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van Olst B, Nugroho A, Boeren S, Vervoort J, Bachmann H, Kleerebezem M. Bacterial proteome adaptation during fermentation in dairy environments. Food Microbiol 2024; 121:104514. [PMID: 38637076 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The enzymatic repertoire of starter cultures belonging to the Lactococcus genus determines various important characteristics of fermented dairy products but might change in response to the substantial environmental changes in the manufacturing process. Assessing bacterial proteome adaptation in dairy and other food environments is challenging due to the high matrix-protein concentration and is even further complicated in particularly cheese by the high fat concentrations, the semi-solid state of that matrix, and the non-growing state of the bacteria. Here, we present bacterial harvesting and processing procedures that enable reproducible, high-resolution proteome determination in lactococcal cultures harvested from laboratory media, milk, and miniature Gouda cheese. Comparative proteome analysis of Lactococcus cremoris NCDO712 grown in laboratory medium and milk revealed proteome adaptations that predominantly reflect the differential (micro-)nutrient availability in these two environments. Additionally, the drastic environmental changes during cheese manufacturing only elicited subtle changes in the L. cremoris NCDO712 proteome, including modified expression levels of enzymes involved in flavour formation. The technical advances we describe offer novel opportunities to evaluate bacterial proteomes in relation to their performance in complex, protein- and/or fat-rich food matrices and highlight the potential of steering starter culture performance by preculture condition adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berdien van Olst
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Avis Nugroho
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Microbiology Department, NIZO Food Research, Ede, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herwig Bachmann
- Microbiology Department, NIZO Food Research, Ede, the Netherlands; Systems Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Selvam D, D'silva A, Panchapakesan A, Gohil Y, Singh J, Hanna LE, Ranga U. The expression of HIV-1 tat in Lactococcus lactis. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 217:106443. [PMID: 38360084 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Efficient expression of functional proteins in heterologous hosts has become the pivotal focus of modern biotechnology and biomedical research. To this end, multiple alternatives to E. coli are being explored for recombinant protein expression. L. lactis, being a gram-positive organism, circumvents the need for an endotoxin removal step during protein purification. We report here the optimisation of the expression of HIV-1 Tat, a notoriously difficult protein, in Lactococcus lactis system. We evaluated five different promoters in two different Lactococcus lactis strains and examined the effect of pH, glucose, and induction time on the yield and purity of Tat. Finally, the recombinant Tat was functionally competent in transactivating the HIV-1 promoter in HLM-1 reporter cells. Our work provides a scaffold for future work on the expression of toxic proteins in Lactococcus lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Selvam
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India; National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Anish D'silva
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arun Panchapakesan
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Yuvrajsinh Gohil
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jayendra Singh
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Udaykumar Ranga
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India.
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3
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Xu S, Grochulski P, Tanaka T. Structural basis for the allosteric behaviour and substrate specificity of Lactococcus lactis Prolidase. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2024; 1872:141000. [PMID: 38224826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2024.141000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Prolidase (EC 3.4.13.9) is an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes Xaa-Pro dipeptides into free amino acids. We previously studied kinetic behaviours and solved the crystal structure of wild-type (WT) Lactococcus lactis prolidase (Llprol), showing that this homodimeric enzyme has unique characteristics: allosteric behaviour and substrate inhibition. In this study, we focused on solving the crystal structures of three Llprol mutants (D36S, H38S, and R293S) which behave differently in v-S plots. The D36S and R293S Llprol mutants do not show allosteric behaviour, and the Llprol mutant H38S has allosteric behaviour comparable to the WT enzyme (Hill constant 1.52 and 1.58, respectively). The crystal structures of Llprol variants suggest that the active site of Llprol formed with amino acid residues from both monomers, i.e., located in an interfacial area of dimer. The comparison between the structure models of Llprol indicated that the two monomers in the dimers of Llprol variants have different relative positions among Llprol variants. They showed different interatomic distances between the amino acid residues bridging the two monomers and varied sizes of the solvent-accessible interface areas in each Llprol variant. These observations indicated that Llprol could adapt to different conformational states with distinctive substrate affinities. It is strongly speculated that the domain movements required for productive substrate binding are restrained in allosteric Llprol (WT and H38S). At low substrate concentrations, only one out of the two active sites at the dimer interface could accept substrate; as a result, the asymmetrical activated dimer leads to allosteric behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyi Xu
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Pawel Grochulski
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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4
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Wang H, Ai LZ, Xia YJ, Wang GQ, Xiong ZQ, Song X. Characterization of a Panel of Constitutive Promoters from Lactococcus cremoris for Fine-Tuning Gene Expression. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1365-1372. [PMID: 38518262 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Lactococcus cremoris (homotypic synonym: Lactococcus lactis) is receiving increasing attention as a prominent vehicle for the delivery of live vaccines. This can hardly be achieved without developing tools for the genetic manipulation of L. cremoris, and the paucity of studies on L. cremoris endogenous promoters has attracted our attention. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of 29 candidate promoters identified from L. cremoris subsp. cremoris NZ9000 by RNA sequencing analysis. Furthermore, 18 possible constitutive promoters were obtained by RT-qPCR screening from these 29 candidate promoters. Then, these 18 promoters were cloned and characterized by a reporter gene, gusA, encoding β-glucuronidase. Eventually, eight endogenous constitutive promoters of L. cremoris were obtained, which can be applied to genetic manipulation of lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lian-Zhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yong-Jun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Guang-Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xin Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Gu S, Yu J, Du L, Zhang D, Zhao L, Xie J. Characterization, Semirational Design for pH Robustness, and the Application in Bioactive Peptide Production of a X-Prolyl Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase from Lactococcus lactis MY-3. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:7279-7290. [PMID: 38519413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PepXLcMY-3, an X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase derived from Lactobacillus lactis MY-3, was screened and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme could exhibit about 40% activity within the pH range of 6.0-10. To further improve the pH robustness, site E396 located in the active pocket was discovered through alanine scanning. The mutant E396I displayed both developed activity and kcat/Km. The optimal pH of E396I shifted from 6.0 to 10 compared to WT, with the relative activity within the pH range of 6.0-10 significantly increased. The site K648 was then proposed by semirational design. The activity of mutant E396I/K648D reached 4.03 U/mg. The optimal pH was restored to 6.0, and the pH stability was further improved. E396I/K648D could totally hydrolyze β-casomorphin 7 within 30 min. The hydrolysate showed 64.5% inhibition on angiotensin I converting enzyme, which was more efficient than those produced by E396I and WT, 23.2 and 44.7%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Supervision and Inspection on Food Products and Cosmetics Quality, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
| | - Lei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Daihui Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB), Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Campos GM, Américo MF, Dos Santos Freitas A, Barroso FAL, da Cruz Ferraz Dutra J, Quaresma LS, Cordeiro BF, Laguna JG, de Jesus LCL, Fontes AM, Birbrair A, Santos TM, Azevedo V. Lactococcus lactis as an Interleukin Delivery System for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:352-366. [PMID: 36746838 PMCID: PMC9902259 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Target delivery of therapeutic agents with anti-inflammatory properties using probiotics as delivery and recombinant protein expression vehicles is a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, such as cancer and intestinal immune disorders. Lactococcus lactis, a Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) widely used in the dairy industry, is one of the most important microorganisms with GRAS status for human consumption, for which biotechnological tools have already been developed to express and deliver recombinant biomolecules with anti-inflammatory properties. Cytokines, for example, are immune system communication molecules present at virtually all levels of the immune response. They are essential in cellular and humoral processes, such as hampering inflammation or adjuvating in the adaptive immune response, making them good candidates for therapeutic approaches. This review discusses the advances in the development of new therapies and prophylactic approaches using LAB to deliver/express cytokines for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Munis Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Américo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andria Dos Santos Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Joyce da Cruz Ferraz Dutra
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Silva Quaresma
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Fernandes Cordeiro
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Maria Fontes
- Genetics Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tulio Marcos Santos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Uniclon Biotecnologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Guo L, Stoffels K, Broos J, Kuipers OP. Altering Specificity and Enhancing Stability of the Antimicrobial Peptides Nisin and Rombocin through Dehydrated Amino Acid Residue Engineering. Peptides 2024; 174:171152. [PMID: 38220092 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Nisin serves as the prototype within the lantibiotic group of antimicrobial peptides, exhibiting a broad-spectrum inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria, including important food-borne pathogens and clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant strains. The gene-encoded nature of nisin allows for gene-based bioengineering, enabling the generation of novel derivatives. It has been demonstrated that nisin mutants can be produced with improved functional properties. Here, we particularly focus on the uncommon amino acid residues dehydroalanine (Dha) and dehydrobutyrin (Dhb), whose functions are not yet fully elucidated. Prior to this study, we developed a new expression system that utilizes the nisin modification machinery NisBTC to advance expression, resulting in enhanced peptide dehydration efficiency. Through this approach, we discovered that the dehydrated amino acid Dhb at position 18 in the peptide rombocin, a short variant of nisin, displayed four times higher activity compared to the non-dehydrated peptide against the strain Lactococcus lactis. Furthermore, we observed that in the peptides nisin and rombocin, the dehydrated amino acid Dha at residue positon 18 exhibited superior activity compared to the dehydrated amino acid Dhb. Upon purifying the wild-type nisin and its variant nisinG18/Dha to homogeneity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) indicated that the variant exhibited activity similar to that of wild-type nisin in inhibiting the growth of Bacillus cereus but showed twice the MIC values against the other four tested Gram-positive strains. Further stability tests demonstrated that the dehydrated peptide exhibited properties similar to wild-type nisin under different temperatures but displayed higher resistance to proteolytic enzymes compared to wild-type nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Stoffels
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Broos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
The production of Nisin, an FDA-approved food preservative, was attempted by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ATCC® 11454 using the underutilized milk industry effluent, acid-whey, as a substrate. Nisin production was further improved by studying the effect of supplementation of nutrients and non-nutritional parameters. The addition of yeast extract (6% w/v) as nitrogen source and sucrose (4% w/v) as carbon source were found to be suitable nutrients for the maximum nisin production. The changes in the medium pH due to lactic acid accumulation during batch fermentation and its influence on the production of nisin were analyzed in the optimized whey medium (OWM). The production characteristics in OWM were further compared with the nisin production in MRS media. The influence of nisin as an inducer for its own production was also studied and found that the addition of nisin at 0.22 mg/ml promote the nisin production. The analysis of consumption of various metal ions present in the OWM during the nisin production was also analyzed, and found that the copper ions are the most consumed ion. The highest nisin yield of 2.6 × 105 AU/mL was obtained with OWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Vijayakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishnu G
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prajna Rao Krishnapura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Regupathi Iyyaswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Chen S, Yi J, Kang Q, Song M, Raubenheimer D, Lu J. Identification of a Novel Peptide with Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activating Ability from Ethanol-Induced Lactococcus lactis: A Combined In Silico Prediction and In Vivo Validation. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:5746-5756. [PMID: 38450489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is a crucial rate-limiting enzyme in alcohol metabolism. Our previous research found that ethanol-induced intracellular extracts of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) could enhance alcohol metabolism in mice, but the responsible compounds remain unidentified. The study aimed to screen potential ADH-activating peptides from ethanol-induced L. lactis using virtual screening and molecular docking calculation. Among them, the pentapeptide FAPEG might bind to ADH through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds, then enhancing ADH activity. Spectroscopy analysis further investigated the peptide-enzyme interaction between FAPEG and ADH, including changes in the amino acid residue microenvironment and secondary structural alterations. Furthermore, FAPEG could protect against alcoholic liver injury (ALI) in mice by reducing blood alcohol concentration, enhancing the activity of antioxidant and alcohol metabolism enzymes, and attenuating alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity, which was related to the activation of the Nrf2/keap1/HO-1 signaling pathway. The study provided preliminary evidence that the generation of ADH-activating peptides in ethanol-induced L. lactis has the potential in preventing ALI in mice using in silico prediction and in vivo validation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Physical Education College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mo Song
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
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Jastrząb R, Tomecki R, Jurkiewicz A, Graczyk D, Szczepankowska AK, Mytych J, Wolman D, Siedlecki P. The strain-dependent cytostatic activity of Lactococcus lactis on CRC cell lines is mediated through the release of arginine deiminase. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:82. [PMID: 38481270 PMCID: PMC10938756 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, posing a serious public health challenge that necessitates the development of new therapeutics, therapies, and prevention methods. Among the various therapeutic approaches, interventions involving lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as probiotics and postbiotics have emerged as promising candidates for treating and preventing CRC. While human-isolated LAB strains are considered highly favorable, those sourced from environmental reservoirs such as dairy and fermented foods are also being recognized as potential sources for future therapeutics. RESULTS In this study, we present a novel and therapeutically promising strain, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis Lc4, isolated from dairy sources. Lc4 demonstrated the ability to release the cytostatic agent - arginine deiminase (ADI) - into the post-cultivation supernatant when cultured under conditions mimicking the human gut environment. Released arginine deiminase was able to significantly reduce the growth of HT-29 and HCT116 cells due to the depletion of arginine, which led to decreased levels of c-Myc, reduced phosphorylation of p70-S6 kinase, and cell cycle arrest. The ADI release and cytostatic properties were strain-dependent, as was evident from comparison to other L. lactis ssp. lactis strains. CONCLUSION For the first time, we unveil the anti-proliferative properties of the L. lactis cell-free supernatant (CFS), which are independent of bacteriocins or other small molecules. We demonstrate that ADI, derived from a dairy-Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) strain of L. lactis, exhibits anti-proliferative activity on cell lines with different levels of argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) expression. A unique feature of the Lc4 strain is also its capability to release ADI into the extracellular space. Taken together, we showcase L. lactis ADI and the Lc4 strain as promising, potential therapeutic agents with broad applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Jastrząb
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5A, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
- Olimp Laboratories, Pustynia 84F, Debica, 39-200, Poland
| | - Rafał Tomecki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5A, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, 02-089, Poland
| | - Aneta Jurkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5A, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Damian Graczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5A, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Agnieszka K Szczepankowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5A, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | | | - Damian Wolman
- Olimp Laboratories, Pustynia 84F, Debica, 39-200, Poland
| | - Pawel Siedlecki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5A, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland.
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11
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Zhao S, Solem C. Thiamine-Starved Lactococcus lactis for Producing Food-Grade Pyruvate. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:4858-4868. [PMID: 38377583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a safe lactic acid bacterium widely used in dairy fermentations. Normally, its main fermentation product is lactic acid; however, L. lactis can be persuaded into producing other compounds, e.g., through genetic engineering. Here, we have explored the possibility of rewiring the metabolism of L. lactis into producing pyruvate without using genetic tools. Depriving the thiamine-auxotrophic and lactate dehydrogenase-deficient L. lactis strain RD1M5 of thiamine efficiently shut down two enzymes at the pyruvate branch, the thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHc) and α-acetolactate synthase (ALS). After eliminating the remaining enzyme acting on pyruvate, the highly oxygen-sensitive pyruvate formate lyase (PFL), by simple aeration, the outcome was pyruvate production. Pyruvate could be generated by nongrowing cells and cells growing in a substrate low in thiamine, e.g., Florisil-treated milk. Pyruvate is a precursor for the butter aroma compound diacetyl. Using an α-acetolactate decarboxylase deficient L. lactis strain, pyruvate could be converted to α-acetolactate and diacetyl. Summing up, by starving L. lactis for thiamine, secretion of pyruvate could be attained. The food-grade pyruvate produced has many applications, e.g., as an antioxidant or be used to make butter aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Zhang F, Shi T, Zhang Z, Wang S, Liu J, Li Y, Wang X, Liu K, Guo L. An M cell-targeting recombinant L. lactis vaccine against four H. pylori adhesins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:231. [PMID: 38396242 PMCID: PMC10891252 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The acidic environment and enzyme degradation lead to oral vaccines often having little immune effect. Therefore, it is an attractive strategy to study an effective and safe oral vaccine delivery system that can promote gastrointestinal mucosal immune responses and inhibit antigen degradation. Moreover, the antigens uptake by microfold cells (M cells) is the determining step in initiating efficient immune responses. Therefore, M cell-targeting is one promising approach for enhancing oral vaccine potency. In the present study, an M cell-targeting L. lactis surface display system (plSAM) was built to favor the multivalent epitope vaccine antigen (FAdE) to achieve effective gastrointestinal mucosal immunity against Helicobacter pylori. Therefore, a recombinant Lactococcus lactic acid vaccine (LL-plSAM-FAdE) was successfully prepared, and its immunological properties and protective efficacy were analyzed. The results showed that LL-plSAM-FAdE can secretively express the recombinant proteins SAM-FAdE and display the SAM-FAdE on the bacterial cell surface. More importantly, LL-plSAM-FAdE effectively promoted the phagocytosis and transport of vaccine antigen by M cells in the gastrointestinal tract of mice, and simulated high levels of cellular and humoral immune responses against four key H. pylori adhesins (Urease, CagL, HpaA, and Lpp20) in the gastrointestinal tract, thus enabling effective prevention of H. pylori infection and to some extent eliminating H. pylori already present in the gastrointestinal tract. KEY POINTS: • M-cell-targeting L. lactis surface display system LL- plSAM was designed • This system displays H. pylori vaccine-promoted phagocytosis and transport of M cell • A promising vaccine candidate for controlling H. pylori infection was verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furui Zhang
- School of Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Tianyi Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Special Needs Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shue Wang
- School of Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xuequan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China.
| | - Kunmei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Le Guo
- School of Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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13
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Liu Z, Zhang S, Hu H, Wang H, Qiu Y, Dong M, Wang M, Cui Z, Cui H, Wang Y, He G. Construction of recombinant Lactococcus expressing thymosin and interferon fusion protein and its application as an immune adjuvant. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:40. [PMID: 38321474 PMCID: PMC10845779 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, biosafety and green food safety standards have increased the demand for immune enhancers and adjuvants. In the present study, recombinant food-grade Lactococcus lactis (r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN) expressing thymosin Tα1 and chicken interferon fusion protein was constructed. RESULTS The in vitro interactions with macrophages revealed a mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN could significantly activate both macrophage J774-Dual™ NF-κB and interferon regulator (IRF) signaling pathways. In vitro interactions with chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated that a mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN significantly enhanced the expression levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, CD80, and CD86 proteins in chicken PBMCs. Animal experiments displayed that injecting a lysis mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN could significantly activate the proliferation of T cells and antigen-presenting cells in chicken PBMCs. Moreover, 16S analysis of intestinal microbiota demonstrated that injection of the lysis mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN could significantly improve the structure and composition of chicken intestinal microbiota, with a significant increase in probiotic genera, such as Lactobacillus spp. Results of animal experiments using the lysis mixture of recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN as an immune adjuvant for inactivated chicken Newcastle disease vaccine showed that the serum antibody titers of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the vaccine control group, and the expression levels of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly higher than those of the vaccine control group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that food-safe recombinant r-L. lactis-Tα1-IFN has potential as a vaccine immune booster and immune adjuvant. This study lays the foundation for the development of natural green novel animal immune booster or immune adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Suhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongjiao Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - He Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Mingqi Dong
- Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Muping Wang
- Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Ziyang Cui
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, China.
| | - Gaoming He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
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14
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Huang YC, Khumsupan D, Lin SP, Santoso SP, Hsu HY, Cheng KC. Production of bacterial cellulose (BC)/nisin composite with enhanced antibacterial and mechanical properties through co-cultivation of Komagataeibacter xylinum and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128977. [PMID: 38154722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
By employing co-cultivation technique on Komagataeibacter xylinum and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, bacterial cellulose (BC)/nisin films with improved antibacterial activity and mechanical properties were successfully produced. The findings demonstrated that increased nisin production is associated with an upregulation of gene expression. Furthermore, results from Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) confirmed the integration of nisin within BC. While being biocompatible with human cells, the BC/nisin composites exhibited antimicrobial activity. Moreover, mechanical property analyses showed a noticeable improvement in Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break by 161, 271, and 195 %, respectively. Additionally, the nisin content in fermentation broth was improved by 170 % after co-culture, accompanied by an 8 % increase in pH as well as 10 % decrease in lactate concentration. Real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed an upregulation of 11 nisin-related genes after co-cultivation, with the highest increase in nisA (5.76-fold). To our knowledge, this is the first study which demonstrates that an increase in secondary metabolites after co-culturing is modulated by gene expression. This research offers a cost-effective approach for BC composite production and presents a technique to enhance metabolite concentration through the regulation of relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Darin Khumsupan
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ping Lin
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Sustainable and Zero Waste Industries, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Optometry, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan 41354; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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15
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Guo L, Wambui J, Wang C, Broos J, Stephan R, Kuipers OP. Rombocin, a Short Stable Natural Nisin Variant, Displays Selective Antimicrobial Activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Employs a Dual Mode of Action to Kill Target Bacterial Strains. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:370-383. [PMID: 38194633 PMCID: PMC10804407 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Nisin, with its unique mode of action and potent antimicrobial activity, serves as a remarkable inspiration for the design of novel antibiotics. However, peptides possess inherent weaknesses, particularly their susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, such as by trypsin, which limits their broader applications. This led us to speculate that natural variants of nisin produced by underexplored bacterial species can potentially overcome these limitations. We carried out genome mining of two Romboutsia sedimentorum strains, RC001 and RC002, leading to the discovery of rombocin A, which is a 25 amino acid residue short nisin variant that is predicted to have only four macrocycles compared to the known 31-35 amino acids long nisin variants with five macrocycles. Using the nisin-controlled expression system, we heterologously expressed fully modified and functional rombocin A in Lactococcus lactis and demonstrated its selective antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Rombocin A uses a dual mode of action involving lipid II binding activity and dissipation of the membrane potential to kill target bacteria. Stability tests confirmed its high stability at different pH values, temperatures, and in particular, against enzymatic degradation. With its gene-encoded characteristic, rombocin A is amenable to bioengineering to generate novel derivatives. Further mutation studies led to the identification of rombocin K, a mutant with enhanced bioactivity against L. monocytogenes. Our findings suggest that rombocin A and its bioengineered variant, rombocin K, are promising candidates for development as food preservatives or antibiotics against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Guo
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Wambui
- Institute
for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Broos
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute
for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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16
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Christensen LF, Laforce IN, Wolkers-Rooijackers JCM, Mortensen MS, Smid EJ, Hansen EB. Lactococcus cell envelope proteases enable lactococcal growth in minimal growth media supplemented with high molecular weight proteins of plant and animal origin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae019. [PMID: 38479791 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have evolved into fastidious microorganisms that require amino acids from environmental sources. Some LAB have cell envelope proteases (CEPs) that drive the proteolysis of high molecular weight proteins like casein in milk. CEP activity is typically studied using casein as the predominant substrate, even though CEPs can hydrolyze other protein sources. Plant protein hydrolysis by LAB has rarely been connected to the activity of specific CEPs. This study aims to show the activity of individual CEPs using LAB growth in a minimal growth medium supplemented with high molecular weight casein or potato proteins. Using Lactococcus cremoris MG1363 as isogenic background to express CEPs, we demonstrate that CEP activity is directly related to growth in the protein-supplemented minimal growth media. Proteolysis is analyzed based on the amino acid release, allowing a comparison of CEP activities and analysis of amino acid utilization by L. cremoris MG1363. This approach provides a basis to analyze CEP activity on plant-based protein substrates as casein alternatives and to compare activity of CEP homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Friis Christensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ida Nynne Laforce
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Steen Mortensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eddy J Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Egon Bech Hansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Naghizadeh M, Singh SK, Plieskatt J, Ofori EA, Theisen M. Production and Purification of Plasmodium Circumsporozoite Protein in Lactococcus lactis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2762:109-121. [PMID: 38315362 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3666-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites of which Plasmodium falciparum contributed to an estimated 247 million cases worldwide in 2021 (WHO malaria report 2022). The P. falciparum Circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) covers the surface of the sporozoite which is critical to cell invasion in the human host. PfCSP is the leading pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate and forms the basis of the RTS'S (Mosquirix®) malaria vaccine. However, high-yield production of full-length PfCSP with proper folding has been challenging. Here, we describe expression and purification of full-length PfCSP (containing 4 NVDP and 38 NANP repeats) with proper conformation by a simple three-step procedure in the Lactococcus lactis expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naghizadeh
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susheel K Singh
- Biotherapeutic and Vaccine Research Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jordan Plieskatt
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ebenezer Addo Ofori
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Theisen
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Melkonian C, Zorrilla F, Kjærbølling I, Blasche S, Machado D, Junge M, Sørensen KI, Andersen LT, Patil KR, Zeidan AA. Microbial interactions shape cheese flavour formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8348. [PMID: 38129392 PMCID: PMC10739706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cheese fermentation and flavour formation are the result of complex biochemical reactions driven by the activity of multiple microorganisms. Here, we studied the roles of microbial interactions in flavour formation in a year-long Cheddar cheese making process, using a commercial starter culture containing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus strains. By using an experimental strategy whereby certain strains were left out from the starter culture, we show that S. thermophilus has a crucial role in boosting Lactococcus growth and shaping flavour compound profile. Controlled milk fermentations with systematic exclusion of single Lactococcus strains, combined with genomics, genome-scale metabolic modelling, and metatranscriptomics, indicated that S. thermophilus proteolytic activity relieves nitrogen limitation for Lactococcus and boosts de novo nucleotide biosynthesis. While S. thermophilus had large contribution to the flavour profile, Lactococcus cremoris also played a role by limiting diacetyl and acetoin formation, which otherwise results in an off-flavour when in excess. This off-flavour control could be attributed to the metabolic re-routing of citrate by L. cremoris from diacetyl and acetoin towards α-ketoglutarate. Further, closely related Lactococcus lactis strains exhibited different interaction patterns with S. thermophilus, highlighting the significance of strain specificity in cheese making. Our results highlight the crucial roles of competitive and cooperative microbial interactions in shaping cheese flavour profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrats Melkonian
- Bioinformatics & Modeling, R&D Digital Innovation, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Francisco Zorrilla
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Inge Kjærbølling
- Bioinformatics & Modeling, R&D Digital Innovation, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Sonja Blasche
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Machado
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Mette Junge
- Strain Improvement, R&D Food Microbiology, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Kim Ib Sørensen
- Strain Improvement, R&D Food Microbiology, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Kiran R Patil
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmad A Zeidan
- Bioinformatics & Modeling, R&D Digital Innovation, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
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19
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Giesbers CAP, Fagan J, Parlindungan E, Palussière S, Courtin P, Lugli GA, Ventura M, Kulakauskas S, Chapot-Chartier MP, Mahony J, van Sinderen D. Reduced synthesis of phospho-polysaccharide in Lactococcus as a strategy to evade phage infection. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 407:110415. [PMID: 37774633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcus spp. are applied routinely in dairy fermentations and their consistent growth and associated acidification activity is critical to ensure the quality and safety of fermented dairy foods. Bacteriophages pose a significant threat to such fermentations and thus it is imperative to study how these bacteria may evade their viral predators in the relevant confined settings. Many lactococcal phages are known to specifically recognise and bind to cell wall polysaccharides (CWPSs) and particularly the phospho-polysaccharide (PSP) side chain component that is exposed on the host cell surface. In the present study, we generated derivatives of a lactococcal strain with reduced phage sensitivity to establish the mode of phage evasion. The resulting mutants were characterized using a combination of comparative genome analysis, microbiological and chemical analyses. Using these approaches, it was established that the phage-resistant derivatives incorporated mutations in genes within the cluster associated with CWPS biosynthesis resulting in growth and morphological defects that could revert when the selective pressure of phages was removed. Furthermore, the cell wall extracts of selected mutants revealed that the phage-resistant strains produced intact PSP but in significantly reduced amounts. The reduced availability of the PSP and the ability of lactococcal strains to revert rapidly to wild type growth and activity in the absence of phage pressure provides Lactococcus with the means to survive and evade phage attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conradus A P Giesbers
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Jack Fagan
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Elvina Parlindungan
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Simon Palussière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Pascal Courtin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Gabriele A Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Saulius Kulakauskas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
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20
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Zhao S, Dorau R, Tømmerholt L, Gu L, Tadesse BT, Zhao G, Solem C. Simple & better - Accelerated cheese ripening using a mesophilic starter based on a single strain with superior autolytic properties. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 407:110398. [PMID: 37714070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
In the manufacture of rennet-coagulated cheese, autolysis is a rate-limiting step for ripening. Previously, a highly autolytic and thermotolerant Lactococcus lactis strain, RD07, was generated, which in preliminary laboratory cheese trials demonstrated great potential as a cheese ripening accelerant. RD07 is proteinase positive (Prt+) and capable of metabolizing citrate (Cit+). In this study, we obtained two derivatives of RD07: EC8 lacking the citrate plasmid, and EC2 lacking the proteinase plasmid. EC2 and EC8 retained the autolytic properties of RD07, and autolyzed 20 times faster than Flora Danica (FD) and SD96, where the latter is the parent of RD07. The three strains EC2, EC8 and RD07 were used in a ratio of 90:8:2, to create a simple starter termed ERC. ERC was less sensitive to cooking when cultured in milk and autolyzed well after entering the stationary phase upon facing sugar starvation. The ERC starter was benchmarked against FD and SD96 in laboratory cheese trials. The free amino acid content in cheese prepared using the ERC culture was 31 % and 34 % higher than in cheese prepared using FD and SD96, respectively. Overall, the ERC culture resulted in a more rapid release of free amino acids. A large-scale (5000 L) Gouda cheese trial at a Danish dairy demonstrated that the single strain ERC starter was comparable in performance to FD + an adjunct Lactobacillus helveticus culture. Furthermore, a large-scale Danbo cheese trial demonstrated that ERC could reduce the ripening period by 50 % for long-term ripened (25 weeks) cheese, resulting in better cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robin Dorau
- Novozymes A/S, Biologiens vej 2, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Liuyan Gu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Belay Tilahun Tadesse
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ge Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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21
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Fallah Ziarani M, Tohidfar M, Mirjalili MH. Evaluation of antibacterial properties of nisin peptide expressed in carrots. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22123. [PMID: 38092901 PMCID: PMC10719254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nisin, derived from Lactococcus lactis, is a well-known natural food preservative. In the present study, the gene of nisin was transformed to carrot by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the recombinant binary vector pBI121 containing neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene, peptide signal KDEL, and Kozak sequence. The integration of nisin and nptII transgenes into the plant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot blot analysis. The gene expression was also performed by RT-PCR and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The level of nisin expressed in one gram of transgenic plant ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 μg/ml. The stability of nisin varied in orange and peach juices depending on the temperature on the 70th day. The leaf protein extracted from the transgenic plant showed a significant preservative effect of nisin in peach and orange juice. A complete inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in orange juice was observed within 24 h. After 24 h, log 1 and log 2 were obtained in a peach juice containing Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Results of HPLC indicated that Chlorogenic and Chicoric acid compounds were increased in transgenic plants, but this increase was not significant. The study of determining the genetic stability of transgenic plants in comparison with non-transgenic plants showed high genetic stability between non-transgenic plants and transgenic plants. This study confirmed the significant inhibitory effect of nisin protein on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Fallah Ziarani
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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Chen C, Huang Z, Ge C, Yu H, Yuan H, Tian H. Regulation of the pleiotropic transcriptional regulator CodY on the conversion of branched-chain amino acids into branched-chain aldehydes in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0149323. [PMID: 37943058 PMCID: PMC10686057 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01493-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Branched-chain aldehydes are the primary compounds that contribute to the nutty flavor in cheddar cheese. Lactococcus lactis, which is often applied as primary starter culture, is a significant contributor to the nutty flavor of cheddar cheese due to its ability of conversion of BCAAs into branched-chain aldehydes. In the present study, we found that the regulatory role of CodY is crucial for the conversion. CodY acts as a pleiotropic transcriptional regulator via binding to various regulatory regions of key genes. The results presented valuable knowledge into the role of CodY on the regulation and biosynthetic pathway of branched-chain amino acids and the related aldehydes. Furthermore, it provided new insight for increasing the nutty flavor produced during the manufacture and ripening of cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Huang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Ge
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Yuan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaixiang Tian
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
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Plavec TV, Klemenčič K, Kuchař M, Malý P, Berlec A. Secretion and surface display of binders of IL-23/IL-17 cytokines and their receptors in Lactococcus lactis as a therapeutic approach against inflammation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106568. [PMID: 37619953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine IL-23 activates the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) and stimulates the differentiation of naïve T helper (Th) cells into a Th17 cell population that secretes inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This IL-23/Th17 proinflammatory axis drives inflammation in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and represents a therapeutic target of monoclonal antibodies. Non-immunoglobulin binding proteins based on the Streptococcus albumin-binding domain (ABD) provide a small protein alternative to monoclonal antibodies. They can be readily expressed in bacteria. Lactococcus lactis is a safe lactic acid bacterium that has previously been engineered as a vector for the delivery of recombinant therapeutic proteins to mucosal surfaces. Here, L. lactis was engineered to display or secrete ABD-variants against the IL-17 receptor (IL-17R). Its expression and functionality were confirmed with flow cytometry using specific antibody and recombinant IL-17R, respectively. In addition, L. lactis were engineered into multifunctional bacteria that simultaneously express two binders from pNBBX plasmid. First, binders of IL-17R were combined with binder of IL-17. Second, binders of IL-23R were combined with binders of IL-23. The dual functionality of the bacteria was confirmed by flow cytometry using corresponding targets, namely the recombinant receptors IL-17R and IL-23R or the p19 subunit of IL-23. Binding of IL-17 was confirmed by ELISA. With the latter, 97% of IL-17 was removed from solution by 2 × 109 recombinant bacteria. Moreover, multifunctional bacteria targeting IL-17/IL-17R prevented IL-17A-mediated activation of downstream signaling pathways in HEK-Blue IL-17 cell model. Thus, we have developed several multifunctional L. lactis capable of targeting multiple factors of the IL-23/Th17 proinflammatory axis. This represents a novel therapeutic strategy with synergistic potential for the treatment of intestinal inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vida Plavec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Kaja Klemenčič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Milan Kuchař
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, v. v. i., Průmyslová 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, v. v. i., Průmyslová 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Berlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
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Gomes P, Laroute V, Beaufrand C, Daveran-Mingot ML, Aubry N, Liebgott C, Ballet N, Legrain-Raspaud S, Theodorou V, Mercier-Bonin M, Cocaign-Bousquet M, Eutamene H. Lactococcus lactis CNCM I-5388 versus NCDO2118 by its GABA hyperproduction ability, counteracts faster stress-induced intestinal hypersensitivity in rats. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23264. [PMID: 37850915 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301588r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by its main symptom, visceral hypersensitivity (VH), which is aggravated by stress. Gut-brain interactions and gut bacteria may alleviate IBS symptoms, including VH. γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), produced notably by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), shows promising result in IBS symptoms treatment. In bacteria, GABA is generated through glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) metabolism of L-glutamic acid, maintaining intracellular pH. In mammals, GABA acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, modulating pain, stress, and anxiety. Therefore, utilizing GABA-producing LAB as a therapeutic approach might be beneficial. Our previous work showed that a GABA-producing Lactococcus lactis strain, NCDO2118, reduced VH induced by acute stress in rats after a 10-day oral treatment. Here, we identified the strain CNCM I-5388, with a four-fold higher GABA production rate under the same conditions as NCDO2118. Both strains shared 99.1% identical GAD amino acid sequences and in vitro analyses revealed the same optimal pH for GAD activity; however, CNCM I-5388 exhibited 17 times higher intracellular GAD activity and increased resistance to acidic pH. Additionally, in vivo experiments have demonstrated that CNCM I-5388 has faster anti-VH properties in rats compared with NCDO2118, starting from the fifth day of treatment. Finally, CNCM I-5388 anti-VH effects partially persisted after 5-day treatment interruption and after a single oral treatment. These findings highlight CNCM I-5388 as a potential therapeutic agent for managing VH in IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gomes
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Laroute
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Beaufrand
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Aubry
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Chloé Liebgott
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Vassilia Theodorou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Eutamene
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Zhao G, Zhao S, Hagner Nielsen L, Zhou F, Gu L, Tilahun Tadesse B, Solem C. Transforming acid whey into a resource by selective removal of lactic acid and galactose using optimized food-grade microorganisms. Bioresour Technol 2023; 387:129594. [PMID: 37532060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of lactic acid and galactose makes spray drying of acid whey (AW) a significant challenge for the dairy industry. In this study, a novel approach is explored to remove these compounds, utilizing food-grade microorganisms. For removing lactic acid, Corynebacterium glutamicum was selected, which has an inherent ability to metabolize lactic acid but does so slowly. To accelerate lactic acid metabolism, a mutant strain G6006 was isolated through adaptive laboratory evolution, which metabolized all lactic acid from AW two times faster than its parent strain. To eliminate galactose, a lactose-negative mutant of Lactococcus lactis that cannot produce lactate was generated. This strain was then co-cultured with G6006 to maximize the removal of both lactic acid and galactose. The microbially "filtered" AW could readily be spray dried into a stable lactose powder. This study highlights the potential of utilizing food-grade microorganisms to process AW, which currently constitutes a global challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shuangqing Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line Hagner Nielsen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fa Zhou
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Liuyan Gu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Belay Tilahun Tadesse
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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26
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Niño-Arias FC, Alves VF, Pereira MG, De Martinis ECP. Gene expression and cell culture assays reveal cheese isolate Lactococcus lactis MC5 may influence the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2027-2034. [PMID: 37171534 PMCID: PMC10484841 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) can thrive in a wide variety of hosts and environments, causing clinical infections and foodborne intoxications. In Brazil, SA is commonly isolated from traditional soft cheeses, especially those prepared from unpasteurized milk. In this research, the isolate S. aureus SABRC1 was evaluated for virulence traits under different conditions, including co-inoculation with Lactococcus lactis MC5 (isolated from "Fresh Minas Cheese"), which produces antibacterial peptides. Results from experiments with Caco-2 culture indicated S. aureus SABRC1 was able to adhere (42.83 ± 1.79%) and to invade (48.57 ± 0.41%) the intestinal cells. On the other hand, L. lactis MC5 presented anti-staphylococcal activity as indicated by agar assays, and it was also able to antagonize intestinal cell invasion by S. aureus. Moreover, Reverse Transcriptase-PCR experiments showed virulence genes of S. aureus SABRC1 (hla, icaA and sea) were differentially expressed under diverse culture conditions, which included Brain Heart Infusion modified or not by the addition of glucose, sodium chloride, milk or cheese. This suggests the virulence of S. aureus SABRC1 is influenced by compounds commonly found in daily diets, and not only by its genetic repertoire, adding a novel level of complexity for controlling infection by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Camilo Niño-Arias
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Virgínia Farias Alves
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240 Esquina Com a 5ª Avenida, S/N, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia/GO, CEP: 74605-170, Brazil.
| | - Marita Gimenez Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP-USP), Brazil
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Lee JY, Jeong, Park Y, Jeong Y, Chang, Kang H. Anti-Inflammatory Response in TNFα/IFNγ-Induced HaCaT Keratinocytes and Probiotic Properties of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4644, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG4693, and Lactococcus lactis MG5474. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1039-1049. [PMID: 37280776 PMCID: PMC10468673 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2301.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by immune dysregulation. Meanwhile, the supernatant of lactic acid bacteria (SL) was recently reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) are widely used for studying AD-like responses. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SL from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT keratinocytes, and then we investigated the strains' probiotic properties. SL was noncytotoxic and regulated chemokines (macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)) and cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-25, and IL-33) in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT keratinocytes. SL from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4644, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG4693, and Lactococcus lactis MG5474 decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Furthermore, the safety of the three strains was demonstrated via hemolysis, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, and toxicity tests, and the stability was confirmed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Therefore, L. rhamnosus MG4644, L. paracasei MG4693, and Lc. lactis MG5474 have potential applications in functional food as they are stable and safe for intestinal epithelial cells and could improve atopic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lee
- Mediogen Co., Ltd., Jecheon 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong
- Mediogen Co., Ltd., Jecheon 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Park
- Mediogen Co., Ltd., Jecheon 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yulah Jeong
- Mediogen Co., Ltd., Jecheon 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang
- Mediogen Co., Ltd., Jecheon 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kang
- Mediogen Co., Ltd., Jecheon 27159, Republic of Korea
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28
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Hawrysh PJ, Gao J, Tan S, Oh A, Nodwell J, Tompkins TA, McQuibban GA. PRKN/parkin-mediated mitophagy is induced by the probiotics Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactococcus lactis. Autophagy 2023; 19:2094-2110. [PMID: 36708254 PMCID: PMC10283409 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2172873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment is a hallmark feature of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson disease, and PRKN/parkin-mediated mitophagy serves to remove unhealthy mitochondria from cells. Notably, probiotics are used to alleviate several symptoms of Parkinson disease including impaired locomotion and neurodegeneration in preclinical studies and constipation in clinical trials. There is some evidence to suggest that probiotics can modulate mitochondrial quality control pathways. In this study, we screened 49 probiotic strains and tested distinct stages of mitophagy to determine whether probiotic treatment could upregulate mitophagy in cells undergoing mitochondrial stress. We found two probiotics, Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactococcus lactis, that upregulated mitochondrial PRKN recruitment, phospho-ubiquitination, and MFN degradation in our cellular assays. Administration of these strains to Drosophila that were exposed to paraquat, a mitochondrial toxin, resulted in improved longevity and motor function. Further, we directly observed increased lysosomal degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria in the treated Drosophila brains. These effects were replicated in vitro and in vivo with supra-physiological concentrations of exogenous soluble factors that are released by probiotics in cultures grown under laboratory conditions. We identified methyl-isoquinoline-6-carboxylate as one candidate molecule, which upregulates mitochondrial PRKN recruitment, phospho-ubiquitination, MFN degradation, and lysosomal degradation of damaged mitochondria. Addition of methyl-isoquinoline-6-carboxylate to the fly food restored motor function to paraquat-treated Drosophila. These data suggest a novel mechanism that is facilitated by probiotics to stimulate mitophagy through a PRKN-dependent pathway, which could explain the potential therapeutic benefit of probiotic administration to patients with Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinghua Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Nodwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Guo L, Wang C, Broos J, Kuipers OP. Lipidated variants of the antimicrobial peptide nisin produced via incorporation of methionine analogs for click chemistry show improved bioactivity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104845. [PMID: 37209826 PMCID: PMC10404616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance calls for accelerated molecular engineering strategies to diversify natural products for drug discovery. The incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) is an elegant strategy for this purpose, offering a diverse pool of building blocks to introduce desired properties into antimicrobial lanthipeptides. We here report an expression system using Lactococcus lactis as a host for non-canonical amino acid incorporation with high efficiency and yield. We show that incorporating the more hydrophobic analog ethionine (instead of methionine) into nisin improves its bioactivity against several Gram-positive strains we tested. New-to-nature variants were further created by click chemistry. By azidohomoalanine (Aha) incorporation and subsequent click chemistry, we obtained lipidated variants at different positions in nisin or in truncated nisin variants. Some of them show improved bioactivity and specificity against several pathogenic bacterial strains. These results highlight the ability of this methodology for lanthipeptide multi-site lipidation, to create new-to-nature antimicrobial products with diverse features, and extend the toolbox for (lanthi)peptide drug improvement and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Broos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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30
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Guérin H, Quénée P, Palussière S, Courtin P, André G, Péchoux C, Costache V, Mahony J, van Sinderen D, Kulakauskas S, Chapot-Chartier MP. PBP2b Mutations Improve the Growth of Phage-Resistant Lactococcus cremoris Lacking Polysaccharide Pellicle. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0210322. [PMID: 37222606 PMCID: PMC10304956 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02103-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus cremoris are Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria widely used as starter in milk fermentations. Lactococcal cells are covered with a polysaccharide pellicle (PSP) that was previously shown to act as the receptor for numerous bacteriophages of the Caudoviricetes class. Thus, mutant strains lacking PSP are phage resistant. However, because PSP is a key cell wall component, PSP-negative mutants exhibit dramatic alterations of cell shape and severe growth defects, which limit their technological value. In the present study, we isolated spontaneous mutants with improved growth, from L. cremoris PSP-negative mutants. These mutants grow at rates similar to the wild-type strain, and based on transmission electron microscopy analysis, they exhibit improved cell morphology compared to their parental PSP-negative mutants. In addition, the selected mutants maintain their phage resistance. Whole-genome sequencing of several such mutants showed that they carried a mutation in pbp2b, a gene encoding a penicillin-binding protein involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Our results indicate that lowering or turning off PBP2b activity suppresses the requirement for PSP and ameliorates substantially bacterial fitness and morphology. IMPORTANCE Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus cremoris are widely used in the dairy industry as a starter culture. As such, they are consistently challenged by bacteriophage infections which may result in reduced or failed milk acidification with associated economic losses. Bacteriophage infection starts with the recognition of a receptor at the cell surface, which was shown to be a cell wall polysaccharide (the polysaccharide pellicle [PSP]) for the majority of lactococcal phages. Lactococcal mutants devoid of PSP exhibit phage resistance but also reduced fitness, since their morphology and division are severely impaired. Here, we isolated spontaneous, food-grade non-PSP-producing L. cremoris mutants resistant to bacteriophage infection with a restored fitness. This study provides an approach to isolate non-GMO phage-resistant L. cremoris and L. lactis strains, which can be applied to strains with technological functionalities. Also, our results highlight for the first time the link between peptidoglycan and cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Guérin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pascal Quénée
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Simon Palussière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pascal Courtin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gwenaëlle André
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- MIMA2 Imaging Core Facility, Microscopie et Imagerie des Microorganismes, Animaux et Aliments, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vlad Costache
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- MIMA2 Imaging Core Facility, Microscopie et Imagerie des Microorganismes, Animaux et Aliments, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Saulius Kulakauskas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Markakiou S, Neves AR, Zeidan AA, Gaspar P. Development of a Tetracycline-Inducible System for Conditional Gene Expression in Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0066823. [PMID: 37191512 PMCID: PMC10269922 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00668-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible gene expression systems are invaluable tools for the functional characterization of genes and in the construction of protein overexpression hosts. Controllable expression is especially important for the study of essential and toxic genes or genes where the level of expression tightly influences their cellular effect. Here, we implemented the well-characterized tetracycline-inducible expression system in two industrially important lactic acid bacteria, Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus. Using a fluorescent reporter gene, we show that optimization of the repression level is necessary for efficient induction using anhydrotetracycline in both organisms. Random mutagenesis in the ribosome binding site of the tetracycline repressor TetR in Lactococcus lactis indicated that altering the expression levels of TetR was necessary for efficient inducible expression of the reporter gene. Through this approach, we achieved plasmid-based, inducer-responsive, and tight gene expression in Lactococcus lactis. We then verified the functionality of the optimized inducible expression system in Streptococcus thermophilus following its chromosomal integration using a markerless mutagenesis approach and a novel DNA fragment assembly tool presented herein. This inducible expression system holds several advantages over other described systems in lactic acid bacteria, although more efficient techniques for genetic engineering are still needed to realize these advantages in industrially relevant species, such as S. thermophilus. Our work expands the molecular toolbox of these bacteria, which can accelerate future physiological studies. IMPORTANCE Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus are two industrially important lactic acid bacteria globally used in dairy fermentations and, therefore, are of considerable commercial interest to the food industry. Moreover, due to their general history of safe usage, these microorganisms are increasingly being explored as hosts for the production of heterologous proteins and various chemicals. Development of molecular tools in the form of inducible expression systems and mutagenesis techniques facilitates their in-depth physiological characterization as well as their exploitation in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Markakiou
- R&D Department, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Paula Gaspar
- R&D Department, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
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Field D, Fernandez de Ullivarri M, Ross RP, Hill C. After a century of nisin research - where are we now? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad023. [PMID: 37300874 PMCID: PMC10257480 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is almost a century since nisin was discovered in fermented milk cultures, coincidentally in the same year that penicillin was first described. Over the last 100 years this small, highly modified pentacyclic peptide has not only found success in the food industry as a preservative but has also served as the paradigm for our understanding of the genetic organization, expression, and regulation of genes involved in lantibiotic biosynthesis-one of the few cases of extensive post-translation modification in prokaryotes. Recent developments in understanding the complex biosynthesis of nisin have shed light on the cellular location of the modification and transport machinery and the co-ordinated series of spatio-temporal events required to produce active nisin and provide resistance and immunity. The continued unearthing of new natural variants from within human and animal gastrointestinal tracts has sparked interest in the potential application of nisin to influence the microbiome, given the growing recognition of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in health and disease. Moreover, interdisciplinary approaches have taken advantage of biotechnological advancements to bioengineer nisin to produce novel variants and expand nisin functionality for applications in the biomedical field. This review will discuss the latest progress in these aspects of nisin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | | | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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Byanju B, Sen S, Mansell T, Lamsal BP. Evaluation of corn steep liquor as fermentation media for recombinant Lactococcus lactis producing antifreeze proteins. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:2512-2521. [PMID: 36661481 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corn processing byproducts corn steep liquor (CSL), and thin stillage were evaluated as growth media for recombinant Lactococcus lactis modified to produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that could have important food and non-food applications. The AFP III sequence from ocean pout was cloned into a shuttle vector to make an expression vector that facilitated the production of recombinant AFP III in Lactococcus lactis. Light CSL from yellow dent corn and thin stillage from the industrial corn bioethanol process were optimized as fermentation media with a combination of the following additives and trace elements: disodium-β-glycerophosphate (DG), tryptone (T), ascorbic acid (AA), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg). The growth of wild-type and recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains were compared over a 72 h period in 96-well plates and 250 mL shake flasks. RESULTS The corn coproducts media consisting of 50% (v/v) light steep in water supplemented with DG-5 g L-1 , T-5 g L-1 , AA-0.5 g L-1 , and Zn-4 ppm resulted in best growth and was considered as the best-optimized media. The addition of additives and trace elements better supported the growth of both wild-type and recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains compared to control media without any additives. Respective fermentation supernatants were frozen to -20 °C, and the time to supercool and freeze was compared. A distinct supercooling effect was observed for the supernatants from recombinant strains thus, extending the time and temperature of supercooling and freezing. The maximum time of supercooling extended was 17.55 ± 4.45 min for thin stillage followed by M17 media (17.25 ± 4.45 min), Kent Corporation CSL (10.80 ± 2.12 min), and yellow dent CSL (6.9 ± 0.85 min) when fermented with recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains. CONCLUSION The supplemented corn coproduct-based media enhanced the growth of both wild-type and recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains. These optimized media can replace or supplement more expensive media (e.g. M17), potentially reducing cost. The fermentation supernatants exhibited longer times to supercool, and freeze compared to control supernatants, indicating potential use as antifreeze compounds in frozen food and non-food applications. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Byanju
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Swastik Sen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Thomas Mansell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Buddhi P Lamsal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Li R, Duan J, Zhou Y, Wang J. Structural Basis of the Mechanisms of Action and Immunity of Lactococcin A, a Class IId Bacteriocin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0006623. [PMID: 36840592 PMCID: PMC10056949 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00066-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcin A (LcnA), a class IId bacteriocin, induces membrane leakage and cell death by specifically binding to the membrane receptor-mannose phosphotransferase system (man-PTS), as is the case for pediocin-like (class IIa) bacteriocins. The cognate immunity protein of bacteriocins, which protects the producer cell from its own bacteriocin, recognizes and binds to the bacteriocin-man-PTS complex, consequently blocking membrane leakage. We previously deciphered the mode of action and immunity of class IIa bacteriocins. Here, we determined the structure of the ternary complex of LcnA, LciA (i.e., the immunity protein), and its receptor, i.e., the man-PTS of Lactococcus lactis (ll-man-PTS). An external loop on the membrane-located component IIC of ll-man-PTS was found to prevent specific binding of the N-terminal region of LcnA to the site recognized by pediocin-like bacteriocins. Thus, the N-terminal β-sheet region of LcnA recognized an adjacent site on the extracellular side of ll-man-PTS, with the LcnA C-terminal hydrophobic helix penetrating into the membrane. The cytoplasmic cleft formed within the man-PTS Core and Vmotif domains induced by embedded LcnA from the periplasmic side is adopted by the appropriate angle between helices H3 and H4 of the N terminus of LciA. The flexible C terminus of LciA then blocks membrane leakage. To summarize, our findings reveal the molecular mechanisms of action and immunity of LcnA and LciA, laying a foundation for further design of class IId bacteriocins. IMPORTANCE Class IId (lactococcin-like) bacteriocins and class IIa (pediocin-like) bacteriocins share a few similarities: (i) both induce membrane leakage and cell death by specifically binding the mannose phosphotransferase system (man-PTS) on their target cells, and (ii) cognate immunity proteins recognize and bind to the bacteriocin-man-PTS complex to block membrane leakage. However, class IId bacteriocins lack the "pediocin box" motif, which is typical of class IIa bacteriocins, and basically target only lactococcal cells; in contrast, class IIa bacteriocins target diverse bacterial cells, but not lactococcal cells. We previously solved the structure of class IIa bacteriocin-receptor-immunity ternary complex from Lactobacillus sakei. Here, we determined the structure of the ternary complex of class IId bacteriocin LcnA, its cognate immunity protein LciA, and its receptor, the man-PTS of Lactococcus lactis. By comparing the interactions between man-PTS and class IIa and class IId bacteriocins, this study affords some clues to better understand the specificity of bacteriocins targeting the mannose phosphotransferase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Independent Researcher, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Mahmoudi M, Khomeiri M, Saeidi M, Davoodi H, Memarian A. Anticancer potential of fermented milk with autochthonous lactic acid bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:7060385. [PMID: 36857295 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fermented milk supernatants of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus helveticus KMCH1 (ON561781), Lactococcus lactis KMCM3 (ON561782), and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KMJC4 (ON615217), on human colon cancer (HT-29) and normal mouse fibroblast (L929) cells in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteolytic activity, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide test, evaluation of apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest by flow cytometry were the assays performed in this study. The measurement of proteolytic activity of three types of fermented milk supernatant using an orthophthalaldehyde reagent showed that the fermented milk supernatant of L. helveticus KMCH1 included the highest proteolysis. Three types of fermented milk supernatant showed anticancer effects on HT-29 cell in a time- and concentration-based manner (at a concentration of 16 mg ml-1 for 72 h of incubation), while the effect of three types of supernatant on inhibition of L929 cell was 3%-10%. Besides, three types of supernatant inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the S phase. CONCLUSIONS Autochthonous lactic acid bacteria strains were able to produce bioactive peptides with anticancer effects in fermented milk. Inhibition of HT-29 cell proliferation was dependent on peptide concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Mahmoudi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4918943464, Iran
| | - Morteza Khomeiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4918943464, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran
| | - Homa Davoodi
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran
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Kong LH, Liu TY, Yao QS, Zhang XH, Xu WN, Qin JY. Enhancing the biosynthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide in Lactococcus lactis by heterologous expression of FtnadE. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:450-456. [PMID: 36205212 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, plays an important in anti-aging and disease. Lactococcus lactis, an important probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has shown great potential for the biosynthesis of NMN, which will significantly affect the probiotic effects of the dairy products. RESULTS We used the CRISPR/nCas9 technique to knockout nadR gene of L. lactis NZ9000 to enhance the accumulation of NMN by 61%. The nadE* gene from Francisella tularensis with codon optimization was heterologous in L. lactis NZ9000ΔnadR and has a positive effect on NMN production. Combined with optimization of the concentration of substrate nicotinamide, a final intracellular NMN titer was 2289 μmol L-1 mg-1 with 10 g L-1 nicotinamide supplement, which was 5.7-fold higher than that of the control. The transcription levels of key genes (pncA, nadD and prs1) involved in NMN biosynthesis were up-regulated by more than two-fold, indicating that the increase of NMN titer was attributed to FtnadE* heterologous expression. CONCLUSION Our study provides a better understanding of the NMN biosynthesis pathway in L. lactis, and can facilitate NMN production in LAB via synthetic biology approaches. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hui Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tai-Yu Liu
- Shanghai BEIONMED Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Shou Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Na Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jia-Yang Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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Kosiorek K, Koryszewska-Bagińska A, Skoneczny M, Stasiak-Różańska L, Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk T. The Presence of Plasmids in Lactococcus lactis IL594 Determines Changes in the Host Phenotype and Expression of Chromosomal Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010793. [PMID: 36614234 PMCID: PMC9821262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The L. lactis IL594 strain contains seven plasmids (pIL1 to pIL7) and is the parental strain of the plasmid-free L. lactis IL1403, one of the most studied lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain. The genetic sequences of pIL1 to pIL7 plasmids have been recently described, however the knowledge of global changes in host phenotype and transcriptome remains poor. In the present study, global phenotypic analyses were combined with transcriptomic studies to evaluate a potential influence of plasmidic genes on overall gene expression in industrially important L. lactis strains. High-throughput screening of phenotypes differences revealed pronounced phenotypic differences in favor of IL594 during the metabolism of some C-sources, including lactose and β-glucosides. A plasmids-bearing strain presented increased resistance to unfavorable growth conditions, including the presence of heavy metal ions and antimicrobial compounds. Global comparative transcriptomic study of L. lactis strains revealed variation in the expression of over 370 of chromosomal genes caused by plasmids presence. The general trend presented upregulated energy metabolism and biosynthetic genes, differentially expressed regulators, prophages and cell resistance proteins. Our findings suggest that plasmids maintenance leads to significant perturbation in global gene regulation that provides change in central metabolic pathways and adaptive properties of the IL594 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kosiorek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biosciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Skoneczny
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biosciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Stasiak-Różańska
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Sviridenko GM, Vakhrusheva DS, Sviridenko YY, Mordvinova VA, Delitskaya IN. [Low-fat cheese in the focus of dietary nutrition]. Vopr Pitan 2022; 91:105-115. [PMID: 36394934 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2022-91-5-105-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, products with a reduced content of saturated fatty acids and a high protein content occupy an important place in the structure of a balanced diet, which leads to an increasing demand for cheeses with a low content of milk fat and high organoleptic properties. As a result of the growing trend towards the consumption of products with a reduced calorie content, there is a scientific interest in the development of technologies for low-fat cheeses with high consumer characteristics that are not inferior to analogues with a fat content of 45-50%. However, low-fat cheeses produced using existing technologies, as a rule, are characterized by low organoleptic properties, including an unexpressed taste and aroma and a rough, rubbery texture. The purpose of the research was to develop a low-fat cheese with high organoleptic characteristics, produced using not only the main acid-forming microflora, but also adjunct bacterial cultures that enhance enzymatic processes during cheese ripening and have probiotic properties. Material and methods. The production of low-fat cheeses (options 2 and 3) with a fat mass fraction of 20% in terms of dry matter was carried out according to a single technological scheme, which ensures the manufacture of cheese after pressing with a mass fraction of moisture of 53-54%. As a control option (1), Dutch cheese was produced with a fat mass fraction of 45%. Bulk starter containing a mixture of lactococci of the Lactococcus lactis species was used as the main acid-forming starter microflora in all cheese options (1, 2, 3); in low-fat cheese option 3, adjunct cultures of Lactobacillus casei and Propionibacterium freudenreichii were added. During ripening, cheeses were subjected to microbiological (total quantity of viable cells of lactic acid microorganisms, Lactobacillus casei and Propionibacterium freudenreichii), physicochemical (mass fraction of lactose, fat, moisture, solids, protein) and organoleptic studies. The total quantity of viable cells of the mesophilic lactic acid microflora was determined by the quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. In cheeses after the end of the ripening process, the molecular mass distribution of soluble nitrogenous compounds and the content of flavoring substances in the vapor phase were additionally evaluated. Results. It has been established that in low-fat cheeses, the mass fraction of protein increases by 5.9±0.1% with a decrease in the proportion of fat to 20.0%. In this regard, the calorie content of low-fat cheese reduced by a third. It has been demonstrated that differences in the composition of the starter microflora had a significant impact on the depth and direction of biochemical processes, the formation of flavoring substances, which lead to an improvement in the organoleptic characteristics of cheeses. Conclusion. The addition of adjunct cultures of Lactobacillus casei mesophilic rods and Propionibacterium freudenreichii propionic acid bacteria, together with technological methods, contributes to the formation of a pronounced cheese taste and aroma, improves the flavor profile and deepens the process of proteolysis in cheeses with a fat mass fraction of 20% and brings their consumer properties closer to those of cheese with a fat content of 45%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Sviridenko
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking - Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 152613, Uglich, Russian Federation
| | - D S Vakhrusheva
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking - Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 152613, Uglich, Russian Federation
| | - Yu Ya Sviridenko
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking - Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 152613, Uglich, Russian Federation
| | - V A Mordvinova
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking - Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 152613, Uglich, Russian Federation
| | - I N Delitskaya
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking - Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 152613, Uglich, Russian Federation
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Ercan O, den Besten HMW, Smid EJ, Kleerebezem M. The growth-survival trade-off is hard-wired in the Lactococcus lactis gene regulation network. Environ Microbiol Rep 2022; 14:632-636. [PMID: 35445553 PMCID: PMC9544163 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most microbes reside in oligotrophic environments for extended periods of time, requiring survival strategies that maintain proliferative capacity. We demonstrate that the non-spore-forming Lactococcus lactis KF147 progressively activates the expression of stress-associated functions in response to the declining growth rate elicited by prolonged retentostat cultivation, which coincides with up to 104 -fold increased stress tolerance. Our findings provide a quantified view of the transcription and stress-tolerance adaptations underlying the growth-survival trade-off in L. lactis, and exemplify the hard-wiring of this trade-off in the lactococcal gene regulation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ercan
- TiFN, Agro Business Park 82Wageningen6708 PWThe Netherlands
- NIZO Food Research, P.O. Box 20Ede6710 BAThe Netherlands
| | - Heidy M. W. den Besten
- Laboratory of Food MicrobiologyWageningen University, P.O. Box 17Wageningen6700 AAThe Netherlands
| | - Eddy J. Smid
- TiFN, Agro Business Park 82Wageningen6708 PWThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food MicrobiologyWageningen University, P.O. Box 17Wageningen6700 AAThe Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- TiFN, Agro Business Park 82Wageningen6708 PWThe Netherlands
- NIZO Food Research, P.O. Box 20Ede6710 BAThe Netherlands
- Host Microbe InteractomicsWageningen University, P.O. Box 338Wageningen6700 AHThe Netherlands
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Couderc C, Laroute V, Coddeville M, Caillaud MA, Jard G, Raynaud C, Cocaign-Bousquet M, Tormo H, Daveran-Mingot ML. Harnessing diversity of Lactococcus lactis from raw goat milk: Design of an indigenous starter for the production of Rocamadour, a French PDO cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 379:109837. [PMID: 35872491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four strains of Lactococcus lactis isolated from raw goat milk collected in the Rocamadour PDO area were analysed by MLST typing and phenotypic characterisation. The strains were combined to design an indigenous starter for the production of Rocamadour PDO cheese. The strains were divided into three classes based on their technological properties: acidifying and proteolytic strains in class I (12/24 strains), slightly acidifying and non-proteolytic strains in class II (2/24 strains), and non-acidifying and non-proteolytic strains in class III (10/24 strains). Interestingly, all but three strains (21/24) produced diacetyl/acetoin despite not having citrate metabolism genes, as would classically be expected for the production of these aroma compounds. Three strains (EIP07A, EIP13D, and EIP20B) were selected for the indigenous starter based on the following inclusion/exclusion criteria: (i) no negative interactions between included strains, (ii) ability to metabolize lactose and at least one strain with the prtP gene and/or capable of producing diacetyl/acetoin, and (iii) selected strains derived from different farms to maximise genetic and phenotypic diversity. Despite consisting exclusively of L. lactis strains, the designed indigenous starter allowed reproducible cheese production with performances similar to those obtained with an industrial starter and with the sensory qualities expected of Rocamadour PDO cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Couderc
- Université de Toulouse, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan, INPT, Toulouse, France.
| | - Valérie Laroute
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Gwenaelle Jard
- Université de Toulouse, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan, INPT, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Raynaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France; Centre d'Application et de traitement des Agroressources (CATAR), INP-ENSIACET, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hélène Tormo
- Université de Toulouse, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan, INPT, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Line Daveran-Mingot
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Li P, Xu Y, Cao Y, Ding Z. Polypeptides Isolated from Lactococcus lactis Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation in Ctenopharyngodon idella. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126733. [PMID: 35743169 PMCID: PMC9224536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Lactococcus lactis BL52 and isolate active substances responsible for anti-inflammatory activity. Head-kidney (HK) macrophages were used for in vitro bioassay-guided isolation, and the structure of the two peptides was identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in Ctenopharyngodon idella were also examined to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of active substances. Two active peptides were isolated by HPLC from L. lactis BL52, and an in vitro anti-inflammatory assay demonstrated that peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2 dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and inflammatory factors NO and PGE 2 production in macrophages (p < 0.05). After being treated with 20 mg/Kg peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NO, and PGE 2 were significantly inhibited (p < 0.05). Results from the in vivo test showed that when the concentration of peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2 reached 30 mg/Kg, the LPS-induced upregulations of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NO, and PGE 2 were prevented. In addition, peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2 blocked the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and then suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and degradation inhibitor of IκBα. Moreover, C. idella treated with peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2 can relieve pathological inflammatory responses caused by LPS. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of peptide ALBL1 and ALBL2 might be a result from the inhibition of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α expressions through the downregulation of Toll2/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Institute for Fishery Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524000, China;
| | - Youqing Xu
- Institute for Fishery Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: or (Y.X.); or (Z.D.)
| | - Yupo Cao
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524000, China;
| | - Zhaokun Ding
- Institute for Fishery Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: or (Y.X.); or (Z.D.)
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Pinto JPC, Brouwer R, Zeyniyev A, Kuipers OP, Kok J. High-Resolution Chrono-Transcriptome of Lactococcus lactis Reveals That It Expresses Proteins with Adapted Size and pI upon Acidification and Nutrient Starvation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0247621. [PMID: 35416684 PMCID: PMC9088255 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02476-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome transcriptional analyses performed on microorganisms are traditionally based on a small number of samples. To map transient expression variations, and thoroughly characterize gene expression throughout the growth curve of the widely used model organism Lactococcus lactis MG1363, gene expression data were collected with unprecedented time resolution. The resulting gene expression patterns were globally analyzed in several different ways to demonstrate the richness of the data and the ease with which novel phenomena can be discovered. When the culture moves from one growth phase to another, gene expression patterns change to such an extent that we suggest that those patterns can be used to unequivocally distinguish growth phases from each other. Also, within the classically defined growth phases, subgrowth phases were distinguishable with a distinct expression signature. Apart from the global expression pattern shifts seen throughout the growth curve, several cases of short-lived transient gene expression patterns were clearly observed. These could help explain the gene expression variations frequently observed in biological replicates. A method was devised to estimate a measure of unnormalized/absolute gene expression levels and used to determine how global transcription patterns are influenced by nutrient starvation or acidification of the medium. Notably, we inferred that L. lactis MG1363 produces proteins with on average lower pIs and lower molecular weights as the medium acidifies and nutrients get scarcer. IMPORTANCE This data set is a rich resource for microbiologists interested in common mechanisms of gene expression, regulation and in particular the physiology of L. lactis. Thus, similar to the common use of genome sequence data by the scientific community, the data set constitutes an extensive data repository for mining and an opportunity for bioinformaticians to develop novel tools for in-depth analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P. C. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger Brouwer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Araz Zeyniyev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Kok
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Frelet-Barrand A. Lactococcus lactis, an Attractive Cell Factory for the Expression of Functional Membrane Proteins. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020180. [PMID: 35204681 PMCID: PMC8961550 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins play key roles in most crucial cellular processes, ranging from cell-to-cell communication to signaling processes. Despite recent improvements, the expression of functionally folded membrane proteins in sufficient amounts for functional and structural characterization remains a challenge. Indeed, it is still difficult to predict whether a protein can be overproduced in a functional state in some expression system(s), though studies of high-throughput screens have been published in recent years. Prokaryotic expression systems present several advantages over eukaryotic ones. Among them, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) has emerged in the last two decades as a good alternative expression system to E. coli. The purpose of this chapter is to describe L. lactis and its tightly inducible system, NICE, for the effective expression of membrane proteins from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Frelet-Barrand
- FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, CEDEX, 25030 Besançon, France
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44
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Abstract
Since inclusion bodies (IBs) contain an important amount of properly folded and active proteins, their solubilization using nondenaturing conditions to obtain aggregation-prone proteins has gained interest. Through these conditions, the refolding step is no longer required, which avoids the usual protein yield loss after this process. Here, we reveal a simple methodology to obtain pure and active difficult-to-produce proteins using two LPS-free expression systems: Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum. This protocol has proven to be successful to obtain proteins which are labile and prone-to-attach (difficult to be purified from other cytoplasmic proteins) and prone-to-aggregate (difficult to be obtained in their soluble form).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gifre-Renom
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Baltà-Foix
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Anna Arís
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
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Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis is an ideal expression host for the overproduction of heterologous proteins in a functional form. L. lactis has recently been identified as an efficient Gram-positive cell factory for the production of recombinant proteins and the safety of this production system has been confirmed in multiple clinical trials. Key desirable features of L. lactis include its generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, long history of safe use in food production, probiotic properties, absence of endotoxins, capacity to secrete stable recombinant protein to the growth medium, the presence of few proteases, and a diverse selection of cloning and inducible expression vectors. Growth of lactococci is rapid, proceeds to high cell densities, and does not require aeration, which facilitates large-scale fermentation. We have previously described the production of several Plasmodium falciparum antigens with varying degrees of predicted structural complexities, those which are considered difficult-to-produce proteins by using L. lactis pH-dependent inducible promoter (P170). The purpose of this chapter is to provide a detailed protocol for the expression of difficult-to-produce proteins, mainly high cysteine-rich proteins, in the soluble form in L. lactis from cloning of the target gene to the determination of expression levels and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel K Singh
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Vandana Singh
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Guo D, Singh H, Shimoyama A, Guffick C, Tang Y, Rowe SM, Noel T, Spring DR, Fukase K, van Veen HW. Energetics of lipid transport by the ABC transporter MsbA is lipid dependent. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1379. [PMID: 34887543 PMCID: PMC8660845 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABC multidrug exporter MsbA mediates the translocation of lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids across the plasma membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. Although MsbA is structurally well characterised, the energetic requirements of lipid transport remain unknown. Here, we report that, similar to the transport of small-molecule antibiotics and cytotoxic agents, the flopping of physiologically relevant long-acyl-chain 1,2-dioleoyl (C18)-phosphatidylethanolamine in proteoliposomes requires the simultaneous input of ATP binding and hydrolysis and the chemical proton gradient as sources of metabolic energy. In contrast, the flopping of the large hexa-acylated (C12-C14) Lipid-A anchor of lipopolysaccharides is only ATP dependent. This study demonstrates that the energetics of lipid transport by MsbA is lipid dependent. As our mutational analyses indicate lipid and drug transport via the central binding chamber in MsbA, the lipid availability in the membrane can affect the drug transport activity and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Himansha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Charlotte Guffick
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Yakun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Sam M Rowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Timothy Noel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hendrik W van Veen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
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47
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Chen G, Yang Z, Cao C, Xiao X, Huang Y, Tian L, Bai W. Subacute safety assessment of recombinant Lactococcus lactis on the gut microbiota of male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5807-5812. [PMID: 33792042 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactococcus lactis strain pGSMT/MG1363 is a genetically modified microorganism (GMM) that constitutively expresses human metallothionein-I fusion protein to combine with intracellular lead. Unlike traditional probiotics, pGSMT/MG1363 lacks a history of safe use in food. Administration of microorganism could influence the gut microbial community and consequently confer health benefits or cause disadvantages to the host. To date, little has been done to assess the influence of recombinant strain pGSMT/MG1363 on the stability of gut microbiota. RESULTS Liver, testis and kidney sections of male Sprague-Dawley rats orally administered pGSMT/MG1363 for 6 weeks showed normal structure and no pathological damage. There were no adverse effects on the analyzed serum biochemical parameters between the pGSMT/MG1363 group and the MG1363 group. Principal coordinate analysis showed that, compared with the MG1363 group, the 6-week-old fecal gut microbiota of rats fed with pGSMT/MG1363 was not significantly different (Adonis, P = 0.802). pGSMT/MG1363 treatment for 6 weeks did not significantly change the relative abundance of gut microbiota at the phylum and genus levels in comparison with MG1363 treatment. CONCLUSION Compared to the non-GM strain MG1363 group, administration of the recombinant strain pGSMT/MG1363 for 6 weeks showed no adverse effects on the analyzed physiological parameters and gut microbial compositions of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The results suggested that, in terms of gut microbiota stability, pGSMT/MG1363 could be considered as safe as MG1363, at least for short-term intake. Further toxicological evaluations still need to be considered before drawing a definite conclusion concerning the safe use of pGSMT/MG1363. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunting Cao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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48
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Lee SH, Beck BR, Hwang SH, Song SK. Feeding olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with Lactococcus lactis BFE920 expressing the fusion antigen of Vibrio OmpK and FlaB provides protection against multiple Vibrio pathogens: A universal vaccine effect. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 114:253-262. [PMID: 33979691 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vibriosis, an illness caused by the Vibrio bacteria species, results in significant economic loss in olive flounder farms. Here we present a novel anti-Vibrio feed vaccine protecting multiple strains of Vibrio pathogens, a universal vaccine effect. The vaccine was generated by engineering Lactococcus lactis BFE920 to express the fusion antigens of Vibrio outer membrane protein K (OmpK) and flagellin B subunit (FlaB). These antigen genes are highly conserved among Vibrio species. Olive flounder (7.1 ± 0.8 g and 140 ± 10 g) were fed the vaccine adsorbed to a regular feed (1 × 107 CFU/g) for one week with a 1-week interval, repeating three times (a triple boost). The vaccinated fish increased the significant levels of antigen-specific antibodies, T cell numbers (CD4-1, CD4-2, and CD8α), cytokine production (T-bet and IFN-γ), and innate immune responses (TLR5M, IL-1β, and IL-12p40). Also, the survival rates of adult and juvenile fish fed the vaccine were significantly elevated when challenged with V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, and V. harveyi. In addition, weight gain rate and feed conversion ratio were improved in vaccinated fish. The feed vaccine protected multiple Vibrio pathogens, a universal vaccine effect, by activating innate and adaptive immune responses. This oral vaccine may be developed as an anti-Vibrio vaccine to protect against a broad spectrum of Vibrio pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ho Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Bo Ram Beck
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Seok-Hong Hwang
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea.
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Chen Y, van Pelt‐KleinJan E, van Olst B, Douwenga S, Boeren S, Bachmann H, Molenaar D, Nielsen J, Teusink B. Proteome constraints reveal targets for improving microbial fitness in nutrient-rich environments. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10093. [PMID: 33821549 PMCID: PMC8022198 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adapt to different conditions via gene expression that tunes metabolism for maximal fitness. Constraints on cellular proteome may limit such expression strategies and introduce trade-offs. Resource allocation under proteome constraints has explained regulatory strategies in bacteria. It is unclear, however, to what extent these constraints can predict evolutionary changes, especially for microorganisms that evolved under nutrient-rich conditions, i.e., multiple available nitrogen sources, such as Lactococcus lactis. Here, we present a proteome-constrained genome-scale metabolic model of L. lactis (pcLactis) to interpret growth on multiple nutrients. Through integration of proteomics and flux data, in glucose-limited chemostats, the model predicted glucose and arginine uptake as dominant constraints at low growth rates. Indeed, glucose and arginine catabolism were found upregulated in evolved mutants. At high growth rates, pcLactis correctly predicted the observed shutdown of arginine catabolism because limited proteome availability favored lactate for ATP production. Thus, our model-based analysis is able to identify and explain the proteome constraints that limit growth rate in nutrient-rich environments and thus form targets of fitness improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for BiosustainabilityChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | - Eunice van Pelt‐KleinJan
- TiFNWageningenthe Netherlands
- Systems Biology LabAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Berdien van Olst
- TiFNWageningenthe Netherlands
- Host‐Microbe InteractomicsWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of BiochemistryWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sieze Douwenga
- TiFNWageningenthe Netherlands
- Systems Biology LabAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- TiFNWageningenthe Netherlands
- Laboratory of BiochemistryWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Herwig Bachmann
- TiFNWageningenthe Netherlands
- Systems Biology LabAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- NIZO Food ResearchEdeThe Netherlands
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- TiFNWageningenthe Netherlands
- Systems Biology LabAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for BiosustainabilityChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for BiosustainabilityTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
- BioInnovation InstituteCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Bas Teusink
- TiFNWageningenthe Netherlands
- Systems Biology LabAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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50
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Zhao G, Liu J, Zhao J, Dorau R, Jensen PR, Solem C. Efficient Production of Nisin A from Low-Value Dairy Side Streams Using a Nonengineered Dairy Lactococcus lactis Strain with Low Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:2826-2835. [PMID: 33646779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nisin is commonly used as a biopreservative in foods. For industrial production, nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains are usually grown to high cell densities to achieve the highest possible nisin titer. However, accumulation of lactic acid eventually halts production, even in pH-controlled fermentations. Here, we describe a nisin-producing L. lactis strain Ge001, which was obtained after transferring the nisin gene cluster from L. lactis ATCC 11454, by conjugation, into the natural mutant L. lactis RD1M5, with low lactate dehydrogenase activity. The ability of Ge001 to produce nisin was tested using dairy waste as the fermentation substrate. To accommodate redox cofactor regeneration, respiration conditions were used, and to alleviate oxidative stress and to reduce adsorption of nisin onto the producing cells, we found it to be beneficial to add 1 mM Mn2+ and 100 mM Ca2+, respectively. A high titer of 12 084 IU/mL nisin could be reached, which is comparable to the highest titers reported using expensive, rich media. Summing up, we here present a 100% natural, robust, and sustainable approach for producing food-grade nisin and acetoin from readily available dairy waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhao
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jianming Liu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Robin Dorau
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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