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Hiruma J, Nojo H, Tsuchihashi H, Noguchi H, Hiruma M, Harada K, Kano R. Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Typing of Trichophyton interdigitale Isolated from Japanese Patients. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:395-399. [PMID: 37347367 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Trichophyton interdigitale, an anthropophilic species, is one of the main causative agents of tinea unguium and tinea pedis. T. interdigitale and the zoophilic species T. mentagrophytes are morphologically and physiologically very similar. Isolates of the T. interdigitale/T. mentagrophytes complex from around the world have been classified into more than 10 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes. In this study, we isolated T. interdigitale from Japanese patients and investigated which ITS type was more common. The ITS regions of 29 clinical isolates of T. interdigitale and one clinical isolate of T. mentagrophytes were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region sequences revealed that the 29 isolates of T. interdigitale belong to ITS type II of T. interdigitale. The one clinical isolate of T. mentagrophytes was in the same cluster with ITS type II* of T. mentagrophytes. One terbinafine-resistant strain of T. interdigitale also belonged to ITS type II of T. interdigitale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Hiruma
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology (TIMM), 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Honoka Nojo
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology (TIMM), 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuchihashi
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 3-1-3, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Noguchi
- Noguchi Dermatology Clinic, 964-1, Uejima, Kashima-Machi, Kamimashiki-gun, Kumamoto, 861-3106, Japan
| | - Masataro Hiruma
- Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology, 403, 2-48-8 Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-0014, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Harada
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Rui Kano
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology (TIMM), 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan.
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Gupta AK, Nakrieko KA. Trichophyton rubrum DNA Strains in Patients with Onychomycosis with Persistent Mixed Infections Involving a Nondermatophyte Mold. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2020; 110:442557. [PMID: 32810210 DOI: 10.7547/17-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onychomycosis is estimated to occur in approximately 10% of the global population, with most cases caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Some persistent onychomycosis is caused by mixed infections of T rubrum and one or more co-infecting nondermatophyte molds (NDMs). In onychomycosis, T rubrum strain types may naturally switch and may also be triggered to switch in response to antifungal therapy. T rubrum strain types in mixed infections of onychomycosis have not been characterized. METHODS T rubrum DNA strains in mixed infections of onychomycosis containing co-infecting NDMs were compared with a baseline North American population through polymerase chain reaction amplification of ribosomal DNA tandemly repetitive subelements (TRSs) 1 and 2. The baseline DNA strain types were determined from 102 clinical isolates of T rubrum. The T rubrum DNA strain types from mixed infections were determined from 63 repeated toenail samples from 15 patients. RESULTS Two unique TRS-2 types among the clinical isolates contributed to four unique TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types. Six TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types represented 92% of the clinical isolates of T rubrum. Four TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types accounted for 100% of the T rubrum within mixed infections. CONCLUSIONS Four unique North American T rubrum strains were identified. In support of a shared ancestry, the T rubrum DNA strain types found in mixed infections with NDMs were among the most abundant types. A population of T rubrum strains in mixed infections of onychomycosis has been characterized, with more than one strain detected in some nails. The presence of a co-infecting NDM in mixed infections may contribute to failed therapy by stabilizing the T rubrum strain type, possibly preventing the antifungal therapy-induced strain type switching observed with infections caused by T rubrum alone.
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Tazi S, Konzi KME, Chachi EM, Lyagoubi M, Aoufi S. Epidemiological profile of eumycetomas in Rabat, Morocco, over 40 years. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:356-360. [PMID: 31587988 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eumycetomas are chronic subcutaneous pseudo-tumoral infections, endemic in arid tropical areas, which are caused by exogenous fungi that produce grains in vivo. The objective of our work is to establish their epidemiological, clinical and mycological profile in our Moroccan context. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study, extending from 1975 to 2019, compiling all cases of eumycetomas that were diagnosed in the parasitology-mycology laboratory of the Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat. The diagnosis, based on the swabbing of exudates and eventual grains or the study of biopsies, included the direct examination of 30% KOH mounts, the realization of appositions colored by May-Grünwald-Giemsa and the incubation on 3 Sabouraud media at 27° and 37°C. In 44 years, 12 cases of eumycetoma have been diagnosed, with a male to female ratio of 5:1 and a mean age of 44.8 years. The lesions, evolving from 1 to 30 years, were podal in 10 cases, popliteal and gluteal in one case each, with osteolysis in 3 patients. The collected grains were black in 9 cases, white in 2 others. Direct examination was unanimously positive, revealing entangled hyphae, whilst culture isolated Madurella sp. in 9 cases, Trichophyton rubrum, Acremonium sp. in one case each and remained sterile in the last case. The treatment was medical in 8 cases, medico-surgical in 3 others, with loss of sight of most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tazi
- Central laboratory of parasitology-mycology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - K M-E Konzi
- Central laboratory of parasitology-mycology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - E M Chachi
- Central laboratory of parasitology-mycology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Lyagoubi
- Central laboratory of parasitology-mycology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Aoufi
- Central laboratory of parasitology-mycology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Ito A, Yamada N, Kimura R, Anzawa K, Mochizuki T, Yamamoto O. Tinea Barbae due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes Contracted from Calves. Acta Derm Venereol 2019; 99:925-926. [PMID: 31240324 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ito
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
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Sanguino TC, Jarros IC, Negri M. Occurrence of dermatophytoses in patients from the Sistema Único de Saúde. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:293-297. [PMID: 31365657 PMCID: PMC6668950 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytosis is a cutaneous disease caused by filamentous keratinophilic fungi belonging to the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton, which present a high prevalence in the general population, being among the most common mycoses affecting about 20% of the world's population. OBJECTIVE To carry out the epidemiological survey of cases of dermatophytosis in patients from the Sistema Único de Saúde in a regional Laboratory in the period of 5 years (2009 to 2013). METHODS A retrospective study (January 2009 to December 2013) was carried out with a qualitative and quantitative design, through the registry book of the laboratory, Mycology Sector, where cases of patients with suspected dermatomycosis were analyzed. RESULTS In a 5-year period, a total of 4467 cases were suspected of having a fungal infection. Of these, 68.74% (3071) cases were of dermatomycosis. In relation to cultures with fungal growth, 12.54% (385 cases) were dermatophyte fungi and 7.97% (245 cases) non-dermatophyte fungi were isolated. Among the species identified, there was a higher prevalence of T. rubrum complex (75%), T. mentagrophytes complex (11.68%) and M. canis (7.01%). Regarding the sites analyzed, nail involvement was the most frequent in 75% of the cases. STUDY LIMITATIONS This work is representative in the studied region. CONCLUSIONS Dermatomycosis samples are the most frequent among all samples of fungal infections from these patients, with the nail being the most affected area and the fungi T. rubrum complex and T. mentagrophytes complex the most frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Carla Sanguino
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Biomedicine, Universidade
Estadual de Maringá, Maringá (PR), Brazil
| | - Isabele Carrilho Jarros
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Biomedicine, Universidade
Estadual de Maringá, Maringá (PR), Brazil
| | - Melyssa Negri
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Biomedicine, Laboratory of
Medical Mycology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá (PR),
Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Turra
- Dermatology Department, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine,
University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Navarrete
- Dermatology Department, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine,
University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Julio Magliano
- Dermatology Department, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine,
University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Bazzano
- Dermatology Department, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine,
University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
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McCaughey CD, Amarnani A, Longley BJ, Bennett DD, Wood GS. Erythema gyratum Repens-like eruption in Sézary syndrome: evidence for the role of a dermatophyte. Cutis 2019; 103:357-360. [PMID: 31348450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Erythema gyratum repens (EGR) is a rare and poorly understood dermatosis. The relationship of superficial dermatophytic infection to EGR-like eruptions in mycosis fungoides (MF) is unclear. We present a case of an EGR-like eruption in a patient with Sézary syndrome (SS). Histopathologic examination revealed both a superficial dermatophyte (Trichophyton rubrum) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in biopsies of the skin, regardless of whether those biopsies showed EGR-like lesions or erythroderma clinically. On 2 occasions, treatment of the superficial dermatophytic infection led to resolution of the EGR-like eruption and associated pruritus but not to resolution of the erythroderma. This case supports a role for dermatophytic superinfection in an EGR-like eruption in SS. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the impact of dermatophytic infection in this clinical setting.
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Abstract
Tinea barbae is a rare dermatomycocis, by definition follicular bound in the beard area of adult men. Manifestation usually starts with erythema accompanied by desquamation. Deeper distribution along terminal hairs leads to folliculitis with formation of pustules and nodes as well as abscesses; fixed adherent yellowish crusts may appear. Frequently there is locoregional swelling of the lymph nodes and occasionally a deterioration of general condition with (sub)febrile temperatures. Often this leads to the initial suspected diagnosis of a bacterial folliculitis barbae or impetigo contagiosa. Tinea barbae is mostly induced by species of the genus Trichophyton (T.). The pathogens are diverse and are mostly zoophilic, sometimes anthropophilic and rarely geophilic dermatophytes. With the help of a specific anamnesis and diagnostic procedure, including mycological examinations, histology and molecular detection of dermatophytes via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), tinea barbae-in our patient induced by T. mentagrophytes-can be rapidly diagnosed. Early initiation and adequate treatment duration lead to restitutio ad integrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kirsten
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland.
| | - J Haiduk
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - P Nenoff
- Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Partnerschaft Prof. Dr. med. Pietro Nenoff & Dr. med. Constanze Krüger, Rötha OT Mölbis, Deutschland
| | - S Uhrlaß
- Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Partnerschaft Prof. Dr. med. Pietro Nenoff & Dr. med. Constanze Krüger, Rötha OT Mölbis, Deutschland
| | - M Ziemer
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - J C Simon
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
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Liu ZH, Xia XJ, Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Sang B, Li QP, Wang M, Lv WW, Zhi HL, Wang XD, Guan CP, Shen H. Favus of Scrotum Due to Trichophyton rubrum in Immunocompetent Patients: A Clinical, Mycological and Ultrastructural Study. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:433-439. [PMID: 30976954 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the clinical and mycological features of favus of scrotum due to Trichophyton rubrum. METHODS A single-site prospective study was carried out in an outpatient dermatology clinic. Microscopic examination and fungal culture were done using skin scrapings. Scales on the scrotum were stained with PAS and visualized by microscopy, including in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Two strains were analyzed by RAPD typing. Scutular lesions were fixed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Cultures of the scale from the scrotum and/or groin in all patients showed a growth of T. rubrum. T. rubrum strains from scrotum and groins in one patient were demonstrated as the same strain by RAPD typing. The average age of patients was 34.1 ± 12.78 years. The mean course was 8.2 ± 5.07 days. All the patients received only topical treatment for 2 weeks without recurrence. Direct smear, calcofluor-white staining and in vivo RCM study of the scrotal favus in patients showed a massive number of septate branching hyphae, while fewer septate hyphae in scales in the groin. Abundant hyphae were found only in the outer layer of the stratum corneum of the scrotum under SEM and TEM with intact bilateral cell walls, and normal nucleus, liposomes and reticulum. Few distorted hyphae structures, cell wall degeneration, degenerated cytoplasm and the autophagy phenomenon could be seen in scales from groin under TEM. CONCLUSIONS Scrotal favus due to T. rubrum is still a true infection, which most often occurred in immunocompetent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiu-Jiao Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ping Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Lv
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Lin Zhi
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Ping Guan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Anhui Medical University, West Lake Rd 38, Hanghzou, 310009, People's Republic of China
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Jiang Y, Zhan P, Al-Hatmi AMS, Shi G, Wei Y, van den Ende AHGG, Meis JF, Lu H, de Hoog GS. Extensive tinea capitis and corporis in a child caused by Trichophyton verrucosum. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:62-66. [PMID: 30799183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old boy presented with multiple lesions of tinea corporis with dermatophytids, and subsequent inflammatory lesions with alopecia on the scalp. At the beginning, topical clobetasone butyrate was prescribed. The infection was diagnosed as dermatophytosis on the basis of positive direct microscopy and fungal culture. The etiological agent was isolated from all sampled sites and identified as Trichophyton verrucosum. Clonal nature of the infection was confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The child lived in close vicinity of cattle. He was successfully treated with itraconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Zhan
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China.
| | - A M S Al-Hatmi
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Centre/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Y Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - J F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Centre/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - G S de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China; Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Centre/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jha B, Bhattarai S, Sapkota J, Sharma M, Bhatt CP. Dermatophytes in Skin, Nail and Hair among the Patients Attending Out Patient Department. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2019; 16:434-437. [PMID: 30739936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytosis are the most common types of cutaneous fungal infection seen in human and animals affecting skin, hair and nails caused by dermatophytes. The diagnosis of dermatophytes is based on the clinical observation and laboratory diagnosis by direct microscopic examination and fungal cultures. The present study is undertaken to isolate different type of dermatophytes causing fungal infection. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study design was used in a total of 90 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytic infection attending the out patient department of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching hospital (KMCTH). Skin scraping, hair and nail samples were collected from the patients and were processed by direct microscopy and culture using standard protocol. Dermatophytes were identified based on the microscopic arrangement of microconidia and macroconidia. RESULTS Dermatophytosis was more common in the age group of 21-40 years and was more predominant among male with male to female ratio of 1.7: 1. Among the total clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis, 53 were positive in direct microscopy and only a total of 20 were positive by culture. Most common clinical type observed in our study was Tinea corporis(25%) followed by Tinea cruris. Trichophyton rubrum(50%) was the commonest aetiological agent in majority of clinical types followed by Trychophyton mentagrophytes(35%). CONCLUSIONS The study highlighted T. corporis followed by T. cruris and T. unguim as the most common clinical pattern of dermatophytosis with a male predominance and 21-40 years being the most affected age group. T. rubram was the most common aetiological agent causing dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena Jha
- Department of Microbiology, Kathmandu Medical College, Duwakot, Bhaktapur and Teaching Hospital, Nepal
| | - Sabina Bhattarai
- Department of Dermatology and venereology, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jyotshna Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Kathmandu Medical College, Duwakot, Bhaktapur and Teaching Hospital, Nepal
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Kathmandu Medical College, Duwakot, Bhaktapur and Teaching Hospital, Nepal
| | - Chandra Prakash Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology, Kathmandu Medical College, Duwakot, Bhaktapur and Teaching Hospital, Nepal
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Sigsgaard VV, Saunte DML, Fabricius S, Jemec GEB. [Not Available]. Ugeskr Laeger 2018; 180:V69426. [PMID: 30259828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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13
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Liu C, Zhang L, Zeng HY, Bei H, Chen SP, Wu YX, Luo WX, Fang Q, Liu PM. The Energy Density and Treatment Times Are the Main Factors That Affect the Efficacy of Long-Pulsed 1,064-nm Nd:YAG Laser Treatment for Onychomycosis Caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Dermatology 2018; 234:105-111. [PMID: 30041183 DOI: 10.1159/000489395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Veasey JV, Muzy GDSC. Tinea capitis: correlation of clinical presentations to agents identified in mycological culture. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:465-466. [PMID: 29924231 PMCID: PMC6001095 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Verrinder Veasey
- Sector of Infectious Dermatoses, Dermatology Clinic, Santa Casa de
São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Nenoff
- Labor für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Mölbis, Germany
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16
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Pchelin IM, Azarov DV, Chilina GA, Dmitriev KA, Vasilyeva NV, Taraskina AE. Single-nucleotide polymorphism in a local population of Trichophyton rubrum. Med Mycol 2018; 56:125-128. [PMID: 28204589 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum is an important causative agent of superficial mycoses worldwide. To uncover a genetic composition of a local population of this fungus, we sequenced A7C99_6411 and A7C99_6714 loci, coding for hypothetical proteins and revealed two complex genotypes, differing by a single missense mutation in each locus. One of the two A7C99_6411/6714 genotypes was not found in tinea pedis cases and demonstrated mostly longer TRS-1 elements when compared to another genotype. Thus, we present a description of nucleotide polymorphism in protein-coding loci in T. rubrum and provide evidence for ecological preferences of T. rubrum genotypes at a local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M Pchelin
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daniil V Azarov
- Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology and Disinfectology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina A Chilina
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill A Dmitriev
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalya V Vasilyeva
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia E Taraskina
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Fabrizi V, Zacconi I, Principato M, Pesca C, Cruciani D, Crotti S, Papini M. Toenail onychomycosis by Trichophyton rubrum and concurrent infestation with Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Infez Med 2017; 25:377-380. [PMID: 29286021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A remarkable case of onychomycosis by Trichophyton (T.) rubrum combined with nail infestation by Tyrophagus (T.) putrescentiae in an elderly diabetic farmer is described and discussed. Large numbers of eggs and mites in all development stages were present in nail debris, reflecting active reproduction on site. Treatment with ivermectin 0.1% cream and environmental decontamination cleared the mite infestation, while onychomycosis responded well to oral terbinafine and ciclopirox 8% nail lacquer. Such a combination of onychomycosis and mite infestation of the same nail is an exceptional finding reported only twice in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fabrizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Biomediche, Clinica Dermatologica di Terni, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Ivana Zacconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Biomediche, Clinica Dermatologica di Terni, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Mario Principato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sezione di Parassitologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Pesca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Deborah Cruciani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Crotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Manuela Papini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Biomediche, Clinica Dermatologica di Terni, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
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Ysquierdo CA, Olafson PU, Thomas DB. Fungi Isolated From House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on Penned Cattle in South Texas. J Med Entomol 2017; 54:705-711. [PMID: 28399217 PMCID: PMC5421610 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Musca domestica L. were collected from cattle diagnosed with bovine ringworm to evaluate the potential of the house fly to disseminate Trichophyton verrucosum E. Bodin, a fungal dermatophyte that is the causative agent for ringworm in cattle. Fungal isolates were cultured from 45 individual flies on supplemented Sabouraud dextrose agar, and isolates were identified using morphological and microscopic approaches. Each isolate was identified further by PCR amplification of the ribosomal DNA locus with fungal-specific primers and subsequent amplicon sequencing. Trichophyton verrucosum was not identified using these approaches. However, 35 different fungal species representing 17 genera were cultured from collected flies, including several species that are allergenic and pathogenic to humans and animals. Several species within the fungal orders Hypocreales, Microascales, Onygenales, Saccharomycetales, Xylaniales, and Agaricales were observed for the first time on house flies. The most frequent fungus recovered was Cladosporium cladosporoides Fresen, which is known to be a ubiquitous, airborne allergen to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherity A Ysquierdo
- Department of Health & Biomedical Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd., Brownsville, TX 78521
| | - Pia U Olafson
- USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX 78028
| | - Donald B Thomas
- USDA-ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Moore Airfield Base 22675 N. Moorefield Rd., Edinburg, TX 78541
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Monwar S, Hossain MA, Boby F, Begum H, Begum N. Diagnosis of Dermatophytosis by Conventional Methods and Comparatative analysis of Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Dermatophyte Test Medium for Isolation of Dermatophytes. Mymensingh Med J 2017; 26:293-299. [PMID: 28588164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a fungal disease which ranked as one of the most common cutaneous condition in all over the world. The aim of this cross sectional observational study is to identify the etiological agent of dermatophytosis and comparison of Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte test medium (DTM) for the primary isolation of dermatophytes among the clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis from the outpatient Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from July 2013 to December 2015. Two hundred thirty clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis were subjected in this study. Sixty three cases (27.4%) were positive for fungus in direct microscopy while 53(23%) were culture positive. Trichophyton rubrum (83%) was found common etiological dermatophyte species followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes 5(9.4%) and Epidermophyton floccosum 4(7.5%). There was no statistically significant difference between the SDA and DTM (p<0.01) in primary isolation of dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Monwar
- Dr Shabiha Monwar, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Marks Medical College, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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21
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Polesie S, Modin M. Waxing and Waning Bullous Hand Lesions: A Quiz. Acta Derm Venereol 2017; 97:416-417. [PMID: 27722765 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Polesie
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gröna stråket 16, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden. ,
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Kouara S, Ait Hlilou B, Abbadi A, Khalki H, Benbella I, Lahmadi K, Er-Rami M. [Trichophyton tonsurans associated with non-albicans Candida species in hands onychomycosis about a Moroccan case]. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:119-123. [PMID: 28040418 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trichophyton tonsurans is an anthropophilic dermatophyte, frequent in the USA and in Asia where it is responsible for causing tinea capitis. At present, we attend an emergence of this species in certain regions where it was not or little met. Here, we report a case of onychomycosis of the hand due to T. tonsurans associated with non-albicans Candida species at an adult woman. OBSERVATION The patient is a 62-year-old woman, with hypertension and diabetes. She reports the rather frequent use of chemical cleaners for the housework. She presented one year previously a distal onycholysis of the last four fingers of the left hand. The clinical examination objectified a presence of intertrigo in the second interdigital space. The mycological examination showed at the direct examination mycelial elements and the culture allowed the isolation of T. tonsurans associated with non-albicans Candida species. DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION Our observation highlights especially the identification of a species, which has been described only once in Morocco about a case with onychomycosis of the feet. A possible emergence of this species in our country is not far from being possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kouara
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismaïl, boulevard Mohamed, El Hansali, Meknès 50000, Maroc.
| | - B Ait Hlilou
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismaïl, boulevard Mohamed, El Hansali, Meknès 50000, Maroc
| | - A Abbadi
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismaïl, boulevard Mohamed, El Hansali, Meknès 50000, Maroc
| | - H Khalki
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismaïl, boulevard Mohamed, El Hansali, Meknès 50000, Maroc
| | - I Benbella
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismaïl, boulevard Mohamed, El Hansali, Meknès 50000, Maroc
| | - K Lahmadi
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismaïl, boulevard Mohamed, El Hansali, Meknès 50000, Maroc
| | - M Er-Rami
- Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismaïl, boulevard Mohamed, El Hansali, Meknès 50000, Maroc
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Boyd AS. Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton rubrum mimicking favus. Cutis 2016; 98:389-391. [PMID: 28099533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Favus is an uncommon form of tinea capitis (TC) currently seen in geographic areas with poor sanitation and limited access to health care such as emerging nations. Several variants of this condition have been described including one exhibiting a plaque composed of parchmentlike material. The makeup of this plaque has not been described. Tinea capitis is rare in adults, particularly when the infectious agent is Trichophyton rubrum, and affected patients often exhibit comorbidities associated with diminished immune surveillance. This case report describes an elderly woman with TC due to T rubrum mimicking a rare form of favus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Boyd
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richard K Scher
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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Abstract
Dermatophytes evolve along with the geography and socioeconomic conditions. Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton schoenleinii acted as the major pathogens of superficial fungal diseases 100 years ago, but their frequency decreased dramatically since the middle of the twentieth century and they are limited to some less-developed countries nowadays; meanwhile, frequency of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis increased gradually, and these fungi have become the major species globally. Some other dermatophytes, i.e., Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum ferrugineum, are mainly endemic in some parts of Africa, Asia and Europe. At present, T. rubrum is the leading pathogen for skin and nail fungal infections, whereas M. canis, T. tonsurans and T. violaceum present as the predominant dermatophytes involved in tinea capitis. Population mobility, changes in human lifestyle and advents of antifungal drugs will continually drive the dermatophyte evolution in the skin microenvironment. Comprehensive observation is needed to better understand this kind of organisms and prospect the trends of their changes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhan
- Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province and Dermatology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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Abstract
Background: Dermatophytes can mimic or possibly trigger mycosis fungoides (MF). Objectives: To present the case of a 55-year-old male referred for MF refractory to therapy who instead had extensive tinea pseudoimbricata (concentric, annular lesions secondary to Trichophyton rubrum). Methods: Case report with biopsy and cultures. Results: Oral antifungal therapy dramatically improved his lesions, and only a few MF lesions persisted after treatment. Conclusions: Concurrent tinea may confound the treatment and diagnosis of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Poonawalla
- Department of Dermatology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Gerba CP, Sifuentes LY, Lopez GU, Abd-Elmaksoud S, Calabrese J, Tanner B. Wide-spectrum activity of a silver-impregnated fabric. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:689-90. [PMID: 26827093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fabrics, such as clothing, drapes, pillowcases, and bedsheets are potential sources of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. We found fabrics (ie, professional clothing, pillowcases, and lab coats) treated with a silver-impregnated material to be effective in significantly reducing a wide spectrum of ordinary and drug-resistant microorganisms, including Salmonella, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Trichphyton mentagrophytes, and norovirus. Fabrics impregnated with antimicrobial agents help provide an additional barrier to the transport or reservoir of pathogens in health care environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Gerba
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Laura Y Sifuentes
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Gerardo U Lopez
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
| | - Sherif Abd-Elmaksoud
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jesse Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Coulibaly O, Kone AK, Niaré-Doumbo S, Goïta S, Gaudart J, Djimdé AA, Piarroux R, Doumbo OK, Thera MA, Ranque S. Dermatophytosis among Schoolchildren in Three Eco-climatic Zones of Mali. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004675. [PMID: 27124571 PMCID: PMC4849727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytosis, and particularly the subtype tinea capitis, is common among African children; however, the risk factors associated with this condition are poorly understood. To describe the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in distinct eco-climatic zones, three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in public primary schools located in the Sahelian, Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean eco-climatic zones in Mali. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Among 590 children (average age 9.7 years) the overall clinical prevalence of tinea capitis was 39.3%. Tinea capitis prevalence was 59.5% in the Sudano-Guinean zone, 41.6% in the Sudanian zone and 17% in the Sahelian eco-climatic zone. Microsporum audouinii was isolated primarily from large and/or microsporic lesions. Trichophyton soudanense was primarily isolated from trichophytic lesions. Based on the multivariate analysis, tinea capitis was independently associated with male gender (OR = 2.51, 95%CI [1.74-3.61], P<10(-4)) and residing in the Sudano-Guinean eco-climatic zone (OR = 7.45, 95%CI [4.63-11.99], P<10(-4)). Two anthropophilic dermatophytes species, Trichophyton soudanense and Microsporum audouinii, were the most frequent species associated with tinea capitis among primary schoolchildren in Mali. CONCLUSIONS Tinea capitis risk increased with increasing climate humidity in this relatively homogenous schoolchild population in Mali, which suggests a significant role of climatic factors in the epidemiology of dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Coulibaly
- IP-TPT UMR MD3, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Département d’Épidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires/Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye K. Kone
- Département d’Épidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires/Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Safiatou Niaré-Doumbo
- Département d’Épidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires/Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Siaka Goïta
- Département d’Épidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires/Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jean Gaudart
- SESSTIM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale / Institut de Recherche pour le Développement / Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Abdoulaye A. Djimdé
- Département d’Épidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires/Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Renaud Piarroux
- IP-TPT UMR MD3, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Parasitologie & Mycologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Ogobara K. Doumbo
- Département d’Épidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires/Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou A. Thera
- Département d’Épidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires/Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- IP-TPT UMR MD3, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Parasitologie & Mycologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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29
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Piérard GE. [Dermatomycoses due to dermatophytes]. Rev Med Liege 2016; 71:147-153. [PMID: 27311247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophytoses are frequent skin diseases. They are caused by anthropophilic, zoophilic or geophilic agents from the Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton genus. The clinical aspects distinguish diverse tinea on the scalp, distinct tinea of glabrous skin corresponding to lesions on the body, face, large folds as well as on palms and soles. Nails are also affected by dermatophytes. According to the involved area, the antifungal treatments are adapted to the nature and location of the fungus.
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30
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Lee WJ, Sim HB, Jang YH, Lee SJ, Kim DW, Jun JB, Bang YJ. Skin Infection due to Trichophyton tonsurans Still Occurs in People in Korea but not as Outbreaks. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:296-300. [PMID: 26839486 PMCID: PMC4729512 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1995, Trichophyton tonsurans has been one of the causative agents of dermatophytosis in Korea. Herein we evaluate 77 patients infected with T. tonsurans who visited an outpatient clinic between 2004 and 2014. Infections due to T. tonsurans were diagnosed by mycological examination, which included direct microscopic examination using 15% KOH and culture in potato dextrose agar complemented with 0.5% chloramphenicol. The annual prevalence of infection due to T. tonsurans was the highest in 2014 (15 cases) but remained constant in non-gladiators between 2004 and 2014. The ratio of male to female patients was 1:0.3. The spring season presented the highest incidence compared with other seasons, with 27 cases. The incidence of infections due to T. tonsurans among gladiators was highest in spring compared with the other seasons whereas the incidence in non-gladiators was the highest in the winter. The body site most commonly affected was the face. Tinea corporis was the most common subtype of dermatophytosis caused by T. tonsurans. Herein, we demonstrate that the prevalence of infection with T. tonsurans remain constant throughout the study period in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Bo Sim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok-Jong Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Do Won Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Bok Jun
- Institute of Medical Mycology, Catholic Skin Clinic, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Jun Bang
- Institute of Medical Mycology, Catholic Skin Clinic, Daegu, Korea
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Piraccini BM, Bruni F, Alessandrini A, Starace M. Evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of four weeks bifonazole treatment after nail ablation with 40% urea in mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2016; 151:32-36. [PMID: 26472342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to verify efficacy and tolerability of sequential therapy with 40% urea paste followed by 1% bifonazole urea in mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis of the toenails. METHODS It was an seven weeks open study. Sequential patients affected by mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis of the toenails agreed to apply on the affected nail 40% urea paste in occlusion overnight for the first three weeks, with gentle scraping with a spatula the following day, followed by 1% bifonazole cream once a day for 4 weeks. Efficacy evaluation was based on mycology, clinical photography and investigator and patient assessment. Tolerability assessment included subjective and objective evaluations. RESULTS The ten patients enrolled (mean age 57.5 years) completed the study. Onychomycosis was caused in nine cases by dermatophytes and by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in one patient. At the end of the study, mycological examination was negative in all 10 patients. Clinical photographs showed a reduction of the percentage of the nail affected by onychomycosis in 8 cases, cure in 2 and considerable reduction of the nail thickness, already evident after 7 days. All patients reported to be satisfied by the treatment, which was judged easy to perform and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with urea and bifonazole is effective and well tolerated, and easy to do also by elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M Piraccini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy -
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Deng S, Zhou Z, de Hoog GS, Wang X, Abliz P, Sun J, Najafzadeh MJ, Pan W, Lei W, Zhu S, Hasimu H, Zhang P, Guo Y, Deng D, Liao W. Evaluation of two molecular techniques for rapid detection of the main dermatophytic agents of tinea capitis. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1494-500. [PMID: 26342174 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is very common in Western China, with the most widespread aetiological agent being Trichophyton violaceum, while Microsporum canis is prevalent in the remainder of China. Conventional diagnostics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analyses have proven relatively limited due to the close phylogenetic relationship of anthropophilic dermatophytes. Therefore, alternative molecular tools with sufficient specificity, reproducibility and sensitivity are necessary. OBJECTIVES To evaluate two molecular techniques [multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and rolling circle amplification (RCA)] for rapid detection of the aetiological agents of tinea capitis, T. violaceum and M. canis. METHODS Probes of RCA and MLPA were designed with target sequences in the rDNA ITS gene region. Strains tested consist of 31 T. violaceum, 22 M. canis and 24 reference strains of species that are taxonomically close to the target species. RESULTS The specificity and reproducibility of RCA and MLPA in detection of T. violaceum and M. canis were both 100% in both species. Sensitivity testing showed that RCA was positive at concentrations down to 1·68 × 10(6) copies of DNA in the TvioRCA probe, and 2·7 × 10(8) copies of DNA in McRCA. MLPA yielded positive results at concentrations of DNA down to 1·68 × 10(1) copies in the TvioMLPA probe and 2·7 × 10(2) in McMLPA. CONCLUSIONS The two techniques were sufficiently specific and sensitive for discriminating the target DNA of T. violaceum and M. canis from that of closely related dermatophytes. RCA and MLPA are advantageous in their reliability and ease of operation compared with standard polymerase chain reaction and conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Z Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Puyang Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang, Henan, China
| | - G S de Hoog
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - X Wang
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P Abliz
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - M J Najafzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology & Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - W Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Hasimu
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - D Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - W Liao
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Esposto MC, Lazzarini C, Prigitano A, Olivi A, Monti M, Tortorano AM. Trichophyton concentricum in skin lesions in children from the Salomon Islands. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2015; 150:491-494. [PMID: 26333549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Aim of the paper was to report cases of Tinea imbricata, a mycosis caused by the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton concentricum, observed in 2012 in Guadalcanal, the largest of the Salomon islands. METHODS During 2012, several cases of Tinea imbricata, called bakwa by local people, were observed in the Little Samaritan Hospital in Guadalcanal. Skin scrapings collected from three young patients were examined in Italy to confirm the clinical diagnosis. The fungus grown on culture was morphologically identified and submitted to sequencing of the ITS1-ITS2 region. RESULTS The diagnosis obtained by visual inspection of the skin lesions, characterised by concentric and lamellar plaques of scale often involving large part of the body, was confirmed mycological investigations. A prevalence of 15% of Tinea imbricata in this population was hypothesized. The fungus grown on culture was morphologically identified as Trichophyton concentricum and identification was confirmed sequencing the ITS1-ITS2 region. Patients were treated with potassium permanganate solution soaked gauze followed by colloidal sulfur and salicylic acid cream application. However, the efficacy of the antifungal treatment was difficult to evaluate due to the poor compliance of the patients and the remoteness of the villages. CONCLUSION Italian clinicians and mycologists should be aware of this fungal infection because the increased number of international travels and of migration rise the spread of infections previously restricted to limited geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Esposto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy -
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Monwar S, Hossain MA, Mahmud MC, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Joly SN, Begum H, Abdullah SA, Haque N, Sarkar SR. Pattern of Dermatophytes in Patients Attend in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:684-690. [PMID: 26620004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a common fungal disease which involves the keratinized tissue. This is an attempt to observe the spectrum of dermatophytes among the clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh during the period of July 2013 to December 2014. Two hundred thirty (230) clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis were subjected in this study. Sixty three cases (27.39%) were positive for fungus in direct microscopy while 53(23.04%) were culture positive. Among the clinical types tinea unguium was the most common followed by tinea corporis. Dermatophytosis was more common in the age group of 21-30 years. The male to female ratio was 1.53:1. Trichophyton rubrum 44(83.04%) was found common etiological dermatophyte species followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes 5(9.43%) and Epidermophyton floccosum 4(7.55%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Monwar
- Dr Shabiha Monwar, Thesis part Student of M Phil Microbiology, Department Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Farina C, Fazii P, Imberti G, Lombardi G, Passera M, Andreoni S. Trichphyton violaceum and T. soudanese: re-emerging pathogens in Italy, 2005-2013. New Microbiol 2015; 38:409-415. [PMID: 26147152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dermatomycoses due to Trichophyton violaceum are described in Mediterranean Countries, North Africa and in the Horn of Africa where T. soudanense is present too, but it was rare until few years ago in Italy. Aim of the present study was to evaluate an Italian multicenter 9 year (2005-2013) experience concerning these re-emerging pathogens. Fifty three fungal strains were sent from clinical laboratories to the Medical Mycology Committee (CoSM)--Italian Association of Clinical Microbiology (AMCLI) for mycological confirmation. Strains were identified as T. violaceum (23) and T. soudanense (30) by phenotypic and genotypic methods. These dermatophytes present epidemiological (high rate of inter-human transmission, high risk among adopted children coming from countries of either the Horn of Africa or Sub-Saharan Africa also in outbreaks of tinea capitis) and clinical peculiarities (reduced alopecia, presence of exudative lesions) confirming the originality of these "imported" dermatophyte infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Farina
- USC Microbiologia e Virologia, AO 'Papa Giovanni XXIII', Bergamo, Italy
- USC Dermatologia, AO 'Papa Giovanni XXIII', Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paolo Fazii
- USC Dermatologia, AO 'Papa Giovanni XXIII', Bergamo, Italy
- Medical Mycology Committee (CoSM) - Italian Association of Clinical Microbiology (AMCLI)
| | - Gianlorenzo Imberti
- Laboratorio Microbiologia e Virologia Clinica, PO 'Santo Spirito', Pescara, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lombardi
- SC Microbiologia e Virologia, AO 'Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda', Milano, Italy
- Medical Mycology Committee (CoSM) - Italian Association of Clinical Microbiology (AMCLI)
| | - Marco Passera
- USC Microbiologia e Virologia, AO 'Papa Giovanni XXIII', Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stefano Andreoni
- Laboratorio Microbiologia e Virologia, AOU 'Maggiore della Carità', Novara, Italy
- Medical Mycology Committee (CoSM) - Italian Association of Clinical Microbiology (AMCLI)
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Drira I, Neji S, Hadrich I, Sellami H, Makni F, Ayadi A. Tinea manuum due to Trichophyton erinacei from Tunisia. J Mycol Med 2015; 25:200-3. [PMID: 26091573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trichophyton erinacei is a zoonotic fungus affecting hedgehogs. Although several human infections with this organism have been documented in the literature, it has rarely been isolated as a human pathogen. This paper reports on an erythematous lesion spotted on the hand of a 10-year-old girl. Based on the culture of the patient's skin scrapings, the pathogen was mycologically identified as T. erinacei, which was further confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers of the fungal nuclear ribosomal DNA using universal primer ITS1-ITS4. This is the first case of T. erinacei in a Tunisian patient. A survey was carried out on the environment of our patient, and the results revealed the presence of hedgehogs with suspect scaly lesions. The same fungus was isolated from the hair and scales of the hedgehog, which was confirmed by PCR sequencing. The frequency of T. erinacei has often been underestimated, which is attributed not only to the gaps of knowledge still existing in the current understanding of the dermatophyte but also to differential diagnosis problems. Molecular study offers a simple and rapid tool to identify the source of infection and, hence, avoid the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Drira
- Laboratory of fungal and parasitic molecular biology, school of medicine, university of Sfax, Magida-Boulila street, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S Neji
- Laboratory of parasitology-mycology, UH Habib Bourguiba, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - I Hadrich
- Laboratory of fungal and parasitic molecular biology, school of medicine, university of Sfax, Magida-Boulila street, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - H Sellami
- Laboratory of fungal and parasitic molecular biology, school of medicine, university of Sfax, Magida-Boulila street, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - F Makni
- Laboratory of parasitology-mycology, UH Habib Bourguiba, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - A Ayadi
- Laboratory of fungal and parasitic molecular biology, school of medicine, university of Sfax, Magida-Boulila street, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of parasitology-mycology, UH Habib Bourguiba, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Lee WJ, Kim SL, Jang YH, Lee SJ, Kim DW, Bang YJ, Jun JB. Increasing Prevalence of Trichophyton rubrum Identified through an Analysis of 115,846 Cases over the Last 37 Years. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:639-43. [PMID: 25931797 PMCID: PMC4414650 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.5.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum is the most common dermatophyte in the world with the highest prevalence in Korea. There are few reports about epidemiological and mycological characteristics of T. rubrum based on long-term, large-scale studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of T. rubrum infections in Korea. We retrospectively investigated with patients' records about the epidemiological and mycological status of 115,846 cases with T. rubrum infection that was mycologically diagnosed at Catholic Skin Disease Clinic from 1979 to 2013. Direct microscopy in 15% KOH solution and culture was done in each case. The annual incidence of patients with T. rubrum infection had been increasing during the period; and of 131,122 patients with dermatophytosis, 115,846 patients (88.35%) had T. rubrum infection. Disease was most prevalent among patients in their twenties in the 1970s and 1980s; in their thirties in the 1990s; in their forties in the 2000s; and in their fifties in the 2010s. The sex ratio was 1.5:1. T. rubrum infection was most commonly seen in summer and was found predominantly in patients living in urban areas. Toe webs were most frequently involved, followed by toenails and groin. This epidemiologic findings provide useful information for prevention of T. rubrum infection and future dermatophytosis prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Lim Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok-Jong Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Do Won Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Jun Bang
- Institute of Medical Mycology, Catholic Skin Clinic, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Bok Jun
- Institute of Medical Mycology, Catholic Skin Clinic, Daegu, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Veraldi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, I.R.C.C.S. Foundation, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, IT-20122 Milan, Italy
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Zhang H, Xiong X, Liu T, Ran Y. Generalized superficial mycosis caused by Trichophyton raubitschekii in China: case report and review of the literature. Mycopathologia 2014; 179:279-84. [PMID: 25502847 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This is a generalized superficial mycosis case from which Trichophyton raubitschekii was isolated. A male adult was presented with a 3-year history of fingernail and toenail changes, and a 50-day history of severe and multiple skin lesions. He also complained of intense itching. T. raubitschekii was identified from every skin lesion (trunk, extremities and nail) through microscopic examination, physiological experiment and DNA sequencing. Generalized superficial mycosis was diagnosed and treated by administering a combination of oral (terbinafine tablets) and topical (naftifine hydrochloride and ketoconazole cream) antimycotic drugs. After treatment, the patient was cured and no recurrence has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People's Republic of China,
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40
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Wang YJ, Sun PL. Fungal melanonychia caused by Trichophyton rubrum and the value of dermoscopy. Cutis 2014; 94:E5-E6. [PMID: 25279488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Lun Sun
- No. 92, Section 2, Chungshan North Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Tinea barbae is a rare dermatophytosis that affects the hair and hair follicles of the beard and mustache. This paper presents 9 cases of tinea barbae observed over an 18-year period of time and classified as follows: 1 was superficial and 8 were deep (6 folliculitis-like and 2 kerion-like). Most of the cases (4) were associated with topical steroid therapy, others with pet contact (3 cases) and one with diabetes. The causal agents isolated were: Trichophyton rubrum in 3; Microsporum canis in 3; Trichophyton mentagrophytes in 2; and Trichophyton tonsurans in one. The involvement of the hair was observed and classified in all cases. The trichophytin skin reaction was positive in all 9 patients. All the patients were treated with systemic antimycotics, 3 cases with griseofulvin, 1 with ketoconazole, 3 with itraconazole, and 2 with terbinafine. Clinical and mycologic cures were achieved at 6 to 8 weeks of treatment at the usual doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Bonifaz
- Dermatology Service and Micology Department, General Hospital of Mexico, Dr. Balmis 148, col Doctores CP 06720, México D.F., Mexico
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Ilkit M, Tanir F, Hazar S, Gümüşay T, Akbab M. Epidemiology of Tinea Pedis and Toenail Tinea Unguium in Worshippers in the Mosques in Adana, Turkey. J Dermatol 2014; 32:698-704. [PMID: 16361711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatomycosis and the risk factors in those who perform their prayers in the mosques in the city center of Adana Province. The diagnosis of dermatomycosis was made on the basis of direct microscopy and/or culture in addition to clinical findings. Among 461 subjects, 136 (29.5%) had tinea pedis, 23 (5.0%) had tinea unguium, and 21 (4.5%) had both infections simultaneously, with a resulting total of 180 (39.0%) cases of dermatomycosis. The causative agents by frequency were: Trichophyton rubrum (67.0%), T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (31.1%), and Candida albicans (1.9%). The prevalence of the foot dermatomycosis was found to be high among those who practiced ablution 3-5 times a day and did not dry their feet immediately, who used rubber shoes, and/or who shared their shoes. Pedal dermatophyte infection seems to be a major problem among the adult Muslim male population regularly attending mosques especially in 5th and 6th decades of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macit Ilkit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana,Turkey
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Ogasawara Y, Hara J, Hiruma M, Muto M. A Case of Black Dot Ringworm Attributable toTrichophyton violaceum: A Simple Method for Identifying Macroconidia and Microconidia Formation by Fungi-Tape™ and MycoPerm-Blue™. J Dermatol 2014; 31:424-7. [PMID: 15187313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Accepted: 01/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An 85-year-old Japanese woman sought a dermatologic consultation for evaluation of a walnut-sized alopecia with pityroid desquamation in the parietal region of her scalp. She had been admitted to a nursing home about three months earlier, and, at that time, a thumb-tip-sized, scaly alopecia was noted. Several hairs at the site were eroded in a black dot. Direct KOH microscopy of affected hair showed large spore endothrix infection. To isolate macro- and microconidia for fungal identification, we incubated the affected hair and scales and obtained giant colonies in a special enriched medium. Using Fungi-tape and MycoPerm-Blue, we were able to collect and identify Trichophyton violaceum macro- and microconidia from the white, powdery, fluffy colony that slowly developed after about six weeks of growth on enriched medium. Over the past 20 years, only about 20 cases of tinea capitis caused by T. violaceum have been reported in Japan, and macroconidia have been identified in only 4 cases, including this one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumie Ogasawara
- Department of Dermatology and Biomolecular Recognition, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Abstract
We describe a nail drilling method suitable for the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Thirty-three patients with onychomycosis in which the big toenail had a white band or spike were enrolled in this study. We drilled a hole about 3-mm-wide in the most proximal part of the white band or spike using a ball-shaped metal file and then, through the hole, sampled the underlying nail material softened by fungi after removing the superficial hard nail plate. Fungi in 32 (97.0%) of the nail samples were detected by direct KOH examination. When incubated on Sabouraud's dextrose agar slant with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, fungal cultures were obtained from 27 (81.8%) of the 33 nail samples. Fourteen of the fungal isolates were identified as T. rubrum, 11 as T. mentagrophytes, and 2 as Acremonium sp. The nail drilling method is suitable for diagnosing onychomycosis with a white band or spike, because it gives a high isolation rate and leaves the patients' nail relatively more intact compared with other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mochizuki
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku 1-1, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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Abstract
The diagnosis of tinea pedis is usually confirmed by microscopy and culture of skin scrapings. Isolating dermatophytes by fungal culture gives more reliable proof of infection and has the advantage of identifying the causative organisms. Nevertheless, culture examination is complementary to microscopy and is not routinely performed because it is time- and cost-consuming. Herein, we propose a new culturing method, the 'finger-sampling method', for collecting dermatophytes from patients' toe webs using the examiner's fingertip as a sample collection tool. Using this method, four toe webs of a foot can be examined at one time on one culture dish. Every toe web of 50 patients with untreated tinea pedis were examined, and dermatophytes were grown from 83 out of 107 (78%) KOH positive toe webs. The isolation ratio by the finger-sampling method was comparable to that by traditional slant culture of skin scrapings performed by skilled practitioners. Culture results were also positive in 19 out of 53 (36%) diseased but KOH negative toe webs and in 38 (16%) normal toe webs, suggesting the existence of unidentified infection. Additionally, we confirmed the efficacy of this method for detecting dermatophyte attachment on the healthy toe web skin of volunteers who had just been exposed to contaminated areas, i.e. Japanese public baths or a bath mat stepped on by a patient disseminating dermatophyte propagules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Sano
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Medicine, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Dąbrowska I, Dworecka-Kaszak B, Brillowska-Dąbrowska A. The use of a one-step PCR method for the identification of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection of pets. Acta Biochim Pol 2014; 61:375-378. [PMID: 24945136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dermatophytes are a closely related group of keratinophilic fungi. They encompass important etiological agents of superficial fungal infections. These fungi are able to invade keratinized tissues of humans and animals, causing dermatophytosis (ringworm) of hair, nails or skin. THE AIM Traditional diagnostics of ringworm is based on morphological identification of cultured fungi and is time-consuming. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we applied a method patented by Brillowska-Dabrowska and coworkers (Brillowska-Dąbrowska A, Saunte DM, Arenderup MC, 2007, Five-hour diagnosis of dermatophyte nail infections with specific detection of Trichophyton rubrum. J Clin Microbiol 45: 1200-1204) which involves extraction of fungal DNA and PCR amplification with pan-dermatophyte primers to confirm the presence of dermatophytes. RESULTS The method used here is able to confirm the presence of dermatophyte DNA in pure cultures in less than 5 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Dąbrowska
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bożena Dworecka-Kaszak
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
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Iwanaga T, Anzawa K, Mochizuki T. Quantification of dermatophyte viability for evaluation of antifungal effect by quantitative PCR. Mycopathologia 2014; 177:241-9. [PMID: 24760383 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a common disease caused by dermatophyte fungi such as Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. A method of quantifying fungal viability in the lesions of dermatophytosis is indispensable for understanding the therapeutic process and outcome; however, no such method has yet been developed. The aim of this study was to develop a method for quantifying dermatophyte viability by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D1/D2 regions, including each of rRNA and rDNA, were chosen as the targets, and dermatophyte-specific primer pairs were designed corresponding to ITS and D1/D2 regions. The amounts of target RNA and DNA after heat or antifungal treatment were measured by qPCR and compared with colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. RNA and DNA could extract from dermatophytes by mechanical pulverization of conidia using a Multi-Beads Shocker cell disruptor. Our method was sufficiently sensitive to detect 10 copies by qPCR using both ITS and D1/D2 primer pairs. The most sensitive target was ITS-cDNA after heat or antifungal treatment, and essentially consistent with CFU counts. On the other hands, ITS-DNA and D1/D2-DNA were not decreased soon after heat or antifungal treatment, but those were decreased significantly and reflected the CFU counts after 48 h of antifungal treatment. We conclude that ITS-cDNA is useful mainly for quantifying dermatophyte viability at early responses, but ITS-DNA and D1/D2-DNA are also available for evaluation, which does not need an early response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nenoff
- Haut- und Laborarzt/Allergologie, Andrologie, Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Partnerschaft Prof. Dr. med. Pietro Nenoff & Dr. med. Constanze Krüger, Straße des Friedens 8, 04579, Mölbis, Deutschland,
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Abstract
Zoophilic fungal infections are a prevalent disease in tropical countries and clinicians must consider them in the differential diagnosis of pruritic skin lesions. We report a clinical case of Trichophyton erinacei skin infection after recreational exposure to an Asian Elephant. As far as we were able to search the literature, it is the first case described after contact with elephants.
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Cinotti E, Perrot JL, Labeille B, Moragues A, Raberin H, Flori P, Cambazard F. [Tinea corporis diagnosed by reflectance confocal microscopy]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2014; 141:150-2. [PMID: 24507212 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Cinotti
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 2, France
| | - J L Perrot
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 2, France
| | - B Labeille
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 2, France.
| | - A Moragues
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 2, France
| | - H Raberin
- Service de parasitologie, hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 2, France
| | - P Flori
- Service de parasitologie, hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 2, France
| | - F Cambazard
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 2, France; Faculté de médecine Jacques-Lisfranc, université de Saint-Étienne, 15, rue Ambroise-Paré, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
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