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Noh JS, Hwang SH, Maung CEH, Cho JY, Kim KY. Enhanced control efficacy of Bacillus subtilis NM4 via integration of chlorothalonil on potato early blight caused by Alternaria solani. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106604. [PMID: 38490458 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Early blight caused by Alternaria solani is a common foliar disease of potato around the world, and serious infections result in reduced yields and marketability due to infected tubers. The major aim of this study is to figure out the synergistic effect between microorganism and fungicides and to evaluate the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis NM4 in the control of early blight in potato. Based on its colonial morphology and a 16S rRNA analysis, a bacterial antagonist isolated from kimchi was identified as B. subtilis NM4 and it has strong antifungal and anti-oomycete activity against several phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The culture filtrate of strain NM4 with the fungicide effectively suppressed the mycelial growth of A. solani, with the highest growth inhibition rate of 83.48%. Although exposure to culture filtrate prompted hyphal alterations in A. solani, including bulging, combining it with the fungicide caused more severe hyphal damage with continuous bulging. Surfactins and fengycins, two lipopeptide groups, were isolated and identified as the main compounds in two fractions using LC-ESI-MS. Although the surfactin-containing fraction failed to inhibit growth, the fengycin-containing fraction, alone and in combination with chlorothalonil, restricted mycelial development, producing severe hyphal deformations with formation of chlamydospores. A pot experiment combining strain NM4, applied as a broth culture, with fungicide, at half the recommended concentration, resulted in a significant reduction in potato early blight severity. Our results indicate the feasibility of an integrated approach for the management of early blight in potato that can reduce fungicide application rates, promoting a healthy ecosystem in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su Noh
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaw Ei Htwe Maung
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kil Yong Kim
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Kim MY, Han JW, Dang QL, Kim JC, Kim H, Choi GJ. Characterization of Alternaria porri causing onion purple blotch and its antifungal compound magnolol identified from Caryodaphnopsis baviensis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262836. [PMID: 35051224 PMCID: PMC8775252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria porri (Ellis) Clf. causes purple blotch disease on Allium plants which results in the reduction of crop yields and quality. In this study, to efficiently find natural antifungal compounds against A. porri, we optimized the culture condition for the spore production of A. porri and the disease development condition for an in vivo antifungal assay. From tested plant materials, the methanol extracts derived from ten plant species belonging to the families Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apocynaceae, Lauraceae, and Melastomataceae were selected as potent antifungal agents against A. porri. In particular, the methanol extract of Caryodaphnopsis baviensis (Lec.) A.-Shaw completely inhibited the growth of A. porri at a concentration of 111 μg/ml. Based on chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses, a neolignan compound magnolol was identified as the antifungal compound of the C. baviensis methanol extract. Magnolol showed a significant inhibitory activity against the spore germination and mycelial growth of A. porri with IC50 values of 4.5 and 5.4 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, when magnolol was sprayed onto onion plants at a concentration of 500 μg/ml, it showed more than an 80% disease control efficacy for the purple blotch diseases. In terms of the antifungal mechanism of magnolol, we explored the in vitro inhibitory activity on individual oxidative phosphorylation complexes I–V, and the results showed that magnolol acts as multiple inhibitors of complexes I–V. Taken together, our results provide new insight into the potential of magnolol as an active ingredient with antifungal inhibitory action to control purple blotch on onions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Han
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Quang Le Dang
- Research and Development Center of Bioactive Compounds, Vietnam Institute of Industrial Chemistry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (HK); (GJC)
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (HK); (GJC)
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Liu Z, Sun Z, Zeng C, Dong X, Li M, Liu Z, Yan M. The elemental defense effect of cadmium on Alternaria brassicicola in Brassica juncea. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 34986803 PMCID: PMC8729108 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elemental defense hypothesis states a new defensive strategy that hyperaccumulators defense against herbivores or pathogens attacks by accumulating heavy metals. Brassica juncea has an excellent ability of cadmium (Cd) accumulation. However, the elemental defense effect and its regulation mechanism in B. juncea remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, we profiled the elemental defense effect and the molecular regulatory mechanism in Cd-accumulated B. juncea after Alternaria brassicicola infection. B. juncea treated with 180 mg Kg- 1 DW CdCl2 2.5H2O exhibited obvious elemental defense effect after 72 h of infection with A. brassicicola. The expression of some defense-related genes including BjNPR1, BjPR12, BjPR2, and stress-related miRNAs (miR156, miR397, miR398a, miR398b/c, miR408, miR395a, miR395b, miR396a, and miR396b) were remarkably elevated during elemental defense in B. juncea. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that Cd-accumulated B. juncea may defend against pathogens by coordinating salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) mediated systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and elemental defense in a synergistic joint effect. Furthermore, the expression of miRNAs related to heavy metal stress response and disease resistance may regulate the balance between pathogen defense and heavy metal stress-responsive in B. juncea. The findings provide experimental evidence for the elemental defense hypothesis in plants from the perspectives of phytohormones, defense-related genes, and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Zhenzhen Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Chaozhen Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xujie Dong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Mei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Mingli Yan
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
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Zhi XY, Song LL, Liang J, Wei SQ, Li Y, Zhang Y, Hao XJ, Cao H, Yang C. Synthesis and in vitro antifungal activity of new Michael-type amino derivatives of xanthatin, a natural sesquiterpene lactone from Xanthium strumarium L. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 55:128481. [PMID: 34852242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structural optimization using plant secondary metabolites as templates is one of the important approach to discover pesticide molecules with novel skeletons. Xanthatin, a natural sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the Xanthium plants (Family: Compositae), exhibits important biological properties. In this work, a series of Michael-type amino derivatives were prepared from xanthatin and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS, and their antifungal activities against several phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated according to the spore germination method and mycelium growth rate method in vitro. The results illustrated that compounds 2g (IC50 = 78.91 µg/mL) and 2o (IC50 = 64.51 µg/mL) exhibited more promising inhibition activity against spores of F. solani than precursor xanthatin, compounds 2g, 2l, and 2r exhibited remarkable antifungal effect on C. mandshurica with the average inhibition rates (AIRs) >90%, whereas the AIR of xanthatin was only 59.34%. Meanwhile, the preliminary structure-activity relationships suggested that the amino containing 2-methoxyethyl or 4-chlorophenylmethyl group appended in the C-13 position of xanthatin could yield potential compounds against fungal spores, and the exocyclic double bond of xanthatin is essential to maintain its mycelial growth inhibitory activity. Therefore, the aforementioned findings indicate that partial xanthatin amino-derivatives could be considered for further exploration as the potential lead structures toward development of the new environmentally friendly fungicidal candidates for sustainable crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhi
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Li-Li Song
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Si-Qi Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Chun Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, PR China.
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Castrosanto MA, Alvarez MR, Salamanez KC, Nacario RC, Completo GC. Barnyard grass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv] leaves extract against tomato pests. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:6289-6299. [PMID: 33966279 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato is one of the widely cultivated crops worldwide that is affected by several pests, such as fungi (Fusarium oxysoporum, Alternaria solani), bacteria (Pectobacterium carotovorum) and weeds (Cyperus iria L., Amaranthus spinosus). A growing interest has emerged for developing plant-derived pesticidal compounds to counteract these pests. One attractive alternative is to use barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), known to be widely resistant to synthetic herbicides, as a potential biopesticide compound source. RESULTS Phytochemical screening of the crude extract showed that phenolic compounds were the most abundant component present in barnyard grass. The crude extract was evaluated for antifungal, antibacterial and herbicidal activities. Bioassays showed inhibition against F. oxysporum (10.73 ± 1.30%) and A. solani (20.47 ± 3.51%), the causative agent of Fusarium rot and early blight disease in tomato, respectively. Antibacterial activity against P. carotovorum gave a mean zone of inhibition (paper disc diffusion assay) of 17.00 ± 1.00 mm and an IC50 (dose-response assay) of 2.26 mg mL-1 was observed. Dose-responsive herbicidal activity on the lettuce seed germination bioassay produced an IC50 of 459.30 ppm. Selectivity studies showed inhibition towards C. iria and A. spinosus with no effect on tomato. Lastly, bioassay-guided fractionation coupled with untargeted metabolomics studies using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry mass analyses revealed loliolide and tricin as the putative metabolites present in barnyard grass. CONCLUSION To date, this is the first reported study on using barnyard grass as a potential alternative biopesticide against tomato pests such as fungi, bacteria and weeds. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin A Castrosanto
- College of Arts and Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Michael Russelle Alvarez
- College of Arts and Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Kevin C Salamanez
- College of Arts and Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Ruel C Nacario
- College of Arts and Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Gladys C Completo
- College of Arts and Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
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Yang Z, Liu Q, Sun Y, Sun X, Chen L, Sun L, Gu W. Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, DFT Study and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Novel 4-(1,2,4-Oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-(4-phenoxyphenyl)benzamide Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100651. [PMID: 34626068 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to find novel potential antifungal agrochemicals, a series of new 4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N-(4-phenoxyphenyl)benzamide derivatives 3a-j were designed, synthesized and characterized by their 1 H-, 13 C-NMR and HRMS spectra. The preliminary antifungal assay in vitro revealed that compounds 3a-j exhibited moderate to good antifungal activity against five plant pathogenic fungi. Especially, compound 3e presented significant antifungal activity against Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, superior to positive control boscalid. In the in vivo antifungal assay on tomato plants and cucumber leaves, compound 3e presented good inhibition rate against B. cinerea at 200 mg/L. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that compound 3e could bind with the active site of class II histone deacetylase (HDAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels, Chemicals, Co - Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels, Chemicals, Co - Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels, Chemicals, Co - Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xuebao Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels, Chemicals, Co - Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels, Chemicals, Co - Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels, Chemicals, Co - Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Wen Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels, Chemicals, Co - Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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Suwannarat S, Thammaniphit C, Srisonphan S. Electrohydraulic Streamer Discharge Plasma-Enhanced Alternaria brassicicola Disinfection in Seed Sterilization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:43975-43983. [PMID: 34514773 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As emerging chemical-free and eco-friendly technologies, nonthermal (gas discharge) plasma and (liquid phase) plasma-activated water (PAW) offer exceptional microbial disinfection solutions for biological, medical, environmental, and agricultural applications. Herein, we present electrohydraulic streamer discharge plasma (ESDP), which combines streamer discharge plasma (SDP) and PAW generated at a gas-liquid interface, to sterilize Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) seeds contaminated with Alternaria brassicicola (A. brassicicola). The results showed that the ESDP treatment of A. brassicicola-inoculated seeds provides a ∼75% reduction of A. brassicicola (incident percentage) compared with nontreated seeds. Likewise, the healthy seedling percentage of the plasma-treated seeds was significantly improved to ∼70%, while that of the nontreated seeds remained at ∼15%. A microscopic examination was performed, and it confirmed that ESDP can damage the A. brassicicola spores attached to Chinese kale seeds and lead to severe morphological abnormalities after treatment. Also, an electric field simulation was performed, and it indicated that the strongly localized electric field at the liquid-gas interface on the seed surface boundary had initiated local breakdown of the gas at the air-liquid interface, resulting in exceptional physical-chemical reactions for antimicrobial efficacy beyond typical plasma treatments. Moreover, the optical emission spectra and physicochemical properties (pH, conductivity, and oxidation-reduction potential) showed that inactivation is mainly associated with the reactive oxygen-nitrogen species in the liquid and gas phases. We believe that this work is of great interest when using electrical discharge plasma on liquid interfaces in food, agricultural, and medical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawita Suwannarat
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chayaporn Thammaniphit
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Siwapon Srisonphan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Khadanga B, Chanwala J, Sandeep IS, Dey N. Synthetic Promoters from Strawberry Vein Banding Virus (SVBV) and Dahlia Mosaic Virus (DaMV). Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:792-806. [PMID: 34037929 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed two intra-molecularly shuffled promoters, namely S100 and D100. The S100 recombinant promoter (621 bp) was generated by ligation of 250 bp long upstream activation sequence (UAS) of Strawberry vein banding virus (SV10UAS; - 352 to - 102 relative to TSS) with its 371 bp long TATA containing core promoter domain (SV10CP; - 352 to + 19). Likewise, 726 bp long D100 promoter was constructed by fusion of 170 bp long UAS of Dahlia mosaic virus (DaMV14UAS; - 203 to - 33) with its 556 bp long core promoter domain (DaMV4CP; - 474 to + 82). S100 and D100 promoters showed 1.8 and 2.2 times stronger activities than that of the CaMV35S promoter. The activity of the promoters is comparable to that of the CaMV35S2 promoter. Transcript analysis employing qRT-PCR and histochemical assays supported the above findings. Abscisic acid and salicylic acid induce the activity of the D100 promoter. Leaf protein obtained from Nicotiana tabacum plant expressing NSD2 gene (Nigella sativa L. defensin 2) driven by the D100 promoter showed antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and Phoma exigua var. exigua and antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Strong S100 and D100 promoters have potential to become efficient candidates for plant metabolic engineering and molecular pharming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinath Khadanga
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Jeky Chanwala
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - I Sriram Sandeep
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
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Zheng H, Chen Y, Guo Q, Wei H, Yue J, Zhou H, Zhao M. Inhibitory Effect of Osthole from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson on Fusarium oxysporum, a Common Fungal Pathogen of Potato. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133818. [PMID: 34201482 PMCID: PMC8270252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of potato is one of the most common diseases of potato in China, and is becoming a serious threat in potato production. It has been reported that osthole from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson can inhibit plant pathogens. Here, we test the anti-fungal activity of C. monnieri osthole against Fusarium oxysporum in potatoes. The results showed that at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, osthole was able to obviously inhibit mycelial growth of F. oxysporum. We found that osthole caused changes of mycelial morphology, notably hyphal swelling and darkening. Osthole significantly reduced the spore germination of Fusarium by 57.40%. In addition, osthole also inhibited the growth of other pathogens such as Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld, Thanatephorus cucumeris Donk, and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl, but not Alternaria solani Jonesetgrout and Valsa mali Miyabe and G. Yamada. Our results suggest that osthole has considerable potential as an agent for the prevention and treatment of potato Fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yahan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Qiuli Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hong Wei
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianying Yue
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hongyou Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-471-6385801 (M.Z.)
| | - Mingmin Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (H.Z.); (Q.G.); (H.W.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-471-6385801 (M.Z.)
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Bellumori M, Innocenti M, Congiu F, Cencetti G, Raio A, Menicucci F, Mulinacci N, Michelozzi M. Within-Plant Variation in Rosmarinus officinalis L. Terpenes and Phenols and Their Antimicrobial Activity against the Rosemary Phytopathogens Alternaria alternata and Pseudomonas viridiflava. Molecules 2021; 26:3425. [PMID: 34198771 PMCID: PMC8201224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated within-plant variability of the main bioactive compounds in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Volatile terpenes, including the enantiomeric distribution of monoterpenes, and phenols were analyzed in young and mature foliar, cortical and xylem tissues. In addition, antimicrobial activity of rosmarinic acid and selected terpenes was evaluated against two rosemary pathogens, Alternaria alternata and Pseudomonas viridiflava. Data showed that total concentration and relative contents of terpenes changed in relation to tissue source and age. Their highest total concentration was observed in the young leaves, followed by mature leaves, cortical and xylem tissues. Rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid contents did not show significant differences between leaf tissues of different ages, while young and mature samples showed variations in the content of four flavonoids. These results are useful for a more targeted harvesting of rosemary plants, in order to produce high-quality essential oils and phenolic extracts. Microbial tests showed that several terpenes and rosmarinic acid significantly inhibited the growth of typical rosemary pathogens. Overall, results on antimicrobial activity suggest the potential application of these natural compounds as biochemical markers in breeding programs aimed to select new chemotypes less susceptible to pathogen attacks, and as eco-friendly chemical alternatives to synthetic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bellumori
- Department of Neurofarba, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (M.I.); (F.C.)
| | - Marzia Innocenti
- Department of Neurofarba, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (M.I.); (F.C.)
| | - Federica Congiu
- Department of Neurofarba, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (M.I.); (F.C.)
| | - Gabriele Cencetti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Aida Raio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Felicia Menicucci
- Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of Neurofarba, Division of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (M.B.); (M.I.); (F.C.)
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.)
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Jiang D, Wei D, Li H, Wang L, Jiang N, Li Y, Wang M. Natural occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in wheat and potential of reducing associated risks using magnolol. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3071-3077. [PMID: 33124688 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is one of three major food crops in China. Alternaria species can cause spoilage of wheat with consequent mycotoxin accumulation. Alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) are the most common and frequently studied mycotoxins. There are limited regulations placed on Alternaria mycotoxin concentrations worldwide due to the lack of toxicity data available. More data on the levels of mycotoxin contamination are also needed. It is also important to reduce the risks of Alternaria mycotoxins. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-two wheat samples were collected from Hebei Province, China, and analyzed for AOH, AME, and TeA. Tenuazonic acid was found to be the predominant Alternaria mycotoxin, especially in flour samples. Studying Alternaria species that cause black-point disease of wheat indicated that Alternaria alternata and Alternaria tenuissima were the dominant species. Most of the Alternaria strains studied produced more than one mycotoxin and TeA was produced at the highest concentration, which may have resulted in the high level of TeA contamination in the wheat samples. Furthermore, magnolol displayed obvious antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity against Alternaria. This is the first report on the antimycotoxigenic activity of magnolol against Alternaria species. CONCLUSION The Alternaria mycotoxin contamination levels in wheat and wheat products from Hebei Province, China, were correlated with the toxigenic capacity of the Alternaria strains colonizing the wheat. Considering its safety, magnolol could be developed as a natural fungicide in wheat, or as a natural alternative food preservative based on its strong antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity against Alternaria strains. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Jiang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Dizhe Wei
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology/Research Center for Agricultural Products Quality and Safety, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liuqing Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology/Research Center for Agricultural Products Quality and Safety, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Moumni M, Allagui MB, Mezrioui K, Ben Amara H, Romanazzi G. Evaluation of Seven Essential Oils as Seed Treatments against Seedborne Fungal Pathogens of Cucurbita maxima. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082354. [PMID: 33919567 PMCID: PMC8073776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are gaining interest as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides for management of seedborne pathogens. Here, seven essential oils were initially tested in vivo for disinfection of squash seeds (Cucurbita maxima) naturally contaminated by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium fujikuro, Fusarium solani, Paramyrothecium roridum, Albifimbria verrucaria, Curvularia spicifera, and Rhizopus stolonifer. The seeds were treated with essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Lavandula dentata, Lavandula hybrida, Melaleuca alternifolia, Laurus nobilis, and Origanum majorana (#1 and #2). Incidence of S. cucurbitacearum was reduced, representing a range between 67.0% in L. nobilis to 84.4% in O. majorana #2. Treatments at 0.5 mg/mL essential oils did not affect seed germination, although radicles were shorter than controls, except with C. citratus and O. majorana #1 essential oils. Four days after seeding, seedling emergence was 20%, 30%, and 10% for control seeds and seeds treated with C. citratus essential oil (0.5 mg/mL) and fungicides (25 g/L difenoconazole plus 25 g/L fludioxonil). S. cucurbitacearum incidence was reduced by ~40% for plantlets from seeds treated with C. citratus essential oil. These data show the effectiveness of this essential oil to control the transmission of S. cucurbitacearum from seeds to plantlets, and thus define their potential use for seed decontamination in integrated pest management and organic agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Moumni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (K.M.)
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, National Institute for Agronomic Research of Tunisia, University of Carthage, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (H.B.A.)
| | - Mohamed Bechir Allagui
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, National Institute for Agronomic Research of Tunisia, University of Carthage, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (H.B.A.)
| | - Kaies Mezrioui
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (K.M.)
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, National Institute for Agronomic Research of Tunisia, University of Carthage, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (H.B.A.)
| | - Hajer Ben Amara
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, National Institute for Agronomic Research of Tunisia, University of Carthage, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (H.B.A.)
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-2204336
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Masi M, Petraretti M, De Natale A, Pollio A, Evidente A. Fungal Metabolites with Antagonistic Activity against Fungi of Lithic Substrata. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020295. [PMID: 33669378 PMCID: PMC7920264 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are among the biotic agents that can cause deterioration of building stones and cultural heritage. The most common methods used to control fungal spread and growth are based on chemical pesticides. However, the massive use of these synthetic chemicals produces heavy environmental pollution and risk to human and animal health. Furthermore, their use is time dependent and relies on the repetition of treatments, which increases the possibility of altering building stones and culture heritage through environmental contamination. One alternative is the use of natural products with high antifungal activity, which can result in reduced toxicity and deterioration of archeological remains. Recently, three fungal strains, namely Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum, were isolated as damaging agents from the external tuff wall of the Roman remains "Villa of Poppea" in Oplontis, Naples, Italy. In this manuscript, three selected fungal metabolites, namely cyclopaldic acid, cavoxin and epi-epoformin, produced by fungi pathogenic for forest plants, were evaluated as potential antifungal compounds against the above fungi. Cavoxin and epi-epoformin showed antifungal activity against Asperigillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum, while cyclopaldic acid showed no activity when tested on the three fungi. The same antifungal activity was observed in vitro experiments on infected stones of the Neapolitan yellow tuff (NYT), a volcanic lithotype widely diffused in the archeological sites of Campania, Italy. This study represents a first step in the use of these two fungal metabolites to allow better preservation of artworks and to guarantee the conditions suitable for their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-674239
| | - Mariagioia Petraretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (A.D.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino De Natale
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (A.D.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (A.D.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
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Yang S, Wang T, Zhou Y, Shi L, Lu A, Wang Z. Discovery of Cysteine and Its Derivatives as Novel Antiviral and Antifungal Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:E383. [PMID: 33450940 PMCID: PMC7828423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the structure of the natural product cysteine, a series of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids were designed and synthesized. All target compounds bearing thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS techniques. The antiviral and antifungal activities of cysteine and its derivatives were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results of anti-TMV activity revealed that all compounds exhibited moderate to excellent activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) at the concentration of 500 μg/mL. The compounds cysteine (1), 3-4, 7, 10, 13, 20, 23, and 24 displayed higher anti-TMV activities than the commercial plant virucide ribavirin (inhibitory rate: 40, 40, and 38% at 500 μg/mL for inactivation, curative, and protection activity in vivo, respectively), especially compound 3 (inhibitory rate: 51%, 47%, and 49% at 500 μg/mL for inactivation, curative, and protection activity in vivo, respectively) with excellent antiviral activity emerged as a new antiviral candidate. Antiviral mechanism research by TEM exhibited that compound 3 could inhibit virus assembly by aggregated the 20S protein disk. Molecular docking results revealed that compound 3 with higher antiviral activities than that of compound 24 did show stronger interaction with TMV CP. Further fungicidal activity tests against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi revealed that these cysteine derivatives displayed broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. Compound 16 exhibited higher antifungal activities against Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Alternaria solani than commercial fungicides carbendazim and chlorothalonil, which emerged as a new candidate for fungicidal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (S.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Tienan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (S.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Yanan Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (S.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Li Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (S.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Aidang Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (S.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Bathoova M, Švubová R, Bokor B, Neděla V, Tihlaříková E, Martinka M. Silicon triggers sorghum root enzyme activities and inhibits the root cell colonization by Alternaria alternata. Planta 2021; 253:29. [PMID: 33423117 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicon inhibits the growth of Alternaria alternata into sorghum root cells by maintaining their integrity through stimulating biochemical defense reactions rather than by silica-based physical barrier creation. Although the ameliorating effect of silicon (Si) on plant resistance against fungal pathogens has been proven, the mechanism of its action needs to be better understood on a cellular level. The present study explores the effect of Si application in sorghum roots infected with fungus Alternaria alternata under controlled in vitro conditions. Detailed anatomical and cytological observations by both fluorescent and electron microscopy revealed that Si supplementation results in the inhibition of fungal hyphae growth into the protoplast of root cells. An approach of environmental scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy enabling spatial detection of Si even at low concentrations showed that there is no continual solid layer of silica in the root cell walls of the rhizodermis, mesodermis and exodermis physically blocking the fungal growth into the protoplasts. Additionally, biochemical evidence suggests that Si speeds up the onset of activities of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases involved in phenolic compounds production and deposition to plant cell walls. In conclusion, Si alleviates the negative impact of A. alternata infection by limiting hyphae penetration through sorghum root cell walls into protoplasts, thus maintaining their structural and functional integrity. This might occur by triggering plant biochemical defense responses rather than by creating compact Si layer deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bathoova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic.
| | - Renáta Švubová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vilém Neděla
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 147, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tihlaříková
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 147, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Martinka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava 4, Slovak Republic
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Ahmad H, Venugopal K, Bhat AH, Kavitha K, Ramanan A, Rajagopal K, Srinivasan R, Manikandan E. Enhanced Biosynthesis Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) for their Antifungal Activity Toxicity against Major Phyto-Pathogens of Apple Orchards. Pharm Res 2020; 37:246. [PMID: 33215292 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study made an attempt to develop copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) with antifungal property using green synthesis method. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) botanically synthesized using Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were characterized by using different techniques like; UV-visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM. METHODS Materials were chosen the disease free and fresh Azadirachta indica A. Juss were collected and identified at Center of Biodiversity and Taxonomy. The plant samples were vigorously washed with distilled water then shade dried followed by sterilization with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 20 s and again it was washed with distilled water. 15 g powder form of plant material was added to 200 ml double distilled, CO2 free and deionized water and kept in shaker at 80°C and 1500 rpm for six hours. After agitation, the extract was separated by regular centrifugation at 10,000 rpm followed by filtration by using whatmann filter paper. The final volume of 100 ml of supernatant was collected as pure extract and stored in cool place for further use. RESULTS The final results confirm a significant inhibition of CuO-NPs for the test fungi. Additionally, CuO-NPs demonstrated an enhanced effect when combined with Neem leaf extract. A total of 20-30% improvement in activity was noticed after combination, which correlates with commonly used synthetic fungicides. The toxicity results reveal that A. indica extract and their combined fractions with CuO-NP were less toxic to the test seeds of experimental plant while as bulk Cu followed by biosynthesized CuO-NPs influenced the germination rate as compared to control pots. CONCLUSIONS The study drops a concern of research and offers a promising route of developing Copper based green fungicides that can help to combat with modern issues of synthetic fungicides. An average size of 80 ± 15 nm monoclinic cupric oxide (CuO) and cubic cuprous oxides (Cu2O) nanocrystals that existed in mixed form were successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavarm, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (TN), 600117, India.
| | - K Venugopal
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavarm, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (TN), 600117, India
| | - A H Bhat
- Division of Plant Pathology, SK University of Agriculture Science and Technology Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - K Kavitha
- Department of Microbiology, Madras Christian College (MCC), Tambaram, Chennai, TN, 600059, India
| | - A Ramanan
- Tamil Nadu State Council for Science & Technology (TNSCST), DOTE Campus, Chennai, TN, 600025, India
| | - K Rajagopal
- Department of Botany (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology) Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Chennai, India
| | - R Srinivasan
- Tamil Nadu State Council for Science & Technology (TNSCST), DOTE Campus, Chennai, TN, 600025, India
| | - E Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavarm, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (TN), 600117, India.
- Department of Physics, Thiruvalluvar University College for Arts & Science (TUCAS), Thennangur, (Affiliated: Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore), Thennangur, Tamil Nadu, 604408, India.
- UNESCO-UNISA AFNET in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, PO BOX 392, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Avanz Bio Private Ltd., East Tambaram, MES Road, Near to MCC College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600059, India.
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Yadav DK, Tripathi KP, Kaushik P, Rana VS, Kamil D, Khatri D, Shakil NA. Microwave assisted synthesis, characterization and biological activities of ferrocenyl chalcones and their QSAR analysis: Part II. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 56:82-97. [PMID: 33150825 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1838828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of ferrocenyl chalcones using acetylferrocene, with ferrocenyl group at the keto carbonyl group, and different aldehydes were synthesized and their bioefficacy evaluation was done against Sclerotium rolfsii, Alternaria solani and Meloidogyne incognita. In continuation of our quest for potent crop protection products, in the present study, a series of 18 substituted ferrocenyl chalcones were synthesized in which ferrocenyl group was attached to the aldehyde moiety, using ferrocenecarboxyaldehyde and different acetophenones by microwave method (MM) and conventional method (CM) [cf: MM 1 to 5 min; CM 12-40 h] and characterized by various techniques viz. IR, LC-HRMS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. In vitro fungicidal activity showed that compound, (2E)-1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (34) (ED50 = 21.50 mg L-1) was found to be most active against S. rolfsii and compound, (2E)-1-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (21) (ED50 = 31.14 mg L-1) showed highest activity against A. solani. As regards nematicidal activity, compound (2E)-1-(3-Bromophenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (29) was more potent with LC50 values of 11.95, 8.07 and 4.34 mg L-1 at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. QSAR study revealed that MLR for S. rolfsii (r 2 = 0.9834, q 2= 0.8975) and A. solani (r 2 = 0.9807, q 2= 0.8713) and PLS for M. incognita (r 2 = 0.9023, q 2= 0.7818) were the best models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Yadav
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash Pati Tripathi
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Parshant Kaushik
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Virendra S Rana
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeba Kamil
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dilip Khatri
- Department of Process Development, PI Industries, Rajasthan, India
| | - Najam A Shakil
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Wu HB, Wu HB, Kuang MS, Lan HP, Wen YX, Liu TT. Novel Bithiophene Dimers from Echinops latifolius as Potential Antifungal and Nematicidal Agents. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:11939-11945. [PMID: 33059450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Three novel dimeric bithiophenes, echinbithiophenedimers A-C (1-3), along with two known thiophenes, 4 and 5, were obtained from Echinops latifolius, and their structures were identified through extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compounds 1-3 possessed new carbon skeletons; they are dimeric bithiophenes with 1 and 2 featuring an unprecedented 1,3-dioxolane ring system and 3 featuring an unusual 1,4-dioxane ring. These compounds are the first examples of bithiophene dimers furnished by different cyclic diethers. Dimeric bithiophenes 1-3 had good antifungal activities against five phytopathogenic fungi, and compound 3 showed excellent activity against Alternaria alternate and Pyricularia oryzae, with a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 8 μg/mL, which was close to or higher than that of carbendazim. Moreover, its effect on the mycelial morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Compounds 1-3, which were demonstrated to be nonphototoxic thiophenes, exhibited better nematicidal activity than the commercial nematicide ethoprophos against Meloidogyne incognita. This study revealed that dimeric bithiophenes containing 1,3-dioxolane or 1,4-dioxane rings could be used as novel antifungal and nematicidal agents for controlling plant fungal and nematode pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bin Wu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Shan Kuang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Peng Lan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Wen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Abbas E, Osman A, Sitohy M. Biochemical control of Alternaria tenuissima infecting post-harvest fig fruit by chickpea vicilin. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2889-2897. [PMID: 32031252 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternaria tenuissima was isolated from infected fig fruit and molecularly identified by rRNA gene sequencing. The objective of the current work was to test the inhibitory effect of vicilin as a glycoprotein, isolated from chickpea, against the fungus A. tenuissima, isolated from fig fruit, in vitro and in situ, to estimate its potential action in controlling the growth of A. tenuissima in postharvest fig fruit. RESULTS Chickpea vicilin is a glycoprotein composed of three subunits of 135, 210, and 230 kDa. The linear growth of A. tenuissima on the solid agar medium and in liquid media (at 25 °C) was markedly reduced by 44%, 66%, 77%, and 83% and 20%, 24%, 42%, and 62%, respectively in response to vicilin applications of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g L-1 . Chickpea vicilin (at 0.4 g L-1 ) totally prevented fungal conidia germination during 24 h of incubation at 25 °C. Electron microscope scanning of A. tenuissima subjected to chickpea vicilin showed hyphae swelling and conidia deformation. Treating post-harvest fig fruit, artificially infected with A. tenuissima, with chickpea vicilin (0.1-0.4 g L-1 ) restricted the disease severity to 15% against 55% in the positive control after 7 days storage. CONCLUSION Vicilin can be considered a potent antifungal agent that can be used in preserving fig fruit for 7-14 days with minimum disease severity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entsar Abbas
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Kovač T, Šarkanj B, Borišev I, Djordjevic A, Jović D, Lončarić A, Babić J, Jozinović A, Krska T, Gangl J, Ezekiel CN, Sulyok M, Krska R. Fullerol C 60(OH) 24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040213. [PMID: 32230978 PMCID: PMC7232364 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts to control mycotoxin contamination worldwide, extensive contamination has been reported to occur in food and feed. The contamination is even more intense due to climate changes and different stressors. This study examined the impact of fullerol C60(OH)24 nanoparticles (FNP) (at 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng mL-1) on the secondary metabolite profile of the most relevant foodborne mycotoxigenic fungi from genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Alternaria and Penicillium, during growth in vitro. Fungi were grown in liquid RPMI 1640 media for 72 h at 29 °C, and metabolites were investigated by the LC-MS/MS dilute and shoot multimycotoxin method. Exposure to FNP showed great potential in decreasing the concentrations of 35 secondary metabolites; the decreases were dependent on FNP concentration and fungal genus. These results are a relevant guide for future examination of fungi-FNP interactions in environmental conditions. The aim is to establish the exact mechanism of FNP action and determine the impact such interactions have on food and feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Kovač
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-31-224-341; Fax: +385-31-207-115
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Ivana Borišev
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (A.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Aleksandar Djordjevic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (A.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Danica Jović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.B.); (A.D.); (D.J.)
| | - Ante Lončarić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Jurislav Babić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Antun Jozinović
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (B.Š.); (A.L.); (J.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Tamara Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Johann Gangl
- Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Chibundu N. Ezekiel
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo 121103, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (T.K.); (C.N.E.); (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
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Gao YQ, Du ST, Xiao J, Wang DC, Han WB, Zhang Q, Gao JM. Isolation and Characterization of Antifungal Metabolites from the Melia azedarach-Associated Fungus Diaporthe eucalyptorum. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2418-2425. [PMID: 32011876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two biosynthetically related new metabolites, eucalyptacid A (1) and eucalactam B (2), along with six known compounds (3-8), eugenitol (3), cytosporone C (4), 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (5), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol (6), N-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)acetamide (7), and phomopene (8), were isolated from the solid rice cultures of the endophytic fungus Diaporthe eucalyptorum KY-9 that had been isolated from Melia azedarach. Also, two further new derivatives (2a, 2b) were prepared from 2. The structures were elucidated by exhaustive analysis of NMR and ESIMS data and chemical methods such as Marfey's protocol. Compound 1 was identified as a rare polyketide fatty acid, (8E)-3,5,11-trihydroxy-2,10,12-trimethyltetradecenoic acid, and 2 was determined to be the first cyclic depsipeptide containing the same fatty acid unit as 1 and a Gly-Gly-Thr tripeptide chain. Its N-terminal end is N-acylated by an 11-hydroxy fatty acid with a branch alkyl chain of 14:1. The 11-hydroxyl group connects to the carboxylic group of the C-terminal amino acid to form a 22-membered lactone ring. A hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for the new polyketides is proposed. The isolated compounds were assayed for their inhibition against four plant pathogenic fungi, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Gibberella saubinettii. Compounds 1, 4, 6, and 7 exhibited antifungal activities against Alternaria solani, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from 6.25 to 50 μM. Thus, strain KY-9 represents an untapped source for the development of biological control agents to prevent the infection of pathogenic fungus A. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Tian Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bo Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
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22
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Zhang M, Li Y, Bi Y, Wang T, Dong Y, Yang Q, Zhang T. 2-Phenylethyl Isothiocyanate Exerts Antifungal Activity against Alternaria alternata by Affecting Membrane Integrity and Mycotoxin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E124. [PMID: 32075318 PMCID: PMC7077316 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Black spot caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the important diseases of pear fruit during storage. Isothiocyanates are known as being strong antifungal compounds in vitro against different fungi. The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal effects of the volatile compound 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (2-PEITC) against A. alternata in vitro and in pear fruit, and to explore the underlying inhibitory mechanisms. The in vitro results showed that 2-PEITC significantly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of A. alternata-the inhibitory effects showed a dose-dependent pattern and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 1.22 mM. The development of black spot rot on the pear fruit inoculated with A. alternata was also significantly decreased by 2-PEITC fumigation. At 1.22 mM concentration, the lesion diameter was only 39% of that in the control fruit at 7 days after inoculation. Further results of the leakage of electrolyte, increase of intracellular OD260, and propidium iodide (PI) staining proved that 2-PEITC broke cell membrane permeability of A. alternata. Moreover, 2-PEITC treatment significantly decreased alternariol (AOH), alternariolmonomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN) contents of A. alternata. Taken together, these data suggest that the mechanisms underlying the antifungal effect of 2-PEITC against A. alternata might be via reduction in toxin content and breakdown of cell membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.Z.)
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Majumder S, Kaushik P, Rana VS, Sinha P, Shakil NA. Amphiphilic polymer based nanoformulations of mancozeb for management of early blight in tomato. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 55:501-507. [PMID: 32036766 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1724750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release (CR) nanoformulations of Mancozeb (Manganese-zinc double salt of N, N-bisdithiocarbamic acid), a protective fungicide, have been developed using poly (ethylene glycols) (PEGs) based functionalized amphiphilic copolymers and evaluated for the management of early blight in tomato. During the field experiment, it was observed that number of infected leaflets/plants were less in developed formulation treated plants as compared to commercial products. Number of infected leaflets per plant was 2.40-4.60 and the number of fruits per plant were 6.40-9.00 at 50 mg L-1, whereas at 100 mg L-1, the corresponding numbers were 2.10-4.10 and 6.30-9.10 respectively. These formulations can be used to optimize the release of Mancozeb to achieve disease control for the desired period depending upon the matrix of the polymer used. Importantly, sufficient amount of active ingredient remains available for a reasonable period of time after application leading to reduced number of applications of pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Majumder
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India
| | - Parshant Kaushik
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Virendra S Rana
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Parimal Sinha
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Najam Akhtar Shakil
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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24
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Abstract
In field trials in Iowa, we investigated the association of a fungicide applied at early pod set to the diversity and composition of foliar endophytic fungi in presenescent soybeans. The main purpose of our study was to determine whether fungicides affect the microbiome of soybean plants during the pod-fill reproductive stage. In a replicated experiment focused on the impact of a fungicide application including a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) and a pyrazole-carboxamide spanning two growing seasons, healthy stems and leaves near the tops of soybean were sampled for endophytic fungi. The survey yielded 1,791 isolates belonging to 17 putative species, identified by morphology and sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region. Taxa were grouped by genus into operational taxonomic units: Alternaria, Colletotrichum, and Diaporthe were the dominant genera isolated. Plant parts were analyzed separately using a multivariate community analysis of isolate counts per plant. The 14.3% fluxapyroxad and 28.6% pyraclostrobin fungicide spray significantly increased the proportion of Diaporthe isolates over no-spray controls, whereas the inverse occurred for foliar Alternaria isolates. In addition, seed harvested from fields with shorter-season varieties and sprayed with fungicide showed higher percentages of Diaporthe isolates than fields with no fungicide spray. In conclusion, soybean farmers may want to consider that the application of a QoI fungicide in the absence of disease pressure might adversely impact seed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlson Batzer
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Daren S Mueller
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Integrated Pest Management Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Spagnoletti FN, Chiocchio VM. Tolerance of dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE) to agrochemicals in vitro. Rev Argent Microbiol 2020; 52:43-49. [PMID: 31178238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are a heterogeneous group of fungi, mostly belonging to the Phylum Ascomycota, that are involved in a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots. The aim of this study is to evaluate the behavior of two strains of DSE isolated from wheat roots of two cropping areas in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, against some agrochemicals. Of all the isolates obtained, two strains were identified as Alternaria alternata and Cochliobolus sp. These DSE were found to be tolerant to glyphosate, carbendazim and cypermethrin when evaluated at the recommended agronomic dose (AD), 2 AD and, in some cases, 10 AD. This work contributes to the study of the biology of this group of fungi and their tolerance in the presence of xenobiotics widely used in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico N Spagnoletti
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía-UBA, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales-CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, (DSE 1427) CABA, Argentina
| | - Viviana M Chiocchio
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía-UBA, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales-CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, (DSE 1427) CABA, Argentina.
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Wang Y, Wang M, Zhou M, Zhang X, Feng J. Baseline Sensitivity and Action Mechanism of Propamidine Against Alternaria brassicicola, the Causal Agent of Dark Leaf Spot on Cabbage. Plant Dis 2020; 104:204-210. [PMID: 31697222 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-19-0883-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, a total of 53 isolates of Alternaria brassicicola collected from Shaanxi Province of China were characterized for their sensitivity to propamidine. The EC50 (50% effective concentration) values for propamidine inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination ranged from 0.515 to 3.247 µg/ml and 0.393 to 2.982 µg/ml, with average EC50 values of 1.327 ± 0.198 µg/ml and 1.106 ± 0.113 µg/ml, respectively. In greenhouse experiments, propamidine at 100 µg/ml provided >90% efficacy against dark leaf spot on cabbage, which was higher than the efficacy obtained by azoxystrobin at the same concentration. After treatment with propamidine, fungal growth distortions were observed in the form of excess mycelial branching, thickened cell walls, decreased cell membrane permeability, and increased chitin content. Interestingly, colony color faded after treatment with propamidine compared with that of the untreated parental isolates. Importantly, the expressions of melanin biosynthesis-associated genes Amr1, Scd1, Brn1, and Brn2 were downregulated at different levels. The obtained baseline sensitivity and control efficacy data suggested that propamidine inhibited not only growth of A. brassicicola but also melanin biosynthesis, which could reduce the biocompatibility of A. brassicicola in the field. These biological characteristics encourage further investigation of the mechanism of action of propamidine against A. brassicicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxia Zhou
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Metz N, Adolf B, Chaluppa N, Hückelhoven R, Hausladen H. Occurrence of sdh Mutations in German Alternaria solani Isolates and Potential Impact on Boscalid Sensitivity In Vitro, in the Greenhouse, and in the Field. Plant Dis 2019; 103:3065-3071. [PMID: 31545700 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-19-0617-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Alternaria solani is the main pathogen causing early blight on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). An increase in the development of resistance to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) boscalid, one of the main active ingredients for the control of early blight, has been reported. For this study, monitoring data from Germany were collected between 2013 and 2016 and an increase in the occurrence of A. solani succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutant isolates was observed. In addition to the known point mutations in sdh complex II, a new mutation in subunit C was found in German isolates (SdhC-H134Q). SDHI fungicide sensitivity testing was performed in the laboratory, greenhouse, and field. Reduced boscalid sensitivity was shown for mutant isolates (SdhB-H278Y and SdhC-H134R) both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, field trials with artificial inoculation were performed in 2016 and 2017. In both years, fungicide efficacy was significantly reduced after mutant inoculation compared with wild-type inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Metz
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Birgit Adolf
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Nicole Chaluppa
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Hans Hausladen
- Chair of Phytopathology, Technische Universität München, Freising 85354, Germany
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Khademi M, Nazarian‐Firouzabadi F, Ismaili A, Shirzadian Khorramabad R. Targeting microbial pathogens by expression of new recombinant dermaseptin peptides in tobacco. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e837. [PMID: 30912302 PMCID: PMC6854847 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermaseptin B1 (DrsB1), an antimicrobial cationic 31 amino acid peptide, is produced by Phyllomedusa bicolor. In an attempt to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of DrsB1, the DrsB1 encoding 93 bp sequence was either fused to the N or C terminus of sequence encoding chitin-binding domain (CBD) of Avr4 gene from Cladosporium fulvum. Tobacco leaf disk explants were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes harboring pGSA/CBD-DrsB1 and pGSA/DrsB1-CBD expression vectors to produce hairy roots (HRs). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to screen putative transgenic tobacco lines. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting analysis indicated that the expression of recombinant genes were significantly higher, and recombinant proteins were produced in transgenic HRs. The recombinant proteins were extracted from the tobacco HRs and used against Pectobacterium carotovorum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas campestris pathogenic bacteria and Alternaria alternata and Pythium sp. fungi. Two recombinant proteins had a statistically significant (p < 0.01) inhibitory effect on the growth and development of plant pathogens. The CBD-DrsB1 recombinant protein demonstrated a higher antibacterial effect, whereas the DrsB1-CBD recombinant protein demonstrated greater antifungal activity. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the structure of the fungal mycelia appeared segmented, adhered to each other, and crushed following the antimicrobial activity of the recombinant proteins. Due to the high antimicrobial activity of the recombinant proteins against plant pathogens, this strategy can be used to generate stable transgenic crop plants resistant to devastating plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Khademi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of AgricultureLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
| | | | - Ahmad Ismaili
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of AgricultureLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
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Chen X, Hu LF, Huang XS, Zhao LX, Miao CP, Chen YW, Xu LH, Han L, Li YQ. Isolation and Characterization of New Phenazine Metabolites with Antifungal Activity against Root-Rot Pathogens of Panax notoginseng from Streptomyces. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:11403-11407. [PMID: 31509401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three new phenazine metabolites, strepphenazine A-C (1-3), along with a known compound baraphenazine E 4 were isolated from the culture broth of a Streptomyces strain YIM PH20095. The structures were elucidated based on the spectral data. Compounds 1-4 showed different antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Alternaria panax, and Phoma herbarum, which caused root-rot disease of Panax notoginseng with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16-64 μg/mL; compared with compound 4, compounds 1-3 showed better antifungal activity against some of these pathogenic fungi with MICs of 16-32 μg/mL, while compound 4 showed antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, P. cucumerina, and A. panax with the same MICs of 64 μg/mL. Thus, strain YIM PH20095 provides new sources for the development of biological control agents to prevent the infection of pathogenic fungi of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | - Lin-Fang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | - Xue-Shi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | - Cui-Ping Miao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | - You-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | - Li-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
| | - Li Han
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Yi-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science , Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , China
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He R, Mai B, Fan J, Jiang Y, Chen G, Guo D, Chen G, Yao X, Gao H, Zhang W. Identification, Quantification, and Stereoselective Degradation of Triazole Fungicide Cyproconazole in Two Matrixes through Chiral Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:10782-10790. [PMID: 31490683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Systematic investigation of cyproconazole, including absolute stereochemistry, fungicidal activity, quantification in two matrixes, and stereoselective degradation in cucumber, are conducted in this study. By virtue of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy, absolute configurations of four stereoisomers were identified to be (2R,3R)-(+)-, (2R,3S)-(+)-, (2S,3S)-(-)-, and (2S,3R)-(-)-cyproconazoles. Then four stereoisomers exhibited stereoselective fungicidal activities against Fusarium graminearum Schw and Magnaporthe oryzae, and the order of fungicidal activity was (2S,3S)-(-)-stereoisomer > the stereoisomer mixture > (2S,3R)-(-)-stereoisomer > (2R,3R)-(+)-stereoisomer > (2R,3S)-(+)-stereoisomer. Moreover, chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify cyproconazole stereoisomers in soil and cucumber matrixes. Good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99) and recoveries (86.79-92.47%, RSD ≤ 3.94%) for them were achieved, individually. Furthermore, stereoselective degradation of four cyproconazole stereoisomers was observed in cucumber and the order of degradation rate was (2R,3R)-(+)-cyproconazole > (2S,3S)-(-)-cyproconazole > (2R,3S)-(+)-cyproconazole > (2S,3R)-(-)-cyproconazole. We envision that such systematic assessments of chiral fungicides at an enantiomeric level would provide valuable information in future studies involving enantioselective physiological, metabolic, and toxicological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujian He
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Binliang Mai
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Gui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Dong Guo
- Guangzhou Research & Creativity Biotechnology Co. Ltd. , Guangzhou 510663 , P.R. China
| | - Guodong Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Hao Gao
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
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Wang L, Jiang N, Wang D, Wang M. Effects of Essential Oil Citral on the Growth, Mycotoxin Biosynthesis and Transcriptomic Profile of Alternaria alternata. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100553. [PMID: 31547106 PMCID: PMC6832348 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a critical phytopathogen that causes foodborne spoilage and produces a polyketide mycotoxin, alternariol (AOH), and its derivative, alternariol monomethyl ether (AME). In this study, the inhibitory effects of the essential oil citral on the fungal growth and mycotoxin production of A. alternata were evaluated. Our findings indicated that 0.25 μL/mL (222.5 μg/mL) of citral completely suppressed mycelial growth as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Moreover, the 1/2MIC of citral could inhibit more than 97% of the mycotoxin amount. Transcriptomic profiling was performed by comparative RNA-Seq analysis of A. alternata with or without citral treatment. Out of a total of 1334 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 621 up-regulated and 713 down-regulated genes were identified under citral stress conditions. Numerous DEGs for cell survival, involved in ribosome and nucleolus biogenesis, RNA processing and metabolic processes, and protein processing, were highly expressed in response to citral. However, a number of DEGs responsible for the metabolism of several carbohydrates and amino acids, sulfate and glutathione metabolism, the metabolism of xenobiotics and transporter activity were significantly more likely to be down-regulated. Citral induced the disturbance of cell integrity through the disorder of gene expression, which was further confirmed by the fact that exposure to citral caused irreversibly deleterious disruption of fungal spores and the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Citral perturbed the balance of oxidative stress, which was likewise verified by a reduction of total antioxidative capacity. In addition, citral was able to modulate the down-regulation of mycotoxin biosynthetic genes, including pksI and omtI. The results provide new insights for exploring inhibitory mechanisms and indicate citral as a potential antifungal and antimytoxigenic alternative for cereal storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Duo Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
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Guo J, Hao Y, Ji X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Ma D, Li Y, Pang H, Ni J, Wang Q. Optimization, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Mode of Action of Nortopsentin Analogues Containing Thiazole and Oxazole Moieties. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:10018-10031. [PMID: 31448918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases seriously endanger plant health, and it is very difficult to control them. A series of nortopsentin analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antiviral activities and fungicidal activities. Most of these compounds displayed higher antiviral activities than ribavirin. Compounds 1d, 1e, and 12a, with excellent antiviral activities, emerged as novel antiviral lead compounds, among which 1e was selected for further antiviral mechanism research. The mechanism research results indicated that these compounds may play an antiviral role by aggregating viral particles to prevent their movement in plants. Further fungicidal activity tests revealed that nortopsentin analogues displayed broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. Compounds 2p and 2f displayed higher antifungal activities against Alternaria solani than the commercial fungicides carbendazim and chlorothalonil. Current research has laid a foundation for the application of nortopsentin analogues in plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Yanan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiaofei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387 , China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Dejun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Huailin Pang
- CAC Nantong Chemical Company, Ltd , Shanghai 226400 , China
| | - Jueping Ni
- CAC Nantong Chemical Company, Ltd , Shanghai 226400 , China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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Yang LN, He MH, Ouyang HB, Zhu W, Pan ZC, Sui QJ, Shang LP, Zhan J. Cross-resistance of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata to fungicides with different modes of action. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:205. [PMID: 31477005 PMCID: PMC6720428 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-resistance, a phenomenon that a pathogen resists to one antimicrobial compound also resists to one or several other compounds, is one of major threats to human health and sustainable food production. It usually occurs among antimicrobial compounds sharing the mode of action. In this study, we determined the sensitivity profiles of Alternaria alternata, a fungal pathogen which can cause diseases in many crops to two fungicides (mancozeb and difenoconazole) with different mode of action using a large number of isolates (234) collected from seven potato fields across China. RESULTS We found that pathogens could also develop cross resistance to fungicides with different modes of action as indicated by a strong positive correlation between mancozeb and difenoconazole tolerances to A. alternata. We also found a positive association between mancozeb tolerance and aggressiveness of A. alternata, suggesting no fitness penalty of developing mancozeb resistance in the pathogen and hypothesize that mechanisms such as antimicrobial compound efflux and detoxification that limit intercellular accumulation of natural/synthetic chemicals in pathogens might account for the cross-resistance and the positive association between pathogen aggressiveness and mancozeb tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The detection of cross-resistance among different classes of fungicides suggests that the mode of action alone may not be an adequate sole criterion to determine what components to use in the mixture and/or rotation of fungicides in agricultural and medical sects. Similarly, the observation of a positive association between the pathogen's aggressiveness and tolerance to mancozeb suggests that intensive application of site non-specific fungicides might simultaneously lead to reduced fungicide resistance and enhanced ability to cause diseases in pathogen populations, thereby posing a greater threat to agricultural production and human health. In this case, the use of evolutionary principles in closely monitoring populations and the use of appropriate fungicide applications are important for effective use of the fungicides and durable infectious disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Yang
- Key Lab for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Meng-Han He
- Key Lab for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Bing Ouyang
- Key Lab for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Key Lab for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhe-Chao Pan
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Industrial Crops Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi-Jun Sui
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Industrial Crops Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Ping Shang
- Key Lab for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Rosenzweig N, Hanson LE, Mambetova S, Jiang QW, Guza C, Stewart J, Somohano P. Fungicide Sensitivity Monitoring of Alternaria spp. Causing Leaf Spot of Sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris) in the Upper Great Lakes. Plant Dis 2019; 103:2263-2270. [PMID: 31322489 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-18-2282-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria leaf spot (ALS), caused by Alternaria spp., can occur wherever sugarbeet is grown. Infection by Alternaria spp. and disease management has historically been considered a minor issue in sugarbeet production in the United States. An increase of both incidence and severity in 2016 of ALS high enough to cause yield loss has been observed in Michigan. With a renewed need to consider potential management of this disease, the sensitivity was determined for populations of Alternaria spp. to three classes of fungicides currently labeled for management of leaf spot on sugarbeet, including demethylase inhibitor (DMI), quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), and organo-tin fungicides. Leaves with symptoms of ALS were sampled from sugarbeet fields in east-central Michigan and southwestern Ontario, Canada. Monoconidial isolates were obtained to determine sensitivity to each fungicide class above. A spiral gradient dilution method was used to estimate the fungicide effective concentration (in milligrams per liter) that caused a 50% inhibition of fungal growth in vitro for all isolates. Significant temporal shifts were detected in the frequencies of sensitivity phenotypes to DMI and QoI but not organo-tin fungicides from 2016 through 2017. Individual isolates of Alternaria spp. were recovered with cross-resistance to DMI and multiple resistance to DMI, QoI, and triphenyltin hydroxide fungicides. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a fungus other than Cercospora beticola with resistance to organo-tin fungicides. Fungicide sensitivity monitoring indicates that an effective integrated disease management approach combining fungicide efficacy trials and monitoring pathogen biology is essential for developing effective resistance management recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rosenzweig
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - L E Hanson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - S Mambetova
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Q W Jiang
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - C Guza
- Michigan Sugar Company, Bay City, MI 48706
| | - J Stewart
- Michigan Sugar Company, Bay City, MI 48706
| | - P Somohano
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Shi Y, Si H, Wang P, Chen S, Shang S, Song Z, Wang Z, Liao S. Derivatization of Natural Compound β-Pinene Enhances Its In Vitro Antifungal Activity against Plant Pathogens. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173144. [PMID: 31470567 PMCID: PMC6749435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The development of new antifungal agents has always been a hot research topic in pesticide development. In this study, a series of derivatives of natural compound β-pinene were prepared, and the antifungal activities of these derivatives were evaluated. The purpose of this work is to develop some novel molecules as promising new fungicides. Methods: Through a variety of chemical reactions, β-pinene was transformed into a series of β-pinene-based derivatives containing amide moieties and acylthiourea moieties. The antifungal activities of these derivatives against five plant pathogens including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Alternaria kikuchiana, Phomopsis sp. and Phytophthora capsici were tested; preliminary structure–activity relationship was discussed. Results: Some derivatives exhibited moderate or significant antifungal activity due to the fusion of the amide moiety or the acylthiourea moiety with the pinane skeleton. The structure–activity relationship analysis showed that the fluorine atom and the strong electron withdrawing nitro group, or trifluoromethyl group on the benzene ring of the derivatives had a significant effect on the improvement of the antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Alternaria kikuchiana and Phomopsis sp. Meanwhile, the introduction of an ethyl group at the meta-position on the benzene ring of the derivatives could improve the antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici. Compounds 4e, 4h, 4q, 4r exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against the tested strains. Compound 4o had significant antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici (IC50 = 0.18 μmol/L). These derivatives were expected to be used as precursor molecules for novel pesticide development in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Shi
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau Woody Spice (East China) Engineering Technology Research Center; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau/Jiangxi Provincial Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center; Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hongyan Si
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau Woody Spice (East China) Engineering Technology Research Center; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau/Jiangxi Provincial Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center; Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau Woody Spice (East China) Engineering Technology Research Center; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau/Jiangxi Provincial Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center; Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shangxing Chen
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau Woody Spice (East China) Engineering Technology Research Center; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau/Jiangxi Provincial Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center; Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shibin Shang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zhanqian Song
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zongde Wang
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau Woody Spice (East China) Engineering Technology Research Center; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau/Jiangxi Provincial Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center; Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Shengliang Liao
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau Woody Spice (East China) Engineering Technology Research Center; National Forestry and Grassland Bureau/Jiangxi Provincial Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center; Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Joshi SM, De Britto S, Jogaiah S, Ito SI. Mycogenic Selenium Nanoparticles as Potential New Generation Broad Spectrum Antifungal Molecules. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E419. [PMID: 31466286 PMCID: PMC6769984 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current challenges of sustainable agricultural development augmented by global climate change have led to the exploration of new technologies like nanotechnology, which has potential in providing novel and improved solutions. Nanotools in the form of nanofertilizers and nanopesticides possess smart delivery mechanisms and controlled release capacity for active ingredients, thus minimizing excess run-off to water bodies. This study aimed to establish the broad spectrum antifungal activity of mycogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized from Trichoderma atroviride, and characterize the bioactive nanoparticles using UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The synthesized nanoparticles displayed excellent in vitro antifungal activity against Pyricularia grisea and inhibited the infection of Colletotrichum capsici and Alternaria solani on chili and tomato leaves at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm, respectively. The SEM-EDS analysis of the bioactive SeNPs revealed a spherical shape with sizes ranging from 60.48 nm to 123.16 nm. The nanoparticles also possessed the unique property of aggregating and binding to the zoospores of P. infestans at a concentration of 100 ppm, which was visualized using light microscope, atomic force microscopy, and electron microscopy. Thus, the present study highlights the practical application of SeNPs to manage plant diseases in an ecofriendly manner, due to their mycogenic synthesis and broad spectrum antifungal activity against different phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya M Joshi
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Studies in Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitha De Britto
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Studies in Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, The University of Goroka, Goroka 441, Papua New Guinea
| | - Sudisha Jogaiah
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Studies in Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shin-Ichi Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
- Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources (RCTMR), Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
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Ding S, Halterman DA, Meinholz K, Gevens AJ. Distribution and Stability of Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicide Resistance in Populations of Potato Pathogenic Alternaria spp. in Wisconsin. Plant Dis 2019; 103:2033-2040. [PMID: 31232655 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-18-1978-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides have been an important class in managing potato early blight caused by Alternaria solani and brown spot caused by A. alternata. Because of the single-site mode of action character of QoI fungicides, which are relied on for management of diseases in Wisconsin, and the abundant asexual conidia production of the Alternaria species, pathogen isolates with QoI resistance have been detected after just a few years of QoI fungicide usage in commercial production fields. Resistance to QoIs has been attributed to amino acid substitutions F129L and G143A in cytochrome b of A. solani and A. alternata, respectively, as a result of point mutations. The aim of this study was to assess Alternaria populations in Wisconsin for QoI resistance before and after fungicide applications in order to evaluate resistance stability. A TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assay was designed based on the sequences of the cytochrome b gene from Alternaria isolates collected in Wisconsin to profile QoI resistance in Alternaria populations as well as to explore factors that may influence frequency of QoI resistance in the pathogen populations. This assay successfully identified the mutations conferring QoI resistance in isolates collected from four locations each year from 2015 to 2017. During the course of this study, the frequency of A. solani isolates with the F129L mutation was consistently high and showed primarily the TTA mutation type. The frequency of A. alternata isolates with the G143A mutation started relatively low and increased at the end of the production season in each year (P = 0.0109, P = 0.2083, and P = 0.0159). A potato field managed without use of QoI fungicides showed a significantly lower (P < 0.05) frequency of A. alternata isolates carrying G143A than conventionally managed potato fields. The overall frequency of A. alternata isolates carrying G143A in the four locations was similar over the 3 years (P = 0.2971). The QoI resistance characteristics of the isolates were stable even when QoI selection pressure was removed for at least five subculture transfers, and the mutation types of codons 129 and 143 in the cytochrome b gene in A. solani and A. alternata, respectively, remained the same. This indicated that the application of QoIs in the field is not the sole factor responsible for the variation of the frequency of QoI resistance in the pathogen populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunping Ding
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- 2Wine and Viticulture Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
| | - Dennis A Halterman
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- 3Vegetable Crops Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kiana Meinholz
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Amanda J Gevens
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Zorzi Tomazoni E, Ribeiro RTS, Pauletti GF, Soares GLG, Schwambach J. Inhibition of Alternaria stem canker on tomato by essential oils from Baccharis species. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 54:781-790. [PMID: 31264925 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1633212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of four essential oils extracted from Baccharis articulata, Baccharis ochracea, Baccharis psiadioides and Baccharis trimera was tested against the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata, which causes Alternaria stem canker on tomatoes. Diseases caused by Alternaria fungi are responsible for great economic losses in terms of production and are controlled by synthetic fungicides; however, essential oils offer an alternative, since they have been proven to be effective for controlling against various plant pathogens. In this way, the antifungal activity of Baccharis essential oils was tested using potato dextrose agar medium with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 20.0 µL mL-1. Baccharis trimera and Baccharis ochracea essential oils presented 100% mycelial growth inhibition of A. alternata and were also able to control Alternaria stem canker disease under greenhouse conditions. Tomato plants treated with these essential oils exhibited area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values of 230.10 and 241.42, differing from the control condition, which showed an AUDPC value of 268.92. The essential oils of B. trimera and B. ochracea can be an alternative for controlling Alternaria stem canker disease of tomatoes and should be formulated as a potential fungicide against the A. alternata pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zorzi Tomazoni
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas , Caxias do Sul , RS , Brazil
| | - Rute T S Ribeiro
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas , Caxias do Sul , RS , Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Pauletti
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas , Caxias do Sul , RS , Brazil
| | - Geraldo L G Soares
- Department of Botany, Laboratory of Chemical Ecology and Chemotaxonomy (LEQTAX), Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Joséli Schwambach
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas , Caxias do Sul , RS , Brazil
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Zhang A, Yue Y, Yang Y, Yang J, Tao K, Jin H, Hou T. Discovery of N-(4-fluoro-2-(phenylamino)phenyl)-pyrazole-4-carboxamides as potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 158:175-184. [PMID: 31378354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an essential component of cellular respiratory chain and tricarboxylic acid (or Krebs) cycle, has been identified as one of the most significant targets for pharmaceutical and agrochemical. Herein, with the aim of discovery of new antifungal lead structures, a class of novel N-(4-fluoro-2-(phenylamino)phenyl)-pyrazole-4-carboxamides were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities. They were bioassayed against seven phytopathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora infestans, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Gibberella zeae, Alternaria alternate and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The results indicated that most of the compounds displayed good antifungal activities, especially against R. solani. Among them, compounds 7 and 12 exhibited higher antifungal activities against R. solani in vitro with EC50 value of 0.034 mg/L and 0.021 mg/L, being superior to the commercially available fungicide bixafen (EC50 = 0.043 mg/L). Pot tests against R. solani showed that in vivo EC50 values of compounds 7 (2.694 mg/L) and 12 (2.331 mg/L) were higher than that of bixafen (3.724 mg/L). In addition, inhibitory activity of compound 12 against SDH indicated compound 12 (IC50 = 1.836 mg/L) showed good inhibitory activity against SDH, being close to bixafen's inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.222 mg/L). And, molecular modeling of the SDH-compound 12 complex suggested that compound 12 could strongly bind to and interact with the binding site of the SDH. The results of the present work showed that N-(4-fluoro-2-(phenylamino)phenyl)-pyrazole-4-carboxamides were a new fungicides for discovery of SDH inhibitors and worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ke Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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Chen YH, Lu MH, Guo DS, Zhai YY, Miao D, Yue JY, Yuan CH, Zhao MM, An DR. Antifungal Effect of Magnolol and Honokiol from Magnolia officinalis on Alternaria alternata Causing Tobacco Brown Spot. Molecules 2019; 24:E2140. [PMID: 31174300 PMCID: PMC6600672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two phenol compounds, magnolol and honokiol, were extracted from Magnolia officinalis and identified by LC-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The magnolol and honokiol were shown to be effective against seven pathogenic fungi, including Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl, Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom, Alternaria dauci f.sp. solani, Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld, Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., Valsa mali Miyabe & G. Yamada, and Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn, with growth inhibition of more than 57%. We also investigated the mechanisms underlying the potential antifungal activity of magnolol and honokiol. The results showed that they inhibited the growth of A. alternata in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, magnolol and honokiol treatment resulted in distorted mycelia and increased the cell membrane permeability of A. alternata, as determined by conductivity measurements. These results suggest that magnolol and honokiol are potential antifungal agents for application against plant fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Han Chen
- College of Plant Protection and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- College of agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
| | - Mei-Huan Lu
- College of Plant Protection and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Microbial Resources of Research Center, Microbiology Institute of Shaanxi, Xian 710043, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Plant Protection and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Ying-Yan Zhai
- College of Plant Protection and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Dan Miao
- College of agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
| | - Jian-Ying Yue
- College of agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
| | - Chen-Hong Yuan
- College of Plant Protection and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Ming-Min Zhao
- College of agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
| | - De-Rong An
- College of Plant Protection and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Kumari M, Giri VP, Pandey S, Kumar M, Katiyar R, Nautiyal CS, Mishra A. An insight into the mechanism of antifungal activity of biogenic nanoparticles than their chemical counterparts. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 157:45-52. [PMID: 31153476 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the enhanced antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by cell free filtrate of Trichoderma viride (MTCC 5661) in comparison to chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (CSNP) of similar shape and size. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (BSNP) enhanced the reduction in dry weight by 20 and 48.8% of fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria brassicicola respectively in comparison to their chemical counterparts (CSNP). Nitroblue tetrazolium and Propidium iodide staining demonstrated the higher generation of superoxide radicals lead to higher death in BSNP treated fungus in comparison to CSNP. Scanning electron microscopy of A. brassicicola revealed the osmotic imbalance and membrane disintegrity to be major cause for fungal cell death after treatment with BSNP. To gain an insight into the mechanistic aspect of enhanced fungal cell death after treatment of BSNP in comparison to CSNP, stress responses and real time PCR analysis was carried out with A. brassicicola. It revealed that generation of ROS, downregulation of antioxidant machinery and oxidative enzymes, disruption of osmotic balance and cellular integrity, and loss of virulence are the mechanisms employed by BSNP which establishes them as superior antifungal agent than their chemical counterparts. With increasing drug resistance and ubiquitous presence of fungal pathogens in plant kingdom, BSNP bears the candidature for new generation of antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuree Kumari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ved P Giri
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India; Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Hasanganj, Lucknow 226 007, India
| | - Shipra Pandey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Ratna Katiyar
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Hasanganj, Lucknow 226 007, India
| | - Chandra S Nautiyal
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Aradhana Mishra
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Quiterio-Gutiérrez T, Ortega-Ortiz H, Cadenas-Pliego G, Hernández-Fuentes AD, Sandoval-Rangel A, Benavides-Mendoza A, Cabrera-de la Fuente M, Juárez-Maldonado A. The Application of Selenium and Copper Nanoparticles Modifies the Biochemical Responses of Tomato Plants under Stress by Alternaria solani. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1950. [PMID: 31010052 PMCID: PMC6514801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Early blight is a disease that greatly affects Solanaceae, mainly damaging tomato plants, and causing significant economic losses. Although there are methods of biological control, these are very expensive and often their mode of action is slow. Due to this, there is a need to use new techniques that allow a more efficient control of pathogens. Nanotechnology is a new alternative to solve these problems, allowing the creation of new tools for the treatment of diseases in plants, as well as the control of pathogens. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the foliar application of selenium and copper in the form of nanoparticles in a tomato crop infested by Alternaria solani. The severity of Alternaria solani, agronomic variables of the tomato crop, and the changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds were evaluated. The joint application of Se and Cu nanoparticles decreases the severity of this pathogen in tomato plants. Moreover, high doses generated an induction of the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in the leaves, and the enzyme GPX in the fruit. Regarding non-enzymatic compounds in the leaves, chlorophyll a, b, and totals were increased, whereas vitamin C, glutathione, phenols, and flavonoids were increased in fruits. The application of nanoparticles generated beneficial effects by increasing the enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and decreasing the severity of Alternaria solani in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasa Quiterio-Gutiérrez
- Maestría en Ciencias en Horticultura, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo COA 25315, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Sandoval-Rangel
- Departamento de Horticultura, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo COA 25315, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Antonio Juárez-Maldonado
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo COA 25315, Mexico.
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Shams MV, Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Ismaili A, Shirzadian-Khorramabad R. Production of a Recombinant Dermaseptin Peptide in Nicotiana tabacum Hairy Roots with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:241-252. [PMID: 30649664 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Expression of strong antimicrobial peptides in plants is of great interest to combat a wide range of plant pathogens. To bring the Dermaseptin B1 (DrsB1) peptide to the intimate contact of the plant pathogens cell wall surface, the DrsB1 encoding sequence was fused to the C-terminal part of the two copies of the chitin-binding domain (CBD) of the Avr4 effector protein and used for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. The expression of the recombinant protein in the tobacco hairy roots (HRs) was confirmed by molecular analysis. Antimicrobial activity analysis of the recombinant protein purified from the transgenic HRs showed that the (CBD)2-DrsB1 recombinant protein had a significant (p < 0.01) antimicrobial effect on the growth of different fungal and bacterial pathogens. The results of this study indicated that the recombinant protein had a higher antifungal activity against chitin-producing Alternaria alternata than Pythium spp. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the recombinant protein led to fungal hypha deformation, fragmentation, and agglutination of growing hypha, possibly by dissociating fungal cell wall components. In vitro evidences suggest that the expression of the (CBD)2-DrsB1 recombinant protein in plants by generating transgenic lines is a promising approach to produce disease-resistant plants, resistance to chitin-producing pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Varasteh Shams
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ismaili
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Reza Shirzadian-Khorramabad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
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Yuan S, Li W, Li Q, Wang L, Cao J, Jiang W. Defense Responses, Induced by p-Coumaric Acid and Methyl p-Coumarate, of Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruit against Black Spot Rot Caused by Alternaria alternata. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:2801-2810. [PMID: 30794401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The esterified fraction of jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) peel extract showed strong antifungal activity on Alternaria alternata. p-Coumaric acid (pCA) was found to be the most predominant individual phenolic acid that was correlated highly with the antifungal activity of the esterified fraction. Thus, effects of postharvest treatments with pCA and its simplest esterified derivative methyl p-coumarate (MeCA) against black spot rot on jujube fruit caused by A. alternata were investigated. pCA and MeCA strongly suppressed in vitro growth of the fungus and significantly reduced postharvest Alternaria rot on fresh jujubes. Biochemical and transcriptional analysis revealed that pCA and MeCA regulated the expression of some genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and their enzymatic activities, enhanced the phenylpropanoid pathway metabolism, and activated the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. These results suggested that, apart from its direct antifungal activity, pCA and MeCA induced defense responses in jujube fruit against postharvest Alternaria rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Wusun Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghua Donglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
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Nepomuceno DB, Lima DV, Silva MO, Porto JCS, Mobin M. Evaluation of disinfectants in order to eliminate fungal contamination in computer keyboards of an integrated health center in Piauí, Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:608. [PMID: 30255210 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This quantitative and qualitative study aimed to evaluate the level of fungal contamination in computer keyboards from an Integrated Health Center (IHC) at Piauí, Brazil, and to evaluate the efficacy of 50% sodium bicarbonate and 50% alcoholic vinegar solutions to eliminate these microorganisms. Ten keyboards from six sectors of the IHC were chosen randomly, and the collection was performed in three situations: (i) before of disinfection, (ii) after disinfection with solution of sodium bicarbonate, and (iii) after disinfection with solution of alcoholic vinegar. Samples were inoculated in Petri dishes with dextrose agar potato plus chloramphenicol and incubated at room temperature for 72 h. All keyboards were contaminated with opportunistic fungi, with Cladosporium cladosporioides (29.4%) being the most frequent species, followed by Curvularia lunata (17.6%) and Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, and Curvularia clavata with 11.8% each. The two solutions were proven to be efficient in eliminating fungal contamination; however, the sodium bicarbonate solution caused esthetic damages in keyboards. In addition, this study is the first report of the antifungal activity of alcoholic vinegar in filamentous fungi. Based on our findings, we suggest a daily disinfection of keyboards with a 50% vinegar solution plus adequate hygiene from the hands of professionals before and after the use of the computer and its annexes, as key actions to reduce nosocomial infections, particularly in economically disadvantaged countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Barguil Nepomuceno
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Denise Vaz Lima
- Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí-UNINOVAFAPI, Centro Universitário de Saúde, Rua Vitorino Orthiges Fernandes, 6123, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Mariel Osório Silva
- Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí-UNINOVAFAPI, Centro Universitário de Saúde, Rua Vitorino Orthiges Fernandes, 6123, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jhonatas Cley Santos Porto
- Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí-UNINOVAFAPI, Centro Universitário de Saúde, Rua Vitorino Orthiges Fernandes, 6123, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Mitra Mobin
- Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí-UNINOVAFAPI, Centro Universitário de Saúde, Rua Vitorino Orthiges Fernandes, 6123, Teresina, Brazil.
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Obydennov KL, Khamidullina LA, Galushchinskiy AN, Shatunova SA, Kosterina MF, Kalinina TA, Fan Z, Glukhareva TV, Morzherin YY. Discovery of Methyl (5 Z)-[2-(2,4,5-Trioxopyrrolidin-3-ylidene)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]acetates as Antifungal Agents against Potato Diseases. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:6239-6245. [PMID: 29807429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, isomerism, and fungicidal activity against potato diseases of new (5 Z)-[2-(2,4,5-trioxopyrrolidin-3-ylidene)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]acetate derivatives with 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one and pyrrolidine-2,3,5-trione moieties linked by an exocyclic C═C bond were described. Their structures were clearly confirmed by spectroscopic and spectrometric data (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry), elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction crystallography. A bioassay for antifungal activity in vitro against Phytophthora infestans, Fusariun solani, Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, and Colletotrichum coccodes demonstrated that 2,4,5-trioxopyrrolidin-1,3-thiazolidine derivatives exhibited a relatively broad spectrum of antifungal activity. One of the compounds showed considerable activity against all of the strains; in the case of F. solani, P. infestans, and A. solani, it possesses comparable or better fungicidal efficacy than the positive control Consento. Consequently, this compound is a promising fungicidal candidate for plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliya A Khamidullina
- Ural Federal University , 19 Mira Street , Ekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis , Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS) , 22 Sofia Kovalevskaya Street , Ekaterinburg 620990 , Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuri Yu Morzherin
- Ural Federal University , 19 Mira Street , Ekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
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47
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Abstract
Fruit body rot and calyx rot caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali has recently become a severe disease of Pink Lady apple in Israel. Severe fruit rot caused by A. alternata f. sp. mali has not been reported elsewhere in the world, and control measures are not currently known. Our objective was to determine the peak periods of susceptibility and develop methods to manage the disease by timing fungicide applications according to fruit phenological stage. We determined the relationship between fruit phenological stage and rot susceptibility by (i) monitoring the appearance of first fruit symptoms in the orchard; (ii) inoculating detached and attached fruit in the laboratory and orchard, respectively, at various time intervals after petal fall; and (iii) starting fungicide applications at various time intervals after petal fall. Fruit of Pink Lady acquired susceptibility to the disease at about 115 days after petal fall (DAPF) when reaching a diameter of ≥55 mm. Based on these findings, a new spray strategy was adopted involving a limited number of 4 to 6 foliar sprays of azoxystrobin + difenoconazole or tebuconazole + captan, or their alternation, starting at 115 DAPF. This strategy provided excellent control of both body rot and calyx rot in Pink Lady apple fruit in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Gur
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Katzrin 12900, Israel; and Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | - Yigal Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University
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Ghosh SK, Banerjee S, Pal S, Chakraborty N. Encountering epidemic effects of leaf spot disease (Alternaria brassicae) on Aloe vera by fungal biocontrol agents in agrifields-An ecofriendly approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193720. [PMID: 29579070 PMCID: PMC5868775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. is a highly important and extensively cultivated medicinal plant and that is also extensively used in the cosmetic industry. It has been frequently reported to suffer from Alternaria leaf spot disease in various parts of the world. Various fungicides used to combat this disease, have deleterious effects on the environment and on pharmacologically important constituents of Aloe vera. To avoid the harmful effects of fungicides an ecofriendly approach has been adopted here. A weekly survey was conducted during 2013-2015 in and around North 24 Parganas (West Bengal) to obtain the percentage of disease index (PDI). For biological control of the disease, screening of the antagonistic efficacy of biocontrol agents was carried out through the in vitro dual-culture-plate method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the mechanism. The in vitro effects of fungicides on the radial growth of the pathogen were evaluated through the poison food method and were compared with potent antagonistic fungi. Field application of potent antagonistic fungi was conducted through the dip-and-spray method. The results showed that, the PDI peaked during the hot and humid conditions of May to September (76.57%-98.57%) but decreased during the winter, December-January (35.71-46.66%). Trichoderma asperellum exerted the greatest inhibition of the radial growth of A. brassicae acting through non volatile (70.39%) and volatile metabolites (72.17%). A SEM study confirmed the hyperparasitic nature of T. asperellum through hyphal coiling-T. asperellum was similar to 2% blitox-50 (73.92%) and better than 2% bavistin (59.77%) (in vitro). In agricultural field trials (2013-15), Trichoderma application restricted the disease to the smallest area (PDI 24.00-29.33%) in comparison to untreated plots (73.33%). In conclusion, saplings treated with the dip method (108 spores / mL) and sprayed 4 times with a spore suspension of biocontrol agents such as T. asperellum, T. viride and T. harzianum, standardized at a rate of 2.5 L / plot (36 sq ft) (108 spores/ mL) are suggested for the ecofriendly management of this epidemic leaf spot disease of Aloe vera in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan Kumar Ghosh
- Post-Graduate Dept. of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Subhankar Banerjee
- Post-Graduate Dept. of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujoy Pal
- Post-Graduate Dept. of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Niloy Chakraborty
- Post-Graduate Dept. of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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49
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Abstract
Resistance to chemistries of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibiting (SDHI) and quinone outside inhibiting (QoI) fungicides has developed rapidly in populations of Alternaria solani, the cause of early blight of potato. Reduced sensitivity to the anilinopyrimidine (AP) fungicide pyrimethanil has also been identified recently, determining that resistance to three chemical classes of fungicides is present within the A. solani population. Although no mutations have been characterized to confer resistance to APs, in A. solani five point mutations on three AsSdh genes have been determined to convey resistance to SDHIs, and the substitution of phenylalanine with leucine at position 129 (F129L) in the cytb gene confers resistance to QoIs. The objective of this study was to investigate the parasitic fitness of A. solani isolates with resistance to one or more of these chemical classes. A total of 120 A. solani isolates collected from various geographical locations around the United States were chosen for in vitro assessment, and 60 of these isolates were further evaluated in vivo. Fitness parameters measured were (i) spore germination in vitro, (ii) mycelial expansion in vitro, and (iii) aggressiveness in vivo. No significant differences in spore germination or mycelial expansion (P = 0.44 and 0.51, respectively) were observed among wild-type and fungicide-resistant isolates in vitro. Only A. solani isolates possessing the D123E mutation were shown to be significantly more aggressive in vivo (P < 0.0001) compared with wild-type isolates. These results indicate that fungicide-resistant A. solani isolates have no significant fitness penalties compared with sensitive isolates under the parameters evaluated regardless of the presence or absence of reduced sensitivity to multiple chemical classes. Results of these studies suggest that A. solani isolates with multiple fungicide resistances may compete successfully with wild-type isolates under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Bauske
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58105
| | - Neil C Gudmestad
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58105
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Bauske MJ, Yellareddygari SKR, Gudmestad NC. Potential Impact of Fluopyram on the Frequency of the D123E Mutation in Alternaria solani. Plant Dis 2018; 102:656-665. [PMID: 30673489 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-17-0853-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase-inhibiting (SDHI) fungicides have been widely applied in commercial potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) fields for the control of early blight, caused by Alternaria solani Sorauer. Five-point mutations on three AsSdh genes in A. solani have been identified as conferring resistance to SDHI fungicides. Recent work in our laboratory determined that A. solani isolates possessing the D123E mutation, or the substitution of aspartic acid for glutamic acid at position 123 in the AsSdhD gene, were collected at successively higher frequencies throughout a 3-year survey. In total, 118 A. solani isolates previously characterized as possessing the D123E mutation were evaluated in vitro for boscalid and fluopyram sensitivity. Over 80% of A. solani isolates with the D123E mutation evaluated were determined to be highly resistant to boscalid in vitro. However, effective concentration at which the fungal growth is inhibited by 50% values of isolates with the D123E mutation to fluopyram, ranging from 0.2 to 3 µg/ml, were sensitive and only slightly higher than those of baseline isolates to fluopyram, which ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 µg/ml. Five A. solani isolates with the D123E mutation were further evaluated in vivo for percent disease control obtained from boscalid and fluopyram compared with two wild-type isolates, three isolates possessing the F129L mutation, two isolates possessing the H134R mutation, two isolates possessing the H133R mutation, and one isolate with the H278R mutation. Relative area under the dose response curve values for boscalid and fluopyram were significantly lower for all five D123E-mutant isolates, demonstrating reduced disease control in vivo. In field trials, the frequency of A. solani isolates with the D123E mutation recovered from treatments receiving an in-furrow application of fluopyram ranged from 5 to 37%, which was significantly higher compared with treatments receiving foliar applications of standard protectants, in which the frequency of the D123E mutation in isolates ranged from 0 to 2.5%. Results suggest that A. solani isolates possessing the D123E mutation have a selective advantage under the application of fluopyram compared with SDHI-sensitive isolates, as well as isolates possessing other mutations conferring SDHI resistance. These data illustrate the importance of implementing fungicide resistance management strategies and cautions the use of fluopyram for in-furrow applications that target other pathogens of potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Bauske
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
| | | | - Neil C Gudmestad
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
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