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Smith C, Sim M, Dalla Via J, Gebre AK, Zhu K, Lim WH, Teh R, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Levinger I, von Haehling S, Woodman R, Coats AJS, Prince RL, Lewis JR. Extent of Abdominal Aortic Calcification Is Associated With Incident Rapid Weight Loss Over 5 Years: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e54-e64. [PMID: 38095109 PMCID: PMC10832333 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a marker of vascular disease, is associated with disease in other vascular beds including gastrointestinal arteries. We investigated whether AAC is related to rapid weight loss over 5 years and whether rapid weight loss is associated with 9.5-year all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older women. METHODS Lateral spine images from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (1998/1999) were used to assess AAC (24-point AAC scoring method) in 929 older women. Over 5 years, body weight was assessed at 12-month intervals. Rapid weight loss was defined as >5% decrease in body weight within any 12-month interval. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess AAC and rapid weight loss and Cox regression to assess the relationship between rapid weight loss and 9.5-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS Mean±SD age of women was 75.0±2.6 years. During the initial 5 years, 366 (39%) women presented with rapid weight loss. Compared with women with low AAC (24-point AAC score 0-1), those with moderate (24-point AAC score 2-5: odds ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.00-1.85]) and extensive (24-point AAC score 6+: odds ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.10-2.31]) AAC had higher odds for presenting with rapid weight loss. Results remained similar after further adjustment for dietary factors (alcohol, protein, fat, and carbohydrates), diet quality, blood pressure, and cholesterol measures. The estimates were similar in subgroups of women who met protein intake (n=599) and physical activity (n=735) recommendations (extensive AAC: odds ratios, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.12-2.92] and 1.58 [95% CI, 1.02-2.44], respectively). Rapid weight loss was associated with all-cause mortality over the next 9.5 years (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.17-1.89]; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS AAC extent was associated with greater risk for rapid weight loss over 5 years in older women, a risk for all-cause mortality. Since the association was unchanged after taking nutritional intakes into account, these data support the possibility that vascular disease may play a role in the maintenance of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia (C.S., M.S., J.D.V., A.K.G., J.R.L.)
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth (C.S., M.S., K.Z., W.H.L., R.T., R.L.P., J.R.L.)
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia (C.S., M.S., J.D.V., A.K.G., J.R.L.)
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth (C.S., M.S., K.Z., W.H.L., R.T., R.L.P., J.R.L.)
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Western Australia (M.S.)
| | - Jack Dalla Via
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia (C.S., M.S., J.D.V., A.K.G., J.R.L.)
| | - Abadi K Gebre
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia (C.S., M.S., J.D.V., A.K.G., J.R.L.)
| | - Kun Zhu
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth (C.S., M.S., K.Z., W.H.L., R.T., R.L.P., J.R.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia (K.Z., R.L.P.)
| | - Wai H Lim
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth (C.S., M.S., K.Z., W.H.L., R.T., R.L.P., J.R.L.)
- Renal Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia (W.H.L.)
| | - Ryan Teh
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth (C.S., M.S., K.Z., W.H.L., R.T., R.L.P., J.R.L.)
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia (R.T.)
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.P.K.)
| | - John T Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Clinic and HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN (J.T.S.)
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (J.T.S.)
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia (I.L.)
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans (I.L.)
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Germany (S.v.H.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany (S.v.H.)
| | - Richard Woodman
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute-Cancer Program, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia (R.W.)
| | | | - Richard L Prince
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth (C.S., M.S., K.Z., W.H.L., R.T., R.L.P., J.R.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia (K.Z., R.L.P.)
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia (C.S., M.S., J.D.V., A.K.G., J.R.L.)
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth (C.S., M.S., K.Z., W.H.L., R.T., R.L.P., J.R.L.)
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia (J.R.L.)
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Smith C, Sim M, Dalla Via J, Levinger I, Duque G. The Interconnection Between Muscle and Bone: A Common Clinical Management Pathway. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:24-37. [PMID: 37922021 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Often observed with aging, the loss of skeletal muscle (sarcopenia) and bone (osteoporosis) mass, strength, and quality, is associated with reduced physical function contributing to falls and fractures. Such events can lead to a loss of independence and poorer quality of life. Physical inactivity (mechanical unloading), especially in older adults, has detrimental effects on the mass and quality of bone as well as muscle, while increases in activity (mechanical loading) have positive effects. Emerging evidence suggests that the relationship between bone and muscle is driven, at least in part, by bone-muscle crosstalk. Bone and muscle are closely linked anatomically, mechanically, and biochemically, and both have the capacity to function with paracrine and endocrine-like action. However, the exact mechanisms involved in this crosstalk remain only partially explored. Given older adults with lower bone mass are more likely to present with impaired muscle function, and vice versa, strategies capable of targeting both bone and muscle are critical. Exercise is the primary evidence-based prevention strategy capable of simultaneously improving muscle and bone health. Unfortunately, holistic treatment plans including exercise in conjunction with other allied health services to prevent or treat musculoskeletal disease remain underutilized. With a focus on sarcopenia and osteoporosis, the aim of this review is to (i) briefly describe the mechanical and biochemical interactions between bone and muscle; (ii) provide a summary of therapeutic strategies, specifically exercise, nutrition and pharmacological approaches; and (iii) highlight a holistic clinical pathway for the assessment and management of sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jack Dalla Via
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Bone, Muscle & Geroscience Research Group, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Tacey A, Behne J, Patten RK, Ngo MT, Thomas R, Ancilleri J, Bone C, Paredes Castro A, McCarthy H, Harkin K, Gilmartin-Thomas JF, Takla A, Downie C, Mulcahy J, Ball M, Sharples J, Dash S, Lawton A, Wright B, Sleeth P, Kostecki T, Sonn C, McKenna MJ, Apostolopoulos V, Lane R, Said CM, De Gori M, McAinch A, Tran P, Levinger I, Parker A, Woessner MN, Pascoe M. Development of a Digital Health Intervention to Support Patients on a Waitlist for Orthopedic Specialist Care: Co-Design Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e41974. [PMID: 38064257 PMCID: PMC10746964 DOI: 10.2196/41974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for orthopedic specialist consultations for patients with osteoarthritis in public hospitals is high and continues to grow. Lengthy waiting times are increasingly affecting patients from low socioeconomic and culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds who are more likely to rely on public health care. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to co-design a digital health intervention for patients with OA who are waiting for an orthopedic specialist consultation at a public health service, which is located in local government areas (LGAs) of identified social and economic disadvantage. METHODS The stakeholders involved in the co-design process included the research team; end users (patients); clinicians; academic experts; senior hospital staff; and a research, design, and development agency. The iterative co-design process comprised several key phases, including the collation and refinement of evidence-based information by the research team, with assistance from academic experts. Structured interviews with 16 clinicians (female: n=10, 63%; male: n=6, 38%) and 11 end users (age: mean 64.3, SD 7.2 y; female: n=7, 64%; male: n=4, 36%) of 1-hour duration were completed to understand the requirements for the intervention. Weekly workshops were held with key stakeholders throughout development. A different cohort of 15 end users (age: mean 61.5, SD 9.7 y; female: n=12, 80%; male: n=3, 20%) examined the feasibility of the study during a 2-week testing period. The System Usability Scale was used as the primary measure of intervention feasibility. RESULTS Overall, 7 content modules were developed and refined over several iterations. Key themes highlighted in the clinician and end user interviews were the diverse characteristics of patients, the hierarchical structure with which patients view health practitioners, the importance of delivering information in multiple formats (written, audio, and visual), and access to patient-centered information as early as possible in the health care journey. All content was translated into Vietnamese, the most widely spoken language following English in the local government areas included in this study. Patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds tested the feasibility of the intervention. A mean System Usability Scale score of 82.7 (SD 16) was recorded for the intervention, placing its usability in the excellent category. CONCLUSIONS Through the co-design process, we developed an evidence-based, holistic, and patient-centered digital health intervention. The intervention was specifically designed to be used by patients from diverse backgrounds, including those with low health, digital, and written literacy levels. The effectiveness of the intervention in improving the physical and mental health of patients will be determined by a high-quality randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgey, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jack Behne
- Department of Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rhiannon K Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Minh Truc Ngo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgey, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rees Thomas
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica Ancilleri
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chelsea Bone
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Helen McCarthy
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine Harkin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- First Year College, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julia Fm Gilmartin-Thomas
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amir Takla
- Australian Sports Physiotherapy, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Health Professions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Calum Downie
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Mulcahy
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle Ball
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jenny Sharples
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Dash
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Amy Lawton
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Breanna Wright
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Sleeth
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tina Kostecki
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Christopher Sonn
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J McKenna
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lane
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine M Said
- Department of Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary De Gori
- Department of Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phong Tran
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgey, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michaela Pascoe
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Lalunio H, Parker L, Hanson ED, Gregorevic P, Levinger I, Hayes A, Goodman CA. Detecting the vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein in mouse and human skeletal muscle: Strain-specific, species-specific and inter-individual variation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112050. [PMID: 37683909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D, and its receptor (VDR), play roles in muscle development/function, however, VDR detection in muscle has been controversial. Using different sample preparation methods and antibodies, we examined differences in muscle VDR protein abundance between two mouse strains and between mice and humans. The mouse D-6 VDR antibody was not reliable for detecting VDR in mouse muscle, but was suitable for human muscle, while the rabbit D2K6W antibody was valid for mouse and human muscle. VDR protein was generally lower in muscles from C57 B l/6 than FVB/N mice and was higher in human than mouse muscle. Two putative VDR bands were detected in human muscle, possibly representing VDR isoforms/splice variants, with marked inter-individual differences. This study provides new information on detecting VDR in muscle and on inter-mouse strain and inter-human individual differences in VDR expression. These findings may have implications for future pre-clinical and clinical studies and prompt further investigation to confirm possible VDR isoforms in human muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lalunio
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Bauer C, Sim M, Prince RL, Zhu K, Lim EM, Byrnes E, Pavlos N, Lim WH, Wong G, Lewis JR, Levinger I. Circulating lipocalin-2 and features of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older women: A cross-sectional study. Bone 2023; 176:116861. [PMID: 37524293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is released by several cell types including osteoblasts and adipocytes and has been suggested as a marker of renal dysfunction, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether LCN2 is linked to these diseases in older women remains unknown. This study investigated whether LCN2 is related to features of MetS and T2D in older women. This cross-sectional study included 705 non-diabetic women (mean age 75.1 ± 2.6 years) for MetS analysis and 76 women (mean age 75.4 ± 2.8 years) with T2D. Total circulating LCN2 levels were analysed using a two-step chemiluminescent microparticle monoclonal immunoassay. MetS was determined by a modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III classification. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to assess odds ratios between LCN2 quartiles and MetS. Women in the highest LCN2 quartile had approximately 3 times greater risk for MetS compared to women in the lowest quartile (OR 3.05; 95%CI 1.86-5.02). Women with T2D or MetS scores of ≥ 3 had higher LCN2 levels compared to women with a MetS score of 0 (p < 0.05). Higher LCN2 correlated with higher body mass index, fat mass, triglycerides and glycated haemoglobin and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and estimated glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.05). Higher circulating levels of LCN2 are associated with worsened cardio-metabolic risk factors and increased odds of MetS and T2D in older women. Whether it can be used as a biomarker for identifying those at risk for MetS and T2D should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie Bauer
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard L Prince
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Ee M Lim
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Nathan Pavlos
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wai H Lim
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Germaine Wong
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, University of Melbourne, Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.
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Healy RD, Smith C, Woessner MN, Levinger I. Relationship between VO2peak, VO2 Recovery Kinetics, and Muscle Function in Older Adults. Gerontology 2023; 69:1278-1283. [PMID: 37660695 PMCID: PMC10634273 DOI: 10.1159/000533920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficiency of the cardiovascular system to recover following an exercise bout is measured by oxygen (VO2) recovery kinetics. In older adults with a chronic disease, a higher aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and faster VO2 recovery kinetics are associated with higher muscle strength and physical capacity. Yet, this relationship in healthy older adults remains unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether a higher VO2peak and faster VO2 recovery kinetics are associated with higher muscle strength and physical performance in healthy community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Thirty-five healthy older adults (female 25/male 10, mean age 73 ± 6 years) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. VO2peak and VO2 recovery kinetics were assessed through gas exchange analysis. Muscle strength was determined by maximal leg (one-repetition maximum on leg press; 1RM) and grip strength, and physical performance was determined by the physical performance test (PPT) which assessed gait speed, stair ascent and descent, and timed up-and-go. RESULTS Higher VO2peak was associated with stronger leg (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) and grip strength (r = 0.39, p < 0.03), but no relationship to PPT (p > 0.05). There was also no relationship between VO2 recovery kinetics and leg and grip strength or PPT (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In healthy community-dwelling older adults, VO2peak, but not VO2 recovery kinetics, is associated with muscle strength. This suggests that muscle strength may be an important factor related to aerobic capacity that could assist in identifying older adults who should be prioritized for resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon D. Healy
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mary N. Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Patten RK, Asilioglu A, Levinger I, Tacey A, Pascoe M, Tran P, McKenna MJ, Said CM, Coric N, De Gori M, Lane R, Apostolopoulos V, Woessner MN, Parker A. Prevalence of diagnosable depression in patients awaiting orthopaedic specialist consultation: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:599. [PMID: 37481532 PMCID: PMC10362723 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA), are a leading cause of disability and chronic pain, and are associated with high rates of comorbid depression. However, signs of depression are often masked by pain. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of depression and pain in individuals awaiting specialist orthopaedic consultation. A secondary objective was to determine the relationship between pain and depression, irrespective of demographic factors and clinical diagnosis. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of individuals awaiting orthopaedic consultation at a public hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Relevant data were extracted from medical records and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise participant characteristics. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression and a numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to assess pain severity. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to establish the relationship between pain and depression. RESULTS Nine hundred and eighty-six adults (mean ± standard deviation, age = 54.1 ± 15.7 years, 53.2% women) participated in the study. OA was present in 56% of the population and 34% of the entire population had moderate depression or greater, 19% of which met the criteria for major depressive disorder. Moderate-to-severe pain was present in 79% of individuals with OA and 55% of individuals with other musculoskeletal complaints. Pain was significantly associated with depression scores (β = 0.84, adjusted R2 = 0.13, P < 0.001), and this relationship remained significant after accounting for gender, age, education and employment status, OA status, number of joints affected and waiting time (β = 0.91, adjusted R2 = 0.19, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Depression affects one-third of individuals on an orthopaedic waitlist. A strong link between pain and depression in patients awaiting specialist orthopaedic consultation exists, indicating a need for an integrated approach in addressing pain management and depression to manage this complex and comorbid presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon K Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alev Asilioglu
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michaela Pascoe
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phong Tran
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J McKenna
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine M Said
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natali Coric
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary De Gori
- Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lane
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Broatch JR, Zarekookandeh N, Glarin R, Strik M, Johnston LA, Moffat BA, Bird LJ, Gunningham K, Churilov L, Johns HT, Askew CD, Levinger I, O'Riordan SF, Bishop DJ, Brodtmann A. Train Smart Study: protocol for a randomised trial investigating the role of exercise training dose on markers of brain health in sedentary middle-aged adults. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069413. [PMID: 37225276 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regular aerobic exercise is associated with improved cognitive function, implicating it as a strategy to reduce dementia risk. This is reinforced by the association between greater cardiorespiratory fitness and larger brain volume, superior cognitive performance and lower dementia risk. However, the optimal aerobic exercise dose, namely the intensity and mode of delivery, to improve brain health and lower dementia risk has received less attention. We aim to determine the effect of different doses of aerobic exercise training on markers of brain health in sedentary middle-aged adults, hypothesising that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) will be more beneficial than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this two-group parallel, open-label blinded endpoint randomised trial, 70 sedentary middle-aged (45-65 years) adults will be randomly allocated to one of two 12-week aerobic exercise training interventions matched for total exercise training volume: (1) MICT (n=35) or HIIT (n=35). Participants will perform ~50 min exercise training sessions, 3 days per week, for 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be measured as between-group difference in cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake) change from baseline to the end of training. Secondary outcomes include between-group differences in cognitive function and ultra-high field MRI (7T) measured markers of brain health (brain blood flow, cerebrovascular function, brain volume, white matter microstructural integrity and resting state functional brain activity) changes from baseline to the end of training. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Victoria University Human Research Ethics Committee (VUHREC) has approved this study (HRE20178), and all protocol modifications will be communicated to the relevant parties (eg, VUHREC, trial registry). Findings from this study will be disseminated via peer-review publications, conference presentations, clinical communications and both mainstream and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTR12621000144819.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Broatch
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Navabeh Zarekookandeh
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glarin
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Myrte Strik
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leigh A Johnston
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradford A Moffat
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Bird
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Gunningham
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah T Johns
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Stroke Alliance, Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher D Askew
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Nambour, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane F O'Riordan
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Cognitive Health Initiative, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Shahen VA, Schindeler A, Rybchyn MS, Girgis CM, Mulholland B, Mason RS, Levinger I, Brennan-Speranza TC. Rescue of High Glucose Impairment of Cultured Human Osteoblasts Using Cinacalcet and Parathyroid Hormone. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:452-462. [PMID: 36754901 PMCID: PMC10025212 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) experience a higher risk of fractures despite paradoxically exhibiting normal to high bone mineral density (BMD). This has drawn into question the applicability to T2DM of conventional fracture reduction treatments that aim to retain BMD. In a primary human osteoblast culture system, high glucose levels (25 mM) impaired cell proliferation and matrix mineralization compared to physiological glucose levels (5 mM). Treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH, 10 nM), a bone anabolic agent, and cinacalcet (CN, 1 µM), a calcimimetic able to target the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR), were tested for their effects on proliferation and differentiation. Strikingly, CN+PTH co-treatment was shown to promote cell growth and matrix mineralization under both physiological and high glucose conditions. CN+PTH reduced apoptosis by 0.9-fold/0.4-fold as measured by Caspase-3 activity assay, increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression by 1.5-fold/twofold, increased the ratio of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin (OPG) by 2.1-fold/1.6-fold, and increased CaSR expression by 1.7-fold/4.6-fold (physiological glucose/high glucose). Collectively, these findings indicate a potential for CN+PTH combination therapy as a method to ameliorate the negative impact of chronic high blood glucose on bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Shahen
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - A Schindeler
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - M S Rybchyn
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - C M Girgis
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Mulholland
- Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - R S Mason
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - I Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - T C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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10
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Lin X, Smith C, Moreno-Asso A, Zarekookandeh N, Brennan-Speranza TC, Duque G, Hayes A, Levinger I. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin and ibandronate combination ameliorates hindlimb immobilization-induced muscle wasting. J Physiol 2023; 601:1851-1867. [PMID: 36999349 DOI: 10.1113/jp283990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization leads to muscle wasting and insulin resistance, particularly during aging. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) has been suggested to improve muscle mass and glucose metabolism. Bisphosphonates, an anti-osteoporosis treatment, might protect muscle wasting independent of ucOC. We hypothesize that the combination of ucOC and ibandronate (IBN) treatments has superior protective effects against immobilization-induced muscle wasting and insulin resistance than either treatment alone. C57BL/6J mice were hindlimb-immobilized for two weeks, with injections of vehicle, ucOC (90 ng/g daily) and/or IBN (2 μg/g weekly). Insulin/oral glucose tolerance tests (ITT/OGTT) were performed. Immediately after immobilization, muscles (extensor digitorum longus [EDL], soleus, tibialis anterior [TA], gastrocnemius, and quadriceps) were isolated and measured for muscle mass. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (EDL and soleus) was examined. Phosphorylation/expression of proteins in anabolic/catabolic pathways were examined in quadriceps. Primary human myotubes derived from older adult muscle biopsies were treated with ucOC and/or IBN, then signaling proteins were analyzed. Combined treatment, but not individual treatments, significantly increased muscle weight/body weight ratio in immobilized soleus (31.7 %; p = 0.013) and quadriceps (20.0 %; p = 0.0008) muscles, concomitant with elevated p-Akt (S473)/Akt ratio (p = 0.0047). Combined treatment also enhanced whole-body glucose tolerance (16.6 %; p = 0.0011). In human myotubes, combined treatment stimulated greater activation of ERK1/2 (p = 0.0067 and 0.0072) and mTOR (p = 0.036), and led to a lesser expression of Fbx32 (p = 0.049) and MuRF1 (p = 0.048), than individual treatments. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of ucOC and bisphosphonates combination in protecting against muscle wasting induced by immobilization and aging. KEY POINTS: Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) has been suggested to improve muscle mass and glucose metabolism. Bisphosphonates, an anti-osteoporosis treatment, might protect muscle wasting independent of ucOC. The combination treatment of ucOC and ibandronate was shown to exert greater therapeutic effect against immobilization-induced muscle wasting, and lead to greater activation of anabolic pathway and less expression of catabolic signaling proteins in myotubes derived from older adults, compared to individual treatments. The combination treatment was found to improve whole-body glucose tolerance. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of ucOC and bisphosphonates combination in protecting against muscle wasting induced by immobilization and aging. Abstract figure legend Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and ibandronate (IBN) combination improves muscle mass and glucose disposal. Two weeks of hindlimb immobilization in mice led to leg muscle atrophy as well as muscle insulin resistance. Injections of both undercarboxylated osteocalcin (intraperitoneal [IP]) and ibandronate (subcutaneous [SC]) alleviated muscle wasting in a muscle type-specific manner. In addition, this combination treatment improved glucose disposal in mice. In both immobilized mouse muscle and human primary myotubes derived from older adults, the combination treatment with ucOC and IBN resulted in greater activation of proteins involved in anabolic signaling pathway, including Akt and mTORC1. In primary myotubes, this treatment reduced expression of proteins involved in catabolic signaling pathway, such as Fbx32 and MuRF1. These findings suggest that ucOC and bisphosphonates combination has a potential in treating muscle wasting and insulin resistance induced by immobilization and aging. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhu Lin
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Navabeh Zarekookandeh
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Gustavo Duque
- Dr Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of thr McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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Smith C, Hiam D, Tacey A, Lin X, Woessner MN, Zarekookandeh N, Garnham A, Chubb P, Lewis JR, Sim M, Herrmann M, Duque G, Levinger I. Higher bone remodeling biomarkers are related to a higher muscle function in older adults: Effects of acute exercise. Bone 2022; 165:116545. [PMID: 36108920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone and muscle are closely linked mechanically and biochemically. Bone hormones secreted during bone remodeling might be linked to muscle mass and strength maintenance. Exercise elicits high mechanical strain and is essential for bone health. However, the relationship between commonly used bone turnover markers (BTMs) and muscle function in community dwelling older adults remains unclear. It is also unknown how acute exercise with differing mechanical strain may affect BTMs, and whether baseline muscle function alters BTM responses differently. We tested the hypothesis that BTMs are associated with muscle function, and that acute exercise could change the circulating levels of BTMs. Thirty-five older adults (25 females/10 males, 72.8 ± 6.0 years) participated. Baseline assessments included body composition (DXA), handgrip strength and a physical performance test (PPT) (gait speed, timed-up-and-go [TUG], stair ascent/descent). Leg muscle quality (LMQ) and stair climb power (SCP) were calculated. Participants performed (randomized) 30 min aerobic (AE) (cycling 70%HRPeak) and resistance (RE) (leg press 70%RM, jumping) exercise. Serum β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptides (β-CTX), procollagen of type I propeptide (P1NP), total osteocalcin (t)OC and ucOC were assessed at baseline and post-exercise. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models and simple regressions, adjusted for sex. At baseline, higher muscle strength (LMQ, handgrip) was related to higher P1NP, higher SCP was related to higher P1NP and β-CTX, and better physical performance (lower PPT) related to higher P1NP and β-CTX (p < 0.05). Exercise, regardless of mode, decreased β-CTX and tOC (all p < 0.05), while P1NP and ucOC remained unaltered. Higher baseline handgrip strength, SCP and LMQ was associated with lower post-exercise β-CTX responses, and poorer baseline mobility (increased TUG time) was associated with higher post-exercise β-CTX. Independently of exercise mode, acute exercise decreased β-CTX and tOC. Our data suggest that in older adults at baseline, increased BTM levels were linked to better muscle function. Altogether, our data strengthens the evidence for bone-muscle interaction, however, mechanisms behind this specific component of bone-muscle crostalk remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Navabeh Zarekookandeh
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Chubb
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia; Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Parker L, Ang T, Morrison DJ, Lee NJ, Levinger I, Keske MA. Prior aerobic exercise mitigates the decrease in serum osteoglycin and lipocalin-2 following high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal ingestion in young men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E319-E332. [PMID: 35767699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00025.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoglycin (OGN) and lipocalin-2 (LCN2) are hormones that can be secreted by bone and have been linked to glucose homeostasis in rodents. However, the endocrine role of these hormones in humans is contradictory and unclear. We examined the effects of exercise and meal ingestion on circulating serum OGN and LCN2 levels in eight healthy males {age: 28 [25, 30] years [median ± interquartile range (IQR)] and body mass index [BMI]: 24.3 [23.6, 25.5] kg/m2}. In a randomized crossover design, participants ingested a high-glucose (1.1 g glucose/kg body wt) mixed-nutrient meal (45% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 35% fat) on a rest-control day and 3 and 24 h after aerobic cycling exercise (1 h at 70%-75% V̇o2peak). Acute aerobic exercise increased serum LCN2 levels immediately after exercise (∼61%), which remained elevated 3-h postexercise (∼55%). In contrast, serum OGN remained similar to baseline levels throughout the 3-h postexercise recovery period. The ingestion of a high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal led to a decrease in serum OGN at 90-min (approximately -17%) and 120-min postprandial (approximately -44%), and a decrease in LCN2 at 120-min postprandial (approximately -26%). Compared with the control meal, prior exercise elevated serum OGN and LCN2 levels at 120-min postprandial when the meal was ingested 3-h (OGN: ∼74% and LCN2: ∼68%) and 24-h postexercise (OGN: ∼56% and LCN2: ∼16%). Acute exercise increases serum LCN2 and attenuates the postprandial decrease in OGN and LCN2 following high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal ingestion. The potential endocrine role of circulating OGN and LCN2 in humans warrants further investigation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide novel evidence that OGN and LCN2 decrease 120 min after ingesting a high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal in healthy adults. Acute aerobic exercise increases circulating LCN2 for up to 3-h postexercise, whereas circulating OGN remains similar to baseline. Despite differing postexercise responses, postprandial LCN2 and OGN are elevated when the high-glucose meal is ingested 3-h and 24-h postexercise. Findings support that OGN and LCN2 are dynamically linked to energy homeostasis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Teddy Ang
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dale J Morrison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola J Lee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Robertson CL, Ghosh G, Fitzgerald P, Hankey GJ, Levinger I, Golledge J, Almeida OP, Flicker L, Ebeling PR, Yeap BB. Bone Turnover Markers Including Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin Are Associated With Mortality Risk in Older Men. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1464-1472. [PMID: 35689459 PMCID: PMC9540459 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteocalcin in its undercarboxylated form (ucOC) may influence diabetes risk; however, its relationship with all-cause and cause-specific mortality is unclear. Whether other bone turnover markers (BTMs) are associated with mortality risk differently from ucOC also remains uncertain. Our aim was to determine associations of serum ucOC with all-cause and cause-specific mortality and compare these with the corresponding associations of serum total osteocalcin (TOC), procollagen type I N-propeptide (PINP), and collagen type 1 C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (CTX) in older men. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 3871 community-dwelling men, aged 77.0 ± 3.6 years at baseline, followed for a median of 12.3 years. Exposure variables were ucOC, TOC, PINP, and CTX concentrations assayed in serum. Outcomes were incidence of all deaths and deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer, ascertained using death registry data. Cox regression analyses adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent CVD and for prevalent cancer in analyses of cancer-related mortality. Higher concentrations of ucOC, PINP, and CTX were associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 standard deviation increase: ucOC 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.18, p < 0.001; PINP HR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.11, p = 0.009; CTX HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.08-1.19, p < 0.001), but TOC was not associated. Similar results were found after excluding men with an incident fracture during follow-up. Higher ucOC and CTX were associated with CVD mortality (ucOC HR per 1 SD increase 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.22, p = 0.001; CTX HR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.20, p = 0.003), but this result was not significant in competing risks analysis. Higher CTX was also associated with cancer mortality (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.23, p = 0.024). In conclusion, in older men, higher bone turnover, assessed by BTMs including ucOC, is a biomarker for all-cause mortality risk. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin was a more informative biomarker for this outcome than TOC. Higher CTX was associated with all-cause and cancer-related mortality. Further evaluation of causality and potential underlying mechanisms is warranted. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaurav Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Patrick Fitzgerald
- Western Australian Centre for Healthy Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Western Australian Centre for Healthy Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Western Australian Centre for Healthy Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
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14
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Bauer C, Tacey A, Garnham A, Smith C, Woessner MN, Lin X, Zarekookandeh N, Hare DL, Lewis JR, Parker L, Levinger I. The effects of acute high intensity interval exercise and hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp on osteoglycin levels in young and middle‐aged men. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10667. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlie Bauer
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, University of Melbourne, Western Health St Albans VIC Australia
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Medical School WA Australia
| | - Mary N. Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
| | | | - David L Hare
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Medical School WA Australia
- University of Western Australia and Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead
- School of Public Health Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, University of Melbourne, Western Health St Albans VIC Australia
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15
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Smith C, Woessner MN, Sim M, Levinger I. Sarcopenia definition: Does it really matter? Implications for resistance training. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101617. [PMID: 35378297 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass, strength and function, known as sarcopenia, is common in older adults, and is associated with falls, fractures, cardiometabolic diseases, and lower quality of life. Sarcopenia can also occur secondarily to chronic diseases. Recently, sarcopenia was recognized as a disease with an International Classification of Disease (ICD) code, yet, at least five definitions for its clinical identification exist. Most definitions include three themes: low muscle mass, strength and physical performance. However, the definitions vary by the number of themes needed to diagnose sarcopenia and, within each theme various parameters and cut-off levels exist. The lack of consensus on what constitutes a diagnosis can create confusion and hesitation in sarcopenia diagnosis. Currently, no pharmacological treatment exists for sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT) is safe and effective to improve muscle mass, strength and physical performance in older adults and clinical populations. Based on current guidelines, whether an individual is defined as "sarcopenic", or not, does not change the way RT is prescribed. Here, we present evidence and the inconsistencies in sarcopenia definitions and recommend that focus should be on optimizing ways to prescribe RT and increase long-term adherence, rather than on slight modifications to sarcopenia definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Western Health and the University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Footscray, VIC, Australia.
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16
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O'Bryan SJ, Giuliano C, Woessner MN, Vogrin S, Smith C, Duque G, Levinger I. Progressive Resistance Training for Concomitant Increases in Muscle Strength and Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:1939-1960. [PMID: 35608815 PMCID: PMC9325860 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Older adults experience considerable muscle and bone loss that are closely interconnected. The efficacy of progressive resistance training programs to concurrently reverse/slow the age-related decline in muscle strength and bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults remains unclear. Objectives We aimed to quantify concomitant changes in lower-body muscle strength and BMD in older adults following a progressive resistance training program and to determine how these changes are influenced by mode (resistance only vs. combined resistance and weight-bearing exercises), frequency, volume, load, and program length. Methods MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published in English before 1 June, 2021. Randomized controlled trials reporting changes in leg press or knee extension one repetition maximum and femur/hip or lumbar spine BMD following progressive resistance training in men and/or women ≥ 65 years of age were included. A random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression determined the effects of resistance training and the individual training characteristics on the percent change (∆%) in muscle strength (standardized mean difference) and BMD (mean difference). The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (version 2.0) and Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results Seven hundred and eighty studies were identified and 14 were included. Progressive resistance training increased muscle strength (∆ standardized mean difference = 1.1%; 95% confidence interval 0.73, 1.47; p ≤ 0.001) and femur/hip BMD (∆ mean difference = 2.77%; 95% confidence interval 0.44, 5.10; p = 0.02), but not BMD of the lumbar spine (∆ mean difference = 1.60%; 95% confidence interval − 1.44, 4.63; p = 0.30). The certainty for improvement was greater for muscle strength compared with BMD, evidenced by less heterogeneity (I2 = 78.1% vs 98.6%) and a higher overall quality of evidence. No training characteristic significantly affected both outcomes (p > 0.05), although concomitant increases in strength and BMD were favored by higher training frequencies, increases in strength were favored by resistance only and higher volumes, and increases in BMD were favored by combined resistance plus weight-bearing exercises, lower volumes, and higher loads. Conclusions Progressive resistance training programs concomitantly increase lower-limb muscle strength and femur/hip bone mineral density in older adults, with greater certainty for strength improvement. Thus, to maximize the efficacy of progressive resistance training programs to concurrently prevent muscle and bone loss in older adults, it is recommended to incorporate training characteristics more likely to improve BMD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-022-01675-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J O'Bryan
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia.
| | - Catherine Giuliano
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Patten RK, Tacey A, Pile R, Parker A, De Gori M, Tran P, McKenna MJ, Lane R, Apostolopoulos V, Said CM, Levinger I, Woessner MN. Digital self-management interventions for osteoarthritis: a systematic scoping review of intervention characteristics, adherence and attrition. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:103. [PMID: 35361270 PMCID: PMC8968262 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive condition that can be effectively managed via conservative treatments including exercise, weight management and education. Offering these treatments contemporaneously and digitally may increase adherence and engagement due to the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of digital program delivery. The objective of this review was to summarise the characteristics of current digital self-management interventions for individuals with OA and synthesise adherence and attrition outcomes. Methods Electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials utilising digital self-management interventions in individuals with OA. Two reviewers independently screened the search results and extracted data relating to study characteristics, intervention characteristics, and adherence and dropout rates. Results Eleven studies were included in this review. Intervention length ranged from 6 weeks to 9 months. All interventions were designed for individuals with OA and mostwere multi-component and were constructed around physical activity. The reporting of intervention adherence varied greatly between studies and limited the ability to form conclusions regarding the impact of intervention characteristics. However, of the seven studies that quantified adherence, six reported adherence > 70%. Seven of the included studies reported attrition rates < 20%, with contact and support from researchers not appearing to influence adherence or attrition. Conclusions Holistic digital interventions designed for a targeted condition are a promising approach for promoting high adherence and reducing attrition. Future studies should explore how adherence of digital interventions compares to face-to-face interventions and determine potential influencers of adherence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00854-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon K Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pile
- Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary De Gori
- Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phong Tran
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J McKenna
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lane
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Catherine M Said
- Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Woessner MN, Hiam D, Smith C, Lin X, Zarekookandeh N, Tacey A, Parker L, Landen S, Jacques M, Lewis JR, Brennan-Speranza T, Voisin S, Duque G, Eynon N, Levinger I. Osteoglycin Across the Adult Lifespan. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1426-e1433. [PMID: 34850904 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osteoglycin (OGN) is a proteoglycan released from bone and muscle which has been associated with markers of metabolic health. However, it is not clear whether the levels of circulating OGN change throughout the adult lifespan or if they are associated with clinical metabolic markers or fitness. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the levels of circulating OGN across the lifespan and to further explore the relationship between OGN and aerobic capacity as well as OGN's association with glucose and HOMA-IR. METHODS 107 individuals (46 males and 61 females) aged 21-87 years were included in the study. Serum OGN levels, aerobic capacity (VO2peak), glucose, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed. T-tests were used to compare participant characteristics between sexes. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between OGN and age, and OGN and fitness and metabolic markers. RESULTS OGN displayed a nonlinear, weak "U-shaped" relationship with age across both sexes. Men had higher levels of OGN than women across the lifespan (β = 0.23, P = .03). Age and sex explained 16% of the variance in OGN (adjusted R2 = 0.16; P < .001). Higher OGN was associated with higher VO2peak (β = 0.02, P = .001); however, those aged <50 showed a stronger positive relationship than those aged >50. A higher OGN level was associated with a higher circulating glucose level (β = 0.17, P < .01). No association was observed between OGN and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION OGN was characterized by a U-shaped curve across the lifespan which was similar between sexes. Those with a higher aerobic capacity or higher glucose concentration had higher OGN levels. Our data suggest an association between OGN and aerobic fitness and glucose regulation. Future studies should focus on exploring the potential of OGN as a biomarker for chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Navabeh Zarekookandeh
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Malamouli M, Levinger I, McAinch AJ, Trewin AJ, Rodgers RJ, Moreno-Asso A. The mitochondrial profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: impact of exercise. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 68:R11-R23. [PMID: 35060480 PMCID: PMC8942332 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting pre-menopausal women and involves metabolic dysregulation. Despite the high prevalence of insulin resistance, the existence of mitochondrial dysregulation and its role in the pathogenesis of PCOS is not clear. Exercise is recommended as the first-line therapy for women with PCOS. In particular, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is known to improve metabolic health and enhance mitochondrial characteristics. In this narrative review, the existing knowledge of mitochondrial characteristics in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of women with PCOS and the effect of exercise interventions in ameliorating metabolic and mitochondrial health in these women are discussed. Even though the evidence on mitochondrial dysfunction in PCOS is limited, some studies point to aberrant mitochondrial functions mostly in skeletal muscle, while there is very little research in adipose tissue. Although most exercise intervention studies in PCOS report improvements in metabolic health, they show diverse and inconclusive findings in relation to mitochondrial characteristics. A limitation of the current study is the lack of comprehensive mitochondrial analyses and the diversity in exercise modalities, with only one study investigating the impact of HIIT alone. Therefore, further comprehensive large-scale exercise intervention studies are required to understand the association between metabolic dysfunction and aberrant mitochondrial profile, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the exercise-induced metabolic adaptations in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Malamouli
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond J Rodgers
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Giuliano C, Vicendese D, Vogrin S, Lane R, Driscoll A, Dinh D, Palmer K, Levinger I, Neil C. Predictors of Referral to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients following Hospitalisation with Heart Failure: A Multivariate Regression Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051232. [PMID: 35268323 PMCID: PMC8910897 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This exploratory observational case−control study investigated the rate of referral to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) among patients hospitalised with heart failure (HF) and identified factors associated with referral. Methods: Patients hospitalised with HF as identified by the Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry HF study were included. Factors found to be univariately associated with referral were selected for multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 1281 patients (mean age: 76.9 years; 32.8% HFrEF and 33.9% HfpEF), 125 (9.8%) were referred to CR. Patients referred were younger (73.6 (2.7, 81.5) vs. 80.2 (71.1, 86.5) p < 0.001) and were more likely to be men (72%, p < 0.001). Factors associated with referral included inpatient percutaneous coronary intervention (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.04−10.48; p = 0.04), an aetiology of ischaemic or rhythm-related cardiomyopathy, and anticoagulants prescribed on discharge. Factors that lowered the likelihood of referral included older age, female, receiving inpatient oxygen therapy, and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or anaemia. Conclusions: The rate of referral to CR following hospitalisation with HF is low. Shortfalls are particularly evident among females, older patients, and in those with COPD or anaemia. Future studies should focus on improving referral processes and translating proven strategies that increase referrals to CR into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Giuliano
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (R.L.); (I.L.); (C.N.)
- Department of Cardiology, Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Don Vicendese
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia;
| | - Rebecca Lane
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (R.L.); (I.L.); (C.N.)
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Andrea Driscoll
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Diem Dinh
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Katie Palmer
- Department of Physiotherapy, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3175, Australia;
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (R.L.); (I.L.); (C.N.)
- Department of Cardiology, Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia;
| | - Christopher Neil
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (R.L.); (I.L.); (C.N.)
- Department of Cardiology, Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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21
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Parker A, Dash S, Bourke M, Patten R, Craike M, Baldwin P, Hosking W, Levinger I, Apostolopoulos V, de Courten M, Sharples J, Naslund M, Stavropoulos V, Woessner M, Sonn C, Stansen C, Pascoe M. A brief, daily, online mental health and wellbeing intervention for university staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Program description and outcomes using a mixed methods design. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e35776. [PMID: 35044304 PMCID: PMC8887557 DOI: 10.2196/35776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unprecedented changes and isolation measures to contain the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have had multiple psychological and social impacts, with implications for professional and personal functioning. Evidence-informed interventions that can be rapidly implemented under pandemic conditions to support mental health during such times were urgently needed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a daily online mental health promotion program for tertiary education staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The 'VU Elevenses' program was delivered as an uncontrolled intervention at Victoria University (VU) in the western metropolitan region of Melbourne, Australia. In April 2020, an email invitation was sent to all academic and professional staff inviting them to: 1) participate in the program; and 2) opt-in to the research component. The 'VU Elevenses' program provided 10-15-minute micro-interventions comprising lifestyle and wellbeing strategies to promote mental health, via an online meeting platform, at 11am each weekday. A mixed-method approach was used to evaluate the program, combining structured questionnaires with semi-structured interviews to investigate the experiences of staff who participated in the program. RESULTS Between 16-90 participants provided weekly program feedback. A total of 106 university staff opted into the longitudinal research component and 10 staff participated in the interviews. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with sessions and perceived benefits for mental health. Approximately one quarter of participants reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress at baseline, with significant reductions in these symptoms in the first seven weeks of the program, corresponding with easing in mandatory isolation ('lockdown') restrictions. However, symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress all increased when lockdown measures were reintroduced, but not to the same levels as the initial lockdown period. Overall changes in depression and anxiety from baseline to the end of the program were explained by changes in COVID related distress, whereas changes in self-compassion explained changes in stress. CONCLUSIONS We show that it is feasible and acceptable to develop and deliver a program of brief interventions in a timely manner, using a simple and accessible online platform. Although participation in the program was initially associated with reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, participants' mental health worsened with the reintroduction of a 'lockdown' period. However, as symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress did not return to levels observed at the start of the VU Elevenses program, participation in the uncontrolled intervention may have offered a protective benefit against the impact of the second significant lockdown period. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Ballarat Road, Footscray, AU.,Orygen, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AU
| | - Sarah Dash
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Matthew Bourke
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Rhiannon Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU.,Mitchell Institute, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Pater Baldwin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Warwick Hosking
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, AU
| | | | | | - Jenny Sharples
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Monika Naslund
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | | | - Mary Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Christopher Sonn
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Caroline Stansen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU
| | - Michaela Pascoe
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, AU.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, AU
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22
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Yang CH, Ann-Onda D, Lin X, Fynch S, Nadarajah S, Pappas EG, Liu X, Scott JW, Oakhill JS, Galic S, Shi Y, Moreno-Asso A, Smith C, Loudovaris T, Levinger I, Eizirik DL, Laybutt DR, Herzog H, Thomas HE, Loh K. Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonism protects β-cells and improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2021; 55:101413. [PMID: 34890851 PMCID: PMC8733231 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loss of functional β-cell mass is a key factor contributing to poor glycemic control in advanced type 2 diabetes (T2D). We have previously reported that the inhibition of the neuropeptide Y1 receptor improves the islet transplantation outcome in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to identify the pathophysiological role of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system in human T2D and further evaluate the therapeutic potential of using the Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 to improve β-cell function and survival in T2D. METHODS The gene expression of the NPY system in human islets from nondiabetic subjects and subjects with T2D was determined and correlated with the stimulation index. The glucose-lowering and β-cell-protective effects of BIBO3304, a selective orally bioavailable Y1 receptor antagonist, in high-fat diet (HFD)/multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and genetically obese (db/db) T2D mouse models were assessed. RESULTS In this study, we identified a more than 2-fold increase in NPY1R and its ligand, NPY mRNA expression in human islets from subjects with T2D, which was significantly associated with reduced insulin secretion. Consistently, the pharmacological inhibition of Y1 receptors by BIBO3304 significantly protected β cells from dysfunction and death under multiple diabetogenic conditions in islets. In a preclinical study, we demonstrated that the inhibition of Y1 receptors by BIBO3304 led to reduced adiposity and enhanced insulin action in the skeletal muscle. Importantly, the Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 treatment also improved β-cell function and preserved functional β-cell mass, thereby resulting in better glycemic control in both HFD/multiple low-dose STZ-induced and db/db T2D mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a novel causal link between increased islet NPY-Y1 receptor gene expression and β-cell dysfunction and failure in human T2D, contributing to the understanding of the pathophysiology of T2D. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the inhibition of the Y1 receptor by BIBO3304 represents a potential β-cell-protective therapy for improving functional β-cell mass and glycemic control in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Yang
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| | - Danise Ann-Onda
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Stacey Fynch
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | | | - Evan G Pappas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - John W Scott
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Sandra Galic
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Yanchuan Shi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
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23
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Feehan J, Smith C, Tripodi N, Degabrielle E, Al Saedi A, Vogrin S, Duque G, Levinger I. Higher Levels of Circulating Osteoprogenitor Cells Are Associated With Higher Bone Mineral Density and Lean Mass in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10561. [PMID: 34761152 PMCID: PMC8567483 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating osteo progenitor (COP) cells are a heterogeneous population of cells that circulate within the peripheral blood with characteristics of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem and progenitor pool. Little is known about the behavior of this cell population in humans. The aim of this study was to identify whether a relationship exists between COP cells (as a percentage of the peripheral blood monocytic cells) and musculoskeletal morphometry and to identify if COP have potential clinical utility as a biomarker for osteoporosis. We recruited 57 older adults (median age: 69 years; IQR: 65, 75 years) living independently in the community and performed cross‐sectional analysis to identify associations between the percentage of COP cells and body composition parameters, and through receiver operating characteristic analysis, we evaluated their ability to act as a biomarker of osteoporosis. COP cells were moderately associated with whole‐body bone mineral density (BMD) (r = 0.323, p = 0.014) and bone mineral content (BMC) (r = 0.387, p = 0.003), neck of femur BMD (r = 0.473, p < 0.001), and BMC (r = 0.461, p < 0.001) as well as appendicular lean mass (ALM) (p = 0.038) and male sex (p = 0.044) in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis controlling for age, gender, height, and weight, COP cells remained strongly associated with neck of femur BMD (p = 0.001) and content (p = 0.003). COP cells were also a good predictor of osteoporosis (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry [DXA] T‐score < −2.5) at the neck of femur (cutoff: 0.4%; sensitivity: 100%; specificity 79%) and total body (cutoff: 0.35%; sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 81%). This study shows strong relationships between bone parameters and COP cell number and male sex. They also have potential as a biomarker of osteoporosis, which may provide a new tool for advanced detection and screening in clinical settings. Future larger evaluation studies should verify the cutoffs for biomarker use, and further explore the relationship between COP cells and muscle. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Feehan
- Department of Medicine - Western Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health The University of Melbourne and Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health The University of Melbourne and Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Nicholas Tripodi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health The University of Melbourne and Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Elizabeth Degabrielle
- Department of Medicine - Western Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health The University of Melbourne and Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Ahmed Al Saedi
- Department of Medicine - Western Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health The University of Melbourne and Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Medicine - Western Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health The University of Melbourne and Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of Medicine - Western Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health The University of Melbourne and Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Department of Medicine - Western Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health The University of Melbourne and Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport (IHES) Victoria University Melbourne VIC Australia
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24
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Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two conditions associated with aging and characterized by a simultaneous decline in bone and muscle mass, respectively. These conditions share common risk factors (genetic, endocrine, nutritional and lifestyle factors) and biological pathways that often co-exist in a syndrome known as osteosarcopenia. Among the endocrine causes, estrogens play a critical role, especially in women. Estrogens have been demonstrated to exert a positive effect on bone and muscle development and maintenance. For this reason, menopause is characterized by a loss in bone mineral density and skeletal muscle quality and quantity. To date, studies indicate a positive effect of hormonal therapy on the prevention and management of osteoporosis, to the point that estrogen is prescribed as a first-line treatment for osteoporosis by the major international authorities. While results on sarcopenia are still disputable, such that estrogens are not recommended to prevent muscle loss in postmenopausal women, increased response to anabolic stimuli with estrogen therapy suggests similar beneficial effects on muscle as seen with bone, particularly when combined with resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mandelli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - E Tacconi
- Explorer Training S.r.l. Massa and Cozzile, Tuscany, Italy
| | - I Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - G Duque
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - A Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
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25
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Liu X, Yeap BB, Brock KE, Levinger I, Golledge J, Flicker L, Brennan-Speranza TC. Associations of Osteocalcin Forms With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Individual Components in Older Men: The Health In Men Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3506-e3518. [PMID: 34003927 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The osteoblast-derived polypeptide, osteocalcin (OC), has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in several epidemiological studies. Animal studies have indicated the undercarboxylated form of OC (ucOC) drives its association with metabolic outcomes. OBJECTIVE We compared associations of ucOC and carboxylated OC (cOC) with MetS and its components in older men. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 2575 men aged ≥70 years and older resident in Perth, Western Australia. ucOC was assayed using a hydroxyapatite-binding method, and cOC calculated by subtracting ucOC from total OC. Main outcome measures were MetS and its components. RESULTS Both lower serum ucOC and cOC levels, and the proportion of cOC (%cOC) were associated with less favorable metabolic parameters (higher waist circumference, triglyceride, glucose, blood pressure, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), whereas inverse associations were found with %ucOC. Men in the lowest quintile of ucOC had higher risk of MetS compared to men in the highest quintile (Q1 ≤ 7.7 vs Q5 > 13.8 ng/mL; OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2). Men in the lowest quintile of cOC had higher risk of MetS compared to those in the highest quintile (≤ 5.8 vs > 13.0 ng/mL; OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2). CONCLUSION Lower concentrations of serum ucOC or cOC were associated with less favorable metabolic parameters and a higher risk of MetS. In contrast, a lower proportion of ucOC was associated with better metabolic parameters and lower MetS risk. Further research is warranted to determine whether ucOC and cOC are suitable biomarkers for cardiometabolic risk in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kaye E Brock
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Levinger
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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27
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Woessner MN, Tacey A, Levinger-Limor A, Parker AG, Levinger P, Levinger I. The Evolution of Technology and Physical Inactivity: The Good, the Bad, and the Way Forward. Front Public Health 2021; 9:655491. [PMID: 34123989 PMCID: PMC8193221 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.655491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of time people explored and developed new technologies to make their activities of daily living less labour intense, more efficient and, consequently, more sedentary. In addition, technological advances in medicine throughout history have led to a substantial increase in life expectancy. However, the combination of increased sedentary behaviour and increased life-expectancy resulted in a sharp increase in overweight and obesity related chronic conditions and illness. Although people may live longer, they are doing so with poorer physical function and a reduced quality of life. In this review we explore how technological advances have influenced people's sedentary behaviour and, through the lens of the affective-reflective theory (ART), we propose a means by which technology could be repurposed to encourage greater engagement in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Alexandra G Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pazit Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
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28
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Ross DS, Yeh TH, King S, Mathers J, Rybchyn MS, Neist E, Cameron M, Tacey A, Girgis CM, Levinger I, Mason RS, Brennan-Speranza TC. Distinct Effects of a High Fat Diet on Bone in Skeletally Mature and Developing Male C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051666. [PMID: 34068953 PMCID: PMC8157111 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased risks of skeletal fractures are common in patients with impaired glucose handling and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of skeletal fragility in these patients remains ill-defined as patients present with normal to high bone mineral density. With increasing cases of glucose intolerance and T2DM it is imperative that we develop an accurate rodent model for further investigation. We hypothesized that a high fat diet (60%) administered to developing male C57BL/6J mice that had not reached skeletal maturity would over represent bone microarchitectural implications, and that skeletally mature mice would better represent adult-onset glucose intolerance and the pre-diabetes phenotype. Two groups of developing (8 week) and mature (12 week) male C57BL/6J mice were placed onto either a normal chow (NC) or high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed throughout the study period. Long bones were excised and analysed for ex vivo biomechanical testing, micro-computed tomography, 2D histomorphometry and gene/protein expression analyses. The HFD increased fasting blood glucose and significantly reduced glucose tolerance in both age groups by week 7 of the diets. The HFD reduced biomechanical strength, both cortical and trabecular indices in the developing mice, but only affected cortical outcomes in the mature mice. Similar results were reflected in the 2D histomorphometry. Tibial gene expression revealed decreased bone formation in the HFD mice of both age groups, i.e., decreased osteocalcin expression and increased sclerostin RNA expression. In the mature mice only, while the HFD led to a non-significant reduction in runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) RNA expression, this decrease became significant at the protein level in the femora. Our mature HFD mouse model more accurately represents late-onset impaired glucose tolerance/pre-T2DM cases in humans and can be used to uncover potential insights into reduced bone formation as a mechanism of skeletal fragility in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean S. Ross
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (D.S.R.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (M.S.R.); (E.N.); (M.C.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Yeh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (D.S.R.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (M.S.R.); (E.N.); (M.C.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Shalinie King
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (D.S.R.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (M.S.R.); (E.N.); (M.C.); (R.S.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Julia Mathers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (D.S.R.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (M.S.R.); (E.N.); (M.C.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Mark S. Rybchyn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (D.S.R.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (M.S.R.); (E.N.); (M.C.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Elysia Neist
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (D.S.R.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (M.S.R.); (E.N.); (M.C.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Melissa Cameron
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (D.S.R.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (M.S.R.); (E.N.); (M.C.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia; (A.T.); (I.L.)
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans 3021, Australia
| | - Christian M. Girgis
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia;
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia; (A.T.); (I.L.)
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans 3021, Australia
| | - Rebecca S. Mason
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (D.S.R.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (M.S.R.); (E.N.); (M.C.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Tara C. Brennan-Speranza
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (D.S.R.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.K.); (J.M.); (M.S.R.); (E.N.); (M.C.); (R.S.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-4099
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29
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Smith C, Lin X, Scott D, Brennan-Speranza TC, Al Saedi A, Moreno-Asso A, Woessner M, Bani Hassan E, Eynon N, Duque G, Levinger I. Uncovering the Bone-Muscle Interaction and Its Implications for the Health and Function of Older Adults (the Wellderly Project): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e18777. [PMID: 33835038 PMCID: PMC8065561 DOI: 10.2196/18777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone and muscle are closely linked anatomically, biochemically, and metabolically. Acute exercise affects both bone and muscle, implying a crosstalk between the two systems. However, how these two systems communicate is still largely unknown. We will explore the role of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) in this crosstalk. ucOC is involved in glucose metabolism and has a potential role in muscle maintenance and metabolism. OBJECTIVE The proposed trial will determine if circulating ucOC levels in older adults at baseline and following acute exercise are associated with parameters of muscle function and if the ucOC response to exercise varies between older adults with low muscle quality and those with normal or high muscle quality. METHODS A total of 54 men and women aged 60 years or older with no history of diabetes and warfarin and vitamin K use will be recruited. Screening tests will be performed, including those for functional, anthropometric, and clinical presentation. On the basis of muscle quality, a combined equation of lean mass (leg appendicular skeletal muscle mass in kg) and strength (leg press; one-repetition maximum), participants will be stratified into a high or low muscle function group and randomized into the controlled crossover acute intervention. Three visits will be performed approximately 7 days apart, and acute aerobic exercise, acute resistance exercise, and a control session (rest) will be completed in any order. Our primary outcome for this study is the effect of acute exercise on ucOC in older adults with low muscle function and those with high muscle function. RESULTS The trial is active and ongoing. Recruitment began in February 2018, and 38 participants have completed the study as of May 26, 2019. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide novel insights into bone and muscle crosstalk in older adults, potentially identifying new clinical biomarkers and mechanistic targets for drug treatments for sarcopenia and other related musculoskeletal conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001756213; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375925. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ebrahim Bani Hassan
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Background The bone-derived protein osteocalcin (OC), in its undercarboxylated (ucOC) form, has a beneficial effect on energy metabolism and may be a future therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. Increasing evidence suggests a link between ucOC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development; however, the exact relationship is conflicting and unclear. Scope of review The aim of this review was to summarise the current research examining the interaction between OC and vascular dysfunction, the initiating stage in the development of atherosclerosis and CVD. Major conclusions In humans, the association between OC and vascular function is inconsistent. Several studies report that total OC (tOC) is associated with adverse function or beneficial function, whereas others report that tOC and ucOC has no effect on vascular function. The conflicting data are likely due to several methodological inconsistencies, in particular the lack of studies reporting circulating ucOC levels. In animal models, the direct administration of ucOC to isolated blood vessels ex vivo produced minimal changes in endothelial function, but importantly, no adverse responses. Finally, in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, ucOC treatment did not influence classical markers of cellular function, including endothelin-1, vascular adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 after exposure to high glucose and inflammatory conditions. The lack of adverse effects in ex vivo and in vitro studies suggests that ucOC may be targeted as a future therapeutic for metabolic diseases, without the risk of detrimental effects in the vasculature. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate whether there is a direct beneficial influence of ucOC. ucOC is implicated in the regulation of glucose homeostasis; but its role in the vasculature has been minimally reported. Studies which examine the association between ucOC and vascular function in humans often report inconsistent outcomes. In addition, ex vivo and in vitro studies have reported that ucOC likely does not directly regulate endothelial function. ucOC may be targeted as a therapeutic treatment for metabolic diseases without a risk of adverse effects in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.
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Smith C, Lewis JR, Sim M, Lim WH, Lim EM, Blekkenhorst LC, Brennan-Speranza TC, Adams L, Byrnes E, Duque G, Levinger I, Prince RL. Higher Undercarboxylated to Total Osteocalcin Ratio Is Associated With Reduced Physical Function and Increased 15-Year Falls-Related Hospitalizations: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:523-530. [PMID: 33615560 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from animal models suggests that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is involved in muscle mass maintenance and strength. In humans, the ucOC to total (t)OC ratio may be related to muscle strength and perhaps physical function and falls risk, but data are limited. We tested the hypothesis that ucOC and ucOC/tOC ratio are associated with muscle function (muscle strength and physical function) in older women and 15-year falls-related hospitalizations. Serum tOC and ucOC were assessed in 1261 older women (mean age 75.2 ± 2.7 years) forming the Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women (1998 to 2013). Timed-up-and-go (TUG) and grip strength were assessed at baseline and at 5 years. Falls-related hospitalizations (14.5-year follow-up) were captured by the Hospital Morbidity Data Collection, via the Western Australian Data Linkage System. At baseline, women with higher ucOC/tOC ratio (quartile 4) had slower TUG performance compared with quartile 1 (~0.68 seconds, p < .01). Grip strength and 5-year change of TUG and grip were not different (p > .05) between quartiles. Fear of falling limiting house, outdoor, and combined activities was significantly different across quartiles (p < .05). Higher ucOC/tOC was significantly associated with poorer TUG performance at baseline and 5-year change in performance, increased walking aid use, and fear of falling (all p < .05). Higher ucOC was related to lower grip strength at baseline (p < .05) but not 5-year change in strength. Those with the highest ucOC/tOC had greater falls-related hospitalizations (unadjusted log rank, p = .004) remaining significant after adjusting for key variables (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.57, p = .004). We identified a large proportion of older women with high ucOC/tOC ratio who had reduced physical function, including its long-term decline and increased risk of falls-related hospitalizations. Early identification of women at higher risk can enable prevention and intervention strategies to occur, reducing risk for injurious falls. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wai H Lim
- Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Ee Mun Lim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leon Adams
- Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Byrnes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Australia
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Hiam D, Landen S, Jacques M, Voisin S, Alvarez-Romero J, Byrnes E, Chubb P, Levinger I, Eynon N. Osteocalcin and its forms respond similarly to exercise in males and females. Bone 2021; 144:115818. [PMID: 33338665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute exercise increases osteocalcin (OC), a marker of bone turnover, and in particular the undercarboxylated form (ucOC). Males and females differ in baseline levels of total OC and it is thought the hormonal milieu may be driving these differences. Males and females adapt differently to the same exercise intervention, however it is unclear whether the exercise effects on OC are also sex-specific. We tested whether the responses of OC and its forms to acute High Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) differed between males and females. Secondly, we examined whether sex hormones vary with OC forms within sexes to understand if these are driving factor in any potential sex differences. METHODS Total OC (tOC), undercarboxylated OC (ucOC), and carboxylated OC (cOC) were measured in serum of 96 healthy participants from the Gene SMART cohort (74 males and 22 females) at rest, immediately after, and 3 h after a single bout of HIIE, and at rest, 48 h after completing a four week HIIT intervention. Baseline testosterone and estradiol were also measured for a subset of the cohort (Males = 38, Females = 20). Linear mixed models were used to a) uncover the sex-specific effects of acute exercise and short-term training on OC forms and b) to examine whether the sex hormones were associated with OC levels. RESULTS At baseline, males had higher levels of tOC, cOC, and ucOC than females (q < 0.01). In both sexes tOC, and ucOC increased to the same extent after acute HIIE. At baseline, in males only, higher testosterone was associated with higher ucOC (β = 3.37; q < 0.046). Finally, tOC and ucOC did not change following 4 weeks of HIIT. CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION While there were no long-term changes in OC and its forms. tOC and ucOC were transiently enhanced after a bout of HIIE similarly in both sexes. This may be important in metabolic signalling in skeletal muscle and bone suggesting that regular exercise is needed to maintain these benefits. Overall, these data suggest that the sex differences in exercise adaptations do not extend to the bone turnover marker, OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Alvarez-Romero
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Byrnes
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - P Chubb
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - I Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Smith C, Tacey A, Mesinovic J, Scott D, Lin X, Brennan-Speranza TC, Lewis JR, Duque G, Levinger I. The effects of acute exercise on bone turnover markers in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review. Bone 2021; 143:115766. [PMID: 33227507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone turnover is the cellular machinery responsible for bone integrity and strength and, in the clinical setting, it is assessed using bone turnover markers (BTMs). Acute exercise can induce mechanical stress on bone which is needed for bone remodelling, but to date, there are conflicting results in regards to the effects of varying mechanical stimuli on BTMs. OBJECTIVES This systematic review examines the effects of acute aerobic, resistance and impact exercises on BTMs in middle and older-aged adults and examines whether the responses are determined by the exercise mode, intensity, age and sex. METHODS We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and EMBASE up to 22nd April 2020. Eligibility criteria included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm studies that included middle-aged (50 to 65 years) and older adults (>65 years) and, a single-bout, acute-exercise (aerobic, resistance, impact) intervention with measurement of BTMs. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020145359. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included; 8 in middle-aged (n = 275, 212 women/63 men, mean age = 57.9 ± 1.5 years) and 5 in older adults (n = 93, 50 women/43 men, mean age = 68.2 ± 2.2 years). Eleven studies included aerobic exercise (AE, 7 middle-aged/4 older adults), and two included resistance exercise (RE, both middle-aged). AE significantly increased C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone-ALP in middle-aged and older adults. AE also significantly increased total osteocalcin (tOC) in middle-aged men and Procollagen I Carboxyterminal Propeptide and Cross-Linked Carboxyterminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen in older women. RE alone decreased ALP in older adults. In middle-aged adults, RE with impact had no effect on tOC or BALP, but significantly decreased CTX. Impact (jumping) exercise alone increased Procollagen Type 1 N Propeptide and tOC in middle-aged women. CONCLUSION Acute exercise is an effective tool to modify BTMs, however, the response appears to be exercise modality-, intensity-, age- and sex-specific. There is further need for higher quality and larger RCTs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Jakub Mesinovic
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Diabetes & Metabolic Disease Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.
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Smith C, Scott D, Ebeling P, Levinger I. Letter to the Editor: Osteosarcopenia in Reproductive-Aged Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e391-e392. [PMID: 32948878 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Li D, Li H, Bauer C, Hu Y, Lewis JR, Xu A, Levinger I, Wang Y. Lipocalin-2 Variants and Their Relationship With Cardio-Renal Risk Factors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:781763. [PMID: 34938273 PMCID: PMC8685543 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.781763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the serum, plasma and urine levels of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) variants in healthy humans and their associations with risk factors for cardiometabolic (CMD) and chronic kidney (CKD) diseases. METHODS Fifty-nine males and 41 females participated in the study. Blood and urine were collected following an overnight fasting. LCN2 variants were analyzed using validated in-house ELISA kits. Heart rate, blood pressure, lipids profile, glucose, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), creatinine, cystatin C, and biomarkers for kidney function were assessed. RESULTS The levels of hLcn2, C87A and R81E in serum and urine, but not plasma, were significantly higher in men than women. Increased levels of LCN2 variants, as well as their relative ratios, in serum and plasma were positively associated with body mass index, blood pressure, triglyceride and hsCRP (P<0.05). No significant correlations were found between these measures and hLcn2, C87A or R81E in urine. However, LCN2 variants in urine, but not plasma or serum, were correlated with biomarkers of kidney function (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both the serum and plasma levels of LCN2 variants, as well as their ratios are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, whereas those in urine are correlated with renal dysfunction. LCN2 variants represent promising biomarkers for CMD and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haoyun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carlie Bauer
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joshua R. Lewis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, University of Melbourne, Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Wang,
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Tacey A, Smith C, Woessner MN, Chubb P, Neil C, Duque G, Hayes A, Zulli A, Levinger I. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin is associated with vascular function in female older adults but does not influence vascular function in male rabbit carotid artery ex vivo. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242774. [PMID: 33237935 PMCID: PMC7688178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are conflicting reports on the association of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) in cardiovascular disease development, including endothelial function and hypertension. We tested whether ucOC is related to blood pressure and endothelial function in older adults, and if ucOC directly affects endothelial-mediated vasodilation in the carotid artery of rabbits. Methods In older adults, ucOC, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD) were measured (n = 38, 26 post-menopausal women and 12 men, mean age 73 ± 0.96). The vasoactivity of the carotid artery was assessed in male New Zealand White rabbits following a four-week normal or atherogenic diet using perfusion myography. An ucOC dose response curve (0.3–45 ng/ml) was generated following incubation of the arteries for 2-hours in either normal or high glucose conditions. Results ucOC levels were higher in normotensive older adults compared to those with stage 2 hypertension (p < 0.05), particularly in women (p < 0.01). In all participants, higher ucOC was associated with lower PWV (p < 0.05), but not BAFMD (p > 0.05). In rabbits, ucOC at any dose did not alter vasoactivity of the carotid artery, either following a normal or an atherogenic diet (p > 0.05). Conclusion Increased ucOC is associated with lower blood pressure and increased arterial stiffness, particularly in post-menopausal women. However, ucOC administration has no direct short-term effect on endothelial function in rabbit arteries. Future studies should explore whether treatment with ucOC, in vivo, has direct or indirect effects on blood vessel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary N. Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Chubb
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher Neil
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Tacey A, Sim M, Smith C, Woessner MN, Byrnes E, Lewis JR, Brennan-Speranza T, Hodgson JM, Blekkenhorst LC, Levinger I. Association between Circulating Osteocalcin and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors following a 4-Week Leafy Green Vitamin K-Rich Diet. Ann Nutr Metab 2020; 76:361-367. [DOI: 10.1159/000511660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Evidence suggests that lower serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) may be negatively associated with cardiometabolic health. We investigated whether individuals with a suppression of ucOC following an increase in dietary vitamin K1 exhibit a relative worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Men (<i>n</i> = 20) and women (<i>n</i> = 10) aged 62 ± 10 years participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. The primary analysis involved using data obtained from participants following a high vitamin K1 diet (HK; 4-week intervention of increased leafy green vegetable intake). High and low responders were defined based on the median percent reduction (30%) in ucOC following the HK diet. Blood pressure (resting and 24 h), arterial stiffness, plasma glucose, lipid concentrations, and serum OC forms were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Following the HK diet, ucOC and ucOC/tOC were suppressed more (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in high responders (41 and 29%) versus low responders (12 and 10%). The reduction in ucOC and ucOC/tOC was not associated with changes in blood pressure, arterial stiffness, plasma glucose, or lipid concentrations in the high responders (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Suppression of ucOC via consumption of leafy green vegetables has no negative effects on cardiometabolic health, perhaps, in part, because of cross-talk mechanisms.
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Brennan-Speranza TC, Ross D, Levinger I. Time of phenotype onset critical for modelling skeletal effects of T2DM. Bone Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Liu X, Liu Y, Mathers J, Cameron M, Levinger I, Yeap BB, Lewis JR, Brock KE, Brennan-Speranza TC. Osteocalcin and measures of adiposity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:145. [PMID: 32945990 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteocalcin, the osteoblast-derived protein, has been shown to be modulated in patients with problematic glucose metabolism. Our systematic review and meta-analysis found that in humans, higher blood osteocalcin level is associated with lower body indices of fat. PURPOSE/INTRODUCTION Osteocalcin (OC) was found to be inversely correlated with measures of glucose and energy metabolism, with some groups suggesting the undercarboxylated form (ucOC) to be metabolically active, although the link is not clear, especially in humans. Given obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, we aimed to assess the correlation between OC and two measures of body weight: body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF). METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify observational studies in adult populations that reported the crude correlation coefficients (r) between OC and BMI and %BF. Pool r were obtained using random-effects models. RESULTS Fifty-one publications were included in this analysis. Both total OC (TOC) (pooled r = - 0.151, 95% CI - 0.17, - 0.130; I2 = 52%) and ucOC (pooled r = - 0.060, 95% CI - 0.103, - 0.016; I2 = 54%) were inversely correlated with BMI. The pooled r between TOC and BMI in Caucasian-and-other-regions (r = - 0.187) were stronger than those in Asian populations (r = - 0.126; intra-group p = 0.002; R2 = 0.21). The mean/median BMI of the reported cohort was the major contributor to between-study heterogeneity in correlation between TOC/ucOC and BMI (R2 = 0.28 and 0.77, respectively). Both TOC and ucOC were also inversely correlated with %BF (TOC: pooled r = - 0.185, 95% CI - 0.257 to - 0.112; ucOC: pooled r = - 0.181, 95% CI - 0.258 to - 0.101). CONCLUSION Higher OC and ucOC were correlated with lower BMI and %BF. The inverse correlations between TOC/ucOC and BMI appear to be affected by ethnicity and obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yihui Liu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Julia Mathers
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Cameron
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kaye E Brock
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Tacey A, Millar S, Qaradakhi T, Smith C, Hayes A, Anderson S, Zulli A, O'Sullivan S, Levinger I. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin has no adverse effect on endothelial function in rabbit aorta or human vascular cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2840-2849. [PMID: 32936958 PMCID: PMC7891339 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) improves glucose metabolism; however, its effects on endothelial cell function are unclear. We examined the biological effect of ucOC on endothelial function in animal models ex vivo and human cells in vitro. Isometric tension and immunohistochemistry techniques were used on the aorta of male New Zealand white rabbits and cell culture techniques were used on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) to assess the effect of ucOC in normal and high-glucose environments. Overall, ucOC, both 10 and 30 ng/ml, did not significantly alter acetylcholine-induced blood vessel relaxation in rabbits (p > .05). UcOC treatment did not cause any significant changes in the immunoreactivity of cellular signalling markers (p > .05). In HAEC, ucOC did not change any of the assessed outcomes (p > .05). UcOC has no negative effects on endothelial function which is important to reduce the risks of off target adverse effects if it will be used as a therapeutic option for metabolic disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Anderson
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saoirse O'Sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Giuliano C, Levinger I, Vogrin S, Neil CJ, Allen JD. PRIME-HF: Novel Exercise for Older Patients with Heart Failure. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 68:1954-1961. [PMID: 32293033 PMCID: PMC7540058 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that (1) older patients with heart failure (HF) can tolerate COMBined moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance training (COMBO), and (2) 4 weeks of Peripheral Remodeling through Intermittent Muscular Exercise (PRIME) before 4 weeks of COMBO will improve aerobic capacity and muscle strength to a greater extent than 8 weeks of COMBO. DESIGN Prospective randomized parallel open-label blinded end point. SETTING Single-site Australian metropolitan hospital. PARTICIPANTS Nineteen adults (72.8 ± 8.4 years of age) with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). INTERVENTION Participants were randomized to 4 weeks of PRIME or COMBO (phase 1). All participants subsequently completed 4 weeks of COMBO (phase 2). Sessions were twice a week for 60 minutes. PRIME is a low-mass, high-repetition regime (40% one-repetition maximum [1RM], eight strength exercises, 5 minutes each). COMBO training involved combined aerobic (40%-60% of peak aerobic capacity [VO2peak ], up to 20 minutes) and resistance training (50-70% 1RM, eight exercises, two sets of 10 repetitions). MEASUREMENTS We measured VO2peak , VO2 at anaerobic threshold (AT), and muscle voluntary contraction (MVC). RESULTS The PRIME group significantly increased VO2peak after 8 weeks (2.4 mL/kg/min; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .7-4.1; P = .004), whereas the COMBO group showed minimal change (.2; 95% CI -1.5 to 1.8). This produced a large between-group effect size of 1.0. VO2 at AT increased in the PRIME group (1.6 mL/kg/min; 95% CI .0-3.2) but not in the COMBO group (-1.2; 95% CI -2.9 to .4), producing a large between-group effect size. Total MVC increased significantly in both groups in comparison with baseline; however, the change was larger in the COMBO group (effect size = .6). CONCLUSION Traditional exercise approaches (COMBO) and PRIME improved strength. Only PRIME training produced statistically and clinically significant improvements to aerobic capacity. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that PRIME may have potential advantages for older patients with HFrEF and could be a possible alternative exercise modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Giuliano
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyWestern Health, Sunshine HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyWestern Health, Sunshine HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)MelbourneAustralia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)MelbourneAustralia
- Department of Medicine – Western HealthThe University of MelbourneAustralia
| | - Christopher James Neil
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyWestern Health, Sunshine HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Medicine – Western HealthThe University of MelbourneAustralia
| | - Jason David Allen
- Department of Kinesiology, Curry School of Education & Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
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Woessner MN, Levinger I, Allen JD, McIlvenna LC, Neil C. The Effect of Dietary Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation on Cardiac Function during Submaximal Exercise in Men with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF): A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072132. [PMID: 32709051 PMCID: PMC7400930 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a common end point for patients with coronary artery disease and it is characterized by exercise intolerance due, in part, to a reduction in cardiac output. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in cardiac function and patients with HFrEF have been identified as having reduced vascular NO. This pilot study aimed to investigate if nitrate supplementation could improve cardiac measures during acute, submaximal exercise. Five male participants (61 ± 3 years) with HFrEF (EF 32 ± 2.2%) completed this pilot study. All participants supplemented with inorganic nitrate (beetroot juice) or a nitrate-depleted placebo for ~13 days prior to testing. Participants completed a three-stage submaximal exercise protocol on a recumbent cycle ergometer with simultaneous echocardiography for calculation of cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), and total peripheral resistance (TPR). Heart rate and blood pressure were measured at rest and during each stage. Both plasma nitrate (mean = ~1028%, p = 0.004) and nitrite (mean = ~109%, p = 0.01) increased following supplementation. There were no differences between interventions at rest, but the percent change in SV and Q from rest to stage two and stage three of exercise was higher following nitrate supplementation (all p > 0.05, ES > 0.8). Both interventions showed decreases in TPR during exercise, but the percent reduction TPR in stages two and three was greater following nitrate supplementation (p = 0.09, ES = 0.98 and p = 0.14, ES = 0.82, respectively). There were clinically relevant increases in cardiac function during exercise following supplementation with nitrate. The findings from this pilot study warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary N. Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia; (I.L.); (J.D.A.); (L.C.M.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-04-2169-2161
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia; (I.L.); (J.D.A.); (L.C.M.); (C.N.)
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Jason D. Allen
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia; (I.L.); (J.D.A.); (L.C.M.); (C.N.)
- Department of Kinesiology & Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Luke C. McIlvenna
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia; (I.L.); (J.D.A.); (L.C.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Christopher Neil
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia; (I.L.); (J.D.A.); (L.C.M.); (C.N.)
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Western Health Chronic Disease Alliance, University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021 Australia
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43
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Allen JD, Neil C, McIlvenna LC, de Zevallos JO, Levinger I, Woessner MN. Dietary Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation And Exercise Tolerance In Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000677460.61664.9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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de Zevallos JO, Neil C, McIlvenna LC, Levinger I, Allen JD, Woessner MN. Dietary Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation And Ventilatory Threshold In Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000677448.10880.cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Semeraro MD, Smith C, Kaiser M, Levinger I, Duque G, Gruber HJ, Herrmann M. Physical activity, a modulator of aging through effects on telomere biology. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13803-13823. [PMID: 32575077 PMCID: PMC7377891 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that is not well understood but involves finite changes at the genetic and epigenetic level. Physical activity is a well-documented modulator of the physiological process of aging. It has been suggested that the beneficial health effects of regular exercise are at least partly mediated through its effects on telomeres and associated regulatory pathways. Telomeres, the region of repetitive nucleotide sequences functioning as a "cap" at the chromosomal ends, play an important role to protect genomic DNA from degradation. Telomeres of dividing cells progressively shorten with age. Leucocyte telomere length (TL) has been associated with age-related diseases. Epidemiologic evidence indicates a strong relationship between physical activity and TL. In addition, TL has also been shown to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Experimental studies support a functional link between aerobic exercise and telomere preservation through activation of telomerase, an enzyme that adds nucleotides to the telomeric ends. However, unresolved questions regarding exercise modalities, pathomechanistic aspects and analytical issues limit the interpretability of available data. This review provides an overview about the current knowledge in the area of telomere biology, aging and physical activity. Finally, the capabilities and limitations of available analytical methods are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Donatella Semeraro
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Kaiser
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hans-Juergen Gruber
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Lin X, Onda DA, Yang CH, Lewis JR, Levinger I, Loh K. Roles of bone-derived hormones in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular pathophysiology. Mol Metab 2020; 40:101040. [PMID: 32544571 PMCID: PMC7348059 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence demonstrates that bone is an endocrine organ capable of influencing multiple physiological and pathological processes through the secretion of hormones. Recent research suggests complex crosstalk between the bone and other metabolic and cardiovascular tissues. It was uncovered that three of these bone-derived hormones—osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and sclerostin—are involved in the endocrine regulations of cardiometabolic health and play vital roles in the pathophysiological process of developing cardiometabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cardiometabolic diseases and a major contributor to disease progression. Novel evidence also implicates important roles of bone-derived hormones in the regulation of chronic inflammation. Scope of review In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the physiological and pathological roles of osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and sclerostin in cardiometabolic health regulation and disease development, with a focus on the modulation of chronic inflammation. Major conclusions Evidence supports that osteocalcin has a protective role in cardiometabolic health, and an increase of lipocalin 2 contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases partly via pro-inflammatory effects. The roles of sclerostin appear to be complicated: It exerts pro-adiposity and pro-insulin resistance effects in type 2 diabetes and has an anti-calcification effect during cardiovascular disease. A better understanding of the actions of these bone-derived hormones in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases will provide crucial insights to help further research develop new therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhu Lin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
| | - Danise-Ann Onda
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Chieh-Hsin Yang
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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47
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Woessner MN, Neil C, Saner NJ, Goodman CA, McIlvenna LC, Ortiz de Zevallos J, Garnham A, Levinger I, Allen JD. Effect of inorganic nitrate on exercise capacity, mitochondria respiration, and vascular function in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1355-1364. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00850.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the largest study to date to examine the effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and the first to include measures of vascular function and mitochondrial respiration. Although daily supplementation increased plasma nitrite, our data indicate that supplementation with inorganic nitrate as a standalone treatment is ineffective at improving exercise capacity, vascular function, or mitochondrial respiration in patients with HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary N. Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Neil
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A. Goodman
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke C. McIlvenna
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joaquin Ortiz de Zevallos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Kinesiology and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason D. Allen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Kinesiology and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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48
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Sim M, Lewis JR, Prince RL, Levinger I, Brennan-Speranza TC, Palmer C, Bondonno CP, Bondonno NP, Devine A, Ward NC, Byrnes E, Schultz CJ, Woodman R, Croft K, Hodgson JM, Blekkenhorst LC. The effects of vitamin K-rich green leafy vegetables on bone metabolism: A 4-week randomised controlled trial in middle-aged and older individuals. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100274. [PMID: 32455149 PMCID: PMC7235933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High vegetable intake is associated with beneficial effects on bone. However, the mechanisms remain uncertain. Green leafy vegetables are a rich source of vitamin K1, which is known to have large effects on osteoblasts and osteocalcin (OC) metabolism. Objective To examine the effects of consumption of two to three extra serves of green leafy vegetables daily on bone metabolism. Methods Thirty individuals (mean age 61.8 ± 9.9 years, 67% male) completed three experimental phases in a randomised controlled crossover design, each lasting four weeks, with a washout period of four weeks between phases (clinical trial registration: ACTRN12615000194561). The three experimental phases were: (i) increased dietary vitamin K1 by consuming green leafy vegetables (H-K; ~200 g/d containing 164.3 [99.5-384.7] μg/d of vitamin K1); (ii) low vitamin K1 by consuming vitamin K1-poor vegetables (L-K; ~200 g/d containing 9.4 [7.7-11.6] μg/d of vitamin K1); and (iii) control (CON) where participants consumed an energy-matched non-vegetable control. OC forms, total OC (tOC), carboxylated OC (cOC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC), were measured in serum pre- and post-intervention for each experimental phase using a sandwich-electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results Pre-intervention tOC, ucOC and ucOC:tOC levels were similar between phases (P > .05). Following H-K, but not L-K, tOC, ucOC and ucOC:tOC levels were significantly lower compared to pre-intervention levels (P ≤ .001) and compared to CON (~14%, 31% and 19%, respectively, all P < .05), while cOC remained unchanged. Conclusions In middle-aged healthy men and women, an easily achieved increase in dietary intake of vitamin K1-rich green leafy vegetables substantially reduces serum tOC and ucOC suggesting increased entry of OC into bone matrix, where it may improve the material property of bone. In conjunction with previous epidemiological and randomised controlled trial data, these findings suggest that interventions to increase vegetable intake over extended periods should include bone end points including fracture risk.
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Key Words
- Ageing
- BMD, bone mineral density
- Bone
- CON, control
- CTX, collagen type I C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide
- FFQ, food frequency questionnaire
- GCMS, gas-chromatography mass spectrometry
- H-K, experimental phase with high vitamin K1 intake
- L-K, experimental phase with low vitamin K1 intake
- METs, metabolic equivalents
- MK, menaquinones
- Nutrition
- OC, osteocalcin
- Osteocalcin
- P1NP, N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen
- PK, phylloquinone
- RCT, randomised controlled trial
- USDA, United States Department of Agriculture
- VIABP, Vegetable intake and blood pressure study
- VKDP, vitamin K dependant proteins
- Vitamin K
- cOC, carboxylated osteocalcin
- tOC, total osteocalcin
- ucOC, undercarboxylated osteocalcin
- ucOC:tOC, fraction of undercarboxylated osteocalcin
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard L Prince
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Sir Charles Gardner Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire Palmer
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda Devine
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Byrnes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - Carl J Schultz
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, WA, Australia
| | - Richard Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kevin Croft
- School of Biomedical Science, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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49
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Qaradakhi T, Gadanec LK, McSweeney KR, Tacey A, Apostolopoulos V, Levinger I, Rimarova K, Egom EE, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Kubatka P, Zulli A. The potential actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) activator diminazene aceturate (DIZE) in various diseases. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:751-758. [PMID: 31901211 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) regulates fluid balance, blood pressure and maintains vascular tone. The potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (Ang II) produced by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) comprises the classical RAS. The non-classical RAS involves the conversion of Ang II via ACE2 into the vasodilator Ang (1-7) to counterbalance the effects of Ang II. Furthermore, ACE2 converts AngA into another vasodilator named alamandine. The over activation of the classical RAS (increased vasoconstriction) and depletion of the non-classical RAS (decreased vasodilation) results in vascular dysfunction. Vascular dysfunction is the leading cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, local RAS is expressed in various tissues and regulates cellular functions. RAS dysregulation is involved in other several diseases such as inflammation, renal dysfunction and even cancer growth. An approach in restoring vascular dysfunction and other pathological diseases is to either increase the activity of ACE2 or reduce the effect of the classical RAS by counterbalancing Ang II effects. The antitrypanosomal agent, diminazene aceturate (DIZE), is one approach in activating ACE2. DIZE has been shown to exert beneficial effects in CVD experimental models of hypertension, myocardial infarction, type 1 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Thus, this review focuses on DIZE and its effect in several tissues such as blood vessels, cardiac, renal, immune and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | | | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | - Kvetoslava Rimarova
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- Egom Clinical & Translational Research Services Ltd, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Borthers of Mercy Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.,Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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50
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Smith C, Voisin S, Al Saedi A, Phu S, Brennan-Speranza T, Parker L, Eynon N, Hiam D, Yan X, Scott D, Blekkenhorst LC, Lewis JR, Seeman E, Byrnes E, Flicker L, Duque G, Yeap BB, Levinger I. Osteocalcin and its forms across the lifespan in adult men. Bone 2020; 130:115085. [PMID: 31622778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteocalcin (OC), an osteoblast-specific secreted protein expressed by mature osteoblasts, is used in clinical practice and in research as a marker of bone turnover. The carboxylated (cOC) and undercarboxylated (ucOC) forms may have a different biological function but age-specific reference ranges for these components are not established. Given the different physiological roles, development of reference ranges may help to identify people at risk for bone disease. METHODS Blood was collected in the morning after an overnight fast from 236 adult men (18 to 92 years old) free of diabetes, antiresorptive, warfarin or glucocorticoid use. Serum was analyzed for total osteocalcin (tOC) and the ucOC fraction using the hydroxyapatite binding method. cOC, ucOC/tOC and cOC/tOC ratios were calculated. Reference intervals were established by polynomial quantile regression analysis. RESULTS The normal ranges for young men (≤30 years) were: tOC 17.9-56.8 ng/mL, ucOC 7.1-22.0 ng/mL, cOC 8.51-40.3 ng/mL (2.5th to 97.5th quantiles). Aging was associated with a "U" shaped pattern for tOC, cOC and ucOC levels. ucOC/tOC ratio was higher, while cOC/tOC ratio was lower in men of advanced age. Age explained ∼31%, while body mass index explained ∼4%, of the variance in the ratios. CONCLUSIONS We have defined normal reference ranges for the OC forms in Australian men and demonstrated that the OC ratios may be better measures, than the absolute values, to identify the age-related changes on OC in men. These ratios may be incorporated into future research and clinical trials, and their associations with prediction of events, such as fracture or diabetes risk, should be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Phu
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ego Seeman
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health and the Mary Mackillop Institute of Healthy Aging, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Byrnes
- Department of Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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