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Jess R, Summerour V, Garnham A, Wall ML, Al-Saadi N, Randhawa K. Successful treatment of a large profunda femoris artery aneurysm and associated pseudoaneurysm using endovascular stenting. J Surg Case Rep 2024; 2024:rjae221. [PMID: 38605693 PMCID: PMC11007636 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Profunda femoris artery aneurysms are a rare form of peripheral arterial aneurysm. In this report, we present the case of an 83-year-old lady who was found to have a 65 mm aneurysm arising from the proximal left profunda femoris artery and associated pseudoaneurysm. Successful treatment was achieved using an endovascular approach in which two stents were deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jess
- Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Summerour
- Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lewis Wall
- Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Al-Saadi
- Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran Randhawa
- Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, United Kingdom
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Knowles OE, Drinkwater EJ, Roberts SSH, Alexander SE, Abbott G, Garnham A, Lamon S, Aisbett B. Sustained Sleep Restriction Reduces Resistance Exercise Quality and Quantity in Females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:2167-2177. [PMID: 36136596 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female athletes sleep less and report more sleep problems than their male counterparts. Inadequate sleep reduces maximal strength in male athletes; however, little is known about the impact of sleep restriction (SR) on the quantity and quality of resistance exercise performed by female athletes. This study investigated the effect of nine nights of moderate SR on repeated resistance exercise performance, hormonal responses, and perceived fatigue in females. METHODS Ten healthy, resistance-trained, eumenorrheic females age 18-35 yr underwent nine nights of SR (5-h time in bed) and normal sleep (NS; ≥7-h time in bed) in a randomized, crossover fashion with a minimum 6-wk washout. Participants completed four resistance exercise sessions per trial, with blood samples collected before and after exercise. Exercise performance was assessed using volume load, reactive strength index, and mean concentric velocity with rating of perceived exertion recorded after exercise. Participants completed awakening saliva sampling and the Multi-component Training Distress Scale daily. RESULTS Volume load decreased trivially (<1%, P < 0.05) with SR. Mean concentric velocity per set was slower during SR for the lower-body (up to 15%, P < 0.05), but not the upper-body, compound lifts. Intraset velocity loss was up to 7% greater during SR for back squats ( P < 0.05). SR increased salivary cortisol area under the curve (by 42%), total training distress (by 84%), and session perceived exertion (by 11%). CONCLUSIONS Sustained SR reduces markers of resistance exercise quality (bar velocity) more than quantity (volume load) and increases perceived effort at the same relative intensity in resistance-trained females. Markers of exercise quality and internal load may be more sensitive than volume load, to advise coaches to the decline in lifting performance for female athletes experiencing SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E Knowles
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, AUSTRALIA
| | - Eric J Drinkwater
- Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, AUSTRALIA
| | - Spencer S H Roberts
- Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, AUSTRALIA
| | - Sarah E Alexander
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, AUSTRALIA
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, AUSTRALIA
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, AUSTRALIA
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, AUSTRALIA
| | - Brad Aisbett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, AUSTRALIA
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Leslie R, May S, Scordis C, Isgar V, Poulton P, Garnham A. Outcomes following supervised exercise and home-based exercise for patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Nurs 2022; 40:157-161. [PMID: 36435597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvn.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intermittent claudication (IC) is the most common symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) which presents as a consequence of muscle ischaemia resulting from the atherosclerotic obstruction to arterial flow. High-quality evidence (Lane et al., 2017) shows that exercise programmes provide important benefits compared with usual care in improving pain-free and maximum walking distance in people with IC, but do not improve ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI). METHODS Retrospective data were analysed to examine walking and ABPI outcomes for participants who completed a 12-week course of supervised or home-based exercise. All participants had a history of IC. RESULTS 46 participants (mean age 69±11 years; 76% male; 29% current smokers) referred for exercise were assessed, completed a 12-week course of exercise (home-based or supervised) and subsequently attended for re-assessment. Claudication onset distance (COD) increased by 363% (mean improvement 344.7 ± 265.1m; p < .001) and peak walking distance (PWD) by 324.4% in the supervised exercise group; COD increased by 30.6% (mean improvement 32.8 ± 57.2 m; p = 0.026) and PWD by 31.5% in the home-based exercise group. Resting ABPI for the total cohort significantly improved from 0.82 ± 0.25 at A1 to 0.88 ± 0.25 at A2 (p = 0.027). DISCUSSION A 12-week course of supervised exercise results in significantly greater walking distance outcomes (COD and PWD) than unmonitored home-based exercise. In contrast with previous findings (Lane et al. 2017), this retrospective study demonstrated a significant improvement in resting ABPI with both supervised exercise as well as home-based exercise. CONCLUSION A 12-week programme of exercise favourably influenced walking and ABPI outcomes for patients with IC. Both home-based exercise and supervised individualised exercise increased walking distances, but the magnitude of the improvement in walking outcomes was greater in individuals who attended supervised exercise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Leslie
- Chief Allied Health Professional, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton WV10 0QP, United Kingdom.
| | - S May
- Exercise Physiologist Cardiac Rehabilitation, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - C Scordis
- Specialist Exercise Physiologist Cardiac Rehabilitation, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - V Isgar
- Clinical Nurse Specialist Vascular, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - P Poulton
- Clinical Nurse Specialist Vascular, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - A Garnham
- Vascular Surgeon, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, United Kingdom
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4
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Smith C, Hiam D, Tacey A, Lin X, Woessner MN, Zarekookandeh N, Garnham A, Chubb P, Lewis JR, Sim M, Herrmann M, Duque G, Levinger I. Higher bone remodeling biomarkers are related to a higher muscle function in older adults: Effects of acute exercise. Bone 2022; 165:116545. [PMID: 36108920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone and muscle are closely linked mechanically and biochemically. Bone hormones secreted during bone remodeling might be linked to muscle mass and strength maintenance. Exercise elicits high mechanical strain and is essential for bone health. However, the relationship between commonly used bone turnover markers (BTMs) and muscle function in community dwelling older adults remains unclear. It is also unknown how acute exercise with differing mechanical strain may affect BTMs, and whether baseline muscle function alters BTM responses differently. We tested the hypothesis that BTMs are associated with muscle function, and that acute exercise could change the circulating levels of BTMs. Thirty-five older adults (25 females/10 males, 72.8 ± 6.0 years) participated. Baseline assessments included body composition (DXA), handgrip strength and a physical performance test (PPT) (gait speed, timed-up-and-go [TUG], stair ascent/descent). Leg muscle quality (LMQ) and stair climb power (SCP) were calculated. Participants performed (randomized) 30 min aerobic (AE) (cycling 70%HRPeak) and resistance (RE) (leg press 70%RM, jumping) exercise. Serum β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptides (β-CTX), procollagen of type I propeptide (P1NP), total osteocalcin (t)OC and ucOC were assessed at baseline and post-exercise. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models and simple regressions, adjusted for sex. At baseline, higher muscle strength (LMQ, handgrip) was related to higher P1NP, higher SCP was related to higher P1NP and β-CTX, and better physical performance (lower PPT) related to higher P1NP and β-CTX (p < 0.05). Exercise, regardless of mode, decreased β-CTX and tOC (all p < 0.05), while P1NP and ucOC remained unaltered. Higher baseline handgrip strength, SCP and LMQ was associated with lower post-exercise β-CTX responses, and poorer baseline mobility (increased TUG time) was associated with higher post-exercise β-CTX. Independently of exercise mode, acute exercise decreased β-CTX and tOC. Our data suggest that in older adults at baseline, increased BTM levels were linked to better muscle function. Altogether, our data strengthens the evidence for bone-muscle interaction, however, mechanisms behind this specific component of bone-muscle crostalk remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Navabeh Zarekookandeh
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Chubb
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia; Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Medical School, University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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de Velasco Oria de Rueda G, Plata Bello AC, Landeira M, Mateo M, Anguita P, Pranzo A, Snijder R, Garnham A, Hernández I. Incidence, prevalence, and treatment patterns in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in Spain: ECHOS study. Actas Urol Esp 2022; 46:557-564. [PMID: 36241525 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The management of patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has changed in recent years due to the approval of new drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, and treatment patterns in mHSPC in Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS Multicenter, observational, longitudinal, retrospective study in routine clinical practice of patients diagnosed with mHSPC treated in Spanish hospitals between 2015 and 2019 (ECHOS study). Electronic medical records were extracted from BIG-PAC database, which contains geographically representative Spanish centers. RESULTS Data from 379 men with mHSPC were included. The prevalence of mHSPC ranged between 12.2-14.6% per year, representing from 671 to 824 annual cases with an increasing trend. The mean incidence along the 4-year period was 2.5%, with annual incidence ranging 2.2-3.0%. New annual cases of de novo and recurrent disease ranged between 7-11 and 77-104, respectively, with no trend being observed. These patients were mostly recurrent (91%) with high-volume disease (68.6%). The most common first-line therapy was ADT combined with docetaxel (53%), followed by ADT alone (23.8%), combination of ADT and abiraterone (11.2%), and radiotherapy (8.6%). In the last 12 months before diagnosis of metastasis, most men had been submitted to radical prostatectomy (84.9%). The remaining patients had received radiotherapy (12%) or no treatment at all (3.8%). CONCLUSIONS The ECHOS study provides epidemiologic data and current patterns of treatment in clinical practice of patients with mHSPC in Spain. These results emphasize the medical need of targeted treatments in these clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A C Plata Bello
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Landeira
- Departamento Médico, Astellas Pharma S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - M Mateo
- Departamento Médico, Astellas Pharma S.A., Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Anguita
- Departamento Médico, Astellas Pharma S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - A Pranzo
- AIA Real World Data & Evidence, Astellas Pharma Ltd, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - R Snijder
- AIA Real World Data & Evidence, Astellas Pharma Ltd, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - A Garnham
- AIA Real World Data & Evidence, Astellas Pharma Ltd, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Siltari A, Lönnerbro R, Pang K, Shiranov K, Asiimwe A, Evans-Axelsson S, Franks B, Kiran A, Murtola TJ, Schalken J, Steinbeisser C, Bjartell A, Auvinen A, Smith E, N'Dow J, Plass K, Ribal M, Mottet N, Moris L, Lardas M, Van den Broeck T, Willemse PP, Gandaglia G, Campi R, Greco I, Gacci M, Serni S, Briganti A, Crosti D, Meoni M, Garzonio R, Bangma R, Roobol M, Remmers S, Tilki D, Visakorpi T, Talala K, Tammela T, van Hemelrijck M, Bayer K, Lejeune S, Taxiarchopoulou G, van Diggelen F, Senthilkumar K, Schutte S, Byrne S, Fialho L, Cardone A, Gono P, De Vetter M, Ceke K, De Meulder B, Auffray C, Balaur IA, Taibi N, Power S, Kermani NZ, van Bochove K, Cavelaars M, Moinat M, Voss E, Bernini C, Horgan D, Fullwood L, Holtorf M, Lancet D, Bernstein G, Omar I, MacLennan S, Maclennan S, Healey J, Huber J, Wirth M, Froehner M, Brenner B, Borkowetz A, Thomas C, Horn F, Reiche K, Kreux M, Josefsson A, Tandefekt DG, Hugosson J, Huisman H, Hofmacher T, Lindgren P, Andersson E, Fridhammar A, Vizcaya D, Verholen F, Zong J, Butler-Ransohoff JE, Williamson T, Chandrawansa K, Dlamini D, waldeck R, Molnar M, Bruno A, Herrera R, Jiang S, Nevedomskaya E, Fatoba S, Constantinovici N, Maass M, Torremante P, Voss M, Devecseri Z, Cuperus G, Abott T, Dau C, Papineni K, Wang-Silvanto J, Hass S, Snijder R, Doye V, Wang X, Garnham A, Lambrecht M, Wolfinger R, Rogiers S, Servan A, Lefresne F, Caseriego J, Samir M, Lawson J, Pacoe K, Robinson P, Jaton B, Bakkard D, Turunen H, Kilkku O, Pohjanjousi P, Voima O, Nevalaita L, Reich C, Araujo S, Longden-Chapman E, Burke D, Agapow P, Derkits S, Licour M, McCrea C, Payne S, Yong A, Thompson L, Lujan F, Bussmann M, Köhler I. How well do polygenic risk scores identify men at high risk for prostate cancer? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 21:316.e1-316.e11. [PMID: 36243664 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genome-wide association studies have revealed over 200 genetic susceptibility loci for prostate cancer (PCa). By combining them, polygenic risk scores (PRS) can be generated to predict risk of PCa. We summarize the published evidence and conduct meta-analyses of PRS as a predictor of PCa risk in Caucasian men. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were extracted from 59 studies, with 16 studies including 17 separate analyses used in the main meta-analysis with a total of 20,786 cases and 69,106 controls identified through a systematic search of ten databases. Random effects meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled estimates of area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). Meta-regression was used to assess the impact of number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) incorporated in PRS on AUC. Heterogeneity is expressed as I2 scores. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger tests. RESULTS The ability of PRS to identify men with PCa was modest (pooled AUC 0.63, 95% CI 0.62-0.64) with moderate consistency (I2 64%). Combining PRS with clinical variables increased the pooled AUC to 0.74 (0.68-0.81). Meta-regression showed only negligible increase in AUC for adding incremental SNPs. Despite moderate heterogeneity, publication bias was not evident. CONCLUSION Typically, PRS accuracy is comparable to PSA or family history with a pooled AUC value 0.63 indicating mediocre performance for PRS alone.
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Bauer C, Tacey A, Garnham A, Smith C, Woessner MN, Lin X, Zarekookandeh N, Hare DL, Lewis JR, Parker L, Levinger I. The effects of acute high intensity interval exercise and hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp on osteoglycin levels in young and middle‐aged men. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10667. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlie Bauer
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
| | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, University of Melbourne, Western Health St Albans VIC Australia
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Medical School WA Australia
| | - Mary N. Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
| | | | - David L Hare
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University, Joondalup; Medical School WA Australia
- University of Western Australia and Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead
- School of Public Health Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University Melbourne Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, University of Melbourne, Western Health St Albans VIC Australia
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Sostaric S, Petersen AC, Goodman CA, Gong X, Aw TJ, Brown MJ, Garnham A, Steward CH, Murphy KT, Carey KA, Leppik J, Fraser SF, Cameron-Smith D, Krum H, Snow RJ, McKenna MJ. Oral digoxin effects on exercise performance, K + regulation and skeletal muscle Na + ,K + -ATPase in healthy humans. J Physiol 2022; 600:3749-3774. [PMID: 35837833 PMCID: PMC9541254 DOI: 10.1113/jp283017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract We investigated whether digoxin lowered muscle Na+,K+‐ATPase (NKA), impaired muscle performance and exacerbated exercise K+ disturbances. Ten healthy adults ingested digoxin (0.25 mg; DIG) or placebo (CON) for 14 days and performed quadriceps strength and fatiguability, finger flexion (FF, 105%peak‐workrate, 3 × 1 min, fourth bout to fatigue) and leg cycling (LC, 10 min at 33% VO2peak and 67% VO2peak, 90% VO2peak to fatigue) trials using a double‐blind, crossover, randomised, counter‐balanced design. Arterial (a) and antecubital venous (v) blood was sampled (FF, LC) and muscle biopsied (LC, rest, 67% VO2peak, fatigue, 3 h after exercise). In DIG, in resting muscle, [3H]‐ouabain binding site content (OB‐Fab) was unchanged; however, bound‐digoxin removal with Digibind revealed total ouabain binding (OB+Fab) increased (8.2%, P = 0.047), indicating 7.6% NKA–digoxin occupancy. Quadriceps muscle strength declined in DIG (−4.3%, P = 0.010) but fatiguability was unchanged. During LC, in DIG (main effects), time to fatigue and [K+]a were unchanged, whilst [K+]v was lower (P = 0.042) and [K+]a‐v greater (P = 0.004) than in CON; with exercise (main effects), muscle OB‐Fab was increased at 67% VO2peak (per wet‐weight, P = 0.005; per protein P = 0.001) and at fatigue (per protein, P = 0.003), whilst [K+]a, [K+]v and [K+]a‐v were each increased at fatigue (P = 0.001). During FF, in DIG (main effects), time to fatigue, [K+]a, [K+]v and [K+]a‐v were unchanged; with exercise (main effects), plasma [K+]a, [K+]v, [K+]a‐v and muscle K+ efflux were all increased at fatigue (P = 0.001). Thus, muscle strength declined, but functional muscle NKA content was preserved during DIG, despite elevated plasma digoxin and muscle NKA–digoxin occupancy, with K+ disturbances and fatiguability unchanged.
![]() Key points The Na+,K+‐ATPase (NKA) is vital in regulating skeletal muscle extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]), excitability and plasma [K+] and thereby also in modulating fatigue during intense contractions.
NKA is inhibited by digoxin, which in cardiac patients lowers muscle functional NKA content ([3H]‐ouabain binding) and exacerbates K+ disturbances during exercise. In healthy adults, we found that digoxin at clinical levels surprisingly did not reduce functional muscle NKA content, whilst digoxin removal by Digibind antibody revealed an ∼8% increased muscle total NKA content. Accordingly, digoxin did not exacerbate arterial plasma [K+] disturbances or worsen fatigue during intense exercise, although quadriceps muscle strength was reduced. Thus, digoxin treatment in healthy participants elevated serum digoxin, but muscle functional NKA content was preserved, whilst K+ disturbances and fatigue with intense exercise were unchanged. This resilience to digoxin NKA inhibition is consistent with the importance of NKA in preserving K+ regulation and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sostaric
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aaron C Petersen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Xiaofei Gong
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tai-Juan Aw
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm J Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Collene H Steward
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate T Murphy
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kate A Carey
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Leppik
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steve F Fraser
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Henry Krum
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rodney J Snow
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J McKenna
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Jones PR, Voisin S, Nolan BJ, Landen S, Jacques M, Newell B, Zwickl S, Cook T, Wong A, Ginger A, Palmer A, Garnham A, Alvarez-Romero J, Mohandas N, Seale K, Cheung A, Eynon N. Uncovering the effects of gender affirming hormone therapy on skeletal muscle and epigenetics: protocol for a prospective matched cohort study in transgender individuals (the GAME study). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060869. [PMID: 35545400 PMCID: PMC9096568 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is increasingly used by transgender individuals and leads to shifts in sex hormone levels. Skeletal muscle is highly responsive to hormone activity, with limited data on the effects of GAHT on different human tissues. Here, we present the protocol for the GAME study (the effects of Gender Affirming hormone therapy on skeletal Muscle training and Epigenetics), which aims to uncover the effects of GAHT on skeletal muscle 'omic' profiles (methylomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) and markers of skeletal muscle health and fitness. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a prospective age-matched cohort study in transgender adults commencing GAHT (n=80) and age-matched individuals not commencing GAHT (n=80), conducted at Austin Health and Victoria University in Victoria, Australia. Assessments will take place prior to beginning GAHT and 6 and 12 months into therapies in adults commencing GAHT. Age-matched individuals will be assessed at the same time points. Assessments will be divided over three examination days, involving (1) aerobic fitness tests, (2) muscle strength assessments and (3) collection of blood and muscle samples, as well as body composition measurements. Standardised diets, fitness watches and questionnaires will be used to control for key confounders in analyses. Primary outcomes are changes in aerobic fitness and muscle strength, as well as changes in skeletal muscle DNA methylation and gene expression profiles. Secondary outcomes include changes in skeletal muscle characteristics, proteomics, body composition and blood markers. Linear mixed models will be used to assess changes in outcomes, while accounting for repeated measures within participants and adjusting for known confounders. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and Victoria University HREC granted approval for this study (HREC/77146/Austin-2021). Findings from this project will be published in open-access, peer-reviewed journals and presented to scientific and public audiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621001415897; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice R Jones
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J Nolan
- Trans Health Research Group, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beau Newell
- Pride in Sport, ACON Health, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sav Zwickl
- Trans Health Research Group, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Teddy Cook
- Pride in Sport, ACON Health, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex Wong
- Trans Health Research Group, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ariel Ginger
- Trans Health Research Group, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Palmer
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Namitha Mohandas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten Seale
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ada Cheung
- Trans Health Research Group, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Kuang J, McGinley C, Lee MJC, Saner NJ, Garnham A, Bishop DJ. Interpretation of exercise-induced changes in human skeletal muscle mRNA expression depends on the timing of the post-exercise biopsies. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12856. [PMID: 35186464 PMCID: PMC8820226 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise elicits a range of adaptive responses in skeletal muscle, which include changes in mRNA expression. To better understand the health benefits of exercise training, it is important to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. However, most studies have assessed the molecular events at only a few time-points within a short time frame post-exercise, and the variations of gene expression kinetics have not been addressed systematically. METHODS We assessed the mRNA expression of 23 gene isoforms implicated in the adaptive response to exercise at six time-points (0, 3, 9, 24, 48, and 72 h post exercise) over a 3-day period following a single session of high-intensity interval exercise. RESULTS The temporal patterns of target gene expression were highly variable and the expression of mRNA transcripts detected was largely dependent on the timing of muscle sampling. The largest fold change in mRNA expression of each tested target gene was observed between 3 and 72 h post-exercise. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight an important gap in knowledge regarding the molecular response to exercise, where the use of limited time-points within a short period post-exercise has led to an incomplete understanding of the molecular response to exercise. Muscle sampling timing for individual studies needs to be carefully chosen based on existing literature and preliminary analysis of the molecular targets of interest. We propose that a comprehensive time-course analysis on the exercise-induced transcriptional response in humans will significantly benefit the field of exercise molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cian McGinley
- Sportscotland Institute of Sport, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J-C Lee
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Human Integrative Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Li Y, Li J, Atakan MM, Wang Z, Hu Y, Nazif M, Zarekookandeh N, Ye HZ, Kuang J, Ferri A, Petersen A, Garnham A, Bishop DJ, Girard O, Huang Y, Yan X. Methods to match high-intensity interval exercise intensity in hypoxia and normoxia - A pilot study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:70-76. [PMID: 35024050 PMCID: PMC8728434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions prescribed on the basis of a maximal value (peak power output, PPO) and a submaximal value (lactate threshold, LT) derived from graded exercise tests (GXTs) in normoxia and hypoxia. Methods: A total of ten males (aged 18–37) volunteered to participate in this study. The experimental protocol consisted of a familiarization procedure, two GXTs under normoxia (FiO2 = 0.209) and two GXTs under normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.140), and three HIIE sessions performed in a random order. The HIIE sessions included one at hypoxia (HY) and two at normoxia (one matched for the absolute intensity in hypoxia, designated as NA, and one matched for the relative intensity in hypoxia, designated as NR). Results: The data demonstrated that there was significant lower peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), PPO, and LT derived from GXTs in hypoxia, with higher respiratory exchange ratio (RER), when compared to those from GXTs performed in normoxia (p < 0.001). Among the three HIIE sessions, the NA session resulted in lower percentage of HRpeak (85.0 ± 7.5% vs 94.4 ± 5.0%; p = 0.002) and V̇O2peak (74.1 ± 9.1% vs 88.7 ± 7.7%; p = 0.005), when compared to the NR session. HIIE sessions in HY and NR resulted in similar percentage of HRpeak and V̇O2peak, as well as similar rating of perceived exertion and RER. The blood lactate level increased immediately after all the three HIIE sessions (p < 0.001), while higher blood lactate concentrations were observed immediately after the HY (p = 0.0003) and NR (p = 0.014) sessions when compared with NA. Conclusion: Combining of PPO and LT derived from GXTs can be used to prescribe exercise intensity of HIIE in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia.,College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqin, China
| | - Muhammed M Atakan
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia.,Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Yang Hu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mostafa Nazif
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Navabeh Zarekookandeh
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Henry Zhihong Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia.,Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, 3021, Australia
| | - Alessandra Ferri
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Aaron Petersen
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Yaru Huang
- Department of Physical Education and Art, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport,(iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, 3011, Australia.,Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, 3021, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3021, Australia
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12
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Lin W, Saner NJ, Weng X, Caruana NJ, Botella J, Kuang J, Lee MJC, Jamnick NA, Pitchford NW, Garnham A, Bartlett JD, Chen H, Bishop DJ. The Effect of Sleep Restriction, With or Without Exercise, on Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Profiles in Healthy Young Males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:863224. [PMID: 35937838 PMCID: PMC9355502 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate sleep is associated with many detrimental health effects, including increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These effects have been associated with changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome, although this has not been characterised in response to a period of sleep restriction. Exercise induces a beneficial transcriptional response within skeletal muscle that may counteract some of the negative effects associated with sleep restriction. We hypothesised that sleep restriction would down-regulate transcriptional pathways associated with glucose metabolism, but that performing exercise would mitigate these effects. METHODS 20 healthy young males were allocated to one of three experimental groups: a Normal Sleep (NS) group (8 h time in bed per night (TIB), for five nights (11 pm - 7 am)), a Sleep Restriction (SR) group (4 h TIB, for five nights (3 am - 7 am)), and a Sleep Restriction and Exercise group (SR+EX) (4 h TIB, for five nights (3 am - 7 am) and three high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions (performed at 10 am)). RNA sequencing was performed on muscle samples collected pre- and post-intervention. Our data was then compared to skeletal muscle transcriptomic data previously reported following sleep deprivation (24 h without sleep). RESULTS Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated there was an increased enrichment of inflammatory and immune response related pathways in the SR group post-intervention. However, in the SR+EX group the direction of enrichment in these same pathways occurred in the opposite directions. Despite this, there were no significant changes at the individual gene level from pre- to post-intervention. A set of genes previously shown to be decreased with sleep deprivation was also decreased in the SR group, but increased in the SR+EX group. CONCLUSION The alterations to inflammatory and immune related pathways in skeletal muscle, following five nights of sleep restriction, provide insight regarding the transcriptional changes that underpin the detrimental effects associated with sleep loss. Performing three sessions of HIIE during sleep restriction attenuated some of these transcriptional changes. Overall, the transcriptional alterations observed with a moderate period of sleep restriction were less evident than previously reported changes following a period of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Lin
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nicholas J. Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Human Integrative Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiquan Weng
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nikeisha J. Caruana
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Javier Botella
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J-C. Lee
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Jamnick
- Metabolic Research Unit, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan W. Pitchford
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Hao Chen
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Chen, ; David J. Bishop,
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Hao Chen, ; David J. Bishop,
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13
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Costello BT, Climie RE, Wright L, Janssens K, Mitchell A, Wallace I, Lindqvist A, Foulkes S, Paratz ED, Flannery MD, Saner N, Griffin D, Green DJ, Cowie B, Howden EH, Garnham A, La Gerche A. Athletes with mild COVID-19 illness demonstrate subtle imaging abnormalities without exercise impairment or arrhythmias. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:e220-e223. [PMID: 34669943 PMCID: PMC8574300 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben T Costello
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rachel E Climie
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Leah Wright
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Kristel Janssens
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Amy Mitchell
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Imogen Wallace
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Anniina Lindqvist
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Steve Foulkes
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Paratz
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Michael D Flannery
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Nicholas Saner
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David Griffin
- Infectious Disease Department, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danny J Green
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Brian Cowie
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Erin H Howden
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Andre La Gerche
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,National Centre for Sports Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, VIC, Australia
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14
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Jacques M, Landen S, Alvarez Romero J, Yan X, Garnham A, Hiam D, Siegwald M, Mercier E, Hecksteden A, Eynon N, Voisin S. Individual physiological and mitochondrial responses during 12 weeks of intensified exercise. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14962. [PMID: 34327858 PMCID: PMC8322753 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Observed effects of exercise are highly variable between individuals, and subject-by-training interaction (i.e., individual response variability) is often not estimated. Here, we measured mitochondrial (citrate synthetase, cytochrome-c oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial copy-number), performance markers (Wpeak , lactate threshold [LT], and VO2peak ), and fiber type proportions/expression (type I, type IIa, and type IIx) in multiple time points during 12-week of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to investigate effects of exercise at the individual level. METHODS Sixteen young (age: 33.1 ± 9.0 years), healthy men (VO2peak 35-60 ml/min/kg and BMI: 26.4 ± 4.2) from the Gene SMART study completed 12-week of progressive HIIT. Performance markers and muscle biopsies were collected every 4 weeks. We used mixed-models and bivariate growth models to quantify individual response and to estimate correlations between variables. RESULTS All performance markers exhibited significant (Wpeak 0.56 ± 0.33 p = 0.003, LT 0.37 ± 0.35 p = 0.007, VO2peak 3.81 ± 6.13 p = 0.02) increases overtime, with subject-by-training interaction being present (95% CI: Wpeak 0.09-0.24, LT 0.06-0.18, VO2peak 0.27-2.32). All other measurements did not exhibit significant changes. Fiber type IIa proportions at baseline was significantly associated with all physiological variables (p < 0.05), and citrate synthetase and cytochrome-c oxidase levels at baseline and overtime (i.e., intercept and slope) presented significant covariance (p < 0.05). Finally, low correlations between performance and mitochondrial markers were observed. CONCLUSION We identified a significant subject-by-training interaction for the performance markers. While for all other measures within-subject variability was too large and interindividual differences in training efficacy could not be verified. Changes in measurements in response to exercise were not correlated, and such disconnection should be further investigated by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)MelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | | | | | - Anne Hecksteden
- Institute of Sports and Preventive MedicineSaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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15
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Cragg J, Mushtaq F, Lal N, Garnham A, Hallissey M, Graham T, Shiralkar U. Surgical cognitive simulation improves real-world surgical performance: randomized study. BJS Open 2021; 5:6280341. [PMID: 34021326 PMCID: PMC8140200 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the acknowledgement of human factors, application of psychological methods by surgeons to improve surgical performance is sparse. This may reflect the paucity of evidence that would help surgeons to use psychological techniques effectively. There is a need for novel approaches to see how cognitive training might be used to address these challenges. METHODS Surgical trainees were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training in surgical cognitive simulation (SCS) and was asked to apply the techniques while working in operating theatres. Both groups underwent procedure-based assessment based on the UK and Ireland Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme (ISCP) before the training and 4 months afterwards. Subjective evaluations of SCS application were obtained from the intervention group participants. RESULTS Among 21 participants in the study, there was a statistically significant improvement in 11 of 16 procedure-based assessment domains (P < 0.050) as well as a statistically significant mean reduction in time to complete the procedure in the intervention group (-15.98 versus -1.14 min; P = 0.024). Subjectively, the intervention group experienced various benefits with SCS, especially in preoperative preparedness, intraoperative focus, and overall performance. CONCLUSION SCS training has a statistically significant impact in improving surgical performance. Subjective feedback suggests that surgeons are able to apply it in practice. SCS may prove a vital adjunct for skill acquisition in surgical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cragg
- Correspondence to: Department of Vascular Surgery, Russells Hall Hospital, Pensett Road, Dudley DY1 2HQ, UK (e-mail: )
| | - F Mushtaq
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - N Lal
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Garnham
- Department of Vascular Surgery, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - M Hallissey
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Graham
- Postgraduate School of Surgery, West Midlands Deanery, UK
| | - U Shiralkar
- Worcestershire Health and Care NHS trust, Worcestershire, UK
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16
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Chandrasiri S, Nelson A, Storey A, Garnham A, Hadiyan H, Hameed A, Peteresen A. Long Term Concurrent Heat Stress does not Improve upon Performance Gains by Resistance Training. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Nelson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourne
| | - Adam Storey
- School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of TechnologyAuckland
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourne
| | - Helen Hadiyan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourne
| | - Ali Hameed
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourne
| | - Aaron Peteresen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourne
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17
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Li J, Li Y, Wang Z, Atakan M, ZareKookandeh N, Nazif M, Ye H, Kuang J, Petersen A, Garnham A, Hu Y, Bishop D, Yan X. A single session of high‐intensity interval exercise in hypoxia did not change mitochondrial respiration or content in human skeletal muscle biopsies. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria University AustraliaFootscray
- College of Physical EducationSouthwest UniversityChongqing
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health ScienceBeijing Sport UniversityBeijing
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria University AustraliaFootscray
| | - Muhammed Atakan
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism in Exercise, Faculty of Sport SciencesHacettepe UniversityAnkara
| | | | - Mostafa Nazif
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria University AustraliaFootscray
| | - Henry Ye
- School of Biomedical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourne
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria University AustraliaFootscray
| | - Aaron Petersen
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria University AustraliaFootscray
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria University AustraliaFootscray
| | - Yang Hu
- China Institute of Sport and Health ScienceBeijing Sport UniversityBeijing
| | - David Bishop
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria University AustraliaFootscray
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria University AustraliaFootscray
- Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal SciencesMelbourne
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18
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Wilkinson B, Wan Muhamad Hatta SF, Garnham A, Buch HN. Recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism: a diagnostic and management dilemma. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2021; 2021:EDM200136. [PMID: 33913436 PMCID: PMC8115415 DOI: 10.1530/edm-20-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Primary hyperparathyroidism requires a surgical approach to achieve a long-term cure. However, post-surgical recurrence significantly complicates the management of this condition. A number of causes for recurrent disease are well understood and several diagnostic modalities exist to localise the culprit parathyroid adenoma although none of them is efficacious in localisation of the recurrent lesion. In this case report, we highlight a novel causative mechanism and describe a unique diagnostic sequence that enabled curative treatment to be delivered. LEARNING POINTS In the case described herein, we describe a novel location for a parathyroid adenoma causing recurrent PHPT. The case elucidates well the difficulties presented by such cases in terms of surgical planning and show the utility of PVS in such cases. Based on this case, we make the following recommendations: Meticulous care must be taken to prevent seeding of adenomatous tissue during primary excision. To consider the use of PVS in patients with discordant imaging in the setting of recurrent/persistent PHPT as a method to localise the causative adenoma. Same day PVS and surgery is a viable option for patients who either represent an anaesthetic risk or who are extremely anxious about the prospect of two separate procedures. Disordered calcium homeostasis is an important but forgotten cause of dysphagia which can be extremely debilitating for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wilkinson
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospital NHS TrustWolverhampton, UK
| | - Sharifah Faradila Wan Muhamad Hatta
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospital NHS TrustWolverhampton, UK
- Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Harit N Buch
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospital NHS TrustWolverhampton, UK
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19
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Russo I, Della Gatta PA, Garnham A, Porter J, Burke LM, Costa RJS. Assessing Overall Exercise Recovery Processes Using Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein Containing Recovery Beverages. Front Physiol 2021; 12:628863. [PMID: 33613323 PMCID: PMC7890126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.628863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the impact of two different, but commonly consumed, beverages on integrative markers of exercise recovery following a 2 h high intensity interval exercise (i.e., running 70-80% V̇O2 max intervals and interspersed with plyometric jumps). Participants (n = 11 males, n = 6 females) consumed a chocolate flavored dairy milk beverage (CM: 1.2 g carbohydrate/kg BM and 0.4 g protein/kg BM) or a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage (CEB: isovolumetric with 0.76 g carbohydrate/kg BM) after exercise, in a randomized-crossover design. The recovery beverages were provided in three equal boluses over a 30 min period commencing 1 h post-exercise. Muscle biopsies were performed at 0 h and 2 h in recovery. Venous blood samples, nude BM and total body water were collected before and at 0, 2, and 4 h recovery. Gastrointestinal symptoms and breath hydrogen (H2) were collected before exercise and every 30 min during recovery. The following morning, participants returned for performance assessment. In recovery, breath H2 reached clinical relevance of >10 ppm following consumption of both beverages, in adjunct with high incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms (70%), but modest severity. Blood glucose response was greater on CEB vs. CM (P < 0.01). Insulin response was greater on CM compared with CEB (P < 0.01). Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide stimulated neutrophil function reduced on both beverages (49%). p-GSK-3β/total-GSK-3β was greater on CM compared with CEB (P = 0.037); however, neither beverage achieved net muscle glycogen re-storage. Phosphorylation of mTOR was greater on CM than CEB (P < 0.001). Fluid retention was lower (P = 0.038) on CEB (74.3%) compared with CM (82.1%). Physiological and performance outcomes on the following day did not differ between trials. Interconnected recovery optimization markers appear to respond differently to the nutrient composition of recovery nutrition, albeit subtly and with individual variation. The present findings expand on recovery nutrition strategies to target functionality and patency of the gastrointestinal tract as a prerequisite to assimilation of recovery nutrition, as well as restoration of immunocompetency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A. Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Judi Porter
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise M. Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ricardo J. S. Costa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
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20
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Russo I, Della Gatta PA, Garnham A, Porter J, Burke LM, Costa RJS. Does the Nutritional Composition of Dairy Milk Based Recovery Beverages Influence Post-exercise Gastrointestinal and Immune Status, and Subsequent Markers of Recovery Optimisation in Response to High Intensity Interval Exercise? Front Nutr 2021; 7:622270. [PMID: 33521041 PMCID: PMC7840831 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.622270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of flavored dairy milk based recovery beverages of different nutrition compositions on markers of gastrointestinal and immune status, and subsequent recovery optimisation markers. After completing 2 h high intensity interval running, participants (n = 9) consumed a whole food dairy milk recovery beverage (CM, 1.2 g/kg body mass (BM) carbohydrate and 0.4 g/kg BM protein) or a dairy milk based supplement beverage (MBSB, 2.2 g/kg BM carbohydrate and 0.8 g/kg BM protein) in a randomized crossover design. Venous blood samples, body mass, body water, and breath samples were collected, and gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) were measured, pre- and post-exercise, and during recovery. Muscle biopsies were performed at 0 and 2 h of recovery. The following morning, participants returned to the laboratory to assess performance outcomes. In the recovery period, carbohydrate malabsorption (breath H2 peak: 49 vs. 24 ppm) occurred on MBSB compared to CM, with a trend toward greater gut discomfort. No difference in gastrointestinal integrity (i.e., I-FABP and sCD14) or immune response (i.e., circulating leukocyte trafficking, bacterially-stimulated neutrophil degranulation, and systemic inflammatory profile) markers were observed between CM and MBSB. Neither trial achieved a positive rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis [-25.8 (35.5) mmol/kg dw/h]. Both trials increased phosphorylation of intramuscular signaling proteins. Greater fluid retention (total body water: 86.9 vs. 81.9%) occurred on MBSB compared to CM. Performance outcomes did not differ between trials. The greater nutrient composition of MBSB induced greater gastrointestinal functional disturbance, did not prevent the post-exercise reduction in neutrophil function, and did not support greater overall acute recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Judi Porter
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise M Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ricardo J S Costa
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
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21
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Lamon S, Morabito A, Arentson-Lantz E, Knowles O, Vincent GE, Condo D, Alexander SE, Garnham A, Paddon-Jones D, Aisbett B. The effect of acute sleep deprivation on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the hormonal environment. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14660. [PMID: 33400856 PMCID: PMC7785053 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep loss is a potent catabolic stressor, increasing the risk of metabolic dysfunction and loss of muscle mass and function. To provide mechanistic insight into these clinical outcomes, we sought to determine if acute sleep deprivation blunts skeletal muscle protein synthesis and promotes a catabolic environment. Healthy young adults (N = 13; seven male, six female) were subjected to one night of total sleep deprivation (DEP) and normal sleep (CON) in a randomized cross‐over design. Anabolic and catabolic hormonal profiles were assessed across the following day. Postprandial muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was assessed between 13:00 and 15:00 and gene markers of muscle protein degradation were assessed at 13:00. Acute sleep deprivation reduced muscle protein synthesis by 18% (CON: 0.072 ± 0.015% vs. DEP: 0.059 ± 0.014%·h‐1, p = .040). In addition, sleep deprivation increased plasma cortisol by 21% (p = .030) and decreased plasma testosterone by 24% (p = .029). No difference was found in the markers of protein degradation. A single night of total sleep deprivation is sufficient to induce anabolic resistance and a procatabolic environment. These acute changes may represent mechanistic precursors driving the metabolic dysfunction and body composition changes associated with chronic sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Aimee Morabito
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Emily Arentson-Lantz
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Olivia Knowles
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Dominique Condo
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Center for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Alexander
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Douglas Paddon-Jones
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Brad Aisbett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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22
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Bashar K, Ali S, Garnham A. Review of the management of isolated superficial femoral artery aneurysms. Indian J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijves.ijves_28_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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23
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Saner NJ, Lee MJC, Kuang J, Pitchford NW, Roach GD, Garnham A, Genders AJ, Stokes T, Schroder EA, Huo Z, Esser KA, Phillips SM, Bishop DJ, Bartlett JD. Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and diurnal rhythms. Mol Metab 2021; 43:101110. [PMID: 33137489 PMCID: PMC7704425 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep loss has emerged as a risk factor for the development of impaired glucose tolerance. The mechanisms underpinning this observation are unknown; however, both mitochondrial dysfunction and circadian misalignment have been proposed. Because exercise improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial function, and alters circadian rhythms, we investigated whether exercise may counteract the effects induced by inadequate sleep. METHODS To minimize between-group differences of baseline characteristics, 24 healthy young males were allocated into one of the three experimental groups: a Normal Sleep (NS) group (8 h time in bed (TIB) per night, for five nights), a Sleep Restriction (SR) group (4 h TIB per night, for five nights), and a Sleep Restriction and Exercise group (SR+EX) (4 h TIB per night, for five nights and three high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions). Glucose tolerance, mitochondrial respiratory function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis (SarcPS), and diurnal measures of peripheral skin temperature were assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS We report that the SR group had reduced glucose tolerance post-intervention (mean change ± SD, P value, SR glucose AUC: 149 ± 115 A.U., P = 0.002), which was also associated with reductions in mitochondrial respiratory function (SR: -15.9 ± 12.4 pmol O2.s-1.mg-1, P = 0.001), a lower rate of SarcPS (FSR%/day SR: 1.11 ± 0.25%, P < 0.001), and reduced amplitude of diurnal rhythms. These effects were not observed when incorporating three sessions of HIIE during this period (SR+EX: glucose AUC 67 ± 57, P = 0.239, mitochondrial respiratory function: 0.6 ± 11.8 pmol O2.s-1.mg-1, P = 0.997, and SarcPS (FSR%/day): 1.77 ± 0.22%, P = 0.971). CONCLUSIONS A five-night period of sleep restriction leads to reductions in mitochondrial respiratory function, SarcPS, and amplitude of skin temperature diurnal rhythms, with a concurrent reduction in glucose tolerance. We provide novel data demonstrating that these same detrimental effects are not observed when HIIE is performed during the period of sleep restriction. These data therefore provide evidence in support of the use of HIIE as an intervention to mitigate the detrimental physiological effects of sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Sports Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Matthew J-C Lee
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan W Pitchford
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Sport Performance Optimization Research Team, School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Gregory D Roach
- Appleton Institute for Behavioral Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda J Genders
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | | | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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24
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Dattani N, Shalhoub J, Nandhra S, Lane T, Abu-Own A, Elbasty A, Jones A, Duncan A, Garnham A, Thapar A, Murray A, Baig A, Saratzis A, Sharif A, Huasen B, Dawkins C, Nesbitt C, Carradice D, Morrow D, Bosanquet D, Kavanagh E, Shaikh F, Gosi G, Ambler G, Fulton G, Singh G, Travers H, Moore H, Olivier J, Hitchman L, O’Donohoe M, Popplewell M, Medani M, Jenkins M, Goh MA, Lyons O, McBride O, Moxey P, Stather P, Burns P, Forsythe R, Sam R, Brar R, Brightwell R, Benson R, Onida S, Paravastu S, Lambracos S, Vallabhaneni SR, Walsh S, Aktar T, Moloney T, Mzimba Z, Nyamekye I. Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism following superficial endovenous treatment: A UK and Republic of Ireland consensus study. Phlebology 2020; 35:706-714. [DOI: 10.1177/0268355520936420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Venous thromboembolism is a potentially fatal complication of superficial endovenous treatment. Proper risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis could mitigate this hazard; however, there are currently no evidence-based or consensus guidelines. This study surveyed UK and Republic of Ireland vascular consultants to determine areas of consensus. Methods A 32-item survey was sent to vascular consultants via the Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (phase 1). These results generated 10 consensus statements which were redistributed (phase 2). ‘Good’ and ‘very good’ consensus were defined as endorsement/rejection of statements by >67% and >85% of respondents, respectively. Results Forty-two consultants completed phase 1. This generated seven statements regarding risk factors mandating peri-procedural pharmacoprophylaxis and three statements regarding specific pharmacoprophylaxis regimes. Forty-seven consultants completed phase 2. Regarding venous thromboembolism risk factors mandating pharmacoprophylaxis, ‘good’ and ‘very good’ consensus was achieved for 5/7 and 2/7 statements, respectively. Regarding specific regimens, ‘very good’ consensus was achieved for 3/3 statements. Conclusions The main findings from this study were that there was ‘good’ or ‘very good’ consensus that patients with any of the seven surveyed risk factors should be given pharmacoprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin. High-risk patients should receive one to two weeks of pharmacoprophylaxis rather than a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikesh Dattani
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, The Vascular Surgery Unit, Worcester, Worcestershire, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Sandip Nandhra
- Northern Vascular Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Tristan Lane
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, London, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Abdulsalam Abu-Own
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, Essex, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Ahmed Elbasty
- Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, Surrey, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Aled Jones
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, Cornwall, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Andrew Duncan
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Ankur Thapar
- Imperial College London, Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, London, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Anna Murray
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Anzar Baig
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Athanasios Saratzis
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Atif Sharif
- Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, West Midlands, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Bella Huasen
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, Lancashire, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Claire Dawkins
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Craig Nesbitt
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Daniel Carradice
- Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Darren Morrow
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - David Bosanquet
- Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Eamon Kavanagh
- University of Limerick Hospitals Group, Vascular Surgery, Limerick, Ireland
- University of Limerick Graduate Entry Medical School, Limerick, Ireland
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Faisal Shaikh
- Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Gergely Gosi
- University Hospital Waterford, Vascular Surgery, Waterford, Ireland
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Graeme Ambler
- Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Gregory Fulton
- Cork University Hospital Group, Cork, Ireland
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Gurdas Singh
- Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Hannah Travers
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Hayley Moore
- Frimley Park Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, Surrey, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - James Olivier
- Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, Somerset, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Louise Hitchman
- Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Martin O’Donohoe
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Matthew Popplewell
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Mekki Medani
- Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Michael Jenkins
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Mingzheng A Goh
- Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, Essex, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Oliver Lyons
- Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, Essex, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Olivia McBride
- Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Paul Moxey
- St George’s Hospital, Vascular Surgery, London, Tooting, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Philip Stather
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Phillipa Burns
- Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Rachel Forsythe
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Rachel Sam
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Ranjeet Brar
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Robert Brightwell
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Ruth Benson
- University of Birmingham Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Sarah Onida
- Imperial College London, Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, London, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Sharath Paravastu
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Simon Lambracos
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust, Worthing, West Sussex, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Srinivasa R Vallabhaneni
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Stewart Walsh
- Lambe Institute for Translational Discipline of Surgery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Tasleem Aktar
- Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, West Midlands, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Tony Moloney
- University of Limerick Hospitals Group, Dooradoyle, Limerick, Ireland
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Zola Mzimba
- Altnagelvin Hospitals Health and Social Services Trust, Londonderry, UK
- *The Vascular and Endovascular Research Network (VERN) collaborators
| | - Isaac Nyamekye
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, The Vascular Surgery Unit, Worcester, Worcestershire, UK
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Khine AA, Muhamad Hatta SFW, Buch H, Yousuf Q, Vydianath S, Strouhal P, Garnham A. SAT-394 Concordant Parathyroid Imaging; Frequency and Predictors of Concordance and Its Impacts on Cure. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7208110 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Accurate pre-operative imaging of a parathyroid adenoma facilitates minimally invasive surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism, increases cure rate and reduces perioperative complications. The two most commonly deployed preoperative localization studies are ultrasonography (US) and parathyroid scintigraphy using 99m-techentium sestamibi (RN). Patients who have concordant results between the two studies (most studies report concordance rate of 60%) usually undergo minimally invasive surgery whilst those with non-concordance scan results often need bilateral open neck surgery.Objectives: We did a retrospective assessment of the clinical, biochemical and imaging parameters of patients who had parathyroid surgery in our hospital to assess (a) the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of US and RN scans (b) the frequency of concordance between the two imaging studies (c) the clinical and laboratory predictors of concordance and (d) the impact of concordance on the cure rate.Method: 155 patients who were operated for PHPT between January 2011 and January 2019 were included. All patients underwent preoperative localization with US and RN imaging. The sensitivity and PPV of the 2 imaging procedures in detecting a parathyroid adenoma were determined by correlating the imaging findings of both scans with the composite information obtained from surgical findings and post-operative biochemical results to indicate cure. The patients with concordant and non-concordant imaging findings were compared for surgical cure rate, serum calcium and parathormone level, and the volume and weight of the adenoma.Results: The sensitivity and PPV of US were 80.9% and 82.8% and for RN scan 78.7% and 87.8% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy between the two modalities. 93(60%) patients had concordant and 62(40%) patients had non-concordant scan results, which included true discordance and non-localization by one or both scans. Cure rate in concordant and non-concordant scans were 96.8% and 83.7% respectively (p=0.02, chi-square). In comparison to patients with non-concordant imaging, patients with concordant imaging had higher level of serum calcium (mean 3.02 vs 2.86, p=0.04), the resected adenoma was larger in volume (mean 3109mm3 vs 2083mm3, p=0.05) and was heavier (mean 1.59 vs 1.10 p=ns). However there was no difference in the age or serum PTH level between the 2 groups of patients.Conclusion: Both US and RN imaging have similarly high sensitivity and PPV in identifying a parathyroid adenoma and our figures were comparable to the published literature. When the two studies are concordant a significantly higher surgical success rate is obtained. Patients with higher serum calcium and larger adenomas are more likely to demonstrate concordant imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Aye Khine
- ROYAL WOLVERHAMPTON NHS TRUST, WOLVERHAMPTON, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harit Buch
- ROYAL WOLVERHAMPTON NHS TRUST, WOLVERHAMPTON, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Peter Strouhal
- ROYAL WOLVERHAMPTON NHS TRUST, WOLVERHAMPTON, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Garnham
- ROYAL WOLVERHAMPTON NHS TRUST, WOLVERHAMPTON, United Kingdom
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Woessner MN, Neil C, Saner NJ, Goodman CA, McIlvenna LC, Ortiz de Zevallos J, Garnham A, Levinger I, Allen JD. Effect of inorganic nitrate on exercise capacity, mitochondria respiration, and vascular function in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1355-1364. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00850.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the largest study to date to examine the effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and the first to include measures of vascular function and mitochondrial respiration. Although daily supplementation increased plasma nitrite, our data indicate that supplementation with inorganic nitrate as a standalone treatment is ineffective at improving exercise capacity, vascular function, or mitochondrial respiration in patients with HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary N. Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Neil
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A. Goodman
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke C. McIlvenna
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joaquin Ortiz de Zevallos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Kinesiology and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason D. Allen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Kinesiology and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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27
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Premaratne S, Newman J, Hobbs S, Garnham A, Wall M. Meta-analysis of direct surgical versus endovascular revascularization for aortoiliac occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 2020; 72:726-737. [PMID: 32171442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a paucity of good-quality evidence comparing direct surgical (DS) with endovascular/hybrid (EVH) revascularization for aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD). We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of studies comparing DS and EVH revascularization for AIOD. METHODS PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched for studies comparing DS and EVH revascularization for AIOD from 2000 to 2018. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies. Demographics, clinical presentation, and comorbidities of the two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier curves from selected studies were digitized with WebPlotDigitizer. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager, and outcome measures were compared. Subgroup analysis was performed for primary patency in the EVH group. RESULTS Eleven observational studies were identified comparing a sample of 4030 patients. The median Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies score was 19 of 24. A total of 1679 and 2351 patients underwent DS and EVH techniques, respectively. No significant difference was found between means for sex, claudication, rest pain, tissue loss, preoperative ankle-brachial pressure index, and TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus C and D lesions in the two groups averaged across studies. However, the DS group had significantly younger patients (average age, 61.83 vs 66.77; P = .0011). The risk factors of the two groups, such as smoking, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, renal failure, and chronic lung disease, were comparable. Average hospital stay was significantly higher for the DS group (7.76 days vs 3.12 days; P = .025). Change in ankle-brachial pressure index, 30-day mortality, and 30-day graft/stent thrombosis were not significantly different for the groups. Overall, primary patency for a median follow-up of 50 months favored the DS group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.73; P = .0002). There was moderate heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 46%). The HR for the subgroup for which endovascular procedures were combined with common femoral endarterectomy was 0.43 compared with 0.88 for endovascular revascularization alone. Limb salvage was similar in both groups (HR, 1.10; CI, 0.74-1.64; P = .63), but overall survival after the procedure favored the DS group (HR, 0.75; CI, 0.60-0.94; P = .01; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Moderate-quality studies showed that DS revascularization had significantly better primary patency than EVH revascularization for AIOD, although DS patients were younger and may have differed on other confounding variables. Both techniques had similar limb salvage rates, and the primary patency was better for endovascular revascularization combined with common femoral endarterectomy than for endovascular revascularization alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Newman
- Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hobbs
- Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mike Wall
- Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley, United Kingdom
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28
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Saner NJ, Lee MJC, Pitchford NW, Kuang J, Roach GD, Garnham A, Stokes T, Phillips SM, Bishop DJ, Bartlett JD. The effect of sleep restriction, with or without high-intensity interval exercise, on myofibrillar protein synthesis in healthy young men. J Physiol 2020; 598:1523-1536. [PMID: 32078168 PMCID: PMC7217042 DOI: 10.1113/jp278828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Sleep restriction has previously been associated with the loss of muscle mass in both human and animal models. The rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) is a key variable in regulating skeletal muscle mass and can be increased by performing high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), although the effect of sleep restriction on MyoPS is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that participants undergoing a sleep restriction protocol (five nights, with 4 h in bed each night) had lower rates of skeletal muscle MyoPS; however, rates of MyoPS were maintained at control levels by performing HIIE during this period. Our data suggest that the lower rates of MyoPS in the sleep restriction group may contribute to the detrimental effects of sleep loss on muscle mass and that HIIE may be used as an intervention to counteract these effects.
Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep restriction, with or without high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), on the potential mechanisms underpinning previously‐reported sleep‐loss‐induced reductions to muscle mass. Twenty‐four healthy, young men underwent a protocol consisting of two nights of controlled baseline sleep and a five‐night intervention period. Participants were allocated into one of three parallel groups, matched for age, V˙O2peak, body mass index and habitual sleep duration; a normal sleep (NS) group [8 h time in bed (TIB) each night], a sleep restriction (SR) group (4 h TIB each night), and a sleep restriction and exercise group (SR+EX, 4 h TIB each night, with three sessions of HIIE). Deuterium oxide was ingested prior to commencing the study and muscle biopsies obtained pre‐ and post‐intervention were used to assess myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) and molecular markers of protein synthesis and degradation signalling pathways. MyoPS was lower in the SR group [fractional synthetic rate (% day–1), mean ± SD, 1.24 ± 0.21] compared to both the NS (1.53 ± 0.09) and SR+EX groups (1.61 ± 0.14) (P < 0.05). However, there were no changes in the purported regulators of protein synthesis (i.e. p‐AKTser473 and p‐mTORser2448) and degradation (i.e. Foxo1/3 mRNA and LC3 protein) in any group. These data suggest that MyoPS is acutely reduced by sleep restriction, although MyoPS can be maintained by performing HIIE. These findings may explain the sleep‐loss‐induced reductions in muscle mass previously reported and also highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of HIIE to maintain myofibrillar remodelling in this context. Sleep restriction has previously been associated with the loss of muscle mass in both human and animal models. The rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) is a key variable in regulating skeletal muscle mass and can be increased by performing high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), although the effect of sleep restriction on MyoPS is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that participants undergoing a sleep restriction protocol (five nights, with 4 h in bed each night) had lower rates of skeletal muscle MyoPS; however, rates of MyoPS were maintained at control levels by performing HIIE during this period. Our data suggest that the lower rates of MyoPS in the sleep restriction group may contribute to the detrimental effects of sleep loss on muscle mass and that HIIE may be used as an intervention to counteract these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew J-C Lee
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan W Pitchford
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Sport Performance Optimisation Research Team, School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gregory D Roach
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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29
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Tew GA, Allen L, Askew CD, Chetter I, Cucato G, Doherty P, Garnham A, Harwood A, Ingle L, Jenkins M, Michaels J, Pittack S, Seenan C, Trender H. Infographic. Exercise for intermittent claudication. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1443-1444. [PMID: 32051119 PMCID: PMC7677460 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garry A Tew
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK .,Department of Health Sciences, University of York, England, York, UK
| | - Louise Allen
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher D Askew
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Gabriel Cucato
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Patrick Doherty
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, England, York, UK
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Amy Harwood
- Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Lee Ingle
- Department of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Michaels
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Chris Seenan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Paramedicine, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hazel Trender
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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30
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Jacques M, Kuang J, Bishop DJ, Yan X, Alvarez-Romero J, Munson F, Garnham A, Papadimitriou I, Voisin S, Eynon N. Mitochondrial respiration variability and simulations in human skeletal muscle: The Gene SMART study. FASEB J 2020; 34:2978-2986. [PMID: 31919888 PMCID: PMC7384122 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901997rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration using the oxygraph‐2k respirometer (Oroboros) is widely used to estimate mitochondrial capacity in human skeletal muscle. Here, we measured mitochondrial respiration variability, in a relatively large sample, and for the first time, using statistical simulations, we provide the sample size required to detect meaningful respiration changes following lifestyle intervention. Muscle biopsies were taken from healthy, young men from the Gene SMART cohort, at multiple time points. We utilized samples for each measurement with two technical repeats using two respirometer chambers (n = 160 pairs of same muscle after removal of low‐quality samples). We measured the Technical Error of measurement (TEM) and the coefficient of variation (CV) for each mitochondrial complex. There was a high correlation between measurements from the two chambers (R > 0.7 P < .001) for all complexes, but the TEM was large (7.9‐27 pmol s−1 mg−1; complex dependent), and the CV was >15% for all complexes. We performed statistical simulations of a range of effect sizes at 80% power and found that 75 participants (with duplicate measurements) are required to detect a 6% change in mitochondrial respiration after an intervention, while for interventions with 11% effect size, ~24 participants are sufficient. The high variability in respiration suggests that the typical sample sizes in exercise studies may not be sufficient to capture exercise‐induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Javier Alvarez-Romero
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Munson
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ioannis Papadimitriou
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Khan K, Rolli A, Ford C, Garnham A, Buch H. Efficacy of Intra-Operative PTH Monitoring in Determining Potential Cure in Patients undergoing Parathyroid Surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2019.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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32
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Al Shakarchi J, Inston N, Dabare D, Newman J, Garnham A, Hobbs S, Wall M. Pilot study on the use of infrared thermal imaging to predict infrainguinal bypass outcome in the immediate post-operative period. Vascular 2019; 27:663-667. [PMID: 31067207 DOI: 10.1177/1708538119847391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Early bedside post-operative monitoring of infrainguinal bypass surgery is currently based on subjective clinical findings and handheld Doppler signals. Infrared thermal imaging is an objective and reproducible technique that has been proven to be a reliable and accurate method to measure skin temperature. The aim of this prospective study was to assess infrared thermal imaging as a predicting tool of bypass graft outcome in the immediate post-operative period and assess the angiosome concept. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of 25 patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass. Demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected and included gender, age, co-morbidities, pre- and post-operative ankle brachial pressure indices, surgery undertaken and patency of run-off vessels. Infrared thermal imaging was undertaken pre- and post-operatively to assess thermal changes to the feet following revascularisation. Results We found that an increase in temperature from pre- to post-operative was significantly associated with bypass patency. An increase in temperature was found to have a positive predictive value of 75%, a negative predictive value of 100%, a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 89% for predicting graft patency. Conclusions Infrared thermal imaging can be used to measure temperature related changes of the microcirculation post-operatively and predict bypass outcomes in the immediate post-operative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Al Shakarchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley, UK
| | - N Inston
- Department of Renal Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Dabare
- Department of Renal Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Newman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley, UK
| | - A Garnham
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley, UK
| | - S Hobbs
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley, UK
| | - M Wall
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Black Country Vascular Network, Dudley, UK
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Whittaker JD, Tullett R, Patel N, Newman J, Garnham A, Wall M. Short-term Mortality, Morbidity and Recovery Milestones after Major Lower Limb Amputation: a Prospective Evaluation of Outcomes in a Tertiary Center. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 56:261-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2018.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Whittaker JD, Downes F, Becker H, Garnham A, Wall M. In Response to "Biomarkers in Peripheral Vascular Surgery". J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:1481. [PMID: 30737124 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick Downes
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK
| | - Helga Becker
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK
| | - Michael Wall
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK
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Tacey A, Parker L, Yeap BB, Joseph J, Lim EM, Garnham A, Hare DL, Brennan-Speranza T, Levinger I. Single-dose prednisolone alters endocrine and haematologic responses and exercise performance in men. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:111-119. [PMID: 30673629 PMCID: PMC6373622 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single dose of prednisolone on (A) high-intensity interval cycling performance and (B) post-exercise metabolic, hormonal and haematological responses. Nine young men participated in this double-blind, randomised, cross-over study. The participants completed exercise sessions (4 × 4 min cycling bouts at 90-95% of peak heart rate), 12 h after ingesting prednisolone (20 mg) or placebo. Work load was adjusted to maintain the same relative heart rate between the sessions. Exercise performance was measured as total work performed. Blood samples were taken at rest, immediately post exercise and up to 3 h post exercise. Prednisolone ingestion decreased total work performed by 5% (P < 0.05). Baseline blood glucose was elevated following prednisolone compared to placebo (P < 0.001). Three hours post exercise, blood glucose in the prednisolone trial was reduced to a level equivalent to the baseline concentration in the placebo trial (P > 0.05). Prednisolone suppressed the increase in blood lactate immediately post exercise (P < 0.05). Total white blood cell count was elevated at all time-points with prednisolone (P < 0.01). Androgens and sex hormone-binding globulin were elevated immediately after exercise, irrespective of prednisolone or placebo. In contrast, prednisolone significantly reduced the ratio of testosterone/luteinizing hormone (P < 0.01). Acute prednisolone treatment impairs high-intensity interval cycling performance and alters metabolic and haematological parameters in healthy young men. Exercise may be an effective tool to minimise the effect of prednisolone on blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Joseph
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ee M Lim
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Hare
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tara Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Correspondence should be addressed to I Levinger:
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Parker L, Lin X, Garnham A, McConell G, Stepto NK, Hare DL, Byrnes E, Ebeling PR, Seeman E, Brennan-Speranza TC, Levinger I. Glucocorticoid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Men Is Associated With Suppressed Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:49-58. [PMID: 30138543 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In mice, glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance occurs largely through impaired osteoblast function and decreased circulating undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC). Whether these mechanisms contribute to glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in humans has yet to be established. In addition, the effects of glucocorticoids on the exercise-induced increase in circulating ucOC and insulin sensitivity are also unknown. We hypothesized that acute glucocorticoid treatment would lead to basal and postexercise insulin resistance in part through decreased circulating ucOC and ucOC-mediated skeletal muscle protein signaling. Nine healthy men completed two separate cycling sessions 12 hours after ingesting either glucocorticoid (20 mg prednisolone) or placebo (20 mg Avicel). The homeostatic model assessment was used to assess basal insulin sensitivity and a 2-hour euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was commenced 3 hours after exercise to assess postexercise insulin sensitivity. Serum ucOC and skeletal muscle protein signaling were measured. Single-dose glucocorticoid ingestion increased fasting glucose (27%, p < 0.01) and insulin (83%, p < 0.01), and decreased basal insulin sensitivity (-47%, p < 0.01). Glucocorticoids reduced insulin sensitivity after cycling exercise (-34%, p < 0.01), reduced muscle GPRC6A protein content (16%, p < 0.05), and attenuated protein phosphorylation of mTORSer2481 , AktSer374 , and AS160Thr642 (59%, 61%, and 50%, respectively; all ps < 0.05). Serum ucOC decreased (-24%, p < 0.01) which correlated with lower basal insulin sensitivity (r = 0.54, p = 0.02), lower insulin sensitivity after exercise (r = 0.72, p < 0.05), and attenuated muscle protein signaling (r = 0.48-0.71, p < 0.05). Glucocorticoid-induced basal and postexercise insulin resistance in humans is associated with the suppression of circulating ucOC and ucOC-linked protein signaling in skeletal muscle. Whether ucOC treatment can offset glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in human subjects requires further investigation. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuzhu Lin
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn McConell
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel K Stepto
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Centre of Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Hare
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ego Seeman
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mary Mackillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Routledge HE, Leckey JJ, Lee MJ, Garnham A, Graham S, Burgess D, Burke LM, Erskine RM, Close GL, Morton JP. Muscle Glycogen Utilization During an Australian Rules Football Game. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:122-124. [PMID: 29893600 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To better understand the carbohydrate (CHO) requirement of Australian Football (AF) match play by quantifying muscle glycogen utilization during an in-season AF match. METHODS After a 24-h CHO-loading protocol of 8 and 2 g/kg in the prematch meal, 2 elite male forward players had biopsies sampled from m. vastus lateralis before and after participation in a South Australian Football League game. Player A (87.2 kg) consumed water only during match play, whereas player B (87.6 kg) consumed 88 g CHO via CHO gels. External load was quantified using global positioning system technology. RESULTS Player A completed more minutes on the ground (115 vs 98 min) and covered greater total distance (12.2 vs 11.2 km) than player B, although with similar high-speed running (837 vs 1070 m) and sprinting (135 vs 138 m). Muscle glycogen decreased by 66% in player A (pre: 656 mmol/kg dry weight [dw], post: 223 mmol/kg dw) and 24% in player B (pre: 544 mmol/kg dw, post: 416 mmol/kg dw). CONCLUSION Prematch CHO loading elevated muscle glycogen concentrations (ie, >500 mmol/kg dw), the magnitude of which appears sufficient to meet the metabolic demands of elite AF match play. The glycogen cost of AF match play may be greater than in soccer and rugby, and CHO feeding may also spare muscle glycogen use. Further studies using larger sample sizes are now required to quantify the interindividual variability of glycogen cost of match play (including muscle and fiber-type-specific responses), as well examining potential metabolic and ergogenic effects of CHO feeding.
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Murphy RM, Flores-Opazo M, Frankish BP, Garnham A, Stapleton D, Hargreaves M. No evidence of direct association between GLUT4 and glycogen in human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13917. [PMID: 30488593 PMCID: PMC6429973 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that exercise increases whole body and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity that is linked with increased GLUT4 at the plasma membrane following insulin stimulation and associated with muscle glycogen depletion. To assess the potential direct association between muscle glycogen and GLUT4, seven untrained, male subjects exercised for 60 min at ~75% VO2 peak, with muscle samples obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy immediately before and after exercise. Exercise reduced muscle glycogen content by ~43%. An ultracentrifugation protocol resulted in a ~2-3-fold enriched glycogen fraction from muscle samples for analysis. Total GLUT4 content was unaltered by exercise and we were unable to detect any GLUT4 in glycogen fractions, either with or without amylase treatment. In skinned muscle fiber segments, there was very little, if any, GLUT4 detected in wash solutions, except following exposure to 1% Triton X-100. Amylase treatment of single fibers did not increase GLUT4 in the wash solution and there were no differences in GLUT4 content between fibers obtained before or after exercise for any of the wash treatments. Our results indicate no direct association between GLUT4 and glycogen in human skeletal muscle, before or after exercise, and suggest that alterations in GLUT4 translocation associated with exercise-induced muscle glycogen depletion are mediated via other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics and LaTrobe Institute for Molecular Science, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Marcelo Flores-Opazo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Activity Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, University Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Barnaby P Frankish
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics and LaTrobe Institute for Molecular Science, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - David Stapleton
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Trewin AJ, Parker L, Shaw CS, Hiam DS, Garnham A, Levinger I, McConell GK, Stepto NK. Acute HIIE elicits similar changes in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial H2O2 release, respiration, and cell signaling as endurance exercise even with less work. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1003-R1016. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00096.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) elicits distinct molecular responses to traditional endurance exercise relative to the total work performed. We aimed to investigate the influence of exercise intensity on acute perturbations to skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (respiration and reactive oxygen species) and metabolic and redox signaling responses. In a randomized, repeated measures crossover design, eight recreationally active individuals (24 ± 5 yr; V̇o2peak: 48 ± 11 ml·kg−1·min−1) undertook continuous moderate-intensity [CMIE: 30 min, 50% peak power output (PPO)], high-intensity interval (HIIE: 5 × 4 min, 75% PPO, work matched to CMIE), and low-volume sprint interval (SIE: 4 × 30 s) exercise, ≥7 days apart. Each session included muscle biopsies at baseline, immediately, and 3 h postexercise for high-resolution mitochondrial respirometry ( Jo2) and H2O2 emission ( Jh2o2) and gene and protein expression analysis. Immediately postexercise and irrespective of protocol, Jo2 increased during complex I + II leak/state 4 respiration but Jh2o2 decreased ( P < 0.05). AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl co-A carboxylase phosphorylation increased ~1.5 and 2.5-fold respectively, while thioredoxin-reductase-1 protein abundance was ~35% lower after CMIE vs. SIE ( P < 0.05). At 3 h postexercise, regardless of protocol, Jo2 was lower during both ADP-stimulated state 3 OXPHOS and uncoupled respiration ( P < 0.05) but Jh2o2 trended higher ( P < 0.08) and PPARGC1A mRNA increased ~13-fold, and peroxiredoxin-1 protein decreased ~35%. In conclusion, intermittent exercise performed at high intensities has similar dynamic effects on muscle mitochondrial function compared with endurance exercise, irrespective of whether total workload is matched. This suggests exercise prescription can accommodate individual preferences while generating comparable molecular signals known to promote beneficial metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Trewin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher S. Shaw
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle S. Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn K. McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel K. Stepto
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Centre of Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Flores‐Opazo M, Boland E, Garnham A, Murphy RM, McGee SL, Hargreaves M. Exercise and GLUT4 in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13918. [PMID: 30450826 PMCID: PMC6240583 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the effect of acute and chronic exercise on adipose tissue GLUT4 expression, a total of 20 healthy, male subjects performed one of two studies. Ten subjects performed cycle ergometer exercise for 60 min at 73 ± 2% VO2 peak and abdominal adipose tissue samples were obtained immediately before and after exercise and after 3 h of recovery. Another 10 subjects completed 10 days of exercise training, comprising a combination of six sessions of 60 min at 75% VO2 peak and four sessions of 6 × 5 min at 90% VO2 peak, separated by 3 min at 40% VO2 peak. Abdominal adipose tissue and vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained before training and 24 h after the last training session. A single bout of exercise did not change adipose tissue GLUT4 mRNA; however, there was a small, but significant, reduction in adipose tissue GLUT4 protein expression 3 h after exercise. There were no changes in adipose tissue GLUT4 or COX-IV expression following exercise training. In contrast, skeletal muscle GLUT4 and COX-IV were increased by 47% and 44%, respectively following exercise training. The exercise training-induced increase in GLUT4 expression was similar in both type I and type IIa single muscle fibers. Our results indicate that neither a single exercise bout, nor 10 days of exercise training, increased adipose tissue GLUT4, in contrast with the increases observed in skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Flores‐Opazo
- Department of PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Activity SciencesDepartment of PhysiotherapyUniversity Finis TerraeSantiagoChile
| | - Eva Boland
- Department of PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- School of Exercise & Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodAustralia
| | - Robyn M. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry & GeneticsLaTrobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLaTrobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sean L. McGee
- Metabolic Research UnitSchool of MedicineDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsAustralia
| | - Mark Hargreaves
- Department of PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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41
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Al Shakarchi J, Wall M, Newman J, Pathak R, Rehman A, Garnham A, Hobbs S. The role of compression after endovenous ablation of varicose veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2018; 6:546-550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yan X, Dvir N, Jacques M, Cavalcante L, Papadimitriou ID, Munson F, Kuang J, Garnham A, Landen S, Li J, O'Keefe L, Tirosh O, Bishop DJ, Voisin S, Eynon N. ACE I/D gene variant predicts ACE enzyme content in blood but not the ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content in human skeletal muscle in the Gene SMART study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:923-930. [PMID: 29927735 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00344.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is expressed in human skeletal muscle. The ACE I/D polymorphism has been associated with athletic performance in some studies. Studies have suggested that the ACE I/D gene variant is associated with ACE enzyme content in serum, and there is an interaction between ACE and uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2 and UCP3). However, no studies have explored the effect of ACE I/D on ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content in human skeletal muscle. Utilizing the Gene SMART cohort ( n = 81), we investigated whether the ACE I/D gene variant is associated with ACE enzyme content in blood and ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content in skeletal muscle at baseline and following a session of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Using a stringent and robust statistical analyses, we found that the ACE I/D gene variant was associated with ACE enzyme content in blood ( P < 0.005) at baseline but not the ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content in muscle at baseline. A single session of HIIE tended (0.005 < P < 0.05) to increase blood ACE content immediately postexercise, whereas muscle ACE protein content was lower 3 h after a single session of HIIE ( P < 0.005). Muscle UCP3 protein content decreased immediately after a single session of HIIE ( P < 0.005) and remained low 3 h postexercise. However, those changes in the muscle were not genotype dependent. In conclusion, The ACE I/D gene variant predicts ACE enzyme content in blood but not the ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content of human skeletal muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper describes the association between ACE I/D gene variant and ACE protein content in blood and ACE, UCP2, and UCP3 protein content in skeletal muscle at baseline and after exercise in a large cohort of healthy males. Our data suggest that ACE I/D is a strong predictor of blood ACE content but not muscle ACE content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.,Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Noam Dvir
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Luiz Cavalcante
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - Fiona Munson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.,College of Physical Education, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Lannie O'Keefe
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Oren Tirosh
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne , Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne , Australia
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Bescos R, Boden MJ, Jackson ML, Trewin AJ, Marin EC, Levinger I, Garnham A, Hiam DS, Falcao-Tebas F, Conte F, Owens J, Kennaway DJ, McConell GK. Four days of simulated shift work reduces insulin sensitivity in humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13039. [PMID: 29356345 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 consecutive simulated night shifts on glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial function and central and peripheral rhythmicities compared with a simulated day shift schedule. METHODS Seventeen healthy adults (8M:9F) matched for sleep, physical activity and dietary/fat intake participated in this study (night shift work n = 9; day shift work n = 8). Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity before and after 4 nights of shift work were measured by an intravenous glucose tolerance test and a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp respectively. Muscles biopsies were obtained to determine insulin signalling and mitochondrial function. Central and peripheral rhythmicities were assessed by measuring salivary melatonin and expression of circadian genes from hair samples respectively. RESULTS Fasting plasma glucose increased (4.4 ± 0.1 vs. 4.6 ± 0.1 mmol L-1 ; P = .001) and insulin sensitivity decreased (25 ± 7%, P < .05) following the night shift, with no changes following the day shift. Night shift work had no effect on skeletal muscle protein expression (PGC1α, UCP3, TFAM and mitochondria Complex II-V) or insulin-stimulated pAkt Ser473, pTBC1D4Ser318 and pTBC1D4Thr642. Importantly, the metabolic changes after simulated night shifts occurred despite no changes in the timing of melatonin rhythmicity or hair follicle cell clock gene expression across the wake period (Per3, Per1, Nr1d1 and Nr1d2). CONCLUSION Only 4 days of simulated night shift work in healthy adults is sufficient to reduce insulin sensitivity which would be expected to increase the risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Bescos
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Institute of Health & Community; Faculty of Health & Human Sciences; University of Plymouth; Plymouth UK
| | - M. J. Boden
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
- Syneos Health; Hindmarsh SA Australia
| | - M. L. Jackson
- College of Arts; Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; Bundoora Vic. Australia
| | - A. J. Trewin
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Department of Anesthesiology; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
| | - E. C. Marin
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health); Austin Hospital; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - I. Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS); Western Health; Melbourne Australia
| | - A. Garnham
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - D. S. Hiam
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - F. Falcao-Tebas
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - F. Conte
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - J. A. Owens
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - D. J. Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - G. K. McConell
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL); Victoria University; Melbourne Vic. Australia
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Whittaker JD, Downes F, Becker H, Garnham A, Wall M. Influence of Perioperative Serum Magnesium for Cardiac and Noncardiac Morbidity and Mortality Following Emergency Peripheral Vascular Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 33:474-479. [PMID: 30045811 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the influence of serum magnesium on 30-day mortality and cardiac and noncardiac morbidity. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional observational study of routinely collected prospective data. SETTING Single-center tertiary vascular center in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS All patients undergoing arterial peripheral vascular surgery during an unplanned admission. INTERVENTIONS Observational, no interventions implemented. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In the study, n = 197. One hundred thirty-eight were male (70.1%). Median age at procedure was 70.0 years (interquartile range 20.0). Of those with a documented history, 37.9% had diabetes, 81.7% had a smoking history, 63.7% had hypertension, and 26.5% had known ischemic heart disease or heart failure. There was a significant perioperative change in magnesium (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.001), and creatinine (p = 0.004), with no significant alteration in potassium (p = 0.096). Thirty-day mortality was 4.6%. Thirty-day cardiac morbidity was 4.1%. Thirty-day noncardiac morbidity was 32.3%. Postoperative magnesium was independently predictive for 30-day mortality (p = 0.02, odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-0.99) and cardiac morbidity (p = 0.03, OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-1.00). Only a previous smoking history was independently predictive of noncardiac morbidity (p = 0.03, OR 9.67, 95% CI 1.20-78.15). CONCLUSION Perioperative changes in serum magnesium may have an influence on short-term mortality and cardiac complications. This should be considered in the management of patients undergoing unplanned peripheral vascular surgery; however, further research is needed to examine the benefit of supplementation perioperatively and to explore the exact mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick Downes
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK
| | - Helga Becker
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK
| | - Michael Wall
- Black Country Vascular Network, Russell's Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK
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Anandakumar A, Faulconer R, Garnham A. Reoperation Rates and Influencing Factors in Major Limb Amputation. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Cheung AS, de Rooy C, Levinger I, Rana K, Clarke MV, How JM, Garnham A, McLean C, Zajac JD, Davey RA, Grossmann M. Actin alpha cardiac muscle 1 gene expression is upregulated in the skeletal muscle of men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:56-64. [PMID: 28756295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) decreases muscle mass and function but no human studies have investigated the underlying genetic or cellular effects. We tested the hypothesis that ADT will lead to changes in skeletal muscle gene expression, which may explain the adverse muscle phenotype seen clinically. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 9 men with localised prostate cancer who underwent a vastus lateralis biopsy before and after 4 weeks of ADT. Next-generation RNA sequencing was performed and genes differentially expressed following ADT underwent gene ontology mining using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Differential expression of genes of interest was confirmed by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) on gastrocnemius muscle of orchidectomised mice and sham controls (n=11/group). We found that in men, circulating total testosterone decreased from 16.5±4.3nmol/L at baseline to 0.4±0.15nmol/L post-ADT (p<0.001). RNA sequencing identified 19 differentially expressed genes post-ADT (all p<0.05 after adjusting for multiple testing). Gene ontology mining identified 8 genes to be of particular interest due to known roles in androgen-mediated signalling; ABCG1, ACTC1, ANKRD1, DMPK, THY1, DCLK1, CST3 were upregulated and SLC38A3 was downregulated post-ADT. Q-PCR in mouse gastrocnemius muscle confirmed that only one gene, Actc1 was concordantly upregulated (p<0.01) in orchidectomised mice compared with controls. In conclusion, given that ACTC1 upregulation is associated with improved muscle function in certain myopathies, we hypothesise that upregulation of ACTC1 may represent a compensatory response to ADT-induced muscle loss. Further studies will be required to evaluate the role and function of ACTC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada S Cheung
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Casey de Rooy
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Kesha Rana
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele V Clarke
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jackie M How
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel A Davey
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Russell AP, Wallace MA, Kalanon M, Zacharewicz E, Della Gatta PA, Garnham A, Lamon S. Striated muscle activator of Rho signalling (STARS) is reduced in ageing human skeletal muscle and targeted by miR-628-5p. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:263-274. [PMID: 27739650 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The striated muscle activator of Rho signalling (STARS) is a muscle-specific actin-binding protein. The STARS signalling pathway is activated by resistance exercise and is anticipated to play a role in signal mechanotransduction. Animal studies have reported a negative regulation of STARS signalling with age, but such regulation has not been investigated in humans. METHODS Ten young (18-30 years) and 10 older (60-75 years) subjects completed an acute bout of resistance exercise. Gene and protein expression of members of the STARS signalling pathway and miRNA expression of a subset of miRNAs, predicted or known to target members of STARS signalling pathway, were measured in muscle biopsies collected pre-exercise and 2 h post-exercise. RESULTS For the first time, we report a significant downregulation of the STARS protein in older subjects. However, there was no effect of age on the magnitude of STARS activation in response to an acute bout of exercise. Finally, we established that miR-628-5p, a miRNA regulated by age and exercise, binds to the STARS 3'UTR to directly downregulate its transcription. CONCLUSION This study describes for the first time the resistance exercise-induced regulation of STARS signalling in skeletal muscle from older humans and identifies a new miRNA involved in the transcriptional control of STARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - M. A. Wallace
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - M. Kalanon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - E. Zacharewicz
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - P. A. Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - A. Garnham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
| | - S. Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University; Geelong Vic. Australia
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Tacey A, Parker L, Garnham A, Brennan-Speranza TC, Levinger I. The effect of acute and short term glucocorticoid administration on exercise capacity and metabolism. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:543-548. [PMID: 28179068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoids (GC) are commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Chronic GC administration has severe side effects that can decrease exercise capacity and, as a result performance. The side effects of acute (single dose) and short term (<7 days) GC administration are less severe, therefore the impact on exercise performance is unclear. Consequently, it is of interest to determine the influence of acute and short term GC administration on exercise capacity and performance and investigate the relationship with metabolism. DESIGN Review article. METHODS Included in the review were studies with healthy volunteers that reported exercise capacity and performance outcomes following acute and short term GC ingestion. Additionally, the relationship of exercise, GC ingestion and metabolism was investigated. RESULTS Acute GC treatment appears to have minimal effects on exercise performance at intensities between 60 and 90% of VO2max. Short term GC treatment improved performance in the majority of studies at various exercise intensities. In general, blood glucose values increased whilst insulin and lactate values remained unchanged following GC administration. However, inconsistencies in metabolic results are present and may be due to variations in exercise protocols and the type and dosage of drug treatments. CONCLUSIONS Acute GC administration has a minimal effect on exercise capacity and performance while short-term GC administration is likely to improve performance. Future studies should focus on the effects of GC on exercise performance and exercise metabolism during and post exercise to determine the effects on exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tacey
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Australia.
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Karanikolou A, Wang G, Papadimitriou ID, Yan X, Garnham A, Bishop DJ, Eynon N, Pitsiladis YP. P-86 The use of whole-genome expression to predict exercise training response in the gene smart study: preliminary results. Br J Sports Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097120.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Aktuerk D, Mishra PK, Luckraz H, Garnham A, Khazi FM. Cerebral oxygenation monitoring in patients with bilateral carotid stenosis undergoing urgent cardiac surgery: Observational case series. Ann Card Anaesth 2016; 19:59-62. [PMID: 26750675 PMCID: PMC4900385 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.173021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with significant bilateral carotid artery stenosis requiring urgent cardiac surgery have an increased risk of stroke and death. The optimal management strategy remains inconclusive, and the available evidence does not support the superiority of one strategy over another. Materials and Methods: A number of noninvasive strategies have been developed for minimizing perioperative stroke including continuous real-time monitoring of cerebral oxygenation with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The number of patients presenting with this combination (bilateral significant carotid stenosis requiring urgent cardiac surgery) in any single institution will be small and hence there is a lack of large randomized studies. Results: This case series describes our early experience with NIRS in a select group of patients with significant bilateral carotid stenosis undergoing urgent cardiac surgery (n = 8). In contrast to other studies, this series is a single surgeon, single center study, where the entire surgery (both distal ends and proximal ends) was performed during single aortic clamp technique, which effectively removes several confounding variables. NIRS monitoring led to the early recognition of decreased cerebral oxygenation, and corrective steps (increased cardiopulmonary bypass flow, increased pCO2, etc.,) were taken. Conclusion: The study shows good clinical outcome with the use of NIRS. This is our “work in progress,” and we aim to conduct a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj Kumar Mishra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiothoracic Unit, Heart and Lung Centre, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, United Kingdom
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