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Baba-Aissa S, Cooke L, Alner V, Ahmed MH. Hypokalaemia associated with excessive cola-flavoured drinks consumption. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258873. [PMID: 38649244 PMCID: PMC11043727 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a case involving a male patient in his 30s who was admitted to hospital due to recurrent episodes of hypokalaemia over the past 5 years. His medical history revealed hypertension, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and paranoia. He was taking citalopram, ramipril, amlodipine, and pramipexole. Tests indicated normal levels of aldosterone/renin ratio and plasma metanephrines. On reviewing his dietary history, it was noted that he consumed 3 to 3.5 L of cola-flavoured drinks on a daily basis. Normal potassium levels were achieved after a significant reduction in cola-flavoured drinks intake and potassium replacement. Subsequent outpatient clinic follow-up revealed that normal potassium levels were maintained even after the patient ceased taking potassium replacement tablets. Given the rarity of hypokalaemia associated with fizzy drinks, the underlying mechanism for this association remains unclear. In this case report, we attempt to provide a possible explanation for the involved mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baba-Aissa
- The Medical School, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Lynn Cooke
- Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Victoria Alner
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Mohamed H Ahmed
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
- Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
- Honorary Senior Lecturer of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK
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Shen C, Hou R, Zhang X, Cai G, Liang C, Gan H, Xu X, Xiang H, Tao F, Cao Y, Peng X. The associations of cola intake with adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women after assisted reproductive technology treatment and women naturally conceived: a birth cohort study. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:1503-1510. [PMID: 38248811 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2023.2286347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The influence of cola intake on birth outcomes is unclear. This study sought to describe and compare the associations between cola intake and adverse birth outcomes among women following assisted reproductive technology (ART) and women spontaneously conceived (SC). Participants (736 ART women and 1,270 SC women) were from the Chinese National Birth Cohort collected in Anhui province. Cola intake was assessed by self-reported questionnaires at each trimester. Outcome measures including preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) were extracted from medical records. The association between cola intake during pregnancy and PTB was found using multivariable log-binomial regression in combined ART and SC women. Separately, for ART women, cola intake during pregnancy increased the risk of PTB (risk ratios were 2.10, 1.65, and 1.81 for all three trimesters, respectively, all p < 0.05), and cola intake in the 1st trimester increased the risk of LWB (risk ratio 2.58, 95% confidence interval 1.29 to 5.16). Cola intake during pregnancy was not associated with PTB or LBW for SC women. Our findings indicate a detrimental effect of cola intake during pregnancy on birth outcomes for ART women. Thus, avoidance of cola intake should be counselled by medical doctors in women prescribed with ART treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruirui Hou
- School of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoqi Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Gan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huifen Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqing Peng
- School of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wu Y, Tan Z, Zhen J, Liu C, Zhang J, Liao F, Dong W. Association between diet soft drink consumption and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: findings from the NHANES. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2286. [PMID: 37985986 PMCID: PMC10658943 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle change plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In recent years, diet soft drinks that emphasize "zero sugar and zero calories" have become all the rage, but whether diet soft drink consumption is associated with MASLD is not clear. METHODS This study included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in 2003-2006. The assessment of MASLD status primarily relied on the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). Weighted multiple Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between diet soft drink consumption and MASLD. Additionally, mediation analysis was performed to examine the mediating effect of body mass index (BMI). RESULTS A total of 2,378 participants were included in the study, among which 1,089 individuals had MASLD, and the weighted prevalence rate was 43.64%. After adjusting for variables related to demographic, lifestyle, and metabolic syndrome, excessive diet soft drink consumption (the "always" frequency) remained significantly associated with the occurrence of MASLD (OR = 1.98, 95%CI = 1.36-2.89, P = 0.003). It was estimated that 84.7% of the total association between diet soft drink consumption and MASLD was mediated by BMI (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Excessive diet soft drink consumption was associated with the occurrence of MASLD. BMI may play a mediating role in the association between diet soft drink consumption and MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongbiao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhai Zhen
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Rehman OU, Fatima E, Arabpour J. The association of excessive soft drinks consumption with early-onset colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2023; 192:113242. [PMID: 37572560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Javad Arabpour
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
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Castro A, Gili M, Visser M, Penninx BWJH, Brouwer IA, Montaño JJ, Pérez-Ara MÁ, García-Toro M, Watkins E, Owens M, Hegerl U, Kohls E, Bot M, Roca M. Soft Drinks and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Overweight Subjects: A Longitudinal Analysis of an European Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:3865. [PMID: 37764652 PMCID: PMC10536294 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies about the association of carbonated/soft drinks, coffee, and tea with depression and anxiety are scarce and inconclusive and little is known about this association in European adults. Our aim was to examine the association between the consumption of these beverages and depressive and anxiety symptom severity. METHODS A total of 941 European overweight adults (mean age, 46.8 years) with subsyndromal depression that participated in the MooDFOOD depression prevention randomized controlled trial (Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT2529423; date of the study: from 2014 to 2018) were analyzed. Depressive and anxiety symptom severity and beverage consumption were assessed using multilevel mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression models for each beverage consumption (carbonated/soft drink with sugar, carbonated/soft drink with non-nutritive sweeteners, coffee, and tea) with the three repeated measures of follow-up (baseline and 6 and 12 months). A case report form for participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Food Frequency Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale, the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0, the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Psychical Activity, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test were the research tools used. RESULTS Daily consumption of carbonated/soft drinks with sugar was associated with a higher level of anxiety. Trends towards significance were found for associations between both daily consumption of carbonated/soft drinks with sugar and non-nutritive sweeteners and a higher level of depression. No relationship was found between coffee and tea consumption and the level of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The high and regular consumption of carbonated/soft drink with sugar (amount of consumption: ≥1 unit (200 mL)/day) tended to be associated with higher level of anxiety in a multicountry sample of overweight subjects with subsyndromal depressive symptoms. It is important to point out that further research in this area is essential to provide valuable information about the intake patterns of non-alcoholic beverages and their relationship with affective disorders in the European adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adoración Castro
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.G.); (M.Á.P.-A.); (M.G.-T.); (M.R.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Margalida Gili
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.G.); (M.Á.P.-A.); (M.G.-T.); (M.R.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.W.J.H.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Ingeborg A. Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.V.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Juan José Montaño
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pérez-Ara
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.G.); (M.Á.P.-A.); (M.G.-T.); (M.R.)
| | - Mauro García-Toro
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.G.); (M.Á.P.-A.); (M.G.-T.); (M.R.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ed Watkins
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK; (E.W.); (M.O.)
| | - Matt Owens
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK; (E.W.); (M.O.)
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.W.J.H.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Miquel Roca
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.G.); (M.Á.P.-A.); (M.G.-T.); (M.R.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Mengoa MGR, Rangel BT, Garcia AAMN, Sugio CYC, Gomes ACG, Sugio CTC, Orikasa GT, Neppelenbroek KH. The challenge of dietary management in soft drink consumption and its oral and systemic repercussions. Nutr Health 2023; 29:395-402. [PMID: 36349359 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221136356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background:Soft drinks are drinks high in sugar and acidity, but low in nutritional benefits. Despite its great popularity, its consumption is alerted due to the numerous systemic harm caused. Aim:This work aims to provide information and critically review the literature on the risk of soft drink consumption in an integrative view with nutritional, dental, and medical aspects. Methods:A search was carried out based on the identification of the theme, determination of inclusion and exclusion criteria, selection of databases for research and, finally, the reading, interpretation, and discussion of the selected sources. A search was conducted using the keywords: "soft drinks" AND "obesity" OR "dental erosion" OR "diabetes" OR "hypertension" OR "mental health" OR "multimorbidities" in databases PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS between 2017 and 2022. Results:Seventy-six studies were included in the article after the qualitative synthesis. Conclusion:We conclude that the high consumption of soft drinks is associated with oral and general diseases. Therefore, a multi-professional approach to guide patients to moderate the consumption of these beverages is extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriela Robles Mengoa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Bianca Tavares Rangel
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Yoshi Campos Sugio
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Anna Clara Gurgel Gomes
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Li Y, Huang M, Hua Y, Hui Z, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Du J, Ni C, Wang X. Soft drinks, tea and coffee consumption in relation to risk of fracture: evidence from china health and nutrition survey. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:621-630. [PMID: 37261542 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the association between soft drinks, tea and coffee consumption, and risk of fracture in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study with multi-stage random cluster sampling was conducted in nine Chinese provinces in 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011. A total of 36,740 participants were included the data analyses. Self-administered questionnaires and physical examinations provided data on beverages consumption, fracture history, and other potential risk factors. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for potentially confounding variables. RESULTS The prevalence of fracture increased over the 7-year period of the surveys, with 1833 (5.3%) participants reporting a fracture history. Soft drink consumption increased over this time period, and tea consumption was relatively stable, whereas coffee consumption tended to increase sharply. Consumers of soft drinks ≥ 3 times/week (versus never) had a higher risk of fracture (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.43-2.32, p < 0.001, p for trend = 0.039). Consumers of tea ≥ 5 cups/day (versus never) also had a higher risk of fracture (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.09-1.45, p = 0.028, p for trend < 0.001). Similarly, consumers of coffee ≥ 2 cups/day (versus never) had a higher risk of fracture (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.01-3.34, p = 0.045, p for trend = 0.002). Subgroup analyses by gender suggested that coffee consumption increased risk of fracture in females (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.32-2.63, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that high consumption of soft drinks, tea and coffee is associated with an increased risk of fracture in the Chinese population. Which has important public health implications given the widespread consumption of these beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhaozhao Hui
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chunping Ni
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Zhao L, Zhang X, Coday M, Garcia DO, Li X, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Naughton MJ, Lopez-Pentecost M, Saquib N, Shadyab AH, Simon MS, Snetselaar LG, Tabung FK, Tobias DK, VoPham T, McGlynn KA, Sesso HD, Giovannucci E, Manson JE, Hu FB, Tinker LF, Zhang X. Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Liver Cancer and Chronic Liver Disease Mortality. JAMA 2023; 330:537-546. [PMID: 37552302 PMCID: PMC10410478 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Importance Approximately 65% of adults in the US consume sugar-sweetened beverages daily. Objective To study the associations between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and incidence of liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective cohort with 98 786 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative from 1993 to 1998 at 40 clinical centers in the US and were followed up to March 1, 2020. Exposures Sugar-sweetened beverage intake was assessed based on a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline and defined as the sum of regular soft drinks and fruit drinks (not including fruit juice); artificially sweetened beverage intake was measured at 3-year follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were (1) liver cancer incidence, and (2) mortality due to chronic liver disease, defined as death from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, alcoholic liver diseases, and chronic hepatitis. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for liver cancer incidence and for chronic liver disease mortality, adjusting for potential confounders including demographics and lifestyle factors. Results During a median follow-up of 20.9 years, 207 women developed liver cancer and 148 died from chronic liver disease. At baseline, 6.8% of women consumed 1 or more sugar-sweetened beverage servings per day, and 13.1% consumed 1 or more artificially sweetened beverage servings per day at 3-year follow-up. Compared with intake of 3 or fewer servings of sugar-sweetened beverages per month, those who consumed 1 or more servings per day had a significantly higher risk of liver cancer (18.0 vs 10.3 per 100 000 person-years [P value for trend = .02]; adjusted HR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.16-2.96]; P = .01) and chronic liver disease mortality (17.7 vs 7.1 per 100 000 person-years [P value for trend <.001]; adjusted HR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.03-2.75]; P = .04). Compared with intake of 3 or fewer artificially sweetened beverages per month, individuals who consumed 1 or more artificially sweetened beverages per day did not have significantly increased incidence of liver cancer (11.8 vs 10.2 per 100 000 person-years [P value for trend = .70]; adjusted HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.70-1.94]; P = .55) or chronic liver disease mortality (7.1 vs 5.3 per 100 000 person-years [P value for trend = .32]; adjusted HR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.49-1.84]; P = .88). Conclusions and Relevance In postmenopausal women, compared with consuming 3 or fewer servings of sugar-sweetened beverages per month, those who consumed 1 or more sugar-sweetened beverages per day had a higher incidence of liver cancer and death from chronic liver disease. Future studies should confirm these findings and identify the biological pathways of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longgang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mace Coday
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - David O. Garcia
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Michelle J. Naughton
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Bukariyah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Michael S. Simon
- Population Studies and Prevention Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Linda G. Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Fred K. Tabung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center-James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deirdre K. Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lesley F. Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Azzeh FS, Hamouh AE. Predictors of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption and its effect on adiposity parameters of female Saudi students. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31983. [PMID: 36626469 PMCID: PMC9750641 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has recently increased, accompanied by a steep increase in the consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (SSCBs). This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the impact of SSCB consumption on adiposity parameters and to identify factors associated with increased SSCB intake among young adult females in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A validated closed questionnaire including 2 sections, general socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics and anthropometric measurements, was used for data collection of female students (n = 1616) from Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body composition were measured using an Omron HBF-510 body composition analyzer. Overall, 30.2% of the study participants consumed soda regularly. However, the percentages of occasional and never/rare soda intake were 40.1% and 29.7%, respectively. The results showed that BMI, WC, HC, body fat, and visceral fat increased with increasing SSCB intake. Physical inactivity, low income, smoking, low daily water intake, and obesity were associated with increased consumption of SSCB. In conclusion, a high rate of SSCB consumption increased obesity and body fat content in young adult females in Makkah City. Physical inactivity, low income, smoking, low daily water intake, and obesity were identified as predictors of increased SSCB consumption. Specific health education programs and effective public awareness campaigns could be held to address unhealthy SSCB drinking patterns to help improve young women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas S. Azzeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- * Correspondence: Firas Azzeh, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: )
| | - Abrar E. Hamouh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Sakaki JR, Gao S, Ha K, Chavarro JE, Chen MH, Sun Q, Hart JE, Chun OK. Childhood beverage intake and risk of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia in young adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:954-964. [PMID: 35761780 PMCID: PMC9951226 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiological analysis assessing beverage consumption and risk factors for cardiovascular disease was conducted. Participants were 9-16 years old at enrolment, completed food frequency questionnaires in 1996-2001 and self-reported outcomes in 2010-2014. Exclusion criteria included missing data on relevant variables and covariates, prevalent disease before 2005, and implausible/extreme weight or energy intake. Intakes of orange juice, apple/other fruit juice, sugar-sweetened beverages and diet soda were related to the risk of incident hypertension or hyperlipidaemia using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for diet, energy intake, age, smoking, physical activity and body mass index. There were 9,043 participants with 618 cases of hypertension and 850 of hyperlipidaemia in 17 years of mean follow-up. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake but not fruit juice nor diet soda was associated with hypertension (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.16 (1.03, 1.31)) in males. This study can guide beverage consumption as it relates to early predictors of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi R. Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Rd., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Simiao Gao
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, 215 Glenbrook Rd., U-4120, Storrs, CT, 06269
| | - Kyungho Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, 215 Glenbrook Rd., U-4120, Storrs, CT, 06269
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, 3rd Fl West, Boston, MA 02215.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 27 Manter Rd., Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269
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11
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Kvalvik LG, Klungsøyr K, Igland J, Caspersen IH, Brantsæter AL, Solberg BS, Hartman C, Schweren LJS, Larsson H, Li L, Forthun I, Johansson S, Arias Vasquez A, Haavik J. Association of sweetened carbonated beverage consumption during pregnancy and ADHD symptoms in the offspring: a study from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2153-2166. [PMID: 35066701 PMCID: PMC9106638 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrauterine exposures influence offspring health and development. Here we investigated maternal intake of sweetened carbonated beverages (SCB) during pregnancy and its association with ADHD symptoms in the offspring. METHODS This study was based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Maternal diet mid-pregnancy was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). All mothers who responded to the FFQ and a questionnaire when their child was 8 years of age were included (n = 39,870). The exposure was defined as maternal intake (daily servings) of SCB, using no daily intake as reference. Outcome was offspring ADHD symptoms, evaluated as a continuous standardized ADHD score and as a binary outcome of six or more ADHD symptoms vs. five symptoms or less. Associations were analysed using log-binomial regression and linear mixed regression models with adjustment for covariates. RESULTS The adjusted regression coefficients for the standardized ADHD offspring symptom score were 0.31 [95% confidence intervals (0.001, 0.62)] and 0.46 (0.15, 0.77) for maternal daily intake of ≥ 1 glasses of SCB, when the models included adjustments for total energy intake or energy intake from other sources than SCBs and sweet drinks, respectively. The corresponding adjusted relative risks were 1.16 (1.004, 1.34) and 1.21. (1.05, 1.39) for drinking ≥ 1 glasses daily. CONCLUSION In a large pregnancy cohort with offspring followed until 8 years of age, we found an association between maternal daily intake of SCB and offspring ADHD symptoms. These results suggest a weak positive relationship between prenatal exposure to SCB and offspring ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Grimstvedt Kvalvik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Skretting Solberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Child- and Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatient Unit, Hospital Betanien, Bergen, Norway
| | - Catharina Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychiatry and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lizanne Johanna Stephanie Schweren
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychiatry and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Li
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ingeborg Forthun
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Jász M, Szőke J. Dental Erosion and Its Relation to Potential Influencing Factors among 12-year-old Hungarian Schoolchildren. Oral Health Prev Dent 2022; 20:95-102. [PMID: 35285597 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b2805391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional observational study evaluated the frequency of dental erosion in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Hungary and its connection to gender, geographical region, eating/drinking habits, and to socioeconomic factors, such as the educational level of their mothers. MATERIALS AND METHODS 579 randomly selected children aged 12 (287 boys and 292 girls) were examined in our cross-sectional study from 14 different regions in Hungary. Clinical examinations were carried out by the same examiner, using the 'Basic Erosive Wear Examination' (BEWE) index. A self-administered questionnaire was filled in by each child, surveying their oral hygiene, nutritional habits and socioeconomic status. RESULTS 21.2% of the children showed dentitions with signs of erosion. We found statistically significantly higher BEWE scores in urban than in rural areas (p = 0.0058). There was no difference between genders. Among children drinking carbonated soft drinks once or more daily, the prevalence of BEWE score < 3 was statistically significantly lower than among those who consumed these kinds of beverages less frequently (83.6% vs 90%, respectively, p = 0.034). Children of mothers with a highschool diploma had a BEWE score ≥ 3 statistically significantly less frequently than those whose mothers had not graduated from highschool (8.4% vs 22.5%, respectively, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dental erosion among 12-year-old children in Hungary is not as high as reported previously in Western European countries. A positive correlation was observed between the consumption of carbonated soft drinks, the educational level of the mothers and the level of erosion. These factors statistically significantly affected the prevalence and severity of erosive dental lesions.
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13
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Samman M, Kaye E, Cabral H, Scott T, Sohn W. Diet drinks and dental caries among U.S. adults: cluster analysis. Community Dent Health 2022; 39:33-39. [PMID: 34862864 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00154samman07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages has been declining, while low calorie sweetener and diet beverage consumption is increasing. Evidence about the effect of diet drinks on dental caries is insufficient, and has not accounted for the complexity of beverage consumption patterns. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the association between consuming diet drinks and dental caries among US adults. METHODS We analyzed 2011-2014 NHANES dietary data of adults using cluster analysis, with individuals grouped based on their beverage consumption. Clusters were identified based on the R-square statistic and the local peak of the pseudo F statistic. Survey procedure and sample weights were used to account for the complex NHANES sampling design. RESULTS Four beverage consumption patterns were identified: "high soda", "high diet drinks", "high coffee/tea" and "high water". The "High soda" cluster was the only one associated with higher DMFT after controlling for confounders (β=1.02, 95% CI=0.42 - 1.63), whereas DT was associated with "high soda" (β=0.45, 95% CI=0.25 - 0.64) and "high coffee/tea" (β=0.24, 95% CI=0.01 - 0.47). On the other hand, the "high diet drinks" cluster was neither associated with DMFT (β=0.69, 95% CI=0.51 - -0.35) nor DT (β=0.07, 95% CI=-0.21 - 0.35). CONCLUSION Diet drinks consumption may not be associated with increased risk of dental caries. However, more studies should be conducted in order to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Samman
- Dental Public Health, King Abulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Kaye
- Health Policy & Health Services Research, Boston University, Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, United States
| | - H Cabral
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, United States
| | - T Scott
- Health Policy & Health Services Research, Boston University, Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, United States
| | - W Sohn
- Population Oral Health, University of Sydney, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Australia
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15
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Tsujimoto Y, Nakamura T, Onishi J, Ishimaru N, Iwata N, Fujisawa H, Suzuki A, Sugimura Y, Chihara K. Ketoacidosis, Hypertriglyceridemia and Acute Pancreatitis Induced by Soft Drink Polydipsia in a Patient with Occult Central Diabetes Insipidus. Intern Med 2022; 61:365-371. [PMID: 34373377 PMCID: PMC8866797 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7663-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 21-year-old Japanese man without known diabetes mellitus had abdominal pain. The diagnosis was ketoacidosis and hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis. He had polydipsia and polyuria and had habitually drunk several soft drinks every day for two years. After hospitalization, despite adequate liquid intake, dehydration remained with hypotonic polyuria. Further examinations revealed the coexistence of central diabetes insipidus (CDI), possibly caused by lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophysitis, based on anti-rabphilin-3A antibody positivity. Although CDI had been undiagnosed for two years, over-consumption of sugar-rich soft drinks to ease thirst caused ketoacidosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and acute pancreatitis. There are no previous reports of this three-part combination of symptoms caused by CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Tsujimoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Akashi Medical Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nakamura
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Akashi Medical Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Jun Onishi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Akashi Medical Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishimaru
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Akashi Medical Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoko Iwata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Daido Hospital, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Japan
| | - Haruki Fujisawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sugimura
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Japan
| | - Kazuo Chihara
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Akashi Medical Center Hospital, Japan
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16
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Ferretti F, Mariani M, Sarti E. Is the development of obesogenic food environments a self-reinforcing process? Evidence from soft drink consumption. Global Health 2021; 17:91. [PMID: 34407853 PMCID: PMC8371432 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how the development of obesogenic food environments and the consumption of ultra-processed foods and beverages influence each other can help policymakers to identify effective ways to curb the current obesity epidemic. This paper was designed to investigate whether, and to what extent, the consumption of soft drinks and the prevalence of obesity are linked through feedback effects. METHODS An ecological study design and a simultaneous equation model were used to investigate the existence of a vicious cycle between the consumption of soft drinks and the prevalence of obesity. The analysis was based on a longitudinal dataset covering per capita sales of soft drinks, the age-standardised prevalence rate of obesity and several demographic and socio-economic control variables in a sample of 98 countries worldwide for the period 2005-2019. RESULTS Using a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression model with fixed effects, we documented a self-reinforcing process that links consumption and obesity. Changes in the spread of obesity were associated with changes in soft drink consumption: a one-unit increase in the age-adjusted prevalence rate of obesity increased consumption by about 2.39 l per person per year. Similarly, as the consumption of soft drinks rose, so did the prevalence of obesity: the age-adjusted rate of obesity increased by 0.07% for every additional litre consumed per capita. Computing the impact multipliers, we found that the outcome of a one-unit decrease in the average price of soft drinks was twofold: a) the prevalence of obesity increased by around 0.17%; and b) consumption increased by around 2.40 l per person, the sum of the increase directly caused by the price reduction (2 l) and the increase due to the interplay between consumption and obesity (0.4 l). CONCLUSIONS This study has identified a feedback loop between unhealthy habits (i.e. the consumption of soft drinks) and health outcomes (i.e. the prevalence of obesity). This interplay amplifies the impact of any exogenous changes in the determinants of consumption and obesity. These feedback effects should be considered and exploited in planning effective strategies to tackle the burden of obesity and the global epidemic of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ferretti
- School of Social Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
- Department of Communication and Economics, Viale Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Michele Mariani
- School of Social Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Communication and Economics, Viale Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Sarti
- School of Social Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Communication and Economics, Viale Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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17
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Kurz CF, König AN. The causal impact of sugar taxes on soft drink sales: evidence from France and Hungary. Eur J Health Econ 2021; 22:905-915. [PMID: 33792852 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are associated with increased body weight and obesity, which induce a wide array of health impairments such as diabetes or cardiovascular disorders. Excise taxes have been introduced to counteract SSB consumption. We investigated the effect of sugar taxes on SSB sales in Hungary and France using a synthetic control approach. For France, we found a slight decrease in SSB sales after tax implementation while overall soft drink sales increased. For Hungary, there was only a short-term decrease in SSB sales which disappeared after 2 years, leading to an overall increase in SSB sales. However, both effects are characterized by great uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F Kurz
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich School of Management, Munich Center of Health Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Adriana N König
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich School of Management, Munich Center of Health Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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18
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Cao G, González J, Ortiz Fragola JP, Muller A, Tumarkin M, Moriondo M, Azzato F, Blanco MV, Milei J. Structural changes in endocrine pancreas of male Wistar rats due to chronic cola drink consumption. Role of PDX-1. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243340. [PMID: 34115756 PMCID: PMC8195359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this work was to analyze the structural changes of the pancreatic islets in rats, after 6 month consuming regular and light cola for 6 months. Also, we have analyzed the possible role of PDX-1 in that process. Finally, with the available knowledge, we propose a general working hypothesis that explains the succession of phenomena observed. Previously, we reported evidence showing that chronic cola consumption in rats impairs pancreatic metabolism of insulin and glucagon and produces some alterations typically observed in the metabolic syndrome, with an increase in oxidative stress. Of note It is worth mentioning that no apoptosis nor proliferation of islet cells could be demonstrated. In the present study, 36 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups to and given free access to freely drink regular cola (C), light cola (L), or water (W, control). We assessed the impact of the three different beverages in on glucose tolerance, lipid levels, creatinine levels and immunohistochemical changes addressed for the expression of insulin, glucagon, PDX-1 and NGN3 in islet cells, to evaluate the possible participation of PDX-1 in the changes observed in α and β cells after 6 months of treatment. Moreover, we assessed by stereological methods, the mean volume of islets (Vi) and three important variables: the fractional β -cell area, the cross-sectional area of alpha (A α-cell) and beta cells (A β-cell), and the number of β and α cell per body weight. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple t-test or by Kruskal-Wallis test, then followed by Dunn’s test (depending on distribution). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Cola drinking caused impaired glucose tolerance as well as fasting hyperglycemia (mean:148; CI:137–153; p<0.05 vs W) and an increase of in insulin immunolabeling (27.3±19.7; p<0.05 vs W and L). Immunohistochemical expression for PDX-1 was significantly high in C group compared to W (0.79±0.71; p<0.05). In this case, we observed cytoplasmatic and nuclear localization. Likewise, a mild but significant decrease of in Vi was detected after 6 months in C compared to W group (8.2±2.5; p<0.05). Also, we observed a significant decrease of in the fractional β cell area (78.2±30.9; p<0.05) compared to W. Accordingly, a reduced mean value of islet α and β cell number per body weight (0.05±0.02 and 0.08±0.04 respectively; both p<0.05) compared to W was detected. Interestingly, consumption of light cola increased the Vi (10.7±3.6; p<0.05) compared to W. In line with this, a decreased cross-sectional area of β-cells was observed after chronic consumption of both, regular (78.2±30.9; p<0.05) and light cola (110.5±24.3; p<0.05), compared to W. As for, NGN3, it was negative in all three groups. Our results support the idea that PDX-1 plays a key role in the dynamics of the pancreatic islets after chronic consumption of sweetened beverages. In this experimental model, the loss of islets cells might be attributed to autophagy, favored by the local metabolic conditions and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cao
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de La Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Julián González
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P. Ortiz Fragola
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angélica Muller
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Tumarkin
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Moriondo
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Azzato
- Facultad de Medicina, Sexta Cátedra de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Vazquez Blanco
- Facultad de Medicina, Sexta Cátedra de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Milei
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Sexta Cátedra de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mitchell CM, Piaggi P, O’Brien DM, Krakoff J, Votruba SB. Metabolic Characterization of Meat, Fish, and Soda Intake in Males: Secondary Results from a Randomized Inpatient Pilot Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:995-1002. [PMID: 33938613 PMCID: PMC9528993 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate whether a 12-week, weight-maintaining, macronutrient-stable dietary intervention that varies only by meat, fish, or soda consumption alters 24-hour energy expenditure (24hrEE) and substrate oxidation. METHODS Healthy males were recruited to participate in a 12-week inpatient study and were randomized to a weight-maintaining dietary intervention that contained varying combinations of meat (0% or 19%), fish (0% or 6%), or soda (0% or 14%) in a factorial design. Macronutrient composition across dietary intervention groups was as follows: 50% of energy from carbohydrates, 30% of energy from fat, and 20% of energy from protein. Whole-room indirect calorimetry at baseline and week 12 were used to measure 24hrEE and substrate oxidation. RESULTS Twenty-six males (mean [SEM], age: 46.6 [10.4] years; BMI: 26.9 [4.1] kg/m2 ) completed all measurements. Fish consumption resulted in higher 24hrEE by 126 (55) kcal/d compared with no fish consumption (P = 0.03), whereas 24hrEE for soda consumption was 132 (56) kcal/d (P = 0.03) lower. Approximately 80% of the decrease in 24hrEE with soda consumption was due to lower awake-inactive energy expenditure (EE; P = 0.001). No specific EE component accounted for the differences observed with fish consumption. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that dietary sources of protein and carbohydrates appear to influence 24hrEE and inactive EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie M. Mitchell
- 4212 N. 16 Street, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85016 USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- 4212 N. 16 Street, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85016 USA
| | - Diane M. O’Brien
- 230 Artic Health Research Building, Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- 4212 N. 16 Street, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85016 USA
| | - Susanne B. Votruba
- 4212 N. 16 Street, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, 85016 USA
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20
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Heath AK, Clasen JL, Jayanth NP, Jenab M, Tjønneland A, Petersen KEN, Overvad K, Srour B, Katzke V, Bergmann MM, Schulze MB, Masala G, Krogh V, Tumino R, Catalano A, Pasanisi F, Brustad M, Olsen KS, Skeie G, Luján-Barroso L, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Amiano P, Santiuste C, Barricarte Gurrea A, Axelson H, Ramne S, Ljungberg B, Watts EL, Huybrechts I, Weiderpass E, Riboli E, Muller DC. Soft Drink and Juice Consumption and Renal Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1270-1274. [PMID: 33849969 PMCID: PMC7611361 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 80% of kidney cancers in adults, and obesity is a known risk factor. Regular consumption of sweetened beverages has been linked to obesity and several chronic diseases, including some types of cancer. It is uncertain whether soft drink and juice consumption is associated with risk of RCC. We investigated the associations of soft drink and juice consumption with RCC incidence and mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). METHODS A total of 389,220 EPIC participants with median age of 52 years at recruitment (1991-2000) were included. Cox regression yielded adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for RCC incidence and mortality in relation to intakes of juices and total, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened soft drinks. RESULTS A total of 888 incident RCCs and 356 RCC deaths were identified. In models including adjustment for body mass index and energy intake, there was no higher risk of incident RCC associated with consumption of juices (HR per 100 g/day increment = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.97-1.09), total soft drinks (HR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98-1.05), sugar-sweetened soft drinks (HR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94-1.05), or artificially sweetened soft drinks (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96-1.08). In these fully adjusted models, none of the beverages was associated with RCC mortality (HR, 95% CI per 100 g/day increment 1.06, 0.97-1.16; 1.03, 0.98-1.09; 0.97, 0.89-1.07; and 1.06, 0.99-1.14, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of juices or soft drinks was not associated with RCC incidence or mortality after adjusting for obesity. IMPACT Soft drink and juice intakes are unlikely to play an independent role in RCC development or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Heath
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Joanna L Clasen
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick P Jayanth
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department on Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bernard Srour
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network-ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7) Ragusa, Italy
| | - Alberto Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pasanisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Guri Skeie
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Leila Luján-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carmen Santiuste
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - Håkan Axelson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stina Ramne
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eleanor L Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C Muller
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Graneri LT, Mamo JCL, D’Alonzo Z, Lam V, Takechi R. Chronic Intake of Energy Drinks and Their Sugar Free Substitution Similarly Promotes Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041202. [PMID: 33917297 PMCID: PMC8067378 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy drinks containing significant quantities of caffeine, taurine and sugar are increasingly consumed, particularly by adolescents and young adults. The putative effects of chronic ingestion of either standard energy drink, MotherTM (ED), or its sugar-free formulation (sfED) on metabolic syndrome were determined in wild-type C57BL/6J mice, in comparison to a soft drink, Coca-Cola (SD), a Western-styled diet enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA), and a combination of SFA + ED. Following 13 weeks of intervention, mice treated with ED were hyperglycaemic and hypertriglyceridaemic, indicating higher triglyceride glucose index, which was similar to the mice maintained on SD. Surprisingly, the mice maintained on sfED also showed signs of insulin resistance with hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and greater triglyceride glucose index, comparable to the ED group mice. In addition, the ED mice had greater adiposity primarily due to the increase in white adipose tissue, although the body weight was comparable to the control mice receiving only water. The mice maintained on SFA diet exhibited significantly greater weight gain, body fat, cholesterol and insulin, whilst blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations remained comparable to the control mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the consumption of both standard and sugar-free forms of energy drinks induces metabolic syndrome, particularly insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam T. Graneri
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (L.T.G.); (J.C.L.M.); (Z.D.); (V.L.)
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - John C. L. Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (L.T.G.); (J.C.L.M.); (Z.D.); (V.L.)
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Zachary D’Alonzo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (L.T.G.); (J.C.L.M.); (Z.D.); (V.L.)
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (L.T.G.); (J.C.L.M.); (Z.D.); (V.L.)
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (L.T.G.); (J.C.L.M.); (Z.D.); (V.L.)
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-92662607
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Barbosa J, da Silva A, Kac G, Simões V, Bettiol H, Cavalli R, Barbieri M, Ribeiro C. Is soft drink consumption associated with gestational hypertension? Results from the BRISA cohort. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e10162. [PMID: 33503157 PMCID: PMC7822461 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still unknown whether excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may be linked to gestational hypertensive disorders, other than preeclampsia. This study investigated the association between soft drink consumption and hypertension during pregnancy, analyzing the relationship from the perspective of counterfactual causal theory. Data from pregnant women of the BRISA cohort were analyzed (1,380 in São Luis and 1,370 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil). The explanatory variable was the frequency of soft drink consumption during pregnancy obtained in a prenatal interview. The outcome was gestational hypertension based on medical diagnosis, at the time of delivery. A theoretical model of the association between soft drink consumption and gestational hypertension was constructed using a directed acyclic graph. Marginal structural models (MSM) weighted by the inverse of the probability of soft drink consumption were also employed. Using Poisson regression analysis, high soft drink consumption (≥7 times/week) was associated with gestational hypertension in São Luís (RR=1.48; 95%CI: 1.03-2.10), in Ribeirão Preto (RR=1.51; 95%CI: 1.13-2.01), and in the two cohorts combined (RR=1.45; 95%CI: 1.16-1.82) compared to lower exposure (<7 times/week). In the MSM, the association between high soft drink consumption and gestational hypertension was observed in Ribeirão Preto (RR=1.63; 95%CI: 1.21-2.19) and in the two cohorts combined (RR=1.51; 95%CI: 1.15-1.97), but not in São Luís (RR=1.26; 95%CI: 0.79-2.00). High soft drink consumption seems to be a risk factor for gestational hypertension, suggesting that it should be discouraged during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M.A. Barbosa
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - A.A.M. da Silva
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - G. Kac
- Departamento de Nutrição Social Aplicada, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - V.M.F. Simões
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - H. Bettiol
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - R.C. Cavalli
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M.A. Barbieri
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - C.C.C. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Odontologia II, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
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Tarragon E, Calleja-Conde J, Giné E, Segovia-Rodríguez L, Durán-González P, Echeverry-Alzate V. Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: what about taurine? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1-8. [PMID: 33175215 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Since energy drinks (EDs) were marketed to the general public as recreational and soft drinks, mixing these with alcohol has become a popular practice, especially in the younger population. Alcohol mixed with EDs (AmEDs) is a particularly alarming combination, given the evidence that consistently associate these drinks with increased risk behaviours and greater alcohol consumption. Caffeine and taurine are commonly found in EDs. In contrast to caffeine, the studies on taurine psychoactive properties and how this amino acid influences ethanol intake alone or in combination with caffeine are not so numerous. OBJECTIVES We summarised relevant and available data on the studies focusing on taurine as a psychoactive agent and its influence on ethanol (EtOH)-induced behaviours. Given the increased risk that represents mixing alcohol with energy drinks, we put emphasis on the research exploring the impact of these combinations on motivated behaviour towards EtOH consumption. RESULTS The research on taurine properties on motivated behaviour towards EtOH consumption is limited, and mostly all done in combination with caffeine or other molecules. This makes it difficult to elucidate the effect of this amino acid when combined with alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Incomplete understanding of the properties and effects of AmEDs is unavoidable until more studies are performed on the influence of taurine on motivation to consume alcohol. Taurine should be further explored, particularly in regard to its potential beneficial applications, motivational properties and synergies with other psychoactive ingredients (i.e. caffeine).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tarragon
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology on Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Faculty of Health Sciences, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - J Calleja-Conde
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology on Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Giné
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Segovia-Rodríguez
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology on Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Durán-González
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology on Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Echeverry-Alzate
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology on Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Kessler P, Türp JC. Influence of Coca-Cola on orthodontic materials. A systematic review. Swiss Dent J 2020; 130:983-993. [PMID: 33267535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This analysis was conducted to assess the impact of Coca-Cola on orthodontic materials compared to that of other fluids. Electronical searches were carried out in PubMed, Livivo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov, supplemented by manual searches in the reference lists of the articles selected for full text evaluation. The risk of bias was assessed on the basis of a "risk of bias summary." A total of 216 bibliographic summaries of articles were obtained, eleven of which were relevant. Nine of these papers showed a low risk, while two publications from one in vivo study exhibited a high risk of bias. The continuing influence of Coca-Cola caused significant discoloration of elastomeric materials and resulted in significantly lower shear bond strength of the brackets and higher corrosion. With regard to orthodontic appliances, additional in situ and in vivo studies are desirable. Special attention should be paid to an appropriate number of samples or patients, as most investigations lacked a sufficient number of test subjects. In addition, investigations with long observation periods and documented beverage consumption should be preferred. The intake of cola-containing beverages during orthodontic therapy and the exposure duration of these beverages to orthodontic material should be reduced to a minimum, as this can impair the adhesive strength and lead to corrosion of orthodontic brackets. The interval between orthodontic appointments should be short to avoid discoloration of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kessler
- University School of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Danube Private University (DPU), Krems, Austria
| | - Jens Christoph Türp
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Torres-Ibarra L, Rivera-Paredez B, Hernández-López R, Canto-Osorio F, Sánchez-Romero LM, López-Olmedo N, González-Morales R, Ramírez P, Salmerón J, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T. Regular consumption of soft drinks is associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in Mexican adults: findings from a prospective cohort study. Nutr J 2020; 19:126. [PMID: 33218344 PMCID: PMC7678283 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high consumption of soft drinks has been associated with excess of type 2 diabetes risk, the strength of this association in the Mexican population, where a type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility has been well established, has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes due to soft drinks consumption in a cohort of Mexicans. METHODS We used data on 1445 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study, a prospective cohort conducted in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Soft drinks consumption was assessed with a semi-quantitative 116-item food frequency questionnaire. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as self-report of physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose > 126 mg/dl, or hypoglycemic medication at any examination. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS With a total of 9526.2 person-years of follow-up, 109 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were observed. Type 2 diabetes incidence rate was 7.6, 11.0, and 17.1 per 1000 person-years across levels of soft drinks consumption of < 1, 1-4, and ≥ 5 servings/week, respectively (p < 0.001 for trend). The intake of ≥5 soft drinks/week was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 1.9 95% CI:1.0-3.5) compared with consumption of < 1/week (p-trend = 0.040). The HR was attenuated by further adjustment for body mass index (HR 1.5 95%CI:0.8-2.8) and abdominal obesity (HR 1.6 95%CI:0.8-3.0). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of soft drinks was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of Mexican adults. Our results further support recommendations to limit soft drinks intake to address the growing diabetes epidemic in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Torres-Ibarra
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center on Policies, Population and Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubí Hernández-López
- Research Center on Policies, Population and Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Canto-Osorio
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luz María Sánchez-Romero
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Romina González-Morales
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Paula Ramírez
- Epidemiological Research and Health Services Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Research Center on Policies, Population and Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rogers NT, Pell D, Penney TL, Mytton O, Briggs A, Cummins S, Rayner M, Rutter H, Scarborough P, Sharp SJ, Smith RD, White M, Adams J. Anticipatory changes in British household purchases of soft drinks associated with the announcement of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy: A controlled interrupted time series analysis. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003269. [PMID: 33180869 PMCID: PMC7660521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is positively associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The World Health Organization recommends that member states implement effective taxes on SSBs to reduce consumption. The United Kingdom Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL) is a two-tiered tax, announced in March 2016 and implemented in April 2018. Drinks with ≥8 g of sugar per 100 ml (higher levy tier) are taxed at £0.24 per litre, drinks with ≥5 to <8 g of sugar per 100 ml (lower levy tier) are taxed at £0.18 per litre, and drinks with <5 g sugar per 100 ml (no levy) are not taxed. Milk-based drinks, pure fruit juices, drinks sold as powder, and drinks with >1.2% alcohol by volume are exempt. We aimed to determine if the announcement of the SDIL was associated with anticipatory changes in purchases of soft drinks prior to implementation of the SDIL in April 2018. We explored differences in the volume of and amount of sugar in household purchases of drinks in each levy tier at 2 years post announcement. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used controlled interrupted time series to compare observed changes associated with the announcement of the SDIL to the counterfactual scenario of no announcement. We used data from Kantar Worldpanel, a commercial household purchasing panel with approximately 30,000 British members that includes linked nutritional data on purchases. We conducted separate analyses for drinks liable for the SDIL in the higher, lower, and no-levy tiers controlling with household purchase volumes of toiletries. At 2 years post announcement, there was no difference in volume of or sugar from purchases of higher-levy-tier drinks compared to the counterfactual of no announcement. In contrast, a reversal of the existing upward trend in volume (ml) of and amount of sugar (g) in purchases of lower-levy-tier drinks was seen. These changes led to a -96.1 ml (95% confidence interval [CI] -144.2 to -48.0) reduction in volume and -6.4 g (95% CI -9.8 to -3.1) reduction in sugar purchased in these drinks per household per week. There was a reversal of the existing downward trend in the amount of sugar in household purchases of the no-levy drinks but no change in volume purchased. At 2 years post announcement, these changes led to a 6.1 g (95% CI 3.9-8.2) increase in sugar purchased in these drinks per household per week. There was no evidence that volume of or amount of sugar in purchases of all drinks combined was different from the counterfactual. This is an observational study, and changes other than the SDIL may have been responsible for the results reported. Purchases consumed outside of the home were not accounted for. CONCLUSIONS The announcement of the UK SDIL was associated with reductions in volume and sugar purchased in lower-levy-tier drinks before implementation. These were offset by increases in sugar purchased from no-levy drinks. These findings may reflect reformulation of drinks from the lower levy to no-levy tier with removal of some but not all sugar, alongside changes in consumer attitudes and beliefs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN18042742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina T. Rogers
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - David Pell
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tarra L. Penney
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Faculty of health, School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Keele Campus, Toronto, Canada
| | - Oliver Mytton
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Briggs
- Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Division of Health Sciences, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environment and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Rayner
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Scarborough
- Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Smith
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Medical School Building, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Korkmaz E, Kaptan A. Cross-Sectional Analysis of Prevalence and Aetiological Factors of Dental Erosion in Turkish Children Aged 7-14 Years. Oral Health Prev Dent 2020; 18:959-971. [PMID: 33215487 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a45436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, distribution, and the associated factors of tooth erosion in Turkish school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed on a representative sample of 473 children (aged 7-14 years) from 11 public schools in Turkey. Parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data. A questionnaire was also given to the children, to collect data pertaining to personal demographic details and habits of consuming acidic foods and drinks. The O'Sullivan index was used to assess affected permanent teeth. The data were analysed using a chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Dental erosion was observed in 21.8% of the children. Lesions were most often observed in the enamel with less than half of the buccal surface affected. Erosion was found to be statistically significantly higher in older children and in those with an elevated body mass index (BMI) (p <0.05). The consumption of fruit juices, drinks with cola, orange soft drinks, gaseous, cocoa milk, iced tea, sodas, sports drinks, energy drinks, oranges, lemons, kiwis, grapefruits, apples, peaches, and fruit yogurts was statistically significantly higher in students with erosion (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between students' sex, systemic disease, premature birth and low birth weight, exercise activity level, socioeconomic status, parental education level, and oral hygiene habits with erosion (p >0.05). CONCLUSION Although erosive lesions were limited to the enamel, the prevalence of erosion was high. Erosion was statistically significantly associated with older age, elevated BMI, consumption of certain beverages, and fruit.
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Zhang T, Bian S, Gu Y, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang X, Cao X, Li H, Liu Y, Li X, Wang X, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jiao H, Jia Q, Song K, Wu XH, Wu Y, Niu K. Sugar-containing carbonated beverages consumption is associated with hyperuricemia in general adults: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1645-1652. [PMID: 32669242 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research evidence supports a positive link between sugar-containing soft beverages and hyperuricemia. However, data thus far are mostly from Caucasian populations. And in sugar-containing soft beverages overall, sugar-containing carbonated beverages are purchased most often. Therefore, we investigated whether the high consumption of sugar-containing carbonated beverages was associated with the prevalence of hyperuricemia among adults in China. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 25,507 adults (13,013 men and 12,494 women) in Tianjin, China. Sugar-containing carbonated beverages intake was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid levels ≥7.0 mg/dL in men and ≥ 6 mg/dL in women. The association between carbonated beverages consumption and hyperuricemia was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in men and women was 23.4% and 8.2%, respectively. After adjustments for potential confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for hyperuricemia across sugar-containing carbonated beverages consumption were 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) for <1-3 cups/week, 1.49 (1.25, 1.77) for ≥4 cups/week in men (P for trend < 0.005) and 1.11 (0.91, 1.34) for <1-3 cups/week (P for trend = 0.27), 1.70 (1.23, 2.31) for ≥4 cups/week in women (P for trend < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional survey demonstrated that increased consumption of sugar-containing carbonated beverages is associated with hyperuricemia among adults in China. Restricted sugar-containing carbonated beverages intake might be beneficial to the prevention of hyperuricemia in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Bian
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingqi Cao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiping Li
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohe Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanli Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-H Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuntang Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
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Alsukait R, Wilde P, Bleich SN, Singh G, Folta SC. Evaluating Saudi Arabia's 50% carbonated drink excise tax: Changes in prices and volume sales. Econ Hum Biol 2020; 38:100868. [PMID: 32302767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alsukait
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Address: 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA, 02111, United States; Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Parke Wilde
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Address: 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA, 02111, United States.
| | - Sara N Bleich
- Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Address: 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
| | - Gitanjali Singh
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Address: 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA, 02111, United States.
| | - Sara C Folta
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Address: 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA, 02111, United States.
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Jagim AR, Harty PS, Fischer KM, Kerksick CM, Erickson JL. Adverse Events Reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration Related to Caffeine-Containing Products. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1594-1603. [PMID: 32753134 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in the frequency and severity of federally reported adverse events between caffeine-containing and non-caffeine-containing products while also identifying the category of caffeine-containing products associated with the highest frequency and severity of adverse events. PATIENTS AND METHODS All adverse event reports that met specified eligibility criteria and were submitted to the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Adverse Event Reporting System between January 1, 2014, and June 29, 2018, were extracted. In this retrospective observational study, the most severe adverse event experienced, an ordinal variable, was categorized into death, life-threatening, hospitalization/disability, and emergency department visit. A nonproportional odds model was used to compare the odds of caffeine-containing products being associated with more severe adverse events relative to a noncaffeine group. The analysis is of data only from those reporting adverse events and may or may not be representative of the entire population exposed to these products, which is not known from the examined data. RESULTS Energy and preworkout products saw a significant increase in the odds of the adverse event experienced being death rather than the other less severe outcomes relative to the noncaffeinated group. Those products, along with weight loss products, had greater odds of the adverse event being death or life-threatening vs the less severe outcomes relative to the noncaffeinated group. CONCLUSION Caffeine-containing products have a greater association with severe adverse events compared with non-caffeine-containing products. Exposure to preworkout and weight loss products had greater odds of being associated with a more serious adverse event relative to noncaffeinated products. Health care practitioners should use these outcomes to better inform and educate patients about the many factors related to caffeine intake and adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Jagim
- Department of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Onalaska, WI.
| | - Patrick S Harty
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Karen M Fischer
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Chad M Kerksick
- Exercise & Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO
| | - Jacob L Erickson
- Department of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Onalaska, WI
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Kadel P, Schneider S, Mata J. Soft drink consumption and mental health problems: Longitudinal relations in children and adolescents. Soc Sci Med 2020; 258:113123. [PMID: 32593956 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased soft drink consumption has been proposed as both predictor and result of mental health problems. Although possible mechanisms for both directions have been suggested, understanding of the association is limited. Most previous research has been cross-sectional and could not assess directionality. METHOD This study investigated the directionality of the association between soft drink consumption and mental health using longitudinal panel data of 5882 children and adolescents from the nationally representative German KiGGS baseline study (2003-2006) and KiGGS Wave 1 (2009-2012). Soft drink consumption and mental health problems were assessed by standardized questionnaire (baseline) and telephone interview (Wave 1). Four cross-lagged panel models were specified and compared regarding their fit indices. Specific paths were tested for significance. RESULTS Positive cross-sectional associations between soft drink consumption and mental health problems were found at both measurement points (ps < .01), even after controlling for third variables (including age, gender, and socioeconomic status). Only the lagged effect of mental health problems on soft drink consumption reached statistical significance (β = 0.031, p = .020), but not the effect in the opposite direction. The corresponding model also showed the best model fit overall. CONCLUSIONS Mental health problems predicted soft drink consumption over an average of six years, but not vice versa. These findings suggest that consuming soft drinks might be a dysfunctional strategy of coping with mental health problems for children and adolescents and highlight the importance of considering mental health problems in the prevention of soft drink overconsumption and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kadel
- Health Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sven Schneider
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Jutta Mata
- Health Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany
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Qin P, Li Q, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Sun X, Liu Y, Li H, Wang T, Chen X, Zhou Q, Guo C, Zhang D, Tian G, Liu D, Qie R, Han M, Huang S, Wu X, Li Y, Feng Y, Yang X, Hu F, Hu D, Zhang M. Sugar and artificially sweetened beverages and risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:655-671. [PMID: 32529512 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) has increasingly been linked with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and all-cause mortality, evidence remains conflicted and dose-response meta-analyses of the associations are lacking. We conducted an updated meta-analysis to synthesize the knowledge about their associations and to explore their dose-response relations. We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Open Grey up to September 2019 for prospective cohort studies investigating the associations in adults. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the dose-response association. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate linear/non-linear relations. We included 39 articles in the meta-analysis. For each 250-mL/d increase in SSB and ASB intake, the risk increased by 12% (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.19, I2 = 67.7%) and 21% (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.35, I2 = 47.2%) for obesity, 19% (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.13-1.25, I2 = 82.4%) and 15% (RR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26, I2 = 92.6%) for T2DM, 10% (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.14, I2 = 58.4%) and 8% (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.10, I2 = 24.3%) for hypertension, and 4% (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, I2 = 58.0%) and 6% (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10, I2 = 80.8%) for all-cause mortality. For SSBs, restricted cubic splines showed linear associations with risk of obesity (Pnon-linearity = 0.359), T2DM (Pnon-linearity = 0.706), hypertension (Pnon-linearity = 0.510) and all-cause mortality (Pnon-linearity = 0.259). For ASBs, we found linear associations with risk of obesity (Pnon-linearity = 0.299) and T2DM (Pnon-linearity = 0.847) and non-linear associations with hypertension (Pnon-linearity = 0.019) and all-cause mortality (Pnon-linearity = 0.048). Increased consumption of SSBs and ASBs is associated with risk of obesity, T2DM, hypertension, and all-cause mortality. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because the present analyses were based on only cohort but not intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanman Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghui Li
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieqiang Wang
- Key Lab of Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Key Lab of Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionggui Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Tian
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechen Liu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Qie
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Han
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbing Huang
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Mental Health, Bao'an Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Feng
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjin Yang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, No. 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Zurita S. [Not Available]. Rev Med Suisse 2020; 16:1012. [PMID: 32401446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Owen AJ, Abramson MJ, Ikin JF, McCaffrey TA, Pomeroy S, Borg BM, Gao CX, Brown D, Liew D. Recommended Intake of Key Food Groups and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Australian Older, Rural-Dwelling Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030860. [PMID: 32210180 PMCID: PMC7146596 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between diet quality scores and cardiometabolic risk factors in regionally-dwelling older Australian adults with increased cardiovascular risk. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of demographic, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic risk factor data from 458 participants of the Cardiovascular Stream of the Hazelwood Health Study. Participants completed a 120 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, education, diabetes, and body mass index was used to examine the relationship between diet and cardiometabolic risk factors. Mean (SD) age of participants was 71 (8) years, and 55% were male. More than half of men and women did not meet recommended intakes of fibre, while 60% of men and 42% of women exceeded recommended dietary sodium intakes. Higher diet quality in terms of intake of vegetables, grains, and non-processed meat, as well as intake of non-fried fish, was associated with more favourable cardiometabolic risk profiles, while sugar-sweetened soft drink intake was strongly associated with adverse cardiometabolic risk factor levels. In older, regionally-dwelling adults, dietary public health strategies that address whole grain products, vegetable and fish consumption, and sugar-sweetened soft-drink intake may be of benefit in reducing cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J. Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9903-0045
| | - Michael J. Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Jill F. Ikin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Tracy A. McCaffrey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Sylvia Pomeroy
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Brigitte M. Borg
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
- Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Caroline X. Gao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
| | - David Brown
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
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Eltahir HM, Alamri G, Alamri A, Aloufi A, Nazmy M, Elbadawy H, Bahashwan S, Elbadawy HM, Alahmadi YM, Abouzied M. The metabolic disorders associated with chronic consumption of soft and energy drinks in rats. Acta Biochim Pol 2020; 67:79-84. [PMID: 32191411 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy Drinks (EDs) and Soft Drinks (SDs) are widely consumed among adolescents and young adults. These drinks contain variable amounts of caffeine which is a central nervous system stimulator; in addition to sugar, taurine, vitamins and herbal extracts. Several adverse effects have been reported for the excessive consumption of caffeine and sugar. AIM This work aimed at providing a comparison between the effect of chronic consumption of both drinks on metabolism biochemically as well as at the histopathological level. METHODS Adult albino rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated for 4 weeks. Animals received water (control, group 1), 12.5 ml/kg/day of either Pepsi® (SD, group 2) or Power Horse® (ED, group 3). All animals had free access to water and standard animal chow. RESULTS ED and SD groups showed a significant weight gain compared to control. ED animals showed a significant increase in serum urea, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in comparison to control and SD groups. Serum uric acid significantly increased in ED and SD groups. ED group showed congestion and inflammation in their renal tissues in addition to splenomegaly and increased phagocyte infiltration. CONCLUSION The high caffeine-sugar content in ED exerts a more significant influence on the metabolic pathways than SDs. Both increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and tissue inflammation due to their effect on lipid profile and blood glucose. The other ingredients in EDs may play a role in the observed metabolic disturbances. Chronic use of EDs should be especially discouraged to avoid these negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Eltahir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (subdivision of Biochemistry), College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadi Alamri
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Alamri
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Aloufi
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maiiada Nazmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hossein Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Bahashwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossein M Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser M Alahmadi
- Departments of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mekky Abouzied
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (subdivision of Biochemistry), College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Chen L, Liu R, Zhao Y, Shi Z. High Consumption of Soft Drinks Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Fracture: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E530. [PMID: 32092922 PMCID: PMC7071508 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Fracture causes a substantial burden to society globally. Some studies have found that soft drinks consumption was associated with the risk of fractures. We aimed to assess the association in the Chinese population; (2) Methods: Data from 17,383 adults aged 20 to 75 years old attending the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed. Soft drinks consumption and fracture occurrence were self-reported. The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between soft drink and fracture was assessed using multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression and Cox regression; (3) Results: After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary patterns, compared with those who did not consume soft drinks, participants with daily consumption of soft drinks had an odds ratio (95%CI) of 2.72 (95%CI: 1.45-5.09) for fracture. During a mean 5-year follow-up, there were 569 incident fracture cases. Compared with non-consumers, those with daily soft drinks consumption had a hazard ratio (95%CI) of 4.69 (95%CI: 2.80-7.88) for incident fracture; (4) Conclusions: Soft drinks consumption is directly associated with the risk of fracture. Reducing soft drinks consumption should be considered as an important strategy for individual and population levels to maintain bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.C.); (R.L.)
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.C.); (R.L.)
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.C.); (R.L.)
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Science, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
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Chiu S, Siri-Tarino P, Bergeron N, Suh JH, Krauss RM. A Randomized Study of the Effect of Replacing Sugar-Sweetened Soda by Reduced Fat Milk on Cardiometabolic Health in Male Adolescent Soda Drinkers. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020405. [PMID: 32033078 PMCID: PMC7071288 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Soda consumption in adolescents has been linked to poorer metabolic outcomes. We tested whether replacing soda with reduced fat milk would improve features of atherogenic dyslipidemia and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Thirty overweight and obese adolescent boys who were habitual consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages were randomly assigned to consume 24 oz/day of sugar-sweetened soda or an energy equivalent of reduced fat (2%) milk for 3 weeks with crossover to the alternate beverage after a ≥ 2 weeks washout. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins and other laboratory measures were assessed after each beverage period. Lipid and lipoprotein measurements, C-reactive protein, and serum transaminases did not differ significantly between the soda and milk phases of the study. Systolic blood pressure z-score and uric acid concentration were significantly lower after consuming milk compared to soda. Milk consumption also significantly decreased plasma glucosyl ceramide (d18:1/C16:0) and lactosylceramides (d18:1/C16:0 and d18:1/C18:0). While no effects of replacing soda with milk on lipid and lipoprotein measurements were observed in these normolipidemic weight-stable adolescent boys, decreases in systolic blood pressure, uric acid, and glycosphingolipids suggest that an overall favorable effect on cardiometabolic risk can be achieved following a short-term dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Chiu
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute; 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; (S.C.); (P.S.-T.); (N.B.); (J.H.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Patty Siri-Tarino
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute; 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; (S.C.); (P.S.-T.); (N.B.); (J.H.S.)
- Siri Tarino Consulting, Piedmont, CA 94611, USA
| | - Nathalie Bergeron
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute; 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; (S.C.); (P.S.-T.); (N.B.); (J.H.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Jung H. Suh
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute; 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; (S.C.); (P.S.-T.); (N.B.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute; 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; (S.C.); (P.S.-T.); (N.B.); (J.H.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Correspondence:
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Garduño‐Alanís A, Malyutina S, Pajak A, Stepaniak U, Kubinova R, Denisova D, Pikhart H, Peasey A, Bobak M, Stefler D. Association between soft drink, fruit juice consumption and obesity in Eastern Europe: cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the HAPIEE study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:66-77. [PMID: 31475413 PMCID: PMC8425279 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit juice and soft drink consumption have been shown to be related to obesity. However, this relationship has not been explored in Eastern Europe. The present study aimed to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between fruit juice, soft drink consumption and body mass index (BMI) in Eastern European cohorts. METHODS Data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe population-based prospective cohort study, based in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic, were used. Intakes of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), artificially-sweetened beverage (ASB) and fruit juice were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Participant BMI values were assessed at baseline (n = 26 634) and after a 3-year follow-up (data available only for Russia, n = 5205). RESULTS Soft drink consumption was generally low, particularly in Russia. Compared to never drinkers of SSB, participants who drank SSB every day had a significantly higher BMI in the Czech [β-coefficient = 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.02-0.54], Russian (β-coefficient = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.62-2.15) and Polish (β-coefficient = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.29-1.37) cohorts. Occasional or daily ASB consumption was also positively associated with BMI in all three cohorts. Results for daily fruit juice intake were inconsistent, with a positive association amongst Russians (β-coefficient = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.28-1.21) but a negative trend in the Czech Republic (β-coefficient = -0.42; 95% CI = -0.86 to 0.02). Russians participants who drank SSB or ASB had an increased BMI after follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support previous studies suggesting that soft drink consumption (including SSBs and ASBs) is positively related to BMI, whereas our results for fruit juice were less consistent. Policies regarding these beverages should be considered in Eastern Europe to lower the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Garduño‐Alanís
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Research DepartmentUniversidad de la Salud del Estado de MéxicoTolucaMéxico
| | - S. Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and GeneticsSiberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State Medical UniversityNovosibirskRussia
| | - A. Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population StudiesJagiellonian University Collegium MedicumKrakowPoland
| | - U. Stepaniak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population StudiesJagiellonian University Collegium MedicumKrakowPoland
| | - R. Kubinova
- National Institute of Public HealthPragueCzech Republic
| | - D. Denisova
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and GeneticsSiberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - H. Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - D. Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Skurka C. You Mad? Using Anger Appeals to Promote Activism Intentions and Policy Support in the Context of Sugary Drink Marketing to Kids. Health Commun 2019; 34:1775-1787. [PMID: 30335527 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1536943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One proposed solution to address childhood obesity is to limit children's exposure to advertising for sugar-sweetened beverages. Might persuasive appeals be able to channel anger toward the soda industry in order to promote support for marketing regulations and increase intentions to engage in activism around this issue? This study sought to answer this question by drawing on research in communication and psychology about the relationships between anger, persuasion, and activism-related outcomes. Participants (N = 551) were randomly assigned to read one of four messages about sugary drink marketing to kids, following a 2 (anger: high vs. low) × 2 (efficacy: high vs. low) design, or to a no-exposure control group. There was a main effect of the anger manipulation on policy support, which was driven by support for punitively oriented policies. Although no main effects were observed for activism intentions, mediation analyses indicated indirect effects of the anger and efficacy appeals on intentions by way of evoked anger and perceived efficacy, respectively. Contrary to expectations, messaging effects did not differ for pro-attitudinal and counter-attitudinal groups. Implications for public health advocacy and persuasion research are discussed.
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Al-Zalabani AH, Noor Elahi I, Katib A, Alamri AG, Halawani A, Alsindi NM, Almatrafi M, Wesselius A, Stewart KFJ. Association between soft drinks consumption and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029046. [PMID: 31615794 PMCID: PMC6797295 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To carry out meta-analysis and systematic review on the association between soft drinks consumption and asthma prevalence among adults and children. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational research. DATA SOURCES Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched up to December 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included observational studies investigating the association between soft drinks consumption (including maternal consumption during pregnancy) and asthma or wheeze. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted by one author and reviewed independently by two other authors. The most adjusted estimate from each original study was used in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects model. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. RESULTS Of 725 publications originally identified, 19 were included in this systematic review, including 3 cohort studies and 16 cross-sectional studies. Ten articles reported on children up to 18 years, 5 articles on adults (>18 years) and 2 articles on prenatal exposure. In total, 468 836 participants were included, with more than 50 000 asthma cases. Soft drinks consumption was associated with significantly increased odds of asthma in both adults (OR=1.37; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.52) and children (OR=1.14; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.21). Prenatal exposure had marginally statistically significant association (OR=1.11; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.23) with asthma in children. In subgroup analysis for childhood exposure, the association persists for sugar-sweetened soft drinks but not for carbonated drinks. CONCLUSION Our findings show a positive association between soft drinks consumption and asthma prevalence, mostly from cross-sectional studies. Therefore, more longitudinal research is required to establish causality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Noor Elahi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Katib
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Alamri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Halawani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Alsindi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almatrafi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anke Wesselius
- NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Chisté LA, Pereira BP, Porto ML, de Oliveira JP, de Assis ALEM, Nogueira BV, Meyrelles SS, de Andrade TU, Campos-Toimil M, Vasquez EC, Campagnaro BP, Pereira TMC. Worsening of Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Atherosclerotic Lesions in Aged LDLr -/- Mice after Consumption of Guarana Soft Drinks. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019; 2019:9042526. [PMID: 31281596 PMCID: PMC6590538 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9042526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive consumption of soft drinks (SD) has become a health problem worldwide due to its association with related cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the possible impacts associated with the consumption of Brazilian guarana (normal and zero) SD in dyslipidemic mice, thus mitigating potential clinical confounders such as poor-quality diet, lifestyle, body composition, and/or comorbidities. METHODS Sixteen-month-old LDLr-/- mice were divided into the following groups: (1) control; (2) GSD: normal guarana SD; and (3) Z-GSD: zero guarana SD. All were fed ad libitum, and blood pressure was measured noninvasively. After 8 weeks, aorta, blood, liver, and stomach samples were collected for histological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Guarana soft drinks increased atherosclerosis (~60%) and were associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis (~2-fold) of blood cells, besides presenting an increase in liver and gastric damage even in normoglycemia. Interestingly, Z-GSD did not cause the aforementioned changes, except in hemodynamic and renal parameters. CONCLUSIONS Chronic administration of GSD is prooxidative, compromising the cardiovascular, gastric, and hepatic systems; the effects are due at least in part to free sugar consumption but not to guarana extract per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Aparecida Chisté
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Peters Pereira
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Marcella Leite Porto
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology (IFES), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Jairo Pinto de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure Carlos Alberto Redins (LUCCAR), Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Arícia Leone Evangelista Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure Carlos Alberto Redins (LUCCAR), Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure Carlos Alberto Redins (LUCCAR), Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Silvana Santos Meyrelles
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Uggere de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CDPHARMA), Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elisardo Corral Vasquez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Melo Costa Pereira
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology (IFES), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
- Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CDPHARMA), Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Sundborn G, Thornley S, Merriman TR, Lang B, King C, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. Are Liquid Sugars Different from Solid Sugar in Their Ability to Cause Metabolic Syndrome? Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:879-887. [PMID: 31054268 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intake of sugary drinks, especially soft drinks, carries increased risk for obesity and diabetes. This article reviews whether sugary drinks carry different risks for metabolic syndrome compared with foods that contain natural or added sugars. METHODS A narrative review was performed to evaluate differences between liquid and solid sugars in their ability to induce metabolic syndrome and to discuss potential mechanisms to account for the differences. RESULTS Epidemiological studies support liquid added sugars, such as soft drinks, as carrying greater risk for development of metabolic syndrome compared with solid sugar. Some studies suggest that fruit juice may also confer relatively higher risk for weight gain and insulin resistance compared with natural fruits. Experimental evidence suggests this may be due to differences in how fructose is metabolized. Fructose induces metabolic disease by reducing the energy levels in liver cells, mediated by the concentration of fructose to which the cells are exposed. The concentration relates to the quantity and speed at which fructose is ingested, absorbed, and metabolized. CONCLUSIONS Although reduced intake of added sugars (sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup) remains a general recommendation, there is evidence that sugary soft drinks may provide greater health risks relative to sugar-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sundborn
- Department of Pacific Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Thornley
- Auckland Regional Public Health Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bodo Lang
- Department of Marketing, Business School, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher King
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies were controversial in the association between beverage intake and risk of Crohn disease (CD). This study aimed to investigate the role of beverage intake in the development of CD. A systematic search was conducted in public databases to identify all relevant studies, and study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Sixteen studies were identified with a total of 130,431 participants and 1933 CD cases. No significant association was detected between alcohol intake and CD risk (RR for the highest vs the lowest consumption level: 0.85, 95% CI 0.68-1.08), and coffee intake and the risk (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.46-1.46). High intake of soft drinks was associated with CD risk (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.01-1.98), and tea intake was inversely associated with CD risk (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53-0.93). In conclusion, high intake of soft drinks might increase the risk of CD, whereas tea intake might decrease the risk.
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Stern D, Mazariegos M, Ortiz-Panozo E, Campos H, Malik VS, Lajous M, López-Ridaura R. Sugar-Sweetened Soda Consumption Increases Diabetes Risk Among Mexican Women. J Nutr 2019; 149:795-803. [PMID: 31050751 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence supports an association between sugar-sweetened soda consumption and diabetes. However, evidence regarding this association is limited in countries that have recently undergone a nutritional transition. OBJECTIVE We estimated the association between sugar-sweetened soda consumption and incident diabetes. We also determined if the association between sugar-sweetened soda and diabetes differs as a result of early life factors and potential genetic susceptibility. METHODS We used data from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort including 72,667 women aged ≥25 y, free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. We assessed sugar-sweetened soda consumption using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Diabetes was self-reported. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate the association between quintiles of sugar-sweetend soda and diabetes. We also estimated the associaiton by increasing one serving per day (355 mL) of sugar-sweetened soda. We conducted prespecified subgroup analysis by potential effect modifiers, namely markers of energy balance of early life factors, family history of diabetes, and Amerindian admixture. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 2.16 y (IQR 0.75-4.50) we identified 3,155 incident cases of diabetes. The median consumption of sugar-sweetened soda was 1.17 servings per day (IQR 0.47- 4.00). In multivariable analyses, comparing extreme quintiles showed that higher sugar-sweetened soda consumption was associated with diabetes incidence (HR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.49), and each additional serving per day of sugar-sweetened soda was associated with an increase of 27% in diabetes incidence (HR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.38). The soda-diabetes association was stronger among women who experienced intrauterine and childhood over-nutrition (high birth weight, no short stature, higher adiposity in premenarche, and higher adiposity at age 18-20 y old). CONCLUSION Sugar-sweetened soda consumption is associated with an increased risk of diabetes among Mexican women in a magnitude similar to that reported in other populations. The stronger association among individuals with markers of early life over-nutrition reinforce the need for early life interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Stern
- CONACyT - Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mónica Mazariegos
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo
- Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Hannia Campos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Nutrición Traslacional y Salud (CIINT), Universidad Hispanoamericana, San José, Costa Rica
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Vasanti S Malik
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Martin Lajous
- Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ruy López-Ridaura
- Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Abbasi J. Unpacking a Recent Study Linking Diet Soda With Stroke Risks. JAMA 2019; 321:1554-1555. [PMID: 30942824 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ibrahim AA, Qamar B, Fituri S, Akbar ZA, Al-Abdi T, Shi Z. Association between Soft Drink Consumption and Asthma among Qatari Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030606. [PMID: 30871131 PMCID: PMC6471171 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between soft drink consumption and asthma and lung function among Qatari adults. In the cross-sectional study, we used data from 986 Qatari participants aged 20 years and above attending the Qatar Biobank Study. Usual consumption of soft drink was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Lung function was measured by spirometry and asthma was based on self-report. The associations between soft drink consumption and asthma and lung function were assessed using multivariable logistic and linear regression, respectively. In total, 65 participants out of 986 (6.6%) reported having asthma. A clear dose-response relationship between soft drink consumption and asthma was found. High soft drink consumers (≥7 times/week) were 2.60 (95% CI 1.20–5.63) times more likely to have asthma as compared to non-consumers. The association was partly mediated by BMI and inflammation. Diet soft drink consumption was positively associated with asthma (OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.02–1.23)) but not with lung function. Regular soft drink consumption was inversely associated with FEV1, but not with FVC. In conclusion, soft drink consumption is positively associated with asthma in Qatari adults. The association is partly mediated by obesity and inflammation. Limiting soft drink consumption should be taken into consideration for asthma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Al Ibrahim
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Bushra Qamar
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sundus Fituri
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Zoha Ali Akbar
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tamara Al-Abdi
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
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Tsuchiya S, Sawada S, Takeda K, Takahashi K, Nakajima T, Kohata M, Kurosawa S, Satake C, Imai J, Kikuchi K, Aiba S, Katagiri H. Eruptive xanthomas in a patient with soft-drink diabetic ketosis and apolipoprotein E4/2. Endocr J 2019; 66:107-114. [PMID: 30393272 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-drink diabetic ketosis, characterized by acute onset ketosis induced by excessive ingestion of sugar-containing drinks, is often seen in obese, young patients, even with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. We herein report a 15-year-old obese patient with the apolipoprotein E4/2 phenotype, in whom eruptive xanthomas lead to a diagnosis of soft-drink diabetic ketosis. He developed multiple asymptomatic yellowish papules on the auricles, back, buttocks and the extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees. He initially visited a dermatology clinic and his blood triglyceride and HbA1c levels were found to be 6,490 mg/dL and 16.5%, respectively. He was referred to our hospital for treatment of hyperglycemia and hypertyriglyceridemia. On admission, he had ketonuria and increased blood levels of 3-hydroxybutylate and acetoacetate. He habitually drank 1-3 litters of sweet beverages daily to quench his thirst. Therefore, "soft-drink diabetic ketosis" was diagnosed. Severe hypertriglyceridemia was considered to have been a consequence of impaired insulin action and his apolipoprotein E4/2 phenotype. We treated the diabetic ketosis and hypertriglyceridemia with intensive insulin therapy and a fat-restricted diet. At discharge, he no longer required insulin therapy and his blood glucose levels were controlled with metformin and voglibose. Along with amelioration of the hyperglycemia, triglyceride levels decreased to 247 mg/dL without administration of anti-hyperlipidemia agents. The eruptive xanthoma lesions gradually diminished in size and number and eventually disappeared by 12 months. This case provides an instructive example of eruptive xanthomas serving as a sign of severe dysregulation, not only of lipid, but also glucose, metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kana Takeda
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeko Nakajima
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masato Kohata
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoko Kurosawa
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Chihiro Satake
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Junta Imai
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Katsuko Kikuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Katagiri
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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Abstract
Four years of wide-ranging anthropological research yielded a surprising discovery: the Coca-Cola Company, working through an industry-funded scientific nonprofit, had quietly reshaped China's obesity science and policy to align with Coke's position that exercise, not food and drink, is what matters-a view few experts accept. Hoping to get the results to the key audiences, the author submitted a capstone article to a series of high-impact medical journals that was repeatedly rejected. Eventually the article was published in a top journal, but not as "scientific research." This prompted reflection on the differences between the methods of anthropology and medical science. Anthropological research is distinguished by methodological openness, serendipity, narrative sense-making, and personalism. It is personalistic in that the body is a research tool, and a solo researcher at the center acts as data clearinghouse and marshals regional expertise to show how things make cultural sense. Using the Coke-in-China research, this article illustrates how this systematic yet self-consciously subjective approach was effective in breaching the walls of industry science and uncovering the social ties and institutional mechanisms that allowed corporate schemes to remain hidden while gaining such power. The author encourages readers in medicine and public health to think about the complex, human process by which they reach their own conclusions. A better understanding of how each science is human in its own way might open up space for greater dialogue and even more collaborative knowledge-making at the crossroads of anthropology and the health sciences.
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Shroff P, Gondivkar SM, Kumbhare SP, Sarode S, Gadbail AR, Patil S. Analyses of the Erosive Potential of Various Soft Drinks and Packaged Fruit Juices on Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:1546-1551. [PMID: 30713187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the erosive potential of twenty beverages (8 carbonated drinks and 12 packaged fruit juices). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one sound permanent freshly extracted teeth were segmented into small enamel slices and stored in normal saline. The titratable acidity of each experimental drink was measured as the amount of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) required to raise pH to 5.5 and 7. The enamel specimens were incubated in freshly collected human saliva for 3 hours. One enamel slice was immersed in each beverage and percentage weight loss in the enamel slice was calculated after 6 and 24 hours intervals. RESULTS The titratable acidity values of the experimental drinks ranged from 0.2 to 5.6. The mean titratable acidity values of the packaged fruit juices were higher than carbonated drinks. A significant difference (p < 0.0 5) was found in the percentage weight loss of enamel specimens after 6 and 24 hours immersion in the carbonated drinks than packaged fruit juices. Apple juice followed by thumps up were found to be the most erosive drinks with the least effects of Miranda and Guava juice. CONCLUSION Most of the beverages tested in this study showed erosive potential. The carbonated drinks caused significant dental erosion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Individuals at risk for beverages-associated erosion, particularly those with high intakes or decreased salivary flow, should be provided preventive guidance regarding habits of beverages intake. Specific dietary recommendations for the prevention of dental erosion may now be developed based on the patient's history of beverage consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shroff
- Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailesh M Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, Phone: +919604121273, e-mail:
| | - Subhash P Kumbhare
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol R Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithviraj Lakkakula
- Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics, North Dakota State University, Richard H. Barry Hall 500, 811 2nd Ave. N., Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
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