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Amin I, Nazir R, Rather MA. Evaluation of multi-heavy metal tolerance traits of soil-borne fungi for simultaneous removal of hazardous metals. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:175. [PMID: 38647735 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The demand for environment-friendly cleanup techniques has arisen due to an increase in environmental pollutants. Fungi is the most prevalent and effective class of heavy metal-resistant microorganisms with the ability to leach metals. The objective of the present study was to isolate the fungi from the agricultural soil of Kashmir valley, investigate their multi-metal tolerance to heavy metals and evaluate the metal uptake capacities of the resistant fungi. The fungi were isolated and identified on the basis of morphological and molecular approach (ITS1 and ITS4). The tolerance limits of the isolated fungal strains to various doses of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) was evaluated. Five fungal strains, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus fischeri, Epicoccum mackenziei were isolated from the soil samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the study of metal resistance of Aspergillus fischeri and Epicoccum mackenziei. Among the identified fungal species, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum were found to be most tolerant with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 600 ppm against Cu and Cr respectively. Results indicated removal of considerable amount of heavy metals by some of the fungi. The highest metal uptake of 8.31 mg/g was found in Fusarium verticillioides for Zn. Surprisingly, these fungal strains demonstrated resistance to metal concentrations above the levels that are universally acceptable for polluted soils, and hence prove to be appealing contenders for use as bioremediation agents for cleaning up heavy metal-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Amin
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Ruqeya Nazir
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Rather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Srinagar, 190006, India
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Yu P, Du J, Cao C, Cai G, Sun J, Wu D, Lu J. Development of a novel multi-strain wheat Qu with high enzyme activities for Huangjiu fermentation. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4808-4817. [PMID: 33502765 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat Qu has long been used as a fermentation starter to produce Huangjiu. Wheat Qu quality depends on its microbial community structure and the hydrolytic enzymes generated by the micro-organisms. RESULTS Strain YF1 and YF2 were successfully screened as they exhibited high acidic protease (231.9 ± 1.4 U g-1 ) and cellulase (7.1 ± 0.6 U g-1 ) activities. Based on a morphological and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene, YF1 and YF2 were identified as Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus niger, respectively. Cooked wheat Qu was produced using mixed fungal starter fermentations with Aspergillus oryzae SU-16, YF1, and YF2. For Qu-making, the optimized conditions for fermentation time, water content, and inoculum size were 47.8 h, 69.4%, and 6.1%, respectively. Under these conditions, compared with single-strain cooked wheat Qu, enzyme activities of amylase, acidic protease, and cellulase increased by 27.4%, 657.1%, and 1276.2%, respectively. Short peptides and free amino acids contents increased by 19.6% and 131.8%, respectively. This wheat Qu was used for Huangjiu brewing, and the alcohol content increased by approximately 14.6% because of the increased starch hydrolysis efficiency mainly attributed to its high enzyme activity. CONCLUSION Using mixed fungal strains as starter cultures may be an efficient strategy to improve wheat Qu quality, with great potential for application in industrial Huangjiu production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peibin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Technologies, Jiangsu Yiming Biological Co., Ltd, Taizhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Guolin Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Junyong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Dianhui Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
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Allison CL, Moskaluk A, VandeWoude S, Reynolds MM. Detection of glucosamine as a marker for Aspergillus niger: a potential screening method for fungal infections. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2933-2941. [PMID: 33615396 PMCID: PMC8043943 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several species of fungus from the genus Aspergillus are implicated in pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients. Broad screening methods for fungal infections are desirable, as cultures require a considerable amount of time to provide results. Herein, we developed degradation and detection methods to produce and detect D-glucosamine (GlcN) from Aspergillus niger, a species of filamentous fungus. Ultimately, these techniques hold the potential to contribute to the diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. In the following studies, we produced GlcN from fungal-derived chitin to serve as a marker for Aspergillus niger. To accomplish this, A. niger cells were lysed and subjected to a hydrochloric acid degradation protocol. Products were isolated, reconstituted in aqueous solutions, and analyzed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in tandem with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our results indicated that GlcN was produced from A. niger. To validate these results, products obtained via fungal degradation were compared to products obtained from the degradation of two chitin polymers. The observed retention times and mass spectral extractions provided a two-step validation confirming that GlcN was produced from fungal-derived chitin. Our studies qualitatively illustrate that GlcN can be produced from A. niger; applying these methods to a more diverse range of fungi offers the potential to render a broad screening method for fungal detection pertinent to diagnosis of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Allison
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1801 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Alex Moskaluk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Melissa M Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1801 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, 1376 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Kouipou Toghueo RM, Kemgne EAM, Sahal D, Yadav M, Kenou Kagho DU, Yang B, Baker BJ, Boyom FF. Specialized antiplasmodial secondary metabolites from Aspergillus niger 58, an endophytic fungus from Terminalia catappa. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 269:113672. [PMID: 33301916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Terminalia catappa L. (West Indian-Almond) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Moreover, various organic extracts prepared from this plant have been reported to exhibit antiplasmodial activity. AIM OF THE STUDY The need for new antimalarials is still an urgency driven by the alarmingly high burden of malaria in endemic regions, with multitude of people dying annually. We have previously identified an endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger 58 harboured by T. catappa as having promising specialized secondary metabolites against the malaria parasites. In the present study, we report the antiplasmodial activity-guided chromatographic isolation of some metabolites secreted by this endophytic fungus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SYBR Green I-based fluorescence microtiter plate assay was used to monitor the growth of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in culture in the presence and absence of inhibitors and results were validated by microscopic analysis of Giemsa-stained culture smears. Giemsa-stain microscopy was also used to study the cell cycle stage-specific action of selected fractions. RESULTS The results revealed that the multidimensional purification of the crude extract (IC50: 4.03 μg/mL) provided RPHPLC F17 (IC50: 0.09 μg/mL) and RPHPLC F18 (IC50: 0.1 μg/mL) with activity against P. falciparum 3D7 (Pf3D7) strain. Moreover, both fractions at IC99 (0.5 μg/mL) exhibited multi-stages action by targeting all the three stages of the life cycle of blood-stage Pf3D7. Two compounds, flavasperone (1) and aurasperone A (2) were isolated, of which aurasperone A exhibited good potency against Pf3D7 (IC50: 4.17 μM) and P. falciparum INDO (PfINDO) (IC50: 3.08 μM). CONCLUSION Our study adds credence to the notion that endophytic extracts are potential storehouses for potent specialized secondary metabolites that can be harnessed to fight the malaria parasite and reduce the burden of this disease worldwide. An endophyte that can be cultured in laboratory with ability to secrete promising metabolites of medicinal value holds the promise of conserving Nature from the threat of annihilation of flora for medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eugenie Aimée M Kemgne
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mamta Yadav
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Donald Ulrich Kenou Kagho
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bingjie Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620-9951, USA
| | - Bill J Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620-9951, USA
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Fang Q, Du M, Chen J, Liu T, Zheng Y, Liao Z, Zhong Q, Wang L, Fang X, Wang J. Degradation and Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Tea-Derived Aspergillus niger RAF106. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120777. [PMID: 33291337 PMCID: PMC7762301 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation is an effective and attractive method for eliminating aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is severely toxic to humans and animals. In this study, Aspergillus niger RAF106 could effectively degrade AFB1 when cultivated in Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) with contents of AFB1 ranging from 0.1 to 4 μg/mL. Treatment with yeast extract as a nitrogen source stimulated the degradation, but treatment with NaNO3 and NaNO2 as nitrogen sources and lactose and sucrose as carbon sources suppressed the degradation. Moreover, A. niger RAF106 still degraded AFB1 at initial pH values that ranged from 4 to 10 and at cultivation temperatures that ranged from 25 to 45 °C. In addition, intracellular enzymes or proteins with excellent thermotolerance were verified as being able to degrade AFB1 into metabolites with low or no mutagenicity. Furthermore, genomic sequence analysis indicated that the fungus was considered to be safe owing to the absence of virulence genes and the gene clusters for the synthesis of mycotoxins. These results indicate that A. niger RAF106 and its intracellular enzymes or proteins have a promising potential to be applied commercially in the processing and industry of food and feed to detoxify AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian’an Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.F.); (M.D.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Minru Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.F.); (M.D.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.F.); (M.D.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Tong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.F.); (M.D.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Yong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.F.); (M.D.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhenlin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.F.); (M.D.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.F.); (M.D.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.F.); (M.D.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.F.); (M.D.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (J.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.F.); (M.D.); (J.C.); (T.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.W.)
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (J.W.)
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Tozzi P, Kampouri EE, Tzimas G, Prior JO, Monney P, Kamani C, Lamoth F. COVID-19 Pandemics: A Surprising Link to Bread Flour With Collateral Damage to a Prosthetic Heart Valve. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:e011395. [PMID: 33003958 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.120.011395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Tozzi
- Cardiac Surgery Division (P.T.), Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleftheria Evdokia Kampouri
- Infectious Diseases Division and Institute of Microbiology (E.E.K., F.L.), Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Tzimas
- Cardiology Service (G.T., P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John O Prior
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department (J.O.P., C.K.), Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Monney
- Cardiology Service (G.T., P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christel Kamani
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department (J.O.P., C.K.), Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Lamoth
- Infectious Diseases Division and Institute of Microbiology (E.E.K., F.L.), Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zuo T, Zhan H, Zhang F, Liu Q, Tso EYK, Lui GCY, Chen N, Li A, Lu W, Chan FKL, Chan PKS, Ng SC. Alterations in Fecal Fungal Microbiome of Patients With COVID-19 During Time of Hospitalization until Discharge. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1302-1310.e5. [PMID: 32598884 PMCID: PMC7318920 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects intestinal cells, and might affect the intestinal microbiota. We investigated changes in the fecal fungal microbiomes (mycobiome) of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during hospitalization and on recovery. METHODS We performed deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing analysis of fecal samples from 30 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong, from February 5 through May 12, 2020. Fecal samples were collected 2 to 3 times per week from time of hospitalization until discharge. We compared fecal mycobiome compositions of patients with COVID-19 with those from 9 subjects with community-acquired pneumonia and 30 healthy individuals (controls). We assessed fecal mycobiome profiles throughout time of hospitalization until clearance of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal samples. RESULTS Patients with COVID-19 had significant alterations in their fecal mycobiomes compared with controls, characterized by enrichment of Candia albicans and a highly heterogeneous mycobiome configuration, at time of hospitalization. Although fecal mycobiomes of 22 patients with COVID-19 did not differ significantly from those of controls during times of hospitalization, 8 of 30 patients with COVID-19 had continued significant differences in fecal mycobiome composition, through the last sample collected. The diversity of the fecal mycobiome of the last sample collected from patients with COVID-19 was 2.5-fold higher than that of controls (P < .05). Samples collected at all timepoints from patients with COVID-19 had increased proportions of opportunistic fungal pathogens, Candida albicans, Candida auris, and Aspergillus flavus compared with controls. Two respiratory-associated fungal pathogens, A. flavus and Aspergillus niger, were detected in fecal samples from a subset of patients with COVID-19, even after clearance of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal samples and resolution of respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In a pilot study, we found heterogeneous configurations of the fecal mycobiome, with enrichment of fungal pathogens from the genera Candida and Aspergillus, during hospitalization of 30 patients with COVID-19 compared with controls. Unstable gut mycobiomes and prolonged dysbiosis persisted in a subset of patients with COVID-19 up to 12 days after nasopharyngeal clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Studies are needed to determine whether alterations in intestinal fungi contribute to or result from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the effects of these changes in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zuo
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Zhan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eugene Y K Tso
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace C Y Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy Li
- State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenqi Lu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Mannix
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Marlin
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, John R Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ilene Rothman
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, John R Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shamim Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Koff
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maricar Malinis
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Zhang J, Wang L, Luan C, Liu G, Liu J, Zhong Y. Establishment of a rapid and effective plate chromogenic assay for screening of Aspergillus species with high β-fructofuranosidase activity for fructooligosaccharides production. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 166:105740. [PMID: 31614171 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are commonly regarded as prebiotics and used as components of functional foods. Currently, the industrial sucrose-to-FOS biotransformation is mainly carried out using the microbial-derived β-fructofuranosidases with transglycosylation activity as catalysts. Evaluation of the ability of a microorganism to produce β-fructofuranosidase is commonly conducted by measuring enzyme activity. However, the traditional method requires several steps to identify strains with high β-fructofuranosidase activity, which is not suitable for high-throughput screening. To facilitate screening of a large number of microbial cultures, this study developed a plate chromogenic assay method based on the glucose oxidase (GOD) - peroxidase (POD) bienzymatic system for screening of β-fructofuranosidase-producing fungal strains and predicting their potential to produce FOS. This method used the amount of glucose released from sucrose as indicator to form clear pink halos around the microbial colonies with β-fructofuranosidase activity. Cultivation conditions for the plate assay were optimized as cultivation time 5 h and spore inoculum concentration 108/ml. Moreover, the method was applied to screening of an Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611 mutant library. The mutant A11 displaying the largest pink halo was screened out and its β-fructofuranosidase activity was determined to be 1.65 fold than that of the parental strain. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) assay further indicated that A11 with the largest halo possessed the highest FOS synthesis ability. These results demonstrated the potential of this plate chromogyenic assay method in the rapid and effective identification of excellent FOS producers from a large number of strain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Department of Science and Technology Management, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Department of Science and Technology Management, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chong Luan
- Zibo Center Hospital, Zi Bo, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Zibo Center Hospital, Zi Bo, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Department of Science and Technology Management, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Yaohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Department of Science and Technology Management, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China.
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11
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Mbareche H, Veillette M, Teertstra W, Kegel W, Bilodeau GJ, Wösten HAB, Duchaine C. Recovery of Fungal Cells from Air Samples: a Tale of Loss and Gain. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02941-18. [PMID: 30824432 PMCID: PMC6495771 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02941-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limitations in establishing a direct link between fungal exposure and health effects due to the methodology used, among other reasons. Culture methods ignore the nonviable/uncultivable fraction of airborne fungi. Molecular methods allow for a better understanding of the environmental health impacts of microbial communities. However, there are challenges when applying these techniques to bioaerosols, particularly to fungal cells. This study reveals that there is a loss of fungal cells when samples are recovered from air using wet samplers and aimed to create and test an improved protocol for concentrating mold spores via filtration prior to DNA extraction. Results obtained using the new technique showed that up to 3 orders of magnitude more fungal DNA was retrieved from the samples using quantitative PCR. A sequencing approach with MiSeq revealed a different diversity profile depending on the methodology used. Specifically, 8 fungal families out of 19 families tested were highlighted to be differentially abundant in centrifuged and filtered samples. An experiment using laboratory settings showed the same spore loss during centrifugation for Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roquefortii strains. We believe that this work helped identify and address fungal cell loss during processing of air samples, including centrifugation steps, and propose an alternative method for a more accurate evaluation of fungal exposure and diversity.IMPORTANCE This work shed light on a significant issue regarding the loss of fungal spores when recovered from air samples using liquid medium and centrifugation to concentrate air particles before DNA extraction. We provide proof that the loss affects the overall fungal diversity of aerosols and that some taxa are differentially more affected than others. Furthermore, a laboratory experiment confirmed the environmental results obtained during field sampling. The filtration protocol described in this work offers a better description of the fungal diversity of aerosols and should be used in fungal aerosol studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mbareche
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Veillette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wieke Teertstra
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Kegel
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume J Bilodeau
- Pathogen Identification Research Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Han A B Wösten
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Jin N, Liu SM, Peng H, Huang WK, Kong LA, Wu YH, Chen YP, Ge FY, Jian H, Peng DL. Isolation and characterization of Aspergillus niger NBC001 underlying suppression against Heterodera glycines. Sci Rep 2019; 9:591. [PMID: 30679719 PMCID: PMC6345943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterodera glycines is the most pervasive soybean pests worldwide. Biocontrol provides a strategy to sustainably control nematodes. In this study, 22 fungal isolates were obtained and identified from cysts of Heterodera spp. Among them, Aspergillus niger NBC001 showed high nematicidal activity against H. glycines. The 2-fold dilution of NBC001 culture filtrate caused 89% mortality of second-stage juveniles and inhibited more than 98% of egg hatching in vitro. In both pot and field experiments, the numbers of H. glycines cysts in soybean seedlings dressed with the the 5-fold concentrated culture filtrate of NBC001 were significantly reduced by 43% and 28%, respectively. In addition, application of NBC001 remarkably reduced the penetration of nematodes into the roots. Histochemical and fluorometric staining analyses indicate that application of NBC001 stimulated hydrogen peroxide activity in the roots and triggered callose deposition in the leaves and roots. Transcription of the PR1a and EREBP genes in the salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways was upregulated in soybean plants treated with NBC001. However, the application of concentrated culture filtrate of NBC001 had no significant impacts on the soil microbial community based on next generation DNA sequencing technology. In summary, NBC001 may be a good biocontrol agent against H. glycines via stimulation of the immunity/defense of the plant host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-An Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Huan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Pan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Yong Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Jian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - De-Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Yin ZN, Wu WJ, Sun CZ, Liu HF, Chen WB, Zhan QP, Lei ZG, Xin X, Ma JJ, Yao K, Min T, Zhang MM, Wu H. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Capacity of Ferulic Acid Released from Wheat Bran by Solid-state Fermentation of Aspergillus niger. Biomed Environ Sci 2019; 32:11-21. [PMID: 30696535 DOI: 10.3967/bes2019.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A strain of Aspergillus niger (A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain (FA-WB) were evaluated. METHODS Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity. RESULTS The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species (ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-a, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CONCLUSION Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Na Yin
- Biotechnology, guangdong polytechnic science and trade, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Jia Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Zhen Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Fan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Bo Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Ping Zhan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuo Gui Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Xin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Juan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Meng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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14
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Nepomuceno DB, Lima DV, Silva MO, Porto JCS, Mobin M. Evaluation of disinfectants in order to eliminate fungal contamination in computer keyboards of an integrated health center in Piauí, Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:608. [PMID: 30255210 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This quantitative and qualitative study aimed to evaluate the level of fungal contamination in computer keyboards from an Integrated Health Center (IHC) at Piauí, Brazil, and to evaluate the efficacy of 50% sodium bicarbonate and 50% alcoholic vinegar solutions to eliminate these microorganisms. Ten keyboards from six sectors of the IHC were chosen randomly, and the collection was performed in three situations: (i) before of disinfection, (ii) after disinfection with solution of sodium bicarbonate, and (iii) after disinfection with solution of alcoholic vinegar. Samples were inoculated in Petri dishes with dextrose agar potato plus chloramphenicol and incubated at room temperature for 72 h. All keyboards were contaminated with opportunistic fungi, with Cladosporium cladosporioides (29.4%) being the most frequent species, followed by Curvularia lunata (17.6%) and Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, and Curvularia clavata with 11.8% each. The two solutions were proven to be efficient in eliminating fungal contamination; however, the sodium bicarbonate solution caused esthetic damages in keyboards. In addition, this study is the first report of the antifungal activity of alcoholic vinegar in filamentous fungi. Based on our findings, we suggest a daily disinfection of keyboards with a 50% vinegar solution plus adequate hygiene from the hands of professionals before and after the use of the computer and its annexes, as key actions to reduce nosocomial infections, particularly in economically disadvantaged countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Barguil Nepomuceno
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-UFMG, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Denise Vaz Lima
- Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí-UNINOVAFAPI, Centro Universitário de Saúde, Rua Vitorino Orthiges Fernandes, 6123, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Mariel Osório Silva
- Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí-UNINOVAFAPI, Centro Universitário de Saúde, Rua Vitorino Orthiges Fernandes, 6123, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jhonatas Cley Santos Porto
- Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí-UNINOVAFAPI, Centro Universitário de Saúde, Rua Vitorino Orthiges Fernandes, 6123, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Mitra Mobin
- Ciências Humanas e Tecnológicas do Piauí-UNINOVAFAPI, Centro Universitário de Saúde, Rua Vitorino Orthiges Fernandes, 6123, Teresina, Brazil.
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15
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Hernández C, Milagres AMF, Vázquez-Marrufo G, Muñoz-Páez KM, García-Pérez JA, Alarcón E. An ascomycota coculture in batch bioreactor is better than polycultures for cellulase production. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:467-478. [PMID: 29423709 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Efficient hydrolysis of holocellulose depends on a proper balance between cellulase (endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase) and xylanase activities. The present study aimed to induce the production of cellulases and xylanases using liquid cultures (one, two, three, and four fungal strains on the same bioreactor) of wild strains of Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum. The strains were identified by amplification and analysis of the ITS rDNA region and the obtained sequences were deposited in Genbank. Enzymes (endoglucanase, exoglucansae, β-glucosidase, and xylanase activities) and the profile of extracellular protein isoforms (SDS-PAGE) produced by different fungal combinations (N = 14) were analyzed by Pearson's correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA). According to our results, induction of endoglucanase (19.02%) and β-glucosidase (6.35%) were obtained after 4 days when A. niger and F. oxysporum were cocultured. The combination of A. niger-T. harzianum produced higher endoglucanase in a shorter time than monocultures. On the contrary, when more than two strains were cultured in the same reactor, the relationships of competition were established, trending to diminish the amount of enzymes and the extracellular protein isoforms produced. The xylanase production was sensible to stress produced by mixed cultures, decreasing their activity. This is important when the aim is to produce cellulase-free xylanase. In addition, exoglucanase activity did not change in the combinations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida de las culturas veracruzanas no. 101, colonia Emiliano Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Adriane M F Milagres
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Escola de engenharia de Lorena (EEL), Universidade de São Paulo, Estrada Municipal do Campinho s/n - Pte Nova, Lorena, SP, 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología (CMEB), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Calle Morelia-Zinapecuaro Km 9.5, colonia La Palma, 58262, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Karla María Muñoz-Páez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Procesos Avanzados de Tratamiento de Aguas, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - José Antonio García-Pérez
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán, Zona Universitaria, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Enrique Alarcón
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida de las culturas veracruzanas no. 101, colonia Emiliano Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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16
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Pu S, Ma H, Deng D, Xue S, Zhu R, Zhou Y, Xiong X. Isolation, identification, and characterization of an Aspergillus niger bioflocculant-producing strain using potato starch wastewater as nutrilite and its application. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190236. [PMID: 29304048 PMCID: PMC5755778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioflocculant (MBFA18) was produced by Aspergillus niger (A18) using potato starch wastewater (PSW) as nutrients. The cultivation processes and flocculating treatment for PSW purification were systematically studied. The flocculating rate of the MBFA 18 achieved 90.06% (kaolin clay) under the optimal cultivation condition (PSW with 5950 mg/L COD, 20 g/L glucose, 0.2 g/L urea and without phosphorus source addition and pH adjustment). Furthermore, effects of flocculant dosage, initial pH, coagulant aid (CaCl2) addition and sedimentation time on the PSW treatment were discussed and studied in detail. The optimum flocculation treatment conditions were determined according to the treatment efficiency, cost and flocculation conditions. During the PSW treatment, 2 mL/L bioflocculant (1.89 g/L) dosage and 0.5 mol/L coagulant aid addition were applied without pH adjustment and 91.15% COD and 60.22% turbidity removal rate could be achieved within 20 min. The comparative study between the bioflocculant and conventional chemical flocculants showed excellent flocculating efficiency of MBFA 18 with lower cost (4.7 yuan/t), which indicated that the bioflocculant MBFA 18 produced in PSW substrate has a great potential to be an alternative flocculant in PSW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Daili Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shengyang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Rongxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xingying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Raffetin A, Courbin V, Jullien V, Dannaoui E. In Vitro Combination of Isavuconazole with Echinocandins against Azole-Susceptible and -Resistant Aspergillus spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01382-17. [PMID: 29038263 PMCID: PMC5740304 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01382-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro combinations of isavuconazole with echinocandins were evaluated against 30 Aspergillus strains with a two-dimensional checkerboard microdilution method and an agar-based diffusion method. With the checkerboard method, the three combinations showed indifferent interactions for all strains. With the agar-based method, indifferent interactions were found for all strains for isavuconazole-micafungin and isavuconazole-anidulafungin. For the isavuconazole-caspofungin combination, indifference was found in 24/30 strains, synergism in 4/30 strains, and antagonism in 2/30 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raffetin
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - V Courbin
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud, UFR Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - V Jullien
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Service de Pharmacologie, Paris, France
- Université René Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - E Dannaoui
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie, Paris, France
- Université René Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
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18
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Hu Q, Zhang J, Xu C, Li C, Liu S. The Dynamic Microbiota Profile During Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Peeling by Solid-State Fermentation. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:739-746. [PMID: 28378160 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
White pepper (Piper nigrum L.), a well-known spice, is the main pepper processing product in Hainan province, China. The solid-state method of fermentation can peel pepper in a highly efficient manner and yield high-quality white pepper. In the present study, we used next-generation sequencing to reveal the dynamic changes in the microbiota during pepper peeling by solid-state fermentation. The results suggested that the inoculated Aspergillus niger was dominant throughout the fermentation stage, with its strains constituting more than 95% of the fungi present; thus, the fungal community structure was relatively stable. The bacterial community structure fluctuated across different fermentation periods; among the bacteria present, Pseudomonas, Tatumella, Pantoea, Acinetobacter, Lactococcus, and Enterobacter accounted for more than 95% of all bacteria. Based on the correlations among the microbial community, we found that Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were significantly positively related with A. niger, which showed strong synergy with them. In view of the microbial functional gene analysis, we found that these three bacteria and fungi were closely related to the production of pectin esterase (COG4677) and acetyl xylan esterase (COG3458), the key enzymes for pepper peeling. The present research clarifies the solid-state fermentation method of pepper peeling and lays a theoretical foundation to promote the development of the pepper peeling process and the production of high-quality white pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbiao Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Congfa Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sixin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
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Akindahunsi AA, Oboh G. Effect of Fungi Fermentation on Organoleptic Properties, Energy Content and In-vitro Multienzyme Digestibility of Cassava Products (Flour & Gari). Nutr Health 2016; 17:131-8. [PMID: 14653508 DOI: 10.1177/026010600301700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to investigate the effect of fungi fermentation on the energy content, sensory quality and the digestibility (in vitro) of cassava products (flour and gari). The fungi fermented cassava products (gari and flour) were produced, by fermenting cassava mash with pure strains of some common saprophytes, namely, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae and Saccharomyces spp (Baker's yeast and palm wine yeast) for 72hrs before processing into cassava flour and gari, the forms in which cassava is popularly consumed in Nigeria. Parameters determined include energy (Bomb calorimetry), digestibility (in vitro) and sensory quality by trained taste panel. The results of the study indicated that fungi fermentation of the cassava mash significantly (P < 0.05) increased the acceptability of the colour, texture, aroma and taste of the “gari”, with that of Rhizopus oryzae fermentation having the highest general acceptability. Furthermore, the results also indicated that fungi fermentation of cassava mash significantly increased (P < 0.05) the in vitro multienzyme protein digestibility of the cassava products. In view of this, fungi fermentation could be used to improve the sensory quality and protein digestibility of cassava products without any significant (P > 0.05) effect on the energy-giving role of cassava products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Akindahunsi
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
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Qi TF, Renaud JB, McDowell T, Seifert KA, Yeung KKC, Sumarah MW. Diversity of Mycotoxin-Producing Black Aspergilli in Canadian Vineyards. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:1583-1589. [PMID: 26837797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several Aspergillus species produce ochratoxin A (OTA) and/or fumonisins on wine and table grapes. The relevant species and their mycotoxins have been investigated in a number of wine-producing regions around the world; however, similar data have not been reported for Canadian vineyards. A multiyear survey of black Aspergilli in Niagara, ON, vineyards was conducted to determine the diversity of species present and to assess the risk of OTA and fumonisin contamination of wine grapes from this region. From 2012 to 2014, 253 black Aspergilli were isolated from soil samples and the fruits of 10 varieties of grapes. The isolates were identified by DNA sequencing: Aspergillus welwitschiae (43%), Aspergillus uvarum (32%), Aspergillus brasiliensis (11%), Aspergillus tubingensis (9%), and Aspergillus niger (4%). Aspergillus carbonarius, the primary OTA producer on grapes in other parts of the world, was isolated only once, and this is the first report for it in Canada. All 10 A. niger strains produced fumonisins, but, in contrast, only 26% of the 109 A. welwitschiae isolates were producers, and no strains of either species produced OTA. Grape samples were analyzed for OTA and fumonisins from sites where strains with mycotoxigenic potential were isolated. Fumonisin B2 (FB2) was detected in 7 of 22 (32%) of these grape samples in the 1-15 ppb range, but no OTA was detected. Additionally, the recently reported nonaminated fumonisins were detected in 3 of 22 grape samples. These results suggest that fumonisin-producing Aspergilli can occur in Ontario vineyards but, at present, the risk of contamination of grapes appears low. The risk of OTA contamination in Niagara wine is also low because of the low prevalence of A. carbonarius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu F Qi
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Tim McDowell
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Keith A Seifert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Ken K-C Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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21
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Sonker N, Pandey AK, Singh P. Efficiency of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp. essential oil as a mycotoxicant against postharvest mycobiota of table grapes. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1932-9. [PMID: 25199920 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to get a potent botanical fungicide for the management of fungal decay of table grapes, an experiment was conducted in which 20 essential oils of higher plants were screened at 0.33 µL mL(-1) against dominant fungi causing decay of table grapes, including Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and A. ochraceus. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory/fungicidal concentration, fungitoxic spectrum and mycotoxin inhibition activity of the most potent oil were determined. The efficacy of the most potent oil in preservation of table grapes, along with organoleptic evaluation, was also carried out by storing 1 kg of grapes in the oil vapour. RESULTS Artemisia nilagirica oil was found to be most toxic, exhibiting 100% mycelia inhibition of all test fungi. Moreover, 0.29 µL mL(-1) A. nilagirica oil was fungistatic and 0.58 µL mL(-1) was fungicidal for all tested species of Aspergillus. The oil exhibited a broad range of fungitoxicity against other grape berry-rotting fungi. Artemisia nilagirica oil completely suppressed the growth and mycotoxin (AFB1 and OTA) secretion of aflatoxigenic and ochratoxigenic strains of Aspergillus at 1.6 µL mL(-1) . During the in vivo experiment, fumigation of 1 kg of table grapes with 200 and 300 µL dosage of A. nilagirica oil enhanced the shelf life for up to 9 days. The oil did not show any phytotoxic effect. Besides, oil application did not substantively change the sensory properties of the fruits. CONCLUSION Artemisia nilagirica oil can be used as an alternative botanical fungicide for the control of fruit-rotting fungi of stored grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sonker
- Bacteriology and Natural Pesticide Laboratory, Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, UP, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Bacteriology and Natural Pesticide Laboratory, Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, UP, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Bacteriology and Natural Pesticide Laboratory, Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, UP, India
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Shrivastava JN, Satsangi GP, Kumar R. Assessment of bioaerosol pollution over Indo-Gangetic plain. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:6004-6009. [PMID: 25380630 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol plays a very important role in climate change and public health. It affects cloud condensation nuclei and causes a number of epidemic diseases. The correlations of aerosol with epidemic diseases are due to the biotic components of aerosol. The present study deals with the measurements and characterization of bioaerosol over Indo-Gangetic plain. The levels of PM10 and PM2.5 are much higher than the recommended value set by NAAQS in India. Bacterial and fungal concentrations are in the reported range. Bacterial concentration is higher than fungal concentration. Gram-positive bacteria contribute 75% while gram-negative bacteria contribute 25% only. A total seven types of fungi are identified in aerosols. Aspergillus niger is dominant. Meteorological parameters play important roles in growth and presence of microorganism in the air. Bacterial concentrations are governed mainly by temperature while fungal concentration is influenced by relative humidity.
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23
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Neely AN, Gallardo V, Barth E, Haugland RA, Warden GD, Vesper SJ. Rapid Monitoring by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Pathogenic Aspergillus During Carpet Removal From a Hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 25:350-2. [PMID: 15108736 DOI: 10.1086/502405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMonitoring for pathogenic Aspergillus species using a rapid, highly sensitive, quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique during carpet removal in a burn unit provided data that allowed patients to be safely returned to the refloored area sooner than if only conventional culture monitoring had been used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice N Neely
- Shriners Burns Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3095, USA
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24
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Shi F, Tan J, Chu J, Wang Y, Zhuang Y, Zhang S. A qualitative and quantitative high-throughput assay for screening of gluconate high-yield strains by Aspergillus niger. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 109:134-9. [PMID: 25498457 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel two-step high-throughput strategy was developed for screening of gluconate high-yield strains by Aspergillus niger. The first step was fast qualitative assay according to the indicator color change, the second step was quantitative assay according to the absorbance of chelate formed with Cu(2+) at 810nm. The accuracy of high-throughput assay was comparable to that of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The correlation coefficient between CuSO4 assay and HPLC assays was exceeding 0.99 by statistical analysis. As a result, 3 high-yield mutants were screened out from 1000 viable single colonies, the mutants II-2-A1, IV-7-C6, and V-11-C5 were further validated in 5L of bioreactor. The average production rates were 15.5%, 32.8%, and 12.1% higher than that of the parental strain, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Siliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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25
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Sazanova KV, Shchiparev SM, Vlasov DI. [Formation of organic acids by fungi isolated from the surface of stone monuments]. Mikrobiologiia 2014; 83:525-533. [PMID: 25844464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Capacity of the fungi isolated from the surface of stone monuments for acid formation was studied in cultures under various carbon sources and cultivation conditions. The composition of organic nutrients was adjusted according to the results of investigation of the surface layers from the monuments in urban environment. The primary soil formed at the surface of the stone monuments under urban conditions was shown to contain a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources and is a rich substrate for fungal growth. Oxalic acid was produced by fungi grown on media with various concentrations of sugars, sugar alcohols, and organic acids. Malic, citric, fumaric, and succinic acids were identified only at elevated carbohydrate concentrations, mostly in liquid cultures. Oxalic acid was the dominant among the acids produced by Aspergillus niger at all experimental setups. Unlike A. niger, the relative content of oxalic acid produced by Penicillium citrinum decreased at high carbohydrate concentrations.
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26
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Veana F, Martínez-Hernández J, Aguilar C, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Michelena G. Utilization of molasses and sugar cane bagasse for production of fungal invertase in solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger GH1. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:373-7. [PMID: 25242918 PMCID: PMC4166259 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes have been used as substrate-support in solid state fermentation for enzyme production. Molasses and sugarcane bagasse are by-products of sugar industry and can be employed as substrates for invertase production. Invertase is an important enzyme for sweeteners development. In this study, a xerophilic fungus Aspergillus niger GH1 isolated of the Mexican semi-desert, previously reported as an invertase over-producer strain was used. Molasses from Mexico and Cuba were chemically analyzed (total and reducer sugars, nitrogen and phosphorous contents); the last one was selected based on chemical composition. Fermentations were performed using virgin and hydrolyzate bagasse (treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid). Results indicated that, the enzymatic yield (5231 U/L) is higher than those reported by other A. niger strains under solid state fermentation, using hydrolyzate bagasse. The acid hydrolysis promotes availability of fermentable sugars. In addition, maximum invertase activity was detected at 24 h using low substrate concentration, which may reduce production costs. This study presents an alternative method for invertase production using a xerophilic fungus isolated from Mexican semi-desert and inexpensive substrates (molasses and sugarcane bagasse).
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Veana
- Food Research DepartmentSchool of ChemistryGraduate Program in Food Science and TechnologyUniversidad Autónoma de CoahuilaSaltilloCoahuilaMéxicoFood Research Department, School of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
| | - J.L. Martínez-Hernández
- Food Research DepartmentSchool of ChemistryGraduate Program in Food Science and TechnologyUniversidad Autónoma de CoahuilaSaltilloCoahuilaMéxicoFood Research Department, School of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
| | - C.N. Aguilar
- Food Research DepartmentSchool of ChemistryGraduate Program in Food Science and TechnologyUniversidad Autónoma de CoahuilaSaltilloCoahuilaMéxicoFood Research Department, School of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
| | - R. Rodríguez-Herrera
- Food Research DepartmentSchool of ChemistryGraduate Program in Food Science and TechnologyUniversidad Autónoma de CoahuilaSaltilloCoahuilaMéxicoFood Research Department, School of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
| | - G. Michelena
- Instituto Cubano de Investigaciones de los Derivados de la Caña de AzúcarCiudad de La HabanaCubaInstituto Cubano de Investigaciones de los Derivados de la Caña de Azúcar, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
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27
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Indramohan P, Rohit A, Kanchanamala M, Mathew M, Abraham G. Culture-negative Aspergillus peritonitis diagnosed by peritoneal biopsy. Perit Dial Int 2014; 33:464-5. [PMID: 23843597 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2012.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Sandhu SK, Oberoi HS, Babbar N, Miglani K, Chadha BS, Nanda DK. Two-stage statistical medium optimization for augmented cellulase production via solid-state fermentation by newly isolated Aspergillus niger HN-1 and application of crude cellulase consortium in hydrolysis of rice straw. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:12653-12661. [PMID: 24328069 DOI: 10.1021/jf403083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulolytic enzyme production by newly isolated Aspergillus niger HN-1 was statistically optimized using Plackett-Burman and central composite design (CCD). Optimum concentrations of 2, 0.40, 0.01, and 0.60 g L (-1) for KH2PO4, urea, trace elements solution, and CaCl2·2H2O, respectively, were suggested by Design-Expert software. The two-stage optimization process led to a 3- and 2-fold increases in the filter paper cellulase (FP) and β-glucosidase activities, respectively. FP, β-glucosidase, endoglucanase, exopolygalaturonase, cellobiohydrolase, xylanase, α-l-arabinofuranosidase, β-xylosidase, and xylan esterase activities of 36.7 ± 1.54 FPU gds(-1), 252.3 ± 7.4 IU gds(-1), 416.3 ± 22.8 IU gds(-1), 111.2 ± 5.4 IU gds(-1), 8.9 ± 0.50 IU gds(-1), 2593.5 ± 78.9 IU gds(-1), 79.4 ± 4.3 IU gds(-1), 180.8 ± 9.3 IU gds(-1), and 288.7 ± 11.8 IU gds(-1), respectively, were obtained through solid-state fermentation during the validation studies. Hydrolysis of alkali-treated rice straw with crude cellulases resulted in about 84% glucan to glucose, 89% xylan to xylose, and 91% arabinan to arabinose conversions, indicating potential for biomass hydrolysis by the crude cellulase consortium obtained in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Kaur Sandhu
- Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, P.O. PAU, Ludhiana 141 004, India
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29
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Sondhia S, Waseem U, Varma RK. Fungal degradation of an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in soil. Chemosphere 2013; 93:2140-2147. [PMID: 23993642 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Owing to reported phytotoxicity of some sulfonylurea class of herbicides in number of sensitive crops and higher persistence in soil, present study was conducted to isolate and identify pyrazosulfuron-ethyl degrading fungi from soil of rice field. Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger, were isolated and identified from rhizospere soil of rice field, as potent pyrazosulfuron-ethyl degrading fungi. Degradation of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl by P. chrysogenum and A. niger, yielded transformation products/metabolites which were identified and characterized by LC/MS/MS. The rate of dissipation of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was found higher in soil of rice field and soil inoculated with P. chrysogenum. This showed important route of degradation of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl by microbes apart from chemical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Sondhia
- Department of Chemistry, Directorate of Weed Science Research, Adhartal, Jabalpur, MP, India.
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30
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Nyyssölä A, Pihlajaniemi V, Järvinen R, Mikander S, Kontkanen H, Kruus K, Kallio H, Buchert J. Screening of microbes for novel acidic cutinases and cloning and expression of an acidic cutinase from Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 52:272-8. [PMID: 23540930 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Isolates from gardening waste compost and 38 culture collection microbes were grown on agar plates at pH 4.0 with the cutinase model substrate polycaprolactone as a carbon source. The strains showing polycaprolactone hydrolysis were cultivated in liquid at acidic pH and the cultivations were monitored by assaying the p-nitrophenyl butyrate esterase activities. Culture supernatants of four strains were analyzed for the hydrolysis of tritiated apple cutin at different pHs. Highest amounts of radioactive hydrolysis products were detected at pHs below 5. The hydrolysis of apple cutin by the culture supernatants at acidic pH was further confirmed by GC-MS analysis of the hydrolysis products. On the basis of screening, the acidic cutinase from Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88 was chosen for heterogeneous production in Pichia pastoris and for analysis of the effects of pH on activity and stability. The recombinant enzyme showed activity over a broad range of pHs with maximal activity between pH 5.0 and 6.5. Activity could be detected still at pH 3.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Nyyssölä
- VTT Biotechnology, P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland.
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31
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Sindhwani G, Rawat J, Kesarwani V. Haemoptysis after four years of lobectomy for aspergilloma. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2013; 55:43-44. [PMID: 23798090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a 26-year-old male who underwent lobectomy for life-threatening haemoptysis due to aspergilloma in an old tuberculosis left upper lobe cavity who presented with recurrence of haemoptysis four years after the surgery. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed Aspergillus colonisation in the ectatic residual bronchus which is an uncommon complication of lobectomy. The patient was successfully managed with antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Sindhwani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), India.
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32
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Castrillo ML, Horianski MA, Jerke G. Aislamiento de cepas de Aspergillus sección Nigri en la yerba mate comercializada en Posadas (Misiones, Argentina) y evaluación de su potencial ocratoxigénico. Rev Argent Microbiol 2013; 45:110-3. [PMID: 23876265 DOI: 10.1016/s0325-7541(13)70009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María L Castrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina.
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Soares C, Calado T, Venâncio A. Mycotoxin production by Aspergillus niger aggregate strains isolated from harvested maize in three Portuguese regions. Rev Iberoam Micol 2012; 30:9-13. [PMID: 22634155 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maize is considered one of the crops more susceptible to mycotoxins in the world. Two of the mycotoxins commonly associated with maize are fumonisins and ochratoxin A. Aspergillus niger is a known producer of ochratoxin A and is easily found in maize. Recently, however, A. niger has been reported to produce as well fumonisins, mainly fumonisin B(2). AIMS The aim of this study was to isolate A. niger strains from maize samples collected in three Portuguese maize growing regions and to detect the production of both fumonisin B(2) and ochratoxin A. METHODS Ninety five maize samples were collected, plated, and all observable Aspergillus section Nigri strains were isolated. Strains were morphologically characterized and mycotoxin production was determined by HPLC-FD. RESULTS Isolations resulted in a total of 270 strains of black Aspergillus from 73 samples (77% of the samples). About 14% of those strains were found to produce ochratoxin A and 39% of the strains were found to produce fumonisin B(2). CONCLUSIONS An association between the production of these two mycotoxins could not be found and no conclusions could be taken whether the presence of A. niger aggregate strains will increase the risk of maize contamination with fumonisins and more specifically with fumonisin B(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Soares
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Moubasher H, Fahmi AA, Abdur-Rahman M. Induction, purification and molecular characterization of sulfhydryl oxidase from an Egyptian isolates of Aspergillus niger. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2012; 48:323-327. [PMID: 22834304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The conditions for the sulfhydryl oxidase (SOX) production and activity from an Egyptian isolate of Aspergillus niger were optimized. Purification and determination of the kinetic properties (K(m) and V(max)) of the purified enzyme have been done. The possibility for the SOX induction using L-Cys (as a natural substrate) was studied to determine whether SOX could be produced as an inducible enzyme in addition to being a constitutive one (i.e. whether induction leads to increase SOX production and activity or not). The optimum temperature and pH for its activity were found to be 60 degrees C and 5.5, respectively. The activity of the induced intracellular SOX, was measured according to Ellman's method using the standard GSH oxidation where it reached 94% while that of non-induced one reached only 27.6%. This wide difference in activity between the induced and non-induced SOX indicates the successful L-Cys-induction of the SOX production (i.e. SOX from A. niger AUMC 4947 is an inducible enzyme). Molecular characterization of the pure SOX revealed that it is constituted of two 50-55 KDa subunits. K(m) and V(max) were found to be 6.0 mM and 100 microM/min/mg respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moubasher
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
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35
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Yang X, Sun JY, Guo JL, Weng XY. Identification and proteomic analysis of a novel gossypol-degrading fungal strain. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92:943-951. [PMID: 22002592 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cottonseed meal, an important source of feed raw materials, has limited use in the feed industry because of the presence of the highly toxic gossypol. The aim of the current work was to isolate the gossypol-degrading fungus from a soil microcosm and investigate the proteins involved in gossypol degradation. RESULTS A fungal strain, AN-1, that uses gossypol as its sole carbon source was isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger. A large number of intracellular proteins were detected using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but no significant difference was observed between the glucose-containing and gossypol-containing mycelium extracts. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis results showed that the protein spots were concentrated in the 25.0-66.2 kDa range and distributed in different pI gradients. PDQuest software showed that 51 protein spots in the gels were differentially expressed. Of these, 20 differential protein spots, including six special spots expressed in gossypol, were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION The fungus AN-1 biodegraded gossypol and the proteomic analysis results indicate that some proteins were involved in the gossypol biodegradation during fungus survival, using gossypol as its sole carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Spadaro D, Patharajan S, Lorè A, Garibaldi A, Gullino ML. Ochratoxigenic black species of Aspergilli in grape fruits of northern Italy identified by an improved PCR-RFLP procedure. Toxins (Basel) 2012; 4:42-54. [PMID: 22474565 PMCID: PMC3317106 DOI: 10.3390/toxins4020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of 356 isolates of Aspergillus spp. collected during 2006 and 2007 from grapevines in northern Italy were identified through Internal Transcribed Spacer based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (ITS-RFLP) and tested for ochratoxin A (OTA) production. Restriction endonuclease digestion of the ITS products using the endonucleases HhaI, HinfI and RsaI, distinguished five different RFLPs. From each pattern, three samples were sequenced and the nucleotide sequences showed different species corresponding to Aspergillus niger, A. carbonarius, A. tubingensis, A. japonicus and A. aculeatus. By comparing the sequences of the ITS regions, also the uniseriate species A. japonicus and A. aculeatus could be differentiated by HinfI digestion of the ITS products. Among the aspergilli, A. niger was the major species associated with grapes during 2006 (57.4%), while A. carbonarius was the major species during 2007 (46.6%). All the strains of Aspergillus were tested for their ability to produce OTA on Yeast extract sucrose medium (YES), as it was tested as an optimal substrate for the evaluation of OTA production by black aspergilli. Out of 356 isolates, 63 (17.7%) isolates produced OTA ranging from 0.05 to 3.0 µg mL(-1). Most of the ochratoxigenic isolates were A. carbonarius (46) in both years, but also some strains of A. tubingensis (11) and A. japonicus (6) produced lower amounts of OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Spadaro
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy; (S.P.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.L.G.)
- DiVaPRA-Plant Pathology, Università degli Studi di Torino, via L. da Vinci 44, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +39-011-6708942; Fax: +39-011-6709307
| | - Subban Patharajan
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy; (S.P.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Alessia Lorè
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy; (S.P.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Angelo Garibaldi
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy; (S.P.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Maria Lodovica Gullino
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, Grugliasco (TO) I-10095, Italy; (S.P.); (A.L.); (A.G.); (M.L.G.)
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Ranawaka RR, de Silva N, Ragunathan RW. Non-dermatophyte mold onychomycosis in Sri Lanka. Dermatol Online J 2012; 18:7. [PMID: 22301044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytic and non-dermatophytic onychomycosis (NDM) was indistinguishable clinically in our case series. Making a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis without mycology is the routine practice in Sri Lanka. The prevalence of NDM (45.8%) was very high in our patient population, followed by yeasts (34.1%); dermatophyte infection made up only 20%. Therefore, the treatment of onychomycosis with griseofulvin seems futile. Close contact with soil, the habit of walking barefoot, frequent emersion of hands in water, and a hot, humid climate partly explain the variation in causative pathogens in this case series.
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Li LL, Zhao ZT, Wan Z, Li RY, Liu HG. [Application of PCR combined with reverse line blot assay in detection and identification of common pathogenic Aspergillus in fungal sinusitis]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2012; 41:6-10. [PMID: 22455842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of PCR/reverse line blot hybridization (RLB) assay in the detection and identification of clinical pathogens in fungal sinusitis (FS). METHODS Twenty-six formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues and 8 fresh tissues of FS were collected from Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2009 to February 2010. Pathological examination, fungal culture and ITS2 region sequencing were carried out. The DNA of all samples was extracted by standard procedure and fungal universal primers ITS3 and ITS4 were used for PCR amplification of all tissues. Then the amplified products were used for RLB with five fungal species-specific probes. The results of PCR/RLB were compared with ITS region sequencing, fungal culture and pathological examination. RESULTS For the biopsy tissues, fungal cultures were positive in 14 cases (41.2%); pathologic examination demonstrated fungal hyphae in all cases; ITS2 region sequencing was successful in 16 cases (47.1%); PCR/RLB showed A. flavus in 14 cases, A. fumigatus in 10 cases, A. niger in four cases, A. nidulans in one case, A. flavus and A. fumigatus in three cases, and A. fumigatus and A. niger in two cases. CONCLUSIONS The PCR/RLB assay is suitable for rapid and accurate detection and identification of the pathogenic fungus of FS. Compared with the conventional fungal culture and microscopy, pathologic examination and DNA sequencing, the PCR/RLB has the advantages of more economy, time saving, and higher sensitivity, specificity and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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Howard SJ, Harrison E, Bowyer P, Varga J, Denning DW. Cryptic species and azole resistance in the Aspergillus niger complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:4802-9. [PMID: 21768508 PMCID: PMC3186969 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00304-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is a common clinical isolate. Multiple species comprise the Aspergillus section Nigri and are separable using sequence data. The antifungal susceptibility of these cryptic species is not known. We determined the azole MICs of 50 black aspergilli, 45 from clinical specimens, using modified EUCAST (mEUCAST) and Etest methods. Phylogenetic trees were prepared using the internal transcribed spacer, beta-tubulin, and calmodulin sequences to identify strains to species level and the results were compared with those obtained with cyp51A sequences. We attempted to correlate cyp51A mutations with azole resistance. Etest MICs were significantly different from mEUCAST MICs (P < 0.001), with geometric means of 0.77 and 2.79 mg/liter, respectively. Twenty-six of 50 (52%) isolates were itraconazole resistant by mEUCAST (MICs > 8 mg/liter), with limited cross-resistance to other azoles. Using combined beta-tubulin/calmodulin sequences, the 45 clinical isolates grouped into 5 clades, A. awamori (55.6%), A. tubingensis (17.8%), A. niger (13.3%), A. acidus (6.7%), and an unknown group (6.7%), none of which were morphologically distinguishable. Itraconazole resistance was found in 36% of the isolates in the A. awamori group, 90% of the A. tubingensis group, 33% of the A. niger group, 100% of the A. acidus group, and 67% of the unknown group. These data suggest that cyp51A mutations in section Nigri may not play as important a role in azole resistance as in A. fumigatus, although some mutations (G427S, K97T) warrant further study. Numerous cryptic species are found in clinical isolates of the Aspergillus section Nigri and are best reported as "A. niger complex" by clinical laboratories. Itraconazole resistance was common in this data set, but azole cross-resistance was unusual. The mechanism of resistance remains obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Howard
- The University of Manchester, 1.800 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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Abrunhosa L, Calado T, Venancio A. Incidence of fumonisin B(2) production by Aspergillus niger in Portuguese wine regions. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:7514-7518. [PMID: 21668017 DOI: 10.1021/jf202123q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B(2) (FB(2)) was recently found to be produced by Aspergillus niger . When grape-derived products were subsequently analyzed, FB(2) contamination was found in raisins, must, and wine. This study evaluated 681 strains of black aspergilli species isolated from Portuguese wine grapes for FB(2) production when grown on Czapek yeast agar. FB(2) was not detected in Aspergillus carbonarius (n = 75) or Aspergillus ibericus (n = 9) strains, but it was detected in 176 (29%) of the strains belonging to A. niger aggregate (n = 597). The amount of FB(2) produced by these strains ranged from 0.003 to 6.0 mg/kg with a mean of 0.66 mg/kg. The Alentejo region had the lowest percentage (10%) of fumonisinogenic strains, whereas the Douro region had the highest percentage of fumonisinogenic strains (38%). Only 10 strains were found to produce FB(2) and ochratoxin A simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Abrunhosa
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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Chuaybamroong P, Thunyasirinon C, Supothina S, Sribenjalux P, Wu CY. Performance of photocatalytic lamps on reduction of culturable airborne microorganism concentration. Chemosphere 2011; 83:730-735. [PMID: 21339001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of viable airborne Staphylococcus epidermidis and Aspergillus niger spore concentrations using two types of photocatalytic fluorescent lamps under controlled environmental conditions (25 vs. 35°C and 55 vs. 75% relative humidity) were investigated. Visible white-light and UVA black light were in-house spray-coated with TiO(2) and then compared with a commercially coated visible white-light for microbial concentration reduction. The white-light photocatalytic lamps reduced the concentration of culturable S. epidermidis up to 92% independent of temperature or humidity change, while the black light photocatalytic lamps completely inactivated the culturable bacteria at 25°C, 55% relative humidity. Humidity seemed to alleviate UVA damage since better bacteria survival was found. For A. niger spores, rising humidity or temperature could lower their concentration or drop their culturabilities so that a difference between the natural decay and photocatalytic disinfection could not be distinguished. Reductions of total bacteria and total fungi concentrations using these lamps were also examined under uncontrolled environmental conditions in an office and a waste-storage room. It was found that photocatalytic lamps could reduce total culturable bacteria concentration from 9 to 97% and total culturable fungi concentration from 3 to 95% within irradiation time of 30-480 min, respectively. Insignificant difference in concentration reduction among these photocatalytic lamps was pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paradee Chuaybamroong
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand.
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Tolchinsky AD, Sigaev VI, Varfolomeev AN, Uspenskaya SN, Cheng YS, Su WC. Performance evaluation of two personal bioaerosol samplers. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2011; 46:1690-1698. [PMID: 22175872 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.623957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of two newly developed personal bioaerosol samplers for monitoring the level of environmental and occupational airborne microorganisms was evaluated. These new personal bioaerosol samplers were designed based on a swirling cyclone with recirculating liquid film. The performance evaluation included collection efficiency tests using inert aerosols, the bioaerosol survival test using viable airborne microorganism, and the evaluation of using non-aqueous collection liquid for long-period sampling. The test results showed that these two newly developed personal bioaerosol samplers are capable of doing high efficiency, aerosol sampling (the cutoff diameters are around 0.7 μm for both samplers), and have proven to provide acceptable survival for the collected bioaerosols. By using an appropriate non-aqueous collection liquid, these two personal bioaerosol samplers should be able to permit continuous, long-period bioaerosol sampling with considerable viability for the captured bioaerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Tolchinsky
- Research Center for Toxicology and Hygienic Regulation of Biopreparations, Serpukchov, Moscow, Russia
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Gitau AM, Ng'ang'a ZW, Sigilai W, Bii C, Mwangi M. Fungal infections among diabetic foot ulcer- patients attending diabetic clinic in Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. East Afr Med J 2011; 88:9-17. [PMID: 24968597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify fungal pathogens associated with dermatophytoses in diabetic patients and identify the spectrum of yeasts colonising diabetic foot ulcers at Kenyatta National Hospital. DESIGN A cross sectional Laboratory based study. SETTING The Kenyatta National Hospital diabetic clinic. SUBJECTS Sixty one patients with diabetic foot ulcers from August to November 2009. RESULTS The five most occurring pathogens were Biopolaris hawaiiensis (5.5%), Trichophyton schoenleinii (3.7%), Aspergillus niger (3.0%), Trichophyton rubrum (3.0%), Fusarium oxysporum (3.0%). Other moulds accounted forless than 3.0%. One suspected case (0.6%) of Penicilium marneffei was isolated although it couldnotbe ascertained due to its high containment requirement. Among the dermatophytes, the most occurring mould was Trichophyton schoenleinii (3.7%) while innon-dermatophyte was Biopolaris hawaiiensis (5.5%). Eight pathogenic yeasts were identified with C. parapsilosis (6.1%) being the most common followed by C. famata (3.0%). Fungal infestation was highest in callus formation (78.6%). CONCLUSION Fungal aetiological agents are significant cause of diabetic woundinfection and may require antifungal intervention for successful management of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Young LH, Bazari H, Durand ML, Branda JA. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 33-2010. A 22-year-old woman with blurred vision and renal failure. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1749-58. [PMID: 20979476 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc1005308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, USA
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Susca A, Proctor RH, Mulè G, Stea G, Ritieni A, Logrieco A, Moretti A. Correlation of mycotoxin fumonisin B2 production and presence of the fumonisin biosynthetic gene fum8 in Aspergillus niger from grape. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:9266-9272. [PMID: 20666454 DOI: 10.1021/jf101591x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is a significant component of the fungal community on grapes. The mycotoxin fumonisin B2 (FB2) was recently detected in grape must and wine as well as in cultures of some A. niger strains isolated from grapes and raisins. This study examined 48 strains of Aspergillus section Nigri for the presence of the fumonisin biosynthetic gene fum8 in relation to FB2 production. The fum8 gene was detected in only 11 A. niger strains, 9 of which also produced FB2. Maximum parsimony analysis based on the calmodulin gene sequence indicated that the presence/absence of fum8 is not correlated with the phylogenetic relationship of the isolates. This is the first report correlating the presence of a fumonisin biosynthetic gene with fumonisin production in A. niger from an important food crop. The results suggest that the absence of FB2 production in grape isolates of A. niger can result from the absence of at least one gene essential for production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Susca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Tran NT, Nguyen TP, Homasson JP. [Aspergillus niger responsible for a tracheo-oesophageal fistula in an immunocompetent patient]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2009; 65:297-299. [PMID: 19878804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tracheal or bronchial aspergillar locations are rare. They are mainly found in patients with general or localised immune deficiency. The authors report the case of a 53-year-old Vietnamese immunocompetent patient without any factors of risk who suddenly came down with a perforation syndrome indicating a tracheo-oesophageal fistula. The bronchial samples helped identify Aspergillus niger as the agent incriminated. Surgical treatment associated with an antifungal treatment provided a cure without any recurrence for 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Tran
- Hôpital Pham Ngoc Thach, 120, Hung Vuong, Ho Chi Minh Ville, Viet Nam.
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Obidi OF, Aboaba OO, Makanjuola MS, Nwachukwu SCU. Microbial evaluation and deterioration of paints and paint-products. J Environ Biol 2009; 30:835-840. [PMID: 20143715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The microbial quality of materials and final products of a reputable paint industry in Lagos area were analysed. The bacterial contaminants isolated in the paint-products included Bacillus brevis, B. polymyxa, B. laterosporus, Lactobacillus gasseri, L. brevis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The fungal contaminants detected in the paints were mainly Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Penicillium citrinum. The microbial populations in the raw materials ranged from 1.0 x 10(6) - 9.5 x 10(6) cfu g(-1) for bacteria and between 1.25 x 10(4) and 6.8 x 10(4) cfu g(-1) for fungi while those present in packaging materials ranged from 3.45 x 10(6) - 7.65 x 10(6) cfu g(-1) for bacteria and 2.4 x 10(3) - 2.8 x 10(3) cfu g(-1) for fungi respectively. The bacterial populations in the fresh paint samples monitored every two weeks from the time of production ranged from 1.6 x 10(1) - 4.7 x 10(5) cfu ml(-1) while the fungal populations ranged from 1.0 x 10(1) - 5.5 x 10(3) cfu ml(-1) over a ten-month study period. The optical density at 600 nm increased while transmittance, pH, specific gravity and viscosity of the paint samples decreased over the period suggesting gradual deterioration of the aesthetic qualities of the paint-products with time as indicated by the measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- O F Obidi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, 11001 Nigeria.
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Ahmed MK, Ishino T, Takeno S, Hirakawa K. Bilateral allergic fungal rhinosinusitis caused by Schizophillum commune and Aspergillus niger. A case report. Rhinology 2009; 47:217-221. [PMID: 19593982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Schizophillum commune (S. commune) is a rare type of basidiomycetous fungus that has being reported as a cause of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), invasive type of fungal sinusitis and allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM). However, it is believed that S. commune was often misdiagnosed to Aspergillus sp. We report a case of bilateral nasal polyps and maxillary, ethmoidal and sphenoidal involvement within the context of S. commune and Aspergillus niger associated AFRS. Our patient was suffering from a chronic disease with periods of remission and exacerbation and was treated successfully by a combination of surgical and antifungal treatment. In our experience, S. commune may be found frequently in patients with AFRS. AFRS, including the S. commune-associated type, usually runs a prolonged course and can affect any paranasal sinus. Surgical treatment alone is not sufficient and must be combined with medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khalifa Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Rutt AL, Sataloff RT. Aspergillus otomycosis in an immunocompromised patient. Ear Nose Throat J 2008; 87:622-623. [PMID: 19006061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus niger, an opportunistic filamentous fungus, was identified as the cause of chronic unilateral otomycosis in a 55-year old, immunocompromised man who had been unresponsive to a variety of treatment regimens. The patient presented with intermittent otalgia and otorrhea and with a perforation of his left tympanic membrane. A niger was identified in a culture specimen obtained from the patient's left ear canal. In immunocompromised patients, it is important that the treatment of otomycosis be prompt and vigorous, to minimize the likelihood of hearing loss and invasive temporal bone infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Rutt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huron Valley-Sinai Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Hrdlicka PJ, Sørensen AB, Poulsen BR, Ruijter GJG, Visser J, Iversen JJL. Characterization of Nerolidol Biotransformation Based on Indirect On-Line Estimation of Biomass Concentration and Physiological State in Batch Cultures of Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 20:368-76. [PMID: 14763865 DOI: 10.1021/bp034137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation of the sesquiterpenoid trans-nerolidol by Aspergillus niger has previously been investigated as a method for the formation of 12-hydroxy-trans-nerolidol, a precursor in the synthesis of the industrially interesting flavor alpha-sinensal. We characterized biotransformations of cis-nerolidol, trans-nerolidol, and a commercially available cis/trans-nerolidol mixture in repeated batch cultures of A. niger grown in computer-controlled bioreactors. On-line quantification of titrant addition in pH control allowed characterization of (1) maximal specific growth rate in exponential growth phases, (2) exponential induction of acid formation in postexponential phases, (3) inhibition of organic acid formation after nerolidol addition, and (4) exponential recovery from this inhibition. Addition of a (+/-)-cis/trans-nerolidol mixture during exponential or postexponential phase to cultures grown in minimal medium at high dissolved oxygen tension (above 50% air saturation), to cultures at low dissolved oxygen tension (5% air saturation), or to cultures grown in rich medium demonstrated that the physiological state before nerolidol addition had a major influence on biotransformation. The maximal molar yield of 12-hydroxy-trans-nerolidol (9%) was obtained by addition of a (+/-)-cis/trans-nerolidol mixture to the culture in the postexponential phase at high dissolved oxygen tension in minimal medium. Similar yields were obtained in rich medium, where the rate of biotransformation was doubled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Hrdlicka
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense University, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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