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Fu J, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Fei Z, Wang W, Wu J, Zhang F, Zhao Y, Li J, Hao J, Niu Y. MrERF039 transcription factor plays an active role in the cold response of Medicago ruthenica as a sugar molecular switch. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1834-1851. [PMID: 38318779 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cold stress severely restricts plant development, causing significant agricultural losses. We found a critical transcription factor network in Medicago ruthenica was involved in plant adaptation to low-temperature. APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor MrERF039 was transcriptionally induced by cold stress in M. ruthenica. Overexpression of MrERF039 significantly increased the glucose and maltose content, thereby improving the tolerance of M. ruthenica. MrERF039 could bind to the DRE cis-acting element in the MrCAS15A promoter. Additionally, the methyl group of the 14th amino acid in MrERF039 was required for binding. Transcriptome analysis showed that MrERF039 acted as a sugar molecular switch, regulating numerous sugar transporters and sugar metabolism-related genes. In addition, we found that MrERF039 could directly regulate β-amylase gene, UDP glycosyltransferase gene, and C2H2 zinc finger protein gene expression. In conclusion, these findings suggest that high expression of MrERF039 can significantly improve the cold tolerance of M. ruthenica root tissues during cold acclimation. Our results provide a new theoretical basis and candidate genes for breeding new legume forage varieties with high resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhimin Fei
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Waner Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinfeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yiding Niu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology, Hohhot, China
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2
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Endo H, Tsuneto K, Mang D, Zhang W, Yamagishi T, Ito K, Nagata S, Sato R. Molecular basis of host plant recognition by silkworm larvae. J Insect Physiol 2024; 154:104628. [PMID: 38387524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects can identify their host plants by sensing plant secondary metabolites as chemical cues. We previously reported the two-factor host acceptance system of the silkworm Bombyx mori larvae. The chemosensory neurons in the maxillary palp (MP) of the larvae detect mulberry secondary metabolites, chlorogenic acid (CGA), and isoquercetin (ISQ), with ultrahigh sensitivity, for host plant recognition and feeding initiation. Nevertheless, the molecular basis for the ultrasensitive sensing of these compounds remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that two gustatory receptors (Grs), BmGr6 and BmGr9, are responsible for sensing the mulberry compounds with attomolar sensitivity for host plant recognition by silkworm larvae. Calcium imaging assay using cultured cells expressing the silkworm putative sugar receptors (BmGr4-10) revealed that BmGr6 and BmGr9 serve as receptors for CGA and ISQ with attomolar sensitivity in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout (KO) of BmGr6 and BmGr9 resulted in a low probability of making a test bite of the mulberry leaves, suggesting that they lost the ability to recognize host leaves. Electrophysiological recordings showed that the loss of host recognition ability in the Gr-KO strains was due to a drastic decrease in MP sensitivity toward ISQ in BmGr6-KO larvae and toward CGA and ISQ in BmGr9-KO larvae. Our findings have revealed that the two Grs, previously considered to be sugar receptors, are molecules responsible for detecting plant phenolics in host plant recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Endo
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Kana Tsuneto
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Dingze Mang
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Takayuki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ito
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu,Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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3
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Chen J, Yang L, Zhang H, Ruan J, Wang Y. Role of sugars in the apical hook development of Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:131. [PMID: 38656568 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The sugar supply in the medium affects the apical hook development of Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings. In addition, we provided the mechanism insights of this process. Dicotyledonous plants form an apical hook structure to shield their young cotyledons from mechanical damage as they emerge from the rough soil. Our findings indicate that sugar molecules, such as sucrose and glucose, are crucial for apical hook development. The presence of sucrose and glucose allows the apical hooks to be maintained for a longer period compared to those grown in sugar-free conditions, and this effect is dose-dependent. Key roles in apical hook development are played by several sugar metabolism pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. RNA-seq data revealed an up-regulation of genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism in plants grown in sugar-free conditions, while genes associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism were down-regulated. This study underscores the significant role of sugar metabolism in the apical hook development of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Hehua Zhang
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Junbin Ruan
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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4
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Li Y, Jiang Y, Cao D, Dang B, Yang X, Fan S, Shen Y, Li G, Liu B. Creating a zero amylose barley with high soluble sugar content by genome editing. Plant Mol Biol 2024; 114:50. [PMID: 38656412 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Amylose biosynthesis is strictly associated with granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) encoded by the Waxy gene. Mutagenesis of single bases in the Waxy gene, which induced by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, caused absence of intact GBSSI protein in grain of the edited line. The amylose and amylopectin contents of waxy mutants were zero and 31.73%, while those in the wild type were 33.50% and 39.00%, respectively. The absence of GBSSI protein led to increase in soluble sugar content to 37.30% compared with only 10.0% in the wild type. Sucrose and β-glucan, were 39.16% and 35.40% higher in waxy mutants than in the wild type, respectively. Transcriptome analysis identified differences between the wild type and waxy mutants that could partly explain the reduction in amylose and amylopectin contents and the increase in soluble sugar, sucrose and β-glucan contents. This waxy flour, which showed lower final viscosity and setback, and higher breakdown, could provide more option for food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Qinghai academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Dong Cao
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Bin Dang
- Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Key Laboratory of Agric-Product Processing, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xijuan Yang
- Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Key Laboratory of Agric-Product Processing, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Shiting Fan
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yuhu Shen
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Genying Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
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5
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Griesser M, Savoi S, Bondada B, Forneck A, Keller M. Berry shrivel in grapevine: a review considering multiple approaches. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:2196-2213. [PMID: 38174592 PMCID: PMC11016843 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine berry shrivel, a ripening disorder, causes significant economic losses in the worldwide wine and table grape industries. An early interruption in ripening leads to this disorder, resulting in shriveling and reduced sugar accumulation affecting yield and fruit quality. Loss of sink strength associated with berry mesocarp cell death is an early symptom of this disorder; however, potential internal or external triggers are yet to be explored. No pathogens have been identified that might cause the ripening syndrome. Understanding the underlying causes and mechanisms contributing to berry shrivel is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies and finding solutions for other ripening disorders associated with climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. This review discusses alterations in the fruit ripening mechanism induced by berry shrivel disorder, focusing primarily on sugar transport and metabolism, cell wall modification and cell death, and changes in the phytohormone profile. The essential open questions are highlighted and analyzed, thus identifying the critical knowledge gaps and key challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Griesser
- Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stefania Savoi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Bhaskar Bondada
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Washington State University Tri-Cities, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Keller
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
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6
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Asif M, Nocilla KA, Ngo L, Shah M, Smadi Y, Hafeez Z, Parnes M, Manson A, Glushka JN, Leach FE, Edison AS. Role of UDP-Glycosyltransferase ( ugt) Genes in Detoxification and Glycosylation of 1-Hydroxyphenazine (1-HP) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:590-599. [PMID: 38488606 PMCID: PMC11022241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model organism to study the xenobiotic detoxification pathways of various natural and synthetic toxins, but the mechanisms of phase II detoxification are understudied. 1-Hydroxyphenazine (1-HP), a toxin produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, kills C. elegans. We previously showed that C. elegans detoxifies 1-HP by adding one, two, or three glucose molecules in N2 worms. Our current study evaluates the roles that some UDP-glycosyltransferase (ugt) genes play in 1-HP detoxification. We show that ugt-23 and ugt-49 knockout mutants are more sensitive to 1-HP than reference strains N2 or PD1074. Our data also show that ugt-23 knockout mutants produce reduced amounts of the trisaccharide sugars, while the ugt-49 knockout mutants produce reduced amounts of all 1-HP derivatives except for the glucopyranosyl product compared to the reference strains. We characterized the structure of the trisaccharide sugar phenazines made by C. elegans and showed that one of the sugar modifications contains an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in place of glucose. This implies broad specificity regarding UGT function and the role of genes other than ogt-1 in adding GlcNAc, at least in small-molecule detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Zaka Asif
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Kelsey A. Nocilla
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Li Ngo
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Man Shah
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yosef Smadi
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Zaki Hafeez
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michael Parnes
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Allie Manson
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - John N. Glushka
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Franklin E. Leach
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Arthur S. Edison
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Institute
of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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7
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Loo EPI, Durán P, Pang TY, Westhoff P, Deng C, Durán C, Lercher M, Garrido-Oter R, Frommer WB. Sugar transporters spatially organize microbiota colonization along the longitudinal root axis of Arabidopsis. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:543-556.e6. [PMID: 38479394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots are functionally heterogeneous in cellular architecture, transcriptome profile, metabolic state, and microbial immunity. We hypothesized that axial differentiation may also impact spatial colonization by root microbiota along the root axis. We developed two growth systems, ArtSoil and CD-Rhizotron, to grow and then dissect Arabidopsis thaliana roots into three segments. We demonstrate that distinct endospheric and rhizosphere bacterial communities colonize the segments, supporting the hypothesis of microbiota differentiation along the axis. Root metabolite profiling of each segment reveals differential metabolite enrichment and specificity. Bioinformatic analyses and GUS histochemistry indicate microbe-induced accumulation of SWEET2, 4, and 12 sugar uniporters. Profiling of root segments from sweet mutants shows altered spatial metabolic profiles and reorganization of endospheric root microbiota. This work reveals the interdependency between root metabolites and microbial colonization and the contribution of SWEETs to spatial diversity and stability of microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza P-I Loo
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Physiology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Paloma Durán
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tin Yau Pang
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chen Deng
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Physiology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carlos Durán
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Lercher
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruben Garrido-Oter
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Earlham Institute, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Physiology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan.
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8
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Hu J, Bettembourg M, Xue L, Hu R, Schnürer A, Sun C, Jin Y, Sundström JF. A low-methane rice with high-yield potential realized via optimized carbon partitioning. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170980. [PMID: 38373456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Global rice cultivation significantly contributes to anthropogenic methane emissions. The methane emissions are caused by methane-producing microorganisms (methanogenic archaea) that are favoured by the anoxic conditions of paddy soils and small carbon molecules released from rice roots. However, different rice cultivars are associated with differences in methane emission rates suggesting that there is a considerable natural variation in this trait. Starting from the hypothesis that sugar allocation within a plant is an important factor influencing both yields and methane emissions, the aim of this study was to produce high-yielding rice lines associated with low methane emissions. In this study, the offspring (here termed progeny lines) of crosses between a newly characterized low-methane rice variety, Heijing 5, and three high-yielding elite varieties, Xiushui, Huayu and Jiahua, were selected for combined low-methane and high-yield properties. Analyses of total organic carbon and carbohydrates showed that the progeny lines stored more carbon in above-ground tissues than the maternal elite varieties. Also, metabolomic analysis of rhizospheric soil surrounding the progeny lines showed reduced levels of glucose and other carbohydrates. The carbon allocation, from roots to shoots, was further supported by a transcriptome analysis using massively parallel sequencing of mRNAs that demonstrated elevated expression of the sugar transporters SUT-C and SWEET in the progeny lines as compared to the parental varieties. Furthermore, measurement of methane emissions from plants, grown in greenhouse as well as outdoor rice paddies, showed a reduction in methane emissions by approximately 70 % in the progeny lines compared to the maternal elite varieties. Taken together, we report here on three independent low-methane-emission rice lines with high yield potential. We also provide a first molecular characterisation of the progeny lines that can serve as a foundation for further studies of candidate genes involved in sugar allocation and reduced methane emissions from rice cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Sweden University of Agricultural Science, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathilde Bettembourg
- Department of Plant Biology, Sweden University of Agricultural Science, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lihong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Downstream of Yangtze plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 43070, China
| | - Anna Schnürer
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Sweden University of Agricultural Science, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yunkai Jin
- Department of Plant Biology, Sweden University of Agricultural Science, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens F Sundström
- Department of Plant Biology, Sweden University of Agricultural Science, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Cun Z, Zhang JY, Hong J, Yang J, Gao LL, Hao B, Chen JW. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory mechanism of low nitrogen-driven biosynthesis of saponins and flavonoids in Panax notoginseng. Gene 2024; 901:148163. [PMID: 38224922 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient involved in the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in plants. However, the metabolic regulatory mechanism of low-N-induced triterpenoid saponin and flavonoid accumulation in rhizomatous medicinal Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen remains unclear. METHODS To explore the potential regulatory mechanism and metabolic basis controlling the response of P. notoginseng to N deficiency, the transcriptome and metabolome were analysed in the roots. RESULTS The N content was significantly reduced in roots of N0-treated P. notoginseng (0 kg·N·667 m-2). The C/N ratio was enhanced in the N-deficient P. notoginseng. N deficiency promotes the accumulation of amino acids (L-proline, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-norleucine, L-arginine, and L-citrulline) and sugar (arabinose, xylose, glucose, fructose, and mannose), thus providing precursor metabolites for the biosynthesis of flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins. Downregulation of key structural genes (PAL, PAL3, ACC1, CHS2, PPO, CHI3, F3H, DFR, and FGT), in particular with the key genes of F3H, involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway possibly induced the decrease in flavonoid content with increased N supply. Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Re, Rg1, Rd, F1, R1 + Rg1 + Rb1 and total triterpenoid saponins were enhanced in the N0 groups than in the N15 (15 kg·N·667 m-2) plants. Higher phosphoenolpyruvate (an intermediate of glycolyticwith pathway metabolism) and serine (an intermediate of photorespiration) levels induced by N deficiency possibly promote saponin biosynthesis through mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol (MEP) pathways. Genes (MVD2, HMGS, HMGR1, HMGR2, DXR, and HMGR1) encoding the primary enzymes HMGS, HMGR, DXR, and MVD in the MVA and MEP pathways were significantly upregulated in the N0-treated P. notoginseng. The saponin biosynthesis genes DDS, DDS, CYP716A52, CYP716A47, UGT74AE2, and FPS were upregulated in the N-deficient plants. Upregulation of genes involved in saponin biosynthesis promotes the accumulation of triterpenoid saponins in the N0-grown P. notoginseng. CONCLUSIONS N deficiency enhances primary metabolisms, such as amino acids and sugar accumulation, laying the foundation for the synthesis of flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins in P. notoginseng. F3H, DDS, FPS, HMGR, HMGS and UGT74AE2 can be considered as candidates for functional characterisation of the N-regulated accumulation of triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jie Hong
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li-Lin Gao
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Bing Hao
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Alvarenga PH, Alves E Silva TL, Suzuki M, Nardone G, Cecilio P, Vega-Rodriguez J, Ribeiro JMC, Andersen JF. Comprehensive Proteomics Analysis of the Hemolymph Composition of Sugar-Fed Aedes aegypti Female and Male Mosquitoes. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1471-1487. [PMID: 38576391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In arthropods, hemolymph carries immune cells and solubilizes and transports nutrients, hormones, and other molecules that are involved in diverse physiological processes including immunity, metabolism, and reproduction. However, despite such physiological importance, little is known about its composition. We applied mass spectrometry-based label-free quantification approaches to study the proteome of hemolymph perfused from sugar-fed female and male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. A total of 1403 proteins were identified, out of which 447 of them were predicted to be extracellular. In both sexes, almost half of these extracellular proteins were predicted to be involved in defense/immune response, and their relative abundances (based on their intensity-based absolute quantification, iBAQ) were 37.9 and 33.2%, respectively. Interestingly, among them, 102 serine proteases/serine protease-homologues were identified, with almost half of them containing CLIP regulatory domains. Moreover, proteins belonging to families classically described as chemoreceptors, such as odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs), were also highly abundant in the hemolymph of both sexes. Our data provide a comprehensive catalogue of A. aegypti hemolymph basal protein content, revealing numerous unexplored targets for future research on mosquito physiology and disease transmission. It also provides a reference for future studies on the effect of blood meal and infection on hemolymph composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia H Alvarenga
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIH-NIAID, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Thiago Luiz Alves E Silva
- Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIH-NIAID, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Protein and Chemistry Section, Research Technologies Branch, NIH-NIAID, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Glenn Nardone
- Protein and Chemistry Section, Research Technologies Branch, NIH-NIAID, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Pedro Cecilio
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIH-NIAID, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Joel Vega-Rodriguez
- Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIH-NIAID, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Jose M C Ribeiro
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIH-NIAID, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - John F Andersen
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIH-NIAID, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
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11
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Rossouw GC, Orr R, Bennett D, Bally ISE. The roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting: a review focusing on mango ( Mangifera indica). Funct Plant Biol 2024; 51:FP23195. [PMID: 38588720 DOI: 10.1071/fp23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive development of fruiting trees, including mango (Mangifera indica L.), is limited by non-structural carbohydrates. Competition for sugars increases with cropping, and consequently, vegetative growth and replenishment of starch reserves may reduce with high yields, resulting in interannual production variability. While the effect of crop load on photosynthesis and the distribution of starch within the mango tree has been studied, the contribution of starch and sugars to different phases of reproductive development requires attention. This review focuses on mango and examines the roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting trees to clarify the repercussions of crop load on reproductive development. Starch buffers the plant's carbon availability to regulate supply with demand, while sugars provide a direct resource for carbon translocation. Sugar signalling and interactions with phytohormones play a crucial role in flowering, fruit set, growth, ripening and retention, as well as regulating starch, sugar and secondary metabolites in fruit. The balance between the leaf and fruit biomass affects the availability and contributions of starch and sugars to fruiting. Crop load impacts photosynthesis and interactions between sources and sinks. As a result, the onset and rate of reproductive processes are affected, with repercussions for fruit size, composition, and the inter-annual bearing pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard C Rossouw
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba Research Facility, Mareeba 4880, Qld, Australia
| | - Ryan Orr
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba Research Facility, Mareeba 4880, Qld, Australia
| | - Dale Bennett
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba Research Facility, Mareeba 4880, Qld, Australia
| | - Ian S E Bally
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba Research Facility, Mareeba 4880, Qld, Australia
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12
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Akyüz A, Tekin İ, Aksoy Z, Ersus S. Determination of process parameters and precipitation methods for potential large-scale production of sugar beet leaf protein concentrate. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3235-3245. [PMID: 38072666 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar beet is one of the most produced industrial plants in the world, and during manufacturing it produces a large quantity of leaf waste. Because this waste is rich in protein, this study aimed to identify an efficient method for producing large-scale protein concentrate from sugar beet leaves. RESULTS Results showed that protein extraction from fresh leaves was more effective than from dried leaves. Maximum protein extraction was achieved at pH 9, compared with pH 7 or 8. Blanching as a pretreatment reduced protein yield during isoelectric precipitation, with a yield of 2.31% compared to 20.20% without blanching. Consequently, blanching was excluded from the extraction process. After extraction, isoelectric precipitation, heat coagulation, and isoelectric-ammonium sulfate precipitation were compared. Although the latter resulted in the highest protein yield, Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that excessive salt was not removed during dialysis, making it unsuitable for scale-up due to its additional cost and complexity. Therefore, isoelectric precipitation was selected as the appropriate method for protein precipitation from sugar beet leaves. To increase yield, extractions were assisted by ultrasound or enzyme addition. Ultrasound-assisted extraction resulted in an increased protein yield from 20.20% to 28.60%, while Pectinex Ultra SP-L-assisted extraction was the most effective, increasing protein yield from 20.20% to 38.09%. CONCLUSION Proteins were extracted from fresh sugar beet leaves using optimum conditions (50 °C, 30 min, pH 9) and precipitated at isoelectric point, with enzymatic-assisted extraction yielding the maximum protein recovery. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Akyüz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İdil Tekin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zülal Aksoy
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Seda Ersus
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Pei X, Bai T, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Fan Y, Liu TX. Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase modulates lipogenesis and sugar homeostasis in Blattella germanica. Insect Sci 2024; 31:387-404. [PMID: 37486126 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipid and sugar homeostasis is critical for insect development and survival. In this study, we characterized an acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase gene in Blattella germanica (BgACC) that is involved in both lipogenesis and sugar homeostasis. We found that BgACC was dominantly expressed in the fat body and integument, and was significantly upregulated after molting. Knockdown of BgACC in 5th-instar nymphs did not affect their normal molting to the next nymphal stage, but it caused a lethal phenotype during adult emergence. BgACC-RNA interference (RNAi) significantly downregulated total free fatty acid (FFA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, and also caused a significant decrease of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Repression of BgACC in adult females affected the development of oocytes and resulted in sterile females, but BgACC-RNAi did not affect the reproductive ability of males. Interestingly, knockdown of BgACC also changed the expression of insulin-like peptide genes (BgILPs), which mimicked a physiological state of high sugar uptake. In addition, BgACC was upregulated when B. germanica were fed on a high sucrose diet, and repression of BgACC upregulated the expression of the glycogen synthase gene (BgGlyS). Moreover, BgACC-RNAi increased the circulating sugar levels and glycogen storage, and a longevity assay suggested that BgACC was important for the survival of B. germanica under conditions of high sucrose uptake. Our results confirm that BgACC is involved in multiple lipid biogenesis and sugar homeostasis processes, which further modulates insect reproduction and sugar tolerance. This study benefits our understanding of the crosstalk between lipid and sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tiantian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongliang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Wu YC, Yu CW, Chiu JY, Chiang YH, Mitsuda N, Yen XC, Huang TP, Chang TF, Yen CJ, Guo WJ. The AT-hook protein AHL29 promotes Bacillus subtilis colonization by suppressing SWEET2-mediated sugar retrieval in Arabidopsis roots. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1084-1098. [PMID: 38037476 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial Bacillus subtilis (BS) symbiosis could combat root pathogenesis, but it relies on root-secreted sugars. Understanding the molecular control of sugar flux during colonization would benefit biocontrol applications. The SWEET (Sugar Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter) uniporter regulates microbe-induced sugar secretion from roots; thus, its homologs may modulate sugar distribution upon BS colonization. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that gene transcripts of SWEET2, but not SWEET16 and 17, were significantly induced in seedling roots after 12 h of BS inoculation. Particularly, SWEET2-β-glucuronidase fusion proteins accumulated in the apical mature zone where BS abundantly colonized. Yet, enhanced BS colonization in sweet2 mutant roots suggested a specific role for SWEET2 to constrain BS propagation, probably by limiting hexose secretion. By employing yeast one-hybrid screening and ectopic expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts, the transcription factor AHL29 was identified to function as a repressor of SWEET2 expression through the AT-hook motif. Repression occurred despite immunity signals. Additionally, enhanced SWEET2 expression and reduced colonies were specifically detected in roots of BS-colonized ahl29 mutant. Taken together, we propose that BS colonization may activate repression of AHL29 on SWEET2 transcription that would be enhanced by immunity signals, thereby maintaining adequate sugar secretion for a beneficial Bacillus association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chien Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chien-Wen Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jo-Yu Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Xu-Chen Yen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tzu-Pi Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
- Master and Doctoral Degree Program in Plant Health Care, Academy of Circular Economy, National Chung Hsing University, Nantou, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tzu-Fang Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Cen-Jie Yen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Woei-Jiun Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
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Huo J, Song B, Lin X, Riaz M, Zhao X, Liu S, She Q. Ecological characteristics of sugar beet plant and rhizosphere soil in response to high boron stress: A study of the remediation potential. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120655. [PMID: 38513589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
High boron (B) stress degrades the soil environment and reduces plant productivity. Sugar beet has a high B demand and potential for remediation of B-toxic soils. However, the mechanism regarding the response of sugar beet plants and rhizosphere soil microbiome to high B stress is not clear. In the potted soil experiment, we set different soil effective B environments (0.5, 5, 10, 30, 50, and 100 mg kg-1) to study the growth status of sugar beets under different B concentrations, as well as the characteristics of soil enzyme activity and microbial community changes. The results showed that sugar beet growth was optimal at 5 mg kg-1 of B. Exceeding this concentration the tolerance index decreased. The injury threshold EC20 was reached at an available B concentration of 35.8 mg kg-1. Under the treatment of 100 mg kg-1, the B accumulation of sugar beet reached 0.22 mg plant-1, and the tolerance index was still higher than 60%, which had not yet reached the lethal concentration of sugar beet. The abundance of Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi and Patescibacteria increased, which was beneficial to the resistance of sugar beet to high B stress. In summary, under high B stress sugar beet had strong tolerance, enhanced capacity for B uptake and enrichment, and changes in soil microbial community structure. This study provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of sugar beet resistance to high B stress and soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Huo
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Baiquan Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; National Sugar Crops Improvement Center & Sugar Beet Engineering Research Center Heilongjiang Province & College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Shangxuan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Qingqing She
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
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Draelos ZD. INDIVIDUAL ARTICLE: Sugar Sag: What Is Skin Glycation and How Do You Combat It? J Drugs Dermatol 2024; 23:SF378083s5-SF378083s10. [PMID: 38564405 DOI: 10.36849/jdd.sf378083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Skin aging is influenced by various exogenous and endogenous factors, ranging from ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and environmental toxins to biological sources, such as those that arise from normal metabolic processes (eg, free radicals). Glycation is the normal process by which glucose and other reducing sugars react with proteins to form an array of heterogeneous biomolecular structures known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) over time. However, AGEs are toxic to human cells and are implicated in the acceleration of inflammatory and oxidative processes, with their accumulation in the skin being associated with increased skin dulling and yellowing, fine lines, wrinkles, and skin laxity. Clinicians should become cognizant of how AGEs develop, what their biological consequences are, and familiarize themselves with available strategies to mitigate their formation. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23:4(Suppl 1):s5-10.
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Zhu Y, Tian Y, Han S, Wang J, Liu Y, Yin J. Structure, evolution, and roles of SWEET proteins in growth and stress responses in plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130441. [PMID: 38417760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are exported by the SWEET family of transporters, which is a novel class of carriers that can transport sugars across cell membranes and facilitate sugar's long-distance transport from source to sink organs in plants. SWEETs play crucial roles in a wide range of physiologically important processes by regulating apoplastic and symplastic sugar concentrations. These processes include host-pathogen interactions, abiotic stress responses, and plant growth and development. In the present review, we (i) describe the structure and organization of SWEETs in the cell membrane, (ii) discuss the roles of SWEETs in sugar loading and unloading processes, (iii) identify the distinct functions of SWEETs in regulating plant growth and development including flower, fruit, and seed development, (iv) shed light on the importance of SWEETs in modulating abiotic stress resistance, and (v) describe the role of SWEET genes during plant-pathogen interaction. Finally, several perspectives regarding future investigations for improving the understanding of sugar-mediated plant defenses are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China; Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
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Xiao L, Gheysen G, Yang M, Xiao X, Xu L, Guo X, Yang L, Liu W, He Y, Peng D, Peng H, Ma K, Long H, Wang G, Xiao Y. Brown planthopper infestation on rice reduces plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola by reducing root sugar allocation. New Phytol 2024; 242:262-277. [PMID: 38332248 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants are simultaneously attacked by different pests that rely on sugars uptake from plants. An understanding of the role of plant sugar allocation in these multipartite interactions is limited. Here, we characterized the expression patterns of sucrose transporter genes and evaluated the impact of targeted transporter gene mutants and brown planthopper (BPH) phloem-feeding and oviposition on root sugar allocation and BPH-reduced rice susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola. We found that the sugar transporter genes OsSUT1 and OsSUT2 are induced at BPH oviposition sites. OsSUT2 mutants showed a higher resistance to gravid BPH than to nymph BPH, and this was correlated with callose deposition, as reflected in a different effect on M. graminicola infection. BPH phloem-feeding caused inhibition of callose deposition that was counteracted by BPH oviposition. Meanwhile, this pivotal role of sugar allocation in BPH-reduced rice susceptibility to M. graminicola was validated on rice cultivar RHT harbouring BPH resistance genes Bph3 and Bph17. In conclusion, we demonstrated that rice susceptibility to M. graminicola is regulated by BPH phloem-feeding and oviposition on rice through differences in plant sugar allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Mingwei Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueqiong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lihe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haibo Long
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yannong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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19
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Wu D, Cao Y, Wang D, Zong G, Han K, Zhang W, Qi Y, Xu G, Zhang Y. Auxin receptor OsTIR1 mediates auxin signaling during seed filling in rice. Plant Physiol 2024; 194:2434-2448. [PMID: 38214208 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cereal endosperm represents the most important source of the world's food. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms behind sugar import into rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm and their relationship with auxin signaling are poorly understood. Here, we report that auxin transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) plays an essential role in rice grain yield and quality via modulating sugar transport into endosperm. The fluctuations of OsTIR1 transcripts parallel to the early stage of grain expansion among those of the 5 TIR1/AFB (auxin-signaling F-box) auxin co-receptor proteins. OsTIR1 is abundantly expressed in ovular vascular trace, nucellar projection, nucellar epidermis, aleurone layer cells, and endosperm, providing a potential path for sugar into the endosperm. Compared to wild-type (WT) plants, starch accumulation is repressed by mutation of OsTIR1 and improved by overexpression of the gene, ultimately leading to reduced grain yield and quality in tir1 mutants but improvement in overexpression lines. Of the rice AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) genes, only the OsARF25 transcript is repressed in tir1 mutants and enhanced by overexpression of OsTIR1; its highest transcript is recorded at 10 d after fertilization, consistent with OsTIR1 expression. Also, OsARF25 can bind the promoter of the sugar transporter OsSWEET11 (SWEET, sugars will eventually be exported transporter) in vivo and in vitro. arf25 and arf25/sweet11 mutants exhibit reduced starch content and seed size (relative to the WTs), similar to tir1 mutants. Our data reveal that OsTIR1 mediates sugar import into endosperm via the auxin signaling component OsARF25 interacting with sugar transporter OsSWEET11. The results of this study are of great significance to further clarify the regulatory mechanism of auxin signaling on grain development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guoxinan Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kunxu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China
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20
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Oh SJ, Lee HJ, Hwang JH, Kim HJ, Shin N, Lee SH, Seo SO, Bhatia SK, Yang YH. Validating a Xylose Regulator to Increase Polyhydroxybutyrate Production for Utilizing Mixed Sugars from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Escherichia coli. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:700-709. [PMID: 37919866 PMCID: PMC11016755 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from lignocellulosic biomass is economically beneficial. Because lignocellulosic biomass is a mixture rich in glucose and xylose, Escherichia coli, which prefers glucose, needs to overcome glucose repression for efficient biosugar use. To avoid glucose repression, here, we overexpressed a xylose regulator (xylR) in an E. coli strain expressing bktB, phaB, and phaC from Cupriavidus necator and evaluated the effect of xylR on PHB production. XylR overexpression increased xylose consumption from 0% to 46.53% and produced 4.45-fold more PHB than the control strain without xylR in a 1% sugar mixture of glucose and xylose (1:1). When the xylR-overexpressed strain was applied to sugars from lignocellulosic biomass, cell growth and PHB production of the strain showed a 4.7-fold increase from the control strain, yielding 2.58 ± 0.02 g/l PHB and 4.43 ± 0.28 g/l dry cell weight in a 1% hydrolysate mixture. XylR overexpression increased the expression of xylose operon genes by up to 1.7-fold. Moreover, the effect of xylR was substantially different in various E. coli strains. Overall, the results showed the effect of xylR overexpression on PHB production in a non-native PHB producer and the possible application of xylR for xylose utilization in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Jin Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Oh Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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21
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de Oliveira CPM, Simões WL, de Melo Chaves AR, Silva JSD, Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro L, de Camargos LS, Gava R, Sobral YRA, Teodoro PE. Water strategy improves the inflorescence primordia formation of 'Arra 15' grapevine in the Brazilian semiarid region. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6678. [PMID: 38509214 PMCID: PMC10954739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Failure in irrigation management of grapevines grown in the Brazilian semiarid region can affect bud fertility. Adequate irrigation, considering both the development of bunches in the current cycle and the formation of fertile buds for subsequent cycles, can bring significant advances to viticulture. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of different irrigation levels during flowering on the formation of buds and potential bunches of 'Arra 15' grapevine and its relationship with metabolic processes. A field experiment was carried out in a commercial vineyard in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil, during the 2021 and 2022 seasons. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with four replications and five irrigation levels (70; 85; 100; 115 and 130% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc) during three production cycles. The variables fertile bud, vegetative bud, dead bud, potential fertility of the basal, median, and apical regions of the branches, number of potential bunches, reducing sugar, total soluble sugar, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and relative chlorophyll index were evaluated. The 115% ETc irrigation level improved the number of fertile buds and number of potential bunches. Irrigation level above 115% ETc increased gas exchange and relative chlorophyll index, while 70% ETc increased leaf sugar content. The most appropriate irrigation strategy is the application of 115% ETc during the flowering stage, for the increase of fertile buds and potential bunches of the next cycle, without influencing the vine metabolism. Total soluble sugars are a promising indicator of water deficit during flowering and as an indicator of vegetative bud formation for the next cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Welson Lima Simões
- Center for Agricultural Research in the Semi-Arid Tropics, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Petrolina, PE, 56302-970, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo Rodrigues de Melo Chaves
- Center for Agricultural Research in the Semi-Arid Tropics, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Petrolina, PE, 56302-970, Brazil
| | - Jucicléia Soares da Silva
- Center for Agricultural Research in the Semi-Arid Tropics, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Petrolina, PE, 56302-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Gava
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Chapadão do Sul, MS, 79560-000, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Chapadão do Sul, MS, 79560-000, Brazil.
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22
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Liu Y, Hou Y, Yi B, Zhao Y, Bao Y, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Jin P. Exogenous phytosulfokine α alleviates chilling injury of loquat fruit via regulating sugar, proline, polyamine and γ-aminobutyric acid metabolisms. Food Chem 2024; 436:137729. [PMID: 37857197 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest loquat fruit is susceptible to chilling injury (CI) under cold stress. In this study, the effects of phytosulfokine α (PSKα) on sugar, proline, polyamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolisms in loquat fruit during cold storage were investigated. The results showed that PSKα treatment significantly increased PSKα content along with up-regulating EjPSK3 and EjPSK6 expressions, and inhibited the increases of internal browning index, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of loquat fruit. Besides, PSKα treatment maintained higher reducing sugar, proline, polyamines, and GABA contents in loquat fruit via activating biosynthesis pathway and suppressing catabolism pathway. More importantly, the results of correlation analysis indicated that PSKα content displayed positive correlations with reducing sugar, proline, polyamines and GABA contents. These findings suggested that the improved chilling tolerance in PSKα-treated loquat fruit was due to enhancing reducing sugar, proline, polyamines, and GABA contents, which might be modulated by endogenous PSKα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Binghan Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yaqin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yinqiu Bao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhengguo Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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23
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He H, Gao H, Xue X, Ren J, Chen X, Niu B. Variation of sugar compounds in Phoebe chekiangensis seeds during natural desiccation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299669. [PMID: 38452127 PMCID: PMC10919866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of sugar metabolism in desiccation-sensitive seeds, we performed a natural desiccation treatment on Phoebe chekiangensis seeds in a room and systematically analyzed the changes in seed germination, sugar compounds, malondialdehyde, and relative electrical conductivity during the seed desiccation. The results revealed that the initial moisture content of P. chekiangensis seed was very high (37.06%) and the seed was sensitive to desiccation, the germination percentage of the seed decreased to 5.33% when the seed was desiccated to 22.04% of moisture content, therefore, the seeds were considered recalcitrant. Based on the logistic model, we know that the moisture content of the seeds is 29.05% when the germination percentage drops to 50% and that it is desirable to keep the seed moisture content above 31.74% during ambient transportation. During seed desiccation, sucrose and trehalose contents exhibited increasing trends, and raffinose also increased during the late stage of desiccation, however, low levels of the non-reducing sugar accumulations may not prevent the loss of seed viability caused by desiccation. Glucose and fructose predominated among sugar compounds, and they showed a slight increase followed by a significant decrease. Their depletion may have contributed to the accumulation of sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the accumulation of sucrose, trehalose, and soluble sugars, and the reduction in seed viability. Sucrose showed a significant negative correlation with glucose and fructose. Trehalose also exhibited the same pattern of correlation. These results provided additional data and theoretical support for understanding the mechanism of sugar metabolism in seed desiccation sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangpan He
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Handong Gao
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Xue
- College of Criminal Science and Technology, Nanjing Police University, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Evidence Technology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Ren
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqi Chen
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Ben Niu
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
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24
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Li Y, Fu M, Li J, Wu J, Shua Z, Chen T, Yao W, Huai D. Genome-wide identification of SWEET genes reveals their roles during seed development in peanuts. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:259. [PMID: 38454335 PMCID: PMC10921654 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) proteins are highly conserved in various organisms and play crucial roles in sugar transport processes. However, SWEET proteins in peanuts, an essential leguminous crop worldwide, remain lacking in systematic characterization. Here, we identified 94 SWEET genes encoding the conservative MtN3/saliva domains in three peanut species, including 47 in Arachis hypogea, 23 in Arachis duranensis, and 24 in Arachis ipaensis. We observed significant variations in the exon-intron structure of these genes, while the motifs and domain structures remained highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis enabled us to categorize the predicted 286 SWEET proteins from eleven species into seven distinct groups. Whole genome duplication/segment duplication and tandem duplication were the primary mechanisms contributing to the expansion of the total number of SWEET genes. In addition, an investigation of cis-elements in the potential promoter regions and expression profiles across 22 samples uncovered the diverse expression patterns of AhSWEET genes in peanuts. AhSWEET24, with the highest expression level in seeds from A. hypogaea Tifrunner, was observed to be localized on both the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Moreover, qRT-PCR results suggested that twelve seed-expressed AhSWEET genes were important in the regulation of seed development across four different peanut varieties. Together, our results provide a foundational basis for future investigations into the functions of SWEET genes in peanuts, especially in the process of seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Mengjia Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyang Shua
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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25
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Aswathi KN, Shirke A, Praveen A, Murthy PS. Functioning of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in honey coffee (Coffea canephora) and their effect on metabolites, volatiles and flavor profiles. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114092. [PMID: 38395561 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Post-harvesting and microbial activity of coffee play a critical role in the metabolites and the sensory quality of the brew. The pulped natural/honey coffee process is an improvised semi-dry technique consisting of prolonged fermentation of depulped coffee beans excluding washing steps. The starter culture application in coffee industry plays an important role to enhance the cup quality. This work focuses on the fermentation of pulped natural/honey Robusta coffee with a starter culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 173) and the identification of fermentation patterns through 1H NMR, microbial ecology, volatomics and organoleptics of brew. Fermentation was accelerated by yeast populace (10 cfu log/mL) for 192 h. Principal compound analysis performed on 1H NMR led to the investigation of metabolites such as sugars, alkaloids, alcohols, organic acids and amino acids. Detection of some sugars and organic acids represented that the starter cultures imparted few metabolic changes during the process. A major activity of sugars in fermentation with 83.3 % variance in PC 1 and 16.7 % in PC 2 was observed. The chemical characteristics such as carbohydrates (41.88 ± 0.77 mg/g), polyphenols (34.16 ± 0.79 mg/g), proteins (58.54 ± 0.66 mg/g), caffeine (26.54 ± 0.06 mg/g), and CGA (21.83 ± 0.04 mg/g) were also evaluated. The heatmap-based visualization of GC-MS accorded characterization of additional 5 compounds in treated (T) coffee contributing to sweet, fruity and caramelly odor notes compared to untreated (UT). The sensory outlines 72.5 in T and 70.5 in UT scores. Preparation of honey coffee with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the first report, which modulated the flavor and quality of coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Aswathi
- Department of Plantation Products, Spices and Flavor Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ayusha Shirke
- Department of Plantation Products, Spices and Flavor Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Aishwarya Praveen
- Department of Plantation Products, Spices and Flavor Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pushpa S Murthy
- Department of Plantation Products, Spices and Flavor Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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26
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Muhammad I, Khan A, Mustafa AEZMA, Elshikh MS, Shen W. Elucidating the modulatory effect of melatonin on enzyme activity and oxidative stress in wheat: a global meta-analysis. Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14294. [PMID: 38634335 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In our comprehensive meta-analysis, we initially collected 177 publications focusing on the impact of melatonin on wheat. After meticulous screening, 40 published studies were selected, encompassing 558 observations for antioxidant enzymes, 312 for reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 92 for soluble biomolecules (soluble sugar and protein). This analysis revealed significant heterogeneity across studies (I2 > 99% for enzymes, ROS, and soluble biomolecules) and notable publication bias, indicating the complexity and variability in the research field. Melatonin application generally increased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] in wheat, particularly under stress conditions, such as high temperature and heavy-metal exposure. Compared to control, melatonin application increased SOD, POD, CAT, and APX activities by 29.5, 16.96, 35.98, and 171.64%, respectively. Moreover, oxidative stress markers like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased with melatonin by 23.73, 13.64, and 21.91%, respectively, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress. The analysis also highlighted melatonin's role in improving carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defenses. Melatonin showed an overall increase of 12.77% in soluble sugar content, and 22.76% in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity compared to the control. However, the effects varied across different wheat varieties, environmental conditions, and application methods. Our study also uncovered complex relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities and H2O2 levels, indicating a nuanced regulatory role of melatonin in oxidative stress responses. Our meta-analysis demonstrates the significant role of melatonin in increasing wheat resilience to abiotic stressors, potentially through its regulatory impact on antioxidant defense systems and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Son SU, Lee HW, Park JH, Shin KS. Identification of intracellular activation mechanism of rhamnogalacturonan-I type polysaccharide purified from Panax ginseng leaves in macrophages and roles of component sugar chains on activity. J Nat Med 2024; 78:328-341. [PMID: 38153587 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying intracellular signaling pathways in macrophages in relation to the structural features of rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I-type polysaccharide (PGEP-I) purified from Panax ginseng leaves. For this investigation, we used several specific inhibitors and antibodies against mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Furthermore, we investigated the roles of component sugar chains on immunostimulating activity through a sequential enzymatic and chemical degradation steps. We found that PGEP-I effectively induced the phosphorylation of several MAPK- and NF-κB-related proteins, such as p38, cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p65. Particularly, immunocytochemistry analysis confirmed the PGEP-I-induced translocation of p65 into the nucleus. Furthermore, the breakdown of PGEP-I side chains and main chain during sequential enzymatic and chemical degradation reduced the PGEP-I-induced macrophage cytokine secretion activity. IL-6, TNF-α, and NO secreted by macrophages are associated with several signaling pathway proteins such as ERK, JNK, and NF-κB and several PRRs such as dectin-1, CD11b, CD14, TLR2, TLR4, and SR. Thus, these findings suggest that PGEP-I exerts potent macrophage-activating effects, which can be attributed to its typical RG-I structure comprising arabinan, type II arabinogalactan, and rhamnose-galacturonic acid repeating units in the main chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health System, Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.
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Loreto JS, Ferreira SA, de Almeida P, da Rocha JBT, Barbosa NV. Screening for Differentially Expressed Memory Genes on a Diabetes Model Induced by High-Sugar Diet in Drosophila melanogaster: Potential Markers for Memory Deficits. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1225-1236. [PMID: 37698834 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to affect a series of cognitive processes including memory, increasing the risk for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although increasing evidence has supported that both diseases share common features, the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these two disorders remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we used Drosophila melanogaster fed on a high-sugar diet (HSD) to mimic T2DM, and investigate its effects on memory as well as identify potential molecular players associated with the memory deficits induced by HSD. Flies hatched from and reared on HSD for 7 days had a substantial decrease in short-term memory (STM). The screening for memory-related genes using transcriptome data revealed that HSD altered the expression of 33% of memory genes in relation to the control. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a fold change (FC) higher than two, we found five genes, related to synapse and memory trace formation, that could be considered strong candidates to underlie the STM deficits in HSD flies: Abl tyrosine kinase (Abl), bruchpilot (Brp), minibrain (Mnb), shaker (Sh), and gilgamesh (Gish). We also analyzed genes from the dopamine system, one of the most relevant signaling pathways for olfactory memory. Interestingly, the flies fed on HSD presented a decreased expression of the Tyrosine hydroxylase (Ple) and Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) genes, signals of a possible dopamine deficiency. In this work, we present promising biomarkers to investigate molecular networks shared between T2DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sepel Loreto
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Antunes Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmela de Almeida
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Libron JAMA, Putri HH, Bore EK, Chepkoech R, Akagi I, Odama E, Goto K, Tamaru S, Yabuta S, Sakagami JI. Halopriming in the submergence-tolerant rice variety improved the resilience to salinity and combined salinity-submergence at the seedling stage. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108494. [PMID: 38513520 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The role of halopriming in alleviating the detrimental effects of salinity and combined salinity-submergence was evaluated using two rice genotypes, "IR06F148" (anaerobic germination + submergence tolerant [Sub1]) and "Salt-star" (salt tolerant) with contrasting levels of tolerance. Nonprimed seeds and those primed with 1% calcium chloride (CaCl2) were germinated, and the seedlings were exposed to salinity (50 or 100 mM sodium chloride [NaCl]) and submergence (nonsaline or saline water). Salinity substantially inhibited plant height, shoot/root dry mass, and leaf area. Priming improved the resilience to 50 mM NaCl by increasing the chlorophyll content and lowering hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production; and to 100 mM NaCl by increasing the total soluble sugars. However, apparent differences in the responses of primed "Salt-star", such as an increase in the Na+, K+, and Ca2+ levels, indicated that halopriming differentially affected the response to salt based on the salinity tolerance of the variety. Submergence reduced the shoot biomass, chlorophyll, and photosynthetic efficiency to a greater extent in "Salt-star" than in "IR06F148". Priming, especially in "Salt-star", caused a lesser reduction in the chlorophyll (Chl) and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) but increased the total soluble sugars post-submergence, indicating a boost in the photosynthetic efficiency. The responses of the two varieties to submergence depended on their tolerance, and halopriming affected each variety differently. The metabolic and molecular changes induced by halopriming in submergence-tolerant rice may be explored further to understand the underlying mechanisms of improved resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ann Mher Alcances Libron
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Hana Haruna Putri
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Emmanuel Kiprono Bore
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Rael Chepkoech
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Isao Akagi
- Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Emmanuel Odama
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; National Agricultural Research Organization, Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Plot 3, Lugard Avenue P.O. Box 295, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Keita Goto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Tamaru
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Shin Yabuta
- Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Sakagami
- Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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Zhang S, Ghatak A, Mohammadi Bazargani M, Kramml H, Zang F, Gao S, Ramšak Ž, Gruden K, Varshney RK, Jiang D, Chaturvedi P, Weckwerth W. Cell-type proteomic and metabolomic resolution of early and late grain filling stages of wheat endosperm. Plant Biotechnol J 2024; 22:555-571. [PMID: 38050335 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional value of wheat grains, particularly their protein and metabolite composition, is a result of the grain-filling process, especially in the endosperm. Here, we employ laser microdissection (LMD) combined with shotgun proteomics and metabolomics to generate a cell type-specific proteome and metabolome inventory of developing wheat endosperm at the early (15 DAA) and late (26 DAA) grain-filling stages. We identified 1803 proteins and 41 metabolites from four different cell types (aleurone (AL), sub-aleurone (SA), starchy endosperm (SE) and endosperm transfer cells (ETCs). Differentially expressed proteins were detected, 67 in the AL, 31 in the SA, 27 in the SE and 50 in the ETCs between these two-time points. Cell-type accumulation of specific SUT and GLUT transporters, sucrose converting and starch biosynthesis enzymes correlate well with the respective sugar metabolites, suggesting sugar upload and starch accumulation via nucellar projection and ETC at 15 DAA in contrast to the later stage at 26 DAA. Changes in various protein levels between AL, SA and ETC support this metabolic switch from 15 to 26 DAA. The distinct spatial and temporal abundances of proteins and metabolites revealed a contrasting activity of nitrogen assimilation pathways, e.g. for GOGAT, GDH and glutamic acid, in the different cell types from 15 to 26 DAA, which can be correlated with specific protein accumulation in the endosperm. The integration of cell-type specific proteome and metabolome data revealed a complex metabolic interplay of the different cell types and a functional switch during grain development and grain-filling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Kramml
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fujuan Zang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Živa Ramšak
- Department of Systems Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Systems Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Tran THN, Takada R, Krayukhina E, Maruno T, Mii Y, Uchiyama S, Takada S. Soluble Frizzled-related proteins promote exosome-mediated Wnt re-secretion. Commun Biol 2024; 7:254. [PMID: 38429359 PMCID: PMC10907715 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins are thought to be transported in several ways in the extracellular space. For instance, they are known to be carried by exosomes and by Wnt-carrier proteins, such as sFRP proteins. However, little is known about whether and/or how these two transport systems are related. Here, we show that adding sFRP1 or sFRP2, but not sFRP3 or sFRP4, to culture medium containing Wnt3a or Wnt5a increases re-secretion of exosome-loaded Wnt proteins from cells. This effect of sFRP2 is counteracted by heparinase, which removes sugar chains on heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), but is independent of LRP5/6, Wnt co-receptors essential for Wnt signaling. Wnt3a and Wnt5a specifically dimerize with sFRP2 in culture supernatant. Furthermore, a Wnt3a mutant defective in heterodimerization with sFRP2 impairs the ability to increase exosome-mediated Wnt3a re-secretion. Based on these results, we propose that Wnt heterodimerization with its carrier protein, sFRP2, enhances Wnt accumulation at sugar chains on HSPGs on the cell surface, leading to increased endocytosis and exosome-mediated Wnt re-secretion. Our results suggest that the range of action of Wnt ligands is controlled by coordination of different transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hong Nguyen Tran
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Elena Krayukhina
- U-Medico Inc., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Analytical Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-8543, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- U-Medico Inc., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mii
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- PREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- U-Medico Inc., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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Jia L, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Luo W, Nambeesan SU, Li Q, Qiao X, Yang B, Wang L, Zhang S. PbrbZIP15 promotes sugar accumulation in pear via activating the transcription of the glucose isomerase gene PbrXylA1. Plant J 2024; 117:1392-1412. [PMID: 38044792 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The composition and abundance of soluble sugars in mature pear (Pyrus) fruit are important for its acceptance by consumers. However, our understanding of the genes responsible for soluble sugar accumulation remains limited. In this study, a S1-group member of bZIP gene family, PbrbZIP15, was characterized from pear genome through the combined analyses of metabolite and transcriptome data followed by experimental validation. PbrbZIP15, located in nucleus, was found to function in fructose, sucrose, and total soluble sugar accumulation in pear fruit and calli. After analyzing the expression profiles of sugar-metabolism-related genes and the distribution of cis-acting elements in their promoters, the glucose isomerase 1 gene (PbrXylA1), whose corresponding protein catalyzed the isomerization of glucose and fructose in vitro, was identified as a downstream target gene of PbrbZIP15. PbrbZIP15 could directly bind to the G-box element in PbrXylA1 promoter and activate its transcription, as evidenced by chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR, yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and dual-luciferase assay. PbrXylA1, featuring a leucine-rich signal peptide in its N-terminal, was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. It was validated to play a significant role in fructose, sucrose, and total soluble sugar accumulation in pear fruit and calli, which was associated with the upregulated fructose/glucose ratio. Further studies revealed a positive correlation between the sucrose content and the expression levels of several sucrose-biosynthesis-related genes (PbrFRK3/8, PbrSPS1/3/4/8, and PbrSPP1) in PbrbZIP15-/PbrXylA1-transgenic fruit/calli. In conclusion, our results suggest that PbrbZIP15-induced soluble sugar accumulation during pear development is at least partly attributed to the activation of PbrXylA1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Weiqi Luo
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, ARS-USDA, Ft. Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA
- CIPM, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | | | - Qionghou Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Bing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Libin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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Sedzicki J, Ni D, Lehmann F, Stahlberg H, Dehio C. Structure-function analysis of the cyclic β-1,2-glucan synthase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1844. [PMID: 38418509 PMCID: PMC10901819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of complex sugars is a key aspect of microbial biology. Cyclic β-1,2-glucan (CβG) is a circular polysaccharide critical for host interactions of many bacteria, including major pathogens of humans (Brucella) and plants (Agrobacterium). CβG is produced by the cyclic glucan synthase (Cgs), a multi-domain membrane protein. So far, its structure as well as the mechanism underlining the synthesis have not been clarified. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and functional approaches to study Cgs from A. tumefaciens. We determine the structure of this complex protein machinery and clarify key aspects of CβG synthesis, revealing a distinct mechanism that uses a tyrosine-linked oligosaccharide intermediate in cycles of polymerization and processing of the glucan chain. Our research opens possibilities for combating pathogens that rely on polysaccharide virulence factors and may lead to synthetic biology approaches for producing complex cyclic sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongchun Ni
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy (LBEM), IPHYS, SB, EPFL, and Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Frank Lehmann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy (LBEM), IPHYS, SB, EPFL, and Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Dehio
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland.
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Aizezi Y, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Bi Y, Yang Q, Guo G, Zhang H, Guo H, Jiang K, Wang ZY. Structure-based virtual screening identifies small-molecule inhibitors of O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2024; 36:497-509. [PMID: 38124350 PMCID: PMC10896289 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-glycosylation is a nutrient signaling mechanism that plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis across different species. In plants, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC) posttranslationally modify hundreds of intracellular proteins with O-fucose and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, respectively. SPY and SEC play overlapping roles in cellular regulation, and loss of both SPY and SEC causes embryo lethality in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using structure-based virtual screening of chemical libraries followed by in vitro and in planta assays, we identified a SPY O-fucosyltransferase inhibitor (SOFTI). Computational analyses predicted that SOFTI binds to the GDP-fucose-binding pocket of SPY and competitively inhibits GDP-fucose binding. In vitro assays confirmed that SOFTI interacts with SPY and inhibits its O-fucosyltransferase activity. Docking analysis identified additional SOFTI analogs that showed stronger inhibitory activities. SOFTI treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings decreased protein O-fucosylation and elicited phenotypes similar to the spy mutants, including early seed germination, increased root hair density, and defective sugar-dependent growth. In contrast, SOFTI did not visibly affect the spy mutant. Similarly, SOFTI inhibited the sugar-dependent growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. These results demonstrate that SOFTI is a specific SPY O-fucosyltransferase inhibitor that can be used as a chemical tool for functional studies of O-fucosylation and potentially for agricultural management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalikunjiang Aizezi
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hongming Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Guangshuo Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Kaplan NA, Islam KN, Kanis FC, Verderber JR, Wang X, Jones JA, Koffas MAG. Simultaneous glucose and xylose utilization by an Escherichia coli catabolite repression mutant. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0216923. [PMID: 38289128 PMCID: PMC10880614 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02169-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
As advances are made toward the industrial feasibility of mass-producing biofuels and commodity chemicals with sugar-fermenting microbes, high feedstock costs continue to inhibit commercial application. Hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass represents an ideal feedstock for these purposes as it is cheap and prevalent. However, many microbes, including Escherichia coli, struggle to efficiently utilize this mixture of hexose and pentose sugars due to the regulation of the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) system. CCR causes a sequential utilization of sugars, rather than simultaneous utilization, resulting in reduced carbon yield and complex process implications in fed-batch fermentation. A mutant of the gene encoding the cyclic AMP receptor protein, crp*, has been shown to disable CCR and improve the co-utilization of mixed sugar substrates. Here, we present the strain construction and characterization of a site-specific crp* chromosomal mutant in E. coli BL21 star (DE3). The crp* mutant strain demonstrates simultaneous consumption of glucose and xylose, suggesting a deregulated CCR system. The proteomics further showed that glucose was routed to the C5 carbon utilization pathways to support both de novo nucleotide synthesis and energy production in the crp* mutant strain. Metabolite analyses further show that overflow metabolism contributes to the slower growth in the crp* mutant. This highly characterized strain can be particularly beneficial for chemical production by simultaneously utilizing both C5 and C6 substrates from lignocellulosic biomass.IMPORTANCEAs the need for renewable biofuel and biochemical production processes continues to grow, there is an associated need for microbial technology capable of utilizing cheap, widely available, and renewable carbon substrates. This work details the construction and characterization of the first B-lineage Escherichia coli strain with mutated cyclic AMP receptor protein, Crp*, which deregulates the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) system and enables the co-utilization of multiple sugar sources in the growth medium. In this study, we focus our analysis on glucose and xylose utilization as these two sugars are the primary components in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate, a promising renewable carbon feedstock for industrial bioprocesses. This strain is valuable to the field as it enables the use of mixed sugar sources in traditional fed-batch based approaches, whereas the wild-type carbon catabolite repression system leads to biphasic growth and possible buildup of non-preferential sugars, reducing process efficiency at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Kaplan
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Khondokar Nowshin Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fiona C. Kanis
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Jack R. Verderber
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - J. Andrew Jones
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Mattheos A. G. Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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Li D, Yang J, Dai Z, Chen Y, Shao Z, Wang C, Jin X, Wang Y, Feng L. Prohexadione-calcium improves grape quality by regulating endogenous hormones, sugar and acid metabolism and related enzyme activities in grape berries. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:122. [PMID: 38373883 PMCID: PMC10875774 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Prohexadione-Calcium (Pro-Ca) plays key roles in improving fruit quality and yield by regulating various aspects of plant growth. However, the effects of how Pro-Ca regulates the regulation of sugar and acid balance and its impact on the production of volatile aroma substances during fruit growth and development are poorly understood. In this study, the Pro-Ca solutions developed at concentrations of 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg·L-1 were sprayed on the entire "Chardonnay" grape tree 22, 42, 62 and 82 days after initial flowering. The values of endogenous hormones, sugar and acid content, enzyme activities and flavor content were then measured in grapes 45, 65, 85 and 105 days (ripeness stage) after the initial flowering. The results showed that Pro-Ca had significant effects on fruits during development, including reducing ABA content, increasing ZT, GA3 and IAA levels, promoting fruit ripening and enhancing enzymes, which are involved in sugar and acid synthesis. Consequently, these effects led to an increase in sugar and acid content in the berries. Particularly during the ripening phase, the application of 600 mg L-1 Pro-Ca resulted in an increase in soluble sugar content of 11.28% and a significant increase in citric acid and malic acid content of 97.80% and 68.86%, respectively. Additionally, Pro-Ca treatment enhanced both the variety and quantity of aroma compounds present in the berries, with the 600 mg·L-1 Pro-Ca treatment showcasing the most favorable impact on volatile aroma compounds in 'Chardonnay' grapes. The levels of aldehydes, esters, alcohols, phenols, acids, ketones, and terpenes were significantly higher under the 600 mg·L-1 Pro-Ca treatment compared to those of control with 51.46 - 423.85% increase. In conclusion, Pro-Ca can regulate the content of endogenous hormones and the activities of enzymes related to sugar and acid metabolism in fruit, thereby increasing the content of soluble sugar and organic acid in fruit and the diversity and concentration of fruit aroma substances. Among them, foliar spraying 600 mg · L-1 Pro-Ca has the best effect. In the future, we need to further understand the molecular mechanism of Pro-Ca in grape fruit to lay a solid foundation for quality improvement breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jiangshan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Zibo Dai
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhang Shao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Chunheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lidan Feng
- Research and Development Center of Wine Industry in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Sherik M, Eves R, Guo S, Lloyd CJ, Klose KE, Davies PL. Sugar-binding and split domain combinations in repeats-in-toxin adhesins from Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas veronii mediate cell-surface recognition and hemolytic activities. mBio 2024; 15:e0229123. [PMID: 38171003 PMCID: PMC10865825 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02291-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria use repeats-in-toxin adhesins for colonization and biofilm formation. In the cholera agent Vibrio cholerae, flagellar-regulated hemagglutinin A (FrhA) enables these functions. Using bioinformatic analysis, a sugar-binding domain was identified in FrhA adjacent to a domain of unknown function. AlphaFold2 indicated the boundaries of both domains to be slightly shorter than previously predicted and assisted in the recognition of the unknown domain as a split immunoglobulin-like fold that can assist in projecting the sugar-binding domain toward its target. The AlphaFold2-predicted structure is in excellent agreement with the molecular envelope obtained from small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of a recombinant construct spanning the sugar-binding and unknown domains. This two-domain construct was probed by glycan micro-array screening and showed binding to mammalian fucosylated glycans, some of which are characteristic erythrocyte markers and intestinal cell epitopes. Isothermal titration calorimetry further showed the construct-bound l-fucose with a Kd of 21 µM. Strikingly, this recombinant protein construct bound and lysed erythrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, and its hemolytic activity was blocked by the addition of l-fucose. A protein ortholog construct from Aeromonas veronii was also produced and showed a similar glycan-binding pattern, binding affinity, erythrocyte-binding, and hemolytic activities. As demonstrated here with Hep-2 cells, fucose-based inhibitors of this sugar-binding domain can potentially be developed to block colonization by V. cholerae and other pathogenic bacteria that share this adhesin domain.IMPORTANCEThe bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera, uses an adhesion protein to stick to human cells and begin the infection process. One part of this adhesin protein binds to a particular sugar, fucose, on the surface of the target cells. This binding can lead to colonization and killing of the cells by the bacteria. Adding l-fucose to the bacteria before they bind to the human cells can prevent attachment and has promise as a preventative drug to protect against cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sherik
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Eves
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuaiqi Guo
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron J. Lloyd
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Karl E. Klose
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Peter L. Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Meulders B, Marei WFA, Xhonneux I, Loier L, Smits A, Leroy JLMR. Preconception Diet Interventions in Obese Outbred Mice and the Impact on Female Offspring Metabolic Health and Oocyte Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2236. [PMID: 38396912 PMCID: PMC10888670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals often suffer from metabolic health disorders and reduced oocyte quality. Preconception diet interventions in obese outbred mice restore metabolic health and oocyte quality and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Also, studies in inbred mice have shown that maternal obesity induces metabolic alterations and reduces oocyte quality in offspring (F1). Until now, the effect of maternal high-fat diet on F1 metabolic health and oocyte quality and the potential beneficial effects of preconception dietary interventions have not been studied together in outbred mice. Therefore, we fed female mice a high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) diet for 7 weeks and switched them to a control (CONT) or caloric-restriction (CR) diet or maintained them on the HF/HS diet for 4 weeks before mating, resulting in three treatment groups: diet normalization (DN), CR, and HF/HS. In the fourth group, mice were fed CONT diet for 11 weeks (CONT). HF/HS mice were fed an HF/HS diet from conception until weaning, while all other groups were then fed a CONT diet. After weaning, offspring were kept on chow diet and sacrificed at 11 weeks. We observed significantly elevated serum insulin concentrations in female HF/HS offspring and a slightly increased percentage of mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities, mitochondrial size, and mitochondrial mean gray intensity in HF/HS F1 oocytes. Also, global DNA methylation was increased and cellular stress-related proteins were downregulated in HF/HS F1 oocytes. Mostly, these alterations were prevented in the DN group, while, in CR, this was only the case for a few parameters. In conclusion, this research has demonstrated for the first time that a maternal high-fat diet in outbred mice has a moderate impact on female F1 metabolic health and oocyte quality and that preconception DN is a better strategy to alleviate this compared to CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Meulders
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.M.); (W.F.A.M.); (I.X.); (L.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Waleed F. A. Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.M.); (W.F.A.M.); (I.X.); (L.L.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Theriogenology, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Inne Xhonneux
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.M.); (W.F.A.M.); (I.X.); (L.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Lien Loier
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.M.); (W.F.A.M.); (I.X.); (L.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Anouk Smits
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.M.); (W.F.A.M.); (I.X.); (L.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Jo L. M. R. Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.M.); (W.F.A.M.); (I.X.); (L.L.); (A.S.)
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Petereit J, Lannig G, Baßmann B, Bock C, Buck BH. Circadian rhythm in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): daily variation of blood metabolites in recirculating aquaculture systems. Metabolomics 2024; 20:23. [PMID: 38347335 PMCID: PMC10861666 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Animal welfare in aquaculture is becoming increasingly important, and detailed knowledge of the species concerned is essential for further optimization on farms. Every organism is controlled by an internal clock, the circadian rhythm, which is crucial for metabolic processes and is partially influenced by abiotic factors, making it important for aquaculture practices. OBJECTIVE In order to determine the circadian rhythm of adult turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), blood samples were collected over a 24-h period and plasma metabolite profiles were analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. METHODS The fish were habituated to feeding times at 9 am and 3 pm and with the NMR spectroscopy 46 metabolites could be identified, eight of which appeared to shift throughout the day. RESULTS We noted exceptionally high values around 3 pm for the amino acids isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, lysine, and the stress indicator lactate. These metabolic peaks were interpreted as either habituation to the usual feeding time or as natural peak levels in turbot in a 24-h circle because other indicators for stress (glucose, cortisol and lysozymes) showed a stable baseline, indicating that the animals had no or very little stress during the experimental period. CONCLUSION This study provides initial insights into the diurnal variation of metabolites in adult turbot; however, further studies are needed to confirm present findings of possible fluctuations in amino acids and sugars. Implementing optimized feeding times (with high levels of sugars and low levels of stress metabolites) could lead to less stress, fewer disease outbreaks and overall improved fish welfare in aquaculture facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Petereit
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Justus-Von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - G Lannig
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - B Baßmann
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Justus-Von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - C Bock
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - B H Buck
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, An Der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Chen G, Lian W, Geng A, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang X. pOsHAK1:OsSUT1 Promotes Sugar Transport and Enhances Drought Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2158. [PMID: 38396836 PMCID: PMC10889344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant cells accumulate osmotic substances (e.g., sugar) to protect cell components and maintain osmotic balance under drought stress conditions. Previous studies found that pOsHAK1:OsFLN2 promotes sugar metabolism and improves the drought tolerance of rice plants under drought stress. This study further evaluated the effect of the ectopic expression of the OsSUT1 gene driven by the OsHAK1 promoter on the sugar transport and drought tolerance of rice. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate and sucrose phosphate synthase activity of plants expressing the OsSUT1 gene were not significantly different from those of wild-type (WT) rice plants under drought conditions. However, the sucrose transport rate in the phloem increased in the transgenic plants, and the sucrose contents were significantly lower in the leaves but significantly higher in the roots of transgenic plants than those in WT plants. The pOsHAK1:OsSUT1 and pOsHAK1:OsFLN2 transgenic lines had similar rates of long-distance sucrose transport and drought tolerance, which were higher than those of the WT plants. The relative water content of the transgenic plants was higher, while their water loss rate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were lower than those of the WT plants. The stress-responsive gene OsbZIP23 and the antioxidant-related gene OsCATB were significantly upregulated in the drought-treated transgenic lines, while the senescence indicator gene SGR and the stress-responsive gene OsNAC2 were down-regulated compared to WT plants. These results showed that promoting the long-distance sugar transport through the expression of pOsHAK1:OsSUT1 could produce an improved drought tolerance effect similar to that of pOsHAK1:OsFLN2, providing an effective way to improve the drought tolerance of cereal crops at the seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenli Lian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Anjing Geng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Mu Y, Shi L, Tian H, Tian H, Zhang J, Zhao F, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Geng G. Characterization and transformation of TtMYB1 transcription factor from Tritipyrum to improve salt tolerance in wheat. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:163. [PMID: 38336658 PMCID: PMC10854188 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a worldwide cereal crop, which is an integral part of the diets of many countries. In addition, the MYB gene of wheat plays a role in the response to salt stress. RESULTS "Y1805" is a Tritipyrum variety that is relatively tolerant to salt. We used transcriptome analysis to show that the "Y1805" MYB gene was both highly expressed and sensitive to salt stress. Compared with control roots, the level of MYB expression during salt stress was higher, which rapidly decreased to control levels during the recovery process. MYB gene relative expression showed the highest levels in "Y1805" roots during salt stress, with the stems and then leaves being the next highest stressed tissues. The novel MYB gene (TtMYB1) was successfully cloned from "Y1805". It showed a coding sequence length of 783 bp with 95.79% homology with Tel2E01G633100 from Thinopyrum elongatum. TtMYB1 and MYB from Th. elongatum were clustered in the same branch using phylogenetic analysis, which indicated high similarities. The TtMYB1 gene is located in the nucleus. The coleoptile method was employed when a TtMYB1 overexpression vector was used during transformation into "1718" (common wheat). Under high salt stress, TtMYB1 leaves of overexpression lines had decreased wilting, when compared with wild-type (WT) plants. During normal conditions, salt stress, and recovery, the lengths of the roots and the heights of seedlings from the overexpression lines were found to be significantly greater than roots and seedlings of WT plants. In addition, during high salt stress, the overexpression lines showed that proline and soluble sugar levels were higher than that of WT plants, but with lower malondialdehyde levels. Forty-three proteins that interacted with TtMYB1 were identified using the yeast two-hybrid assay. Protein-protein interaction analyses indicated that most were SANT domain-containing and Wd repeat region domain-containing proteins. Among these proteins, ribosomal proteins were the main node. Abiotic stress-related terms (such as "carbonate dehydratase activity", "protein targeting peroxisomes", and "glutathione peroxidase activity") were enriched in GO analysis. In KEGG analysis, "carbohydrate metabolism", "environmental information processing", "genetic information processing", "signaling and cell precursors", and "energy metabolism" pathways were enriched. CONCLUSION The TtMYB1 gene might enhance salt tolerance by increasing proline and soluble sugar content and antioxidase activity in transgenic wheat. It therefore has the potential to enhance high salt tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Mu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Luxi Shi
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Huan Tian
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Huaizhi Tian
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Zunyi Acadamy of Agricultural Sciences, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jv Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qingqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Suqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Guangdong Geng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Yu J, Yang J, Dai S, Xie N, Tang Y, Pi S, Zhu M. PpAmy1 Plays a Role in Fruit-Cracking by Regulating Mesocarp Starch Hydrolysis of Nectarines. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:2667-2677. [PMID: 38287914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var.] fruits are highly susceptible to cracking during the ripening process, which significantly decreases their commercial value. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of nectarine fruit-cracking using two nectarine varieties, namely, "Qiannianhong" (cracking-susceptible) and "CR1012" (cracking-resistant). Our findings indicate that nectarine fruit-cracking occurs during the second stage of fruit expansion. Despite no differences in epicarp cell size between "Qiannianhong" and "CR1012", the mesocarp cells of "Qiannianhong" were larger than those of "CR1012". Moreover, a comparison of starch hydrolysis between the two varieties revealed that "CR1012" had higher starch content in the mesocarp but lower soluble sugar content compared to "Qiannianhong". Additionally, by testing the α-amylase and β-amylase activity of the mesocarp, our results showed a difference only in α-amylase activity between the two varieties. Furthermore, qRT-PCR detection indicated a higher expression level of the PpAmy1 (α-amylase synthesis gene) in "Qiannianhong" compared to "CR1012". To further investigate the role of PpAmy1, we employed RNAi technology to suppress its expression in "Qiannianhong" fruits. The results showed a significant reduction in α-amylase activity, starch hydrolysis, soluble sugar content, cell size of the mesocarp, and fruit-cracking. These findings underscore the pivotal role of PpAmy1 in the occurrence of nectarine fruit cracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiangheng Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Shuoyue Dai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Ningzhen Xie
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Yuenan Tang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Shuiqin Pi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Mingtao Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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McDougle M, de Araujo A, Singh A, Yang M, Braga I, Paille V, Mendez-Hernandez R, Vergara M, Woodie LN, Gour A, Sharma A, Urs N, Warren B, de Lartigue G. Separate gut-brain circuits for fat and sugar reinforcement combine to promote overeating. Cell Metab 2024; 36:393-407.e7. [PMID: 38242133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Food is a powerful natural reinforcer that guides feeding decisions. The vagus nerve conveys internal sensory information from the gut to the brain about nutritional value; however, the cellular and molecular basis of macronutrient-specific reward circuits is poorly understood. Here, we monitor in vivo calcium dynamics to provide direct evidence of independent vagal sensing pathways for the detection of dietary fats and sugars. Using activity-dependent genetic capture of vagal neurons activated in response to gut infusions of nutrients, we demonstrate the existence of separate gut-brain circuits for fat and sugar sensing that are necessary and sufficient for nutrient-specific reinforcement. Even when controlling for calories, combined activation of fat and sugar circuits increases nigrostriatal dopamine release and overeating compared with fat or sugar alone. This work provides new insights into the complex sensory circuitry that mediates motivated behavior and suggests that a subconscious internal drive to consume obesogenic diets (e.g., those high in both fat and sugar) may impede conscious dieting efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McDougle
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alan de Araujo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingxin Yang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isadora Braga
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vincent Paille
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; UMR1280 Physiopathologie des adaptations nutritionnelles, INRAE, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Rebeca Mendez-Hernandez
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Macarena Vergara
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren N Woodie
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhishek Gour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikhil Urs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brandon Warren
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Zhu L, Liao Y, Lin K, Wu W, Duan L, Wang P, Xiao X, Zhang T, Chen X, Wang J, Ye K, Hu H, Xu ZF, Ni J. Cytokinin promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis via regulating sugar accumulation and MYB113 expression in Eucalyptus. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpad154. [PMID: 38123502 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid-like substances that play important roles in plants' adaptation to various environmental stresses. In this research, we discovered that cytokinin (CK) alone could effectively induce the anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus and many other perennial woody plant species, but not in tobacco and Arabidopsis, suggesting a diverse role of CK in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in different species. Transcriptomic and metabolomic strategies were used to further clarify the specific role of CK in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus. The results showed that 801 and 2241 genes were differentially regulated at 6 and 24 h, respectively, after CK treatment. Pathway analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were categorized into pathways related to cellular metabolism or transport of metabolites, including amino acids and sugars. The metabolomic results well supported the transcriptome data, which showed that most of the differentially regulated metabolites were related to the metabolism of sugar, amino acids and flavonoids. Moreover, CK treatment significantly induced the accumulation of sucrose in the CK-treated leaves, while sugar starvation mimicked by either defoliation or shading treatment of the basal leaves significantly reduced the sugar increase of the CK-treated leaves and thus inhibited CK-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. The results of in vitro experiment also suggested that CK-induced anthocyanin in Eucalyptus was sugar-dependent. Furthermore, we identified an early CK-responsive transcription factor MYB113 in Eucalyptus, the expression of which was significantly upregulated by CK treatment in Eucalyptus, but was inhibited in Arabidopsis. Importantly, the overexpression of EgrMYB113 in the Eucalyptus hairy roots was associated with significant anthocyanin accumulation and upregulation of most of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a key role of CK in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus, providing a molecular basis for further understanding the regulatory mechanism and diversity of hormone-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuwu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lanjuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Dongmen Forest Farm, Chongzuo 532108, China
| | - Kaiqin Ye
- Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Fu ZW, Li JH, Gao X, Wang SJ, Yuan TT, Lu YT. Pathogen-induced methylglyoxal negatively regulates rice bacterial blight resistance by inhibiting OsCDR1 protease activity. Mol Plant 2024; 17:325-341. [PMID: 38178576 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight (BB), a globally devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa) that is responsible for significant crop loss. Sugars and sugar metabolites are important for pathogen infection, providing energy and regulating events associated with defense responses; however, the mechanisms by which they regulate such events in BB are unclear. As an inevitable sugar metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG) is involved in plant growth and responses to various abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Whether and how MG functions in plant biotic stress responses is almost completely unknown. Here, we report that the Xoo strain PXO99 induces OsWRKY62.1 to repress transcription of OsGLY II genes by directly binding to their promoters, resulting in overaccumulation of MG. MG negatively regulates rice resistance against PXO99: osglyII2 mutants with higher MG levels are more susceptible to the pathogen, whereas OsGLYII2-overexpressing plants with lower MG content show greater resistance than the wild type. Overexpression of OsGLYII2 to prevent excessive MG accumulation confers broad-spectrum resistance against the biotrophic bacterial pathogens Xoo and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, which causes rice sheath blight. Further evidence shows that MG reduces rice resistance against PXO99 through CONSTITUTIVE DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (OsCDR1). MG modifies the Arg97 residue of OsCDR1 to inhibit its aspartic protease activity, which is essential for OsCDR1-enhanced immunity. Taken together, these findings illustrate how Xoo promotes infection by hijacking a sugar metabolite in the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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El-Shabasy RM, F Eissa T, Emam Y, Zayed A, Fayek N, Farag MA. Valorization potential of Egyptian mango kernel waste product as analyzed via GC/MS metabolites profiling from different cultivars and geographical origins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2886. [PMID: 38311611 PMCID: PMC10838926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been given to mango (Mangifera indica) fruits owing to their characteristic taste, and rich nutritional value. Mango kernels are typically discarded as a major waste product in mango industry, though of potential economic value. The present study aims to outline the first comparison of different mango kernel cvs. originated from different localities alongside Egypt, e.g., Sharqia, Suez, Ismailia, and Giza. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) post silylation analysis revealed that sugars were the major class being detected at 3.5-290.9 µg/mg, with some kernels originating from Sharqia province being the richest amongst other cvs. In consistency with sugar results, sugar alcohols predominated in Sharqia cvs. at 1.3-38.1 µg/mg represented by ribitol, iditol, pinitol, and myo-inositol. No major variation was observed in the fatty acids profile either based on cv. type or localities, with butyl caprylate as a major component in most cvs. identified for the first time in mango. Regarding phenolics, Sedeeq cv. represented the highest level at 18.3 µg/mg and showing distinct variation among cvs. posing phenolics as better classification markers than sugars. Multivariate data analyses (MVA) confirmed that the premium cvs "Aweis and Fons" were less enriched in sugars, i.e., fructose, talose, and glucose compared to the other cvs. Moreover, MVA of Zabdeya cv. collected from three localities revealed clear segregation to be chemically distinct. Sharqia originated mango kernels were rich in sugars (e.g., glucose and fructose), whilst sarcosine esters predominated in other origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan M El-Shabasy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32512, Egypt
| | - Tarek F Eissa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Yossef Emam
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Nesrin Fayek
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kamaei R, Kafi M, Afshari RT, Shafaroudi SM, Nabati J. Physiological and molecular changes of onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds under different aging conditions. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:85. [PMID: 38308226 PMCID: PMC10837900 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onion seeds have limited storage capacity compared to other vegetable seeds. It is crucial to identify the mechanisms that induce tolerance to storage conditions and reduce seed deterioration. To address this goal, an experiment was conducted to evaluate changes in germination, biochemical, physiological, and molecular characteristics of onion seed landraces (Horand, Kazerun landraces and Zargan cultivar) at different aging levels (control, three-days and six-days accelerated aging, and natural aging for one year). RESULTS The findings suggest that there was an increase in glucose, fructose, total sugar, and electrolyte leakage in the Horand (HOR), Kazerun (KAZ) landraces, and Zarghan (ZAR) cultivar, with Kazerun exhibiting the greatest increase. The percentage and rate of germination of Kazerun decreased by 54% and 33%, respectively, in six-day accelerated aging compared to the control, while it decreased by 12% and 14%, respectively, in Horand. Protein content decreased with increasing levels of aging, with a decrease of 26% in Kazerun landrace at six days of aging, while it was 16% in Horand landrace. The antioxidant activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased more intensively in Kazerun. The expression of AMY1, BMY1, CTR1, and NPR1 genes were lower in Kazerun landraces than in Horand and Zargan at different aging levels. CONCLUSIONS The AMY1, BMY1, CTR1, and NPR1 genes play a pivotal role in onion seed germination, and their downregulation under stressful conditions has been shown to decrease germination rates. In addition, the activity of CAT, SOD, and GPx enzymes decreased by seed aging, and the amount of glucose, fructose, total sugar and electrolyte leakage increased, which ultimately led to seed deterioration. Based on the results of this experiment, it is recommended to conduct further studies into the molecular aspects involved in onion seed deterioration. More research on the genes related to this process is suggested, as well as investigating the impact of different priming treatments on the genes expression involved in the onion seed aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Kamaei
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kafi
- Department of Agrotechnonogy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | | | - Jafar Nabati
- Department of Agrotechnonogy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Tyibilika V, Setati ME, Bloem A, Divol B, Camarasa C. Differences in the management of intracellular redox state between wine yeast species dictate their fermentation performances and metabolite production. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 411:110537. [PMID: 38150773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of the balance between oxidised and reduced redox cofactors is essential for the functioning of many cellular processes in all living organisms. While the electron transport chain plays a key role in maintaining this balance under respiratory conditions, its inactivity in the absence of oxygen poses a challenge that yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae overcome through the production of various metabolic end-products during alcoholic fermentation. In this study, we investigated the diversity occurring between wine yeast species in their management of redox balance and its consequences on the fermentation performances and the formation of metabolites. To this aim, we quantified the changes in NAD(H) and NADP(H) concentrations and redox status throughout the fermentation of 6 wine yeast species. While the availability of NADP and NADPH remained balanced and stable throughout the process for all the strains, important differences between species were observed in the dynamics of NAD and NADH intracellular pools. A comparative analysis of these data with the fermentation capacity and metabolic profiles of the strains revealed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Lachancea thermotolerans strains were able to reoxidise NADH to NAD throughout the fermentation, mainly by the formation of glycerol. These species exhibited good fermentation capacities. Conversely, Starmerella bacillaris and Metschnikowia pulcherrima species were unable to regenerate NAD as early as one third of sugars were consumed, explaining at least in part their poor growth and fermentation performances. The Kluyveromyces marxianus strain exhibited a specific behaviour, by maintaining similar levels of NAD and NADH throughout the process. This balance between oxidised and reduced redox cofactors ensured the consumption of a large part of sugars by this species, despite a low fermentation rate. In addition, the dynamics of redox cofactors affected the production of by-products by the various strains either directly or indirectly, through the formation of precursors. Major examples are the increased formation of glycerol by S. bacillaris and M. pulcherrima strains, as a way of trying to reoxidise NADH, and the greater capacity to produce acetate and derived metabolites of yeasts capable of maintaining their redox balance. Overall, this study provided new insight into the contribution of the management of redox status to the orientation of yeast metabolism during fermentation. This information should be taken into account when developing strategies for more efficient and effective fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viwe Tyibilika
- UMR SPO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Mathabatha E Setati
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Audrey Bloem
- UMR SPO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Divol
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Carole Camarasa
- UMR SPO, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Li M, Li H, Zhu Q, Liu D, Li Z, Chen H, Luo J, Gong P, Ismail AM, Zhang Z. Knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield by improving tiller number due to increased sugar content in the shoot base of rice (Oryza sativa L.). New Phytol 2024; 241:1250-1265. [PMID: 38009305 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transporter proteins (STPs) play critical roles in regulating plant stress tolerance, growth, and development. However, the role of STPs in regulating crop yield is poorly understood. This study elucidates the mechanism by which knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield via increasing the tiller number in rice. We found that OsSTP15 is specifically expressed in the shoot base and vascular bundle sheath of seedlings and encodes a plasma membrane-localized high-affinity glucose efflux transporter. OsSTP15 knockout enhanced sucrose and trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) synthesis in leaves and improved sucrose transport to the shoot base by inducing the expression of sucrose transporters. Higher glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P contents were observed at the shoot base of stp15 plants. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of the shoot base demonstrated that OsSTP15 knockout upregulated the expression of cytokinin (CK) synthesis- and signaling pathway-related genes and increased CK levels. These findings suggest that OsSTP15 knockout represses glucose export from the cytoplasm and simultaneously enhances sugar transport from source leaves to the shoot base by promoting the synthesis of sucrose and Tre6P in leaves. Subsequent accumulation of glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P in the shoot base promotes tillering by stimulating the CK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Li
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongye Li
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qidong Zhu
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jinsong Luo
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Pan Gong
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Abdelbagi M Ismail
- Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, 1301, Philippines
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hongqi Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
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Jomnonkhaow U, Plangklang P, Reungsang A, Peng CY, Chu CY. Valorization of spent coffee grounds through integrated bioprocess of fermentable sugars, volatile fatty acids, yeast-based single-cell protein and biofuels production. Bioresour Technol 2024; 393:130107. [PMID: 38016585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Recovering nutrients from waste for biological processes aligns with sustainability principles. This study aimed to convert spent coffee grounds (SCG) into valuable products, including fermentable sugars, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), yeast-based single-cell protein and biofuels. Alkaline pretreatment was conducted before enzymatic hydrolysis, in which the pretreated SCG was hydrolyzed with varying enzyme loadings (20-60 filter paper units (FPU)/g-solid) and solid loadings (3-15 % w/v). The hydrolyzed slurry was utilized for VFAs and hydrogen production, yielding high values of 0.66 g/g-volatile solids (VS) and 109 mL/g-VS, respectively, using an enzyme loading of 50 FPU/g-solid and a solid loading of 3 % (w/v). The derived VFAs were used to cultivate a newly isolated yeast, Candida maltosa KKU-ARY2, resulting in an accumulated protein content of 43.7 % and a biomass concentration of 4.6 g/L. This study highlights the conversion of SCG into essential components, emphasizing the benefits of waste utilization through cascade bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umarin Jomnonkhaow
- Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pensri Plangklang
- Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
| | - Chi-Yen Peng
- Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; Institute of Green Products, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yeon Chu
- Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; Institute of Green Products, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
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