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Nwaefuna AE, Garcia-Aloy M, Loeto D, Ncube T, Gombert AK, Boekhout T, Alwasel S, Zhou N. Dung beetle-associated yeasts display multiple stress tolerance: a desirable trait of potential industrial strains. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:309. [PMID: 37884896 PMCID: PMC10601127 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-tolerant yeasts are highly desirable for cost-effective bioprocessing. Several strategies have been documented to develop robust yeasts, such as genetic and metabolic engineering, artificial selection, and natural selection strategies, among others. However, the significant drawbacks of such techniques have motivated the exploration of naturally occurring stress-tolerant yeasts. We previously explored the biodiversity of non-conventional dung beetle-associated yeasts from extremophilic and pristine environments in Botswana (Nwaefuna AE et.al., Yeast, 2023). Here, we assessed their tolerance to industrially relevant stressors individually, such as elevated concentrations of osmolytes, organic acids, ethanol, and oxidizing agents, as well as elevated temperatures. RESULTS Our findings suggest that these dung beetle-associated yeasts tolerate various stresses comparable to those of the robust bioethanol yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ethanol Red™). Fifty-six percent of the yeast isolates were tolerant of temperatures up to 42 °C, 12.4% of them could tolerate ethanol concentrations up to 9% (v/v), 43.2% of them were tolerant to formic acid concentrations up to 20 mM, 22.7% were tolerant to acetic acid concentrations up to 45 mM, 34.0% of them could tolerate hydrogen peroxide up to 7 mM, and 44.3% of the yeasts could tolerate osmotic stress up to 1.5 M. CONCLUSION The ability to tolerate multiple stresses is a desirable trait in the selection of novel production strains for diverse biotechnological applications, such as bioethanol production. Our study shows that the exploration of natural diversity in the search for stress-tolerant yeasts is an appealing approach for the development of robust yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ejiro Nwaefuna
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Metabolomics Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele All'Adige, Italy
| | - Daniel Loeto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag, 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Thembekile Ncube
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Andreas K Gombert
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
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de Hulster E, Mooiman C, Timmermans R, Mans R. Automated Evolutionary Engineering of Yeasts. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2513:255-270. [PMID: 35781210 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2399-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary engineering of microbes provides a powerful tool for untargeted optimization of (engineered) cell factories and identification of genetic targets for further research. Directed evolution is an intrinsically time-intensive effort, and automated methods can significantly reduce manual labor. Here, design considerations for various evolutionary engineering methods are described, and generic workflows for batch-, chemostat-, and accelerostat-based evolution in automated bioreactors are provided. These methods can be used to evolve yeast cultures for >1000 generations and are designed to require minimal manual intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik de Hulster
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Mooiman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Mans
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Rousta N, Ferreira JA, Taherzadeh MJ. Production of L-carnitine-enriched edible filamentous fungal biomass through submerged cultivation. Bioengineered 2021; 12:358-368. [PMID: 33323030 PMCID: PMC8806343 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1863618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The edible filamentous fungi are hot candidate for future supply of functional food and feed with e.g. protein, essential amino acids, and compounds with immunostimulant activity. L-carnitine that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism represents a functional compound normally produced by Zygomycetes filamentous fungus Rhizopus oligosporus in solid-state fermentation. The present study provides the first insights on production of L-carnitine-enriched edible fungal biomass through submerged cultivation of several Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes including Aspergillus oryzae, Neurospora intermedia, Rhizopus oryzae, and Rhizopus oligosporus. A. oryzae with 3 mg L-carnitine yield per gram of fungal biomass, indicates great potential on production of this bioactive compound which is remarkably higher than the other tested fungi in this work and also previous studies. In addition to fungal strain, other factors such as cultivation time and presence of yeast extract were found to play a role. Further studies on submerged growth optimization of A. oryzae in both high-quality recipes and in medium based on low-value substrates are proposed in order to clarify its potential for production of L-carnitine-enriched fungal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Jorge A. Ferreira
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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Castro L, Blázquez ML, González F, Muñoz JÁ. Biohydrometallurgy for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Industrial Wastes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206200. [PMID: 34684778 PMCID: PMC8538766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biohydrometallurgy recovers metals through microbially mediated processes and has been traditionally applied for the extraction of base metals from low-grade sulfidic ores. New investigations explore its potential for other types of critical resources, such as rare earth elements. In recent times, the interest in rare earth elements (REEs) is growing due to of their applications in novel technologies and green economy. The use of biohydrometallurgy for extracting resources from waste streams is also gaining attention to support innovative mining and promote a circular economy. The increase in wastes containing REEs turns them into a valuable alternative source. Most REE ores and industrial residues do not contain sulfides, and bioleaching processes use autotrophic or heterotrophic microorganisms to generate acids that dissolve the metals. This review gathers information towards the recycling of REE-bearing wastes (fluorescent lamp powder, spent cracking catalysts, e-wastes, etc.) using a more sustainable and environmentally friendly technology that reduces the impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castro
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28935 Móstoles, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.B.); (F.G.); (J.Á.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - María Luisa Blázquez
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.B.); (F.G.); (J.Á.M.)
| | - Felisa González
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.B.); (F.G.); (J.Á.M.)
| | - Jesús Ángel Muñoz
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.B.); (F.G.); (J.Á.M.)
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5
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Zhou W, Liao Z, Wu Z, Suyama T, Zhang W. Analysis of the difference between aged and degenerated pit mud microbiome in fermentation cellars for Chinese Luzhou-flavor baijiu by metatranscriptomics. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4621-4631. [PMID: 33474773 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Chinese Luzhou-flavor baijiu (LFB) was fermented in an underground cellar, and the bottom and side of the cellar were covered with pit muds (PMs), where the metabolic activity of the microorganisms had a significant effect on the LFB quality. PMs can be divided into aged pit mud (AP) and degenerated pit mud (DP), thus, the qualities of LFB generated from AP and DP were different. In this essay, metatranscriptomics method was applied to illustrate the differences of the two PMs, as well as to search out the pivotal microorganisms and genes influencing the quality of LFB. RESULTS Archaea, Clostridium and some thermophilic microorganisms might bring significant effect in AP, while the active eukaryota and Anaeromyxobacter would cause degeneration in PM. Also, the metabolism of carbohydrate and amino acid were more active in AP. What is more, carbohydrate, amino acid and their derivant can produce important organic acids via the activity of the microorganisms in PMs. There were eight critical enzymes noticed in the organic acids metabolic pathway, which were more actively expressed in AP, demonstrating active expression of the critical genes related to organic acid metabolism could have a positive effect on LFB quality. CONCLUSION This study identified specific differences in active microorganisms, active expressed genes and the expression levels of key genes in vital metabolic pathway between AP and DP. Which may be the actual reason for the differences in the quality of LFB made from different PMs. Mastering these results will provide assistance to improve the quality of LFB. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Liquor and Food Engineering, Sichuan Technology and Business College, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Zuomin Liao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyun Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taikei Suyama
- Akashi National College of Technology, Akashi, Japan
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Liquor-Making Engineering, Sichuan University Jinjiang College, Meishan, China
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Guo Y, Huang Y, Pang S, Zhou T, Lin Z, Yu H, Zhang G, Bhatt P, Chen S. Novel Mechanism and Kinetics of Tetramethrin Degradation Using an Indigenous Gordonia cholesterolivorans A16. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179242. [PMID: 34502147 PMCID: PMC8431606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetramethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide that is commonly used worldwide. The toxicity of this insecticide into the living system is an important concern. In this study, a novel tetramethrin-degrading bacterial strain named A16 was isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Gordonia cholesterolivorans. Strain A16 exhibited superior tetramethrin degradation activity, and utilized tetramethrin as the sole carbon source for growth in a mineral salt medium (MSM). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the A16 strain was able to completely degrade 25 mg·L−1 of tetramethrin after 9 days of incubation. Strain A16 effectively degraded tetramethrin at temperature 20–40 °C, pH 5–9, and initial tetramethrin 25–800 mg·L−1. The maximum specific degradation rate (qmax), half-saturation constant (Ks), and inhibition constant (Ki) were determined to be 0.4561 day−1, 7.3 mg·L−1, and 75.2 mg·L−1, respectively. The Box–Behnken design was used to optimize degradation conditions, and maximum degradation was observed at pH 8.5 and a temperature of 38 °C. Five intermediate metabolites were identified after analyzing the degradation products through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which suggested that tetramethrin could be degraded first by cleavage of its carboxylester bond, followed by degradation of the five-carbon ring and its subsequent metabolism. This is the first report of a metabolic pathway of tetramethrin in a microorganism. Furthermore, bioaugmentation of tetramethrin-contaminated soils (50 mg·kg−1) with strain A16 (1.0 × 107 cells g−1 of soil) significantly accelerated the degradation rate of tetramethrin, and 74.1% and 82.9% of tetramethrin was removed from sterile and non-sterile soils within 11 days, respectively. The strain A16 was also capable of efficiently degrading a broad spectrum of synthetic pyrethroids including D-cyphenothrin, chlorempenthrin, prallethrin, and allethrin, with a degradation efficiency of 68.3%, 60.7%, 91.6%, and 94.7%, respectively, after being cultured under the same conditions for 11 days. The results of the present study confirmed the bioremediation potential of strain A16 from a contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (S.P.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (G.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (S.P.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (G.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (S.P.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (G.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (S.P.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (G.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (S.P.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (G.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxiao Yu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (S.P.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (S.P.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (G.Z.)
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (S.P.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (G.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (S.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8229 (P.B. & S.C.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0292 (P.B. & S.C.)
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (S.P.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (G.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (S.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8229 (P.B. & S.C.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0292 (P.B. & S.C.)
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Bonaccorsi di Patti MC, Cutone A, Nemčovič M, Pakanová Z, Baráth P, Musci G. Production of Recombinant Human Ceruloplasmin: Improvements and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158228. [PMID: 34360993 PMCID: PMC8347646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (CP) plays a crucial role in iron homeostasis in vertebrates together with the iron exporter ferroportin. Mutations in the CP gene give rise to aceruloplasminemia, a rare neurodegenerative disease for which no cure is available. Many aspects of the (patho)physiology of CP are still unclear and would benefit from the availability of recombinant protein for structural and functional studies. Furthermore, recombinant CP could be evaluated for enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of aceruloplasminemia. We report the production and preliminary characterization of high-quality recombinant human CP in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris SuperMan5. A modified yeast strain lacking the endogenous ferroxidase has been generated and employed as host for heterologous expression of the secreted isoform of human CP. Highly pure biologically active protein has been obtained by an improved two-step purification procedure. Glycan analysis indicates that predominant glycoforms HexNAc2Hex8 and HexNAc2Hex11 are found at Asn119, Asn378, and Asn743, three of the canonical four N-glycosylation sites of human CP. The availability of high-quality recombinant human CP represents a significant advancement in the field of CP biology. However, productivity needs to be increased and further careful glycoengineering of the SM5 strain is mandatory in order to evaluate the possible therapeutic use of the recombinant protein for enzyme replacement therapy of aceruloplasminemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Bonaccorsi di Patti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.d.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
| | - Marek Nemčovič
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.N.); (Z.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Zuzana Pakanová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.N.); (Z.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Baráth
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.N.); (Z.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Giovanni Musci
- Department Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.d.P.); (G.M.)
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Liu ZH, Hao N, Wang YY, Dou C, Lin F, Shen R, Bura R, Hodge DB, Dale BE, Ragauskas AJ, Yang B, Yuan JS. Transforming biorefinery designs with 'Plug-In Processes of Lignin' to enable economic waste valorization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3912. [PMID: 34162838 PMCID: PMC8222318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological lignin valorization has emerged as a major solution for sustainable and cost-effective biorefineries. However, current biorefineries yield lignin with inadequate fractionation for bioconversion, yet substantial changes of these biorefinery designs to focus on lignin could jeopardize carbohydrate efficiency and increase capital costs. We resolve the dilemma by designing 'plug-in processes of lignin' with the integration of leading pretreatment technologies. Substantial improvement of lignin bioconversion and synergistic enhancement of carbohydrate processing are achieved by solubilizing lignin via lowering molecular weight and increasing hydrophilic groups, addressing the dilemma of lignin- or carbohydrate-first scenarios. The plug-in processes of lignin could enable minimum polyhydroxyalkanoate selling price at as low as $6.18/kg. The results highlight the potential to achieve commercial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates as a co-product of cellulosic ethanol. Here, we show that the plug-in processes of lignin could transform biorefinery design toward sustainability by promoting carbon efficiency and optimizing the total capital cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Naijia Hao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yun-Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Chang Dou
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Furong Lin
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rongchun Shen
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Renata Bura
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David B Hodge
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Joshua S Yuan
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Innovation Hub, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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9
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Bekiaris PS, Klamt S. Designing microbial communities to maximize the thermodynamic driving force for the production of chemicals. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009093. [PMID: 34129600 PMCID: PMC8232427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities have become a major research focus due to their importance for biogeochemical cycles, biomedicine and biotechnological applications. While some biotechnological applications, such as anaerobic digestion, make use of naturally arising microbial communities, the rational design of microbial consortia for bio-based production processes has recently gained much interest. One class of synthetic microbial consortia is based on specifically designed strains of one species. A common design principle for these consortia is based on division of labor, where the entire production pathway is divided between the different strains to reduce the metabolic burden caused by product synthesis. We first show that classical division of labor does not automatically reduce the metabolic burden when metabolic flux per biomass is analyzed. We then present ASTHERISC (Algorithmic Search of THERmodynamic advantages in Single-species Communities), a new computational approach for designing multi-strain communities of a single-species with the aim to divide a production pathway between different strains such that the thermodynamic driving force for product synthesis is maximized. ASTHERISC exploits the fact that compartmentalization of segments of a product pathway in different strains can circumvent thermodynamic bottlenecks arising when operation of one reaction requires a metabolite with high and operation of another reaction the same metabolite with low concentration. We implemented the ASTHERISC algorithm in a dedicated program package and applied it on E. coli core and genome-scale models with different settings, for example, regarding number of strains or demanded product yield. These calculations showed that, for each scenario, many target metabolites (products) exist where a multi-strain community can provide a thermodynamic advantage compared to a single strain solution. In some cases, a production with sufficiently high yield is thermodynamically only feasible with a community. In summary, the developed ASTHERISC approach provides a promising new principle for designing microbial communities for the bio-based production of chemicals. Communities of microbes are ubiquitous in nature and also of high relevance for industrial applications, e.g. for the production of biogas. The development and use of non-natural communities for biotechnological applications has become an important subject of research. In this work, we present a new computational method to design synthetic communities with improved capabilities for the synthesis of desired target metabolites. Our method takes a constraint-based metabolic model of an organism as input and searches for a suitable partitioning of the product pathway via different strains of the organism such that the thermodynamic driving force for product synthesis is maximized. Essentially, this approach exploits the fact that having multiple strains allows adjustment of different metabolite concentrations in the different strains by which the thermodynamic driving force for product synthesis can often be increased. We tested this approach with a core and with a genome-scale metabolic network model of Escherichia coli. We found that, for dozens of metabolites, there exist communities with specifically designed strains of E. coli where the maximal thermodynamic driving force can be increased compared to a single E. coli strain. In summary, our presented method provides a new approach, together with a new design principle, for the computational design of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffen Klamt
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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10
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Clark RL, Connors BM, Stevenson DM, Hromada SE, Hamilton JJ, Amador-Noguez D, Venturelli OS. Design of synthetic human gut microbiome assembly and butyrate production. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3254. [PMID: 34059668 PMCID: PMC8166853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability to design microbiomes with predictable functions would enable new technologies for applications in health, agriculture, and bioprocessing. Towards this goal, we develop a model-guided approach to design synthetic human gut microbiomes for production of the health-relevant metabolite butyrate. Our data-driven model quantifies microbial interactions impacting growth and butyrate production separately, providing key insights into ecological mechanisms driving butyrate production. We use our model to explore a vast community design space using a design-test-learn cycle to identify high butyrate-producing communities. Our model can accurately predict community assembly and butyrate production across a wide range of species richness. Guided by the model, we identify constraints on butyrate production by high species richness and key molecular factors driving butyrate production, including hydrogen sulfide, environmental pH, and resource competition. In sum, our model-guided approach provides a flexible and generalizable framework for understanding and accurately predicting community assembly and metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Clark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bryce M Connors
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David M Stevenson
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan E Hromada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua J Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ophelia S Venturelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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11
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Breitling R, Avbelj M, Bilyk O, Carratore F, Filisetti A, Hanko EKR, Iorio M, Redondo RP, Reyes F, Rudden M, Severi E, Slemc L, Schmidt K, Whittall DR, Donadio S, García AR, Genilloud O, Kosec G, De Lucrezia D, Petković H, Thomas G, Takano E. Synthetic biology approaches to actinomycete strain improvement. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6289918. [PMID: 34057181 PMCID: PMC8195692 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Their biochemical versatility and biotechnological importance make actinomycete bacteria attractive targets for ambitious genetic engineering using the toolkit of synthetic biology. But their complex biology also poses unique challenges. This mini review discusses some of the recent advances in synthetic biology approaches from an actinomycete perspective and presents examples of their application to the rational improvement of industrially relevant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Breitling
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Martina Avbelj
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Oksana Bilyk
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Francesco Del Carratore
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | | | - Erik K R Hanko
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | | | | | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnologico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Michelle Rudden
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Lucija Slemc
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kamila Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Dominic R Whittall
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | | | | | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnologico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Gregor Kosec
- Acies Bio d.o.o., Tehnološki Park 21, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Davide De Lucrezia
- Explora Biotech Srl, Doulix business unit, Via Torino 107, 30133 Venice, Italy
| | - Hrvoje Petković
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gavin Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Eriko Takano
- Corresponding author: Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. E-mail:
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12
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Kim MS, Ro HS. Generation of Iron-Independent Siderophore-Producing Agaricus bisporus through the Constitutive Expression of hapX. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050724. [PMID: 34067973 PMCID: PMC8152254 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus secretes siderophore to uptake environmental iron. Siderophore secretion in A. bisporus was enabled only in the iron-free minimal medium due to iron repression of hapX, a transcriptional activator of siderophore biosynthetic genes. Aiming to produce siderophore using conventional iron-containing complex media, we constructed a recombinant strain of A. bisporus that escapes hapX gene repression. For this, the A. bisporushapX gene was inserted next to the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (pGPD) in a binary vector, pBGgHg, for the constitutive expression of hapX. Transformants of A. bisporus were generated using the binary vector through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. PCR and Northern blot analyses of the chromosomal DNA of the transformants confirmed the successful integration of pGPD-hapX at different locations with different copy numbers. The stable integration of pGPD-hapX was supported by PCR analysis of chromosomal DNA obtained from the 20 passages of the transformant. The transformants constitutively over-expressed hapX by 3- to 5-fold and sidD, a key gene in the siderophore biosynthetic pathway, by 1.5- to 4-fold in mRNA levels compared to the wild-type strain (without Fe3+), regardless of the presence of iron. Lastly, HPLC analysis of the culture supernatants grown in minimal medium with or without Fe3+ ions presented a peak corresponding to iron-chelating siderophore at a retention time of 5.12 min. The siderophore concentrations of the transformant T2 in the culture supernatant were 9.3-fold (−Fe3+) and 8-fold (+Fe3+) higher than that of the wild-type A. bisporus grown without Fe3+ ions, while no siderophore was detected in the wild-type supernatant grown with Fe3+. The results described here demonstrate the iron-independent production of siderophore by a recombinant strain of A. bisporus, suggesting a new application for mushrooms through molecular biological manipulation.
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Li S, Zheng X, Fang Q, Gong Y, Wang H. Exploring the potential of photosynthetic induction factor for the commercial production of fucoxanthin in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1769-1779. [PMID: 33844074 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the market price of fucoxanthin-based drugs remains high primarily because, on one hand, the main natural source of fucoxanthin, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum), is extremely low in endogenous fucoxanthin, while, on the other hand, fucoxanthin mass production has proved to be very challenging. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of increasing fucoxanthin bioaccumulation in P. tricornutum by promoting photosynthetic activity of this diatom. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of different concentrations of the photosynthetic induction factor (PIF) on fucoxanthin content and biosynthesis, on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and on the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in P. tricornutum. The results showed that the optimal PIF concentration was 1 µg L-1, while optimal time was 48 h, with the effect decreasing at 72 h. Fucoxanthin content increased by 44.2% compared to that of the control group in 48 h. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between fucoxanthin content and the actual photosynthetic yield of PS II (r = 0.949, P < 0.01). The total amount of energy actually used in photosystem II (PS II) by photosynthesis may be used as the main components affecting the biosynthesis of fucoxanthin in P. tricornutum. In addition, we found that using PIF to promote photosynthesis in P. tricornutum effectively increased the growth rate and bioaccumulation of fucoxanthin to an economically advantageous level, thereby providing a novel strategy for the commercial production of fucoxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heyu Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
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14
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Pascoal PV, Ribeiro DM, Cereijo CR, Santana H, Nascimento RC, Steindorf AS, Calsing LCG, Formighieri EF, Brasil BSAF. Biochemical and phylogenetic characterization of the wastewater tolerant Chlamydomonas biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40 strain cultivated in palm oil mill effluent. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249089. [PMID: 33826653 PMCID: PMC8026047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for water, food and energy poses challenges for the world´s sustainability. Tropical palm oil is currently the major source of vegetable oil worldwide with a production that exceeds 55 million tons per year, while generating over 200 million tons of palm oil mill effluent (POME). It could potentially be used as a substrate for production of microalgal biomass though. In this study, the microalgal strain Chlamydomonas biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40, originally isolated from a sugarcane vinasse stabilization pond, was selected among 17 strains tested for growth in POME retrieved from anaerobic ponds of a palm oil industrial plant located within the Amazon rainforest region. During cultivation in POME, C. biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40 biomass productivity reached 190.60 mgDW • L-1 • d-1 using 15L airlift flat plate photobioreactors. Carbohydrates comprised the major fraction of algal biomass (31.96%), while the lipidic fraction reached up to 11.3% of dry mass. Reductions of 99% in ammonium and nitrite, as well as 98% reduction in phosphate present in POME were detected after 5 days of algal cultivation. This suggests that the aerobic pond stage, usually used in palm oil industrial plants to reduce POME inorganic load, could be substituted by high rate photobioreactors, significantly reducing the time and area requirements for wastewater treatment. In addition, the complete mitochondrial genome of C. biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40 strain was sequenced, revealing a compact mitogenome, with 15.98 kb in size, a total of 14 genes, of which 9 are protein coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the strain taxonomic status within the Chlamydomonas genus, opening up opportunities for future genetic modification and molecular breeding programs in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Verdugo Pascoal
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Dágon Manoel Ribeiro
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Zambeze, Sofala, Mozambique
| | | | - Hugo Santana
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Carvalho Nascimento
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bruno S. A. F. Brasil
- Embrapa Agroenergia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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15
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Nunes PMB, Fraga JL, Ratier RB, Rocha-Leão MHM, Brígida AIS, Fickers P, Amaral PFF. Waste soybean frying oil for the production, extraction, and characterization of cell-wall-associated lipases from Yarrowia lipolytica. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:809-818. [PMID: 33389167 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lipolytic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica produces cell-wall-associated lipases, namely Lip7p and Lip8p, that could have interesting properties as catalyst either in free (released lipase fraction-RLF) or cell-associated (cell-bound lipase fraction-CBLF) forms. Herein, a mixture of waste soybean frying oil, yeast extract and bactopeptone was found to favor the enzyme production. Best parameters for lipase activation and release from the cell wall by means of acoustic wave treatment were defined as: 26 W/cm2 for 1 min for CBLF and 52 W/cm2 for 2 min for RLF. Optimal pH and temperature values for lipase activity together with storage conditions were similar for both the free enzyme and cell-associated one: pH 7.0; T = 37 °C; and > 70% residual activity for 60 days at 4, - 4 °C and for 15 days at 30 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M B Nunes
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149-CT, Bl. E, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Terra Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Av. de la Faculté 2B, 5030, Gelmbloux, Belgium
| | - Jully L Fraga
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149-CT, Bl. E, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Ratier
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149-CT, Bl. E, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena M Rocha-Leão
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149-CT, Bl. E, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ana I S Brígida
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Doutora Sara Mesquita, 2270, Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60511-110, Brazil
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Terra Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Av. de la Faculté 2B, 5030, Gelmbloux, Belgium
| | - Priscilla F F Amaral
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149-CT, Bl. E, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
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16
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Marques Júnior JE, Rocha MVP. Development of a purification process via crystallization of xylitol produced for bioprocess using a hemicellulosic hydrolysate from the cashew apple bagasse as feedstock. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021. [PMID: 33387004 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02480-9/figures/9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Xylitol was biotechnologically produced by Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC36907 using the hemicellulosic hydrolysate of the cashew apple bagasse (CABHH). Sequentially, the present study investigated the recovery and purification of xylitol evaluating different antisolvents [ethanol, isopropanol and the ionic liquid 2-hydroxyl-ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA)], their proportion in the medium (10-90% v/v), and their cooling rate (VC 0.25-0.50 °C/min). These processes were contrasted with the crystallization process of commercial xylitol. This study is the first to assess xylitol crystallization using a protic ionic liquid. The hydrolysate obtained from a mild treatment with sulfuric acid contained mainly glucose and xylose at concentrations of 15.7 g/L and 11.9 g/L, respectively. With this bioprocess, a maximum xylitol production of 4.5 g/L was achieved. The performance of the investigated antisolvents was similar in all conditions evaluated in the crystallization process of the commercial xylitol, with no significant difference in yields. For the crystallization processes of the produced xylitol, the best conditions were: 50% (v/v) isopropanol as antisolvent, cooling rate of 0.5 °C/min, with a secondary nucleation of yield and purity of 69.7% and 84.8%, respectively. Under the same linear cooling rate, using ethanol, isopropanol or the protic ionic liquid 2-hydroxyl-ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA), crystallization did not occur, probably due to the presence of carbohydrates not metabolized by the yeast in the broth, which influences the solubility curve of xylitol. With the results of this work, a possible economical and environmentally friendly process of recovery and purification of xylitol from CABHH could be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Edvan Marques Júnior
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceara, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceara, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-760, Brazil.
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17
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Marín S, Cortés M, Acosta M, Delgado K, Escuti C, Ayma D, Demergasso C. From Laboratory towards Industrial Operation: Biomarkers for Acidophilic Metabolic Activity in Bioleaching Systems. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040474. [PMID: 33806162 PMCID: PMC8065656 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the actual mining scenario, copper bioleaching, mainly raw mined material known as run-of-mine (ROM) copper bioleaching, is the best alternative for the treatment of marginal resources that are not currently considered part of the profitable reserves because of the cost associated with leading technologies in copper extraction. It is foreseen that bioleaching will play a complementary role in either concentration-as it does in Minera Escondida Ltd. (MEL)-or chloride main leaching plants. In that way, it will be possible to maximize mines with installed solvent-extraction and electrowinning capacities that have not been operative since the depletion of their oxide ores. One of the main obstacles for widening bioleaching technology applications is the lack of knowledge about the key events and the attributes of the technology's critical events at the industrial level and mainly in ROM copper bioleaching industrial operations. It is relevant to assess the bed environment where the bacteria-mineral interaction occurs to learn about the limiting factors determining the leaching rate. Thus, due to inability to accurately determine in-situ key variables, their indirect assessment was evaluated by quantifying microbial metabolic-associated responses. Several candidate marker genes were selected to represent the predominant components of the microbial community inhabiting the industrial heap and the metabolisms involved in microbial responses to changes in the heap environment that affect the process performance. The microbial community's predominant components were Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, At. thiooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, and Sulfobacillus sp. Oxygen reduction, CO2 and N2 fixation/uptake, iron and sulfur oxidation, and response to osmotic stress were the metabolisms selected regarding research results previously reported in the system. After that, qPCR primers for each candidate gene were designed and validated. The expression profile of the selected genes vs. environmental key variables in pure cultures, column-leaching tests, and the industrial bioleaching heap was defined. We presented the results obtained from the industrial validation of the marker genes selected for assessing CO2 and N2 availability, osmotic stress response, as well as ferrous iron and sulfur oxidation activity in the bioleaching heap process of MEL. We demonstrated that molecular markers are useful for assessing limiting factors like nutrients and air supply, and the impact of the quality of recycled solutions. We also learned about the attributes of variables like CO2, ammonium, and sulfate levels that affect the industrial ROM-scale operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Marín
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Mayra Cortés
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Mauricio Acosta
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Karla Delgado
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Camila Escuti
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Diego Ayma
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - Cecilia Demergasso
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
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18
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Das A, Prakash G, Lali AM. 2,3-Butanediol production using soy-based nitrogen source and fermentation process evaluation by a novel isolate of Bacillus licheniformis BL1. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 51:1046-1055. [PMID: 33719922 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1894443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) has varied applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, & food industry. Microorganisms belonging to Klebsiella, Enterobacter & Serratia genera are well-known producers of 2,3-BDO. However, they have limited usage in industrial-scale owing to their pathogenic nature. A nonpathogenic soil isolate identified as Bacillus licheniformis (BL1) was thus investigated for 2,3-BDO production. Soy flakes, soy flour, defatted soy, and soybean meal-based hydrolysates replaced yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen sources. Defatted soy flakes and soybean meal hydrolysate led to an equivalent 2,3-BDO yield and productivity as compared to that of Yeast Extract and peptone. The pH and oxygen variation influenced the proportion of various products of the mixed acid-butanediol pathway. Further, the batch mode fermentation with soy hydrolysate and optimized process parameter resulted in 2,3-BDO titer, yield and productivity of 11.06 g/L, 0.43 g/g and 0.48 g/L h respectively. Glucose concentration above 5% was inhibitory and led to reduction in the specific growth rate of BL1 in batch cultivation. Intermittent glucose feeding in fed-batch mode overcame this substrate limitation resulting in increased titers (49.8 g/L) and productivity (0.62 g/L h). Modified medium containing soy hydrolysate as nitrogen source with fermentation process optimization resulted in 67% decrease in medium cost for 2,3-BDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Das
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunjan Prakash
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind M Lali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Jiao K, Xiao W, Shi X, Ho SH, Chang JS, Ng IS, Tang X, Sun Y, Zeng X, Lin L. Molecular mechanism of arachidonic acid biosynthesis in Porphyridium purpureum promoted by nitrogen limitation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1491-1499. [PMID: 33710454 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The red alga Porphyridium purpureum has been known to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid (ARA), under stressful conditions. However, there is no consistent conclusion about the response of ARA in this alga to nitrogen (N) stress. Also, no research has been done to clearly elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of N stress. In this work, P. purpureum CoE1 was cultivated under nitrogen limitation conditions and the putative Δ5-desaturase related gene FADSD5 was isolated. The results showed that the fatty acids in P. purpureum CoE1 were significantly higher in the N limited cultures (54.3 mg g-1) than in the N-replete cultures (45.3 mg g-1) at the 18th day (t-test, p < 0.001), which was attributed to the upregulated abundance of the putative Δ5-desaturase related protein, Δ5-Des. The study also indicated that the expression of the putative Δ5-desaturase related gene, FADSD5, increased with cell growth, demonstrating considerable potentials for ARA biosynthesis in P. purpureum CoE1. These results might guide the direction in illuminating the biosynthetic pathway of fatty acids with molecular evidence and enable genetic modifications of P. purpureum CoE1 for enhancing the ARA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Jiao
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Wupeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xingguo Shi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Tang
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High‑Valued Conversion Technology for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High‑valued Conversion Technology of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yong Sun
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High‑Valued Conversion Technology for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High‑valued Conversion Technology of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High‑Valued Conversion Technology for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High‑valued Conversion Technology of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Lu Lin
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High‑Valued Conversion Technology for Biomass, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High‑valued Conversion Technology of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Dong Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Ma J, Lei P, Xu H, Li S. Enhancing ectoine production by recombinant Escherichia coli through step-wise fermentation optimization strategy based on kinetic analysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1557-1566. [PMID: 33751211 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the recombinant ectoine-producing Escherichia coli ET01 was constructed by introducing the ectABC operon from Halomonas venusta ZH. To further improve ectoine production, the regulation of the fermentation process was systematically investigated. First, the effects of the initial glucose concentrations and glucose feeding mode on ectoine production were analyzed. Using a combination of pH-feedback feeding and glucose-controlled feeding, the ectoine titer reached 25.5 g/L, representing an 8.8-fold increase over standard batch culture. Then, the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (50, 40, 30, or 20%) on ectoine production were studied, and a DO control strategy was developed based on the fermentation kinetics. When the final optimized two-stage fermentation strategy was used, the ectoine titer reached 47.8 g/L, which was the highest level of ectoine produced by E. coli fermentation. The fermentation regulation strategy developed in this study might be useful for scaling up the commercial production of ectoine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - XinYi Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - JunJie Ma
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Yang Q, Chen Q, Niu T, Feng E, Yuan J. Robustness analysis and identification for an enzyme-catalytic complex metabolic network in batch culture. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1511-1524. [PMID: 33687551 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol is a promising way to mitigate the shortage of energy. To maximize the production of 1,3-propanediol, it needs to control precisely microbial fermentation process. However, it might consume lots of human and material resources when conducting experimental tests many times. In this study, a nonlinear enzyme-catalytic dynamical system is developed to describe the bioconversion process of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol, especially continuous piecewise linear functions are used as identification parameters. The existence, uniqueness and continuity of solutions are also discussed. Then, considering the fact that the concentration of intracellular substances is difficult to measure in experiments, a new quantitative definition of biological robustness is introduced as a performance index to determine the identification parameters related to intracellular substances. Meanwhile, a two-phase optimization algorithm is constructed to solve the identification model. By comparison with the experimental data, it can be found that the present nonlinear dynamical system can describe the fermentation process very well. Finally, the present nonlinear dynamical system and the corresponding optimal identification parameters might be useful in future studies on the batch culture of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunbin Chen
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Teng Niu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Enmin Feng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Yuan
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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22
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Senne de Oliveira Lino F, Bajic D, Vila JCC, Sánchez A, Sommer MOA. Complex yeast-bacteria interactions affect the yield of industrial ethanol fermentation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1498. [PMID: 33686084 PMCID: PMC7940389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane ethanol fermentation represents a simple microbial community dominated by S. cerevisiae and co-occurring bacteria with a clearly defined functionality. In this study, we dissect the microbial interactions in sugarcane ethanol fermentation by combinatorically reconstituting every possible combination of species, comprising approximately 80% of the biodiversity in terms of relative abundance. Functional landscape analysis shows that higher-order interactions counterbalance the negative effect of pairwise interactions on ethanol yield. In addition, we find that Lactobacillus amylovorus improves the yeast growth rate and ethanol yield by cross-feeding acetaldehyde, as shown by flux balance analysis and laboratory experiments. Our results suggest that Lactobacillus amylovorus could be considered a beneficial bacterium with the potential to improve sugarcane ethanol fermentation yields by almost 3%. These data highlight the biotechnological importance of comprehensively studying microbial communities and could be extended to other microbial systems with relevance to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Djordje Bajic
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean Celestin Charles Vila
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alvaro Sánchez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Morten Otto Alexander Sommer
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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23
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Kim JH, Oh YR, Han SW, Jang YA, Hong SH, Ahn JH, Eom GT. Enhancement of sophorolipids production in Candida batistae, an unexplored sophorolipids producer, by fed-batch fermentation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:831-839. [PMID: 33683450 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) from Candida batistae has a unique structure that contains ω-hydroxy fatty acids, which can be used as a building block in the polymer and fragrance industries. To improve the production of this industrially important SLs, we optimized the culture medium of C. batistae for the first time. Using an optimized culture medium composed of 50 g/L glucose, 50 g/L rapeseed oil, 5 g/L ammonium nitrate and 5 g/L yeast extract, SLs were produced at a concentration of 24.1 g/L in a flask culture. Sophorolipids production increased by about 19% (28.6 g/L) in a fed-batch fermentation using a 5 L fermentor. Sophorolipids production more increased by about 121% (53.2 g/L), compared with that in a flask culture, in a fed-batch fermentation using a 50 L fermentor, which was about 787% higher than that of the previously reported SLs production (6 g/L). These results indicate that a significant increase in C. batistae-derived SLs production can be achieved by optimization of the culture medium composition and fed-batch fermentation. Finally, we successfully separated and purified the SLs from the culture medium. The improved production of SLs from C. batistae in this study will help facilitate the successful development of applications for the SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hun Kim
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Oh
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Han
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Jang
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Ahn
- Korea Science Academy of Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Busan, 47162, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Tae Eom
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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24
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[Sponsor On-demand Presentation]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2021; 76:127-8. [PMID: 33627527 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.76.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Spina R, Saliba S, Dupire F, Ptak A, Hehn A, Piutti S, Poinsignon S, Leclerc S, Bouguet-Bonnet S, Laurain-Mattar D. Molecular Identification of Endophytic Bacteria in Leucojum aestivum In Vitro Culture , NMR-Based Metabolomics Study and LC-MS Analysis Leading to Potential Amaryllidaceae Alkaloid Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041773. [PMID: 33578992 PMCID: PMC7916811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, endophytic bacteria belonging to the Bacillus genus were isolated from in vitro bulblets of Leucojum aestivum and their ability to produce Amaryllidaceae alkaloids was studied. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics combined with multivariate data analysis was chosen to compare the metabolism of this plant (in vivo bulbs, in vitro bulblets) with those of the endophytic bacteria community. Primary metabolites were quantified by quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR) method. The results showed that tyrosine, one precursor of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis pathway, was higher in endophytic extract compared to plant extract. In total, 22 compounds were identified including five molecules common to plant and endophyte extracts (tyrosine, isoleucine, valine, fatty acids and tyramine). In addition, endophytic extracts were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for the identification of compounds in very low concentrations. Five Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were detected in the extracts of endophytic bacteria. Lycorine, previously detected by 1H NMR, was confirmed with LC-MS analysis. Tazettine, pseudolycorine, acetylpseudolycorine, 1,2-dihydro-chlidanthine were also identified by LC-MS using the positive ionization mode or by GC-MS. In addition, 11 primary metabolites were identified in the endophytic extracts such as tyramine, which was obtained by decarboxylation of tyrosine. Thus, Bacillus sp. isolated from L. aestivum bulblets synthesized some primary and specialized metabolites in common with the L.aestivum plant. These endophytic bacteria are an interesting new approach for producing the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid such as lycorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Spina
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.S.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (D.L.-M.); Tel.: +33-3-7274-5262 (R.S.); +33-3-7274-5675 (D.L.-M.)
| | - Sahar Saliba
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - François Dupire
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Agata Ptak
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Łobzowska 24, 31-140 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Alain Hehn
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Séverine Piutti
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Sophie Poinsignon
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.P.); (S.B.-B.)
| | | | | | - Dominique Laurain-Mattar
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.S.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (D.L.-M.); Tel.: +33-3-7274-5262 (R.S.); +33-3-7274-5675 (D.L.-M.)
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Ulagesan S, Nam TJ, Choi YH. Cytotoxicity against human breast carcinoma cells of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Capsosiphon fulvescens extract. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:901-911. [PMID: 33486577 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting cancer cells with small nanoparticles is a novel and promising approach to cancer therapy. Breast cancer is the most common cancer afflicting women worldwide. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the aqueous extract of the marine alga Capsosiphon (C.) fulvescens, and the cytotoxicity and anti-cancer activities of the nanoparticles against MCF-7 breast cancer cells were analyzed. Nanoparticle formation was confirmed by solution color change and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The size and distribution of the C. fulvescens-biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CfAgNPs) were then examined using various analytical methods; the particle size was around 20-22 nm and spherical in shape with no agglomeration. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CfAgNPs was 50 μg/ml. MCF-7 cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations of CfAgNPs. MCF-7 cells were evaluated for morphological changes before and after treatment with the CfAgNPs; cells treated with C. fulvescens aqueous algal extract (without CfAgNPs) showed irregular confluent aggregates with round polygonal cells, similar to the untreated control. Tamoxifen- (TMX) and CfAgNPs-treated cells show significant morphological changes. An apoptosis study was conducted using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, in which CfAgNP-treated MCF-7 cells generated bright blue fluorescence and shortened, disjointed chromatin was evident; control cells displayed less bright fluorescence. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the percentage of cells in late apoptosis was high following treatment with TMX (77.2%) and CfAgNP (74.6%). A novel anti-cancer agent, developed by generating silver nanoparticles from C. fulvescens extract, showed strong cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumari Ulagesan
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 46041, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 46041, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Zambonino MC, Quizhpe EM, Jaramillo FE, Rahman A, Santiago Vispo N, Jeffryes C, Dahoumane SA. Green Synthesis of Selenium and Tellurium Nanoparticles: Current Trends, Biological Properties and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:989. [PMID: 33498184 PMCID: PMC7863925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and assembly of nanoparticles using green technology has been an excellent option in nanotechnology because they are easy to implement, cost-efficient, eco-friendly, risk-free, and amenable to scaling up. They also do not require sophisticated equipment nor well-trained professionals. Bionanotechnology involves various biological systems as suitable nanofactories, including biomolecules, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and plants. Biologically inspired nanomaterial fabrication approaches have shown great potential to interconnect microbial or plant extract biotechnology and nanotechnology. The present article extensively reviews the eco-friendly production of metalloid nanoparticles, namely made of selenium (SeNPs) and tellurium (TeNPs), using various microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and plants' extracts. It also discusses the methodologies followed by materials scientists and highlights the impact of the experimental sets on the outcomes and shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, it features the unique properties displayed by these biogenic nanoparticles for a large range of emerging applications in medicine, agriculture, bioengineering, and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C. Zambonino
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.C.Z.); (E.M.Q.); (F.E.J.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Ernesto Mateo Quizhpe
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.C.Z.); (E.M.Q.); (F.E.J.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Francisco E. Jaramillo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.C.Z.); (E.M.Q.); (F.E.J.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Ashiqur Rahman
- Center for Midstream Management and Science, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA;
- Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality & The Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA;
| | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.C.Z.); (E.M.Q.); (F.E.J.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Clayton Jeffryes
- Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality & The Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA;
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.C.Z.); (E.M.Q.); (F.E.J.); (N.S.V.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
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28
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Froese AG, Sparling R. Cross-feeding and wheat straw extractives enhance growth of Clostridium thermocellum-containing co-cultures for consolidated bioprocessing. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:819-830. [PMID: 33392746 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Co-cultures consisting of three thermophilic and lignocellulolytic bacteria, namely Clostridium thermocellum, C. stercorarium, and Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus, degrade lignocellulosic material in a synergistic manner. When cultured in a defined minimal medium two of the members appeared to be auxotrophic and unable to grow, but the growth of all species was observed in all co-culture combinations, indicating cross-feeding of unidentified growth factors between the members. Growth factors also appeared to be present in water-soluble extractives obtained from wheat straw, allowing for the growth of the auxotrophic monocultures in the defined minimal medium. Cell enumeration during growth on wheat straw in this medium revealed different growth profiles of the members that varied between the co-cultures. End-product profiles also varied substantially between the cultures, with significantly higher ethanol production in all co-cultures compared to the mono-cultures. Understanding interactions between co-culture members, and the additional nutrients provided by lignocellulosic substrates, will aid us in consolidated bioprocessing design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Froese
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 213 Buller Building, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Richard Sparling
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 213 Buller Building, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Hernández Rodríguez T, Posch C, Pörtner R, Frahm B. Dynamic parameter estimation and prediction over consecutive scales, based on moving horizon estimation: applied to an industrial cell culture seed train. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:793-808. [PMID: 33373034 PMCID: PMC7997845 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioprocess modeling has become a useful tool for prediction of the process future with the aim to deduce operating decisions (e.g. transfer or feeds). Due to variabilities, which often occur between and within batches, updating (re-estimation) of model parameters is required at certain time intervals (dynamic parameter estimation) to obtain reliable predictions. This can be challenging in the presence of low sampling frequencies (e.g. every 24 h), different consecutive scales and large measurement errors, as in the case of cell culture seed trains. This contribution presents an iterative learning workflow which generates and incorporates knowledge concerning cell growth during the process by using a moving horizon estimation (MHE) approach for updating of model parameters. This estimation technique is compared to a classical weighted least squares estimation (WLSE) approach in the context of model updating over three consecutive cultivation scales (40–2160 L) of an industrial cell culture seed train. Both techniques were investigated regarding robustness concerning the aforementioned challenges and the required amount of experimental data (estimation horizon). It is shown how the proposed MHE can deal with the aforementioned difficulties by the integration of prior knowledge, even if only data at two sampling points are available, outperforming the classical WLSE approach. This workflow allows to adequately integrate current process behavior into the model and can therefore be a suitable component of a digital twin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Hernández Rodríguez
- Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Lemgo, Germany
| | - Christoph Posch
- Novartis Technical Research and Development, Sandoz GmbH, Langkampfen, Austria
| | - Ralf Pörtner
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Frahm
- Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Lemgo, Germany.
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Abstract
In order to remediate Zn-contaminated livestock and poultry sewage, a zinc-resistant bacterial strain was screened and isolated from the manure of livestock and poultry and identified by molecular biology. The optimal conditions for removing zinc(II) from strain XZN4 were determined by single-factor experiments as follows: within 3 times of repeated use, pH value was 5, initial concentration of zinc(II) was 100 mg/L, the amount of bacteria was 6 g/L, the temperature was 25-30 °C, and the removal equilibrium time was 60 min. Then, through adsorption isotherm model, scanning electron microscope image, energy dispersive spectrum analysis, infrared spectrum analysis and sterilization control experiment, it was found that the removal of zinc(II) by bacteria was single-molecule layer adsorption, which was carried out in coordination with degradation. The influence of different concentrations of copper(II), ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, and chlortetracycline on the removal of zinc(II) from livestock and poultry sewage by XZN4 strain in the actual application was discussed. The bacteria can reduce the concentration of zinc(II) from the complex livestock and poultry waste water to below the discharge standard, and has a strong environmental tolerance, the highest removal rate reached 88.6% and the highest removal amount reached 10.30 mg/L. The screening and application of XZN4 strain can thus be of great significance for the microbial treatment of zinc(II) in complex livestock and poultry sewage. The results will provide guidance for the microbial remediation of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Lan Jia
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Abstract
The system is developed for efficient biosynthetic production of difficult-to-express polypeptides. A target polypeptide is produced fused into T. thermophilus GroEL chaperonin polypeptide chain in such a way that it is presented inside the GroEL cavity near the substrate binding surface. Such presentation allows alleviating potential problems of instability, toxicity or hydrophobicity of the fused peptide. Thermostability of thermophilic GroEL can be used for its one-step separation from the host cell proteins by heating. The target polypeptide may be released by any of amino acid-specific chemical treatments. In this study, GroEL was adapted for methionine-specific cleavage with cyanogen bromide by total replacement of methionine residues to facilitate further purification of the target polypeptide. The procedure is simple, robust and easy to scale-up. The capacity of this system to produce difficult-to-express polypeptides is demonstrated by production in bacterial system of one of the most potent antibacterial peptides polyphemusin I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Yurkova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Elchin G Sadykhov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Alexey N Fedorov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia, 119071.
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Kutscha R, Pflügl S. Microbial Upgrading of Acetate into Value-Added Products-Examining Microbial Diversity, Bioenergetic Constraints and Metabolic Engineering Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228777. [PMID: 33233586 PMCID: PMC7699770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological concerns have recently led to the increasing trend to upgrade carbon contained in waste streams into valuable chemicals. One of these components is acetate. Its microbial upgrading is possible in various species, with Escherichia coli being the best-studied. Several chemicals derived from acetate have already been successfully produced in E. coli on a laboratory scale, including acetone, itaconic acid, mevalonate, and tyrosine. As acetate is a carbon source with a low energy content compared to glucose or glycerol, energy- and redox-balancing plays an important role in acetate-based growth and production. In addition to the energetic challenges, acetate has an inhibitory effect on microorganisms, reducing growth rates, and limiting product concentrations. Moreover, extensive metabolic engineering is necessary to obtain a broad range of acetate-based products. In this review, we illustrate some of the necessary energetic considerations to establish robust production processes by presenting calculations of maximum theoretical product and carbon yields. Moreover, different strategies to deal with energetic and metabolic challenges are presented. Finally, we summarize ways to alleviate acetate toxicity and give an overview of process engineering measures that enable sustainable acetate-based production of value-added chemicals.
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Morrison CS, Paskaleva EE, Rios MA, Beusse TR, Blair EM, Lin LQ, Hu JR, Gorby AH, Dodds DR, Armiger WB, Dordick JS, Koffas MAG. Improved soluble expression and use of recombinant human renalase. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242109. [PMID: 33180865 PMCID: PMC7660482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical bioreactor systems have enjoyed significant attention in the past few decades, particularly because of their applications to biobatteries, artificial photosynthetic systems, and microbial electrosynthesis. A key opportunity with electrochemical bioreactors is the ability to employ cofactor regeneration strategies critical in oxidative and reductive enzymatic and cell-based biotransformations. Electrochemical cofactor regeneration presents several advantages over other current cofactor regeneration systems, such as chemoenzymatic multi-enzyme reactions, because there is no need for a sacrificial substrate and a recycling enzyme. Additionally, process monitoring is simpler and downstream processing is less costly. However, the direct electrochemical reduction of NAD(P)+ on a cathode may produce adventitious side products, including isomers of NAD(P)H that can act as potent competitive inhibitors to NAD(P)H-requiring enzymes such as dehydrogenases. To overcome this limitation, we examined how nature addresses the adventitious formation of isomers of NAD(P)H. Specifically, renalases are enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of 1,2- and 1,6-NAD(P)H to NAD(P)+, yielding an effective recycling of unproductive NAD(P)H isomers. We designed several mutants of recombinant human renalase isoform 1 (rhRen1), expressed them in E. coli BL21(DE3) to enhance protein solubility, and evaluated the activity profiles of the renalase variants against NAD(P)H isomers. The potential for rhRen1 to be employed in engineering applications was then assessed in view of the enzyme’s stability upon immobilization. Finally, comparative modeling was performed to assess the underlying reasons for the enhanced solubility and activity of the mutant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford S. Morrison
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Elena E. Paskaleva
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Marvin A. Rios
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Beusse
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Elaina M. Blair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lucy Q. Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - James R. Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Aidan H. Gorby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - David R. Dodds
- BiochemInsights, Malvern, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSD); (MAGK)
| | - Mattheos A. G. Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSD); (MAGK)
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Chen X, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhang L, Zhan R, Wang S, Wang K. Biochemical analyses of a novel thermostable GH5 endo β-1,4-mannanase with minor β-1,4-glucosidic cleavage activity from Bacillus sp. KW1 and its synergism with a commercial α-galactosidase on galactomannan hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:778-788. [PMID: 33144255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel GH5 endo-1,4-β-mannanase (BaMan5A) was identified from Bacillus sp. KW1, it shares the highest sequence identity (86%) with another characterized Bacillus endo-1,4-β-mannanase. The recombinant BaMan5A displayed maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 70 °C, it was stable at a broad pH range (pH 3.5-11.0) after 12-h incubation at 25 °C, and exhibited good thermostability, retaining about 100% and 85% activity after incubating at 60 °C for 12 h and 65 °C for 8 h, respectively. The results of polysaccharide hydrolysis revealed that the enzyme can only hydrolyze mannan substrates, including carob galactomannan, konjac glucomannan, 1,4-β-D-mannan, locust bean gum, and guar gum, yielding mannose, mannobiose, mannotriose, and some other oligosaccharides. The best substrate was carob galactomannan, the corresponding specific activity and Km value were 10,886 μmol/min/μmol and 3.31 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, BaMan5A was capable to hydrolyze both manno-oligosaccharides and cello-oligosaccharides, including mannotetraose, mannopentaose, mannohexaose, cellopentaose and cellohexaose. Furthermore, BaMan5A acted synergistically with a commercial α-galactosidase (CbAgal) on galactomannan depolymerization, a best synergy degree of 1.58 was achieved after optimizing enzyme ratios. This study not only expands the diversity of Bacillus GH5 β-mannanase, but also discloses the potential of BaMan5A in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China
| | - Sidi Wang
- College of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kui Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China.
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35
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Shahid S, Razzaq S, Farooq R, Nazli ZIH. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Next generation natural biomolecules and a solution for the world's future economy. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:297-321. [PMID: 33127548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical plastics have become a cause of pollution for decades and finding alternative plastics that are environmental friendly. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a biopolyester produced by microbial cells, has characteristics (biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic) that make it appropriate as a biodegradable plastic substance. The different forms of PHA make it suitable to a wide choice of products, from packaging materials to biomedical applications. The major challenge in commercialization of PHA is the cost of manufacturing. There are a lot of factors that could affect the efficiency of a development method. The development of new strategic parameters for better synthesis, including consumption of low cost carbon substrates, genetic modification of PHA-producing strains, and fermentational strategies are discussed. Recently, many efforts have been made to develop a method for the cost-effective production of PHAs. The isolation, analysis as well as characterization of PHAs are significant factors for any developmental process. Due to the biodegradable and biocompatible properties of PHAs, they are majorly used in biomedical applications such as vascular grafting, heart tissue engineering, skin tissue repairing, liver tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering, bone tissue engineering, cartilage tissue engineering and therapeutic carrier. The emerging and interesting area of research is the development of self-healing biopolymer that could significantly broaden the operational life and protection of the polymeric materials for a broad range of uses. Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers are considered as the green materials in place of petroleum-based plastics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Razzaq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Robina Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zill-I-Huma Nazli
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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36
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Fraiture MA, Papazova N, Roosens NHC. DNA walking strategy to identify unauthorized genetically modified bacteria in microbial fermentation products. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 337:108913. [PMID: 33126077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, unexpected contaminations of unauthorized genetically modified microorganisms (GMM) carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were reported in microbial fermentation products commercialized on the food and feed chain. To guarantee the traceability and safety of the food and feed chain, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has played a key role to prove GMM contaminations via the characterization of unnatural associations of sequences. However, WGS requires a prior microbial isolation of the GMM strain, which can be difficult to successfully achieve. Therefore, in order to avoid such bottleneck, a culture-independent approach was proposed in this study. First, the screening for the aadD gene, an AMR gene conferring a resistance to kanamycin, and for the pUB110 shuttle vector, carrying the aadD gene and commonly used to produce GMM, is performed. In case of a positive signal, DNA walking methods anchored on the two borders of the detected pUB110 shuttle vector are applied to characterize unknown flanking regions. Following to the sequencing of the generated amplicons, unnatural associations of sequences can be identified, allowing to demonstrate the presence of unauthorized GMM. The developed culture-independent strategy was successfully applied on commercialized microbial fermentation products, allowing to prove the presence of GMM contaminations in the food and feed chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Alice Fraiture
- Sciensano, Transversal activities in Applied Genomics (TAG), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nina Papazova
- Sciensano, Transversal activities in Applied Genomics (TAG), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nancy H C Roosens
- Sciensano, Transversal activities in Applied Genomics (TAG), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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37
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Krishnan S, Chinnadurai GS, Ravishankar K, Raghavachari D, Perumal P. Statistical augmentation of polyhydroxybutyrate production by Isoptericola variabilis: Characterization, moulding, in vitro cytocompatibility and biodegradability evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:80-97. [PMID: 33096176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), which has been widely considered as a potential substitute for the synthetic polymers. Among 53 actinomycete isolates, 11 of them were found to be PHB positive and the quantity of PHB from the positive isolates varied from 10.5 to 29.82 wt% on a dry cell weight basis. A strain designated as PPLAT 012, accumulated relatively higher PHB and has been identified as Isoptericola variabilis by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. An effort has also been made to optimize the PHB production by the hyper-producing strain using the conventional, one-factor-at-a-time, and statistical response surface methodologies and the maximum PHB production (46.18%) in DSMZ medium, amended with 12% glucose and 9% potassium nitrate with a pH of 7.0. Further, the characteristic properties such as processability, cytocompatibility and biodegradability of the extracted PHB was also demonstrated. The physical properties of the recovered PHB was further improved by blending with PLA and the resultant blends were characterized. The present investigation has demonstrated that the isolate, Isoptericola variabilis, could be utilized as a potential source for the production of PHB with desirable characteristics, suitable for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Krishnan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Gandhi Shree Chinnadurai
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Kartik Ravishankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Palani Perumal
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria have the unique ability to synthesize magnetosomes (nano-sized magnetite or greigite crystals arranged in chain-like structures) in a variety of shapes and sizes. The chain alignment of magnetosomes enables magnetotactic bacteria to sense and orient themselves along geomagnetic fields. There is steadily increasing demand for magnetosomes in the areas of biotechnology, biomedicine, and environmental protection. Practical difficulties in cultivating magnetotactic bacteria and achieving consistent, high-yield magnetosome production under artificial environmental conditions have presented an obstacle to successful development of magnetosome applications in commercial areas. Here, we review information on magnetosome biosynthesis and strategies for enhancement of bacterial cell growth and magnetosome formation, and implications for improvement of magnetosome yield on a laboratory scale and mass-production (commercial or industrial) scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130 Pakistan
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, BJ People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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Mao Y, Chen Z, Lu L, Jin B, Ma H, Pan Y, Chen T. Efficient solid-state fermentation for the production of 5-aminolevulinic acid enriched feed using recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 2020; 322:29-32. [PMID: 32653638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been highlighted as a promising functional feed additive and immunomodulator for improving the general health, immune response, and resistance to disease of livestock and poultry. However, it is very costly to produce 5-ALA using conventional chemical synthesis methods. Classical microbial fermentation fulfills the criteria of environmental friendliness, but the unsatisfactory titers still hinder actual industrial production. This study aimed to develop a solid-state fermentation (SSF) process that can be used to efficiently enrich feed with 5-ALA at a low cost. First, the endogenous 5-ALA synthase was overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via integrating a copy of HEM1 gene into the chromosome and introducing a multi-copy plasmid pRS416-HEM1 which constitutively overexpresses HEM1 gene. The resulting strain ScA3 was able to produce 63.82 mg/L 5-ALA in shake-flask fermentation. After process optimization, a titer of 225.63 mg/kg dry materials, exceeding the usual effective dosage reported in animal trials, was achieved within 48 h through SSF of 20 kg feed in a 90-L steel drum. To our knowledge, this is the first report on combining microbial 5-ALA production with SSF in feed processing, which will hopefully promote the application and popularization of 5-ALA in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zetian Chen
- Henan Yihongshancheng Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., Yihongshancheng Park, South Gongye Road, Wuzhi, Henan 454950, China
| | - Lingxue Lu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Biao Jin
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yun Pan
- Henan Yihongshancheng Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., Yihongshancheng Park, South Gongye Road, Wuzhi, Henan 454950, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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40
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Lu P, Wang W, Zhang G, Li W, Jiang A, Cao M, Zhang X, Xing K, Peng X, Yuan B, Feng Z. Isolation and characterization marine bacteria capable of degrading lignin-derived compounds. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240187. [PMID: 33027312 PMCID: PMC7540876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin, a characteristic component of terrestrial plants. Rivers transport large amounts of vascular plant organic matter into the oceans where lignin can degrade over time; however, microorganisms involved in this degradation have not been identified. In this study, several bacterial strains were isolated from marine samples using the lignin-derived compound vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) as the sole carbon and energy source. The optimum growth temperature for all isolates ranged from 30 to 35°C. All isolates grew well in a wide NaCl concentration range of 0 to over 50 g/L, with an optimum concentration of 22.8 g/L, which is the same as natural seawater. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that these strains are the members of Halomonas, Arthrobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Marinomonas, and Thalassospira. These isolates are also able to use other lignin-derived compounds, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, and benzoic acid. Vanillic acid was detected in all culture media when isolates were grown on ferulic acid as the sole carbon source; however, no 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene was detected, indicating that ferulic acid metabolism by these strains occurs via the elimination of two side chain carbons. Furthermore, the isolates exhibit 3,4-dioxygenase or 4,5-dioxygenase activity for protocatechuic acid ring-cleavage, which is consistent with the genetic sequences of related genera. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize marine bacteria of degrading lignin-derived compounds, thereby revealing the degradation of aromatic compounds in the marine environment and opening up new avenues for the development and utilization of marine biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Weinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guangxi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Anjie Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ke Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BY); (ZF)
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BY); (ZF)
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41
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Zhao X, Zhou J, Du G, Chen J. Recent Advances in the Microbial Synthesis of Hemoglobin. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:286-297. [PMID: 32912649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin is a cofactor-containing protein with heme that plays important roles in transporting and storing oxygen. Hemoglobins have been widely applied as acellular oxygen carriers, bioavailable iron-supplying agents, and food-grade coloring and flavoring agents. To meet increasing demands and overcome the drawbacks of chemical extraction, the biosynthesis of hemoglobin has become an attractive alternative. Several hemoglobins have recently been synthesized by various microorganisms through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. In this review, we summarize the novel strategies that have been used to biosynthesize hemoglobin. These strategies can also serve as references for producing other heme-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Choi S, Lee HN, Park E, Lee SJ, Kim ES. Recent Advances in Microbial Production of cis,cis-Muconic Acid. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091238. [PMID: 32854378 PMCID: PMC7564838 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
cis,cis-Muconic acid (MA) is a valuable C6 dicarboxylic acid platform chemical that is used as a starting material for the production of various valuable polymers and drugs, including adipic acid and terephthalic acid. As an alternative to traditional chemical processes, bio-based MA production has progressed to the establishment of de novo MA pathways in several microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Pseudomonas putida, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Redesign of the metabolic pathway, intermediate flux control, and culture process optimization were all pursued to maximize the microbial MA production yield. Recently, MA production from biomass, such as the aromatic polymer lignin, has also attracted attention from researchers focusing on microbes that are tolerant to aromatic compounds. This paper summarizes recent microbial MA production strategies that involve engineering the metabolic pathway genes as well as the heterologous expression of some foreign genes involved in MA biosynthesis. Microbial MA production will continue to play a vital role in the field of bio-refineries and a feasible way to complement various petrochemical-based chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-N.L.); (E.P.)
| | - Han-Na Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-N.L.); (E.P.)
- STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24232, Korea;
| | - Eunhwi Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-N.L.); (E.P.)
| | - Sang-Jong Lee
- STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24232, Korea;
| | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-N.L.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-8318; Fax: +82-32-872-4046
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Fan Q, Neubauer P, Lenz O, Gimpel M. Heterologous Hydrogenase Overproduction Systems for Biotechnology-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5890. [PMID: 32824336 PMCID: PMC7460606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogenases are complex metalloenzymes, showing tremendous potential as H2-converting redox catalysts for application in light-driven H2 production, enzymatic fuel cells and H2-driven cofactor regeneration. They catalyze the reversible oxidation of hydrogen into protons and electrons. The apo-enzymes are not active unless they are modified by a complicated post-translational maturation process that is responsible for the assembly and incorporation of the complex metal center. The catalytic center is usually easily inactivated by oxidation, and the separation and purification of the active protein is challenging. The understanding of the catalytic mechanisms progresses slowly, since the purification of the enzymes from their native hosts is often difficult, and in some case impossible. Over the past decades, only a limited number of studies report the homologous or heterologous production of high yields of hydrogenase. In this review, we emphasize recent discoveries that have greatly improved our understanding of microbial hydrogenases. We compare various heterologous hydrogenase production systems as well as in vitro hydrogenase maturation systems and discuss their perspectives for enhanced biohydrogen production. Additionally, activities of hydrogenases isolated from either recombinant organisms or in vivo/in vitro maturation approaches were systematically compared, and future perspectives for this research area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (Q.F.); (P.N.)
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (Q.F.); (P.N.)
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Matthias Gimpel
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (Q.F.); (P.N.)
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44
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Lemos DA, Sonego JLS, Cruz AJG, Badino AC. Improvement of ethanol production by extractive fed-batch fermentation in a drop column bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:2295-2303. [PMID: 32743720 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of fed-batch extractive fermentation can overcome inhibitory effects caused by the substrate and ethanol to the yeast cells, since it allows regulate the substrate concentration and remove the product as it is produced. The present study describes the modelling and experimental validation of ethanol production in fed-batch extractive fermentation with in situ ethanol removal by oleic acid in a non-conventional drop column bioreactor (DCB) operated under industrial conditions. The model developed using the hybrid Andrews-Levenspiel equation and ethanol distribution coefficient parameter (KDE) provided an excellent description of the fed-batch extractive ethanol fermentation process with oleic acid. Furthermore, extractive fed-batch fermentation allowed the feed up to 306.6 kg m-3 of substrate (total reducing sugars), with total ethanol concentration in extractive fermentation in the ranging 100.3-139.8 kg m-3 (12.7-17.7 ºGL), 19.9-67.2% higher when compared with the conventional process without ethanol removal. Moreover, this process has the advantage of less effluent generated and energy consumption for ethanol recovery when compared to the conventional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Lemos
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jorge L S Sonego
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Antonio J G Cruz
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Alberto C Badino
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Chen PW, Cui ZY, Ng HS, Chi-Wei Lan J. Exploring the additive bio-agent impacts upon ectoine production by Halomonas salina DSM5928 T using corn steep liquor and soybean hydrolysate as nutrient supplement. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:195-199. [PMID: 32370929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ectoine production using inexpensive and renewable biomass resources has attracted great interest among the researchers due to the low yields of ectoine in current fermentation approaches that complicate the large-scale production of ectoine. In this study, ectoine was produced from corn steep liquor (CSL) and soybean hydrolysate (SH) in replacement to yeast extract as the nitrogen sources for the fermentation process. To enhance the bacterial growth and ectoine production, biotin was added to the Halomonas salina fermentation media. In addition, the effects addition of surfactants such as Tween 80 and saponin on the ectoine production were also investigated. Results showed that both the CSL and SH can be used as the nitrogen source substitutes in the fermentation media. Higher amount of ectoine (1781.9 mg L-1) was produced in shake flask culture with SH-containing media as compared to CSL-containing media. A total of 2537.0 mg L-1 of ectoine was produced at pH 7 when SH-containing media was applied in the 2 L batch fermentation. Moreover, highest amount of ectoine (1802.0 mg L-1) was recorded in the SH-containing shake flask culture with addition of 0.2 μm mL-1 biotin. This study demonstrated the efficacy of industrial waste as the nutrient supplement for the fermentation of ectoine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wei Chen
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yu Cui
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Hui Suan Ng
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - John Chi-Wei Lan
- Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan; Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan.
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El-Sayed ESR, Zaki AG, Ahmed AS, Ismaiel AA. Production of the anticancer drug taxol by the endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum TXB502: enhanced production by gamma irradiation mutagenesis and immobilization technique. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6991-7003. [PMID: 32617617 DOI: 10.1007/s00253020-10712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Taxol, a phyto-extracted diterpenoid, is the most commercially needed drug in cancer chemotherapy. In spite of the microbial production of taxol being successful and prospective, the reported yields are still not sufficient for large-scale production. Thus, the discovery of new taxol-producing microbial strains and production enhancement methodologies such as process optimization, strain improvement, and immobilization technique are the main objectives. In this paper, a taxol-producing start strain Epicoccum nigrum TXB502 (initial yield 61.35 μg L-1) was isolated from Taxus baccata and identified by morphological and molecular tools. The optimum cultivation and nutritional conditions were assessed by testing one parameter at a time approach that resulted in 88.59% significant production increase. In addition, a stable mutant with improved productivity (40.07% yield increase in comparison with the parent strain) was successfully developed after gamma irradiation mutagenesis of the start strain. The taxol titer was further improved via testing different immobilization carriers for both spores and mycelia of this mutant. Over taxol production was achieved using alginate-immobilized mycelia with the feasibility of conducting six successive production cycles in a semi-continuous form. The final total concentration reached 8187.77 μg taxol 6 L-1 which represents approximately 22-fold increase, as compared to the initial titer of the start strain. These findings can pave the way for the prospective industrial manufacturing of taxol, as the achieved taxol production in this study is the highest reported by academic laboratories for microbial cultures. KEY POINTS: • Discovery of a new taxol-producing endophytic fungus E. nigrum TXB502 strain. • Taxol yield was successfully improved via bioprocess optimization and strain mutagenesis. • Alginate-immobilized mycelia were efficient for a semi-continuous production of taxol. • The final total concentration of taxol showed approximately 22-fold increase as compared to the initial titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed R El-Sayed
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amira G Zaki
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S Ahmed
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Ismaiel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Wang T, Sun S, Liang C, Li H, Liu A, Zhu H. Effective isolation of antioxidant Phelligridin LA from the fermentation broth of Inonotus baumii by macroporous resin. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:2095-2106. [PMID: 32607861 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phelligridin LA (PLA) is a natural product with vigorous free radical scavenging activities accumulated in the liquid fermentation of herbal medicinal fungus Inonotus baumii. Aiming to establish an efficient isolation method of PLA from the fermentation broth, we evaluated the adsorption of PLA by macroporous resins. The best resin ADS-17 was screened for six candidates with various physical properties and adsorption behaviors. Studies on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the process revealed that the adsorption reaction could take place spontaneously, which implied that the heat generated in adsorption might compensate for the decrease in entropy. The Freundlich theory could be utilized to fit the experimental data. The pseudo-second-order equation could describe the process, and the adsorption rate was primarily controlled by liquid film diffusion and pore diffusion. The influencing operation factors (temperature, pH, and the ratio of fermentation broth to resin) of the adsorption process were optimized with response surface methodology. The optimized condition (temperature 22.81 °C, pH 5.19, and the ratio of fermentation broth to resin or RLS 5.11) supported an adsorption rate of 97.03%. These findings would be indispensable for further optimization of the efficient separation of PLA from the fermentation broth, and the fermentation production of PLA in which separation would be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Shiwei Sun
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Hui Li
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Hu Zhu
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
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Boratyński F, Szczepańska E, De Simeis D, Serra S, Brenna E. Bacterial Biotransformation of Oleic Acid: New Findings on the Formation of γ-Dodecalactone and 10-Ketostearic Acid in the Culture of Micrococcus luteus. Molecules 2020; 25:E3024. [PMID: 32630666 PMCID: PMC7411827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial conversion of oleic acid (1) to form value-added industrial products has gained increasing scientific and economic interest. So far, the production of natural lactones with flavor and fragrance properties from fatty acids by non-genetically modified organisms (non-GMO) involves whole cells of bacteria catalyzing the hydration of unsaturated fatty acids as well as yeast strains responsible for further β-oxidation processes. Development of a non-GMO process, involving a sole strain possessing both enzymatic activities, significantly lowers the costs of the process and constitutes a better method from the customers' point of view regarding biosafety issues. Twenty bacteria from the genus of Bacillus, Comamonas, Dietzia, Gordonia, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and Streptomyces were screened for oxidative functionalization of oleic acid (1). Micrococcus luteus PCM525 was selected as the sole strain catalyzing the one-pot transformation of oleic acid (1) into natural valuable peach and strawberry-flavored γ-dodecalactone (6) used in the food, beverage, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Based on the identified products formed during the process of biotransformation, we clearly established a pathway showing that oleic acid (1) is hydrated to 10-hydroxystearic acid (2), then oxidized to 10-ketostearic acid (3), giving 4-ketolauric acid (4) after three cycles of β-oxidation, which is subsequently reduced and cyclized to γ-dodecalactone (6) (Scheme 1). Moreover, three other strains (Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM44534, Rhodococcus ruber PCM2166, Dietzia sp. DSM44016), with high concomitant activities of oleate hydratase and alcohol dehydrogenase, were identified as efficient producers of 10-ketostearic acid (3), which can be used in lubricant and detergent formulations. Considering the prevalence of γ-dodecalactone (6) and 10-ketostearic acid (3) applications and the economic benefits of sustainable management, microbial bioconversion of oleic acid (1) is an undeniably attractive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Boratyński
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Szczepańska
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Davide De Simeis
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milan, Italy; (D.D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Serra
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)—CNR, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milan, Italy; (D.D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milan, Italy;
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Robinson CJ, Carbonell P, Jervis AJ, Yan C, Hollywood KA, Dunstan MS, Currin A, Swainston N, Spiess R, Taylor S, Mulherin P, Parker S, Rowe W, Matthews NE, Malone KJ, Le Feuvre R, Shapira P, Barran P, Turner NJ, Micklefield J, Breitling R, Takano E, Scrutton NS. Rapid prototyping of microbial production strains for the biomanufacture of potential materials monomers. Metab Eng 2020; 60:168-182. [PMID: 32335188 PMCID: PMC7225752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bio-based production of industrial chemicals using synthetic biology can provide alternative green routes from renewable resources, allowing for cleaner production processes. To efficiently produce chemicals on-demand through microbial strain engineering, biomanufacturing foundries have developed automated pipelines that are largely compound agnostic in their time to delivery. Here we benchmark the capabilities of a biomanufacturing pipeline to enable rapid prototyping of microbial cell factories for the production of chemically diverse industrially relevant material building blocks. Over 85 days the pipeline was able to produce 17 potential material monomers and key intermediates by combining 160 genetic parts into 115 unique biosynthetic pathways. To explore the scale-up potential of our prototype production strains, we optimized the enantioselective production of mandelic acid and hydroxymandelic acid, achieving gram-scale production in fed-batch fermenters. The high success rate in the rapid design and prototyping of microbially-produced material building blocks reveals the potential role of biofoundries in leading the transition to sustainable materials production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Robinson
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Pablo Carbonell
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Adrian J Jervis
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Cunyu Yan
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Katherine A Hollywood
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Mark S Dunstan
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Andrew Currin
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Neil Swainston
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Reynard Spiess
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Sandra Taylor
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Paul Mulherin
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Steven Parker
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - William Rowe
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicholas E Matthews
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M15 6PB, UK.
| | - Kirk J Malone
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Rosalind Le Feuvre
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Philip Shapira
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M15 6PB, UK.
| | - Perdita Barran
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jason Micklefield
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Eriko Takano
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Richards L, Jarrold A, Bowser T, Stevens GW, Gras SL. Cytochrome P450-mediated N-demethylation of noscapine by whole-cell biotransformation: process limitations and strategies for optimisation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:449-464. [PMID: 32507955 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyse reactions of significant industrial interest but are underutilised in large-scale bioprocesses due to enzyme stability, cofactor requirements and the poor aqueous solubility and microbial toxicity of typical substrates and products. In this work, we investigate the potential for preparative-scale N-demethylation of the opium poppy alkaloid noscapine by a P450BM3 (CYP102A1) mutant enzyme in a whole-cell biotransformation system. We identify and address several common limitations of whole-cell P450 biotransformations using this model N-demethylation process. Mass transfer into Escherichia coli cells was found to be a major limitation of biotransformation rate and an alternative Gram-positive expression host Bacillus megaterium provided a 25-fold improvement in specific initial rate. Two methods were investigated to address poor substrate solubility. First, a biphasic biotransformation system was developed by systematic selection of potentially biocompatible solvents and in silico solubility modelling using Hansen solubility parameters. The best-performing biphasic system gave a 2.3-fold improvement in final product titre compared to a single-phase system but had slower initial rates of biotransformation due to low substrate concentration in the aqueous phase. The second strategy aimed to improve aqueous substrate solubility using cyclodextrin and hydrophilic polymers. This approach provided a fivefold improvement in initial biotransformation rate and allowed a sixfold increase in final product concentration. Enzyme stability and cell viability were identified as the next parameters requiring optimisation to improve productivity. The approaches used are also applicable to the development of other pharmaceutical P450-mediated biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Richards
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ailsa Jarrold
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Princes Highway, Port Fairy, VIC, 3281, Australia
| | - Tim Bowser
- Impact Science Consulting, Unit 2/52 Swanston St, Heidelberg Heights, VIC, 2081, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W Stevens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sally L Gras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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