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Szerszunowicz I, Kozicki S. Plant-Derived Proteins and Peptides as Potential Immunomodulators. Molecules 2023; 29:209. [PMID: 38202792 PMCID: PMC10780438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response of humans may be modulated by certain biopeptides. The present study aimed to determine the immunomodulatory potential of plant-derived food proteins and hydrolysates obtained from these proteins via monocatalytic in silico hydrolysis (using ficin, stem bromelainm or pepsin (pH > 2)). The scope of this study included determinations of the profiles of select bioactivities of proteins before and after hydrolysis and computations of the frequency of occurrence of selected bioactive fragments in proteins (parameter A), frequency/relative frequency of the release of biopeptides (parameters AE, W) and the theoretical degree of hydrolysis (DHt), by means of the resources and programs available in the BIOPEP-UWM database. The immunomodulating (ImmD)/immunostimulating (ImmS) peptides deposited in the database were characterized as well (ProtParam tool). Among the analyzed proteins of cereals and legumes, the best precursors of ImmD immunopeptides (YG, YGG, GLF, TPRK) turned out to be rice and garden pea proteins, whereas the best precursors of ImmS peptides appeared to be buckwheat (GVM, GFL, EAE) and broad bean (LLY, EAE) proteins. The highest number of YG sequences was released by stem bromelain upon the simulated hydrolysis of rice proteins (AE = 0.0010-0.0820, W = 0.1994-1.0000, DHt = 45-82%). However, antibacterial peptides (IAK) were released by ficin only from rice, oat, and garden pea proteins (DHt = 41-46%). Biopeptides (YG, IAK) identified in protein hydrolysates are potential immunomodulators, nutraceuticals, and components of functional food that may modulate the activity of the human immune system. Stem bromelain and ficin are also active components that are primed to release peptide immunomodulators from plant-derived food proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Szerszunowicz
- Department of Food Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
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Yimam M, Horm T, Cai S, O’Neal A, Jiao P, Hong M, Tea T, Jia Q. Discovery of Transfer Factors in Plant-Derived Proteins and an In Vitro Assessment of Their Immunological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7961. [PMID: 38138452 PMCID: PMC10745390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated exposure to pathogens leads to evolutionary selection of adaptive traits. Many species transfer immunological memory to their offspring to counteract future immune challenges. Transfer factors such as those found in the colostrum are among the many mechanisms where transfer of immunologic memory from one generation to the next can be achieved for an enhanced immune response. Here, a library of 100 plants with high protein contents was screened to find plant-based proteins that behave like a transfer factor moiety to boost human immunity. Aqueous extracts from candidate plants were tested in a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytotoxicity assay using human cancerous lymphoblast cells-with K562 cells as a target and natural killer cells as an effector. Plant extracts that caused PBMCs to exhibit enhanced killing beyond the capability of the colostrum-based transfer factor were considered hits. Primary screening yielded an 11% hit rate. The protein contents of these hits were tested via a Bradford assay and Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE, where three extracts were confirmed to have high protein contents. Plants with high protein contents underwent C18 column fractionation using methanol gradients followed by membrane ultrafiltration to isolate protein fractions with molecular weights of <3 kDa, 3-30 kDa, and >30 kDa. It was found that the 3-30 kDa and >30 kDa fractions had high activity in the PBMC cytotoxicity assay. The 3-30 kDa ultrafiltrates from the top two hits, seeds from Raphanus sativus and Brassica juncea, were then selected for protein identification by mass spectrometry. The majority of the proteins in the fractions were found to be seed storage proteins, with a low abundance of proteins involved in plant defense and stress response. These findings suggest that Raphanus sativus or Brassica juncea extracts could be considered for further characterization and immune functional exploration with a possibility of supplemental use to bolster recipients' immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| | - Teresa Horm
- Department of Biology, Pacific Lutheran University, 12180 Park Ave. S, Tacoma, WA 98447, USA
| | - Shengxin Cai
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| | | | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| | - Thida Tea
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA; (S.C.); (P.J.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (Q.J.)
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Zhu S, Zhao Y, Liu L, Xu Y, Zhu J, Li W, Liu Y, Xia M. High Plant Protein Diet Ameliorated Hepatic Lipid Accumulation Through the Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300515. [PMID: 37876152 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Substituting plant protein for animal protein has emerged as a promising strategy for managing atherogenic lipids. However, the impact of long-term intake of a high plant protein diet (HPD) on hepatic lipid disorder remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE-/- ) mice are fed with either a normal protein diet (NCD) or HPD for 12 weeks. HPD intervention results in decreased body weight accompanied by increased energy expenditure, with no significant effect on glycemic control. Long-term intake of HPD improves the serum and hepatic lipid and cholesterol accumulation by suppressing hepatic squalene epoxidase (SQLE) expression, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Integrated analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics profiling reveals that HPD intervention increases the abundance of the Lachnospiraece family and serum levels of 12,13-DiHOME. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrate that 12,13-DiHOME significantly inhibits lipid accumulation, as well as SQLE expression induced by oleic acid in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Diet rich in plant protein diet alleviates hyperlipidemia via increased microbial production of 12,13-DiHOME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yawen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ludi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
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Hou W, Zhao F, Fang L, Wang X, Wu D, Liu C, Leng Y, Gao Y, Fu J, Wang J, Min W. Walnut-Derived Peptides Promote Autophagy via the Activation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Pathway to Ameliorate Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:3751-3765. [PMID: 36802594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy flux plays a significant protective role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms by which autophagy mediates insulin resistance (IR) to ameliorate T2DM remain unclear. This study explored the hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of walnut-derived peptides (fraction 3-10 kDa and LP5) in streptozotocin and high-fat-diet-induced T2DM mice. Findings revealed that walnut-derived peptides reduced the levels of blood glucose and FINS and ameliorated IR and dyslipidemia. They also increased SOD and GSH-PX activities and inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Additionally, they increased the levels of ATP, COX, SDH, and MMP of liver mitochondria. Western blotting indicated that walnut-derived peptides up-regulated LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 expression, while they down-regulated p62 expression, which may be associated with the activation of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Finally, the AMPK activator (AICAR) and inhibitor (Compound C) were used to verify that LP5 could activate autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in IR HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanrui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxi Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
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Ancheta LR, Shramm PA, Bouajram R, Higgins D, Lappi DA. Streptavidin-Saporin: Converting Biotinylated Materials into Targeted Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030181. [PMID: 36977072 PMCID: PMC10059012 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptavidin-Saporin can be considered a type of ‘secondary’ targeted toxin. The scientific community has taken advantage of this conjugate in clever and fruitful ways using many kinds of biotinylated targeting agents to send saporin into a cell selected for elimination. Saporin is a ribosome-inactivating protein that causes inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death when delivered inside a cell. Streptavidin-Saporin, mixed with biotinylated molecules to cell surface markers, results in powerful conjugates that are used both in vitro and in vivo for behavior and disease research. Streptavidin-Saporin harnesses the ‘Molecular Surgery’ capability of saporin, creating a modular arsenal of targeted toxins used in applications ranging from the screening of potential therapeutics to behavioral studies and animal models. The reagent has become a well-published and validated resource in academia and industry. The ease of use and diverse functionality of Streptavidin-Saporin continues to have a significant impact on the life science industry.
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Fernández-Bobey A, Pinto MEF, de Almeida LC, de Souza BM, Dias NB, de Paula-Souza J, Cilli EM, Lopes NP, Costa-Lotufo LV, Palma MS, da Silva Bolzani V. Cytotoxic Cyclotides from Anchietea pyrifolia, a South American Plant Species. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:2127-2134. [PMID: 36044031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides are mini-proteins with potent bioactivities and outstanding potential for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. More than 450 different plant cyclotides have been isolated from six angiosperm families. In Brazil, studies involving this class of natural products are still scarce, despite its rich floristic diversity. Herein were investigated the cyclotides from Anchietea pyrifolia roots, a South American medicinal plant from the family Violaceae. Fourteen putative cyclotides were annotated by LC-MS. Among these, three new bracelet cyclotides, anpy A-C, and the known cycloviolacins O4 (cyO4) and O17 (cyO17) were sequenced through a combination of chemical and enzymatic reactions followed by MALDI-MS/MS analysis. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated by a cytotoxicity assay against three human cancer cell lines (colorectal carcinoma cells: HCT 116 and HCT 116 TP53-/- and breast adenocarcinoma, MCF 7). For all assays, the IC50 values of isolated compounds ranged between 0.8 and 7.3 μM. CyO17 was the most potent cyclotide for the colorectal cancer cell lines (IC50, 0.8 and 1.2 μM). Furthermore, the hemolytic activity of anpy A and B, cyO4, and cyO17 was assessed, and the cycloviolacins were the least hemolytic (HD50 > 156 μM). This work sheds light on the cytotoxic effects of the anpy cyclotides against cancer cells. Moreover, this study expands the number of cyclotides obtained to date from Brazilian plant biodiversity and adds one more genus containing these molecules to the list of the Violaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernández-Bobey
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis, and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Zoochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meri Emili Ferreira Pinto
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis, and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Costa de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Monson de Souza
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Zoochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Baptista Dias
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), University of The Frontier (UFRO), 4881-176, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juliana de Paula-Souza
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-535, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis, and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Nucleus Research in Natural and Synthetic Products (NPPNS), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Structural Biology and Zoochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis, and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Tavares LS, Mancebo BD, Santana LN, Adelson do Nascimento Silva A, Silva RLDO, Benko-Iseppon AM, Ramos MV, Monteiro do Nascimento CT, Grangeiro TB, Sousa JS, Mota RA, Júnior VADS, Lima-Filho JV. Recombinant osmotin inclusion bodies from Calotropis procera produced in E. coli BL21(DE3) prevent acute inflammation in a mouse model of listeriosis. Phytomedicine 2022; 102:154186. [PMID: 35617890 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The osmotin from the medicinal plant Calotropis procera (CpOsm) has characteristics similar to adiponectin, a human protein with immunoregulatory actions. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether recombinant osmotin inclusion bodies from C. procera (IB/rCpOsm) produced in E. coli BL21(DE3) can prevent infection-induced inflammation. A virulent strain of Listeria monocytogenes was used as an infection model. METHODS Cells of E. coli BL21(DE3) carrying the plasmid pET303-CpOsm were used to express the recombinant osmotin, which accumulated at reasonable levels as inclusion bodies (IB/rCpOsm). IB/rCpOsm were purified from induced cells and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the identity of the major protein band (23 kDa apparent molecular mass) as CpOsm. Peritoneal macrophages (pMØ) from Swiss mice were cultured with IB/rCpOsm (1 or 10 µg/ml) in 96-well plates and then infected with L. monocytogenes. IB/rCpOsm (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg) was also administered intravenously to Swiss mice, which were then infected intraperitoneally with L. monocytogenes. RESULTS Pretreatment of the pMØ with IB/rCpOsm significantly increased cell viability after infection and reduced the intracellular bacterial load. The infiltration of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity of mice pretreated with IB/rCpOsm at 10 mg/kg (but not 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) was reduced after infection. In these mice, the bacterial load was high in the peritoneal fluid and the liver, but histological damage was discrete. The treatments with IB/rCpOsm at 10 mg/kg significantly increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. CONCLUSION This study shows that recombinant osmotin inclusion bodies from C. procera were bioactive and prompted anti-inflammatory actions at therapeutic dosages in the L. monocytogenes infection model.
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Shukla M, Singh V, Habeeballah H, Alkhanani MF, Lata M, Hussain Y, Mukherjee M, Pasupuleti M, Meena A, Mishra BN, Haque S. Quorum Quenching-Guided Inhibition of Mixed Bacterial Biofilms and Virulence Properties by Protein Derived From Leaves of Carissa carandas. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:836819. [PMID: 35909977 PMCID: PMC9329584 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.836819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition/degradation potential of Carissa carandas proteinaceous leaf extract against mixed bacterial biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Escherichia coli MTCC 1304, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741, and Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109, responsible for nosocomial infections, was evaluated. Distinct inhibition/degradation of mixed bacterial biofilm by the proteinaceous leaf extract of C. carandas was observed under a microscope, and it was found to be 80%. For mono-species biofilm, the maximum degradation of 70% was observed against S. aureus biofilm. The efficiency of aqueous plant extracts to inhibit the mono-species biofilm was observed in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the best was found against P. aeruginosa (12.5 μg/ml). The presence of flavonoids, phenols, and tannins in the phytochemical analysis of the plant extract suggests the main reason for the antibiofilm property of C. carandas. From the aqueous extract, protein fraction was precipitated using 70% ammonium sulfate and dialyzed. This fraction was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and found to be stable and active at 10°C (pH 7). The purified fraction showed less than 40% cytotoxicity, which suggests that it can be explored for therapeutic purposes after in-depth testing. In order to investigate the mechanistic action of the biofilm inhibition, the plant protein was tested against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, and its inhibitory effect confirmed its quorum quenching nature. Based on these experimental analyses, it can be speculated that the isolated plant protein might influence the signaling molecule that leads to the inhibition effect of the mixed bacterial biofilm. Further experimental studies are warranted to validate our current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Vineeta Singh, ; Bhartendu Nath Mishra, ; Shafiul Haque,
| | - Hamza Habeeballah
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh (Jeddah), Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustfa F. Alkhanani
- Emergency Medical Services Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manjul Lata
- Microbiology Division, CSIR, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Microbiology Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Yusuf Hussain
- Microbiology Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Microbiology Division, CSIR, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Microbiology Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Microbiology Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Vineeta Singh, ; Bhartendu Nath Mishra, ; Shafiul Haque,
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Vineeta Singh, ; Bhartendu Nath Mishra, ; Shafiul Haque,
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Ren Y, Zhu Y, Liang F, Li Q, Zhao Q, He Y, Lin X, Qin X, Cheng S. Effect of foliar copper application on grain yield, 2-acetyl-1-Pyrroline and copper content in fragrant rice. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 182:154-166. [PMID: 35500526 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Literature reporting the effects of application of exogenous copper (Cu) on the grain yield, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) and Cu content of fragrant rice is scarce. Pot experiments were conducted in early and later season in 2020 with two fragrant rice cultivars, Meixiangzhan and Yuxiangyouzhan, at heading stage using four treatments, i.e.: 0 (CK), 20 (T1), 40 (T2), and 60 mM (T3) CuSO4·5H2O to assess the effects of foliar copper application on the yield, 2-AP and Cu content. Results showed that T2 treatment improved the yield of Meixiangzhan and Yuxiangyouzhan by 6.88% and 11.35% respectively, by increased seed-setting rate. Meanwhile, T2 treatment greatly increased the grains 2-AP content by 21.95% and 10.15% in early season, and by 5.40% and 27.25% in later season, respectively, which was significant associated with the contents of proline, pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) and pyrroline, and the activities of proline dehydrogenase (PDH), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS). Foliar copper application increased the grain Cu content and showed the highest values in T3 treatment. Overall, foliar copper application at heading stage had a positive effect on yield and grain 2-AP and Cu content of fragrant rice. The results from this study show that T2 treatment (moderate CuSO4 application) had the most desirable outcomes, synergistically improving the yield and aroma of fragrant rice as well as enriching the grain copper content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ren
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Fang Liang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Qingqing Li
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Quanhu Zhao
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Ying He
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Xueer Lin
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Qin
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Siren Cheng
- College of Biology and Pharmacy of Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin, 537000, PR China.
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10
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Schlaak L, Weise C, Kuropka B, Weng A. Sapovaccarin-S1 and -S2, Two Type I RIP Isoforms from the Seeds of Saponaria vaccaria L. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070449. [PMID: 35878187 PMCID: PMC9324600 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are plant toxins that inhibit protein synthesis by exerting rRNA N-glycosylase activity (EC 3.2.2.22). Due to the lack of a cell-binding domain, type I RIPs are not target cell-specific. However once linked to antibodies, so called immunotoxins, they are promising candidates for targeted anti-cancer therapy. In this study, sapovaccarin-S1 and -S2, two newly identified type I RIP isoforms differing in only one amino acid, were isolated from the seeds of Saponaria vaccaria L. Sapovaccarin-S1 and -S2 were purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and subsequent cation exchange chromatography. The determined molecular masses of 28,763 Da and 28,793 Da are in the mass range typical for type I RIPs and the identified amino acid sequences are homologous to known type I RIPs such as dianthin 30 and saporin-S6 (79% sequence identity each). Sapovaccarin-S1 and -S2 showed adenine-releasing activity and induced cell death in Huh-7 cells. In comparison to other type I RIPs, sapovaccarin-S1 and -S2 exhibited a higher thermostability as shown by nano-differential scanning calorimetry. These results suggest that sapovaccarin-S1 and -S2 would be optimal candidates for targeted anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Schlaak
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (C.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (C.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Alexander Weng
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-838-51265
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11
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Shu L, Yang M, Liu N, Liu Y, Sun H, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yang X, Wang Y. Short Hexapeptide Optimized from Rice-Derived Peptide 1 Shows Promising Anti-hyperuricemia Activities. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:6679-6687. [PMID: 35608514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived peptides are a treasure trove for new-generation anti-hyperuricemia drugs. In the current study, we optimized a short hexapeptide rice-derived peptide 1 (RDP1)-M3 (AAAAGA) according to the anti-hyperuricemia RDP1 peptide identified from rice in our previous research. Results showed that RDP1-M3 exerted better hyperuricemia-alleviating and xanthine oxidase (XOD)-inhibiting potency in mice than RDP1. The biodistribution of RDP1-M3 was also analyzed. RDP1-M3 directly decreased XOD and uric acid levels in vivo and in vitro. In addition, RDP1-M3 reduced the expression of urate transporter 1 and glucose transporter 9, increased the level of organic anion transporter 1, reduced the expression of NOD-like receptor superfamily pyrin 3 inflammasomes, and reduced the levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α of hyperuricemic mice. Thus, our results indicated that the optimized short hexapeptide RDP1-M3 may be a candidate drug for anti-hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjun Shu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources & Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Naixin Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources & Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources & Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Xinwang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources & Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
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12
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Milhm ACP, Bonet LFS, Aiub CAF, Siqueira Junior CL. Biochemical characterization and phytotoxic activity of protein extract from Euphorbia tirucalli L. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 285:114903. [PMID: 34890731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia tirucalli L., a tropical and subtropical plant, also known by the popular name avelós, has been used in folk medicine against many diseases as rheumatism, asthma, toothache, and cancer. Studies have shown that natural compounds contained in this plant species may be associated with these functions. However, little is known about its potential toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY Several proteins conduct biological functions, in particular, proteinases, play a crucial role in many mechanisms of living beings, including plants, animals and microorganisms. However, when poorly regulated, they can generate consequences, such as the non-production of certain substances, or even the abnormal multiplication of cells, which leads to tumors. On the other hand, by regulating these enzymes, proteinase inhibitors act by reducing the activity of proteinases, thus preventing their malfunction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of the protein extract of E. tirucalli and to purify a protease inhibitor that may be associated with the biological medicinal functions of the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of the protein extract produced from the stem of avelós was investigated using the Ames test. The protein extract was also submitted to a protease inhibitor purification process using the gel filtration chromatography technique and the purified protein was biochemically characterized. RESULTS A protease inhibitor, called tirustatin, was isolated 1.84-fold by Biogel P100. The calculated molecular mass of the isolated protein is 25.97 kDa. The inhibitor was stable at pH 3-10, with pronounced activity at pH 6. Thermostability was observed even at elevated temperature (100 °C) with inhibitory activity increased by 1.14-fold compared to inhibitor activity at room temperature. Incubation at basic pH values for up to 60 min caused little reduction (0.25-fold) in the papain inhibitory activity of tirustatin. The stoichiometry of the papain-tirustatin interaction was 1.5: 1 and 28.8 pM of the inhibitor effected 50% inhibition. With an equilibrium dissociation constant of 8.74 x 10-8M for the papain enzyme, it is possible to evaluate the isolated protein as a non-competitive inhibitor. In addition, the protein extract of E. tirucalli even at the maximum concentration used (20 μg/mL), did not show a cytotoxic and mutagenic profile in a bacterial model. CONCLUSION The results presented in this work provide data that reinforce the idea of the potential use of proteins produced in E. tirucalli as pharmacological and biotechnological agents that can be exploited for the development of efficient drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Pereira Milhm
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Function of Plant Proteins, Department of Botany, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felippe Sarmento Bonet
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Function of Plant Proteins, Department of Botany, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Alessandra Fortes Aiub
- Laboratory of Genotoxicity, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, R. Frei Caneca, 94 - Centro, Brazil.
| | - César Luis Siqueira Junior
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Function of Plant Proteins, Research Center on Agricultural Systems, Department of Botany, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Brazil.
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13
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Nuñez R, Rodriguez MJ, Palomares F, Gomez F, Jabato FM, Cordoba-Caballero J, Seoane P, Losada J, Rojo J, Torres MJ, Perkins JR, Mayorga C. Transcriptional changes in dendritic cells underlying allergen specific induced tolerance in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2797. [PMID: 35181694 PMCID: PMC8857182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate food allergy-tolerance mechanisms induced through allergen-specific immunotherapy we used RNA-Sequencing to measure gene expression in lymph-node-derived dendritic cells from Pru p 3-anaphylactic mice after immunotherapy with glycodendropeptides at 2 nM and 5 nM, leading to permanent tolerance and short-term desensitization, respectively. Gene expression was also measured in mice receiving no immunotherapy (anaphylaxis); and in which anaphylaxis could never occur (antigen-only). Compared to anaphylaxis, the antigen-only group showed the greatest number of expression-changes (411), followed by tolerant (186) and desensitized (119). Only 29 genes changed in all groups, including Il12b, Cebpb and Ifngr1. The desensitized group showed enrichment for genes related to chronic inflammatory response, secretory granule, and regulation of interleukin-12 production; the tolerant group showed genes related to cytokine receptor activity and glucocorticoid receptor binding, suggesting distinct pathways for similar outcomes. We identified genes and processes potentially involved in the restoration of long-term tolerance via allergen-specific immunotherapy, representing potential prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Nuñez
- Allergy Research Group, Research Laboratory, Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-IBIMA, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Rodriguez
- Allergy Research Group, Research Laboratory, Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-IBIMA, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Allergy Research Group, Research Laboratory, Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-IBIMA, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Gomez
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando M Jabato
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Seoane
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Losada
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Allergy Research Group, Research Laboratory, Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-IBIMA, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009, Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Nanostructures for Diagnosing and Treatment of Allergic Diseases Laboratory, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Málaga-UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - James Richard Perkins
- Allergy Research Group, Research Laboratory, Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-IBIMA, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research Group, Research Laboratory, Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-IBIMA, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29009, Málaga, Spain.
- Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- Nanostructures for Diagnosing and Treatment of Allergic Diseases Laboratory, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
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Struyfs C, Breukers J, Spasic D, Lammertyn J, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. Multiplex Analysis to Unravel the Mode of Antifungal Activity of the Plant Defensin HsAFP1 in Single Yeast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031515. [PMID: 35163438 PMCID: PMC8836000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Single cell analyses have gained increasing interest over bulk approaches because of considerable cell-to-cell variability within isogenic populations. Herein, flow cytometry remains golden standard due to its high-throughput efficiency and versatility, although it does not allow to investigate the interdependency of cellular events over time. Starting from our microfluidic platform that enables to trap and retain individual cells on a fixed location over time, here, we focused on unraveling kinetic responses of single Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells upon treatment with the antifungal plant defensin HsAFP1. We monitored the time between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane permeabilization (MP) in single yeast cells for different HsAFP1 doses using two fluorescent dyes with non-overlapping spectra. Within a time frame of 2 min, only <0.3% cells displayed time between the induction of ROS and MP. Reducing the time frame to 30 s did not result in increased numbers of cells with time between these events, pointing to ROS and MP induction as highly dynamic and correlated processes. In conclusion, using an in-house developed continuous microfluidic platform, we investigated the mode of action of HsAFP1 at single cell level, thereby uncovering the close interdependency between ROS induction and MP in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Struyfs
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (C.S.); (B.P.A.C.)
| | - Jolien Breukers
- Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (D.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (D.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Biosensors Group, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (D.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Bruno P. A. Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (C.S.); (B.P.A.C.)
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (C.S.); (B.P.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-32-96-88
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15
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Zheng J, Zhu T, Yang G, Zhao L, Li F, Park YM, Tabung FK, Steck SE, Li X, Wang H. The Isocaloric Substitution of Plant-Based and Animal-Based Protein in Relation to Aging-Related Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020272. [PMID: 35057453 PMCID: PMC8781188 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based and animal-based protein intake have differential effects on various aging-related health outcomes, but less is known about the health effect of isocaloric substitution of plant-based and animal-based protein. This systematic review summarized current evidence of the isocaloric substitutional effect of plant-based and animal-based protein on aging-related health outcomes. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for epidemiologic observational studies published in English up to 15 March 2021. Studies that included adults ≥18 years old; use of a nutritional substitution model to define isocaloric substitution of plant protein and animal protein; health outcomes covering mortality, aging-related diseases or indices; and reported association estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were included. Nine cohort studies and 3 cross-sectional studies were identified, with a total of 1,450,178 subjects included in this review. Consistent and significant inverse association of substituting plant protein for various animal proteins on all-cause mortality was observed among 4 out of 5 studies with relative risks (RRs) from 0.54 to 0.95 and on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among all 4 studies with RRs from 0.58 to 0.91. Among specific animal proteins, the strongest inverse association on all-cause and CVD mortality was identified when substituting plant protein for red and/or processed meat protein, with the effect mainly limited to bread, cereal, and pasta protein when replacing red meat protein. Isocaloric substitution of plant-based protein for animal-based protein might prevent all-cause and CVD-specific mortality. More studies are needed on this topic, particularly for cancer incidence and other specific aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.Y.)
| | - Tianren Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guanghuan Yang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.Y.)
| | - Longgang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (L.Z.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Fangyu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Yong-Moon Park
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Fred K. Tabung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Susan E. Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (L.Z.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (H.W.)
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16
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Lee Y, Lee HJ, Ham S, Jeong D, Lee M, Lee U, Lee M, Kwon T, Ko K. Plant-derived human recombinant growth factors and serum albumin maintain stemness of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:139-147. [PMID: 34694043 PMCID: PMC9298993 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are an important therapeutic source for recovery and regeneration, as their ability of self-renewal and differentiation offers an unlimited supply of highly specialized cells for therapeutic transplantation. Growth factors and serum are essential for maintaining the characteristics of stem cells in culture and for inducing differentiation. Because growth factors are produced mainly in bacterial (Escherichia coli) or animal cells, the use of such growth factors raises safety concerns that need to be resolved for the commercialization of stem cell therapeutics. To overcome this problem, studies on proteins produced in plants have been conducted. Here, we describe the functions of plant-derived fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and human serum albumin in the maintenance and differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Plant-derived FGF2 and human epidermal growth factor EGF were able to differentiate hiPSCs into neural stem cells (NSCs). These NSCs could differentiate into neuronal and glial cells. Our results imply that culturing stem cells in animal-free culture medium, which is composed of plant-derived proteins, would facilitate stem cell application research, for example, for cell therapy, by reducing contamination risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyeong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyKonkuk University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyKonkuk University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Seokbeom Ham
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyKonkuk University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dahee Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyKonkuk University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Minseong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyKonkuk University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Uiil Lee
- Xcell TherapeuticsSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Tae‐Ho Kwon
- Natural Bio‐Materials Inc.IksanRepublic of Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyKonkuk University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research, Institute of Medical ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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17
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Lee H, Shin E, Kang H, Youn H, Youn B. Soybean-Derived Peptides Attenuate Hyperlipidemia by Regulating Trans-Intestinal Cholesterol Excretion and Bile Acid Synthesis. Nutrients 2021; 14:95. [PMID: 35010970 PMCID: PMC8747086 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels cause hyperlipidemia. Despite the availability of statin-based drugs to reduce LDL levels, additional effective treatments for reducing blood lipid concentrations are required. Herein, soybean hydrolysate prepared via peptic and tryptic hydrolysis promoted trans-intestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) by increasing ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 5 (ABCG5) and ABCG8 expression. The peptide sequence capable of promoting TICE was determined via HPLC and LC-MS/MS. Based on this, pure artificial peptides were synthesized, and the efficacy of the selected peptides was verified using cellular and hyperlipidemic mouse models. Soybean hydrolysates, including two bioactive peptides (ALEPDHRVESEGGL and SLVNNDDRDSYRLQSGDAL), promoted TICE via the expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in enterocytes. They downregulated expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1) and CYP8B1 via expression of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) in a liver X receptor α (LXRa)-dependent pathway. Administration of bioactive peptides to hyperlipidemic mouse models by oral gavage reduced cholesterol levels in serum via upregulation of ABCG5 and ABCG8 expression in the proximal intestine and through fecal cholesterol excretion, upregulated FGF 15/19 expression, and suppressed hepatic bile acid synthesis. Oral administration of soybean-derived bioactive peptides elicited hypolipidemic effects by increasing TICE and decreasing hepatic cholesterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.L.); (E.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.L.); (E.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.L.); (E.S.); (H.K.)
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.L.); (E.S.); (H.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Aghdam MS, Ebrahimi A, Sheikh-Assadi M. Phytosulfokine α (PSKα) delays senescence and reinforces SUMO1/SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 signaling pathway in cut rose flowers (Rosa hybrida cv. Angelina). Sci Rep 2021; 11:23227. [PMID: 34853400 PMCID: PMC8636500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Roses are widely used as cut flowers worldwide. Petal senescence confines the decorative quality of cut rose flowers, an impressively considerable economic loss. Herein, we investigated the SUMO1/SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 signaling pathway during bud opening, and petal senescence of cut rose flowers. Our results exhibited that the higher expression of SUMO1 and SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 during bud opening was accompanied by lower endogenous H2O2 accumulation arising from higher expression and activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR, promoting proline accumulation by increasing P5CS expression and activity and enhancing GABA accumulation by increasing GAD expression and activity. In harvested flowers, lower expressions of SUMO1 and SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 during petal senescence were associated with higher endogenous H2O2 accumulation due to lower expression and activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR. Therefore, promoting the activity of the GABA shunt pathway as realized by higher expression and activities of GABA-T and SSADH accompanied by increasing OAT expression and activity for sufficiently supply proline in rose flowers during petal senescence might serve as an endogenous antisenescence mechanism for slowing down petals senescence by avoiding endogenous H2O2 accumulation. Following phytosulfokine α (PSKα) application, postponing petal senescence in cut rose flowers could be ascribed to higher expression of SUMO1 and SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 accompanied by higher expression and activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR, higher activity of GABA shunt pathway as realized by higher expression and activities of GAD, GABA-T, and SSADH, higher expression and activities of P5CS and OAT for supplying proline and higher expression of HSP70 and HSP90. Therefore, our results highlight the potential of the PSKα as a promising antisenescence signaling peptide in the floriculture industry for postponing senescence and extending the vase life of cut rose flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, 34148-96818, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Morteza Sheikh-Assadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Cai Z, Wang Z, Yue C, Sun A, Shen Y. Efficient expression and purification of soluble Harpin Ea protein by translation initiation region codon optimization. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 188:105970. [PMID: 34500070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HarpinEa protein can stimulate plants to produce defense responses to resist the attack of pathogens, improve plant immune resistance, and promote plant growth. This has extremely high application value in agriculture. To efficiently express soluble HarpinEa protein, in this study, we expressed HarpinEa protein with a 6× His-tag in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Because of the low level of expression of HarpinEa protein in E. coli, three rounds of synonymous codon optimization were performed on the +53 bp of the translation initiation region (TIR) of HarpinEa. Soluble HarpinEa protein after optimization accounted for 50.3% of the total soluble cellular protein expressed. After purification using a Ni Bestarose Fast Flow column, the purity of HarpinEa protein exceeded 95%, and the yield reached 227.5 mg/L of culture medium. The purified HarpinEa protein was sensitive to proteases and exhibited thermal stability. It triggered visible hypersensitive responses after being injected into tobacco leaves for 48 h. Plants treated with HarpinEa showed obvious growth-promoting and resistance-improving performance. Thus, the use of TIR synonymous codon optimization successfully achieved the economical, efficient, and soluble production of HarpinEa protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Shandong Shennong Ecological Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai Branch, Shanghai, 201114, China.
| | - Cheng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Aiyou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Zepeda-Peña AC, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Domínguez-Rosales JA, García-López PM, Pizano-Andrade JC, Hernández-Nazará ZH, Vargas-Guerrero B. Effect of Lupinus rotundiflorus gamma conglutin treatment on JNK1 gene expression and protein activation in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:374-380. [PMID: 33784492 PMCID: PMC8018548 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1893757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gamma conglutin (Cγ) from lupine species represents a potential complementary treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of its hypoglycaemic effect. However, its underlying mechanism of action is not fully known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether Cγ from Lupinus rotundiflorus M. E. Jones (Fabaceae) modulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) expression and activation in a T2DM rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gamma conglutin isolated from L. rotundiflorus seeds was characterized by SDS-PAGE. Fifteen Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced T2DM (HG) were randomized into three groups (n = 5): vehicle administration (HG-Ctrl), oral treatment with Cγ (120 mg/kg/day) (HG-Lr) for one week, and treatment with metformin (300 mg/kg/day) (HG-Met); a healthy group (Ctrl, n = 5) was included as control. The levels of glucose and biomarkers of renal and hepatic function were measured pre- and post-treatment. Hepatic Jnk1 expression and phosphorylation of JNK1 were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Oral treatment with either Cγ or metformin reduced serum glucose level to 86.30 and 74.80 mg/dL, respectively (p ˂ 0.05), from the basal levels. Jnk1 expression was 0.65- and 0.54-fold lower (p ˂ 0.05) in the HG-Lr and HG-Met groups, respectively, than in HG-Ctrl. Treatment with Cγ decreased JNK1 phosphorylation. However, Cγ did not change the levels of kidney and liver biomarkers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Treatment with Cγ from L. rotundiflorus inhibited Jnk1 expression, in vivo, suggesting JNK1 as a potential therapeutic target in diabetes and revealing one mechanism underlying the hypoglycaemic effect of lupine Cγ. Nevertheless, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Catalina Zepeda-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Carmen Magdalena Gurrola-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - José Alfredo Domínguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Pedro Macedonio García-López
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Juan Carlos Pizano-Andrade
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Zamira Helena Hernández-Nazará
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Belinda Vargas-Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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21
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Mustafa G, Mahrosh HS, Salman M, Sharif S, Jabeen R, Majeed T, Tahir H. Identification of Peptides as Novel Inhibitors to Target IFN- γ, IL-3, and TNF- α in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:1124055. [PMID: 34812407 PMCID: PMC8605925 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1124055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune disorder is a chronic immune imbalance which is developed through a series of pathways. The defect in B cells, T cells, and lack of self-tolerance has been greatly associated with the onset of many types of autoimmune complications including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. The SLE is an autoimmune disease with a common type of lupus that causes tissue and organ damage due to the wide spread of inflammation. In the current study, twenty anti-inflammatory peptides derived from plant and animal sources were docked as ligands or peptides counter to proinflammatory cytokines. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 3 (IL-3), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were targeted in this study as these are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE in many clinical studies. Two docking approaches (i.e., protein-ligand docking and peptide-protein docking) were employed in this study using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and HADDOCK web server, respectively. Amongst docked twenty peptides, the peptide DEDTQAMMPFR with S-score of -11.3018 and HADDOCK score of -10.3 ± 2.5 kcal/mol showed the best binding interactions and energy validation with active amino acids of IFN-γ protein in both docking approaches. Depending upon these results, this peptide could be used as a potential drug candidate to target IFN-γ, IL-3, and TNF-α proteins to control inflammatory events. Other peptides (i.e., QEPQESQQ and FRDEHKK) also revealed good binding affinity with IFN-γ with S-scores of -10.98 and -10.55, respectively. Similarly, the peptides KHDRGDEF, FRDEHKK, and QEPQESQQ showed best binding interactions with IL-3 with S-scores of -8.81, -8.64, and -8.17, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Salaha Mahrosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sharif
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raheela Jabeen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafsah Tahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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22
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Sexton CL, Smith MA, Smith KS, Osburn SC, Godwin JS, Ruple BA, Hendricks AM, Mobley CB, Goodlett MD, Frugé AD, Young KC, Roberts MD. Effects of Peanut Protein Supplementation on Resistance Training Adaptations in Younger Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113981. [PMID: 34836236 PMCID: PMC8621247 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein supplementation is a commonly employed strategy to enhance resistance training adaptations. However, little research to date has examined if peanut protein supplementation is effective in this regard. Thus, we sought to determine if peanut protein supplementation (PP; 75 total g/d of powder providing 30 g/d protein, >9.2 g/d essential amino acids, ~315 kcal/d) affected resistance training adaptations in college-aged adults. Forty-seven college-aged adults (n = 34 females, n = 13 males) with minimal prior training experience were randomly assigned to a PP group (n = 18 females, n = 5 males) or a non-supplement group (CTL; n = 16 females, n = 8 males) (ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration NCT04707963; registered 13 January 2021). Body composition and strength variables were obtained prior to the intervention (PRE). Participants then completed 10 weeks of full-body resistance training (twice weekly) and PP participants consumed their supplement daily. POST measures were obtained 72 h following the last training bout and were identical to PRE testing measures. Muscle biopsies were also obtained at PRE, 24 h following the first exercise bout, and at POST. The first two biopsy time points were used to determine myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates in response to a naïve training bout with or without PP, and the PRE and POST biopsies were used to determine muscle fiber adaptations in females only. Dependent variables were analyzed in males and females separately using two-way (supplement × time) repeated measures ANOVAs, unless otherwise stated. The 24-h integrated MyoPS response to the first naïve training bout was similar between PP and CTL participants (dependent samples t-test p = 0.759 for females, p = 0.912 for males). For males, the only significant supplement × time interactions were for DXA-derived fat mass (interaction p = 0.034) and knee extensor peak torque (interaction p = 0.010); these variables significantly increased in the CTL group (p < 0.05), but not the PP group. For females, no significant supplement × time interactions existed, although interactions for whole body lean tissue mass (p = 0.088) and vastus lateralis thickness (p = 0.099) approached significance and magnitude increases in these characteristics favored the PP versus CTL group. In summary, this is the second study to determine the effects of PP supplementation on resistance training adaptations. While PP supplementation did not significantly enhance training adaptations, the aforementioned trends in females, the limited n-size in males, and this being the second PP supplementation study warrant more research to determine if different PP dosing strategies are more effective than the current approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L. Sexton
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.L.S.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (J.S.G.); (B.A.R.); (A.M.H.); (C.B.M.); (K.C.Y.)
| | - Morgan A. Smith
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.L.S.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (J.S.G.); (B.A.R.); (A.M.H.); (C.B.M.); (K.C.Y.)
| | - Kristen S. Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.S.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Shelby C. Osburn
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.L.S.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (J.S.G.); (B.A.R.); (A.M.H.); (C.B.M.); (K.C.Y.)
| | - Joshua S. Godwin
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.L.S.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (J.S.G.); (B.A.R.); (A.M.H.); (C.B.M.); (K.C.Y.)
| | - Bradley A. Ruple
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.L.S.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (J.S.G.); (B.A.R.); (A.M.H.); (C.B.M.); (K.C.Y.)
| | - Alex M. Hendricks
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.L.S.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (J.S.G.); (B.A.R.); (A.M.H.); (C.B.M.); (K.C.Y.)
| | - Christopher B. Mobley
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.L.S.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (J.S.G.); (B.A.R.); (A.M.H.); (C.B.M.); (K.C.Y.)
| | - Michael D. Goodlett
- Athletics Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Andrew D. Frugé
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (K.S.S.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Kaelin C. Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.L.S.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (J.S.G.); (B.A.R.); (A.M.H.); (C.B.M.); (K.C.Y.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Michael D. Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.L.S.); (M.A.S.); (S.C.O.); (J.S.G.); (B.A.R.); (A.M.H.); (C.B.M.); (K.C.Y.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-334-844-1925; Fax: +1-334-944-1467
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Nawrot R, Warowicka A, Rudzki PJ, Musidlak O, Dolata KM, Musijowski J, Stolarczyk EU, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Combined Protein and Alkaloid Research of Chelidonium majus Latex Reveals CmMLP1 Accompanied by Alkaloids with Cytotoxic Potential to Human Cervical Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111838. [PMID: 34769268 PMCID: PMC8584587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelidonium majus L. is a latex-bearing plant used in traditional folk medicine to treat human papillomavirus (HPV)-caused warts, papillae, and condylomas. Its latex and extracts are rich in many low-molecular compounds and proteins, but there is little or no information on their potential interaction. We describe the isolation and identification of a novel major latex protein (CmMLP1) composed of 147 amino acids and present a model of its structure containing a conserved hydrophobic cavity with high affinity to berberine, 8-hydroxycheleritrine, and dihydroberberine. CmMLP1 and the accompanying three alkaloids were present in the eluted chromatographic fractions of latex. They decreased in vitro viability of human cervical cancer cells (HPV-negative and HPV-positive). We combined, for the first time, research on macromolecular and low-molecular-weight compounds of latex-bearing plants in contrast to other studies that investigated proteins and alkaloids separately. The observed interaction between latex protein and alkaloids may influence our knowledge on plant defense. The proposed toolbox may help in further understanding of plant disease resistance and in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nawrot
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-829-5931
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Józef Rudzki
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera Street 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.R.); (J.M.); (E.U.S.)
| | - Oskar Musidlak
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
| | - Katarzyna Magdalena Dolata
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
| | - Jacek Musijowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera Street 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.R.); (J.M.); (E.U.S.)
| | - Elżbieta Urszula Stolarczyk
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera Street 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.R.); (J.M.); (E.U.S.)
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
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Abstract
Appetite is closely regulated not only by gut hormonal and neuronal peptides but also by exogenous peptides derived from food proteins. Food proteins are now recognized to contain many thousands of bioactive compounds that provide additional health benefits beyond their nutritional effects. Bioactive peptides are beneficial to the life and/or to regulate physiological functions. Although animal protein products have been widely applied in the food industry, exploring the possibilities of developing functional foods based on plant protein-derived peptides is considered attractive for achieving sustainable development goals. In addition, peptides from plant proteins have the potential to treat numerous diseases or risk factors and may therefore facilitate a healthy life expectancy. In this review, we discuss the identified plant-based bioactive peptides and their appetite regulating effects. Plant-based bioactive peptides may provide new opportunities to discover novel approaches that can improve and prevent diseases in a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kaneko
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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25
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Khadanga B, Chanwala J, Sandeep IS, Dey N. Synthetic Promoters from Strawberry Vein Banding Virus (SVBV) and Dahlia Mosaic Virus (DaMV). Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:792-806. [PMID: 34037929 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed two intra-molecularly shuffled promoters, namely S100 and D100. The S100 recombinant promoter (621 bp) was generated by ligation of 250 bp long upstream activation sequence (UAS) of Strawberry vein banding virus (SV10UAS; - 352 to - 102 relative to TSS) with its 371 bp long TATA containing core promoter domain (SV10CP; - 352 to + 19). Likewise, 726 bp long D100 promoter was constructed by fusion of 170 bp long UAS of Dahlia mosaic virus (DaMV14UAS; - 203 to - 33) with its 556 bp long core promoter domain (DaMV4CP; - 474 to + 82). S100 and D100 promoters showed 1.8 and 2.2 times stronger activities than that of the CaMV35S promoter. The activity of the promoters is comparable to that of the CaMV35S2 promoter. Transcript analysis employing qRT-PCR and histochemical assays supported the above findings. Abscisic acid and salicylic acid induce the activity of the D100 promoter. Leaf protein obtained from Nicotiana tabacum plant expressing NSD2 gene (Nigella sativa L. defensin 2) driven by the D100 promoter showed antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and Phoma exigua var. exigua and antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Strong S100 and D100 promoters have potential to become efficient candidates for plant metabolic engineering and molecular pharming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinath Khadanga
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Jeky Chanwala
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - I Sriram Sandeep
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
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Abstract
Capsicum spp. (hot peppers) demonstrate a range of interesting bioactive properties spanning anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. While several species within the genus are known to produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), AMP sequence mining of genomic data indicates this space remains largely unexplored. Herein, in silico AMP predictions were paired with peptidomics to identify novel AMPs from the interspecific hybrid ghost pepper (Capsicum chinense × frutescens). AMP prediction algorithms revealed 115 putative AMPs within the Capsicum chinense genome, of which 14 were identified in the aerial tissue peptidome. PepSAVI-MS, de novo sequencing, and complementary approaches were used to fully molecularly characterize two novel AMPs, CC-AMP1 and CC-AMP2, including elucidation of a pyroglutamic acid post-translational modification of CC-AMP1 and disulfide bond connectivity of both. Both CC-AMP1 and CC-AMP2 have little homology with known AMPs and exhibited low μM antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli. These findings demonstrate the complementary nature of peptidomics, bioactivity-guided discovery, and bioinformatics-based investigations to characterize plant AMP profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Culver
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jessie L. Allen
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lindsey N. Shaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Leslie M. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Ding F, Bai Y, Cheng Q, Yu S, Cheng M, Wu Y, Zhang X, Liang X, Gu X. Bidentatide, a Novel Plant Peptide Derived from Achyranthes bidentata Blume: Isolation, Characterization, and Neuroprotection through Inhibition of NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157977. [PMID: 34360755 PMCID: PMC8348887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is being focused on the use of polypeptide-based N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for the treatment of nervous system disorders. In our study on Achyranthes bidentata Blume, we identified an NMDA receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) antagonist that exerts distinct neuroprotective actions. This antagonist is a 33 amino acid peptide, named bidentatide, which contains three disulfide bridges that form a cysteine knot motif. We determined the neuroactive potential of bidentatide by evaluating its in vitro effects against NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity. The results showed that pretreating primary cultured hippocampal neurons with bidentatide prevented NMDA-induced cell death and apoptosis via multiple mechanisms that involved intracellular Ca2+ inhibition, NMDA current inhibition, and apoptosis-related protein expression regulation. These mechanisms were all dependent on bidentatide-induced inhibitory regulation of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors; thus, bidentatide may contribute to the development of neuroprotective agents that would likely possess the high selectivity and safety profiles inherent in peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (F.D.); (Q.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qiong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (F.D.); (Q.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (F.D.); (Q.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Mengchun Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yulin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (Y.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, East Jinshui Road 156, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (Y.W.)
- Partner Group of Max Planck Society, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China; (Y.B.); (M.C.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (F.D.); (Q.C.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.L.); (X.G.)
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Ferreira BA, Toyama D, Henrique-Silva F, Araújo FDA. Recombinant sugarcane cystatin CaneCPI-5 down regulates inflammation and promotes angiogenesis and collagen deposition in a mouse subcutaneous sponge model. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107801. [PMID: 34162162 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cystatins are natural inhibitors of cysteine peptidases that are found practically in all living organisms. CaneCPI-5 is a sugarcane cystatin with inhibitory activity against human cathepsins B, K and L, which are cysteine proteases highly expressed in a variety of pathological conditions, usually marked by persistent inflammation and processing of the extracellular matrix. This work evaluated the effects of daily administration of the recombinant cystatin CaneCPI-5 [0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 μg in 10 μL of Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS)] on the inflammatory, angiogenic and fibrogenic components during chronic inflammatory response induced by subcutaneous sponge implants. The anti-inflammatory effect of treatment with CaneCPI-5 was confirmed by reduction of the levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, CXCL1 and CCL2/JE/MCP-1, as well as the activity of the myeloperoxidase and n-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Treatment with CaneCPI-5 promoted angiogenesis in the implants, increasing the production of cytokines VEGF and FGF and the formation of new blood vessels. Finally, the administration of the recombinant cystatin favored the production of the pro-fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1 and collagen deposition next to the implants. Together, these results show the potential therapeutic application of CaneCPI-5 as an anti-inflammatory agent, capable of favoring angiogenesis and fibrogenesis processes, necessary for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Antonio Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Bioquímica, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Toyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Assis Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Oliveira C, Valois MV, Ottaiano TF, Miranda A, Hansen D, Sampaio MU, Oliva MLV, de Abreu Maffei FH. The recombinant plant Bauhinia bauhinioides elastase inhibitor reduces rat thrombus without alterations in hemostatic parameters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13475. [PMID: 34188079 PMCID: PMC8241853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of the plant protease inhibitor BbCI (Bauhinia bauhinioides cruzipain inhibitor), which blocks elastase, cathepsin G, and L, and proteinase 3 has been demonstrated. Here, we investigated the recombinant rBbCI-His(6) (containing a histidine tail) in an experimental venous thrombosis model of vena cava (VC) ligature in rats, comparing to heparin. We evaluate the effects of the inhibitors (native or recombinant) or heparin on the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) in human and rat plasmas. The rats undergoing treatment received a saline solution or increasing concentrations of rBbCI-His(6), heparin, or a mixture of both. After 4 h of ligature VC, thrombus, if present was removed and weighed. aPTT, PT, and cytokines were measured in blood collected by cardiac puncture. aPTT, PT, and bleeding time (BT) were also measured at the time of VC (vena cava) ligature. rBbCI-His(6) (0.45 or 1.40 mg/kg) does not alter aPTT, PT or BT. No differences in coagulation parameters were detected in rBbCI-His(6) treated rats at the time of VC ligature or when the thrombus was removed. There was a significant decrease in the weight of thrombus in the animals of the groups treated with the rBbCI-His(6) (1.40 mg/kg), with the rBbCI-His(6) mixture (1.40 mg/kg) + heparin (50 IU/kg) and heparin (100 IU/kg) in relation to control group (saline). The growth-related oncogene/keratinocyte chemoattractant (GRO/KC) serum levels in rats treated with rBbCI-His(6) (1.40 mg/kg) or heparin (200 IU/kg) were reduced. In the experimental model used, rBbCI-His(6) alone had an antithrombotic effect, not altering blood clotting or bleeding time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Mayara Vioto Valois
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Fontes Ottaiano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Antonio Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Daiane Hansen
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Misako Uemura Sampaio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.
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Abstract
Plant AMPs are usually cysteine-rich, and can be classified in several classes, including lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). LTPs are small plant cationic peptides, and can be classified in two subclasses, LTP1 (9-10 kDa) and LTP2 (7 kDa). They have been identified and isolated from various plant species and can be involved in a number of processes, including responses against several phytopathogens. LTP1 presents 4 parallel α- helices and a 310-helix fragment. These structures form a tunnel with large and small entrances. LTP2 presents 3 parallel α- helices, which form a cavity with triangular structure. Both LTP subclasses present a hydrophobic cavity, which makes interaction with different lipids and general hydrophobic molecules possible. Several studies report a broad spectrum of activity of plant LTPs, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumoral, and insecticidal activity. Thus, these molecules can be employed in human and animal health as an alternative to the conventional treatment of disease, well as providing the source of novel drugs. However, employing peptides in human health can present challenges, such as the toxicity of peptides, the difference between the results found in in vitro assays and in pre-clinical or clinical tests and their low efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria. In this context, plant LTPs can be an interesting alternative means by which to bypass such challenges. This review addresses the versatility of plant LTPs, their broad spectrum of activities and their potential applications in human and animal health and in agricultural production, and examines challenges in their biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rocha Maximiano
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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Han Y, Taylor EB, Luthe D. Maize Endochitinase Expression in Response to Fall Armyworm Herbivory. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:689-706. [PMID: 34056671 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A large percentage of crop loss is due to insect damage, especially caterpillar damage. Plant chitinases are considered excellent candidates to combat these insects since they can degrade chitin in peritrophic matrix (PM), an important protective structure in caterpillar midgut. Compared to chemical insecticides, chitinases could improve host plant resistance and be both economically and environmentally advantageous. The focus of this research was to find chitinase candidates that could improve plant resistance by effectively limiting caterpillar damage. Five classes of endochitinase (I-V) genes were characterized in the maize genome, and we isolated and cloned four chitinase genes (chitinase A, chitinase B, chitinase I, and PRm3) present in two maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines Mp708 and Tx601, with different levels of resistance to caterpillar pests. We also investigated the expression of these maize chitinases in response to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW) attack. The results indicated that both chitinase transcript abundance and enzymatic activity increased in response to FAW feeding and mechanical wounding. Furthermore, chitinases retained activity inside the caterpillar midgut and enzymatic activity was detected in the food bolus and frass. When examined under scanning electron microscopy, PMs from Tx601-fed caterpillars showed structural damage when compared to diet controls. Analysis of chitinase transcript abundance after caterpillar feeding and proteomic analysis of maize leaf trichomes in the two inbreds implicated chitinase PRm3 found in Tx601 as a potential insecticidal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- The Pennsylvania State University, Plant Science, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Dawn Luthe
- The Pennsylvania State University, Plant Science, University Park, PA, USA.
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D’Hulst G, Masschelein E, De Bock K. Dampened Muscle mTORC1 Response Following Ingestion of High-Quality Plant-Based Protein and Insect Protein Compared to Whey. Nutrients 2021; 13:1396. [PMID: 33919313 PMCID: PMC8143359 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased amino acid availability acutely stimulates protein synthesis partially via activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Plant-and insect-based protein sources matched for total protein and/or leucine to animal proteins induce a lower postprandial rise in amino acids, but their effects on mTOR activation in muscle are unknown. C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with different protein solutions: whey, a pea-rice protein mix matched for total protein or leucine content to whey, worm protein matched for total protein, or saline. Blood was drawn 30, 60, 105 and 150 min after gavage and muscle samples were harvested 60 min and 150 min after gavage to measure key components of the mTORC1 pathway. Ingestion of plant-based proteins induced a lower rise in blood leucine compared to whey, which coincided with a dampened mTORC1 activation, both acutely and 150 min after administration. Matching total leucine content to whey did not rescue the reduced rise in plasma amino acids, nor the lower increase in mTORC1 compared to whey. Insect protein elicits a similar activation of downstream mTORC1 kinases as plant-based proteins, despite lower postprandial aminoacidemia. The mTORC1 response following ingestion of high-quality plant-based and insect proteins is dampened compared to whey in mouse skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gommaar D’Hulst
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.M.); (K.D.B.)
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Movement Biology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evi Masschelein
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.M.); (K.D.B.)
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.M.); (K.D.B.)
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Ibañez IL, Muñoz FF, Zoppi J, Abaurrea RA, Scandogliero EA, Durán H, Guevara MG. In vivo tumor growth inhibition by Solanum tuberosum aspartic protease 3 (StAP3) treatment. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:127959. [PMID: 33766772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solanum tuberosum aspartic Proteases (StAPs) show selective plasma membrane permeabilization, inducing cytotoxicity of cancer cells versus normal cells in vitro. Herein, we aimed to evaluate both StAP3 systemic toxicity and antitumoral activity against human melanoma in vivo. The toxicity of a single high dose of StAP3 (10 µg/g body weight, intraperitoneally) was assessed in a Balb/c mice model. Subcutaneous A375 human melanoma xenografts in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice were induced. Once tumors developed (mean larger dimension = 3.8 ± 0.09 mm), mice were StAP3-treated (6 µg/g body weight, subcutaneously under the tumor at a single dose). For both models, controls were treated with physiologic saline solution. StAP3-treated mice showed a significant inhibition of tumor growth (p < 0.05) compared with controls. No signs of toxicity were detected in StAP3-treated mice in both models. These results suggest the potential of these plant proteases as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L Ibañez
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Constituyentes Node, Av. General Paz 1499, (B1650KNA) San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando F Muñoz
- Biological Research Institute, National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (IIB-CONICET), Funes 3250 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; National University of Mar del Plata, School of Science, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Jorge Zoppi
- Hospital of Community. Laboratory of Pathology B7602CMB Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ricardo A Abaurrea
- Laboratory of Clinical and Bacteriological Analysis (BAS), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Scandogliero
- Laboratory of Clinical and Bacteriological Analysis (BAS), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Hebe Durán
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Constituyentes Node, Av. General Paz 1499, (B1650KNA) San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Gabriela Guevara
- Biological Research Institute, National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (IIB-CONICET), Funes 3250 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina; National University of Mar del Plata, School of Science, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Liu L, Zheng J, Zhou M, Li S, He G, Wu J. Peptide Analogues of VPP and IPP with Improved Glucose Uptake Activity in L6 Myotubes can be Released from Cereal Proteins. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:2875-2883. [PMID: 33645989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
VPP (Val-Pro-Pro) and IPP (Ile-Pro-Pro) are two famous antihypertensive peptides with possible benefits for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study was aimed to investigate the effect of peptide analogues of VPP and IPP on glucose uptake activity in L6 myotubes. The analogues were designed by replacing the N-terminal, middle, or C-terminal amino acid residues of VPP and IPP with one amino acid at a time from five amino acid groups (polar, nonpolar, basic, acidic, and aromatic amino acids). Among 26 tripeptides tested, IQP, IPQ, VPE, and VEP showed significantly higher glucose uptake activity than their parent peptides, and all were successfully released from rice proteins at the contents of 5415.82 ± 63.34, 1586.77 ± 14.94, 354.07 ± 6.56, and 596.10 ± 2.32 ng/mg dry basis, respectively, and quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS using multiple reaction monitoring. All four peptides were shown to promote glucose uptake via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway accompanied by glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) translocation rather than the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiexia Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengjie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guoqing He
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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Savadogo EH, Shiomi Y, Yasuda J, Akino T, Yamaguchi M, Yoshida H, Umegawachi T, Tanaka R, Suong DNA, Miura K, Yazaki K, Kitajima S. Gene expression of PLAT and ATS3 proteins increases plant resistance to insects. Planta 2021; 253:37. [PMID: 33464406 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genes of the PLAT protein family, including PLAT and ATS3 subfamilies of higher plants and homologs of liverwort, are involved in plant defense against insects. Laticifer cells in plants contain large amounts of anti-microbe or anti-insect proteins and are involved in plant defense against biotic stresses. We previously found that PLAT proteins accumulate in laticifers of fig tree (Ficus carica) at comparable levels to those of chitinases, and the transcript level of ATS3, another PLAT domain-containing protein, is highest in the transcriptome of laticifers of Euphorbia tirucalli. In this study, we investigated whether the PLAT domain-containing proteins are involved in defense against insects. Larvae of the lepidopteran Spodoptera litura showed retarded growth when fed with Nicotiana benthamiana leaves expressing F. carica PLAT or E. tirucalli ATS3 genes, introduced by agroinfiltration using expression vector pBYR2HS. Transcriptome analysis of these leaves indicated that ethylene and jasmonate signaling were activated, leading to increased expression of genes for PR-1, β-1,3-glucanase, PR5 and trypsin inhibitors, suggesting an indirect mechanism of PLAT- and ATS3-induced resistance in the host plant. Direct cytotoxicity of PLAT and ATS3 to insects was also possible because heterologous expression of the corresponding genes in Drosophila melanogaster caused apoptosis-mediated cell death in this insect. Larval growth retardation of S. litura occurred when they were fed radish sprouts, a good host for agroinfiltration, expressing any of nine homologous genes of dicotyledon Arabidopsis thaliana, monocotyledon Brachypodium distachyon, conifer Picea sitchensis and liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Of these nine genes, the heterologous expression of A. thaliana AT5G62200 and AT5G62210 caused significant increases in larval death. These results indicated that the PLAT protein family has largely conserved anti-insect activity in the plant kingdom (249 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hyrmeya Savadogo
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yui Shiomi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Junko Yasuda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Akino
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takanari Umegawachi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Dang Ngoc Anh Suong
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sakihito Kitajima
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
- The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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36
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Tavares LS, Ralph MT, Batista JEC, Sales AC, Ferreira LCA, Usman UA, da Silva Júnior VA, Ramos MV, Lima-Filho JV. Perspectives for the use of latex peptidases from Calotropis procera for control of inflammation derived from Salmonella infections. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:37-43. [PMID: 33418044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed to latex proteins of the medicinal plant Calotropis procera. PURPOSE A mixture of cysteine peptidases (LPp2) from C. procera latex was investigated for control of inflammatory mediators and inflammation in a mouse model of Salmonella infection. METHODS LPp2 peptidase activity was confirmed by the BANA assay. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted with immortalized macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages (pMØ) from Swiss mice were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 96-well plates and then cultured with nontoxic concentrations of LPp2. Swiss mice intravenously received LPp2 (10 mg/kg) and then were challenged intraperitoneally with virulent Salmonella enterica Ser. Typhimurium. RESULTS LPp2 was not toxic at dosages lower than 62.2 μg/mL. LPp2 treatments of pMØ stimulated with LPS impaired mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. LPp2 increased the intracellular bacterial killing in infected pMØ. Mice given LPp2 had a lower number of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity in comparison to control groups 6 h after infection. The bacterial burden and histological damage were widespread in target organs of mice receiving LPp2. CONCLUSION We conclude that LPp2 contains peptidases with strong anti-inflammatory properties, which may render mice more susceptible to early disseminated infection caused by Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Taciana Ralph
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clarissa Sales
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Usman Abdulhadi Usman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Viana Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Guzmán TJ, Martínez-Ayala AL, García-López PM, Soto-Luna IC, Gurrola-Díaz CM. Effect of the acute and chronic administration of Lupinus albus β-conglutin on glycaemia, circulating cholesterol, and genes potentially involved. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110969. [PMID: 33166762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Constituents of lupin seeds, like γ-conglutin and lupanine, have gained attention as potential complementary treatments for dysglycaemia management. Notwithstanding, the effect of other lupin components on carbohydrate metabolism, including β-conglutin protein, has received little attention. Here, we investigated the influence of the acute and chronic administration of β-conglutin on glycaemia modulation in normal and streptozotocin induced-to-diabetes rats. We analysed the liver transcriptome modulation exerted by β-conglutin in diabetes-induced rats using DNA microarrays to scout for potential molecular targets and pathways involved in this biological response. The acute administration of β-conglutin reduced the incremental area under the curve of glycaemia in normal and diabetes-induced animals. In a seven-day study with diabetic animals, glycaemia increased significantly in non-treated animals but remained unchanged in animals treated with a daily dose of β-conglutin. Total cholesterol was significantly lower at the end of the experimental period (-21.8 %, p = 0.039). The microarray and gene ontology analyses revealed several targets and pathways potentially modulated by β-conglutin treatment, including a possible down-regulation of Jun kinase activity. Moreover, our data indicate that targets related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and estrogenic activity might orchestrate these metabolic effects. In conclusion, our findings show that β-conglutin may help manage postprandial glycaemia and reduce cholesterol levels under the dysglycaemia stage. We identified and proposed new potential molecular targets for further research related to the mechanism of action of β-conglutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereso J Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Alma L Martínez-Ayala
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Yautepec, Morelos, México.
| | - Pedro M García-López
- Laboratorio de Productos Bióticos, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara. Zapopan, Jalisco, México.
| | - Irma C Soto-Luna
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Carmen M Gurrola-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Urs AP, Manjuprasanna VN, Rudresha GV, Hiremath V, Sharanappa P, Rajaiah R, Vishwanath BS. Thrombin-like serine protease, antiquorin from Euphorbia antiquorum latex induces platelet aggregation via PAR1-Akt/p38 signaling axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2020; 1868:118925. [PMID: 33333088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant latex proteases (PLPs) are pharmacologically essential and are integral components of traditional medicine in the management of bleeding wounds. PLPs are known to promote blood coagulation and stop bleeding by interfering at various stages of hemostasis. There are a handful of scientific reports on thrombin-like enzymes characterized from plant latices. However, the role of plant latex thrombin-like enzymes in platelet aggregation is not well known. In the present study, we attempted to purify and characterize thrombin-like protease responsible for platelet aggregation. Among tested plant latices, Euphorbia genus latex protease fractions (LPFs) induced platelet aggregation. In Euphorbia genus, E. antiquorum LPF (EaLPF) strongly induced platelet aggregation and attenuated bleeding in mice. The purified thrombin-like serine protease, antiquorin (Aqn) is a glycoprotein with platelet aggregating activities that interfere in intrinsic and common pathways of blood coagulation cascade and alleviates bleeding and enhanced excision wound healing in mice. In continuation, the pharmacological inhibitor of PAR1 inhibited Aqn-induced phosphorylation of cPLA2, Akt, and P38 in human platelets. Moreover, Aqn-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by pharmacological inhibitors of PAR1, PI3K, and P38. These data indicate that PAR1-Akt/P38 signaling pathways are involved in Aqn-induced platelet aggregation. The findings of the present study may open up a new avenue for exploiting Aqn in the treatment of bleeding wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amog P Urs
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Gotravalli V Rudresha
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vilas Hiremath
- Vijayashree Diagnostics, Specialized Coagulation Lab, Bengaluru, India
| | - P Sharanappa
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Hassan, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Rajaiah
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bannikuppe S Vishwanath
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India; Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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Ku YS, Cheng SS, Gerhardt A, Cheung MY, Contador CA, Poon LYW, Lam HM. Secretory Peptides as Bullets: Effector Peptides from Pathogens against Antimicrobial Peptides from Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9294. [PMID: 33291499 PMCID: PMC7730307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is an important crop as both human food and animal feed. However, the yield of soybean is heavily impacted by biotic stresses including insect attack and pathogen infection. Insect bites usually make the plants vulnerable to pathogen infection, which causes diseases. Fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are major soybean pathogens. The infection by pathogens and the defenses mounted by soybean are an interactive and dynamic process. Using fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria as examples, we will discuss the recognition of pathogens by soybean at the molecular level. In this review, we will discuss both the secretory peptides for soybean plant infection and those for pathogen inhibition. Pathogenic secretory peptides and peptides secreted by soybean and its associated microbes will be included. We will also explore the possible use of externally applied antimicrobial peptides identical to those secreted by soybean and its associated microbes as biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| | - Sau-Shan Cheng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| | - Aisha Gerhardt
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ming-Yan Cheung
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| | - Carolina A. Contador
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| | - Lok-Yiu Winnie Poon
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
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Ma N, Du H, Ma G, Yang W, Han Y, Hu Q, Xiao H. Characterization of the Immunomodulatory Mechanism of a Pleurotus eryngii Protein by Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation Proteomics. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:13189-13199. [PMID: 32227945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PEP 1b is a novel immunoregulatory protein isolated from Pleurotus eryngii, a popular edible mushroom. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterize the PEP-1b-induced proteome alterations in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells, to comprehensively excavate the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunoregulatory effects of PEP 1b. In comparison to the control group, PEP 1b treatment significantly changed the expression of 292 proteins, including 191 upregulated and 101 downregulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PEP-1b-regulated proteins were involved in 437 biological process domains, 131 cellular component domains, and 90 molecular function domains. Moreover, PEP 1b played the role of immunomodulator by mainly modulating the Rap1 signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Interestingly, PEP 1b regulated the proteins involved in the immune system, signal transduction, and transport processes, which were related to the immunoregulatory effects of PEP 1b. The western blotting analysis confirmed that the immune-boosting activities of PEP 1b were associated with modulating the expression of Sqstm1, Cox2, Rap1b, and Pyk2. The current research provided a comprehensive understanding of the immunoregulatory effects and molecular mechanisms involved in the PEP 1b supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengjun Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Chow-Shi-Yée M, Grondin M, Ouellet F, Averill-Bates DA. Control of stress-induced apoptosis by freezing tolerance-associated wheat proteins during cryopreservation of rat hepatocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:869-886. [PMID: 32529603 PMCID: PMC7591654 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is used for long-term storage of cells and tissues. Cryoprotectants such as dimethyl disulfoxide (DMSO) are used to protect cells against freeze-thaw damage. Despite the use of cryoprotectants, hepatocytes are sensitive to stresses imposed by freeze and thaw processes, which cause physical damage, loss of functionality, or cell death. As an alternative, we have developed new technology using several recombinant wheat proteins as cryoprotectants: TaENO (enolase), TaBAS1 (2-Cys peroxiredoxin), and a combination of WCS120 (dehydrin) with TaIRI-2 (inhibitor of ice recrystallization). This study aims to understand the mechanisms by which these plant proteins protect rat hepatocytes against cell death incurred during cryopreservation. Our analysis revealed that for cells cryopreserved with DMSO, cell death occurred by apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis was detected by activation of effector caspases-3 and -7, PARP cleavage, and nuclear chromatin condensation. These apoptotic events were inhibited when hepatocytes were cryopreserved with the different plant proteins. Cryopreservation with DMSO activated apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway: the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio increased, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, and initiator caspase-9 was activated. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum pathway of apoptosis was activated: levels of the chaperone Bip/GRP78 decreased, pro-apoptotic transcription factor CHOP was induced, and initiator caspase-12 was activated. Activation of the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum pathways of apoptosis was attenuated when hepatocytes were cryopreserved with the different recombinant proteins. This study improves understanding of mechanisms of cryoprotection provided by these plant proteins during freezing stress. These proteins are natural products and show promising potential by decreasing cell death during cryopreservation of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Chow-Shi-Yée
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Melanie Grondin
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Francois Ouellet
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Diana A Averill-Bates
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Matsugishi A, Aoki-Nonaka Y, Yokoji-Takeuchi M, Yamada-Hara M, Mikami Y, Hayatsu M, Terao Y, Domon H, Taniguchi M, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K, Tabeta K. Rice peptide with amino acid substitution inhibits biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104956. [PMID: 33157493 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rice peptide has antibacterial properties that have been tested in planktonic bacterial culture. However, bacteria form biofilm at disease sites and are resistant to antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of action of rice peptide and its amino acid substitution against periodontopathic bacteria and their antibiofilm effects. DESIGN Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were treated with AmyI-1-18 rice peptide or its arginine-substituted analog, G12R, under anaerobic conditions. The amount of biofilm was evaluated by crystal violet staining. The integrity of the bacteria cytoplasmic membrane was studied in a propidium iodide (PI) stain assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Both AmyI-1-18 and G12R inhibited biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum; in particular, G12R inhibited F. nucleatum at lower concentrations. However, neither peptide eradicated established biofilms significantly. According to the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration against P. gingivalis, AmyI-1-18 has bacteriostatic properties and G12R has bactericidal activity, and both peptides showed bactericidal activity against F. nucleatum. PI staining and TEM analysis indicated that membrane disruption by G12R was enhanced, which suggests that the replacement amino acid reinforced the electostatic interaction between the peptide and bacteria by increase of cationic charge and α-helix content. CONCLUSIONS Rice peptide inhibited biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, and bactericidal activity via membrane destruction was enhanced by amino acid substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Matsugishi
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan; Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yukari Aoki-Nonaka
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Mai Yokoji-Takeuchi
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Miki Yamada-Hara
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Mikami
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachi-dori 1, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-9510, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayatsu
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachi-dori 1, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-9510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masayuki Taniguchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
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Charova SN, Dölfors F, Holmquist L, Moschou PN, Dixelius C, Tzelepis G. The RsRlpA Effector Is a Protease Inhibitor Promoting Rhizoctonia solani Virulence through Suppression of the Hypersensitive Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218070. [PMID: 33138028 PMCID: PMC7662947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani (Rs) is a soil-borne pathogen with a broad host range. This pathogen incites a wide range of disease symptoms. Knowledge regarding its infection process is fragmented, a typical feature for basidiomycetes. In this study, we aimed at identifying potential fungal effectors and their function. From a group of 11 predicted single gene effectors, a rare lipoprotein A (RsRlpA), from a strain attacking sugar beet was analyzed. The RsRlpA gene was highly induced upon early-stage infection of sugar beet seedlings, and heterologous expression in Cercospora beticola demonstrated involvement in virulence. It was also able to suppress the hypersensitive response (HR) induced by the Avr4/Cf4 complex in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants and functioned as an active protease inhibitor able to suppress Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) burst. This effector contains a double-psi beta-barrel (DPBB) fold domain, and a conserved serine at position 120 in the DPBB fold domain was found to be crucial for HR suppression. Overall, R. solani seems to be capable of inducing an initial biotrophic stage upon infection, suppressing basal immune responses, followed by a switch to necrotrophic growth. However, regulatory mechanisms between the different lifestyles are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula N. Charova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Foundation of Research and Technology-HELLAS, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (S.N.C.); (P.N.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, P.O. Box 2208, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Fredrik Dölfors
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7080, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Louise Holmquist
- MariboHilleshög Research AB, Säbyholmsvägen 24, S-26191 Landskrona, Sweden;
| | - Panagiotis N. Moschou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Foundation of Research and Technology-HELLAS, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (S.N.C.); (P.N.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, P.O. Box 2208, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7080, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Christina Dixelius
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, P.O. Box 7080, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Georgios Tzelepis
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Box 7026, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-18-67181503
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Sun X, Zhang S, Udenigwe CC, Ren J, Li S, Wang H, Liu X. Wheat Germ-Derived Peptides Exert Antiadhesive Activity against Helicobacter pylori: Insights into Structural Characteristics of Identified Peptides. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:11954-11974. [PMID: 32907328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 50-80% of the world population are infected with H. pylori, which is categorized as a class I carcinogen. Antiadhesive therapy is emerging as a promising alternative to antibiotics against bacterial infection. This study demonstrated that defatted wheat germ protein hydrolysates (DWGPH) effectively inhibited H. pylori adhesion to gastric epithelial cells. DWGPH prepared by pronase possessed the best activity where its inhibitory percentage at 10 mg/mL was 51.7 ± 6.8% and the minimum antiadhesive concentration was 0.31 mg/mL. The antiadhesive activity is attributable to peptides acting as receptor analogs in binding to H. pylori. Peptides with potential H. pylori-binding ability (n = 267) were identified, and their structural characteristics were comprehensively analyzed, including net charge, Boman index, instability index, aliphatic index, molecular weight, isoelectric point, hydrophobicity, and Hmoment (α-helix and β-sheet). This work provided an array of peptide sequences for further exploration as putative ligands of H. pylori adhesins and for elucidating molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Songyuan Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Chibuike C Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jian Ren
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
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Manjuprasanna VN, Rudresha GV, Urs AP, Milan Gowda MD, Rajaiah R, Vishwanath BS. Drupin, a cysteine protease from Ficus drupacea latex accelerates excision wound healing in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:691-700. [PMID: 33010277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a tightly regulated physiological process that restores tissue integrity after injury. Plant latex proteases (PLPs) are considered an integral part in herbal wound care as it interferes at different phases of the wound healing process. Although many studies have reported the involvement of PLPs in healing process, an in-depth investigation is required to understand the molecular mechanism. Hence, the effect of PLPs with fibrinolytic activity on wound healing was investigated systematically using mouse excision wound model. Among 29 latices from Ficus genus tested, Ficus drupacea exhibited potent fibrinolytic activity. Cysteine protease responsible for fibrinolysis was purified from the F. drupacea latex named it as drupin, tested for its wound healing efficacy. The accelerated wound healing was mediated by downregulation of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 without altering MMP-8 expression. Besides, drupin enhanced the rate of collagen synthesis at the wound site by increasing arginase 1 activity. And also, drupin increased the expression of arginase 1 in macrophages and involved in cell proliferation, and migration via MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt pathways. Overall, the present study highlights the interference of drupin in wound healing by increased arginase 1 activity and collagen synthesis, and cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gotravalli V Rudresha
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amog P Urs
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rajesh Rajaiah
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bannikuppe S Vishwanath
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India; Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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Chang CY, Jin JD, Chang HL, Huang KC, Chiang YF, Hsia SM. Physicochemical and Antioxidative Characteristics of Potato Protein Isolate Hydrolysate. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194450. [PMID: 32998236 PMCID: PMC7583958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of potato protein isolate hydrolysate (PPIH) and its antioxidant activity. Potato protein isolate (PPI) was hydrolyzed into PPIH by the proteases bromelain, Neutrase, and Flavourzyme. Compared with PPI, the resulting PPIH had a lower molecular weight (MW, from 103.5 to 422.7 Da) and smaller particle size (<50 nm), as well as a higher solubility rate (>70%) under acidic conditions (pH 3–6). PPIH presented good solubility (73%) across the tested pH range of 3–6. As the pH was increased, the zeta potential of PPIH decreased from −7.4 to −21.6. Using the 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging assay, we determined that the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of ascorbic acid, PPIH, and PPI were 0.01, 0.89, and >2.33 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, PPIH (50 μg/mL) protected C2C12 cells from H2O2 oxidation significantly better than PPI (10.5% higher viability rate; p < 0.01). These findings demonstrated the possible use of PPIH as an antioxidant in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Yueh Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Jinn-Der Jin
- GeneFerm Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tainan 741, Taiwan; (J.-D.J.); (H.-L.C.)
| | - Hsiao-Li Chang
- GeneFerm Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tainan 741, Taiwan; (J.-D.J.); (H.-L.C.)
| | - Ko-Chieh Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Food and Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661
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Peng L, Kong X, Wang Z, Ai-Lati A, Ji Z, Mao J. Baijiu vinasse as a new source of bioactive peptides with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Food Chem 2020; 339:128159. [PMID: 33152898 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During production in Chinese baijiu fermentation process, huge amounts of the by-product vinasse are generated and generally utilized as low-value animal feed. We applied alkaline extraction in combination with ultrasonication to recover vinasse proteins, which were then hydrolyzed by complex protease Corolase PP for 8 h to obtain peptide fractions (VPH-1, -2, -3) displaying high DPPH radical scavenging activity. VPH-3 (<3 kDa) separated by ultrafiltration had EC50 values lower than those of VPH-1 and -2 for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) radicals, and significantly inhibited production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Active peptides and their amino acid sequences were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis, and five synthesized peptides (particularly KLPDHPKLPK and VDVPVKVPYS) displayed strong anti-inflammatory activity at concentration 0.25 mg/mL. These findings will be useful in future commercial development of baijiu vinasse, including application as a new source of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | | | - Zongmin Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zi'bo 255049, China
| | - Aisikaer Ai-Lati
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhongwei Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Ashouri S, Farshbaf Pourabad R. Regulation of gene expression encoding the digestive α-amylase in the larvae of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in response to plant protein extracts. Gene 2020; 766:145159. [PMID: 32971186 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Considering the relevance of insect α-amylases and natural α-amylase inhibitors present in plants to protect against insect damage, we investigated the effect of white bean and rapeseed protein extracts on digestive α-amylase gene expression of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). For this purpose, in vitro and in vivo trials were performed to determine the inhibitory activity of seed proteins on the third and fourth instar larvae. In both trials, the significant inhibitory effect of each extracts on the third and fourth instar larval α-amylase activity and considerable mortality in treatments were observed compared to control trials. In the RT-qPCR, expression ratio demonstrated that the α-amylase gene of two different larval stages grown on both proteins treated leaves had significantly differentiated expression and was up-regulated in third instar larvae and down-regulated in fourth instar larvae compared to control. Results suggest that the hyper-production of α-amylase in third instar larvae is elicited to compensate for the enzyme activity inhibition at an earlier stage and also down-regulation suggests the existence of a negative feedback of plant proteins on the last instar larvae via impaired food intake and digestive α-amylase activity in Colorado potato beetle. Therefore, disruption of the insect's digestive physiology by plant defensive proteins can be considered in the development of innovative controlling methods of this crucial potato pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Ashouri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Farshbaf Pourabad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Ashraf J, Liu L, Awais M, Xiao T, Wang L, Zhou X, Tong LT, Zhou S. Effect of thermosonication pre-treatment on mung bean (Vigna radiata) and white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) proteins: Enzymatic hydrolysis, cholesterol lowering activity and structural characterization. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 66:105121. [PMID: 32272330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein hydrolysates have attained great attention due to a good nutritive food ingredient and higher biological activities. In this study, thermosonication, ultrasound and heat were used as a pre-treatment to obtain (<3KDa) hydrolysate from mung bean and white kidney bean to understand the mechanism of cholesterol absorption into micelle and inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA) activity. Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) results of mung bean showed that the concentration of peptides (0.5KDa-1KDa and 1-3KDa) in the hydrolysate were significantly (p < 0.05) increased after thermosonication while, the peptides concentration (1-3KDa) in white kidney bean was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Thermosonication of mung bean hydrolysate exhibited higher inhibition of cholesterol solubilization, hydrophobicity and antioxidant activities. In addition, there was no difference observed in HMG-CoA activity and hydrophobicity between ultrasound alone and ultrasound combined with heat i.e. thermosonication treated hydrolysate of white kidney bean. Changes in secondary and tertiary structures were also analyzed under different processing conditions with maximum change due to thermosonication. Results indicated that mung bean hydrolysate had a great potential for inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and its solubility in the micelle, antioxidant activity and also convinced for its application in food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ashraf
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianzhen Xiao
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li-Tao Tong
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Sumei Zhou
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
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Offenbacher AR, Holman TR. Fatty Acid Allosteric Regulation of C-H Activation in Plant and Animal Lipoxygenases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153374. [PMID: 32722330 PMCID: PMC7436259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) catalyze the (per) oxidation of fatty acids that serve as important mediators for cell signaling and inflammation. These reactions are initiated by a C-H activation step that is allosterically regulated in plant and animal enzymes. LOXs from higher eukaryotes are equipped with an N-terminal PLAT (Polycystin-1, Lipoxygenase, Alpha-Toxin) domain that has been implicated to bind to small molecule allosteric effectors, which in turn modulate substrate specificity and the rate-limiting steps of catalysis. Herein, the kinetic and structural evidence that describes the allosteric regulation of plant and animal lipoxygenase chemistry by fatty acids and their derivatives are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Offenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Theodore R. Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
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