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Nixon LJ, Douglas M, Ibrahim A, Jones S, Piñero JC, Leskey TC. Effects of nonnutritive sugar inclusion in laboratory diets and attracticidal spheres on survivorship and mobility of 2 Dipteran species, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). J Econ Entomol 2024; 117:595-600. [PMID: 38266274 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Native apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, and invasive spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, are key pests of apple and small fruit, respectively, in the United States. Both species are typically managed with standard insecticide applications. However, interest in alternative strategies that result in insecticide reductions has led to evaluations of nonnutritive sugars as toxicants for Drosophila species and development of attracticidal spheres for both species. Here, we evaluated the survivorship of R. pomonella and D. suzukii when provided with standard diets that substituted saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, erythritol, dextrose, or mannitol for the sucrose component and compared them with standard diets and water-only controls for up to 15 days. Presence of erythritol and mannitol significantly decreased survivorship of R. pomonella and erythritol significantly decreased the survivorship of D. suzukii. However, mobility trials following a 2 h exposure to aqueous solutions of each sugar treatment resulted in no strong impact on either species. Survivorship after 30 min exposure to erythritol or mannitol alone, or in combination with varying concentrations of sucrose (serving as a phagostimulant) at 30 min and 24 h were evaluated for both species. Only D. suzukii survivorship was affected with decreased survivorship on erythritol:sucrose solutions of 20:0% and 15:5% for 24 h. Based on all results, erythritol appeared most promising, and was integrated into attracticidal spheres as a toxicant but even at the highest concentration, survivorship remained unaffected for either species, thus making this nonnutritive sugar impractical and ineffective as a toxicant substitute in attracticidal spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Nixon
- U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Services, USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Morgan Douglas
- U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Services, USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Aya Ibrahim
- Department of Sustainable Agroecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Sharon Jones
- U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Services, USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Jaime C Piñero
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Stockbridge School of Agriculture, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Tracy C Leskey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Services, USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
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Gibbons C, Beaulieu K, Almiron-Roig E, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez JA, O'Hara B, O'Connor D, Nazare JA, Le Bail A, Rannou C, Hardman C, Wilton M, Kjølbæk L, Scott C, Moshoyiannis H, Raben A, Harrold JA, Halford JCG, Finlayson G. Acute and two-week effects of neotame, stevia rebaudioside M and sucrose-sweetened biscuits on postprandial appetite and endocrine response in adults with overweight/obesity-a randomised crossover trial from the SWEET consortium. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105005. [PMID: 38553262 PMCID: PMC11026940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SE) are used to replace energy yielding sugars and maintain sweet taste in a wide range of products, but controversy exists about their effects on appetite and endocrine responses in reduced or no added sugar solid foods. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the acute (1 day) and repeated (two-week daily) ingestive effects of 2 S&SE vs. sucrose formulations of biscuit with fruit filling on appetite and endocrine responses in adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS In a randomised crossover trial, 53 healthy adults (33 female, 20 male) with overweight/obesity in England and France consumed biscuits with fruit filling containing 1) sucrose, or reformulated with either 2) Stevia Rebaudioside M (StRebM) or 3) Neotame daily during three, two-week intervention periods with a two-week washout. The primary outcome was composite appetite score defined as [desire to eat + hunger + (100 - fullness) + prospective consumption]/4. FINDINGS Each formulation elicited a similar reduction in appetite sensations (3-h postprandial net iAUC). Postprandial insulin (2-h iAUC) was lower after Neotame (95% CI (0.093, 0.166); p < 0.001; d = -0.71) and StRebM (95% CI (0.133, 0.205); p < 0.001; d = -1.01) compared to sucrose, and glucose was lower after StRebM (95% CI (0.023, 0.171); p < 0.05; d = -0.39) but not after Neotame (95% CI (-0.007, 0.145); p = 0.074; d = -0.25) compared to sucrose. There were no differences between S&SE or sucrose formulations on ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 or pancreatic polypeptide iAUCs. No clinically meaningful differences between acute vs. two-weeks of daily consumption were found. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, biscuits reformulated to replace sugar using StRebM or Neotame showed no differences in appetite or endocrine responses, acutely or after a two-week exposure, but can reduce postprandial insulin and glucose response in adults with overweight or obesity. FUNDING The present study was funded by the Horizon 2020 program: Sweeteners and sweetness enhancers: Impact on health, obesity, safety and sustainability (acronym: SWEET, grant no: 774293).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gibbons
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Eva Almiron-Roig
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beverley O'Hara
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Dominic O'Connor
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Human Nutrition Research Center Rhône-Alpes, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, France
| | | | | | - Charlotte Hardman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Moon Wilton
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Corey Scott
- Core Research and Development, Cargill, Inc, USA
| | | | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joanne A Harrold
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Jason C G Halford
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
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Tang S, Dong X, Ma Y, Zhou H, He Y, Ren D, Li X, Cai Y, Wang Q, Wu L. Highly crystalline cellulose microparticles from dealginated seaweed waste ameliorate high fat-sugar diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice by modulating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130485. [PMID: 38423434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The effects of seaweed cellulose (SC) on high fat-sugar diet (HFSD)-induced glucolipid metabolism disorders in mice and potential mechanisms were investigated. SC was isolated from dealginated residues of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), with a crystallinity index of 85.51 % and an average particle size of 678.2 nm. Administering SC to C57BL/6 mice at 250 or 500 mg/kg BW/day via intragastric gavage for six weeks apparently inhibited the development of HFSD-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and liver damage. Notably, SC intervention partially restored the structure and composition of the gut microbiota altered by the HFSD, substantially lowering the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, and greatly increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Oscillospira, Bacteroides and Akkermansia, which contributed to improved short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Supplementing with a higher dose of SC led to more significant increases in total SCFA (67.57 %), acetate (64.56 %), propionate (73.52 %) and butyrate (66.23 %) concentrations in the rectal contents of HFSD-fed mice. The results indicated that highly crystalline SC microparticles could modulate gut microbiota dysbiosis and ameliorate HFSD-induced obesity and related metabolic syndrome in mice. Furthermore, particle size might have crucial impact on the prebiotic effects of cellulose as insoluble dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuyu Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yueyun Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yunhai He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Dandan Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yidi Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiukuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Long Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Labaran AN, Zango ZU, Tailor G, Alsadig A, Usman F, Mukhtar MT, Garba AM, Alhathlool R, Ibnaouf KH, Aldaghri OA. Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using Alstonia scholaris leaves and its antimicrobial studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5589. [PMID: 38453990 PMCID: PMC10920664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of plants for the production of metallic nanoparticles is gaining significant attention in research. In this study, we conducted phytochemical screening of Alstonia scholaris (A. scholaris) leaves extracts using various solvents, including chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol, and water. Our findings revealed higher proportions of flavonoids and alkaloids in both solvents compared to other phytochemical species. In the methanol, extract proteins, anthraquinone and reducing sugar were not detected. On the other hand, the aqueous extract demonstrated the presence of amino acids, reducing sugar, phenolic compounds, anthraquinone, and saponins. Notably, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts displayed the highest levels of bioactive compounds among all solvents. Intrigued by these results, we proceeded to investigate the antibacterial properties of the leaf extracts against two major bacterial strains, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). All extracts exhibited significant zones of inhibition against both bacterial isolates, with S. aureus showing higher susceptibility compared to E. coli. Notably, the methanol extract displayed the most potent I hibitory effect against all organisms. Inspired by the bioactivity of the methanol extract, we employed it as a plant-based material for the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs). The synthesized Cu-NPs were characterized using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible spectroscopic analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observed color changes confirmed the successful formation of Cu-NPs, while the FTIR analysis matched previously reported peaks, further verifying the synthesis. The SEM micrographs indicated the irregular shapes of the surface particles. From the result obtained by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis, Cu has the highest relative abundance of 67.41 wt%. Confirming the purity of the Cu-NPs colloid. These findings contribute to the growing field of eco-friendly nanotechnology and emphasize the significance of plant-mediated approaches in nanomaterial synthesis and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nasir Labaran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, 312901, India
| | - Zakariyya Uba Zango
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University, Katsina, Nigeria.
| | - Giriraj Tailor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, 312901, India
| | - Ahmed Alsadig
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Fahad Usman
- Engineering Unit, Department of Mathematics, Connecticut State Community College Norwalk, Connecticut State Colleges and Universities (CSCU), Hartford, USA
| | - Muhammad Tukur Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, 312901, India
| | - Alhassan Muhammad Garba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, 312901, India
| | - Raed Alhathlool
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah A Aldaghri
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 13318, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Son SU, Lee HW, Park JH, Shin KS. Identification of intracellular activation mechanism of rhamnogalacturonan-I type polysaccharide purified from Panax ginseng leaves in macrophages and roles of component sugar chains on activity. J Nat Med 2024; 78:328-341. [PMID: 38153587 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying intracellular signaling pathways in macrophages in relation to the structural features of rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I-type polysaccharide (PGEP-I) purified from Panax ginseng leaves. For this investigation, we used several specific inhibitors and antibodies against mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Furthermore, we investigated the roles of component sugar chains on immunostimulating activity through a sequential enzymatic and chemical degradation steps. We found that PGEP-I effectively induced the phosphorylation of several MAPK- and NF-κB-related proteins, such as p38, cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p65. Particularly, immunocytochemistry analysis confirmed the PGEP-I-induced translocation of p65 into the nucleus. Furthermore, the breakdown of PGEP-I side chains and main chain during sequential enzymatic and chemical degradation reduced the PGEP-I-induced macrophage cytokine secretion activity. IL-6, TNF-α, and NO secreted by macrophages are associated with several signaling pathway proteins such as ERK, JNK, and NF-κB and several PRRs such as dectin-1, CD11b, CD14, TLR2, TLR4, and SR. Thus, these findings suggest that PGEP-I exerts potent macrophage-activating effects, which can be attributed to its typical RG-I structure comprising arabinan, type II arabinogalactan, and rhamnose-galacturonic acid repeating units in the main chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health System, Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.
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Loreto JS, Ferreira SA, de Almeida P, da Rocha JBT, Barbosa NV. Screening for Differentially Expressed Memory Genes on a Diabetes Model Induced by High-Sugar Diet in Drosophila melanogaster: Potential Markers for Memory Deficits. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1225-1236. [PMID: 37698834 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to affect a series of cognitive processes including memory, increasing the risk for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although increasing evidence has supported that both diseases share common features, the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these two disorders remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we used Drosophila melanogaster fed on a high-sugar diet (HSD) to mimic T2DM, and investigate its effects on memory as well as identify potential molecular players associated with the memory deficits induced by HSD. Flies hatched from and reared on HSD for 7 days had a substantial decrease in short-term memory (STM). The screening for memory-related genes using transcriptome data revealed that HSD altered the expression of 33% of memory genes in relation to the control. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a fold change (FC) higher than two, we found five genes, related to synapse and memory trace formation, that could be considered strong candidates to underlie the STM deficits in HSD flies: Abl tyrosine kinase (Abl), bruchpilot (Brp), minibrain (Mnb), shaker (Sh), and gilgamesh (Gish). We also analyzed genes from the dopamine system, one of the most relevant signaling pathways for olfactory memory. Interestingly, the flies fed on HSD presented a decreased expression of the Tyrosine hydroxylase (Ple) and Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) genes, signals of a possible dopamine deficiency. In this work, we present promising biomarkers to investigate molecular networks shared between T2DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sepel Loreto
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Antunes Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmela de Almeida
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil.
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7
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Bunnoy A, Yanglang A, Tribamrung N, Keawthong C, Tumree P, Kumwan B, Meachasompop P, Saengrung J, Vanichvatin K, Muangrerk C, Prakitsri P, Suwatthanaphim A, Srisapoome P. Dietary administration of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) hydrolysate from sugar byproducts promotes the growth, survival, immunity, microbial community and disease resistance to VP (AHPND) in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109327. [PMID: 38158167 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of yeast hydrolysate (YH) from sugar byproducts on various parameters in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The study found no significant differences in water quality parameters across all treatment tanks, ensuring that the observed effects were not due to environmental variations. There were no significant differences in growth parameters between the control group and groups receiving YH at different dosages. However, the group given YH at 10.0 g/kg feed exhibited a notably higher survival rate and higher expression of growth-related genes (IGF-2 and RAP-2A) in various shrimp tissues. YH was associated with enhanced immune responses, including lysozyme activity, NBT dye reduction, bactericidal activity, and phagocytic activity. Notably, the 10.0 g/kg feed group displayed the highest phagocytic index, indicating a dose-dependent immune response. Expression of immune-related genes (ALF, LYZ, ProPO, and SOD) was upregulated in various shrimp tissues. This upregulation was particularly significant in the gills, hepatopancreas, intestine, and hemocytes. While total Vibrio counts remained consistent, a reduction in green Vibrio colonies was observed in the intestine of shrimp treated with YH. YH, especially at 5.0 and 10.0 g/kg feed dosages, significantly increased survival rates and RPS values in response to AHPND infection. The findings of this study suggest that incorporating additives derived from yeast byproducts with possible prebiotic properties obtained from sugar byproducts can lead to positive results in terms of enhancing growth performance, immunity, histological improvements, and resistance to V. parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurak Bunnoy
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Arat Yanglang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Nattanicha Tribamrung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Chalinda Keawthong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pimchanok Tumree
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Benchawan Kumwan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pakapon Meachasompop
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Jureerat Saengrung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kontee Vanichvatin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Chayanee Muangrerk
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pravit Prakitsri
- Mitr Phol Biofuel Co. Ltd, Sukhumvit Rd. Klongtoey, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | | | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Amat C, Prasad R, Gemeno C. Ovipositional responses of tortricid moths to sugars, salts and neem oil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1677. [PMID: 38243066 PMCID: PMC10799066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Oviposition is essential in the life history of insects and is mainly mediated by chemical and tactile cues present on the plant surface. Oviposition deterrents or stimulants can modify insect oviposition and be employed in pest control. Relatively few gustatory oviposition stimuli have been described for tortricid moths. In this study the effect of NaCl, KCl, sucrose, fructose and neem oil on the number of eggs laid by Cydia pomonella (L.), Grapholita molesta (Busck) and Lobesia botrana (Dennis & Schifermüller) was tested in laboratory arenas containing filter papers loaded with 3 doses of a given stimulus and solvent control. In general, salts increased oviposition at the mid dose (102 M) and sugars reduced it at the highest dose (103 mM), but these effects depended on the species. Neem oil dramatically reduced the number of eggs laid as the dose increased, but the lowest neem oil dose (0.1% v/v) increased L. botrana oviposition relative to solvent control. Our study shows that ubiquitous plant chemicals modify tortricid moth oviposition under laboratory conditions, and that neem oil is a strong oviposition deterrent. The oviposition arena developed in this study is a convenient tool to test the effect of tastants on the oviposition behavior of tortricid moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Amat
- University of Lleida-Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- University of Lleida-Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
- ICAR-KVK Ramanagara, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - César Gemeno
- University of Lleida-Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
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Nurujjaman M, Mashhoor T, Pronoy TUH, Auwal A, Hasan MR, Islam SS, Hasan I, Asaduzzaman AKM, Uddin MB, Kabir SR, Islam F. Antitumor Activity of a Lectin Purified from Punica granatum Pulps against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:193-202. [PMID: 38037833 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206269394231124093423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with various pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer. Punica granatum fruit extract has traditional uses, however, the anti-cancer activity of purified lectin isolated from P. granatum pulp is yet to be reported. OBJECTIVE The goals of this study are purification, characterization of the lectin from P. granatum, and examination of the purified lectin's anticancer potential. METHODS Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange chromatography was used to purify the lectin, and SDSPAGE was used to check the purity and homogeneity of the lectin. Spectrometric and chemical analysis were used to characterize the lectin. The anticancer activity of the lectin was examined using in vivo and in vitro functional assays. RESULTS A lectin, designated as PgL of 28.0 ± 1.0 kDa molecular mass, was isolated and purified from the pulps of P. granatum and the lectin contains 40% sugar. Also, it is a bivalent ion-dependent lectin and lost its 75% activity in the presence of urea (8M). The lectin agglutinated blood cells of humans and rats, and sugar molecules such as 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-manopyranoside and 2- nitrophenyl -β- D-glucopyranoside inhibited PgL's hemagglutination activity. At pH ranges of 6.0-8.0 and temperature ranges of 30°C -80°C, PgL exhibited the highest agglutination activity. In vitro MTT assay showed that PgL inhibited Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. PgL exhibited 39 % and 58.52 % growth inhibition of EAC cells in the mice model at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day (i.p.), respectively. In addition, PgL significantly increased the survival time (32.0 % and 49.3 %) of EAC-bearing mice at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg/day doses (i.p.), respectively, in comparison to untreated EAC-bearing animals (p < 0.01). Also, PgL reduced the tumor weight of EAC-bearing mice (66.6 versus 39.13%; p < 0.01) at the dose of 3.0 mg/kg/day treatment. Furthermore, supplementation of PgL restored the haematological parameters toward normal levels deteriorated in EAC-bearing animals by the toxicity of EAC cells. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the purified lectin has anticancer activity and has the potential to be developed as an effective chemotherapy agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurujjaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjila Mashhoor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfik Ul Haque Pronoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Auwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Robiul Hasan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Shohidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Asaduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Belal Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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Mazzoleni S, Tretola M, Luciano A, Lin P, Pinotti L, Bee G. Sugary and salty former food products in pig diets affect energy and nutrient digestibility, feeding behaviour but not the growth performance and carcass composition. Animal 2023; 17:101019. [PMID: 37967497 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Former foodstuff products (FFPs) are promising alternative ingredients for reducing the waste of natural resources and the environmental impact of food production. This study investigates the effects of salty and sugary FFPs on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), and growing-finishing pigs' empty body and carcass composition. Thirty-six Swiss Large White male castrated pigs were assigned to three growing (G) and finishing (F) diets: (1) standard diet (ST), 0% FFPs; (2) 30% conventional ingredients replaced by sugary FFPs (SU); and (3) 30% conventional ingredients replaced by salty FFPs (SA). Faecal samples from 24 selected pigs were collected to assess the ATTD of gross energy, crude fibres, and CP. The BW was measured weekly, while feed intake was determined daily. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and ATTD were calculated for both the growing and finishing periods. Pigs' body composition was determined at ≥20 and ≥98 kg using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In the growing but not finishing period, the FCR was lower (P < 0.05) in ST compared to SA and SU pigs. Considering the entire growing and finishing period, neither the inclusion level nor the type of FFPs influenced (P > 0.05) ADG, ADFI, FCR, or BW at slaughter. In both the growing and finishing periods, the gross energy ATTD was higher (P < 0.05) in the SA than in the ST group, with intermediate values in the SU group. In the growing period, the CP ATTD was higher (P < 0.05) in the SA than in the SU and ST groups. In the finishing period, the crude fibre ATTD was lower (P < 0.05) in the SA and SU than in the ST group. Throughout the overall period, the average daily fat intake was higher (P < 0.05) in pigs fed an SU diet, even though both categories of FFPs had no (P > 0.05) effects on the parameters related to the pigs' body composition (e.g., average daily fat weight gain). Finally, the carcasses of the SU group had the thickest belly fat, even though the total fat content was similar among the groups. This study confirms that including FFPs has no detrimental effects on growth performance or live body/carcass composition in growing and finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mazzoleni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - M Tretola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - A Luciano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - P Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - L Pinotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, DIVAS, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; CRC I-WE, Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment, University of Milan, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - G Bee
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland.
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11
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Ugurlar F, Kaya C. Synergistic mitigation of nickel toxicity in pepper ( Capsicum annuum) by nitric oxide and thiourea via regulation of nitrogen metabolism and subcellular nickel distribution. Funct Plant Biol 2023; 50:1099-1116. [PMID: 37875021 DOI: 10.1071/fp23122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) contamination hinders plant growth and yield. Nitric oxide (NO) and thiourea (Thi) aid plant recovery from heavy metal damage, but their combined effects on pepper (Capsicum annuum ) plant tolerance to Ni stress need more study. Sodium nitroprusside (0.1mM, SNP) and 400mgL-1 Thi, alone and combined, were studied for their impact on pepper growth under Ni toxicity. Ni stress reduces chlorophyll, PSII efficiency and leaf water and sugar content. However, SNP and Thi alleviate these effects by increasing leaf water, proline and sugar content. It also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase. Nickel stress lowered nitrogen assimilation enzymes (nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase) and protein content, but increased nitrate, ammonium and amino acid content. SNP and Thi enhanced nitrogen assimilation, increased protein content and improved pepper plant growth and physiological functions during Ni stress. The combined treatment reduced Ni accumulation, increased Ni in leaf cell walls and potentially in root vacuoles, and decreased Ni concentration in cell organelles. It effectively mitigated Ni toxicity to vital organelles, surpassing the effects of SNP or Thi use alone. This study provides valuable insights for addressing heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and offers potential strategies for sustainable and eco-friendly farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Ugurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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12
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N'Guessan R, Camara S, Rowland M, Ahoua Alou LP, Wolie RZ, Zoh MG, N'Guessan B, Tia IZ, Oumbouke WA, Thomas MB, Koffi AA. Attractive targeted sugar bait: the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr and the anti-malarial pharmaceutical artemether-lumefantrine arrest Plasmodium falciparum development inside wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes. Malar J 2023; 22:344. [PMID: 37946208 PMCID: PMC10636997 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attractive targeted sugar bait (ATSB) is a novel approach to vector control, offering an alternative mode of insecticide delivery via the insect alimentary canal, with potential to deliver a variety of compounds new to medical entomology and malaria control. Its potential to control mosquitoes was recently demonstrated in major field trials in Africa. The pyrrole chlorfenapyr is an insecticide new to malaria vector control, and through its unique mode of action-disruption of ATP mediated energy transfer in mitochondria-it may have direct action on energy transfer in the flight muscle cells of mosquitoes. It may also have potential to disrupt mitochondrial function in malarial parasites co-existing within the infected mosquito. However, little is known about the impact of such compounds on vector competence in mosquitoes responsible for malaria transmission. METHODS In this study, ATSBs containing chlorfenapyr insecticide and, as a positive control, the anti-malarial drugs artemether/lumefantrine (A/L) were compared for their effect on Plasmodium falciparum development in wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and for their capacity to reduce vector competence. Female mosquitoes were exposed to ATSB containing either sublethal dose of chlorfenapyr (CFP: 0.025%) or concentrations of A/L ranging from 0.4/2.4 mg/ml to 2.4/14.4 mg/ml, either shortly before or after taking infective blood meals. The impact of their component compounds on the prevalence and intensity of P. falciparum infection were compared between treatments. RESULTS Both the prevalence and intensity of infection were significantly reduced in mosquitoes exposed to either A/L or chlorfenapyr, compared to unexposed negative control mosquitoes. The A/L dose (2.4/14.4 mg/ml) totally erased P. falciparum parasites: 0% prevalence of infection in female mosquitoes exposed compared to 62% of infection in negative controls (df = 1, χ2 = 31.23 p < 0.001). The dose of chlorfenapyr (0.025%) that killed < 20% females in ATSB showed a reduction in oocyte density of 95% per midgut (0.18/3.43 per midgut). CONCLUSION These results are evidence that chlorfenapyr, in addition to its direct killing effect on the vector, has the capacity to block Plasmodium transmission by interfering with oocyte development inside pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, and through this dual action may potentiate its impact under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael N'Guessan
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. Raphael.N'
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC)-Institut Pierre Richet (VCPEC-IPR)/INSP, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. Raphael.N'
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Raphael.N'
| | - Soromane Camara
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC)-Institut Pierre Richet (VCPEC-IPR)/INSP, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Mark Rowland
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ludovic P Ahoua Alou
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC)-Institut Pierre Richet (VCPEC-IPR)/INSP, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Rosine Z Wolie
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC)-Institut Pierre Richet (VCPEC-IPR)/INSP, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
- Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR Des Sciences de la Nature, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Marius G Zoh
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC)-Institut Pierre Richet (VCPEC-IPR)/INSP, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Brou N'Guessan
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC)-Institut Pierre Richet (VCPEC-IPR)/INSP, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Innocent Z Tia
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC)-Institut Pierre Richet (VCPEC-IPR)/INSP, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Welbeck A Oumbouke
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC)-Institut Pierre Richet (VCPEC-IPR)/INSP, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
- Innovative Vector Control Consortium, IVCC, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew B Thomas
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alphonsine A Koffi
- Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
- Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC)-Institut Pierre Richet (VCPEC-IPR)/INSP, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
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Zarbakhsh S, Shahsavar AR. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid improves the photosynthesis efficiency, soluble sugar contents, and mineral nutrients in pomegranate plants exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity stresses. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:543. [PMID: 37926819 PMCID: PMC10626824 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), as a regulator of many aspects of plant growth, has a pivotal role in improving plant stress resistance. However, few studies have focused on the use of GABA in increasing plants' resistance to interactional stresses, such as drought-salinity. Therefore, the focus of this study was to examine the effect of foliar application of GABA (0, 10, 20, and 40 mM) on growth indices and physio-biochemical parameters in plants of two pomegranate cultivars, 'Rabab' and 'Atabaki' exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity. RESULTS Under stress conditions, the photosynthetic capacity of two pomegranate cultivars, including transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductance, was significantly reduced. This resulted in a decrease in root morphological traits such as fresh and dry weight, diameter, and volume, as well as the fresh and dry weight of the aerial part of the plants. However, the application of GABA reversed the negative effects caused by stress treatments on growth parameters and maintained the photosynthetic capacity. GABA application has induced the accumulation of compatible osmolytes, including total soluble carbohydrate, starch, glucose, fructose, and sucrose, in charge of providing energy for cellular defense response against abiotic stresses. Analysis of mineral nutrients has shown that GABA application increases the absorption of potassium, potassium/sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc, and iron. As concentration increased up to 40 mM, GABA prevented the uptake of toxic ions, sodium and chloride. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential of GABA as a biostimulant strategy to enhance plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Zarbakhsh
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Shahsavar
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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Yan Y, Yu S, Fan Y. mTOR/ULK1 signaling axis mediated ultrashort wave regulation of autophagy to alleviate diabetic kidney disease. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2023; 32:1265-1277. [PMID: 37191448 DOI: 10.17219/acem/161733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is closely related to autophagy and inflammation. The mTOR/unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling axis is involved in the regulation of autophagy. Ultrashort wave (USW) therapy has been extensively studied in inflammatory diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of USW on DKD and the role of the mTOR/ULK1 signaling axis in USW interventions remain uncertain. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of USW on DKD rats and the role of the mTOR/ULK1 signaling axis in USW interventions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A DKD rat model was established using a high-fat diet (HFD)/sugar diet and streptozocin (STZ) induction. The optimal duration of USW intervention was determined using different USW treatments. The levels of metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis associated with kidney injury in rats were measured. Western blot analysis was performed on the related indexes of autophagy and the mTOR/ULK1 signaling axis. RESULTS In DKD rats, microalbuminuria (MAU), glucose (GLU), creatinine (CRE), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels decreased after the USW intervention. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6 decreased in the USW group compared to the model group. The IL-10 and arginase (Arg-1) levels were increased in the USW group. The content of fibrosis-related indexes (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen, and type I collagen) decreased in the urine of the DKD rats. After USW treatment, LC3B and Beclin1 levels increased, while the level of p62 decreased. The levels of nephrin, podocin and synaptopodin increased. Ultrashort wave could reduce p-mTOR/mTOR ratios and increase ULK1 expression. After the overexpression of ULK1, the levels of LC3B and Beclin1 were higher in the overexpression (oe)-ULK1 group than in the oe-negative control (NC) group, while the level of p62 decreased. After mTOR activation, LC3B and ULK1 expression decreased, while CRE, BUN, MAU, and GLU levels increased. CONCLUSIONS Ultrashort wave alleviated kidney injury induced by the HFD/sugar diet and STZ. The USW intervention reversed the decreased autophagy levels in the DKD rats. The mTOR/ULK1 signaling axis mediated USW to promote autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Yan
- Clinical College of Changsha Health Vocational College, China
| | - Shangkun Yu
- Clinical College of Changsha Health Vocational College, China
| | - Yongmei Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Huang S, Ghasem Ardabili N, Davidson TL, Riley AL. Western diet consumption does not impact the rewarding and aversive effects of morphine in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 270:114317. [PMID: 37541607 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of high-fat and/or high-sugar diets on opioid-induced effects are well documented; however, little is known about the effect of such diet on the affective responses to opiates. To address this issue, in the present experiment male Sprague-Dawley rats were given ad libitum access to a western-style diet (high in saturated fat and sugar) or a standard laboratory chow diet beginning in adolescence and continuing into adulthood at which point they were trained in a combined conditioned taste avoidance (CTA)/conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure to assess the aversive and rewarding effects of morphine, respectively. On four conditioning cycles, animals were given access to a novel saccharin solution, injected with morphine (1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg), and then placed on one side of a place preference chamber. Animals were then tested for place preference and saccharin preference. All subjects injected with morphine displayed significant avoidance of the morphine-associated solution (CTA) and preferred the side associated with the drug (CPP). Furthermore, there were no differences between the two diet groups, indicating that chronic exposure to the western diet had no impact on the affective properties of morphine (despite increasing caloric intake, body weight, body fat and lean body mass). Given previously reported increases in drug self-administration in animals with a history of western-diet consumption, this study suggests that western-diet exposure may increase drug intake via mechanisms other than changes in the rewarding or aversive effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Huang
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW., Washington, D.C. 20016, United States.
| | - Negar Ghasem Ardabili
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW., Washington, D.C. 20016, United States
| | - Terry L Davidson
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Neural Homeostasis, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, United States
| | - Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW., Washington, D.C. 20016, United States.
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Xu C, Yi X, Hu C, Yang Q, Li J, Zhang J, Yang Y. Analysis of the changes in quality and characteristics of hot air drying of Xinjiang jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Junzao) following a delayed harvest. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16732. [PMID: 37794024 PMCID: PMC10550975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry processing is ineffective in preserving fresh jujubes (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.), contributing largely to the delayed jujube harvest in Xinjiang. However, no studies have evaluated the impact of delayed harvest periods on processing quality. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of different delayed harvest periods on the characteristics of the quality of jujubes in Xinjiang after hot air drying. Six batches (S1-S6) were sampled over a 7-d period. Various indicators of jujubes changed significantly during the extended harvest period (P < 0.05). The water content of the fruit decreased progressively. While the percentages of soluble solids, total sugars, and reducing sugars increased continuously, the total weight of these parameters in a single jujube fruit decreased continuously. The proportion of ascorbic acid, total weight, and drying time decreased steadily. The fruit had the highest ascorbic acid content at the S4 stage after hot air drying (87.14 mg 100 g-1). Fewer color differences were recorded in hot air-dried fruits as compared with fresh jujubes; the cracking rate decreased after hot air drying, but the fruit could be rehydrated more effectively. A comprehensive evaluation revealed that jujubes harvested in the S4 stage were better suited for dry processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electrochemical Engineering, Tarim University, Arar, 843300, China
| | - Xiaokang Yi
- College of Mechanical and Electrochemical Engineering, Tarim University, Arar, 843300, China.
| | - Can Hu
- College of Mechanical and Electrochemical Engineering, Tarim University, Arar, 843300, China
| | - Qiaonan Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agricuture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrochemical Engineering, Tarim University, Arar, 843300, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrochemical Engineering, Tarim University, Arar, 843300, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrochemical Engineering, Tarim University, Arar, 843300, China
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17
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Kositanurit W, Korakot M, Burana C, Varachotisate P, Kerr SJ, Boonla C, Kulaputana O. Acute effect of various dosages of sugar ingestion on vascular function in offspring of hypertensive and normotensive parents. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1485-1492. [PMID: 37432905 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to study vascular function in healthy men with a parental history of hypertension compared to those without. Acute effect of various dosages of sugar ingestion on vascular function was also investigated in both groups. METHODS Thirty-two healthy men were recruited and divided into two groups, offspring of hypertensive parents (OHT) and offspring of normotensive parents (ONT). Participants were orally given 15, 30, and 60 g of sucrose solution compared to water. Peak forearm blood flow (FBF), forearm vascular resistance (FVR), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and oxidative stress markers were measured at baseline and after sucrose intake at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. RESULTS At baseline, peak FBF was significantly lower (22.40 ± 1.18 vs. 25.24 ± 0.63 ml × dl -1 × min -1 , P < 0.001), FVR was significantly higher (3.73 ± 0.42 vs. 3.30 ± 0.26 mmHg × ml -1 × dl × min, P = 0.002), and PWV was significantly faster (6.31 ± 0.59 vs. 5.78 ± 0.61 m/s, P = 0.017) in OHT than ONT. After each sucrose intake, peak FBF significantly declined and was lowest at 30 min in both groups. The reduction in peak FBF was seen in all doses of sucrose and the higher dose of sucrose intervened, the longer reduction in peak FBF observed. CONCLUSIONS Vascular function was attenuated in healthy men with a family history of hypertension and became worse after sucrose ingestion even at the low dose. Our findings suggest that the ones, especially those with a parental history of hypertension, should reduce sugar consumption as low as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerapat Kositanurit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society
| | - Manta Korakot
- Interdepartment of Physiology program, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Chuti Burana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society
| | - Pachara Varachotisate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society
| | | | - Chanchai Boonla
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onanong Kulaputana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society
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18
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Lu J, Hou Y, Si M, Zhu Q, Jia X, Lv Y, Wang C, He H. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural multimers induce pseudo-allergic reaction through FcεRI at high doses. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1130-1138. [PMID: 36807361 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Under acidic and high temperature conditions, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) converted from sugar further produces dimers (Compound II) and trimers (Compound III). The polymers were less reported, and sensitization effect of them was reported in this study. Compounds II and III induced the local and systemic anaphylaxis effect in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mice model and activated RBL-2H3 cell inducing [Ca2+ ] mobilization, resulting in the release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine in vitro. The gene knockdown assay figured out that Compounds II and III induced degranulation through FcεRI. Further, Compounds II and III had a certain affinity with FcεRI by cell membrane chromatography and may combine on the "proline sandwich" structure indicated by molecular docking. All above suggested Compounds II and III can induce pseudo-allergic reaction through FcεRI in vivo and in vitro. Our work provides basic research to prove that the newly discovered 5-HMF transformants, Compounds II and III, induce pseudo-allergic reaction in vitro and in vivo through FcεRI, which is different pathway from 5-HMF. In foods with high sugar content, the sensitization of Compounds II and III needs more attention. In high-sugar foods and medicines, especially traditional Chinese medicine injections, the content of transformants needs to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajing Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Si
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiumei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuexin Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaizhen He
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Mort EJ, Fordington S, Heritage S, Fowden AL, Jones S, Camm EJ. Age and an obesogenic diet affect mouse behaviour in a sex-dependent manner. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2451-2468. [PMID: 37377042 PMCID: PMC10946847 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is rising globally and is associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders among children, adolescents and young adults. Whether obesity is the cause or the consequence of these disorders remains unclear. To examine the behavioural effects of obesity systematically, locomotion, anxiety and social behaviour were assessed in male and female C57Bl/6J mice using the open field, elevated plus maze and social preference task. First, the effects of age and sex were examined in control mice, before investigating post-weaning consumption of a high fat-high sugar diet commonly consumed in human populations with high rates of obesity. In the open field and elevated plus maze, locomotor activity and anxiety-related behaviours reduced with aging in both sexes, but with different sex-specific profiles. The high fat-high sugar diet reduced food and calorie intake and increased body mass and fat deposition in both sexes. In the open field, both male and female mice on the obesogenic diet showed reduced locomotion; whereas, in the elevated plus maze, only females fed with the obesogenic diet displayed reduced anxiety-related behaviours. Both male and female mice on the obesogenic diet had a significantly higher social preference index than the control group. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that the behavioural effects of age and diet-induced obesity all depend on the sex of the mouse. This emphasises the importance of considering the age of the animal and including both sexes when assessing behavioural phenotypes arising from dietary manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Mort
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Surina Fordington
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sophie Heritage
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Abigail L. Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Susan Jones
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Emily J. Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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20
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Cao D, Chabikwa T, Barbier F, Dun EA, Fichtner F, Dong L, Kerr SC, Beveridge CA. Auxin-independent effects of apical dominance induce changes in phytohormones correlated with bud outgrowth. Plant Physiol 2023; 192:1420-1434. [PMID: 36690819 PMCID: PMC10231355 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of shoot branching by the growing shoot tip of plants, termed apical dominance, was originally thought to be mediated by auxin. Recently, the importance of the shoot tip sink strength during apical dominance has re-emerged with recent studies highlighting roles for sugars in promoting branching. This raises many unanswered questions on the relative roles of auxin and sugars in apical dominance. Here we show that auxin depletion after decapitation is not always the initial trigger of rapid cytokinin (CK) increases in buds that are instead correlated with enhanced sugars. Auxin may also act through strigolactones (SLs) which have been shown to suppress branching after decapitation, but here we show that SLs do not have a significant effect on initial bud outgrowth after decapitation. We report here that when sucrose or CK is abundant, SLs are less inhibitory during the bud release stage compared to during later stages and that SL treatment rapidly inhibits CK accumulation in pea (Pisum sativum) axillary buds of intact plants. After initial bud release, we find an important role of gibberellin (GA) in promoting sustained bud growth downstream of auxin. We are, therefore, able to suggest a model of apical dominance that integrates auxin, sucrose, SLs, CKs, and GAs and describes differences in signalling across stages of bud release to sustained growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Cao
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tinashe Chabikwa
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Francois Barbier
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lili Dong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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21
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Ermisch AF, Bidne KL, Kurz SG, Bochantin KA, Wood JR. Ovarian inflammation mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 increased transcripts of maternal effect genes and decreased embryo development†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:423-436. [PMID: 36461933 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese women are subfertile and have reduced assisted reproduction success, which may be due to reduced oocyte competence. We hypothesize that consumption of a high-fat/high-sugar diet induces ovarian inflammation, which is a primary contributor to decreased oocyte quality and pre-implantation embryo development. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 (B6) mice with a normal inflammatory response and C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice with a dampened inflammatory response due to dysfunctional Toll-like receptor 4 were fed either normal chow or high-fat/high-sugar diet. In both B6 and C3H females, high-fat/high-sugar diet induced excessive adiposity and hyperglycemia compared to normal chow-fed counterparts. Conversely, ovarian CD68 levels and oocyte expression of oxidative stress markers were increased when collected from B6 high-fat/high-sugar but not C3H high-fat/high-sugar mice. Following in vitro fertilization of in vivo matured oocytes, blastocyst development was decreased in B6-high-fat/high-sugar but not C3H high-fat/high-sugar mice. Expression of cumulus cell markers of oocyte quality were altered in both B6 high-fat/high-sugar and C3H high-fat/high-sugar. However, there were no diet-dependent differences in spindle abnormalities in either B6 or C3H mice, suggesting potential defects in cytoplasmic maturation. Indeed, there were significant increases in the abundance of maternal effect gene mRNAs in oocytes from only B6 high-fat/high-sugar mice. These differentially expressed genes encode proteins of the subcortical maternal complex and associated with mRNA metabolism and epigenetic modifications. These genes regulate maternal mRNA degradation at oocyte maturation, mRNA clearance at the zygotic genome activation, and methylation of imprinted genes suggesting a mechanism by which inflammation induced oxidative stress impairs embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison F Ermisch
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Katie L Bidne
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Scott G Kurz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kerri A Bochantin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wood
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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22
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Kalyanasundar B, Blonde GD, Spector AC, Travers SP. A Novel Mechanism for T1R-Independent Taste Responses to Concentrated Sugars. J Neurosci 2023; 43:965-978. [PMID: 36623875 PMCID: PMC9908317 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1760-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings from our laboratory demonstrated that the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST) retains some responsiveness to sugars in double-knock-out mice lacking either the T1R1+T1R3 (KO1+3) or T1R2+T1R3 (KO2+3) taste receptor heterodimers. Here, we extended these findings in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of male and female KO1+3 mice using warm stimuli to optimize sugar responses and employing additional concentrations and pharmacological agents to probe mechanisms. PBN T1R-independent sugar responses, including those to concentrated glucose, were more evident than in rNST. Similar to the NST, there were no "sugar-best" neurons in KO1+3 mice. Nevertheless, 1000 mm glucose activated nearly 55% of PBN neurons, with responses usually occurring in neurons that also displayed acid and amiloride-insensitive NaCl responses. In wild-type (WT) mice, concentrated sugars activated the same electrolyte-sensitive neurons but also "sugar-best" cells. Regardless of genotype, phlorizin, an inhibitor of the sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT), a component of a hypothesized alternate glucose-sensing mechanism, did not diminish responses to 1000 mm glucose. The efficacy of concentrated sugars for driving neurons broadly responsive to electrolytes implied an origin from Type III taste bud cells. To test this, we used the carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor dorzolamide (DRZ), previously shown to inhibit amiloride-insensitive sodium responses arising from Type III taste bud cells. Dorzolamide had no effect on sugar-elicited responses in WT sugar-best PBN neurons but strongly suppressed them in WT and KO1+3 electrolyte-generalist neurons. These findings suggest a novel T1R-independent mechanism for hyperosmotic sugars, involving a CA-dependent mechanism in Type III taste bud cells.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Since the discovery of Tas1r receptors for sugars and artificial sweeteners, evidence has accrued that mice lacking these receptors maintain some behavioral, physiological, and neural responsiveness to sugars. But the substrate(s) has remained elusive. Here, we recorded from parabrachial nucleus (PBN) taste neurons and identified T1R-independent responses to hyperosmotic sugars dependent on carbonic anhydrase (CA) and occurring primarily in neurons broadly responsive to NaCl and acid, implying an origin from Type III taste bud cells. The effectiveness of different sugars in driving these T1R-independent responses did not correlate with their efficacy in driving licking, suggesting they evoke a nonsweet sensation. Nevertheless, these salient responses are likely to comprise an adequate cue for learned preferences that occur in the absence of T1R receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kalyanasundar
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210-1267
| | - Ginger D Blonde
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4301
| | - Alan C Spector
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4301
| | - Susan P Travers
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210-1267
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23
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Quadri SA, Singh SP, Kharche SD, Pathak J, Saxena A, Soni YK, Swain D. Different Effects of Sugars and Methods to Preserve Post-Thaw Functional Properties of Cryopreserved Caprine Spermatogonial Stem Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 212:399-415. [PMID: 36731441 DOI: 10.1159/000529482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the effects of sugar and methods (slow freezing [SF] vs. fast freezing [FF]) on post-thaw in vitro functional characteristics of cryopreserved caprine spermatogonial stem cells (cSSCs) and the cells obtained from cryopreserved testis tissue of prepubertal Barbari bucks. For this, in experiment 1, cSSCs were isolated and cryopreserved by either SF or FF method with different non-permeable (sugars; trehalose [140 mm; 140T or 400 mm; 400T] and sucrose [140 mm; 140S or 400 mm; 400S]) or/and permeable (5% ethylene glycol [EG] and dimethyl sulfoxide) cryoprotectants. After 1 week of cryopreservation, the cSSCs were thawed and cultured for evaluation of their characteristics. Further, in experiment 2, the effectiveness of sugars (trehalose [140 mm] or sucrose [140 mm]) for cryopreservation of testicular tissues of prepubertal Barbari bucks using the SF or FF method was evaluated. After 1 week of cryopreservation, the tissues were thawed and cSSCs were isolated and cultured for 3 weeks. In both experiments, cSSCs were evaluated for recovery rate, proliferation, metabolic viability, senescence, and stemness markers' expression. The recovery rate was 1.3-, 1.3-, and 1.1-fold higher in the 140T group compared with EG, 140S, and 400S groups, respectively. Similarly, the expression of stemness markers (protein gene product 9.5 and octamer-binding transcription factor-4) was relatively higher in 140T group compared with the other groups. In experiment 2, the recovery rate of cells per unit tissue weight was significantly (p < 0.05) higher when cryopreserved using 140 mm trehalose compared with other groups. The results of immunocytochemical analyses imply the expression of pluripotent stem cell markers in cSSCs following cryopreservation. Overall, the outcome of the study demonstrates different effects of sugars and methods on post-thaw functional properties of cSSCs with superiority of 140 mm trehalose using SF method over other treatment groups. These results are important for ex vivo expansion and differentiation of cSSCs for fertility preservation and their other downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleema Ahmedi Quadri
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and AH., DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Shiva Pratap Singh
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India
| | - Suresh Dinkar Kharche
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India
| | - Juhi Pathak
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India
| | - Atul Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and AH., DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar Soni
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India
| | - Dilip Swain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH., DUVASU, Mathura, India
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Xie Y, Guo F, Zhang F, Song K, Wang Y, Chen Y, Luo H, Wang J, Jiang L. Effect of postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene application on reactive oxygen species scavenging and sucrose metabolism in Gynura bicolor DC. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 195:124-133. [PMID: 36634507 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
After harvest, the metabolism of Gynura bicolor DC (G. bicolor) is vigorous, resulting in sugar scarcity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, thus aggravating the quality deterioration. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) shows crucial effect in alleviating the postharvest metabolism of vegetables and fruits. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of 1-MCP on ROS scavenging and sucrose metabolism in G. bicolor. In this research, G. bicolor was treated with 10 μL L-1 1-MCP for 12 h, followed by storage at 20 ± 2 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity in darkness for 7 days. During storage, the increases in the respiration rate, electrolytic leakage, weight loss rate, ROS levels, and membrane lipid oxidation were effectively inhibited by 1-MCP. Moreover, starch and hexose degradation was decreased in the 1-MCP group, as were sucrose synthesis and catabolism. Correlation analysis indicated that sugar starvation was associated with respiration, activities regulation of CAT, SOD, and enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism were associated with the levels of hydrogen peroxide at the early storage. In conclusion, 1-MCP delayed postharvest quality deterioration of G. bicolor by alleviating respiration, inducing oxidative stress to enhance ROS scavenging, and inhibiting sucrose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Chacha Food Co. LTD, Anhui, 230041, PR China
| | - Kaiyue Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuexia Wang
- Zhenjiang Shuimu Nianhua Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Co. LTD, Zhenjiang, 212114, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Nanjing LES Information Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Haibo Luo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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25
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Fluhr JW, Tfayli A, Darlenski R, Darvin ME, Joly-Tonetti N, Lachmann N. Glycerol and natural sugar-derived complex modulate differentially stratum corneum water-binding properties and structural parameters in an in vitro Raman-desorption model. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202200201. [PMID: 36153668 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal protective functions are closely associated with skin hydration homeostasis. The understanding of different states of water binding is a rising concept in assessing topically applied formulations and their interaction within the stratum corneum (SC). In addition to global water content, primary bound water, partially bound water, and unbound water and barrier-related lipid lateral packing and protein secondary structure can be measured by Raman spectroscopy. This study aimed to establish an in vitro SC model to evaluate differences in the efficacy of a natural sugar-derived complex in combination with glycerol and a botanical extract in modulating SC water binding and structural proteins and barrier lipids. These compounds were selected due to their water-binding and soothing properties. The SC water profiles were assessed at the surface and in 8 μm SC depth. After a 12-hour hyperhydration and subsequent product incubation the measurements were performed during a 6 hours desiccation phase. The maximal water caption and the time until reaching a steady state are measured as well as water retention and resistance against water loss. Global water content, partially bound, and unbound water, as well as lipid and protein structures were assessed with confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Both the natural sugar-derived mixture and more pronounced, the same mixture with additional glycerol increased all three water-binding parameters at the surface and in 8 μm SC depth at the beginning and during the desiccation phase. Further addition of botanical extract did not result in an additional increase of the water-binding. All three formulations showed an increase in the lipid lateral packing values prevented the protein alteration as measured by β-sheets signal compared to blank. The present model is suited for screening studies comparing the specific effects of different compounds on hydration states. The natural sugar-derived mixture Aquaxyl showed evidence for an improvement of all SC hydration states, lipid and protein structure which was further enhanced by the addition of glycerol 5%. This improvement was evidenced at the surface and within the SC for all hydration-related parameters, and the lipid as well the protein structures. The addition of botanical extract phytoessence blue daisy did not show further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim W Fluhr
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali Tfayli
- Lipides: Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, Lip(Sys)2, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Razvigor Darlenski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University-Stara Zagora, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nadège Lachmann
- Scientific and Claims Development, Galderma SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Suriano F, Vieira-Silva S, Falony G, de Wouters d'Oplinter A, Paone P, Delzenne NM, Everard A, Raes J, Van Hul M, Cani PD. Fat and not sugar as the determining factor for gut microbiota changes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E85-E96. [PMID: 36516223 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00141.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Overall, obesity is associated with deviations in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota. There are many divergent findings regarding the link between the excessive intake of certain dietary components (i.e., fat and sugar) and obesity development. We therefore investigated the effect of specific diets, with a different content of sugar and fat, in promoting obesity and related comorbidities as well as their impact on microbial load and gut microbiota composition/diversity. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low-sugar, low-fat control diet (CT), a high-sugar diet (HS), a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HF/HS), or a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 wk. The impact of the different diets on obesity, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative and ER stress was determined. Diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota composition and density were also analyzed. HF diet-fed mice showed the highest body weight and fat mass gains and displayed the most impaired glucose and insulin profiles. HS, HF/HS, and HF diets differently affected hepatic cholesterol content and mRNA expression of several markers associated with immune cells, inflammation, oxidative and ER stress in several organs/tissues. In addition, HF diet feeding resulted in a decreased microbial load at the end of the experiment. When analyzing the gut microbiota composition, we found that HS, HF/HS, and HF diets induced specific changes in the abundance of certain bacterial taxa. This was not associated with a specific change in systemic inflammatory markers, but HS mice exhibited higher FGF21 plasma levels compared with HF diet-fed mice. Taken together, our results highlight that dietary intake of different macronutrients distinctively impacts the development of an obese/diabetic state and the regulation of metabolic inflammation in specific organs. We propose that these differences are not only obesity-driven but that changes in the gut microbiota composition may play a key role in this context.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that dietary macronutrients (i.e., sugar and fat) have an impact on fecal bacterial cell counting and quantitative microbiome profiling in mice. Yet, we demonstrate that dietary fat is the determining factor to promote obesity and diabetes progression, and local inflammation in different body sites. These observations can help to disentangle the conundrum of the detrimental effects of fat and sugar in our dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Suriano
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Gwen Falony
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alice de Wouters d'Oplinter
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Paola Paone
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Dey M, Ganguly A, Dahanukar A. An inhibitory mechanism for suppressing high salt intake in Drosophila. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad014. [PMID: 37201555 PMCID: PMC10413321 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of dietary salt are harmful to health. Like most animals, Drosophila melanogaster are attracted to foods that have low concentrations of salt, but show strong taste avoidance of high salt foods. Salt in known on multiple classes of taste neurons, activating Gr64f sweet-sensing neurons that drive food acceptance and 2 others (Gr66a bitter and Ppk23 high salt) that drive food rejection. Here we find that NaCl elicits a bimodal dose-dependent response in Gr64f taste neurons, which show high activity with low salt and depressed activity with high salt. High salt also inhibits the sugar response of Gr64f neurons, and this action is independent of the neuron's taste response to salt. Consistent with the electrophysiological analysis, feeding suppression in the presence of salt correlates with inhibition of Gr64f neuron activity, and remains if high salt taste neurons are genetically silenced. Other salts such as Na2SO4, KCl, MgSO4, CaCl2, and FeCl3 act on sugar response and feeding behavior in the same way. A comparison of the effects of various salts suggests that inhibition is dictated by the cationic moiety rather than the anionic component of the salt. Notably, high salt-dependent inhibition is not observed in Gr66a neurons-response to a canonical bitter tastant, denatonium, is not altered by high salt. Overall, this study characterizes a mechanism in appetitive Gr64f neurons that can deter ingestion of potentially harmful salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Dey
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Anindya Ganguly
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Anupama Dahanukar
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
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Liu D, Hu H, Hong Y, Xiao Q, Tu J. Sugar Beverage Habitation Relieves Chronic Stress-Induced Anxiety-like Behavior but Elicits Compulsive Eating Phenotype via vLS GAD2 Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010661. [PMID: 36614104 PMCID: PMC9820526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronically stressed individuals are reported to overconsume tasty, palatable foods like sucrose to blunt the psychological and physiological impacts of stress. Negative consequences of high-sugar intake on feeding behavior include increased metabolic disease burdens like obesity. However, the neural basis underlying long-term high-sugar intake-induced overeating during stress is not fully understood. To investigate this question, we used the two-bottle sucrose choice paradigm in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stressors (CUMS) that mimic those of daily life stressors. After 21 days of CUMS paralleled by consecutive sucrose drinking, we explored anxiety-like behavior using the elevated plus maze and open field tests. The normal water-drinking stressed mice displayed more anxiety than the sucrose-drinking stressed mice. Although sucrose-drinking displayed anxiolytic effects, the sucrose-drinking mice exhibited binge eating (chow) and a compulsive eating phenotype. The sucrose-drinking mice also showed a significant body-weight gain compared to the water-drinking control mice during stress. We further found that c-Fos expression was significantly increased in the ventral part of the lateral septum (vLS) of the sucrose-treated stressed mice after compulsive eating. Pharmacogenetic activation of the vLS glutamate decarboxylase 2(GAD2) neurons maintained plain chow intake but induced a compulsive eating phenotype in the naïve GAD2-Cre mice when mice feeding was challenged by flash stimulus, mimicking the negative consequences of excessive sucrose drinking during chronic stress. Further, pharmacogenetic activation of the vLSGAD2 neurons aggravated anxiety of the stressed GAD2-Cre mice but did not alter the basal anxiety level of the naïve ones. These findings indicate the GABAergic neurons within the vLS may be a potential intervention target for anxiety comorbid eating disorders during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haohao Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuchuan Hong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Tu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence:
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Yaghoubian I, Modarres-Sanavy SAM, Smith DL. Plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) as an eco-friendly option to mitigate water deficit in soybean (Glycine max L.): Growth, physio-biochemical properties and oil content. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 191:55-66. [PMID: 36183672 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought, as an important challenge in Iran, affects all growth indicators for plants. Application of plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) can reduce the detrimental effects of water deficit on plants. Two separate field experiments were conducted at the Tehran and Hashtrood sites, Iran in 2019 to study the influences of Azotobacter chroococcum (Az) and Piriformospora indica (Pi) or Az + Pi on growth, physio-biochemical properties and oil content of soybean (Glycine max L.) under water deficit conditions. Although water deficit dramatically reduced the plant height, percent vegetation cover and relative water content (RWC), plots treated with Az and Pi exhibited higher performance mentioned traits at both sites. Besides, co-inoculation of Az and Pi increased proline in Tehran (48.85 and 29.24% in leaf and root, respectively) and Hashtrood (46.91 and 48.91% in leaf and root, respectively) under severe water deficit. Accumulation of glycine betaine, soluble sugars and proteins increased for plots which received Az and Pi. Under severe water deficit conditions, the co-inoculation with Az and Pi enhanced the oil content of soybean by 12.87 and 9.37% at Tehran and Hashtrood sites respectively. Application of Az and Pi resulted in reducing the adverse effects of water deficit on oil quality of soybean by increasing the linoleic and linolenic acid in oil. Moreover, inoculation of soybean with Az and Pi can provide drought tolerance by improving ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) activity. However, co-inoculation with Az and Pi was generally more effective in the alleviation of water deficit detrimental effects than sole inoculation with Az and Pi. Consequently, it can be a good approach for improving tolerance, growth and oil production of soybean under water deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Yaghoubian
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Donald L Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Caravantes-Villatoro LA, Liedo P, Guillén-Navarro K, Rojas JC. Effect of a Probiotic-Enriched Diet on Sexual Competitiveness, Pheromone Emission, and Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Sterile and Fertile Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:1490-1498. [PMID: 35848878 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sterile insect technique has been used for the eradication or control of numerous tephritid fruit flies. However, mass-rearing and sterilization can affect the microbiota and sexual performance of male tephritid fruit flies. Despite the addition of postteneral protein food which contributes to the enhancement of the sexual performance of mass-reared males, in some cases, they are less competitive than their wild counterparts. Alternatively, the addition of probiotics may improve the sexual performance of mass-reared sterile males. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a postteneral Lactobacillus casei-enriched diet on the sexual competitivity, pheromone emission, and cuticular hydrocarbons of mass-reared sterile and fertile Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) males. Flies were fed either with sugar, standard diet (sugar and protein, 3:1), sugar + probiotic, or standard diet + probiotic. The addition of the probiotic improved the sexual competitivity of fertile and sterile males that were devoid of protein but led to a negative effect on males fed with a standard diet. As compared to males that were fed with the standard diet + probiotic/only sugar, the males fed with the standard diet or those fed on sugar + probiotic displayed a higher number of mating instances. Sterile males that fed on sugar + probiotic had a higher relative amount of anastrephine, epianastrephine, n-methyl octacosane, and 2-methyl triacontane than those fed on sugar only. Overall, these compounds were common in the treatments where males had the best sexual performance. Our results suggest that the probiotics offer nutritional advantages to males whose food lacks protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Karina Guillén-Navarro
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Julio C Rojas
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are performance-enhancing drugs used by both world-class and rank-and-file athletes. AAS abuse has been linked with risky decision-making, ranging from drunk driving to abusing multiple drugs. Our lab uses operant behavior in rats to test the effects of AAS (testosterone) on decision making. In our previous study, testosterone caused rats to work harder for food reward during an effort discounting (ED) task. ED is sensitive to dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, and AAS alter accumbens dopamine receptor expression. Accordingly, we determined if testosterone increases response to dopamine receptor antagonists during ED. METHODS Rats were treated chronically with high-dose testosterone (7.5 mg/kg; n = 9) or vehicle (n = 9). We measured baseline preference for the large reward in an ED task, where rats choose between a small easy reward (one lever press for one sugar pellet) and a large difficult reward (2, 5, 10, or 15 presses for three pellets). Preference for the large reward was measured after administration of D1-like (SCH23390, 0.01 mg/kg) or D2-like (eticlopride, 0.06 mg/kg) receptor antagonists. RESULTS At baseline, testosterone- and vehicle-treated rats showed similar preference for the large reward lever (FR5, testosterone: 68.6 ± 9.7% and vehicle: 85.7 ± 2.5%). SCH23390 reduced large reward preference significantly in both groups (FR5, testosterone: 41.3 ± 9.2%; vehicle: 49.1 ± 8.2%; F(1,16) = 17.7; P < 0.05). Eticlopride decreased large reward preference in both groups, but more strongly in testosterone-treated rats (FR5: testosterone: 37.0 ± 9.7%; vehicle: 56.3 ± 7.8%; F(1,16) = 35.3; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Testosterone increases response to dopamine D2-like receptor blockade, and this contributes to previously observed changes in decision-making behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Donovan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Malin Källström
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruth I. Wood
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Zhang Y, Chang BM, Burdet B, Dai Z, Delrot S, Keller M. Apoplastic sugar may be lost from grape berries and retrieved in pedicels. Plant Physiol 2022; 190:592-604. [PMID: 35642904 PMCID: PMC9434297 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In ripening grape (Vitis sp.) berries, the combination of rapid sugar import, apoplastic phloem unloading, and water discharge via the xylem creates a potential risk for apoplastic sugar to be lost from the berries. We investigated the likelihood of such sugar loss and a possible sugar retrieval mechanism in the pedicels of different Vitis genotypes. Infusion of D-glucose-1-13C or L-glucose-1-13C to the stylar end of attached berries demonstrated that both sugars can be leached from the berries, but only the nontransport sugar L-glucose moved beyond the pedicels. No 13C enrichment was found in peduncles and leaves. Genes encoding 10 sugar transporters were expressed in the pedicels throughout grape ripening. Using an immunofluorescence technique, we localized the sucrose transporter SUC27 to pedicel xylem parenchyma cells. These results indicate that pedicels possess the molecular machinery for sugar retrieval from the apoplast. Plasmodesmata were observed between vascular parenchyma cells in pedicels, and movement of the symplastically mobile dye carboxyfluorescein demonstrated that the symplastic connection is physiologically functional. Taken together, the chemical, molecular, and anatomical evidence gathered here supports the idea that some apoplastic sugar can be leached from grape berries and is effectively retrieved in a two-step process in the pedicels. First, sugar transporters may actively retrieve leached sugar from the xylem. Second, retrieved sugar may move symplastically to the pedicel parenchyma for local use or storage, or to the phloem for recycling back to the berry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
- Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, Prosser, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Zhanwu Dai
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Serge Delrot
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Fang J, Zhang Y, Gerencser AA, Brand MD. Effects of sugars, fatty acids and amino acids on cytosolic and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release from liver cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:92-102. [PMID: 35716827 PMCID: PMC9363135 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rates of formation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at different electron-donating sites in isolated mitochondria are critically dependent on the substrates that are added, through their effects on the reduction level of each site and the components of the protonmotive force. However, in intact cells the acute effects of added substrates on different sites of cytosolic and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production are unclear. Here we tested the effects of substrate addition on cytosolic and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release from intact AML12 liver cells. In 30-min starved cells replete with endogenous substrates, addition of glucose, fructose, palmitate, alanine, leucine or glutamine had no effect on the rate or origin of cellular hydrogen peroxide release. However, following 150-min starvation of the cells to deplete endogenous glycogen (and other substrates), cellular hydrogen peroxide production, particularly from NADPH oxidases (NOXs), was decreased, GSH/GSSH ratio increased, and antioxidant gene expression was unchanged. Addition of glucose or glutamine (but not the other substrates) increased hydrogen peroxide release. There were similar relative increases from each of the three major sites of production: mitochondrial sites IQ and IIIQo, and cytosolic NOXs. Glucose supplementation also restored ATP production and mitochondrial NAD reduction level, suggesting that the increased rates of hydrogen peroxide release from the mitochondrial sites were driven by increases in the protonmotive force and the degree of reduction of the electron transport chain. Long-term (24 h) glucose or glutamine deprivation also diminished hydrogen peroxide release rate, ATP production rate and (for glucose deprivation) NAD reduction level. We conclude that the rates of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production from mitochondrial sites in liver cells are insensitive to extra added substrates when endogenous substrates are not depleted, but these rates are decreased when endogenous substrates are lowered by 150 min of starvation, and can be enhanced by restoring glucose or glutamine supply through improvements in mitochondrial energetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Fang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Yini Zhang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Akos A Gerencser
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Martin D Brand
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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Zhu J, Jin X, He ZS, Xiao QR, Chen JJ, Xing C, Liu JF, Shen CX. [Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence and non-structural carbohydrate accumulation of Castanopsis kawakamii seedlings to seed dispersal positions]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:2129-2138. [PMID: 36043819 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202208.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When seeds fallen from the mother trees, their initial contact physical environment was litter or soil. The dispersal positions of seeds (seeds positioned on top of the litter, the soil surface and beneath the litter) determine the process of their natural regeneration. We simulated three different dispersal positions of Castanopsis kawakamii, including seeds positioned on top of the litter (2 and 4 cm litter was placed below the seed layer), soil surface (without litter), and seeds beneath the litter (2, 4, 6 and 8 cm litter covers in the upper layer of seeds). We examined the effects of seed dispersal position on the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, non-structural carbohydrate, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content and nutrient content of seedlings. The results showed that leaf nitrogen content per area of seedlings had significantly positive correlation with soluble sugar content, non-structural carbohydrate content, and negative correlation with specific leaf area across different dispersal positions. Seedlings of the moderate litter cover (2 and 4 cm) adopted resource acquisitive strategies by increasing relative chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, non-structural carbohydrate content, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content and phosphorus contents per area, and decreasing specific leaf area to achieve their demands for rapid growth. Seedlings grew on soil surface and beneath the deep litter (6 and 8 cm) adopted the resource conservative strategies with higher leaf nitrogen content per mass and specific leaf area, lower leaf dry matter content, and non-structural carbohydrate content to intercept more effective light resources to compensate for the shady environment brought by deep litter. This would further decrease the probability of seedling mortality due to 'carbon starvation'. Seedlings under litter layer stored starch in leaf, and reduced the energy consumption of photosynthetic tissues (low PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency) to maintain seedling growth. Comprehensive analysis of entropy method indicated that low amount of litter cover (2 cm) significantly promoted seedling growth of C. kawakamii. In the future, we could regulate the thickness of litter layer to promote the growth and regeneration of C. kawakamii seedlings in natural forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xing Jin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Sheng He
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qian-Ru Xiao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jia-Jia Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cong Xing
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jin-Fu Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cai-Xia Shen
- Service Station of Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China
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Bamary Z, Einali A. Changes in Carbon Partitioning and Pattern of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Induced by Arginine Treatment in the Green Microalga Dunaliella salina Under Long-Term Salinity. Microb Ecol 2022; 84:198-212. [PMID: 34396460 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of arginine (Arg) on biochemical responses and antioxidant enzyme activity in the green microalga Dunaliella salina grown at different salt concentrations were investigated. Suspensions adapted with the concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 M NaCl were treated at the exponential growth phase with a concentration of 5 mM Arg. Salt stress was associated with a large decrease in the number of cells and non-reducing sugar levels but accumulated higher amounts of chlorophyll, β-carotene, reducing sugar, starch, total protein, free amino acid, and glycerol. Increased levels of protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, proteolysis, hydrogen peroxide, and antioxidant enzyme activity also occurred during salinity. Arg treatment changed the pattern of biochemical responses in the cells grown at high salinity by directing carbon flow to the biosynthesis of non-reducing sugars instead of starch, lowering levels of hydrogen peroxide, and downregulating antioxidant enzyme activity, but the levels of lipid peroxidation, glycerol, and β-carotene remained nearly unchanged. These results suggest that Arg treatment alleviates salinity-induced oxidative stress in D. salina cells by modifying carbon partitioning and inducing signaling molecules rather than antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bamary
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Einali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
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Qin G, Li Z. Effects of miR-124-3p Silencing on Neuronal Damage in the Hippocampus of Depression Rats by Regulating STAT3 Gene. Comput Math Methods Med 2022; 2022:3733656. [PMID: 35813421 PMCID: PMC9262509 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3733656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective A large amount of evidence shows that the abnormal expression of miRNA plays an important role in the development of depression. Therefore, we investigated the effect of miR-124-3p on neuronal damage in the hippocampus of depression rats. Methods The target genes of miR-124-3p were predicted by the database; the depression model was prepared by subcutaneous injection of corticosterone (CORT), and LV-miR-124-3p asponge lentiviral suspension was given to determine the weight of rats and open-field test, sugar preference experiment, Serum CORT, 5-HT, DA, and NE were measured, observe and record the behavior of rats, including behavior, diet, and hair. The expression of miR-124-3p, STAT3, Bcl-2, and Bax in rat hippocampus was measured. The rat hippocampal neuron cells were extracted and transfected with miR-124-3p inhibitor; the cells were cultured with CORT, and the cell survival rate was evaluated by MTT experiment, and the expressions of miR-124-3p, STAT3, Bcl-2, and Bax in the cells were detected. Luciferase reporter gene verifies the targeted regulation of miR-124-3p on STAT3. Results Compared with depression rats, silencing miR-124-3p increased the weight of the rats, increased the number of open-field activities, and significantly improved the general state and pathological state of the rats. The sugar water preference rate was significantly increased, the CORT content in the serum of rats decreased significantly, and the levels of 5-HT, DA, and NE increased significantly. After the treatment of silencing miR-124-3p, the expression level of miR-124-3p was decreased, while the STAT3 mRNA and protein expression levels were increased. And the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 were increased, and the Bax protein and mRNA expression were decreased. Cell experiments verified that silencing miR-124-3p increased cell survival, the expression level of miR-124-3p decreased remarkably, while the expression levels of STAT3 mRNA and protein increased significantly. Silencing miR-124-3p reversed the effects of CORT treatment on miR-124-3p and STAT3 in neuronal cells. The luciferase reporter gene experiment confirmed that miR-124-3p targets and regulates STAT3 expression. Conclusion Silencing miR-124-3p may protect hippocampal neurons from damage in depression rats by upregulating STAT3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Qin
- Department of Neurology, Shinan District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Second Department of Encephalopathy, Penglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
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Liu D, Gao Z, Li J, Yao Q, Tan W, Xing W, Lu Z. Effects of cadmium stress on the morphology, physiology, cellular ultrastructure, and BvHIPP24 gene expression of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.). Int J Phytoremediation 2022; 25:455-465. [PMID: 35771710 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2090496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism of the response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to cadmium (Cd) stress, this study investigated changes in the phenotype, physiological indexes, and subcellular structure of B. vulgaris under Cd treatment and the transcriptional pattern of the BvHIPP24 gene (a heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein involved in heavy metal detoxification). The plant height and shoot and root growth of B. vulgaris seedlings were inhibited to some extent under 0.5 and 1 mM Cd, with gradually wilting and yellowing of leaves and dark brown roots. When the Cd concentration was increased, malondialdehyde content and the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase increased differentially. qPCR indicated that the expression of BvHIPP24 was induced by different concentrations of Cd. Although transmission electron microscopy revealed damage to nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, B. vulgaris exhibited strong adaptability to 0.5 mM Cd according to a comprehensive analysis using the membership function. The results showed that B. vulgaris may reduce cell damage and improve its Cd tolerance by regulating functional gene expression and antioxidant enzymes. This study increases our understanding of the Cd-tolerance mechanism of B. vulgaris and provides insights into the use of B. vulgaris in Cd bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Liu
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuo Gao
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Yao
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wang Xing
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenqiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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Nava Reyes HJ, Domínguez Robert LF, Pardo Ramírez R, Pizaña Venegas A, Hiriart Valencia G, Monterrubio Flores EL, Nava Aguirre JF, Parra Hernández E, Sánchez Lara AC, Zamudio Cortés P. [Histomorphological changes in newborn rat lung induced by maternal sugar intake]. Andes Pediatr 2022; 93:392-399. [PMID: 35857010 DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v93i3.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory conditions are the most common reason for admission to the neonatal unit for both term and premature newborns. It is known that nutritional imbalances during pregnancy affect the maturation and functional capacity of organs. OBJECTIVE to describe the pulmonary histomorpholo- gy of newborn rats due to maternal sugar intake by light microscopy. MATERIAL AND METHOD Twenty 4-week-old female Wistar rats divided into control and experimental groups with sucrose before and during pregnancy were used. At week 15, the females mated with males overnight. We recorded va lues from the body and lung weight of the newborns. The lungs were stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's trichrome, Periodic acid-Schiff, and Verhoeff. RESULTS Newborns from the experi mental group presented significantly lower body and lung weight (6.980 ± 0.493* g, 0.164 ± 0.022* g; *p < 0,05) compared with controls (7.854 ± 0.497 g, 0.189 ± 0.005 g). The lungs of the experimental group showed structural alterations in the lung parenchyma, as well as changes in glycogen deposits, collagen fibers, and elastin compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Alterations in newborn lung growth and development are associated with maternal sucrose intake. It is important to re member that interventions on the maternal diet have beneficial effects for both the mother and the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Javier Nava Reyes
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Ramiro Pardo Ramírez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alberto Pizaña Venegas
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | | | - Elías Parra Hernández
- Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Pedro Zamudio Cortés
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México, México
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Han C, Qiao Y, Yao L, Hao W, Liu Y, Shi W, Fan M, Bai MY. TOR and SnRK1 fine tune SPEECHLESS transcription and protein stability to optimize stomatal development in response to exogenously supplied sugar. New Phytol 2022; 234:107-121. [PMID: 35060119 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the differentiation of epidermal cells into stomata is regulated by endogenous and environmental signals. Sugar is required for plant epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation. However, it is unclear how epidermal cells maintain division and differentiation to generate proper amounts of stomata in response to different sugar availability. Here, we show that two evolutionarily conserved kinase Snf1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) and Target of rapamycin (TOR) play critical roles in the regulation of stomatal development under different sugar availability. When plants are grown on a medium containing 1% sucrose, sucrose-activated TOR promotes the stomatal development by inducing the expression of SPEECHLESS (SPCH), a master regulator of stomatal development. SnRK1 promotes stomatal development through phosphorylating and stabilizing SPCH. However, under the high sucrose conditions, the highly accumulated trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) represses the activity of KIN10, the catalytic α-subunit of SnRK1, by reducing the interaction between KIN10 and its upstream kinase, consequently promoting SPCH degradation and inhibiting stomatal development. Our findings revealed that TOR and SnRK1 finely regulate SPCH expression and protein stability to optimize the stomatal development in response to exogenously supplied sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lianmei Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wen Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Burgess B, Morris KS, Faith MS, Paluch RA, Kong KL. Added sugars mediate the relation between pre-pregnancy BMI and infant rapid weight gain: a preliminary study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2570-2576. [PMID: 34408257 PMCID: PMC10414969 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental obesity is linked to offspring obesity, though little research has explored factors that might influence this relationship during the complementary feeding period. This study investigated whether infant intakes of added sugars mediate the relationship between a mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and infant rapid weight gain (defined as upward weight-for-age percentile crossing). METHODS This study was of a cross-sectional design. Anthropometrics for 141 mother-infant dyads (mean age [standard deviation]: 32.6 [4.4] year for mothers, 11.9 [1.9] months for infants) were obtained. Data from three 24-h recalls pertaining to the infants' diets were collected and analyzed. Pearson product-moment correlations and multivariable regressions assessed bivariate relationships between pre-pregnancy BMI, infant added sugar intakes and upward weight-for-age percentile crossing. Mediation models evaluated the effects of added sugars and breastfeeding duration. RESULTS Pre-pregnancy BMI correlated positively with infants' added sugar intakes (r = 0.230, p = 0.006). Added sugar intakes mediated the impact of pre-pregnancy BMI on upward weight-for-age percentile crossing (indirect effect = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.0001, 0.0197, indirect/total effect ratio = 0.280). Breastfeeding duration also moderated the relationship, with infants who were breastfed for a shorter duration experiencing a greater mediating effect (indirect effect = 0.010, 95% CI = 0.0014, 0.0277, indirect/direct effect ratio = 0.7368). CONCLUSIONS Mothers who were overweight or obese prior to pregnancy were significantly more likely to give their infants foods and beverages with added sugars, and this practice was found to mediate the relationship between maternal and infant obesity. Breastfeeding duration moderated the mediating effect of added sugars between pre-pregnancy BMI and infant rapid weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Burgess
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Katherine S Morris
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Myles S Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rocco A Paluch
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kai Ling Kong
- Baby Health Behavior Lab, Division of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Snoch W, Wnuk D, Witko T, Staroń J, Bojarski AJ, Jarek E, Plou FJ, Guzik M. In Search of Effective Anticancer Agents-Novel Sugar Esters Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoate Monomers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7238. [PMID: 34281292 PMCID: PMC8268987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest illness globally. Searching for new solutions in cancer treatments is essential because commonly used mixed, targeted and personalized therapies are sometimes not sufficient or are too expensive for common patients. Sugar fatty acid esters (SFAEs) are already well-known as promising candidates for an alternative medical tool. The manuscript brings the reader closer to methods of obtaining various SFAEs using combined biological, chemical and enzymatic methods. It presents how modification of SFAE's hydrophobic chains can influence their cytotoxicity against human skin melanoma and prostate cancer cell lines. The compound's cytotoxicity was determined by an MTT assay, which followed an assessment of SFAEs' potential metastatic properties in concentrations below IC50 values. Despite relatively high IC50 values (63.3-1737.6 μM) of the newly synthesized SFAE, they can compete with other sugar esters already described in the literature. The chosen bioactives caused low polymerization of microtubules and the depolymerization of actin filaments in nontoxic levels, which suggest an apoptotic rather than metastatic process. Altogether, cancer cells showed no propensity for metastasis after treating them with SFAE. They confirmed that lactose-based compounds seem the most promising surfactants among tested sugar esters. This manuscript creates a benchmark for creation of novel anticancer agents based on 3-hydroxylated fatty acids of bacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Snoch
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (W.S.); (T.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Witko
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (W.S.); (T.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Jakub Staroń
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.S.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Ewelina Jarek
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (W.S.); (T.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica, CSIC (Spanish National Research Council), Calle de Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maciej Guzik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (W.S.); (T.W.); (E.J.)
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Nishimura A, Yoshioka A, Kariya K, Ube N, Ueno K, Tebayashi SI, Osaki-Oka K, Ishihara A. Sugars in an aqueous extract of the spent substrate of the mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus induce defense responses in rice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:743-755. [PMID: 33580659 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense responses are activated by various exogenous stimuli. We found that an aqueous extract of spent mushroom substrate used for the cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus induced defense responses in rice. Fractionation of the spent mushroom substrate extract indicated that the compounds responsible for this induction were neutral and hydrophilic molecules with molecular weights lower than 3 kDa. Compounds with these characteristics, namely glucose, fructose, and sucrose, were detected in the extract at concentrations of 17.4, 3.3, and 1.6 mM, respectively, and the treatment of rice leaves with these sugars induced defense responses. Furthermore, microarray analysis indicated that the genes involved in defense responses were commonly activated by the treatment of leaves with spent mushroom substrate extract and glucose. These findings indicate that the induction of defense responses by treatment with spent mushroom substrate extract is, at least in part, attributable to the sugar constituents of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Nishimura
- Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Anna Yoshioka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kariya
- Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Naoki Ube
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kotomi Ueno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tebayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200B Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Sedanza MG, Kim HJ, Seposo X, Yoshida A, Yamaguchi K, Satuito CG. Regulatory Role of Sugars on the Settlement Inducing Activity of a Conspecific Cue in Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3273. [PMID: 33806943 PMCID: PMC8004857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the larval settlement inducing effect of sugars and a conspecific cue from adult shell extract of Crassostrea gigas. To understand how the presence of different chemical cues regulate settlement behavior, oyster larvae were exposed to 12 types of sugars, shell extract-coated and non-coated surfaces, and under varied sugar exposure times. Lectin-glycan interaction effects on settlement and its localization on oyster larval tissues were investigated. The results showed that the conspecific cue elicited a positive concentration dependent settlement inducing trend. Sugars in the absence of a conspecific cue, C. gigas adult shell extract, did not promote settlement. Whereas, in the presence of the cue, showed varied effects, most of which were found inhibitory at different concentrations. Sugar treated larvae exposed for 2 h showed significant settlement inhibition in the presence of a conspecific cue. Neu5Ac, as well as GlcNAc sugars, showed a similar interaction trend with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin. WGA-FITC conjugate showed positive binding on the foot, velum, and mantle when exposed to GlcNAc sugars. This study suggests that a WGA lectin-like receptor and its endogenous ligand are both found in the larval chemoreceptors and the shell Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extract that may complementarily work together to allow the oyster larva greater selectivity during site selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Grace Sedanza
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (A.Y.); (K.Y.); (C.G.S.)
- Institute of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo city 5023, Philippines
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (A.Y.); (K.Y.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Asami Yoshida
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (A.Y.); (K.Y.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (A.Y.); (K.Y.); (C.G.S.)
| | - Cyril Glenn Satuito
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (H.-J.K.); (A.Y.); (K.Y.); (C.G.S.)
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Abi‐Akar F, Schmolke A, Roy C, Galic N, Hinarejos S. Simulating Honey Bee Large-Scale Colony Feeding Studies Using the BEEHAVE Model-Part II: Analysis of Overwintering Outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:2286-2297. [PMID: 32776582 PMCID: PMC7702061 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale colony feeding studies (LSCFSs) aim to assess potential pesticide exposure to and effects on honey bees at the colony level. However, these studies are sometimes affected by high losses of control colonies, indicating that other stressors may impact colonies and confound the analysis of potential pesticide impacts. We assessed the study design and environmental conditions experienced by the untreated control colonies across 7 LSCFSs conducted in North Carolina (USA). Overwintering success differed considerably among the studies, as did their initial colony conditions, amount and timing of sugar feeding, landscape composition, and weather. To assess the effects of these drivers on control colonies' overwintering success, we applied the mechanistic colony model BEEHAVE. Sugar feedings and initial status of the simulated colonies were more important for fall colony condition than were landscape and weather. Colonies that had larger colony sizes and honey stores in the fall were those that began with larger honey stores, were provided more sugar, and had supplemental feedings before the fall. This information can be used to inform the standardization of a study design, which can increase the likelihood of overwintering survival of controls and help ensure that LSCFSs are comparable. Our study demonstrates how a mechanistic model can be used to inform study designs for higher tier effects studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2286-2297. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nika Galic
- Syngenta Crop Protection, GreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
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Häfner SJ. Don't sugar coat the COVID (only the vasculature). Biomed J 2020; 43:393-398. [PMID: 33115641 PMCID: PMC7547304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This issue of the Biomedical Journal acquaints us with the compelling hypothesis that the vascular glycocalyx lies at the intersection of severe COVID-19 risk factors and damages, and the ways used by artificial intelligence to predict interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins. Furthermore, we explore the antiviral potential of valinomycin and the long list of COVID-19-related clinical trials, and learn how (not) to fix a broken femoral head. Last but not least, we get to enjoy the tale of the cellular oxygen-sensing system as well as the role of the host complement system during Leptospira infection, and learn that SARS-CoV-2 can sometimes come with a pathogenic plus one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Julia Häfner
- University of Copenhagen, BRIC Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, Anders Lund Group, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Xiao L, Jiang S, Huang P, Chen F, Wang X, Cheng Z, Miao Y, Liu L, Searle I, Liu C, Wu XX, Fu YF, Chen Q, Zhang XM. Two Nucleoporin98 homologous genes jointly participate in the regulation of starch degradation to repress senescence in Arabidopsis. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:292. [PMID: 32586274 PMCID: PMC7318766 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starch is synthesized during daylight for temporary storage in leaves and then degraded during the subsequent night to support plant growth and development. Impairment of starch degradation leads to stunted growth, even senescence and death. The nuclear pore complex is involved in many cellular processes, but its relationship with starch degradation has been unclear until now. We previously identified that two Nucleoporin98 genes (Nup98a and Nup98b) redundantly regulate flowering via the CONSTANS (CO)-independent pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The double mutant also shows severe senescence phenotypes. RESULTS We find that Nucleoporin 98 participates in the regulation of sugar metabolism in leaves and is also involved in senescence regulation in Arabidopsis. We show that Nup98a and Nup98b function redundantly at different stages of starch degradation. The nup98a-1 nup98b-1 double mutant accumulates more starch, showing a severe early senescence phenotype compared to wild type plants. The expression of marker genes related to starch degradation is impaired in the nup98a-1 nup98b-1 double mutant, and marker genes of carbon starvation and senescence express their products earlier and in higher abundance than in wild type plants, suggesting that abnormalities in energy metabolism are the main cause of senescence in the double mutant. Addition of sucrose to the growth medium rescues early senescence phenotypes of the nup98a-1 nup98b-1 mutant. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for a novel role of the nuclear pore complex in energy metabolism related to growth and development, in which Nup98 functions in starch degradation to control growth regulation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nandajie 12, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Penghui Huang
- MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nandajie 12, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fulu Chen
- MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nandajie 12, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xu Wang
- MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nandajie 12, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nandajie 12, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Iain Searle
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yong-Fu Fu
- MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nandajie 12, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Qingshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nandajie 12, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
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Moayedi S, Yadegar A, Balalaie S, Yarmohammadi M, Zali MR, Suzuki H, Fricker G, Haririan I. Sugar Codes Conjugated Alginate: An Innovative Platform to Make a Strategic Breakthrough in Simultaneous Prophylaxis of GERD and Helicobacter pylori Infection. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:2405-2412. [PMID: 32606607 PMCID: PMC7306573 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s255611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most ubiquitous problems in clinical practice. An antacid-alginate combination (under the trade name Gaviscon) is a natural-based product that effectively suppresses GERD. This product acts via the formation of viscous gel that floats on the top of the gastric content. On the other hand, efficient management of Helicobacter pylori infection with minimal side effects is an important goal for gastroenterologists. Furthermore, some H. pylori-positive patients suffer from GERD. METHODS Here, we present the results of investigations on alginate conjugated to sugar codes in order to find initial clues regarding the potential ability of this conjugate in the simultaneous prophylaxis of GERD and H. pylori infection in an in vitro assay. RESULTS It is noteworthy that our results reveal that sugar codes conjugated alginate considerably decrease (approximately 74%) the adhesion of H. pylori to gastric epithelial cells in vitro. Moreover, surprisingly after conjugation of sugar codes, alginate can maintain its ability to create gel. Our results demonstrate that alginate conjugated to sugar codes is not cytotoxic. CONCLUSION The preparation of these conjugates can be regarded as the first step to establish a new roadmap for the simultaneous prevention of GERD and H. pylori infection in future studies on in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Moayedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Yarmohammadi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa259-1193, Japan
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Eltahir HM, Alamri G, Alamri A, Aloufi A, Nazmy M, Elbadawy H, Bahashwan S, Elbadawy HM, Alahmadi YM, Abouzied M. The metabolic disorders associated with chronic consumption of soft and energy drinks in rats. Acta Biochim Pol 2020; 67:79-84. [PMID: 32191411 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy Drinks (EDs) and Soft Drinks (SDs) are widely consumed among adolescents and young adults. These drinks contain variable amounts of caffeine which is a central nervous system stimulator; in addition to sugar, taurine, vitamins and herbal extracts. Several adverse effects have been reported for the excessive consumption of caffeine and sugar. AIM This work aimed at providing a comparison between the effect of chronic consumption of both drinks on metabolism biochemically as well as at the histopathological level. METHODS Adult albino rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated for 4 weeks. Animals received water (control, group 1), 12.5 ml/kg/day of either Pepsi® (SD, group 2) or Power Horse® (ED, group 3). All animals had free access to water and standard animal chow. RESULTS ED and SD groups showed a significant weight gain compared to control. ED animals showed a significant increase in serum urea, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in comparison to control and SD groups. Serum uric acid significantly increased in ED and SD groups. ED group showed congestion and inflammation in their renal tissues in addition to splenomegaly and increased phagocyte infiltration. CONCLUSION The high caffeine-sugar content in ED exerts a more significant influence on the metabolic pathways than SDs. Both increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and tissue inflammation due to their effect on lipid profile and blood glucose. The other ingredients in EDs may play a role in the observed metabolic disturbances. Chronic use of EDs should be especially discouraged to avoid these negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Eltahir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (subdivision of Biochemistry), College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadi Alamri
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Alamri
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Aloufi
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maiiada Nazmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hossein Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Bahashwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossein M Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser M Alahmadi
- Departments of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mekky Abouzied
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (subdivision of Biochemistry), College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Xuan L, Yan T, Lu L, Zhao X, Wu D, Hua S, Jiang L. Genome-wide association study reveals new genes involved in leaf trichome formation in polyploid oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:675-691. [PMID: 31889328 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf trichomes protect against various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, there is little knowledge about this trait in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Here, we demonstrated that hairy leaves were less attractive to Plutella xylostella larvae than glabrous leaves. We established a core germplasm collection with 290 accessions for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the leaf trichome trait in oilseed rape. We compared the transcriptomes of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) between hairy- and glabrous-leaf genotypes to narrow down the candidate genes identified by GWAS. The single nucleotide polymorphisms and the different transcript levels of BnaA.GL1.a, BnaC.SWEET4.a, BnaC.WAT1.a and BnaC.WAT1.b corresponded to the divergence of the hairy- and glabrous-leaf phenotypes, indicating the role of sugar and/or auxin signalling in leaf trichome initiation. The hairy-leaf SAMs had lower glucose and sucrose contents but higher expression of putative auxin responsive factors than the glabrous-leaf SAMs. Spraying of exogenous auxin (8 μm) increased leaf trichome number in certain genotypes, whereas spraying of sucrose (1%) plus glucose (6%) slightly repressed leaf trichome initiation. These data contribute to the existing knowledge about the genetic control of leaf trichomes and would assist breeding towards the desired leaf surface type in oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Xuan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Lu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinze Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to discuss the data on natural alternative sweeteners and their effects on glucose homeostasis and other metabolic parameters within the past five years. We sought to answer whether common natural alternative sweeteners have a positive or negative effect on glucose control in both human and animal models, and whether the data supports their widespread use as a tool to help reduce the prevalence of diabetes and associated comorbid conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies suggest that natural alternative sweeteners may reduce hyperglycemia, improve lipid metabolism, and have antioxidant effects particularly in those that have baseline diabetes. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome have become a global healthcare crisis and the sugar overconsumption plays a major role. The use of artificial sweeteners has become more prevalent to improve insulin resistance in those with diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, although the evidence does not support this result. There are however some promising data to suggest that natural alternative sweeteners may be a better alternative to sugar and artificial sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mejia
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Michelle Pearlman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Miami Health Systems, Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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