.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Andrew C. Shin
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.A.M.); (R.B.G.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-834-1713
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15
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Zhou H, Zhou SY, Gillilland M, Li JY, Lee A, Gao J, Zhang G, Xu X, Owyang C. Bile acid toxicity in Paneth cells contributes to gut dysbiosis induced by high-fat feeding. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138881. [PMID: 33055426 PMCID: PMC7605541 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat feeding (HFF) leads to gut dysbiosis through unclear mechanisms. We hypothesize that bile acids secreted in response to high-fat diets (HFDs) may act on intestinal Paneth cells, leading to gut dysbiosis. We found that HFF resulted in widespread taxonomic shifts in the bacteria of the ileal mucosa, characterized by depletion of Lactobacillus and enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium XIVa, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, which were prevented by the bile acid binder cholestyramine. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies showed that G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) expressed in Paneth cells was upregulated in the rats fed HFD or normal chow supplemented with cholic acid. This was accompanied by decreased lysozyme+ Paneth cells and α-defensin 5 and 6 and increased expression of XBP-1. Pretreatment with ER stress inhibitor 4PBA or with cholestyramine prevented these changes. Ileal explants incubated with deoxycholic acid or cholic acid caused a decrease in α-defensin 5 and 6 and an increase in XBP-1, which was prevented by TGR5 antibody or 4PBA. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration to our knowledge that TGR5 is expressed in Paneth cells. HFF resulted in increased bile acid secretion and upregulation of TGR5 expression in Paneth cells. Bile acid toxicity in Paneth cells contributes to gut dysbiosis induced by HFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yi Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Merritt Gillilland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Allen Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jun Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guanpo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chung Owyang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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16
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Zhang J, Yang P, Wang H, Huang Q, Chen T, Li N, Zhang H, Liu Z. N-3 PUFAs inhibited hepatic ER stress induced by feeding of a high-saturated fat diet accompanied by the expression LOX-1. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 88:108481. [PMID: 32853678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of saturated fat leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is attenuated by supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is crucial in the development of NAFLD, but how high-saturated fat diet (HFD) causes ER stress and NAFLD remains unclear. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is involved in hepatic ER stress. We aimed to explore the roles of LOX-1 in HFD-induced ER stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an HFD without or with supplementation of fish oil for 16 weeks. The effects of n-3 PUFAs on hepatic ER stress degrees and the expression levels of LOX-1 were examined. Then human L02 hepatoma cells were treated with palmitate or palmitate and DHA to determine the ER stress and LOX-1 expression levels in vitro. After that the expression of LOX-1 in L02 cells was either knocked-down or overexpressed to analyze the roles of LOX-1 in palmitate-induced ER stress. The feeding of HFD induced NAFLD development and ER stress in the liver, and LOX-1 expressing level, which were all reversed by fish oil supplementation. In vitro, DHA treatment reduced the expression of LOX-1, and palmitate-induced ER stress. SiRNA-mediated knock-down of LOX-1 inhibited palmitate-induced ER stress, whereas overexpression of LOX-1 dramatically induced ER stress in L02 cells.LOX-1 is critical for HFD-induced ER stress, and inhibition of its expression under the treatment of n-3 PUFAs could ameliorate HFD-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Zhang
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hualin Wang
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Na Li
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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17
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Martínez Leo EE, Rojas Herrera RA, Segura Campos MR. Biopeptides with Neuroprotective Effect in the Treatment of Neuroinflammation Induced by Adiposity-based Chronic Disease. Food Reviews International 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1762639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Soto-Covasich J, Reyes-Farias M, Torres R, Vasquez K, Duarte L, Quezada J, Jimenez P, Pino M, Garcia-Nannig L, Mercado L, Garcia-Diaz D. A polyphenol-rich Calafate (Berberis microphylla) extract rescues glucose tolerance in mice fed with cafeteria diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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19
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Hankir MK, Rullmann M, Seyfried F, Preusser S, Poppitz S, Heba S, Gousias K, Hoyer J, Schütz T, Dietrich A, Müller K, Pleger B. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery progressively alters radiologic measures of hypothalamic inflammation in obese patients. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131329. [PMID: 31465301 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increased interest in whether bariatric surgeries such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) achieve their profound weight-lowering effects in morbidly obese individuals through the brain. Hypothalamic inflammation is a well-recognized etiologic factor in obesity pathogenesis and so represents a potential target of RYGB, but clinical evidence in support of this is limited. We therefore assessed hypothalamic T2-weighted signal intensities (T2W SI) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values, 2 validated radiologic measures of brain inflammation, in relation to BMI and fat mass, as well as circulating inflammatory (C-reactive protein; CrP) and metabolic markers in a cohort of 27 RYGB patients at baseline and 6 and 12 months after surgery. We found that RYGB progressively increased hypothalamic T2W SI values, while it progressively decreased hypothalamic FA values. Regression analyses further revealed that this could be most strongly linked to plasma CrP levels, which independently predicted hypothalamic FA values when adjusting for age, sex, fat mass, and diabetes diagnosis. These findings suggest that RYGB has a major time-dependent impact on hypothalamic inflammation status, possibly by attenuating peripheral inflammation. They also suggest that hypothalamic FA values may provide a more specific radiologic measure of hypothalamic inflammation than more commonly used T2W SI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- IFB AdiposityDiseases and.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centre 1052 in Obesity Mechanisms, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Preusser
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sindy Poppitz
- IFB AdiposityDiseases and.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Konstantinos Gousias
- Department of Neurosurgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jana Hoyer
- Department of Behavioral Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Arne Dietrich
- IFB AdiposityDiseases and.,Department of Bariatric Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Müller
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Burkhard Pleger
- IFB AdiposityDiseases and.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centre 1052 in Obesity Mechanisms, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology and
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20
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Ip CK, Zhang L, Farzi A, Qi Y, Clarke I, Reed F, Shi YC, Enriquez R, Dayas C, Graham B, Begg D, Brüning JC, Lee NJ, Hernandez-Sanchez D, Gopalasingam G, Koller J, Tasan R, Sperk G, Herzog H. Amygdala NPY Circuits Promote the Development of Accelerated Obesity under Chronic Stress Conditions. Cell Metab 2019; 30:111-128.e6. [PMID: 31031093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) exerts a powerful orexigenic effect in the hypothalamus. However, extra-hypothalamic nuclei also produce NPY, but its influence on energy homeostasis is unclear. Here we uncover a previously unknown feeding stimulatory pathway that is activated under conditions of stress in combination with calorie-dense food; NPY neurons in the central amygdala are responsible for an exacerbated response to a combined stress and high-fat-diet intervention. Central amygdala NPY neuron-specific Npy overexpression mimics the obese phenotype seen in a combined stress and high-fat-diet model, which is prevented by the selective ablation of Npy. Using food intake and energy expenditure as readouts, we demonstrate that selective activation of central amygdala NPY neurons results in increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure. Mechanistically, it is the diminished insulin signaling capacity on central amygdala NPY neurons under combined stress and high-fat-diet conditions that leads to the exaggerated development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kin Ip
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yue Qi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ireni Clarke
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Felicia Reed
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ronaldo Enriquez
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Chris Dayas
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Bret Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Denovan Begg
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicola J Lee
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Diana Hernandez-Sanchez
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Gopana Gopalasingam
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Julia Koller
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ramon Tasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Günther Sperk
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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21
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Ettcheto M, Cano A, Busquets O, Manzine PR, Sánchez-López E, Castro-Torres RD, Beas-Zarate C, Verdaguer E, García ML, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Folch J, Camins A. A metabolic perspective of late onset Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104255. [PMID: 31075308 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After decades of research, the molecular neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still one of the hot topics in biomedical sciences. Some studies suggest that soluble amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers act as causative agents in the development of AD and could be initiators of its complex neurodegenerative cascade. On the other hand, there is also evidence pointing to Aβ oligomers as mere aggravators, with an arguable role in the origin of the disease. In this line of research, the relative contribution of soluble Aβ oligomers to neuronal damage associated with metabolic disorders such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and obesity is being actively investigated. Some authors have proposed the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) as important mechanisms leading to an increase in Aβ production and the activation of neuroinflammatory processes. Following this line of thought, these mechanisms could also cause cognitive impairment. The present review summarizes the current understanding on the neuropathological role of Aβ associated with metabolic alterations induced by an obesogenic high fat diet (HFD) intake. It is believed that the combination of these two elements has a synergic effect, leading to the impairement of ER and mitochondrial functions, glial reactivity status alteration and inhibition of insulin receptor (IR) signalling. All these metabolic alterations would favour neuronal malfunction and, eventually, neuronal death by apoptosis, hence causing cognitive impairment and laying the foundations for late-onset AD (LOAD). Moreover, since drugs enhancing the activation of cerebral insulin pathway can constitute a suitable strategy for the prevention of AD, we also discuss the scope of therapeutic approaches such as intranasal administration of insulin in clinical trials with AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Ettcheto
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Regina Manzine
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén D Castro-Torres
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Mexico
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Mexico
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luisa García
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Unitat de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Kariya T, Takahashi K, Itagaki D, Hasegawa Y. Scallop mantle extract inhibits insulin signaling in HepG2 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2159-2166. [PMID: 31289664 PMCID: PMC6593379 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scallops are important marine products in Hokkaido, Japan. Not only scallop adductor muscle but also mantle is often eaten at sashimi or smoking in Japan. We showed previously that feeding the scallop mantle epithelial cell layer causes an increase in serum glucose concentration and the death of rats. To clarify the mechanism of glucose metabolism disorder by mantle epithelial cell layer, we investigated whether extracts from mantle tissue (mantle extract) induce insulin resistance using HepG2 cells. Mantle extract suppressed insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, key protein which is involved in insulin signaling. In addition, treatment of HepG2 cells with mantle extract decreased significantly glycogen content and mRNA expression levels of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) involved in gluconeogenesis, suggesting that mantle extract inhibits insulin signaling. These results show that mantle extract inhibits insulin signaling in HepG2 cells, suggesting that an increase in serum glucose concentration in vivo may be due to the inhibition of insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Kariya
- College of Environmental TechnologyMuroran Institute of TechnologyMuroranJapan
| | - Koto Takahashi
- College of Environmental TechnologyMuroran Institute of TechnologyMuroranJapan
| | - Daisuke Itagaki
- College of Environmental TechnologyMuroran Institute of TechnologyMuroranJapan
| | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- College of Environmental TechnologyMuroran Institute of TechnologyMuroranJapan
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23
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Ayyadevara S, Ganne A, Hendrix RD, Balasubramaniam M, Shmookler Reis RJ, Barger SW. Functional assessments through novel proteomics approaches: Application to insulin/IGF signaling in neurodegenerative disease'. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 319:40-46. [PMID: 30412730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Events that instigate disease may involve biochemical events distinct from changes in the steady-state levels of proteins. Even chronic degenerative disorders appear to involve changes such as post-translational modifications. NEW METHOD We have begun a series of proteomics analyses on proteins that have been fractionated by functional status. Because Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with metabolic perturbations such as Type-2 diabetes, fractionation hinged on binding to phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate (PIP3), key to insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling. We compared mice on normal chow to counterparts subjected to diet-induced obesity (DIO) or to mice expressing human Aβ1-42 from a transgene. RESULTS The prevailing phenotypic finding in either experimental group was loss of PIP3 binding. Of the 1228 proteins that showed valid PIP3 binding in any group of mice, 55% exhibited a significant quantitative difference in the number of spectral counts as a function of DIO, 63% as function of the Aβ transgene, and 79% as a function of either variable. There was remarkable overlap among the proteins altered in the two experimental groups, and pathway analysis indicated effects on proteostasis, apoptosis, and synaptic vesicles. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Most proteomics approaches only identify differences in the steady-state levels of proteins. Our overlay of a functional distinction permits new levels of discovery that may achieve novel insights into physiology in an unbiased and inclusive manner. CONCLUSIONS Proteomics analyses have revolutionized the discovery phase of biomedical research but are conventionally limited in scope. The creative use of fractionation prior to proteomic discovery is likely to provide important insights into AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Ayyadevara
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
| | - Akshatha Ganne
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States; BioInformatics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Rachel D Hendrix
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States
| | | | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States; BioInformatics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States
| | - Steven W Barger
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States; Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
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24
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Kalpana K, Priyadarshini E, Sreeja S, Jagan K, Anuradha CV. Scopoletin intervention in pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by lipotoxicity. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:857-869. [PMID: 29574508 PMCID: PMC6111101 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a dynamic organelle, plays an essential role in organizing the signaling pathways involved in cellular adaptation, resilience, and survival. Impairment in the functions of ER occurs in a variety of nutritive disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here, we hypothesize that (scopoletin) SPL, a coumarin, has the potential to alleviate ER stress induced in vitro and in vivo models by lipotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, the ability of SPL to restore the levels of proteins of ER stress was analyzed. Rat insulinoma 5f (RIN5f) cells and Sprague Dawley rats were the models used for this study. Groups of control and high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFFD)-fed rats were treated with either SPL or 4-phenylbutyric acid. Status of ER stress was enumerated by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical studies. Proximal proteins of ER stress inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), protein kinase like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) were reduced in the β-cells by SPL. The subsequent signaling proteins X-box binding protein 1, eukaryotic initiation factor2α, activating transcription factor 4, and C/EBP homologous protein were also suppressed in their expression levels when treated with SPL. IRE1, PERK signaling leads to c-Jun-N-terminal kinases phosphorylation, a kinase that interrupts insulin signaling, which was also reverted upon scopoletin treatment. Finally, we confirm that SPL has the ability to suppress the stress proteins and limit pancreatic ER stress which might help in delaying the progression of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivanan Kalpana
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Emayavaramban Priyadarshini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - S Sreeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Kalivarathan Jagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Carani Venkatraman Anuradha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India.
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25
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Lee J, Hong SW, Kwon H, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Park CY, Oh KW, Park SW, Lee WY. Exendin-4 improves ER stress-induced lipid accumulation and regulates lipin-1 signaling in HepG2 cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:629-638. [PMID: 29934713 PMCID: PMC6045528 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 performs dual function during lipid metabolism, i.e., it functions as a transcriptional coactivator and as a phosphatidate phosphatase during triglyceride biosynthesis. We investigated whether exendin-4 prevented endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced hepatic steatosis and whether the protective effects of exendin-4 were associated with lipin-1 signaling. Tunicamycin and thapsigargin, ER stress inducers, increased triglycerides (TG) content and expression of genes encoding lipid droplet surface proteins. Exendin-4 decreased the expression of ER stress markers phosphorylated PKR like ER kinase (PERK), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), and glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) proteins and spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1s) mRNA and increased the expression of genes encoding lipolytic enzymes hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) and VLDL assembly-associated proteins microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and apolipoprotein B (APOB) in tunicamycin-pretreated cells. Moreover, exendin-4 significantly decreased lipin-1β/α ratio by increasing SFRP10 and increased lipin-1 nuclear localization. The decrease in lipin-1β/α ratio was also observed in SIRT1 and AMPK agonist-treated cells. These data suggest that exendin-4 improves ER stress-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by increasing lipolysis and VLDL assembly, which is partially mediated by the regulation of lipin-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Lee
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Woo Hong
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Oh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #29 Seamunan-ro, Jongro-Ku, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Li F, Liu BB, Cai M, Li JJ, Lou SJ. Excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress and decreased neuroplasticity-associated proteins in prefrontal cortex of obese rats and the regulatory effects of aerobic exercise. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Bor A, Nishijo M, Nishimaru H, Nakamura T, Tran NN, Van Le Q, Takamura Y, Matsumoto J, Nishino Y, Nishijo H. Effects of high fat diet and perinatal dioxin exposure on development of body size and expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in the rat brain. J Integr Neurosci 2018; 16:453-470. [PMID: 28891521 DOI: 10.3233/jin-170025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure to dioxins, consumption of a high fat diet, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β signaling in the brain affect feeding behavior, which is an important determinant of body growth. In the present study, we investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and high fact diet after weaning on body growth and expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in the brain in rat pups. Subjects from the control and dioxin exposure groups were assigned to 1 of 3 different diet groups: standard diet, high fat diet in the juvenile period, or high fat diet in adulthood. Body weight gain rate in the juvenile high fat diet group and the length gain rate in the adult high fat diet group were greater than the corresponding values in the standard diet group only in male offspring, although the effects of dioxin exposure on growth were not significant. Consumption of a high fat diet decreased platelet-derived growth factor receptor β levels in the amygdala and hippocampus in both sexes compared to control groups, while 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin decreased platelet-derived growth factor receptor platelet-derived growth factor receptor β levels in the amygdala and striatum only in females receiving an high fat diet. Furthermore, platelet-derived growth factor receptor β levels in the hippocampus and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β striatum were inversely correlated with increases in body length, while changes in platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens were significantly correlated to body weight gain or body mass index. In conclusion, these findings suggest that these 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and high fat diet-induced changes in body growth and feeding behaviors might be partially mediated by changes in brain platelet-derived growth factor receptor β levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amartuvshin Bor
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. E-mails: , , , , , ,
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. E-mails: , ,
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. E-mails: , , , , , ,
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. E-mails: , , , , , ,
| | - Nghi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. E-mails: , ,
| | - Quang Van Le
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. E-mails: , , , , , ,
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. E-mails: , , , , , ,
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. E-mails: , , , , , ,
| | - Yoshikazu Nishino
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. E-mails: , ,
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. E-mails: , , , , , ,
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28
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Sherzai AZ, Shaheen M, Yu JJ, Talbot K, Sherzai D. Insulin resistance and cognitive test performance in elderly adults: National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES). J Neurol Sci 2018; 388:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Pedro MN, Rocha GZ, Guadagnini D, Santos A, Magro DO, Assalin HB, Oliveira AG, Pedro RDJ, Saad MJA. Insulin Resistance in HIV-Patients: Causes and Consequences. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:514. [PMID: 30233499 PMCID: PMC6133958 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we review how immune activation and insulin resistance contribute to the metabolic alterations observed in HIV-infected patients, and how these alterations increase the risk of developing CVD. The introduction and evolution of antiretroviral drugs over the past 25 years has completely changed the clinical prognosis of HIV-infected patients. The deaths of these individuals are now related to atherosclerotic CVDs, rather than from the viral infection itself. However, HIV infection, cART, and intestinal microbiota are associated with immune activation and insulin resistance, which can lead to the development of a variety of diseases and disorders, especially with regards to CVDs. The increase in LPS and proinflammatory cytokines circulating levels and intracellular mechanisms activate serine kinases, resulting in insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) serine phosphorylation and consequently a down regulation in insulin signaling. While lifestyle modifications and pharmaceutical interventions can be employed to treat these altered metabolic functions, the mechanisms involved in the development of these chronic complications remain largely unresolved. The elucidation and understanding of these mechanisms will give rise to new classes of drugs that will further improve the quality of life of HIV-infected patients, over the age of 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N. Pedro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z. Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniela O. Magro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Heloisa B. Assalin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Rogerio de Jesus Pedro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mario J. A. Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mario J. A. Saad
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Sarfert KS, Knabe ML, Gunawansa NS, Blythe SN. Western-style diet induces object recognition deficits and alters complexity of dendritic arborization in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of male rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:344-353. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1388557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S. Sarfert
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington St., Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Melina L. Knabe
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington St., Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Nicole S. Gunawansa
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington St., Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Sarah N. Blythe
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington St., Lexington, VA 24450, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington St., Lexington, VA 24450, USA
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Joung H, Kim B, Park H, Lee K, Kim HH, Sim HC, Do HJ, Hyun CK, Do MS. Fermented Moringa oleifera Decreases Hepatic Adiposity and Ameliorates Glucose Intolerance in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2017; 20:439-447. [PMID: 28504910 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as glucose intolerance and nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD), are primary risk factors for life-threatening conditions such as diabetes, heart attack, stroke, and hepatic cancer. Extracts from the tropical tree Moringa oleifera show antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Fermentation can further improve the safety and nutritional value of certain foods. We investigated the efficacy of fermented M. oleifera extract (FM) against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic lipid accumulation and investigated the underlying mechanisms by analyzing expression of proteins and genes involved in glucose and lipid regulation. C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal chow diet (ND) or HFD supplemented with distilled water (DW, control), nonfermented M. oleifera extract (NFM), or FM for 10 weeks. Although body weights were similar among HFD-fed treatment groups, liver weight was decreased, and glucose tolerance test (GTT) results improved in the FM group compared with DW and NFM groups. Hepatic lipid accumulation was also lower in the FM group, and expressions of genes involved in liver lipid metabolism were upregulated. In addition, HFD-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity in quadriceps muscles were decreased by FM. Finally, proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression was decreased by FM in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, and quadriceps of HFD-fed mice. FMs may decrease glucose intolerance and NAFLD under HFD-induced obesity by decreasing ER stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchae Joung
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University , Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University , Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Park
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University , Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Kyuyeon Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University , Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University , Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Ho-Cheol Sim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University , Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Do
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University , Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University , Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea
| | - Myoung-Sool Do
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University , Pohang, Gyungbuk, Korea
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Rodnoi P, Rajkumar M, Moin ASM, Georgia SK, Butler AE, Dhawan S. Neuropeptide Y expression marks partially differentiated β cells in mice and humans. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94005. [PMID: 28614797 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
β Cells are formed in embryonic life by differentiation of endocrine progenitors and expand by replication during neonatal life, followed by transition into functional maturity. In this study, we addressed the potential contribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in pancreatic β cell development and maturation. We show that NPY expression is restricted from the progenitor populations during pancreatic development and marks functionally immature β cells in fetal and neonatal mice and humans. NPY expression is epigenetically downregulated in β cells upon maturation. Neonatal β cells that express NPY are more replicative, and knockdown of NPY expression in neonatal mouse islets reduces replication and enhances insulin secretion in response to high glucose. These data show that NPY expression likely promotes replication and contributes to impaired glucose responsiveness in neonatal β cells. We show that NPY expression reemerges in β cells in mice fed with high-fat diet as well as in diabetes in mice and humans, establishing a potential new mechanism to explain impaired β cell maturity in diabetes. Together, these studies highlight the contribution of NPY in the regulation of β cell differentiation and have potential applications for β cell supplementation for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pope Rodnoi
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohan Rajkumar
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Senta K Georgia
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Mendes NF, Castro G, Guadagnini D, Tobar N, Cognuck SQ, Elias LLK, Boer PA, Prada PO. Knocking down amygdalar PTP1B in diet-induced obese rats improves insulin signaling/action, decreases adiposity and may alter anxiety behavior. Metabolism 2017; 70:1-11. [PMID: 28403933 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been extensively implicated in the regulation of body weight, food intake, and energy expenditure. The role of PTP1B appears to be cell and brain region dependent. RESULTS Herein, we demonstrated that chronic high-fat feeding enhanced PTP1B expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) of rats compared to rats on chow. Knocking down PTP1B with oligonucleotide antisense (ASO) decreased its expression and was sufficient to improve the anorexigenic effect of insulin through IR/Akt signaling in the CeA. ASO treatment reduces body weight, fat mass, serum leptin levels, and food intake and also increases energy expenditure, without altering ambulatory activity. These changes were explained, at least in part, by the improvement of insulin sensitivity in the CeA, decreasing NPY and enhancing oxytocin expression. There was a slight decline in fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels possibly due to leanness in rats treated with ASO. Surprisingly, the elevated plus maze test revealed an anxiolytic behavior after reduction of PTP1B in the CeA. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the present study highlights the deleterious role that the amygdalar PTP1B has on energy homeostasis in obesity states. The reduction of PTP1B in the CeA may be a strategy for the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisele Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Natalia Tobar
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Susana Quiros Cognuck
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, USP, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Aline Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Oliveira Prada
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil.
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Loh K, Zhang L, Brandon A, Wang Q, Begg D, Qi Y, Fu M, Kulkarni R, Teo J, Baldock P, Brüning JC, Cooney G, Neely G, Herzog H. Insulin controls food intake and energy balance via NPY neurons. Mol Metab 2017; 6:574-584. [PMID: 28580287 PMCID: PMC5444095 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Insulin signaling in the brain has been implicated in the control of satiety, glucose homeostasis and energy balance. However, insulin signaling is dispensable in energy homeostasis controlling AgRP or POMC neurons and it is unclear which other neurons regulate these effects. Here we describe an ancient insulin/NPY neuronal network that governs energy homeostasis across phyla. Methods To address the role of insulin action specifically in NPY neurons, we generated a variety of models by selectively removing insulin signaling in NPY neurons in flies and mice and testing the consequences on energy homeostasis. Results By specifically targeting the insulin receptor in both fly and mouse NPY expressing neurons, we found NPY-specific insulin signaling controls food intake and energy expenditure, and lack of insulin signaling in NPY neurons leads to increased energy stores and an obese phenotype. Additionally, the lack of insulin signaling in NPY neurons leads to a dysregulation of GH/IGF-1 axis and to altered insulin sensitivity. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that insulin actions in NPY neurons is critical for maintaining energy balance and an impairment of this pathway may be causally linked to the development of metabolic diseases. Insulin controls feeding via non-AgRP expressing NPY-neurons in flies and mice. Energy expenditure is regulated by insulin responsive NPY neurons. Insulin signaling in NPY neurons is required for maintaining whole body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Central insulin-NPY pathways regulate bone mass and growth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Loh
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, 2052, Australia
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
- Corresponding author. Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia.Neuroscience DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSt Vincent's HospitalSydney2010Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Amanda Brandon
- Diabetes Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Qiaoping Wang
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Denovan Begg
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yue Qi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Melissa Fu
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Rishikesh Kulkarni
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Jonathan Teo
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Paul Baldock
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregory Cooney
- Diabetes Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Greg Neely
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, 2052, Australia
- Corresponding author. Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia.Neuroscience DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSt Vincent's HospitalSydney2010Australia
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Guillemot-Legris O, Muccioli GG. Obesity-Induced Neuroinflammation: Beyond the Hypothalamus. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:237-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sarvani C, Sireesh D, Ramkumar KM. Unraveling the role of ER stress inhibitors in the context of metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:412-421. [PMID: 28237513 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ER stress is provoked by the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER lumen leading to perturbations in ER homeostasis. ER stress activates a signaling cascade called the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) which triggers a set of transcriptional and translational events that restore ER homeostasis, promoting cell survival and adaptation. If this adaptive response fails, a terminal UPR program commits such cells to apoptosis. Existing preclinical and clinical evidence testify that prolonged ER stress escalates the risk of several metabolic disorders including diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. There have been considerable efforts to develop small molecules that are capable of ameliorating ER stress. Few naturally occurring and synthetic molecules have already been demonstrated for their efficacy in abrogating ER stress in both in vitro and in vivo models of metabolic disorders. This review provides a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms of inhibition of ER stress and its association with various metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chodisetty Sarvani
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dornadula Sireesh
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
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Nameni G, Hajiluian G, Shahabi P, Farhangi MA, Mesgari-Abbasi M, Hemmati MR, Vatandoust SM. The Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Neurodegeneration, TNF-α Concentration in Hypothalamus, and CSF-to-Plasma Ratio of Insulin in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:247-255. [PMID: 27921254 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that obesity can lead to neurodegeneration induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Moreover, obesity is associated with reduced transport of insulin through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Insulin deficiency in the brain especially in the hypothalamus region has neurodegenerative and obesity-promoting effects. Because of the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of vitamin D, in the current experimental study, we aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on neurodegeneration, TNF-α concentration in the hypothalamus, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to serum ratio of insulin in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. At the first phase of the study, the rats were divided into two groups: (1) normal diet (ND, 10% fat) and (2) high-fat diet (HFD, 59% fat) and were fed for 16 weeks. In the second phase, each group was subdivided into four groups including the following: ND, normal diet + vitamin D, HFD, and HFD + vitamin D. Weight was measured and recorded weekly. Vitamin D supplementation for 5 weeks at 500 IU/kg dosage was used. One week after vitamin D supplementation, daily food intake was recorded. At week 22, blood was collected to determine fasting serum glucose, vitamin D, and insulin concentrations, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. CSF samples were also collected to measure insulin concentrations, and the hypothalamus was dissected to determine TNF-α concentration. HFD significantly increased TNF-α concentrations and degenerated neurons in the hypothalamus (P = 0.02). We also observed a significant reduction of CSF-to-serum ratio of insulin in HFD group (P = 0.03). The HOMA-IR test indicated significant increment of insulin resistance in HFD-fed rats (P = 0.006). Vitamin D supplementation in HFD group significantly reduced weight (P = 0.001) and food intake (P = 0.008) and increased CSF-to-serum ratio of insulin (P = 0.01). Furthermore, vitamin D decreased insulin resistance in the HFD group (P = 0.008). Vitamin D had no significant effect on degenerated neurons and TNF-α concentration in the hypothalamus. According to our findings, vitamin D improved brain insulin homeostasis and modulated food intake and body weight in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Further studies are needed to better clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Nameni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Hajiluian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad-Reza Hemmati
- Pathology Section Social Security of East Azarbaijan, Alinasab Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
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Almeida-Suhett CP, Graham A, Chen Y, Deuster P. Behavioral changes in male mice fed a high-fat diet are associated with IL-1β expression in specific brain regions. Physiol Behav 2016; 169:130-140. [PMID: 27876639 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is associated with not only increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but cognitive deficit, depression and anxiety disorders. Obesity also leads to low-grade peripheral inflammation, which plays a major role in the development of metabolic alterations. Previous studies suggest that obesity-associated central inflammation may underlie the development of neuropsychiatric deficits, but further research is needed to clarify this relationship. We used 48 male C57BL/6J mice to investigate whether chronic consumption of a high-fat diet leads to increased expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex. We also determined whether IL-1β expression in those brain regions correlates with changes in the Y-maze, open field, elevated zero maze and forced swim tests. After 16weeks on dietary treatments, HFD mice showed cognitive impairment on the Y-maze test, greater anxiety-like behavior during the open field and elevated zero maze tests, and increased depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. Hippocampal and amygdalar expression of IL-1β were significantly higher in HFD mice than in control mice fed a standard diet (SD). Additionally, hippocampal GFAP and Iba1 immunoreactivity were increased in HFD mice when compared to SD controls. Cognitive performance negatively correlated with level of IL-1β in the hippocampus and amygdala whereas an observed increase in anxiety-like behavior was positively correlated with higher expression of IL-1β in the amygdala. However, we observed no association between depressive-like behavior and IL-1β expression in any of the brain regions investigated. Together our data provide evidence that mice fed a HFD exhibit cognitive deficits, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Our results also suggest that increased expression of IL-1β in the hippocampus and amygdala may be associated with the development of cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behavior, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P Almeida-Suhett
- Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Alice Graham
- Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yifan Chen
- Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Patricia Deuster
- Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Kalyan-Masih P, Vega-Torres JD, Miles C, Haddad E, Rainsbury S, Baghchechi M, Obenaus A, Figueroa JD. Western High-Fat Diet Consumption during Adolescence Increases Susceptibility to Traumatic Stress while Selectively Disrupting Hippocampal and Ventricular Volumes. eNeuro 2016; 3:ENEURO. [PMID: 27844058 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0125-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological trauma and obesity co-occur frequently and have been identified as major risk factors for psychiatric disorders. Surprisingly, preclinical studies examining how obesity disrupts the ability of the brain to cope with psychological trauma are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine whether an obesogenic Western-like high-fat diet (WD) predisposes rats to post-traumatic stress responsivity. Adolescent Lewis rats (postnatal day 28) were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks with either the experimental WD diet (41.4% kcal from fat) or the control diet (16.5% kcal from fat). We modeled psychological trauma by exposing young adult rats to a cat odor threat. The elevated plus maze and the open field test revealed increased psychological trauma-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the rats that consumed the WD when compared with control animals 1 week after undergoing traumatic stress (p < 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging showed significant hippocampal atrophy (20% reduction) and lateral ventricular enlargement (50% increase) in the animals fed the WD when compared with controls. These volumetric abnormalities were associated with behavioral indices of anxiety, increased leptin and FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) levels, and reduced hippocampal blood vessel density. We found asymmetric structural vulnerabilities to the WD, particularly the ventral and left hippocampus and lateral ventricle. This study highlights how WD consumption during adolescence impacts key substrates implicated in post-traumatic stress disorder. Understanding how consumption of a WD affects the developmental trajectories of the stress neurocircuitry is critical, as stress susceptibility imposes a marked vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Abstract
Interdisciplinary studies in the research fields of endocrinology and immunology show that obesity-associated overnutrition leads to neuroinflammatory molecular changes, in particular in the hypothalamus, chronically causing various disorders known as elements of metabolic syndrome. In this process, neural or hypothalamic inflammation impairs the neuroendocrine and autonomic regulation of the brain over blood pressure and glucose homeostasis as well as insulin secretion, and elevated sympathetic activation has been appreciated as a critical mediator. This review describes the involved physiology and mechanisms, with a focus on glucose and blood pressure balance, and suggests that neuroinflammation employs the autonomic nervous system to mediate the development of diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Han
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Matthew W Rice
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Sims-Robinson C, Bakeman A, Glasser R, Boggs J, Pacut C, Feldman EL. The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in hippocampal insulin resistance. Exp Neurol 2016; 277:261-267. [PMID: 26775176 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, which includes hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, has a negative impact on cognitive health. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is activated during metabolic syndrome, however it is not known which factor associated with metabolic syndrome contributes to this stress. ER stress has been reported to play a role in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The role of ER stress in the development of insulin resistance in hippocampal neurons is not known. In the current study, we investigated ER stress in the hippocampus of 3 different mouse models of metabolic syndrome: the C57BL6 mouse on a high fat (HF) diet; apolipoprotein E, leptin, and apolipoprotein B-48 deficient (ApoE 3KO) mice; and the low density lipoprotein receptor, leptin, and apolipoprotein B-48 deficient (LDLR 3KO) mice. We demonstrate that ER stress is activated in the hippocampus of HF mice, and for the first time, in ApoE 3KO mice, but not LDLR 3KO mice. The HF and ApoE 3KO mice are hyperglycemic; however, the LDLR 3KO mice have normal glycemia. This suggests that hyperglycemia may play a role in the activation of ER stress in the hippocampus. Similarly, we also demonstrate that impaired insulin signaling is only present in the HF and ApoE 3KO mice, which suggests that ER stress may play a role in insulin resistance in the hippocampus. To confirm this we pharmacologically induced ER stress with thapsigargin in human hippocampal neurons. We demonstrate for the first time that thapsigargin leads to ER stress and impaired insulin signaling in human hippocampal neurons. Our results may provide a potential mechanism that links metabolic syndrome and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Anna Bakeman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rebecca Glasser
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Janet Boggs
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Crystal Pacut
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Rodriguez-Perdigon M, Solas M, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Ramirez MJ. Lipoic acid improves neuronal insulin signalling and rescues cognitive function regulating VGlut1 expression in high-fat-fed rats: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:511-517. [PMID: 26769360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The concept of central insulin resistance and dysfunctional insulin signalling in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now widely accepted and diabetes is recognized as one of the main risk factors for developing AD. Moreover, some lines of evidence indicated that VGlut1 is impaired in frontal regions of AD patients and this impairment is correlated with the progression of cognitive decline in AD. The present work hypothesizes that ketosis associated to insulin resistance could interfere with the normal activity of VGlut1 and its role in the release of glutamate in the hippocampus, which might ultimately lead to cognitive deficits. High fat diet (HFD) rats showed memory impairments and both peripheral (as shown by increased fasting plasma insulin levels and HOMA index) and hippocampal (as shown by decreased activation of insulin receptor, IRS-1 and pAkt) insulin pathway alterations, accompanied by increased ketone bodies production. All these effects were counteracted by α-lipoic acid (LA) administration. VGlut1 levels were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of HFD rats, and this decrease was reversed by LA. Altogether, the present results suggest that HFD induced alterations in central insulin signalling could switch metabolism to produce ketone bodies, which in turn, in the hippocampus, might lead to a decreased expression of VGlut1, and therefore to a decreased release of glutamate and hence, to the glutamatergic deficit described in AD. The ability of LA treatment to prevent the alterations in insulin signalling in this model of HFD might represent a possible new therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maite Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Moreno-Aliaga
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain; Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Javier Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain.
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Rzheshevsky AV. Decrease in ATP biosynthesis and dysfunction of biological membranes. Two possible key mechanisms of phenoptosis. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2015; 79:1056-68. [PMID: 25519064 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is extremely prevalent in the world and can be considered as one of main factors leading to accelerated aging and premature death. This syndrome may be closely linked with age-related disruptions in hypothalamic-pituitary system function, which perhaps represent a trigger mechanism of development of endocrine and cardiovascular pathologies. Age-related elevation of the sensitivity threshold of the hypothalamus to regulatory signals in association with low mobility and excessive diet trigger a cascade of biochemical reactions that might be used for activation of programmed death of the organism - phenoptosis. Accumulation of fatty acids in a cell and resulting lipotoxicity include resistance to insulin and leptin, endoplasmic reticulum stress, uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation, and dysfunction of biological membranes. Decrease in ATP synthesis is correlated with accumulation of calcium ions in cells, dysfunction of mitochondria, and increasing apoptotic activity. Age-related activation of mTOR (which is greatly influenced by excess energy substrates) has deleterious impact on one of the main mechanisms of cell defense by which defective mitochondria are replaced: mitophagy and biogenesis of mitochondria will be suppressed, and this will increase in greater degree mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Fatty acid-induced inflammation will increase activity of nuclear factor NF-κB, the well-known stimulator of age-related pathologies. The final stage of phenoptosis can be represented by endothelium dysfunction related with oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and the most prevalent cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Rzheshevsky
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Dnepropetrovsk, 49000, Ukraine.
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Ma DL, Chen FQ, Xu WJ, Yue WZ, Yuan G, Yang Y. Early intervention with glucagon-like peptide 1 analog liraglutide prevents tau hyperphosphorylation in diabetic db/db mice. J Neurochem 2015; 135:301-8. [PMID: 26183127 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Neurofibrillary tangles, which consist of hyperphosphorylated tau and misfolded microtubules, is one of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Db/db mice, a rodent model of T2D, also exhibited age-dependent tau hyperphosphorylation. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics, a type of drug used in T2D, has been found to have neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effects of liraglutide (a GLP-1 analog), or insulin, on tau phosphorylation in T2D animals. Male db/db mice (3-3.5 weeks) were daily injected subcutaneously with liraglutide (n = 27), insulin (n = 27), or saline (n = 26), and five to seven mice were killed every 2 weeks for analysis of plasma and cerebrospinal (CSF) insulin levels by ELISA, and protein levels in the hippocampal formation by western blot. We found that db/db mice treated with saline exhibited an age-dependent decrease in CSF insulin and an increase in hippocampal tau phosphorylation. Liraglutide injection reversed the CSF insulin to ~1 mIU/L by the end of 8 weeks treatment, and prevented the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in the hippocampal formation. By contrast, insulin injection had no effects on CSF insulin or phosphorylation of tau protein. In summary, this study indicates that early GLP-1 analog intervention prevented the age-dependent tau hyperphosphorylation in T2D mice brain, probably by facilitating sequential activation in an insulin signaling pathway reflected in increased basal activation of Akt and basal suppression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Lin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Qiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jie Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Quaresma PGF, Reencober N, Zanotto TM, Santos AC, Weissmann L, de Matos AHB, Lopes-Cendes I, Folli F, Saad MJA, Prada PO. Pioglitazone treatment increases food intake and decreases energy expenditure partially via hypothalamic adiponectin/adipoR1/AMPK pathway. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:138-46. [PMID: 26228462 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) enhanced body weight (BW) partially by increased adipogenesis and hyperphagia. Neuronal PPARγ knockout mice on high-fat diet (HFD) are leaner because of enhanced leptin response, although it could be secondary to their leanness. Thus, it still is an open question how TZDs may alter energy balance. Multiple factors regulate food intake (FI) and energy expenditure (EE), including anorexigenic hormones as insulin and leptin. Nonetheless, elevated hypothalamic AMPK activity increases FI and TZDs increase AMPK activity in muscle cells. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether Pioglitazone (PIO) treatment alters hypothalamic insulin and leptin action/signaling, AMPK phosphorylation, and whether these alterations may be implicated in the regulation of FI and EE. METHODS Swiss mice on HFD (2 months) received PIO (25 mg kg(-1) per day-gavage) or vehicle for 14 days. AMPK and AdipoR1 were inhibited via Intracerebroventricular injections using Compound C (CompC) and small interference RNA (siRNA), respectively. Western blot, real-time PCR and CLAMS were done. RESULTS PIO treatment increased BW, adiposity, FI, NPY mRNA and decreased POMC mRNA expression and EE in HFD mice. Despite higher adiposity, PIO treatment improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, decreased insulin and increased adiponectin serum levels. This result was associated with, improved insulin and leptin action/signaling, decreased α2AMPK(Ser491) phosphorylation and elevated Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and AMPK(Thr172) phosphorylation in hypothalamus. The inhibition of hypothalamic AMPK with CompC was associated with decreased adiposity, FI, NPY mRNA and EE in PIO-treated mice. The reduced expression of hypothalamic AdipoR1 with siRNA concomitantly with PIO treatment reverted PIO induced obesity development, suggesting that adiponectin may be involved in this effect. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that PIO, despite improving insulin/leptin action in hypothalamus, increases FI and decreases EE, partially, by activating hypothalamic adiponectin/AdipoR1/AMPK axis. Suggesting a novel mechanism in the hypothalamus by which TZDs increase BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Reencober
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - T M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A H B de Matos
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - I Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - F Folli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Departament of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - P O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
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Petrov D, Pedrós I, Artiach G, Sureda FX, Barroso E, Pallàs M, Casadesús G, Beas-Zarate C, Carro E, Ferrer I, Vazquez-Carrera M, Folch J, Camins A. High-fat diet-induced deregulation of hippocampal insulin signaling and mitochondrial homeostasis deficiences contribute to Alzheimer disease pathology in rodents. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1687-99. [PMID: 26003667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Global obesity is a pandemic status, estimated to affect over 2 billion people, that has resulted in an enormous strain on healthcare systems worldwide. The situation is compounded by the fact that apart from the direct costs associated with overweight pathology, obesity presents itself with a number of comorbidities, including an increased risk for the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer disease (AD), the main cause of senile dementia, is no exception. Spectacular failure of the pharmaceutical industry to come up with effective AD treatment strategies is forcing the broader scientific community to rethink the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to cognitive decline. To this end, the emphasis is once again placed on the experimental animal models of the disease. In the current study, we have focused on the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on hippocampal-dependent memory in C57/Bl6 Wild-type (WT) and APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, a well-established mouse model of familial AD. Our results indicate that the continuous HFD administration starting at the time of weaning is sufficient to produce β-amyloid-independent, hippocampal-dependent memory deficits measured by a 2-object novel-object recognition test (NOR) in mice as early as 6months of age. Furthermore, the resulting metabolic syndrome appears to have direct effects on brain insulin regulation and mitochondrial function. We have observed pathological changes related to both the proximal and distal insulin signaling pathway in the brains of HFD-fed WT and APP/PS1 mice. These changes are accompanied by a significantly reduced OXPHOS metabolism, suggesting that mitochondria play an important role in hippocampus-dependent memory formation and retention in both the HFD-treated and AD-like rodents at a relatively young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Petrov
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pedrós
- Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Artiach
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc X Sureda
- Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Casadesús
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, CIBO, IMSS, México; Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, México
| | - Eva Carro
- Neuroscience Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Manuel Vazquez-Carrera
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Unitats de Bioquímica i Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Tarragona), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Universidad Nacional de Loja, Department of Biotechnology, Ecuador.
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Areias MFC, Prada PO. Mechanisms of insulin resistance in the amygdala: Influences on food intake. Behav Brain Res 2015; 282:209-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Miller AA, Spencer SJ. Obesity and neuroinflammation: a pathway to cognitive impairment. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 42:10-21. [PMID: 24727365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing problem worldwide and is associated with a range of comorbidities, including cognitive dysfunction. In this review we will address the evidence that obesity and high fat feeding can lead to cognitive dysfunction. We will also examine the idea that obesity-associated systemic inflammation leads to inflammation within the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, and that this is partially responsible for these negative cognitive outcomes. Thus, obesity, and high fat feeding, lead to systemic inflammation and excess circulating free fatty acids. Circulating cytokines, free fatty acids and immune cells reach the brain at the level of the hypothalamus and initiate local inflammation, including microglial proliferation. This local inflammation likely causes synaptic remodeling and neurodegeneration within the hypothalamus, altering internal hypothalamic circuitry and hypothalamic outputs to other brain regions. The result is disruption to cognitive function mediated by regions such as hippocampus, amygdala, and reward-processing centers. Central inflammation is also likely to affect these regions directly. Thus, central inflammation in obesity leads not just to disruption of hypothalamic satiety signals and perpetuation of overeating, but also to negative outcomes on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson A Miller
- School of Medical Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi), RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health Sciences and HIRi, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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Jayaraman A, Lent-Schochet D, Pike CJ. Diet-induced obesity and low testosterone increase neuroinflammation and impair neural function. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:162. [PMID: 25224590 PMCID: PMC4190446 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low testosterone and obesity are independent risk factors for dysfunction of the nervous system including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigate the independent and cooperative interactions of testosterone and diet-induced obesity on metabolic, inflammatory, and neural health indices in the central and peripheral nervous systems. METHODS Male C57B6/J mice were maintained on normal or high-fat diet under varying testosterone conditions for a four-month treatment period, after which metabolic indices were measured and RNA isolated from cerebral cortex and sciatic nerve. Cortices were used to generate mixed glial cultures, upon which embryonic cerebrocortical neurons were co-cultured for assessment of neuron survival and neurite outgrowth. Peripheral nerve damage was determined using paw-withdrawal assay, myelin sheath protein expression levels, and Na+,K+-ATPase activity levels. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that detrimental effects on both metabolic (blood glucose, insulin sensitivity) and proinflammatory (cytokine expression) responses caused by diet-induced obesity are exacerbated by testosterone depletion. Mixed glial cultures generated from obese mice retain elevated cytokine expression, although low testosterone effects do not persist ex vivo. Primary neurons co-cultured with glial cultures generated from high-fat fed animals exhibit reduced survival and poorer neurite outgrowth. In addition, low testosterone and diet-induced obesity combine to increase inflammation and evidence of nerve damage in the peripheral nervous system. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone and diet-induced obesity independently and cooperatively regulate neuroinflammation in central and peripheral nervous systems, which may contribute to observed impairments in neural health. Together, our findings suggest that low testosterone and obesity are interactive regulators of neuroinflammation that, in combination with adipose-derived inflammatory pathways and other factors, increase the risk of downstream disorders including type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian J Pike
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles 90089, CA, USA.
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Lin Z, Vicente Gonçalves CM, Dai L, Lu HM, Huang JH, Ji H, Wang DS, Yi LZ, Liang YZ. Exploring metabolic syndrome serum profiling based on gas chromatography mass spectrometry and random forest models. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 827:22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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