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Zachová K, Bartheldyová E, Hubatka F, Křupka M, Odehnalová N, Turánek Knötigová P, Vaškovicová N, Sloupenská K, Hromádka R, Paulovičová E, Effenberg R, Ledvina M, Raška M, Turánek J. The immunogenicity of p24 protein from HIV-1 virus is strongly supported and modulated by coupling with liposomes and mannan. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121844. [PMID: 38431385 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Anti-viral and anti-tumor vaccines aim to induce cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) and antibodies. Conserved protein antigens, such as p24 from human immunodeficiency virus, represent promising component for elicitation CTLs, nevertheless with suboptimal immunogenicity, if formulated as recombinant protein. To enhance immunogenicity and CTL response, recombinant proteins may be targeted to dendritic cells (DC) for cross presentation on MHCI, where mannose receptor and/or other lectin receptors could play an important role. Here, we constructed liposomal carrier-based vaccine composed of recombinant p24 antigen bound by metallochelating linkage onto surface of nanoliposomes with surface mannans coupled by aminooxy ligation. Generated mannosylated proteonanoliposomes were analyzed by dynamic light scattering, isothermal titration, and electron microscopy. Using murine DC line MutuDC and murine bone marrow derived DC (BMDC) we evaluated their immunogenicity and immunomodulatory activity. We show that p24 mannosylated proteonanoliposomes activate DC for enhanced MHCI, MHCII and CD40, CD80, and CD86 surface expression both on MutuDC and BMDC. p24 mannosylated liposomes were internalized by MutuDC with p24 intracellular localization within 1 to 3 h. The combination of metallochelating and aminooxy ligation could be used simultaneously to generate nanoliposomal adjuvanted recombinant protein-based vaccines versatile for combination of recombinant antigens relevant for antibody and CTL elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zachová
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - E Bartheldyová
- C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - F Hubatka
- C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Křupka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - N Odehnalová
- C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Turánek Knötigová
- C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - N Vaškovicová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Sloupenská
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R Hromádka
- C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Paulovičová
- Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - R Effenberg
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Ledvina
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Raška
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - J Turánek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic; C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Clinical Immunology & Allergology, Charles University Prague and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Li H, Wang G, Yan X, Hu X, Li J. Effects of acetyl groups on the prebiotic properties of glucomannan extracted from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121805. [PMID: 38368082 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the structural modification of glucomannan extracted from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds (60S) to assess the impact of acetyl groups on its prebiotic characteristics. The structural changes were examined, with a focus on the degree of acetyl group substitution (DS). Both deacetylation and acetylation had limited influence on the molecular properties of 60S. Despite these modifications, the apparent viscosity of all samples remained consistently low. In vitro fermentation experiments revealed that Escherichia-Shigella decreased as DS increased, while Bacteroides ovatus was enriched. Acetylation had no significant impact on the utilization rate of 60S but led to a reduction in the production of propionic acid. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics analysis confirmed the changes in propionic acid levels. Notably, metabolites such as N-acetyl-L-tyrosine, γ-muricholic acid, and taurocholate were upregulated by acetylated derivatives. Overall, acetyl groups are speculated to play a pivotal role in the prebiotic properties of 60S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gongda Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ximei Yan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Junjun Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Chen J, Yin J, Xie H, Lu W, Wang H, Zhao J, Zhu J. Mannan-oligosaccharides promote gut microecological recovery after antibiotic disturbance. Food Funct 2024; 15:3810-3823. [PMID: 38511344 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment often causes collateral damage to the gut microbiota, including changes in its diversity and composition. Dietary fiber helps maintain intestinal health, regulate short-chain fatty acids, and promote the recovery of the intestinal microbiome. However, it is currently unknown which specific plant-based dietary fiber is optimal as a dietary supplement for restoring the intestinal microbiota after antibiotic disturbance. Previously, we proposed predictive recovery-associated bacterial species (p-RABs) and identified the most important interventions. This study aimed to identify an optimal form of dietary fiber to recover the gut microbiome after antibiotic treatment. Therefore, we examined the types of dietary fibers associated with p-RABs through a p-RAB-metabolite bilayer network constructed from prior knowledge; we searched for dietary fiber that could provide nutritional support for Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides uniformis. C57BL/6J mice were fed with 500 mg kg-1 of different types of dietary fibers daily for one week after being treated with ampicillin. The results showed that mannan-oligosaccharides could better promote the diversity of intestinal microbial growth, enhance the recovery of most genera, including Akkermansia and Bacteroides, and inhibit certain pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteus, compared to the other fiber types. Furthermore, mannan-oligosaccharides could regulate the levels of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric acid. Functional predictions showed that starch metabolism, galactose metabolism, and the metabolism of other carbohydrates played key roles in the early recovery process. In conclusion, mannan-oligosaccharides could enhance the recovery of the intestinal microbiome after antibiotic treatment, offering valuable insights for targeted dietary strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jialin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Heqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Zhang R, Li B, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Li L. An essential role for mannan degradation in both cell growth and secondary cell wall formation. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:1407-1420. [PMID: 37978883 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of secondary cell wall deposition and cell expansion during plant growth is required for cell development, particularly in vascular tissues. Yet the fundamental coordination process has received little attention. We observed that the Arabidopsis endo-1,4-mannanase gene, AtMAN6, is involved in the formation of cell walls in vascular tissues. In the inflorescence stem, the man6 mutant had smaller vessel cells with thicker secondary cell walls and shorter fiber cells. Elongation growth was reduced in the root, and secondary cell wall deposition in vessel cells occurred early. Overexpression of AtMAN6 resulted in the inverse phenotypes of the man6 mutant. AtMAN6 was discovered on the plasma membrane and was specifically expressed in vessel cells during its early development. The AtMAN6 protein degraded galactoglucomannan to produce oligosaccharides, which caused secondary cell wall deposition in vessel and fiber cells to be suppressed. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes involved in the regulation of secondary cell wall synthesis was changed in both man6 mutant and AtMAN6 overexpression plants. AtMAN6's C-terminal cysteine repeat motif (CCRM) was found to facilitate homodimerization and is required for its activity. According to the findings, the oligosaccharides produced by AtMAN6 hydrolysis may act as a signal to mediate this coordination between cell growth and secondary cell wall deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunjun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Yan SW, Cheng YK, Zheng WW, Long SR, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Galactomannan inhibits Trichinella spiralis invasion of intestinal epithelium cells and enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity related killing of larvae by driving macrophage polarization. Parasite 2024; 31:6. [PMID: 38334686 PMCID: PMC10854486 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that recombinant Trichinella spiralis galectin (rTsgal) is characterized by a carbohydrate recognition domain sequence motif binding to beta-galactoside, and that rTsgal promotes larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. Galactomannan is an immunostimulatory polysaccharide composed of a mannan backbone with galactose residues. The aim of this study was to investigate whether galactomannan inhibits larval intrusion of intestinal epithelial cells and enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), killing newborn larvae by polarizing macrophages to the M1 phenotype. The results showed that galactomannan specially binds to rTsgal, and abrogated rTsgal facilitation of larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. The results of qPCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry showed that galactomannan and rTsgal activated macrophage M1 polarization, as demonstrated by high expression of iNOS (M1 marker) and M1 related genes (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and increased CD86+ macrophages. Galactomannan and rTsgal also increased NO production. The killing ability of macrophage-mediated ADCC on larvae was also significantly enhanced in galactomannan- and rTsgal-treated macrophages. The results demonstrated that Tsgal may be considered a potential vaccine target molecule against T. spiralis invasion, and galactomannan may be a novel adjuvant therapeutic agent and potential vaccine adjuvant against T. spiralis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
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Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Yao Zhang
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Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Shu Wei Yan
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Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Yong Kang Cheng
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Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Wen Wen Zheng
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Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Shao Rong Long
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Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
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Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Jing Cui
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Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China
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Zhong R, Cui D, Richardson EA, Ye ZH. Acetylation of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I is catalyzed by a suite of trichome birefringence-like proteins. Plant J 2024; 117:1084-1098. [PMID: 37934816 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall polysaccharides, including xylan, mannan, xyloglucan, and pectins, are often acetylated and members of the domain of unknown function 231 (DUF231)/trichome birefringence-like (TBL) family have been shown to be O-acetyltransferases mediating the acetylation of xylan, mannan, and xyloglucan. However, little is known about the O-acetyltransferases responsible for pectin acetylation. In this report, we biochemically characterized a suite of Arabidopsis DUF231/TBL proteins for their roles in pectin acetylation. We generated 24 TBL recombinant proteins in mammalian cells and demonstrated that 10 of them were able to transfer acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA onto the pectins homogalacturonan (HG) or rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), and thus were named pectin O-acetyltransferase 1 to 10 (POAT1 to 10). It was found that POAT2,4,9,10 specifically acetylated HG and POAT5,6 acetylated RG-I, whereas POAT1,3,7,8 could act on both HG and RG-I. The acetylation of HG and RG-I by POATs was further corroborated by hydrolysis with pectin acetylesterases and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, mutations of the conserved GDS and DXXH motifs in POAT3 and POAT8 were shown to lead to a loss of their ability to acetylate HG and RG-I. Furthermore, simultaneous RNA interference downregulation of POAT1,3,6,7,8 resulted in reduced cell expansion, impaired plant growth, and decreased pectin acetylation. Together, our findings indicate that these POATs are pectin O-acetyltransferases involved in acetylation of the pectin polysaccharides HG and RG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Dongtao Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | | | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
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Nakayama H, Hanafusa K, Yamaji T, Oshima E, Hotta T, Takamori K, Ogawa H, Iwabuchi K. Phylactic role of anti-lipoarabinomannan IgM directed against mannan core during mycobacterial infection in macrophages. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143:102391. [PMID: 37574397 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteria enter host phagocytes, such as macrophages by binding to several receptors on phagocytes. Several mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis have evolved systems to evade host bactericidal pathways. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is an essential mycobacterial molecule for both binding to phagocytes and escaping from bactericidal pathways. Integrin CD11b plays critical roles as a phagocytic receptor and contributes to host defense by mediating both nonopsonic and opsonic phagocytosis. However, the mechanisms by which CD11b-mediated phagocytosis associates with LAM and drives the phagocytic process of mycobacteria remain to be fully elucidated. We recently identified TMDU3 as anti-LAM IgM antibody against the mannan core of LAM. The present study investigated the roles of CD11b and TMDU3 in macrophage phagocytosis of mycobacteria and subsequent bactericidal lysosomal fusion to phagosomes. CD11b knockout cells generated by a CRISPR/Cas9 system showed significant attenuation of the ability to phagocytose non-opsonized mycobacteria and LAM-conjugated beads. Moreover, recombinant human CD11b protein was found to bind to LAM. TMDU3 markedly inhibited macrophage phagocytosis of non-opsonized mycobacteria. This antibody slightly increased the phagocytosis of mycobacteria under opsonized conditions, whereas it significantly enhanced CD11b-mediated bactericidal functions. Taken together, these results show a novel phylactic role of anti-LAM IgM during mycobacterial infection in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kei Hanafusa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Oshima
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hotta
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan; Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
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Hajhosseini A, Sharifan A, Eftekhari Z, Alavi A, Doroud D. Optimal Extraction and Deproteinization Method for Mannoprotein Purification from Kluyveromyces marxianus. Iran Biomed J 2023; 27:320-25. [PMID: 37525429 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Mannoproteins, mannose-glycosylated proteins, play an important role in biological processes and have various applications in industries. Several methods have been already used for the extraction of mannoproteins from yeast cell-wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction and deproteinization of mannan oligosaccharide from the Kluyveromyces (K.) marxianus mannoprotein. Methods To acquire crude mannan oligosaccharides, K. marxianus mannoproteins were deproteinized by the Sevage, trichloroacetic acid, and hydrochloric acid (HCL) methods. Total nitrogen, crude protein content, fat, carbohydrate and ash content were measured according to the monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee and standard. Mannan oligosaccharide loss, percentage of deproteinization, and chemical composition of the product were assessed to check the proficiency of different methods. Results Highly purified (95.4%) mannan oligosaccharide with the highest deproteinization (97.33 ± 0.4%) and mannan oligosaccharide loss (25.1 ± 0.6%) were obtained following HCl method. Conclusion HCl, was the most appropriate deproteinization method for the removal of impurities. This preliminary data will support future studies to design scale-up procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anousheh Sharifan
- Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Eftekhari
- Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ariana Alavi
- Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Doroud
- Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Hajhosseini A, Sharifan A, Eftekhari Z, Alavi A, Doroud D. Optimal Extraction and Deproteinization Method for Mannoprotein Purification from Kluyveromyces marxianus. Iran Biomed J 2023; 27:320-25. [PMID: 37525429 PMCID: PMC10707814 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.27.5.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Mannoproteins, mannose-glycosylated proteins, play an important role in biological processes and have various applications in industries. Several methods have been already used for the extraction of mannoproteins from yeast cell-wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction and deproteinization of mannan oligosaccharide from the Kluyveromyces (K.) marxianus mannoprotein. Methods To acquire crude mannan oligosaccharides, K. marxianus mannoproteins were deproteinized by the Sevage, trichloroacetic acid, and hydrochloric acid (HCL) methods. Total nitrogen, crude protein content, fat, carbohydrate and ash content were measured according to the monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee and standard. Mannan oligosaccharide loss, percentage of deproteinization, and chemical composition of the product were assessed to check the proficiency of different methods. Results Highly purified (95.4%) mannan oligosaccharide with the highest deproteinization (97.33 ± 0.4%) and mannan oligosaccharide loss (25.1 ± 0.6%) were obtained following HCl method. Conclusion HCl, was the most appropriate deproteinization method for the removal of impurities. This preliminary data will support future studies to design scale-up procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Hajhosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anousheh Sharifan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Eftekhari
- Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ariana Alavi
- Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Doroud
- Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Souza MD, Eeckhaut V, Goossens E, Ducatelle R, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Poulsen K, Baptista AAS, Bracarense APFRL, Van Immerseel F. Guar gum as galactomannan source induces dysbiosis and reduces performance in broiler chickens and dietary β-mannanase restores the gut homeostasis. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102810. [PMID: 37343353 PMCID: PMC10404764 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Galactomannans are abundant nonstarch polysaccharides in broiler feed ingredients. In broilers, diets with high levels of galactomannans have been associated with innate immune response stimulation, poor zootechnical performance, nutrient and lipid absorption, and excessive digesta viscosity. However, data about its effects on the gut microbiome are scarce. β-Mannanases are enzymes that can hydrolyze β-mannans, resulting in better nutrient utilization. In the current study, we have evaluated the effect of guar gum, a source of galactomannans, supplemented to broiler diets, either with or without β-mannanase supplementation, on the microbiota composition, in an attempt to describe the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in β-mannanase-induced gut health and performance improvements. One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 756) were randomly divided into 3 treatments: control diet, guar gum-supplemented diet (1.7%), or guar gum-supplemented diet + β-mannanase (Hemicell 330 g/ton). The zootechnical performance, gut morphometry, ileal and cecal microbiome, and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were evaluated at different time points. The guar gum supplementation decreased the zootechnical performance, and the β-mannanase supplementation restored performance to control levels. The mannan-rich diet-induced dysbiosis, with marked effects on the cecal microbiota composition. The guar gum-supplemented diet increased the cecal abundance of the genera Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Escherichia-Shigella, and decreased Intestinimonas, Alistipes, Butyricicoccus, and Faecalibacterium. In general, dietary β-mannanase supplementation restored the main microbial shifts induced by guar gum to levels of the control group. In addition, the β-mannanase supplementation reduced cecal isobutyric, isovaleric, valeric acid, and branched-chain fatty acid concentrations as compared to the guar gum-supplemented diet group, suggesting improved protein digestion and reduced cecal protein fermentation. In conclusion, a galactomannan-rich diet impairs zootechnical performance in broilers and results in a diet-induced dysbiosis. β-Mannanase supplementation restored the gut microbiota composition and zootechnical performance to control levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielen de Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology (LAP), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT), Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT), Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT), Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT), Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Ghent University Next Generation Sequencing Facility (NXTGNT), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ana Angelita Sampaio Baptista
- Laboratory of Avian Medicine (LAM), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT), Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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11
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Balamurugan P, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Doan HV, Balasundaram C, Davies SJ, El-Haroun E. Immunostimulatory effect of mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation diet in milkfish (Chanos chanos). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 133:108568. [PMID: 36717065 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to examine the impacts of dietary mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth, hemato-biochemical changes, digestive-antioxidant enzyme activity, immune response, and disease resistance of milkfish (Chanos chanos) fed diets contained MOS i.e. 1g, 2g, and 3g MOS. The growth parameters were significantly influence in milkfish fed all MOS diets, whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly influence with 2g or 3g MOS diets. The total protein (TP), globulin (GB), and glucose (GLU) levels, amylase, protease, liver enzymes were found significantly high in fish fed 2g or 3g MOS diets; but, lipase, trypsin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes were increased significantly at 3g MOS diet. All MOS inclusion levels were significantly increased total and Lactobacillus intestinal microflora population. The oxidative enzymes activity as superoxide desmutase (SOD) and catalyze (CAT) were progressively increased with all MOS supplementation diet, but the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content were found significantly high in fish fed 2g or 3g MOS diets. Similarly, the reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR) contents were observed significantly high level in fish fed 3g MOS diet. The phagocytic (PC) and lysozyme (LYZ) activities were found gradually increase in fish fed increasing level of MOS diets, while the respiratory burst (RB) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities were seen significant in fish fed 2g and 3g MOS diets. The current research work confirmed that C. chanos fed diets contained 3g kg-1 MOS recorded better growth performance, digestive-antioxidant, immune response, and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramaraj Balamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Michael College of Engineering and Technology, Kalayarkoil, 630 551, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdel-Wahab A Abdel-Warith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saudi University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saudi University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Simon J Davies
- School of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway Republic of Ireland, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ehab El-Haroun
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt
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12
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Kono G, Yoshida K, Kokubo E, Ikeda M, Matsubara T, Koyama T, Iwamoto H, Miyaji K. Fermentation Supernatant of Elderly Feces with Inulin and Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Maintains the Barrier of Inflammation-Induced Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 Co-Cultured Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:1510-1517. [PMID: 36622307 PMCID: PMC9880993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier function declines with aging. We evaluated the effect of dietary fibers and indigestible oligosaccharides on intestinal barrier function by altering the microbiota of the elderly. The feces were anaerobically cultured with indigestible dextrin, inulin, partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), lactulose, raffinose, or alginate, and the fermented supernatant was added to inflammation-induced Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 co-cultured cells. Our data showed that inulin- and PHGG-derived supernatants exerted a protective effect on the intestinal barrier. The protective effect was significantly positively correlated with total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and butyric acid production in the supernatant and negatively correlated with the claudin-2 (CLDN2) gene expression in the cultured cells. Furthermore, we showed that the CLDN2 levels are regulated by butyric acid. Thus, inulin and PHGG can change the intestinal environment of the elderly and maintain the intestinal barrier by accelerating the production of SCFAs and modifying the expression levels of barrier function-related genes.
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Le Guern F, Gaucher A, Cosentino G, Lagune M, Haagsman HP, Roux AL, Prim D, Rottman M. Labeled TEMPO-Oxidized Mannan Differentiates Binding Profiles within the Collectin Families. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416067. [PMID: 36555720 PMCID: PMC9786299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the rapid and accurate diagnosis of sepsis is a key component to the improvement of clinical outcomes. The ability of analytical platforms to rapidly detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) in blood could provide a powerful host-independent biomarker of sepsis. A novel concept was investigated based on the idea that a pre-bound and fluorescent ligand could be released from lectins in contact with high-affinity ligands (such as PAMPs). To create fluorescent ligands with precise avidity, the kinetically followed TEMPO oxidation of yeast mannan and carbodiimide coupling were used. The chemical modifications led to decreases in avidity between mannan and human collectins, such as the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and human surfactant protein D (SP-D), but not in porcine SP-D. Despite this effect, these fluorescent derivatives were captured by human lectins using highly concentrated solutions. The resulting fluorescent beads were exposed to different solutions, and the results showed that displacements occur in contact with higher affinity ligands, proving that two-stage competition processes can occur in collectin carbohydrate recognition mechanisms. Moreover, the fluorescence loss depends on the discrepancy between the respective avidities of the recognized ligand and the fluorescent mannan. Chemically modulated fluorescent ligands associated with a diversity of collectins may lead to the creation of diagnostic tools suitable for multiplex array assays and the identification of high-avidity ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Le Guern
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France
- Faculté de Médecine Simone Veil, Université de Versailles St Quentin, INSERM UMR U1173, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Anne Gaucher
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Gina Cosentino
- Faculté de Médecine Simone Veil, Université de Versailles St Quentin, INSERM UMR U1173, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Marion Lagune
- Faculté de Médecine Simone Veil, Université de Versailles St Quentin, INSERM UMR U1173, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section Molecular Host Defence, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Laure Roux
- Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay, 104 Bd Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
- Plateforme des Biomarqueurs Innovants, 104 Bd Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Damien Prim
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Martin Rottman
- Faculté de Médecine Simone Veil, Université de Versailles St Quentin, INSERM UMR U1173, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay, 104 Bd Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
- Plateforme des Biomarqueurs Innovants, 104 Bd Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
- Correspondence:
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14
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Xu R, Zhang L, Yu W, Liu J. A strategy for interfering with the formation of thick cell walls in Haematococcus pluvialis by down-regulating the mannan synthesis pathway. Bioresour Technol 2022; 362:127783. [PMID: 35970497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The challenges associated with effective cell wall disruption remain an important bottleneck that has restricted efforts to extract astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Here, available transcriptomic data and an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system were used to establish an H. pluvialis strain in which the key cell wall formation-related enzyme α-1,6-mannosyltransferase (HpOCH1) was downregulated in an effort to thin cell walls and thereby simplify the astaxanthin extraction process. The cell wall remodeling activity observed in these HpOch1 knockdown H. pluvialis cells resulted in dramatic reductions in the mannan organization and protective ability of the established cell walls. The cell fragmentation rate increased by 58% in HpOch1- group relative to the control group. Critically, astaxanthin synthesis was not altered in the HpOch1 knockdown cells. Overall, this study highlights a novel technical approach to artificial cell wall thinning, offering a foundation for further efforts to more effectively leverage the astaxanthin resources of H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Litao Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Engineering Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Edible Microalgae, Qingdao Langyatai Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266400, China.
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15
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Li YX, Hua XH, Yan QJ, Jin Y, Jiang ZQ. One-Pot Three-Enzyme System for Production of a Novel Prebiotic Mannosyl-β-(1 → 4)-Fructose Using a d-Mannose Isomerase from Xanthomonas phaseoli. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:12117-12127. [PMID: 36121717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present supply of prebiotics is entirely inadequate to meet their demand. To produce novel prebiotics, a d-mannose isomerase (XpMIaseA) from Xanthomonas phaseoli was first produced in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris). XpMIaseA shared the highest amino acid sequence identity (58.0%) with the enzyme from Marinomonas mediterranea. Efficient secretory production of XpMIaseA (282.0 U mL-1) was achieved using high cell density fermentation. The optimal conditions of XpMIaseA were pH 7.5 and 55 °C. It showed a broad substrate specificity, which isomerized d-mannose, d-talose, mannobiose, epilactose, and mannotriose. XpMIaseA was employed to construct a one-pot three-enzyme system for the production of mannosyl-β-(1 → 4)-fructose (MF) using mannan (5%, w/v) as the substrate. The equilibrium yield of MF was 58.2%. In in vitro fermentations, MF significantly stimulated (≤3.2-fold) the growth of 12 among 15 tested Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains compared with fructo-oligosaccharides. Thus, the novel d-mannose isomerase provides a one-pot bioconversion strategy for efficiently producing novel prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Han Hua
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiao-Juan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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16
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Ding Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Li H, Zhang M, He Y, Cheng H, Xu J, Chen X, Zhao X. Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides Enhance the Non-Specific Immunity, Intestinal Health, and Resistance Capacity of Juvenile Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Against Aeromonas hydrophila. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863657. [PMID: 35784342 PMCID: PMC9240629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) have been studied and applied as a feed additive, whereas their regulation on the growth performance and immunity of aquatic animals lacks consensus. Furthermore, their immunoprotective effects on the freshwater fish Megalobrama amblycephala have not been sufficiently studied. Thus, we investigated the effects of dietary MOS of 0, 200, and 400 mg/kg on the growth performance, non-specific immunity, intestinal health, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in juvenile M. amblycephala. The results showed that the weight gain rate of juvenile M. amblycephala was not significantly different after 8 weeks of feeding, whereas the feed conversion ratio decreased in the MOS group of 400 mg/kg. Moreover, dietary MOS increased the survival rate of juvenile M. amblycephala upon infection, which may be attributed to enhanced host immunity. For instance, dietary MOS increase host bactericidal and antioxidative abilities by regulating the activities of hepatic antimicrobial and antioxidant enzymes. In addition, MOS supplementation increased the number of intestinal goblet cells, and the intestine was protected from necrosis of the intestinal folds and disruption of the microvilli and junctional complexes, thus maintaining the stability of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The expression levels of M. amblycephala immune and tight junction-related genes increased after feeding dietary MOS for 8 weeks. However, the upregulated expression of immune and tight junction-related genes in the MOS supplemental groups was not as notable as that in the control group postinfection. Therefore, MOS supplementation might suppress the damage caused by excessive intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, dietary MOS affected the richness and composition of the gut microbiota, which improved the gut health of juvenile M. amblycephala by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial gut microbiota. Briefly, dietary MOS exhibited significant immune protective effects to juvenile M. amblycephala, which is a functional feed additive and immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhujin Ding, ; Xiaoheng Zhao,
| | - Xu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yancui Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Hanliang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhujin Ding, ; Xiaoheng Zhao,
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Si C, He C, Teixeira da Silva JA, Yu Z, Duan J. Metabolic accumulation and related synthetic genes of O-acetyl groups in mannan polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale. Protoplasma 2022; 259:641-657. [PMID: 34251532 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mannan polysaccharides (MPs), which contain substituted O-acetyl groups in their backbone, are abundant in the medicinal plant Dendrobium officinale. Acetyl groups can influence the physiological and biochemical properties of polysaccharides, which mainly accumulate in the stems of D. officinale at four developmental stages (S1-S4), showing an increasing trend and a link with water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs) and mannose. The genes coding for enzymes that catalyze O-acetyl groups to MPs are unknown in D. officinale. The TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE (TBL) gene family contains TBL and DUF231 domains that can transfer O-acetyl groups to various polysaccharides. Based on an established D. officinale genome database, 37 DoTBL genes were identified. Analysis of cis-elements in the promoter region showed that DoTBL genes might respond to different hormones and abiotic stresses. Most of the genes with MeJA-responsive elements were upregulated or downregulated after treatment with MeJA. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that DoTBL genes had significantly higher expression levels in stems and leaves than in roots. Eight DoTBL genes showed relatively higher expression at S2-S4 stages, which showed a link with the content of WSPs and O-acetyl groups. DoTBL35 and its homologous gene DoTBL34 displayed the higher mRNA level in different organs and developmental stages, which might participate in the acetylation of MPs in D. officinale. The subcellular localization of DoTBL34 and DoTBL35 reveals that the endoplasmic reticulum may play an important role in the acetylation of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Si
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis of Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis of Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jaime A Teixeira da Silva
- Independent Researcher, P. O. Box 7, Miki-cho post office, Ikenobe 3011-2, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799, Japan
| | - Zhenming Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis of Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis of Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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18
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Petrova A, Sibgatullina G, Gorshkova T, Kozlova L. Dynamics of cell wall polysaccharides during the elongation growth of rye primary roots. Planta 2022; 255:108. [PMID: 35449484 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In cells of growing rye roots, xyloglucans and homogalacturonans demonstrate developmental stage specificity, while different xylans have tissue specificity. Mannans, arabinans and galactans are also detected within the protoplast. Mannans form films on sections of fresh material. The primary cell walls of plants represent supramolecular exocellular structures that are mainly composed of polysaccharides. Cell wall properties and architecture differ between species and across tissues within a species. We revised the distribution of cell wall polysaccharides and their dynamics during elongation growth and histogenesis in rye roots using nonfixed material and the spectrum of antibodies. Rye is a member of the Poaceae family and thus has so-called type II primary cell walls, which are supposed to be low in pectins and xyloglucans and instead have arabinoxylans and mixed-linkage glucans. However, rye cell walls at the earliest stages of cell development were enriched with the epitopes of xyloglucans and homogalacturonans. Mixed-linkage glucan, which is often considered an elongation growth-specific polysaccharide in plants with type II cell walls, did not display such dynamics in rye roots. The cessation of elongation growth and even the emergence of root hairs were not accompanied by the disappearance of mixed-linkage glucans from cell walls. The diversity of xylan motifs recognized by different antibodies was minimal in the meristem zone of rye roots, but this diversity increased and showed tissue specificity during root growth. Antibodies specific for xyloglucans, galactans, arabinans and mannans bound the cell content. When rye root cells were cut, the epitopes of xyloglucans, galactans and arabinans remained within the cell content, while mannans developed net-like or film-like structures on the surface of sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petrova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gusel Sibgatullina
- The Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Liudmila Kozlova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia.
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Sowinski EE, Westman BM, Redmond CR, Kong Y, Olek AT, Olek J, McCann MC, Carpita NC. Lack of xyloglucan in the cell walls of the Arabidopsis xxt1/xxt2 mutant results in specific increases in homogalacturonan and glucomannan. Plant J 2022; 110:212-227. [PMID: 35041247 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan E Sowinski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Bryce M Westman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Celeste R Redmond
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Anna T Olek
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jan Olek
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Maureen C McCann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
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Fultz R, Ticer T, Glover J, Stripe L, Engevik MA. Select Streptococci Can Degrade Candida Mannan To Facilitate Growth. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0223721. [PMID: 34936835 PMCID: PMC8863070 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02237-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have found that streptococci have a synergistic relationship with Candida species, but the details of these interactions are still being discovered. Candida species are covered by mannan, a polymer of mannose, which could serve as a carbon source for certain microbes. We hypothesized that streptococci that possess mannan-degrading glycosyl hydrolases would be able to enzymatically cleave mannose residues, which could serve as a primary carbohydrate source to support growth. We analyzed 90 streptococcus genomes to predict the capability of streptococci to transport and utilize mannose and to degrade diverse mannose linkages found on mannan. The genome analysis revealed mannose transporters and downstream pathways in most streptococci, but only <50% of streptococci harbored the glycosyl hydrolases required for mannan degradation. To confirm the ability of streptococci to use mannose or mannan, we grew 6 representative streptococci in a chemically defined medium lacking glucose supplemented with mannose, yeast extract, or purified mannan isolated from Candida and Saccharomyces strains. Although all tested Streptococcus strains could use mannose, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus agalactiae, which did not possess mannan-degrading glycosyl hydrolases, could not use yeast extract or mannan to enhance their growth. In contrast, we found that Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus pyogenes possessed the necessary glycosyl hydrolases to use yeast extract and isolated mannan, which promoted robust growth. Our data indicate that several streptococci are capable of degrading fungal mannans and harvesting mannose for energy. IMPORTANCE This work highlights a previously undescribed aspect of streptococcal Candida interactions. Our work identifies that certain streptococci possess the enzymes required to degrade mannan, and through this mechanism, they can release mannose residues from the cell wall of fungal species and use them as a nutrient source. We speculate that streptococci that can degrade fungal mannan may have a competitive advantage for colonization. This finding has broad implications for human health, as streptococci and Candida are found at multiple body sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Taylor Ticer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Janiece Glover
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leah Stripe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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21
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Nabeta HW, Kouokam JC, Lasnik AB, Fuqua JL, Palmer KE. Novel Antifungal Activity of Q-Griffithsin, a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Lectin. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0095721. [PMID: 34494857 PMCID: PMC8557872 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00957-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a rising global incidence of Candida strains with high levels of resistance to fluconazole and other antifungal drugs, hence the need for novel antifungal treatment strategies. Here, we describe the first evidence of antifungal activity of Q-Griffithsin (Q-GRFT), a recombinant oxidation-resistant variant of Griffithsin, a marine red algal lectin with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. We demonstrated that Q-GRFT binds to α-mannan in the Candida albicans cell wall. We also observed that Q-GRFT binding disrupted cell wall integrity and induced reactive oxidative species (ROS) formation, resulting in cell death. Furthermore, we showed that Q-GRFT inhibited the growth of other Candida species C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei and had modest activity against some strains of multi- and pandrug-resistant C. auris. We found that Q-GRFT induced differential expression of numerous genes involved in response to cell stress, including those responsible for neutralizing ROS production and cell cycle regulation. In conclusion, this novel antifungal activity suggests that Q-GRFT is potentially an ideal drug candidate and represents an alternative strategy for the prevention and treatment of candidiasis. IMPORTANCE Fungal infections contribute to morbidity and mortality annually, and the number of organisms that are nonresponsive to the current available drug regimens are on the rise. There is a need to develop new agents to counter these infections and to add to the limited arsenal available to treat fungal infections. Our study has identified Q-GRFT, a broad-spectrum antiviral protein that harbors growth-inhibitory activity against several Candida strains, as a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W. Nabeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Joseph C. Kouokam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Amanda B. Lasnik
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Joshua L. Fuqua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Palmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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22
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Franková L, Fry SC. Hemicellulose-remodelling transglycanase activities from charophytes: towards the evolution of the land-plant cell wall. Plant J 2021; 108:7-28. [PMID: 34547150 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transglycanases remodel cell-wall polymers, having a critical impact on many physiological processes. Unlike xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity, widely studied in land plants, very little is known about charophyte wall-modifying enzymes - information that would promote our understanding of the 'primordial' wall, revealing how the wall matrix is remodelled in the closest living algal relatives of land plants, and what changed during terrestrialisation. We conducted various in-vitro assays for wall-remodelling transglycosylases, monitoring either (a) polysaccharide-to-[3 H]oligosaccharide transglycosylation or (b) non-radioactive oligosaccharide-to-oligosaccharide transglycosylation. We screened a wide collection of enzyme extracts from charophytes (and early-diverging land plants for comparison) and discovered several homo- and hetero-transglycanase activities. In contrast to most land plants, charophytes possess high trans-β-1,4-mannanase activity, suggesting that land plants' algal ancestors prioritised mannan remodelling. Trans-β-1,4-xylanase activity was also found, most abundantly in Chara, Nitella and Klebsormidium. Exo-acting transglycosidase activities (trans-β-1,4-xylosidase and trans-β-1,4-mannosidase) were also detected. In addition, charophytes exhibited homo- and hetero-trans-β-glucanase activities (XET, mixed-linkage glucan [MLG]:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase and cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase) despite the paucity or lack of land-plant-like xyloglucan and MLG as potential donor substrates in their cell walls. However, trans-α-xylosidase activity (which remodels xyloglucan in angiosperms) was absent in charophytes and early-diverging land plants. Transglycanase action was also found in situ, acting on endogenous algal polysaccharides as donor substrates and fluorescent xyloglucan oligosaccharides as acceptor substrates. We conclude that trans-β-mannanase and trans-β-xylanase activities are present and thus may play key roles in charophyte walls (most of which possess little or no xyloglucan and MLG, but often contain abundant β-mannans and β-xylans), comparable to the roles of XET in xyloglucan-rich land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Franková
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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Mu R, Zhang Y, Yan L, Liao Z, Yang Y, Su H, Dong L, Wang C. A "Bridge-Building" Glycan Scaffold Mimicking Microbial Invasion for In Situ Endothelialization. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2103490. [PMID: 34476850 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The globally high prevalence of peripheral artery diseases poses a pressing need for biomaterials grafts to rebuild vasculature. When implanted, they should promote endothelial cells (ECs) adhesion both profoundly and selectively-but the latter expectation remains unfulfilled. Here, this work is inspired by fungi that invade blood vessels via the "bridge" of galectins that, secreted by ECs, can simultaneously bind carbohydrates on fungal surface and integrin receptors on ECs. A glucomannan decanoate (GMDE) substrate mimicking fungal carbohydrates that highly and preferentially supports ECs adhesion while rejecting several other cell types is designed. Electrospun GMDE scaffolds efficiently sequester endogenous galectin-1-which bridges ECs to the scaffolds as it functions in fungal invasions-and promote blood perfusion in a murine limb ischemic model. Meanwhile, the application of GMDE requires no exogenous pro-angiogenic agents and causes no organ toxicity or adverse inflammation in mice, highlighting its high safety of potential translation. This glycan material, uniquely mimicking a microbial action and harnessing a secreted protein as a "bridge," represents an effective, safe, and different strategy for ischemic vascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhencheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yushun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Polanowska K, Varghese R, Kuligowski M, Majcher M. Carob kibbles as an alternative raw material for production of kvass with probiotic potential. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5487-5497. [PMID: 33682152 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-diary beverages with probiotic properties are of great interest nowadays. In this research, we evaluated the suitability of carob kibbles in the manufacture of kvass. Kvass is a low-alcohol drink popular in Central and Eastern Europe and indicated as a potential non-diary beverage with probiotic properties. Therefore, the viability of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii during 4 weeks' storage in manufactured beverages was tested. RESULTS Carob kibbles introduced significant amounts of phenolic compounds into kvasses, especially gallic acid (up to 117.45 ± 10.56 mg L-1 ), and improved antiradical activity up to 78% after fermentation. Moreover, fermentation efficiently reduced furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural content in samples up to 12.9% and 29.9%, respectively. Kvasses with rye malt extract possessed coffee-like, chocolate-like, roasted and caramel-like odours and a more bitter taste. Whereas kvass with carob kibbles was characterized by fruit-like odour and sweeter taste. Fermentation contributed to a creation as well as degradation of volatiles. L. plantarum exhibited higher general mortality during storage, whereas, in the case of S. boulardii, the viability was significantly higher regardless of the sample composition. CONCLUSION This is the first study reporting the use of carob kibbles for kvass production. The obtained results showed that carob kibbles can replace rye malt extract, at least partially, in the production of kvass, giving to the product added health benefits. Moreover, S. boulardii is a better choice for production of kvass with probiotic properties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Polanowska
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Reshma Varghese
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Kuligowski
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Majcher
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Somssich M, Vandenbussche F, Ivakov A, Funke N, Ruprecht C, Vissenberg K, VanDer Straeten D, Persson S, Suslov D. Brassinosteroids Influence Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Graviresponses through Changes in Mannans and Cellulose. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:678-692. [PMID: 33570567 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The force of gravity is a constant environmental factor. Plant shoots respond to gravity through negative gravitropism and gravity resistance. These responses are essential for plants to direct the growth of aerial organs away from the soil surface after germination and to keep an upright posture above ground. We took advantage of the effect of brassinosteroids (BRs) on the two types of graviresponses in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls to disentangle functions of cell wall polymers during etiolated shoot growth. The ability of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings to grow upward was suppressed in the presence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) but enhanced in the presence of brassinazole (BRZ), an inhibitor of BR biosynthesis. These effects were accompanied by changes in cell wall mechanics and composition. Cell wall biochemical analyses, confocal microscopy of the cellulose-specific pontamine S4B dye and cellular growth analyses revealed that the EBL and BRZ treatments correlated with changes in cellulose fibre organization, cell expansion at the hypocotyl base and mannan content. Indeed, a longitudinal reorientation of cellulose fibres and growth inhibition at the base of hypocotyls supported their upright posture whereas the presence of mannans reduced gravitropic bending. The negative effect of mannans on gravitropism is a new function for this class of hemicelluloses. We also found that EBL interferes with upright growth of hypocotyls through their uneven thickening at the base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Somssich
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Norma Funke
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Targenomix GmbH, Am Muehlenberg 11, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Colin Ruprecht
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Biology Department, Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen 2020, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos, Heraklion, Crete 71410, Greece
| | - Dominique VanDer Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Dmitry Suslov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Gao G, Cao J, Mi L, Feng D, Deng Q, Sun X, Zhang H, Wang Q, Wang J. BdPUL12 depolymerizes β-mannan-like glycans into mannooligosaccharides and mannose, which serve as carbon sources for Bacteroides dorei and gut probiotics. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:664-674. [PMID: 34339781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria, including members of the Bacteroides genus, are known to digest dietary fibers in the gastrointestinal tract. The metabolism of complex carbohydrates is restricted to a specified subset of species and is likely orchestrated by polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) in these microorganisms. β-Mannans are plant cell wall polysaccharides that are commonly found in human nutrients. Here, we report the structural basis of a PUL cluster, BdPUL12, which controls β-mannan-like glycan catabolism in Bacteroides dorei. Detailed biochemical characterization and targeted gene disruption studies demonstrated that a key glycoside hydrolase, BdP12GH26, performs the initial attack on galactomannan or glucomannan likely via an endo-acting mode, generating mannooligosaccharides and mannose. Importantly, coculture assays showed that the B. dorei promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, likely by sharing mannooligosaccharides and mannose with these gut probiotics. Our findings provide new insights into carbohydrate metabolism in gut-inhabiting bacteria and lay a foundation for novel probiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiawen Cao
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lan Mi
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaobao Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huien Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiakun Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhou H, Xu Y, Ebel F, Jin C. Galactofuranose (Galf)-containing sugar chain contributes to the hyphal growth, conidiation and virulence of F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250064. [PMID: 34329342 PMCID: PMC8323920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ascomycete fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum causes vascular wilt diseases in cucumber. However, few genes related to morphogenesis and pathogenicity of this fungal pathogen have been functionally characterized. BLASTp searches of the Aspergillus fumigatus UgmA and galatofuranosyltransferases (Galf-transferases) sequences in the F. oxysporum genome identified two genes encoding putative UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM), ugmA and ugmB, and six genes encoding putative Galf-transferase homologs. In this study, the single and double mutants of the ugmA, ugmB and gfsB were obtained. The roles of UGMs and GfsB were investigated by analyzing the phenotypes of the mutants. Our results showed that deletion of the ugmA gene led to a reduced production of galactofuranose-containing sugar chains, reduced growth and impaired conidiation of F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum. Most importantly, the ugmA deletion mutant lost the pathogenicity in cucumber plantlets. Although deletion of the ugmB gene did not cause any visible phenotype, deletion of both ugmA and ugmB genes caused more severe phenotypes as compared with the ΔugmA, suggesting that UgmA and UgmB are redundant and they can both contribute to synthesis of UDP-Galf. Furthermore, the ΔgfsB exhibited an attenuated virulence although no other phenotype was observed. Our results demonstrate that the galactofuranose (Galf) synthesis contributes to the cell wall integrity, germination, hyphal growth, conidiation and virulence in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum and an ideal target for the development of new anti-Fusarium agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Frank Ebel
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Bio-refinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Pang J, Wang Q, Yan L, Wang L, Xing Z, Wang C, Zhang J, Dong L. Delivering Antisense Oligonucleotides across the Blood-Brain Barrier by Tumor Cell-Derived Small Apoptotic Bodies. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2004929. [PMID: 34258157 PMCID: PMC8261483 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the most restrictive and complicated barrier that keeps most biomolecules and drugs from the brain. An efficient brain delivery strategy is urgently needed for the treatment of brain diseases. Based on the studies of brain-targeting extracellular vesicles (EVs), the potential of using small apoptotic bodies (sABs) from brain metastatic cancer cells for brain-targeting drug delivery is explored. It is found that anti-TNF-α antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) combined with cationic konjac glucomannan (cKGM) can be successfully loaded into sABs via a transfection/apoptosis induction process and that the sABs generated by B16F10 cells have an extraordinarily high brain delivery efficiency. Further studies suggest that ASO-loaded sABs (sCABs) are transcytosed by b. End3 (brain microvascular endothelial cells, BMECs) to penetrate the BBB, which is mediated by CD44v6, and eventually taken up by microglial cells in the brain. In a Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model, sCABs dramatically ameliorate PD symptoms via the anti-inflammatory effect of ASO. This study suggests that sABs from brain metastatic cancer cells are excellent carriers for brain-targeted delivery, as they have not only an extraordinary delivery efficiency but also a much higher scale-up production potential than other EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210093China
| | - Jiayun Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210093China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210093China
| | - Luocheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210093China
| | - Lintao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210093China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Zhen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210093China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SAR999078China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210093China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210093China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation CenterNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
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Grigoreva E, Tkachenko A, Arkhimandritova S, Beatovic A, Ulianich P, Volkov V, Karzhaev D, Ben C, Gentzbittel L, Potokina E. Identification of Key Metabolic Pathways and Biomarkers Underlying Flowering Time of Guar ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) via Integrated Transcriptome-Metabolome Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070952. [PMID: 34206279 PMCID: PMC8303896 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is an annual legume crop native to India and Pakistan. Seeds of the plant serve as a source of galactomannan polysaccharide (guar gum) used in the food industry as a stabilizer (E412) and as a gelling agent in oil and gas fracturing fluids. There were several attempts to introduce this crop to countries of more northern latitudes. However, guar is a plant of a short photoperiod, therefore, its introduction, for example, to Russia is complicated by a long day length during the growing season. Breeding of new guar varieties insensitive to photoperiod slowed down due to the lack of information on functional molecular markers, which, in turn, requires information on guar genome. Modern breeding strategies, e.g., genomic predictions, benefit from integration of multi-omics approaches such as transcriptome, proteome and metabolome assays. Here we present an attempt to use transcriptome-metabolome integration to understand the genetic determination of flowering time variation among guar plants that differ in their photoperiod sensitivity. This study was performed on nine early- and six delayed-flowering guar varieties with the goal to find a connection between 63 metabolites and 1,067 differentially expressed transcripts using Shiny GAM approach. For the key biomarker of flowering in guar myo-inositol we also evaluated the KEGG biochemical pathway maps available for Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway is initiated in guar plants that are ready for flowering through the activation of the phospholipase C (PLC) gene, resulting in an exponential increase in the amount of myo-inositol in its free form observed on GC-MS chromatograms. The signaling pathway is performed by suppression of myo-inositol phosphate kinases (phosphorylation) and alternative overexpression of phosphatases (dephosphorylation). Our study suggests that metabolome and transcriptome information taken together, provide valuable information about biomarkers that can be used as a tool for marker-assisted breeding, metabolomics and functional genomics of this important legume crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Grigoreva
- Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.); (A.B.)
- Institute of Forest and Natural Resources Management, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Alexander Tkachenko
- Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9217634039
| | | | - Aleksandar Beatovic
- Information Technologies and Programming Faculty, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Pavel Ulianich
- All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Volkov
- Institute of Forest and Natural Resources Management, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Karzhaev
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Cécile Ben
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (C.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Laurent Gentzbittel
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (C.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Elena Potokina
- Institute of Forest and Natural Resources Management, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (E.P.)
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
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30
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Lahmer T, Kriescher S, Herner A, Rothe K, Spinner CD, Schneider J, Mayer U, Neuenhahn M, Hoffmann D, Geisler F, Heim M, Schneider G, Schmid RM, Huber W, Rasch S. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: Results from the prospective AspCOVID-19 study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0238825. [PMID: 33730058 PMCID: PMC7968651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Superinfections, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), are well-known complications of critically ill patients with severe viral pneumonia. Aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and outcome of IPA in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods We prospectively screened 32 critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia for a time period of 28 days using a standardized study protocol for oberservation of developement of COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). We collected laboratory, microbiological, virological and clinical parameters at defined timepoints in combination with galactomannan-antigen-detection from nondirected bronchial lavage (NBL). We used logistic regression analyses to assess if COVID-19 was independently associated with IPA and compared it with matched controls. Findings CAPA was diagnosed at a median of 4 days after ICU admission in 11/32 (34%) of critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia as compared to 8% in the control cohort. In the COVID-19 cohort, mean age, APACHE II score and ICU mortality were higher in patients with CAPA than in patients without CAPA (36% versus 9.5%; p<0.001). ICU stay (21 versus 17 days; p = 0.340) and days of mechanical ventilation (20 versus 15 days; p = 0.570) were not different between both groups. In regression analysis COVID-19 and APACHE II score were independently associated with IPA. Interpretation CAPA is highly prevalent and associated with a high mortality rate. COVID-19 is independently associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. A standardized screening and diagnostic approach as presented in our study can help to identify affected patients at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lahmer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Silja Kriescher
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Aneasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Herner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rothe
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D. Spinner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mayer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Neuenhahn
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Hoffmann
- Institut für Virologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Geisler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Heim
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Aneasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Aneasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rasch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Verhertbruggen Y, Bouder A, Vigouroux J, Alvarado C, Geairon A, Guillon F, Wilkinson MD, Stritt F, Pauly M, Lee MY, Mortimer JC, Scheller HV, Mitchell RAC, Voiniciuc C, Saulnier L, Chateigner-Boutin AL. The TaCslA12 gene expressed in the wheat grain endosperm synthesizes wheat-like mannan when expressed in yeast and Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2021; 302:110693. [PMID: 33288007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mannan is a class of cell wall polysaccharides widespread in the plant kingdom. Mannan structure and properties vary according to species and organ. The cell walls of cereal grains have been extensively studied due to their role in cereal processing and to their beneficial effect on human health as dietary fiber. Recently, we showed that mannan in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain endosperm has a linear structure of β-1,4-linked mannose residues. The aim of this work was to study the biosynthesis and function of wheat grain mannan. We showed that mannan is deposited in the endosperm early during grain development, and we identified candidate mannan biosynthetic genes expressed in the endosperm. The functional study in wheat was unsuccessful therefore our best candidate genes were expressed in heterologous systems. The endosperm-specificTaCslA12 gene expressed in Pichia pastoris and in an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant depleted in glucomannan led to the production of wheat-like linear mannan lacking glucose residues and with moderate acetylation. Therefore, this gene encodes a mannan synthase and is likely responsible for the synthesis of wheat endosperm mannan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark D Wilkinson
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JK, UK
| | - Fabian Stritt
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Independent Junior Research Group-Designer Glycans, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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32
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Matsuyama K, Kishine N, Fujimoto Z, Sunagawa N, Kotake T, Tsumuraya Y, Samejima M, Igarashi K, Kaneko S. Unique active-site and subsite features in the arabinogalactan-degrading GH43 exo-β-1,3-galactanase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18539-18552. [PMID: 33093171 PMCID: PMC7939473 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are plant proteoglycans with functions in growth and development. However, these functions are largely unexplored, mainly because of the complexity of the sugar moieties. These carbohydrate sequences are generally analyzed with the aid of glycoside hydrolases. The exo-β-1,3-galactanase is a glycoside hydrolase from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Pc1,3Gal43A), which specifically cleaves AGPs. However, its structure is not known in relation to its mechanism bypassing side chains. In this study, we solved the apo and liganded structures of Pc1,3Gal43A, which reveal a glycoside hydrolase family 43 subfamily 24 (GH43_sub24) catalytic domain together with a carbohydrate-binding module family 35 (CBM35) binding domain. GH43_sub24 is known to lack the catalytic base Asp conserved among other GH43 subfamilies. Our structure in combination with kinetic analyses reveals that the tautomerized imidic acid group of Gln263 serves as the catalytic base residue instead. Pc1,3Gal43A has three subsites that continue from the bottom of the catalytic pocket to the solvent. Subsite -1 contains a space that can accommodate the C-6 methylol of Gal, enabling the enzyme to bypass the β-1,6-linked galactan side chains of AGPs. Furthermore, the galactan-binding domain in CBM35 has a different ligand interaction mechanism from other sugar-binding CBM35s, including those that bind galactomannan. Specifically, we noted a Gly → Trp substitution, which affects pyranose stacking, and an Asp → Asn substitution in the binding pocket, which recognizes β-linked rather than α-linked Gal residues. These findings should facilitate further structural analysis of AGPs and may also be helpful in engineering designer enzymes for efficient biomass utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Matsuyama
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Kishine
- Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Sunagawa
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tsumuraya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Samejima
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Subtropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Chen X, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhang L, Zhan R, Wang S, Wang K. Biochemical analyses of a novel thermostable GH5 endo β-1,4-mannanase with minor β-1,4-glucosidic cleavage activity from Bacillus sp. KW1 and its synergism with a commercial α-galactosidase on galactomannan hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:778-788. [PMID: 33144255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel GH5 endo-1,4-β-mannanase (BaMan5A) was identified from Bacillus sp. KW1, it shares the highest sequence identity (86%) with another characterized Bacillus endo-1,4-β-mannanase. The recombinant BaMan5A displayed maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 70 °C, it was stable at a broad pH range (pH 3.5-11.0) after 12-h incubation at 25 °C, and exhibited good thermostability, retaining about 100% and 85% activity after incubating at 60 °C for 12 h and 65 °C for 8 h, respectively. The results of polysaccharide hydrolysis revealed that the enzyme can only hydrolyze mannan substrates, including carob galactomannan, konjac glucomannan, 1,4-β-D-mannan, locust bean gum, and guar gum, yielding mannose, mannobiose, mannotriose, and some other oligosaccharides. The best substrate was carob galactomannan, the corresponding specific activity and Km value were 10,886 μmol/min/μmol and 3.31 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, BaMan5A was capable to hydrolyze both manno-oligosaccharides and cello-oligosaccharides, including mannotetraose, mannopentaose, mannohexaose, cellopentaose and cellohexaose. Furthermore, BaMan5A acted synergistically with a commercial α-galactosidase (CbAgal) on galactomannan depolymerization, a best synergy degree of 1.58 was achieved after optimizing enzyme ratios. This study not only expands the diversity of Bacillus GH5 β-mannanase, but also discloses the potential of BaMan5A in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China
| | - Sidi Wang
- College of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kui Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, PR China; Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, PR China.
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Lu ZY, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Kuang SY, Tang L, Yang J, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Mannan oligosaccharides supplementation enhanced head-kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 106:596-608. [PMID: 32841685 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the influences of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on the head-kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its related mechanism. Fish were fed during 60 days at different levels of MOS (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg-1). Subsequently, 14 days after the feeding trial was injected intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila, the immune function was studied. The results are as follows: (1) appropriate MOS supplementation could increase the content of antibacterial compound and immunoglobulin (Ig), up-regulate antimicrobial peptides transcriptional levels in these two organs; (2) appropriate MOS supplementation attenuated inflammatory response in these two organs by regulating cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) and related signalling pathways (NF-κB and TOR). The interesting points though, was, no differences were found in liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-4/13B, IκB kinase (IKK) α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p52 gene expression in these two organs. Consequently, the present research suggests that MOS supplementation can enhance head-kidney and spleen immune function. Finally, we obtained these appropriate MOS dose (538.5 and 585.8 mg kg-1) by quadratic regression analysis of lysozyme activity (head-kidney) and phosphatase activity (spleen), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Lu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Enterprise Technology Center, Tongwei Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Flikweert AW, Grootenboers MJJH, Yick DCY, du Mée AWF, van der Meer NJM, Rettig TCD, Kant MKM. Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series. J Crit Care 2020; 59:149-155. [PMID: 32674001 PMCID: PMC7340597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathological data of critical ill COVID-19 patients is essential in the search for optimal treatment options. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed postmortem needle core lung biopsies in seven patients with COVID-19 related ARDS. Clinical, radiological and microbiological characteristics are reported together with histopathological findings. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS Patients age ranged from 58 to 83 years, five males and two females were included. Time from hospital admission to death ranged from 12 to 36 days, with a mean of 20 ventilated days. ICU stay was complicated by pulmonary embolism in five patients and positive galactomannan on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in six patients, suggesting COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Chest CT in all patients showed ground glass opacities, commonly progressing to nondependent consolidations. We observed four distinct histopathological patterns: acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, fibrosis and, in four out of seven patients an organizing pneumonia. None of the biopsy specimens showed any signs of invasive aspergillosis. CONCLUSIONS In this case series common late histopathology in critically ill COVID patients is not classic DAD but heterogeneous with predominant pattern of organizing pneumonia. Postmortem biopsy investigations in critically COVID-19 patients with probable COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis obtained no evidence for invasive aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David C Y Yick
- Department of Pathology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thijs C D Rettig
- Department of Intensive Care, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Merijn K M Kant
- Department of Pulmonology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
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Amicucci MJ, Nandita E, Galermo AG, Castillo JJ, Chen S, Park D, Smilowitz JT, German JB, Mills DA, Lebrilla CB. A nonenzymatic method for cleaving polysaccharides to yield oligosaccharides for structural analysis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3963. [PMID: 32770134 PMCID: PMC7414865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the most abundant biomolecules in nature, but are the least understood in terms of their chemical structures and biological functions. Polysaccharides cannot be simply sequenced because they are often highly branched and lack a uniform structure. Furthermore, large polymeric structures cannot be directly analyzed by mass spectrometry techniques, a problem that has been solved for polynucleotides and proteins. While restriction enzymes have advanced genomic analysis, and trypsin has advanced proteomic analysis, there has been no equivalent enzyme for universal polysaccharide digestion. We describe the development and application of a chemical method for producing oligosaccharides from polysaccharides. The released oligosaccharides are characterized by advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods with high sensitivity, accuracy and throughput. The technique is first used to identify polysaccharides by oligosaccharide fingerprinting. Next, the polysaccharide compositions of food and feces are determined, further illustrating the utility of technique in food and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Amicucci
- Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods For Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eshani Nandita
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods For Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ace G Galermo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods For Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Juan Jose Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods For Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods For Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dayoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods For Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Foods For Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods For Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Foods For Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Foods For Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Dawood MAO, El-Shamaa IS, Abdel-Razik NI, Elkomy AH, Gewaily MS, Abdo SE, Soliman AA, Paray BA, Abdelkhalek N. The effect of mannanoligosaccharide on the growth performance, histopathology, and the expression of immune and antioxidative related genes in Nile tilapia reared under chlorpyrifos ambient toxicity. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 103:421-429. [PMID: 32470510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) in reducing the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) toxicity in tilapia was evaluated in the present study. Fish were allotted into four groups and fed the basal diet or MOS and exposed to CPF (control, CPF, MOS, and MOS/CPF) for 30 days. Fish fed MOS revealed higher growth and survival rates and lower FCR than CPF-intoxicated fish (P < 0.05). The Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs variables were lowered by CPF toxicity and increased by MOS (P < 0.05). The values of total protein (sTP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), lysozyme (LZM), and phagocytic activities (PA) decreased whereas, ALP, ALT, AST, urea, bilirubin (BIL), and creatinine (CR) were increased by CPF toxicity. However, dietary MOS increased the sTP, ALB, GLB, LZM, and PA and decreased the ALP, ALT, AST, BIL, and CR. The PA and phagocytic index displayed higher levels by MOS feeding than the other groups (P < 0.05). The lowest mRNA level of GPX1 (cellular GPX) gene was observed in fish of the CPF group, while the highest level was shown in the MOS/CPF group (P < 0.05). Fish in the control and CPF groups displayed downregulated CAT whereas the expression of GPX and CAT genes was higher in fish of the MOS/CPF group than fish in the MOS group (P < 0.05). MOS upregulated the expression of HSP70 gene with CPF toxicity. Fish of the CPF and MOS/CPF groups displayed upregulated CASP3, IFN-γ, and IL-8 genes. Fish of the CPF group exhibited the lowest IL-1β, while fish of the MOS/CPF group showed upregulated IL-1β. The intoxication with CPF induced histopathological inflammations in the gills, intestine, and liver tissues, while dietary MOS protected against inflammation. In summary, dietary MOS is recommended as an immunostimulant to counteract the inflammatory impacts of waterborne CPF toxicity in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim S El-Shamaa
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I Abdel-Razik
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Azza H Elkomy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Ali A Soliman
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nevien Abdelkhalek
- Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Deng L, Liu D, Zhang Q, Luo J, Zhong G. Effect of the mixture of mulberry leaf powder and KGM flour on promoting calcium absorption and bone mineral density in vivo. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:3587-3597. [PMID: 31846076 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper, mulberry leaf powder (MLP) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) flour were used as raw materials, and animal experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of a mixture of MLP and KGM on bone density. The femoral bone microstructure of mice and pathological changes were observed by using micro-computed tomography) and haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining methods, respectively. A three-point bending test was used to determine the biomechanical properties of the femur. RESULTS Results indicated that the calcium content of MLP was high, reaching 16 148.5 mg kg-1 , and the total proportion of water-soluble calcium, calcium pectinate, and calcium carbonate accounted for about 60% of the total calcium content. Serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was significantly lower, and serum calcium content was significantly higher (P < 0.05), in the MLP + KGM group (KM) than in the low-calcium control group, whereas no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found for serum phosphorus content. KM had a longer femur length, a higher bone mineral density (BMD) (P > 0.05), and significantly greater femur diameter, dry weight, index and bone calcium content (P < 0.05). However, these parameters were not significantly different from those of the calcium carbonate control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results indicate that the MLP/KGM mixture can reduce the high rate of bone turnover and the corresponding loss of bone mass caused by calcium deficiency and is thus effective in enhancing bone density. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- R & D Division, Chongqing Institute of Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhua Luo
- R & D Division, Chongqing Institute of Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Geng Zhong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Boubezari I, Bessueille F, Bonhomme A, Raimondi G, Zazoua A, Errachid A, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Laccase-Based Biosensor Encapsulated in a Galactomannan-Chitosan Composite for the Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds. Biosensors (Basel) 2020; 10:bios10060070. [PMID: 32580493 PMCID: PMC7345157 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Galactomannan, a neutral polysaccharide, was extracted from carob seeds and characterized. It was used for the first time for the fabrication of a laccase-based biosensor by the encapsulation of laccase in a chitosan+galactomannan composite. The fabricated biosensor was characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The pyrocatechol detection was obtained by cyclic voltammetry measurements, through the detection of o-quinone at -0.447 V. The laccase activity was well preserved in the chitosan+galactomannan composite and the sensitivity of detection of pyrocatechol in the 10-16 M-10-4 M range was very high. The voltammetric response of the biosensor was stable for more than two weeks. To estimate the antioxidant capacity of olive oil samples, it was shown that the obtained laccase-based biosensor is a valuable alternative to the colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Boubezari
- Laboratory of Applied Energetics and Materials, University of Jijel, Ouled Aissa 18000, Algeria; (I.B.); (A.Z.)
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, University of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (F.B.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (A.E.)
| | - François Bessueille
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, University of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (F.B.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (A.E.)
| | - Anne Bonhomme
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, University of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (F.B.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (A.E.)
| | - Gaëtan Raimondi
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, University of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (F.B.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (A.E.)
| | - Ali Zazoua
- Laboratory of Applied Energetics and Materials, University of Jijel, Ouled Aissa 18000, Algeria; (I.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, University of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (F.B.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (A.E.)
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, University of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; (F.B.); (A.B.); (G.R.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-437423516
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40
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Seničar M, Lafite P, Eliseeva SV, Petoud S, Landemarre L, Daniellou R. Galactofuranose-Related Enzymes: Challenges and Hopes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103465. [PMID: 32423053 PMCID: PMC7278926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactofuranose is a rare form of the well-known galactose sugar, and its occurrence in numerous pathogenic micro-organisms makes the enzymes responsible for its biosynthesis interesting targets. Herein, we review the role of these carbohydrate-related proteins with a special emphasis on the galactofuranosidases we recently characterized as an efficient recombinant biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Seničar
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, CNRS UMR 7311, Université d’Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.S.); (P.L.)
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron CS 8005, 45071 Orléans, France; (S.V.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Pierre Lafite
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, CNRS UMR 7311, Université d’Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Svetlana V. Eliseeva
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron CS 8005, 45071 Orléans, France; (S.V.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Stéphane Petoud
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron CS 8005, 45071 Orléans, France; (S.V.E.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Richard Daniellou
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, CNRS UMR 7311, Université d’Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.S.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-238-494-978
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Yan L, Xia K, Yu Y, Miliakos A, Chaturvedi S, Zhang F, Chen S, Chaturvedi V, Linhardt RJ. Unique Cell Surface Mannan of Yeast Pathogen Candida auris with Selective Binding to IgG. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1018-1031. [PMID: 32233507 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The emerging, multidrug-resistant yeast pathogen Candida auris is responsible for healthcare-associated outbreaks across the globe with high mortality. The rapid spread of C. auris is linked to its successful colonization of human skin, followed by bloodstream infections. We compared glycomics and proteomics of C. auris to closely and distantly related human pathogenic yeasts, C. haemulonii and C. albicans, with the aim to understand the role of cell surface molecules in skin colonization and immune system interactions. Candida auris mannan is distinct from other pathogenic Candida species, as it is highly enriched in β-1,2-linkages. The experimental data showed that C. auris surface mannan β-1,2-linkages were important for the interactions with the immune protein IgG, found in blood and in sweat glands, and with the mannose binding lectin, found in the blood. Candida auris mannan binding to IgG was from 12- to 20-fold stronger than mannan from the more common pathogen C. albicans. The findings suggest unique C. auris mannan could be crucial for the biology and pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Yan
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Anna Miliakos
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Sudha Chaturvedi
- Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Vishnu Chaturvedi
- Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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Theodorou I, Courtin P, Sadovskaya I, Palussière S, Fenaille F, Mahony J, Chapot-Chartier MP, van Sinderen D. Three distinct glycosylation pathways are involved in the decoration of Lactococcus lactis cell wall glycopolymers. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5519-5532. [PMID: 32169901 PMCID: PMC7170526 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracytoplasmic sugar decoration of glycopolymer components of the bacterial cell wall contributes to their structural diversity. Typically, the molecular mechanism that underpins such a decoration process involves a three-component glycosylation system (TGS) represented by an undecaprenyl-phosphate (Und-P) sugar-activating glycosyltransferase (Und-P GT), a flippase, and a polytopic glycosyltransferase (PolM GT) dedicated to attaching sugar residues to a specific glycopolymer. Here, using bioinformatic analyses, CRISPR-assisted recombineering, structural analysis of cell wall-associated polysaccharides (CWPS) through MALDI-TOF MS and methylation analysis, we report on three such systems in the bacterium Lactococcus lactis On the basis of sequence similarities, we first identified three gene pairs, csdAB, csdCD, and csdEF, each encoding an Und-P GT and a PolM GT, as potential TGS component candidates. Our experimental results show that csdAB and csdCD are involved in Glc side-chain addition on the CWPS components rhamnan and polysaccharide pellicle (PSP), respectively, whereas csdEF plays a role in galactosylation of lipoteichoic acid (LTA). We also identified a potential flippase encoded in the L. lactis genome (llnz_02975, cflA) and confirmed that it participates in the glycosylation of the three cell wall glycopolymers rhamnan, PSP, and LTA, thus indicating that its function is shared by the three TGSs. Finally, we observed that glucosylation of both rhamnan and PSP can increase resistance to bacteriophage predation and that LTA galactosylation alters L. lactis resistance to bacteriocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Theodorou
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Pascal Courtin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Irina Sadovskaya
- Équipe BPA, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Institut Régional Charles Violette EA 7394, USC Anses-ULCO, 62202 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Simon Palussière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), MetaboHUB, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | | | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
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Mandelli F, de Morais MAB, de Lima EA, Oliveira L, Persinoti GF, Murakami MT. Spatially remote motifs cooperatively affect substrate preference of a ruminal GH26-type endo-β-1,4-mannanase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5012-5021. [PMID: 32139511 PMCID: PMC7152760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Mannanases from the glycoside hydrolase 26 (GH26) family are retaining hydrolases that are active on complex heteromannans and whose genes are abundant in rumen metagenomes and metatranscriptomes. These enzymes can exhibit distinct modes of substrate recognition and are often fused to carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), resulting in a molecular puzzle of mechanisms governing substrate preference and mode of action that has not yet been pieced together. In this study, we recovered a novel GH26 enzyme with a CBM35 module linked to its N terminus (CrMan26) from a cattle rumen metatranscriptome. CrMan26 exhibited a preference for galactomannan as substrate and the crystal structure of the full-length protein at 1.85 Å resolution revealed a unique orientation of the ancillary domain relative to the catalytic interface, strategically positioning a surface aromatic cluster of the ancillary domain as an extension of the substrate-binding cleft, contributing to galactomannan preference. Moreover, systematic investigation of nonconserved residues in the catalytic interface unveiled that residues Tyr195 (-3 subsite) and Trp234 (-5 subsite) from distal negative subsites have a key role in galactomannan preference. These results indicate a novel and complex mechanism for substrate recognition involving spatially remote motifs, distal negative subsites from the catalytic domain, and a surface-associated aromatic cluster from the ancillary domain. These findings expand our molecular understanding of the mechanisms of substrate binding and recognition in the GH26 family and shed light on how some CBMs and their respective orientation can contribute to substrate preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mandelli
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Mariana Abrahão Bueno de Morais
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Evandro Antonio de Lima
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Felix Persinoti
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Mário Tyago Murakami
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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Sasaki T. Influence of anionic, neutral, and cationic polysaccharides on the in vitro digestibility of raw and gelatinized potato starch. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2435-2442. [PMID: 31943226 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polysaccharides have been expected to have a suppressive effect on starch digestibility by blending. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of anionic (xanthan gum), neutral (guar gum), and cationic (chitosan) polysaccharides on the in vitro digestibility of raw and gelatinized starch using six potato cultivars differing in phosphorus content. RESULTS By comparing the starch digestibility between potato cultivars, a significant difference was observed for the raw starches, and 'Benimaru', which is a potato cultivar containing a higher proportion of short-chain amylopectin and the lowest phosphorus content in starch, showed a distinctly faster rate of starch hydrolysis. The added polysaccharides decreased the extent of digestion of both raw and gelatinized starches. No significant correlation between phosphorus content and the extent of starch digestion was observed in mixed systems, whereas significant correlations were noted between the extent of starch digestion and Rapid Visco Analyser parameters. The extent of raw and gelatinized starch digestion negatively correlated with pasting temperature, initial viscosity before heating, and peak viscosity (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The added polysaccharides were observed to decrease the starch digestibility, and their suppressive effects were mainly dependent on the increase of viscosity rather than chemical interactions. A combination of potato cultivar and type of polysaccharide was proved to be important for nutritional value of potato starch. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sasaki
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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Cann I, Pereira GV, Abdel-Hamid AM, Kim H, Wefers D, Kayang BB, Kanai T, Sato T, Bernardi RC, Atomi H, Mackie RI. Thermophilic Degradation of Hemicellulose, a Critical Feedstock in the Production of Bioenergy and Other Value-Added Products. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02296-19. [PMID: 31980431 PMCID: PMC7082577 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02296-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewable fuels have gained importance as the world moves toward diversifying its energy portfolio. A critical step in the biomass-to-bioenergy initiative is deconstruction of plant cell wall polysaccharides to their unit sugars for subsequent fermentation to fuels. To acquire carbon and energy for their metabolic processes, diverse microorganisms have evolved genes encoding enzymes that depolymerize polysaccharides to their carbon/energy-rich building blocks. The microbial enzymes mostly target the energy present in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, three major forms of energy storage in plants. In the effort to develop bioenergy as an alternative to fossil fuel, a common strategy is to harness microbial enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose for fermentation to fuels. However, the conversion of plant biomass to renewable fuels will require both cellulose and hemicellulose, the two largest components of the plant cell wall, as feedstock to improve economic feasibility. Here, we explore the enzymes and strategies evolved by two well-studied bacteria to depolymerize the hemicelluloses xylan/arabinoxylan and mannan. The sets of enzymes, in addition to their applications in biofuels and value-added chemical production, have utility in animal feed enzymes, a rapidly developing industry with potential to minimize adverse impacts of animal agriculture on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Cann
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gabriel V Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Hamid
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Heejin Kim
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Wefers
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Boniface B Kayang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Tamotsu Kanai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
- JST, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rafael C Bernardi
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Haruyuki Atomi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
- JST, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roderick I Mackie
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Soumeh E, Mohebodini H, Toghyani M, Shabani A, Ashayerizadeh A, Jazi V. Synergistic effects of fermented soybean meal and mannan-oligosaccharide on growth performance, digestive functions, and hepatic gene expression in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:6797-6807. [PMID: 31347672 PMCID: PMC8913979 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with or without mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) prebiotic on growth performance, digestive functions, and hepatic IGF-1 gene expression of broiler chicken. A total of 480 day-old male broiler chickens were fed with 4 experimental diets for 6 wk. Experimental diets included corn-soybean meal diet (CON); corn-soybean meal diet + MOS prebiotic [0.2%, ActiveMOS; Biorigin, Brazile]; corn-FSBM diet [soybean meal (SBM) was totally replaced by FSBM]; and corn-FSBM + MOS prebiotic (MIX). Replacing dietary SBM with FSBM with or without MOS improved body weight gain and feed efficiency for the total grow-out period. However, the addition of MOS to the FSBM diet exhibited a greater body weight gain than other experimental diets. Villus height and villus height to crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum were increased by feeding FSBM, MOS, and MIX diets. The ileal crude protein and energy digestibilities, as well as the activities of intestinal amylase and protease, and pancreatic protease, were improved by replacing SBM with FSBM, with or without MOS. The concentration of plasma 3-methylhistidine was reduced by FSBM and MOS, and synergistically by their combination. The MOS and FSBM diets upregulated the hepatic IGF-1 gene expression. However, there was an evident synergistic effect of FSBM supplemented with MOS in the upregulation of the hepatic IGF-1 gene expression. The outcomes of the current study indicate the FSBM and MOS had the potential to improve growth performance, hepatic IGF-1 expression, and intestinal morphology of broilers. Overall, the fermented products could be considered as functional feed that exhibits probiotic effects and the synergistic effects of prebiotics added to the fermented feeds may further improve the growth performance and gut health and functionality in broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Soumeh
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - H. Mohebodini
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - M. Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 8155139999, Iran
| | - A. Shabani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-4364, Iran
| | - A. Ashayerizadeh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-4364, Iran
| | - V. Jazi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-4364, Iran
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Meng X, Yang X, Lin G, Fang Y, Ruan Z, Liu M, Liu G, Li M, Yang D. Mannan oligosaccharide increases the growth performance, immunity and resistance capability against Vibro Parahemolyticus in juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 94:654-660. [PMID: 31561025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This trial was conducted to investigate the effect of mannose oligosaccharides (MOS) on the growth performance, antioxidation, immunity and disease resistance of Vibro Parahemolyticus in juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Four formulated diets were produced to contain 0.00 g/kg, 0.40 g/kg, 0.80 g/kg and 1.60 g/kg Actigen®, with functional ingredients of MOS, respectively. Accordingly, the experimental diets were named as A0, A4, A8 and A16. After 120-days feeding trial, the best growth performance was observed in A8 group (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in A0, A4 and A16 groups. With the increase of dietary MOS, the activity of the total antioxidant capacity in hepatopancreas is increasingly elevated (P < 0.05) while no significant difference was observed on activity of glutathione S-transferase (P > 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were firstly increased and then decreased, with the highest values in A8 group (P < 0.05). Immune-related parameters were significantly affected by dietary MOS inclusion. Specifically, the activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in hepatopancreas and serum of abalone fed diets containing MOS were significantly higher than those of control A0 group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the highest values of both enzymes were observed in hepatopancreas of A8 group but in serum of A16 group, respectively. The lysozyme activities in hepatopancreas and serum of A4 group were significantly higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in A0, A8 and A16 groups (P > 0.05). The activities of cytophagy and respiratory burst in serum of abalone were not significantly affected by dietary MOS content (P > 0.05). The mRNA levels of focal adhesion kinase and integrin-linked kinase were gradually elevated with the increase of dietary MOS, with the highest value recorded in A16 group (P < 0.05). The gene expression of caspse-3 in A8 group was dramatically higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in A0, A4 and A16 groups (P > 0.05). The mRNA level of nuclear factor-κB was not significantly affected by dietary MOS (P > 0.05). During 56 h of V. Parahemolyticus challenge period, the accumulated mortality rate of abalone fed diets containing MOS were significantly lower than that of control A0 group in each time point (P < 0.05). Overall, the lowest rate was happened in A8 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MOS inclusion in diet has obviously positive effect on growth, immunity and disease resistance capability of abalone, with the optimal level of Actigen® at 0.80 g/kg in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Meng
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Xiyun Yang
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Gang Lin
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yan Fang
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Zeli Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Mingfang Liu
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Guoxu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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Zhong R, Cui D, Ye ZH. Evolutionary origin of O-acetyltransferases responsible for glucomannan acetylation in land plants. New Phytol 2019; 224:466-479. [PMID: 31183872 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mannans are an abundant cell wall polysaccharide in bryophytes, seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms. A previous study has shown that mannan acetylation in Arabidopsis and konjac is mediated by mannan O-acetyltransferases belonging to the Domain of Unknown Function (DUF) 231 family. However, little is known about the acetylation patterns of mannans in bryophytes and seedless vascular plants, and the evolutionary origin of mannan O-acetyltransferases in land plants has not yet been studied. Phylogenetic analysis of the DUF231 family revealed that DUF231 members were present in the charophycean green algae and evolved to form overlapped and divergent phylogenetic groups in different taxa of land plants. Acetyltransferase activity assays of recombinant proteins demonstrated that a number of group II DUF231 members from moss, Selaginella, pine, spruce, rice and poplar were mannan 2-O- and 3-O-acetyltransferases, whereas the two group I DUF231 members from the alga Klebsormidium nitens were not. Structural analysis of mannans from moss and Selaginella showed they were composed of mannosyl and glucosyl residues and the mannosyl residues were acetylated at O-2 and O-3. These findings indicate that although the DUF231 genes originated in algae, their recruitment as mannan O-acetyltransferases probably occurred in bryophytes, and the biochemical functions of these O-acetyltransferases are evolutionarily conserved throughout land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Dongtao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Paulovičová L, Paulovičová E, Farkaš P, Čížová A, Bystrický P, Jančinová V, Turánek J, Pericolini E, Gabrielli E, Vecchiarelli A, Hrubiško M. Bioimmunological activities of Candida glabrata cellular mannan. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5303726. [PMID: 30689830 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is a second most common human opportunistic pathogen which causes superficial but also life-threatening systemic candidosis. According to the localisation of mannans and mannoproteins in the outermost layer of the cell wall, mannan detection could be one of the first steps in the cell recognition of Candida cells by the host innate immune system. Mannans from the cell wall provide important immunomodulatory activities, comprising stimulation of cytokine production, induction of dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and T-cell immunity. The model of DCs represents a promising tool to study immunomodulatory interventions throughout the vaccine development. Activated DCs induce, activate and polarise T-cell responses by expression of distinct maturation markers and cytokines regulating the adaptive immune responses. In addition, they are uniquely adept at decoding the fungus-associated information and translate it in qualitatively different T helper responses. We find out, that C. glabrata mannan is able to induce proliferation of splenocytes and to increase the production of TNF-α and IL-4. Next, increased the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 and the proportion of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD28+ T cells during in vitro stimulation of splenocytes. Reported results provide C. glabrata mannan capability to modulate cytokine production, DCs activation and antigen presentation activity, influencing T-cell phenotype in response to stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Paulovičová
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ema Paulovičová
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Farkaš
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alžbeta Čížová
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bystrický
- Division of Neurosciences, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Malá Hora, 10701/4A, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Viera Jančinová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Turánek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine,University of Perugia, Sant' Andrea delle Fratte, 061 32 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 411 25 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Gabrielli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine,University of Perugia, Sant' Andrea delle Fratte, 061 32 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Vecchiarelli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine,University of Perugia, Sant' Andrea delle Fratte, 061 32 Perugia, Italy
| | - Martin Hrubiško
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Oncology Institute of St. Elisabeth, Heydukova 10, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Jami MJ, Abedian Kenari A, Paknejad H, Mohseni M. Effects of dietary b-glucan, mannan oligosaccharide, Lactobacillus plantarum and their combinations on growth performance, immunity and immune related gene expression of Caspian trout, Salmo trutta caspius (Kessler, 1877). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 91:202-208. [PMID: 31085328 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of individual and combination of dietary pre- and probiotics (β-glucan, 3 mg/g; mannan oligosaccharide (MOS), 4 mg/g; and Lactobacillus plantarum; 108 CFU/mg diet) on growth performance, blood immune parameters, expression of immune related genes, and intestinal microbial of Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius). On the basis of feeding with immunostimulant diets, the fish were assigned into eight groups denoted as: control (basal diet), bβ (basal diet + β-glucan), bM (basal diet + MOS), bLp (basal diet + L. plantarum), bβLp (basal diet + β-glucan + L. plantarum), bMLp (basal diet + MOS + L. plantarum), bMβ (basal diet + MOS + β-glucan), and bMβLp (basal diet + MOS + β-glucan + L. plantarum). All of the immunostimulant diets, in general, reduced feed intake (FI) and food conversion ratio (FCR) and increased WG, PER, and final weight. Condition factor (CF) demonstrated the lowest level in the experimental group received bMβLp. Total lipid increased in the fish received the additives, especially bM and bMβ. Ash content demonstrated significant increase in the fish fed on bβ and bMβLp, whereas moisture content was reduced in the group fed with L. plantarum-supplemented diet. All immunostimulant diets enhanced the activity and levels of lysozyme, Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and serum alternative complement activity (ACH50); the highest value for these indices was observed in the groups fed with bMβ, bMβLp, and bβLp. bMβ-treated fish group displayed the highest cortisol and glucose levels. bM diet induced the highest mRNA transcription of TNF-α1 in head kidney, whereas bLp, bMβ, and bMβLp showed no effect. IL1β exhibited the greatest up-regulation, about 8.75 fold change, in response to the diet supplemented only with β-glucan. bβLp and bβ significantly enhanced the relative IL-8 mRNA expression in the head kidney (about 2.75 and 1.9 folds, respectively), yet in response to bMβLp treatment it showed a decrease of about 5.7 times lower than the control group. In addition, intestinal population of L. plantarum showed the highest loads in the groups fed on the diets which were treated with the probiotic. Taken together, combinational use of these immunostimulants enhanced humoral innate immune system, whereas their individual and combinational application could increase and decrease the transcription of inflammation-related genes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Jami
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares, University, Mazandaran, Noor, P.O. Box 64414-356, Iran
| | - Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares, University, Mazandaran, Noor, P.O. Box 64414-356, Iran.
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mohseni
- Cold Water Fishes Research Center (CFRC), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Eduction and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dohezar, Tonekabon, Mazandaran, Iran
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