1
|
Farooq M, Rehman OU, Chaurasia B. Letter: Neurosurgical Videos and Social Media: Publish, Post, or Perish. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2024; 26:614-615. [PMID: 38376158 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minaam Farooq
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Bipin Chaurasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj , Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rehman OU, Nadeem ZA, Fatima E, Akram U, Imran H, Husnain A, Nadeem A, Rasheed W. The Efficacy of Ketoconazole Containing Regimens in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:483-490.e5. [PMID: 38296679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a challenging subset of prostate cancer associated with an extensive metastatic profile and high mortality. Ketoconazole is a nonselective steroid 17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (CYP17A1) inhibitor and is employed as a second line treatment option for CRPC with an established efficacy profile in patients. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of ketoconazole containing regimens for CRPC in terms of prostate specific antigen (PSA) decline rate using a systematic review and meta-analysis. In this review, an electronic search was carried out on PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find relevant literature. Random effects model was used to assess pooled PSA decline rate and 95% CIs. Publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot symmetry and one-tailed Egger's and Begg's test. In all cases, P-value <.05 was indicative of significant results. The review is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42023466536. A total of 483 articles were retrieved after database searching, out of which 23 studies (having a total of 1315 patients) were included in the review based on prespecified criteria. The PSA decline rate was reported in the 14 observational studies (having 964 patients) and 9 experimental studies (having 351 patients). Pooled results revealed that 48.6% (95% CI 43.1-54.2; P-value <.001; I2 = 73.24%) of participants achieved more than 50% decline in PSA (602/1315 participants). Sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method revealed no substantial change in pooled effect estimates; (Risk Ratio) RR 47.2% to RR 49.8% demonstrating the robustness of our results. There was no evidence of publication bias as assessed from the funnel plot symmetry. Ketoconazole containing regimens have shown moderate efficacy in high risk CRPC patients as demonstrated by the pooled results. Hence, a ketoconazole based chemotherapy can be added to patients' regimen if there is a persistent rise in PSA levels after androgen deprivation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Zain Ali Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umar Akram
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hiba Imran
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Husnain
- Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Arsalan Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Rasheed
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rehman OU, Fatima E, Nadeem ZA, Azeem A, Motwani J, Imran H, Mehboob H, Khan A, Usman O. Efficacy of Cisplatin-Containing Chemotherapy Regimens in Patients of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024:10.1007/s12029-024-01025-7. [PMID: 38315331 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative success of cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens for PDAC in clinical trials warrants a review of the literature to assess the cumulative results. This study aims to assess the efficacy of cisplatin-containing regimens for PDAC in terms of survival and response outcomes using a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis. METHODS In this study, an electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find relevant literature. The random effects model was used to assess pooled overall response rate, stable disease rate, progressive disease rate, 1-year overall survival rate, and their 95% CIs. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot symmetry and the one-tailed Eggers' test. In all cases, p-value < 0.05 was indicative of significant results. The review is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42023459243. RESULTS A total of 34 studies consisting of 1599 patients were included in this review. All the included studies were of good quality. In total, 906 patients were male, and the median age of the patients was 58-69 years. Overall, 599 patients had cancer of the pancreatic head, 139 had cancer of the pancreatic body, and 102 patients had cancer of the pancreatic tail. The pooled risk ratios (RRs) revealed an overall response rate of 19.2% (95% CI, 14.6-24.2%), a stable disease rate of 42.3% (95% CI, 36.6-48.8), a 1-year overall survival rate of 40% (95% CI, 34.3-45.8), and progressive disease rate of 24.7% (95% CI, 18.8-31.2). Commonly reported adverse events were anemia, thrombocytopenia, abdominal adverse events, neutropenia, fatigue, leukopenia, alopecia, anorexia, mucositis, stomatitis, and hepatobiliary adverse events. CONCLUSION Cisplatin-containing regimens have shown moderate efficacy with significant improvement in overall survival at 1 year, stable disease rate, and progressive disease rate; however, only a small percentage of patients achieved an overall response rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ali Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arish Azeem
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Olszytn, Poland
| | - Jatin Motwani
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Habiba Imran
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hadia Mehboob
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Alishba Khan
- Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences, CMH Malir, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Omer Usman
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso/Transmountain, El Paso, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ur Rehman O, Fatima E, Ali A, Akram U, Nashwan A, Yunus F. Efficacy and safety of bedaquiline containing regimens in patients of drug-resistant tuberculosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 34:100405. [PMID: 38152568 PMCID: PMC10750101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and leads to serious complications if left untreated. Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are multi-drug resistant and require treatment with newer drugs. Bedaquiline based treatment regimens have been used in patients who are diagnosed with drug resistant tuberculosis. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety profile of bedaquiline-based treatment regimens using a systematic review of existing literature and meta-analysis. Methods In this study, an electronic search was carried out on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane library to find relevant literature from March 2021 onwards. Random-effects model was used to assess pooled treatment success rate and 95 % CIs. p-value of <0.05 was suggestive of publication bias. The review is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42023432748. Results A total of 543 articles were retrieved by database searching, out of which 12 new studies met the inclusion criteria. The total number of articles included in the review was 41 including 36 observational studies (having a total of 9,934 patients) and 5 experimental studies (having a total of 468 patients). The pooled treatment success rate was 76.9 % (95 % CI, 72.9-80.4) in the observational studies and 81.7 % (95 % CI, 67.2-90.7) in the experimental studies. Further subgroup analysis was done on the basis of treatment regimens containing bedaquiline only and treatment regimens containing bedaquiline and delamanid. The pooled treatment success rate in the studies consisting of patients who were treated with regimens containing bedaquiline only was 78.4 % (95 % CI, 74.2-82.1) and 73.6 % (95 % CI, 64.6-81.0) in studies consisting of patients who were treated with regimens containing bedaquiline and delamanid. There was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusions In patients of drug resistant tuberculosis having highly resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis undergoing treatment with bedaquiline-based regimen demonstrate high rates of culture conversion and treatment success. Moreover, the safety profile of bedaquiline-based regimens is well-established in all studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abraish Ali
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Umar Akram
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Faryal Yunus
- Department of Pathology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karamat RI, Fatima E, Rehman OU, Nadeem ZA, Kayani TS. Cardiac autonomic plexus neuromodulation for decompensated heart failure: An updated review on the positive inotropic technique based on the DRI 2P 2S classification. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102186. [PMID: 37907186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Current pharmacological regimen is unable to improve adverse outcomes such as mortality post hospitalization for Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) patients. Ongoing research is directed towards managing ADHF patients with Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (CANS) excitatory interventions having long-term prognosis benefits. Recently, a novel treatment coined as Cardiac Pulmonary Nerve Stimulation (CPNS) has reproducibly shown increased inotropy with no change in heart rate. However, there are some potential limitations associated with the neurostimulation of the parasympathetic component of the CANS plexus. The INOVATE-HF trial involved the vagus nerve only. The early termination of the INOVATE-HF trial gave valuable insights into the cardio-protective effect of simultaneously stimulating the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the CANS plexus done in CPNS. It is essential to individualize the treatment protocol keeping in mind patient selection. Ongoing trials assessing the efficacy and safety of the CPNS technique in ADHF patients shall set the tone for such innovative techniques in times to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ali Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ur Rehman O, Fatima E. Novel Antiendosialin Therapy and Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e1037-e1038. [PMID: 37794573 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mehbub H, Baig AA, Khalid R, Mehmood MS, Ur Rehman O, Ghani U, Ahmad A. A Comparison of the Modified Alvarado Score and the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (Ripasa) Score in a Southeast Asian Population With Histopathology as the Gold Standard. Cureus 2023; 15:e46715. [PMID: 38021985 PMCID: PMC10630786 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of acute appendicitis has remained difficult despite it being one of the most common surgical emergencies in the world. One of the most frequently used scoring systems is the Modified Alvarado Score (MAS). However, the MAS has been known to be less efficient in Asian populations. To overcome this issue, the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) score has been specifically developed to improve the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in Asian populations. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the RIPASA score compared to the MAS for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in a Southeast Asian population keeping histopathology as the gold standard. Methodology The study group comprised 150 patients. Data were collected from each patient using a simple proforma to ascertain both the MAS and the RIPASA score for each patient at the time of presentation. The patients then underwent open appendectomy and histopathology was used as the gold standard to determine the presence or absence of acute appendicitis in the excised specimens. Results The RIPASA score had a sensitivity and specificity of 89.83% and 59.38%, respectively, compared to 64.41% and 53.12%, respectively, for the MAS. Diagnostic accuracy was similarly higher for the RIPASA score at 83.33% versus 62.00% for the MAS. Conclusions The RIPASA score is superior to the MAS for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Using the RIPASA score instead of the MAS in Southeast Asian populations can lead to a more accurate and timely clinical diagnosis of patients with suspected acute appendicitis and help improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hummaz Mehbub
- General Surgery, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Aftab A Baig
- General Surgery, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Rizwan Khalid
- General Surgery, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | | | | | - Usman Ghani
- General Surgery, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- General Surgery, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rehman OU, Fatima E, Arabpour J. The association of excessive soft drinks consumption with early-onset colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2023; 192:113242. [PMID: 37572560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Javad Arabpour
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rehman OU, Uzair M, Farooq MS, Saleem B, Attacha S, Attia KA, Farooq U, Fiaz S, El-Kallawy WH, Kimiko I, Khan MR. Comprehensive insights into the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA in alkaline-salt stress tolerance in rice. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7381-7392. [PMID: 37450076 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline-salt is one of the abiotic stresses that slows plant growth and developmental processes and threatens crop yield. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenous RNA found in plants that engage in a variety of cellular functions and stress responses. METHOD lncRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) and constitute a new set of gene control. The precise regulatory mechanism by which lncRNAs function as ceRNAs in response to alkaline-salt stress remains unclear. We identified alkaline-salt responsive lncRNAs using transcriptome-wide analysis of two varieties including alkaline-salt tolerant [WD20342 (WD)] and alkaline-salt sensitive [Caidao (CD)] rice cultivar under control and alkaline-salt stress treated [WD20342 (WDT, and Caidao (CDT)] conditions. RESULTS Investigating the competitive relationships between mRNAs and lncRNAs, we next built a ceRNA network involving lncRNAs based on the ceRNA hypothesis. Expression profiles revealed that a total of 65, 34, and 1549 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were identified in alkaline-salt tolerant WD (Control) vs. WDT (Treated). Similarly, 75 DE-lncRNAs, 34 DE-miRNAs, and 1725 DE-mRNAs (including up-regulated and down-regulated) were identified in alkaline-salt sensitive CD (Control) vs. CDT (Treated), respectively. An alkaline-salt stress ceRNA network discovered 321 lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA triplets in CD and CDT, with 32 lncRNAs, 121 miRNAs, and 111 mRNAs. Likewise, 217 lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA triplets in WD and WDT revealed the NONOSAT000455-osa_miR5809b-LOC_Os11g01210 triplet with the highest degree as a hub node with the most significant positive correlation in alkaline-salt stress response. CONCLUSION The results of our investigation indicate that osa-miR5809b is dysregulated and plays a part in regulating the defense response of rice against alkaline-salt stress. Our study highlights the regulatory functions of lncRNAs acting as ceRNAs in the mechanisms underlying alkaline-salt resistance in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ur Rehman
- Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz Farooq
- Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Saleem
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Safira Attacha
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, Science College, King Saud University, POX, Riyadh, 2455-11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Umer Farooq
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Wael H El-Kallawy
- Agriculture Research Center, (ARC), Rice Research and Training Center, (RRTC) Sakha, Field Crop Research Institute, Sakha, Egypt
| | - Itoh Kimiko
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan Khan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hanif M, Arshad N, Habib Y, Shami AM, Rehman OU, Rehman M, Reyaz M, Mumtaz H. Effect of cementing technique on aseptic stem loosening in cemented primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:2884-2895. [PMID: 37363463 PMCID: PMC10289703 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aseptic stem loosening after total hip arthroplasty surgery is the commonest complication, whether stem is cemented or uncemented. The aseptic cemented stem loosening has been a challenging problem over the years and a leading cause for revision since the inception of total hip arthroplasty. The objective of systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of cementing technique on aseptic stem loosening in total hip arthroplasty. Methods Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, Google scholar, Medline, PubMed were searched in 13 December 2020. Two independent investigators extracted the data and a third investigator's involvement was reached on consensus. A total of 37 studies of revision rate due to aseptic loosening were reviewed by using fixed/random effects size and were grouped by cementing technique and studies' characteristics. The data were analyzed through Meta-Essentials and RStudio. Results In revision total hip arthroplasty, retained femoral components revisions rate due to aseptic loosening were recorded in 37 studies involving 6167 cases. Aseptic loosening rate collectively was 5.8% (CI 95%, 0.03-0.08) and mean follow-up of study was 12.5 years. The average follow-up period, mean age at index revision surgery and percentage of aseptic loosening were insignificantly associated with revision rate (P≥0.05), in meta-regression univariant analyses. Conclusion This investigative analysis showed that there is a minimal difference between results of cementing techniques of total hip arthroplasty in femoral components in long-term follow-ups, and usually have a low risk of failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hassan Mumtaz
- Maroof International Hospital Public Health Scholar: Health Services Academy, Islamabad
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ur Rehman O, Imran M, Rafaqat M, Haider FUR, Rehman A, Farooq U, Changazi SH, Ur Rehman F. Outcomes in Lower Pole Kidney Stone Management Using Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Compared With Retrograde Intra Renal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2023; 15:e35343. [PMID: 36974241 PMCID: PMC10039418 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because of the anatomical properties of the inferior calyx, lower pole stones are difficult to remove through the ureter, even if the stones are fragmented. Retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS) is typically employed to treat the smaller lower pole stones (1.0-2.0 cm) while percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is primarily used to treat the larger diameter stones or when RIRS has failed to clear the stones. This study was conducted to compare mini-PCNL and RIRS for the management of lower pole kidney stones in terms of stone clearance. Material and methods This randomized control trial was conducted in the Department of Urology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from October 2020 to December 2022. A total of 150 patients between the ages of 18 and 80 years with a kidney stone size of 10-20 mm at the lower pole were included. Patients with positive urine culture, anatomical abnormalities, uncontrolled diabetes (hemoglobin{Hb}A1c >9%), and undergone previous renal surgery were excluded. Group A patients were treated with mini-PCNL, while group B patients were managed with RIRS. Follow-up visits were planned four weeks postoperatively with CT KUB (computed tomography of kidneys, ureters, and bladder) plain to assess stone clearance. Results The mean age in group A was 43.27 ± 13.86 years, while in group B was 45.32 ± 14.14 years. Out of 150 patients, 102 (68.0%) were males and 48 (32.0%) were females. Mean size of the stone was 15.30 ± 2.21 mm. Stone clearance after mini-PCNL was found in 69 (92.0%) patients and after RIRS in 59 (78.67%) patients (p-value = 0.021). Mean hospital stay after RIRS was 1.1 ± 0.09 days, while it was 2.3 ± 0.64 days after mini-PCNL (p-value < 0.001). Two (2.67%) patients in the mini-PCNL group developed bleeding postoperatively. The stone clearance rate in older patients (51 to 80 years) was significantly higher in the mini-PCNL group than RIRS group. Similarly, the stone clearance rate in female patients and in patients with larger stones (16 to 20 mm) was found to be higher in mini-PCNL group as compared to the RIRS group. Conclusion This study concluded that both mini-PCNL and RIRS are safe and efficient techniques for treating lower pole kidney stones with a size of 11-15 mm. However, mini-PCNL has a higher stone clearance rate compared to RIRS in the treatment of stones larger than 15 mm in size. This study further suggested that patients treated with mini-PCNL had a longer hospital stay compared to patients treated with RIRS.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rasheed W, Usman O, Rehman OU, Fatima E, Nashwan A. Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: An Unusual Pericardial and Pulmonary Metastasis - A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2023; 16:1253-1258. [PMID: 37915994 PMCID: PMC10618010 DOI: 10.1159/000534359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) manifests in the glandular cells present in the lining of the esophagus and usually forms in the distal portion of the esophagus. The metastasis of EAC has been reported to occur in surrounding lymphovascular structures, the liver, brain, and bones. Case Presentation We present the rare case of a 52-year-old Hispanic male with EAC metastasis to the pericardium and lungs. The patient presented with shortness of breath off and on for the last 6 weeks without any usually reported symptoms of EAC like chest pain, vomiting, or chronic cough. Respiratory examinations of this patient were significant for bilateral bronchial breathing and coarse crackles. The patient had been given numerous courses of oral antibiotics over the previous weeks with the provisional diagnosis of atypical pneumonia. Cardiac tamponade pathophysiology was also observed in this patient, for which a pericardial window was created to relieve the patient's symptoms. A final diagnosis of EAC with an unusual metastasis in the lungs and pericardium was made based on radiological and pathological findings. The patient chose palliative care instead of curative care because of the advanced stage of this cancer. The patient received cancer diagnosis counseling and was sent to hospice care for further management. Conclusion The metastasis of EAC to the pericardium and lungs instead of usual sites constitutes an important prognostic factor in the overall survival of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Rasheed
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Omer Usman
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mudasir M, Ullah I, Rehman OU, Durrani T, Rahman FU. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients have A Higher Risk of Developing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease than the General Population A-Multi-Center-Study. PJMHS 2022; 16:454-455. [DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs20221611454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Partially reversible airflow restriction is a symptom typical of COPD, a kind of obstructive lung disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease distinct pathological and clinical phenotypes: emphysema and chronic bronchitis (COPD). Both elements are quite individualistic. Whether or not to regularly examine COPD patients for the possibility of GERD and treat it effectively might be aided by the discovery of an increased prevalence of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in this patient population. Objective: As GERD is associated with a worse prognosis in COPD patients, it is important to understand the prevalence of this condition among those who suffer from the disease. Methodology: From January 2021 to January 2022, researchers at a major hospital in Peshawar analyzed data from many similar hospitals. A total of 108 participants participated in this trial. Comprehensive histories and physical examinations were performed on patients (aged 20 to 75). Then, spirometry and the Q-questionnaire were administered to individuals who had satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients had their spirometry readings taken by the same CPSP-certified technicianpatients' FEV1 measurements following a bronchodilator treatment were assessed by the same CPSP-fellow consultant of pulmonology using the GOLD criteria, giving each patient a grade (from "01" to "04"). The prevalence of GERD was calculated as a percentage of all COPD cases in patients who completed the Q-questionnaire. Results: There was a 12.580 standard variation in the individuals' ages, with a mean of 58.76. Most patients were women (60%), while men made up just 40% of the Total. The prevalence of GERD among those with COPD was 52 percent. Conclusion: This study's findings led us to conclude that patients with COPD had a frequency of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which was 52%. Keywords: Acid Reflux In The Stomach; COPD, Multicenter
Collapse
|
14
|
Saleem B, Farooq U, Rehman OU, Aqeel M, Farooq MS, Naeem MK, Inam S, Ajmal W, Rahim AA, Chen M, Kalsoom R, Uzair M, Fiaz S, Attia K, Alafari HA, Khan MR, Yu G. Genome-wide and molecular characterization of the DNA replication helicase 2 ( DNA2) gene family in rice under drought and salt stress. Front Genet 2022; 13:1039548. [PMID: 36506305 PMCID: PMC9728955 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1039548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice plants experience various biotic (such as insect and pest attack) and abiotic (such as drought, salt, heat, and cold etc.) stresses during the growing season, resulting in DNA damage and the subsequent losses in rice production. DNA Replication Helicase/Nuclease2 (DNA2) is known to be involved in DNA replication and repair. In animals and yeast DNA2 are well characterized because it has the abilities of both helicase and nuclease, it plays a crucial role in DNA replication in the nucleus and mitochondrial genomes. However; they are not fully examined in plants due to less focused on plants damage repair. To fill this research gap, the current study focused on the genome-wide identification and characterization of OsDNA2 genes, along with analyses of their transcriptional expression, duplication, and phylogeny in rice. Overall, 17 OsDNA2 members were reported to be found on eight different chromosomes (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11). Among these chromosomes (Chr), Chr4 contained a maximum of six OsDNA2 genes. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the OsDNA2 gene members were clustered into three different groups. Furthermore, the conserved domains, gene structures, and cis-regulatory elements were systematically investigated. Gene duplication analysis revealed that OsDNA2_2 had an evolutionary relationship with OsDNA2_14, OsDNA2_5 with OsDNA2_6, and OsDNA2_1 with OsDNA2_8. Moreover, results showed that the conserved domain (AAA_11 superfamily) were present in the OsDNA2 genes, which belongs to the DEAD-like helicase superfamily. In addition, to understand the post-transcriptional modification of OsDNA2 genes, miRNAs were predicted, where 653 miRNAs were reported to target 17 OsDNA2 genes. The results indicated that at the maximum, OsDNA2_1 and OsDNA2_4 were targeted by 74 miRNAs each, and OsDNA2_9 was less targeted (20 miRNAs). The three-dimensional (3D) structures of 17 OsDNA2 proteins were also predicted. Expression of OsDNA2 members was also carried out under drought and salt stresses, and conclusively their induction indicated the possible involvement of OsDNA2 in DNA repair under stress when compared with the control. Further studies are recommended to confirm where this study will offer valuable basic data on the functioning of DNA2 genes in rice and other crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Saleem
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umer Farooq
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Obaid Ur Rehman
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz Farooq
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Naeem
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Safeena Inam
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajya Ajmal
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Abdul Rahim
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rabia Kalsoom
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan,National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Muhammad Uzair, ; Muhammad Ramzan Khan, ; Guoping Yu,
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Kotb Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayat Ali Alafari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ramzan Khan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Muhammad Uzair, ; Muhammad Ramzan Khan, ; Guoping Yu,
| | - Guoping Yu
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China,China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China,Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, China,*Correspondence: Muhammad Uzair, ; Muhammad Ramzan Khan, ; Guoping Yu,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Farooq MS, Wang X, Uzair M, Fatima H, Fiaz S, Maqbool Z, Rehman OU, Yousuf M, Khan MR. Recent trends in nitrogen cycle and eco-efficient nitrogen management strategies in aerobic rice system. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:960641. [PMID: 36092421 PMCID: PMC9453445 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.960641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as a staple food for more than half of the global population, and sustaining productivity under a scarcity of resources is challenging to meet the future food demands of the inflating global population. The aerobic rice system can be considered as a transformational replacement for traditional rice, but the widespread adaptation of this innovative approach has been challenged due to higher losses of nitrogen (N) and reduced N-use efficiency (NUE). For normal growth and developmental processes in crop plants, N is required in higher amounts. N is a mineral nutrient and an important constituent of amino acids, nucleic acids, and many photosynthetic metabolites, and hence is essential for normal plant growth and metabolism. Excessive application of N fertilizers improves aerobic rice growth and yield, but compromises economic and environmental sustainability. Irregular and uncontrolled use of N fertilizers have elevated several environmental issues linked to higher N losses in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and nitrate (NO3 -), thereby threatening environmental sustainability due to higher warming potential, ozone depletion capacities, and abilities to eutrophicate the water resources. Hence, enhancing NUE in aerobic rice has become an urgent need for the development of a sustainable production system. This article was designed to investigate the major challenge of low NUE and evaluate recent advances in pathways of the N cycle under the aerobic rice system, and thereby suggest the agronomic management approaches to improve NUE. The major objective of this review is about optimizing the application of N inputs while sustaining rice productivity and ensuring environmental safety. This review elaborates that different soil conditions significantly shift the N dynamics via changes in major pathways of the N cycle and comprehensively reviews the facts why N losses are high under the aerobic rice system, which factors hinder in attaining high NUE, and how it can become an eco-efficient production system through agronomic managements. Moreover, it explores the interactive mechanisms of how proper management of N cycle pathways can be accomplished via optimized N fertilizer amendments. Meanwhile, this study suggests several agricultural and agronomic approaches, such as site-specific N management, integrated nutrient management (INM), and incorporation of N fertilizers with enhanced use efficiency that may interactively improve the NUE and thereby plant N uptake in the aerobic rice system. Additionally, resource conservation practices, such as plant residue management, green manuring, improved genetic breeding, and precision farming, are essential to enhance NUE. Deep insights into the recent advances in the pathways of the N cycle under the aerobic rice system necessarily suggest the incorporation of the suggested agronomic adjustments to reduce N losses and enhance NUE while sustaining rice productivity and environmental safety. Future research on N dynamics is encouraged under the aerobic rice system focusing on the interactive evaluation of shifts among activities and diversity in microbial communities, NUE, and plant demands while applying N management measures, which is necessary for its widespread adaptation in face of the projected climate change and scarcity of resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz Farooq
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hira Fatima
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Zubaira Maqbool
- Institute of Soil Science, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Obaid Ur Rehman
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rahim AA, Uzair M, Rehman N, Rehman OU, Zahra N, Khan MR. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Receptor-Like Protein Kinase 1 (RPK1) Gene Family in Triticum aestivum Under Drought Stress. Front Genet 2022; 13:912251. [PMID: 35860467 PMCID: PMC9289140 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.912251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-like protein kinase1 (RPK1) genes play crucial roles in plant growth and development processes, root architecture, and abiotic stress regulation. A comprehensive study of the RPK1 gene family has not been reported in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, we reported the genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression patterns of the RPK1 gene family in wheat. Results confirmed 15 TaRPK1 genes, classified mainly into three sub-clades based on a phylogenetic tree. The TaRPK1 genes were mapped on chromosomes 1–3 in the respective A, B, and D genomes. Gene structure, motif conservation, collinearity prediction, and synteny analysis were carried out systematically. A Gene ontology study revealed that TaRPK1 genes play a vital role during molecular and biological processes. We also identified 18 putative miRNAs targeting TaRPK1 genes, suggesting their roles in growth, development, and stress responses. Cis-Regulatory elements interpreted the presence of light-related elements, hormone responsiveness, and abiotic stress-related motifs in the promoter regions. The SWISS_MODEL predicted the successful models of TaRPK1 proteins with at least 30% identity to the template, a widely accepted threshold for successful modeling. In silico expression analysis in different tissues and stages suggested that TaRPK1 genes exhibited the highest expression in root tissues. Moreover, qRT-PCR further validated the higher expression of TaRPK1 genes in roots of drought-tolerant varieties compared to the drought-susceptible variety. Collectively, the present study renders valuable information on the functioning of TaRPK1 genes in wheat that will be useful in further functional validation of these genes in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Abdul Rahim
- National Centre for Bioinformatics (NCB), Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Rehman
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Obaid Ur Rehman
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nageen Zahra
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan Khan
- National Centre for Bioinformatics (NCB), Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Ramzan Khan,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ali Y, Jokhio DH, Dojki AA, Rehman OU, Khan F, Salman A. Adoption of circular economy for food waste management in the context of a developing country. Waste Manag Res 2022; 40:676-684. [PMID: 34362279 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211038198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food wastage is a global concern with high economic, social and environmental impacts. Pakistan, a developing country, is also significantly affected by the adverse impacts of food wastage. For overcoming this problem, the transition from a Linear to a Circular Economy (CE) for the management of food wastage can serve as a viable strategy. However, there are barriers of political, technical and cultural nature, which are impediments in the path of this transition. This study aims to identify and prioritize these barriers in order of their significance. This research study evaluated and ranked these barriers using a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). A total of 15 barriers were analyzed, and the 'complicated intrinsic nature of CE', 'misleading information about shelf-life leading to waste rather than distribution', 'the poor economic viability of start-ups with CE model', 'corporate and organizational hesitance to change/innovate' and 'technological backwardness of farmers/growers on the agricultural production side' were ranked as the most significant hurdles. The novelty of this study lies in its application. This study is unique as it has focused on developing countries and proposed policy recommendations for the transition towards a CE. In light of the above-mentioned results, this study provides policy recommendations for public and private sector policymakers that would facilitate the food industry in shifting towards the CE model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Ali
- School of Management Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Danyal Hakeem Jokhio
- Faculty of Material Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Amna Ali Dojki
- Faculty of Material Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Obaid Ur Rehman
- School of Management science, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Feroz Khan
- School of Management science, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Aneel Salman
- Department of Economics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rehman OU, Uzair M, Chao H, Fiaz S, Khan MR, Chen M. Role of the type-B authentic response regulator gene family in fragrant rice under alkaline salt stress. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13696. [PMID: 35502736 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Globally, rice is being consumed as a main staple food and faces different kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses such drought, salinity, and pest attacks. Through the cytokinin signaling, Type-B authentic response regulators (ARR-Bs) respond positively towards the environmental stimuli. ARR-Bs are involved in abiotic stress tolerance and plant development but their molecular mechanisms in fragrant rice are still not fully explored. The current study showed the genome-wide characterization of OsARR-B genes under alkaline salt stress. Results showed that in total, 24 OsARR-B genes were found and divided into four subgroups on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis. These genes were located on all rice chromosomes except 8 and 10. Analysis of gene duplications, gene structure, cis-elements, protein-protein interactions, and miRNA were performed. Gene ontology analysis showed that OsARR-B genes are involved in plant development through the regulation of molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components. Furthermore, 117 and 192 RNA editing sites were detected in chloroplast and mitochondrial genes, respectively, encoding proteins of OsARR-B. In chloroplast and mitochondrial genes, six and nine types of amino acid changes, respectively, were caused by RNA editing, showing that RNA editing has a role in the alkaline salt stress tolerance in fragrant rice. We also used a comparative transcriptome approach to study the gene expression changes in alkaline tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Under alkaline salt stress, OsARR-B5, OsARR-B7, OsARR-B9, OsARR-B10, OsARR-B16, OsARR-B22, and OsARR-B23 showed higher transcript levels in alkaline salt tolerant genotypes as compared to susceptible ones. Quantitative RT-PCR showed upregulation of gene expression in the alkaline tolerant genotypes under alkaline stress. Our study explored the gene expression profiling and RESs of two rice contrasting genotypes, which will help to understand the molecular mechanisms of alkaline salt tolerance in fragrant rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haoyu Chao
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | | | - Ming Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rehman OU, Liu X. Corporate default risk and environmental deterioration: international evidence. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:5736-5761. [PMID: 34424462 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
"How does a firm's bankruptcy affect its regional environment?" is an open empirical question that has received little attention in the literature. We hypothesize that because enterprises provide funds to protect their regional environment, their default risk negatively impacts that environment. We analyze the impact of corporate default risk on environmental deterioration in the international setting to answer this question. Using a firm-level corporate default risk quarterly data from 2013q1 to 2020q4, we find that corporate default risk is positively associated with CO2 emissions and decomposed components. These findings are reliable in low-income and highly uncertain countries but weak in countries having more market competition. We also find that the negative impact of corporate default risk on the environment is more robust in countries with more population density and fewer forest area thresholds. Finally, using the instrumental variable approach, we provide preliminary evidence that firm-level political risk (for US and Canadian firms only) increases corporate default risk, leading to a degrading environment. Our findings are robust to alternative measurements of a firm's default risk and environmental deterioration. Our research will help environmental authorities to consider corporate default risk as a determinant when formulating environmental-related strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Ur Rehman
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rauf A, Liu X, Amin W, Ozturk I, Rehman OU, Hafeez M. Testing EKC hypothesis with energy and sustainable development challenges: a fresh evidence from belt and road initiative economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:32066-32080. [PMID: 30218332 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diverse impact of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) over the landscape of environment is generally believed in literature. As CO2 emission acutely leads to GHGs is a major contributor for global warming, it creates a serious pressure on natural resources and ecological settings. Similarly, low-carbon (CO2) economy, plenty of energy resources, and sustainable growth are a big ask for worldwide economies in this era of mechanization. This paper analyzes the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, for Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) economies, to contend the role of mega projects in BRI as an attribute for ecological detriments. The on-hand study engages fresh data information ranging from 1981 to 2016 holding with heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence as a special deliberation. The calculated outcomes expose that, mean group estimator provides strong evidence and favor the existence of EKC approximately in every region. The long-run influence is measured by pooled mean group estimators, which shows significant outcomes in every region; additionally, the EKC hypothesis affirmed in the long run especially for developed economies. Mega projects, i.e., BRI requisite immense energy sources to accomplishing the enclosed projects efficiently and effectively. The positive association between carbon emission and energy consumption troubled the governments to make policies for restraining the magnitude of carbon emission and controls energy usage for enduring environment to its original position. Next, the valuations depicted the dense recommendations for state administrations in capacity of rigorous level supremacy, trash managing campaigns, renewable energy reliance, and advance for desirable judgments to sterilize the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rauf
- Department of Finance, School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Liu
- Department of Finance, School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Waqas Amin
- School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ilhan Ozturk
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cag University, Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Obaid Ur Rehman
- Research Scholar at Agriculture University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chaudhary BA, Rehman OU, Brown TM. Proteinuria in patients with sleep apnea. J Fam Pract 1995; 40:139-141. [PMID: 7852936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteinuria severe enough to be in the nephrotic range has been noted on occasion in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but it is not known what factors are related to the severity of proteinuria in these patients. This study was conducted to determine if the severity of proteinuria is related to the number of apneas. METHODS The level of proteinuria was determined by the dipstick method in 407 patients in whom OSA had been diagnosed. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was calculated in each patient after all-night polysomnography. Sleep apnea was defined as the presence of at least 30 apneas during a 6- to 8-hour monitoring period and an AHI greater than 15. RESULTS The apnea-hypopnea index in patients without proteinuria was similar to that of patients with 1+ to 3+ proteinuria. However, the AHI was significantly greater in the 9 patients with 4+ proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS While severe proteinuria in OSA occurs in patients with a higher rate of sleep apneas, the lesser degree of proteinuria cannot be explained by AHI alone. Other factors that determine the severity of the disease, such as hypoxemia, merit further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Chaudhary
- Georgia Sleep Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-3137
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rehman OU, Keith TA, Gall EA. Methyldopa-induced submassive hepatic necrosis. JAMA 1973; 224:1390-2. [PMID: 4739987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|