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Fox DS, Elliott L, Bachman HJ, Votruba-Drzal E, Libertus ME. Diversity of spatial activities and parents' spatial talk complexity predict preschoolers' gains in spatial skills. Child Dev 2024; 95:734-749. [PMID: 37861229 PMCID: PMC11023785 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Children's spatial activities and parental spatial talk were measured to examine their associations with variability in preschoolers' spatial skills (N = 113, Mage = 4 years, 4 months; 51% female; 80% White, 11% Black, and 9% other). Parents who reported more diversity in daily spatial activities and used longer spatial talk utterances during a spatial activity had children with greater gains in spatial skills from ages 4 to 5 (β = .17 and β = .40, respectively). Importantly, this study is the first to move beyond frequency counts of spatial input and investigate the links among the diversity of children's daily spatial activities, as well as the complexity of parents' spatial language across different contexts, and preschoolers' gains in spatial skills, an important predictor of later STEM success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Fox
- Learning Research and Development Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leanne Elliott
- Learning Research and Development Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heather J Bachman
- Learning Research and Development Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Health and Human Development, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal
- Learning Research and Development Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa E Libertus
- Learning Research and Development Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Martins FN, Lima J, de Oliveira AS, Costa P, Eguchi A. Editorial: Educational robotics and competitions. Front Robot AI 2024; 11:1394849. [PMID: 38654757 PMCID: PMC11035873 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1394849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe N. Martins
- Sensors and Smart Systems Group, Institute of Engineering, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - José Lima
- Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Costa
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Amy Eguchi
- Department of Education Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Cao HY, Miao Z, Hao YS, Dong LH. Stem moisture content prediction model for Larix olgensis based on beta regression. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2024; 35:587-596. [PMID: 38646745 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202403.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the longitudinal variation patterns of sapwood, heartwood, bark and stem moisture content along the trunk of artificial Larix olgensis, we constructed mixed effect models of moisture content based on beta regression by combining the effects of sampling plot and sample trees. We used two sampling schemes to calibrate the model, without limiting the relative height (Scheme Ⅰ) and with a limiting height of less than 2 m (Scheme II). The results showed that sapwood and stem moisture content increased gradually along the trunk, heartwood moisture content decreased slightly and then increased along the trunk, and bark moisture content increased along the trunk and then levelled off before increasing. Relative height, height to crown base, stand area at breast height per hectare, age, and stand dominant height were main factors driving moisture content of L. olgensis. Scheme Ⅰ showed the stable prediction accuracy when randomly sampling moisture content measurements from 2-3 discs to calibrate the model, with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of up to 7.2% for stem moisture content (randomly selected 2 discs), and the MAPE of up to 7.4%, 10.5% and 10.5% for sapwood, heartwood and bark moisture content (randomly selected 3 discs), respectively. Scheme Ⅱ was appropriate when sampling moisture content measurements from discs of 1.3 and 2 m height and the MAPE of sapwood, heartwood, bark and stem moisture content reached 7.8%, 11.0%, 10.4% and 7.1%, respectively. The prediction accuracies of all mixed effect beta regression models were better than the base model. The two-level mixed effect beta regression models, considering both plot effect and tree effect, would be suitable for predicting moisture content of each part of L. olgensis well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yan Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zheng Miao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuan-Shuo Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Li-Hu Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Hurtado-Díaz I, Ramírez-Cisneros MÁ, Alvarez L, Sánchez-Carranza JN, Columba-Palomares MC, Silva-Guzmán JA, Cruz-Sosa F, Bernabé-Antonio A. Metabolites Profile of Extracts and Fractions of Erythroxylum mexicanum Kunth by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and its Antibacterial, Cytotoxic and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301474. [PMID: 38215210 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The present study shows the untargeted metabolite profiling and in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of the methanolic leaves extract (MLE) and methanolic stem extract (MSE) of Erythroxylum mexicanum, as well as the fractions from MSE. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), a total of 70 metabolites were identified; mainly alkaloids in the MLE, while the MSE showed a high abundance of diterpenoids. The MSE fractions exhibited differential activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Notably, the hexane fraction (HSF) against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 (MIC=62.5 μg/mL) exhibited a bactericidal effect. The MSE fractions exhibited cytotoxicity against all cancer cell lines tested, with selectivity towards them compared to a noncancerous cell line. Particularly, the HSF and chloroform fraction (CSF) showed the highest cytotoxicity against prostate cancer (PC-3) cells, with IC50 values of 19.9 and 18.1 μg/mL and selectivity indexes of 3.8 and 4.2, respectively. Both the HSF and ethyl acetate (EASF) fractions of the MSE inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with NO production percentages of 50.0 % and 51.7 %, respectively, at a concentration of 30 μg/mL. These results indicated that E. mexicanum can be a source of antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hurtado-Díaz
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros
- Chemical Research Center-IICBA, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Chemical Research Center-IICBA, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jessica Nayelli Sánchez-Carranza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María Crystal Columba-Palomares
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - José Antonio Silva-Guzmán
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Cruz-Sosa
- Department of Biotechnology, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa Campus, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Mexico City, 09310, Mexico
| | - Antonio Bernabé-Antonio
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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Fu J, McKinley B, James B, Chrisler W, Markillie LM, Gaffrey MJ, Mitchell HD, Riaz MR, Marcial B, Orr G, Swaminathan K, Mullet J, Marshall-Colon A. Cell-type-specific transcriptomics uncovers spatial regulatory networks in bioenergy sorghum stems. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38407828 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Bioenergy sorghum is a low-input, drought-resilient, deep-rooting annual crop that has high biomass yield potential enabling the sustainable production of biofuels, biopower, and bioproducts. Bioenergy sorghum's 4-5 m stems account for ~80% of the harvested biomass. Stems accumulate high levels of sucrose that could be used to synthesize bioethanol and useful biopolymers if information about cell-type gene expression and regulation in stems was available to enable engineering. To obtain this information, laser capture microdissection was used to isolate and collect transcriptome profiles from five major cell types that are present in stems of the sweet sorghum Wray. Transcriptome analysis identified genes with cell-type-specific and cell-preferred expression patterns that reflect the distinct metabolic, transport, and regulatory functions of each cell type. Analysis of cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs) revealed that unique transcription factor families contribute to distinct regulatory landscapes, where regulation is organized through various modes and identifiable network motifs. Cell-specific transcriptome data was combined with known secondary cell wall (SCW) networks to identify the GRNs that differentially activate SCW formation in vascular sclerenchyma and epidermal cells. The spatial transcriptomic dataset provides a valuable source of information about the function of different sorghum cell types and GRNs that will enable the engineering of bioenergy sorghum stems, and an interactive web application developed during this project will allow easy access and exploration of the data (https://mc-lab.shinyapps.io/lcm-dataset/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Brian McKinley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Resource Center, Madison, Wisconsin, 53726, USA
| | - Brandon James
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, 35806, USA
| | - William Chrisler
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Hugh D Mitchell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Riaz
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Brenda Marcial
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, 35806, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Kankshita Swaminathan
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, 35806, USA
| | - John Mullet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Resource Center, Madison, Wisconsin, 53726, USA
| | - Amy Marshall-Colon
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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Osan JK, Harris IA, Harries D, Peng Y, Yates PJ, Jones CW. Stemmed Tibial Fixation for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Obese Patients-A National Registry Study. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:355-362. [PMID: 37586598 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated if the use of augmented tibial fixation with stems in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in obese patients was associated with a difference in reason for revision, type of revision, or overall revision rate. METHODS Data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry compared reason for revision, rate, and type of revision between primary TKA using stemmed tibial prostheses to nonstemmed prostheses, stratified by body mass index (BMI) and obesity. The cumulative percent revision was obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age and sex with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All tests were 2-tailed at 5% statistical significance (P < .05). There were 66,508 procedures available for analyses. RESULTS Obese class 2 (BMI 35 to 39.99) had higher rates of revision in the stemmed group compared to the nonstemmed group (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.00, 2.05, P = .047). There was no significant difference in revision rates between stemmed and nonstemmed tibial prostheses in any other BMI group. Primary TKA in obese patients (BMI ≥30) with a stem extension had a significantly higher rate of minor revisions compared to no stem extension (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03, 1.66, P = .025). There was no significant difference between stemmed and nonstemmed groups for major revision in obese patients and for minor or major revision in nonobese patients. CONCLUSION Using a tibial stem during primary TKA in obese patients is not associated with a lower rate of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Osan
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia; Department of Orthopaedics, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Ian A Harris
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan Harries
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Yi Peng
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Piers J Yates
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia; University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia; St John of God Murdoch, Perth, Western Ausltralia; Orthopaedics WA, St John of God Murdoch Private Hospital, Mount Hospital, Perth, Western Australia; Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia; Orthopaedics WA, St John of God Murdoch Private Hospital, Mount Hospital, Perth, Western Australia; Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia; Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Mount Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
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Kowalski TW, Giudicelli GC, Pinho MCDF, Rockenbach MK, Maciel-Fiuza MF, Recamonde-Mendoza M, Vianna FSL. Brazilian women in Bioinformatics: Challenges and opportunities. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 46:e20230134. [PMID: 38259034 PMCID: PMC10829893 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics is a growing research field that received great notoriety in the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a very integrative area, comprising professionals from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In agreement with the other STEM areas, several women have greatly contributed to bioinformatics ascension; however, they had to surpass prejudice and stereotypes to achieve recognition and leadership positions, a path that studies have demonstrated to be more comfortable to their male colleagues. In this review, we discuss the several difficulties that women in STEM, including bioinformatics, surpass during their careers. First, we present a historical context on bioinformatics and the main applications for this area. Then, we discuss gender disparity in STEM and present the challenges that still contribute to women's inequality in STEM compared to their male colleagues. We also present the opportunities and the transformation that we can start, acting in academia, inside the family and school environments, and as a society, hence contributing to gender equality in STEM. Finally, we discuss specific challenges in the bioinformatics field and how we can act to overcome them, especially in low and middle-income countries, such as Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Unidade de Genética Laboratorial, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Câmara Giudicelli
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Unidade de Genética Laboratorial, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara de Freitas Pinho
- Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marília Körbes Rockenbach
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriãn Ferrão Maciel-Fiuza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Informática, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Genética Médica, Unidade de Genética Laboratorial, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Osan JK, Harris IA, Harries D, Peng Y, Yates PJ, Jones CW. Utilizing Stems in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Analysis of the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry Data. J Arthroplasty 2024:S0883-5403(24)00031-7. [PMID: 38244637 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared revision rates and reasons for revision for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed for osteoarthritis with and without tibial stem extensions. METHODS Data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry were used to compare all-cause revision, reason, and type of revision between primary TKA using stemmed tibial prostheses and non-stemmed prostheses. RESULTS All-cause revision for TKA with stem extension was higher for the first 6 months (hazard ratio [HR] 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]1.19 to 1.82; P < .001); while after 1.5 years TKA with stem extension had a lower rate of revision (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.97; P = .01). Stemmed components were more likely to be revised for infection between 3 months and 1.5 years after surgery (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.83; P = .02). The revision rate for aseptic loosening was lower in the stemmed group beyond 2 years (HR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.63; P < .001). Insert-only revision was higher in the stemmed group at all times (HR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.66, P < .001). Isolated tibial component revision was lower in the stemmed group at all times (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.74; P = .001). Aseptic loosening for tibial component-only revision was significantly lower in the stemmed group at all times (HR 0.23; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.50; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing primary stemmed TKA have lower rates of all-cause revision beyond 1.5 years and tibial component-only revision at all times. Further investigation is required to preoperatively select patients that benefit from augmentation with stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Osan
- Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital Group, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ian A Harris
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, Australia; Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan Harries
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yi Peng
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Piers J Yates
- Orthopaedic Surgery University of Western Australia, St John of God Murdoch, Fiona Stanley Hospital Group, Orthopaedics WA, St John of God Murdoch Private Hospital, Mount Hospital, Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Curtin University, Mount Hospital, Fiona Stanley Hospital Group Orthopaedics WA, St John of God Murdoch Private Hospital, Mount Hospital, Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Turnbull GS, Akhtar MA, Dunstan ERR, Ballantyne JA. Experience of an Anatomic Femoral Stem in a United Kingdom Center - Excellent Survivorship and Negligible Periprosthetic Fracture Rates at Mean 12 Years Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:187-192. [PMID: 37454948 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the clinical burden of periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) continues to increase, it has been suggested that the use of anatomical femoral stems may help reduce PPF risk. The primary aim of this study was to determine the survivorship and PPF rate of an anatomical femoral stem in a single center at minimum 10-year follow-up. METHODS A total of 1,000 consecutive total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed using an anatomical femoral stem were identified from a prospectively collected arthroplasty database. Patient radiographs were reviewed finally at a mean of 12 years (range, 10 to 16 years) following surgery to identify any revision surgery, dislocations or PPFs. Mean patient age at surgery was 69 years (range, 24 to 93). There were 634 women (63%). Osteoarthritis was the operative indication in 946 patients (95%). RESULTS All-cause THA survivorship was 99.1% (95% confidence interval (CI), 99.0-99.3%) at 10 years and 97.9% (CI, 97.8 - 98.0%) at 15 years. Stem survivorship at 10 years was 99.6% (CI, 99.5-99.7%) and at 15 years was 98.2% (CI, 98.1-98.3%). The 15-year stem survival for aseptic loosening was 100% with no cases of significant lysis found (lucent line >2mm). Implant survivorship was not significantly impacted by patient sex (P = .65), body mass index (P = .49), deprivation level (P = .284), operative indication (P = .33), or American Society of Anesthesiologists class (P = .374). There were 3 PPFs identified (0.3%) at mean 12-year follow-up and 15 dislocations (1.5%). CONCLUSION This anatomical femoral stem demonstrated excellent survivorship and negligible PPF rates at mean 12-year follow-up following primary THA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth S Turnbull
- National Treatment Centre - Fife Orthopaedics, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, United Kingdon; Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Muhammad A Akhtar
- National Treatment Centre - Fife Orthopaedics, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, United Kingdon
| | - Edward R R Dunstan
- National Treatment Centre - Fife Orthopaedics, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, United Kingdon
| | - James A Ballantyne
- National Treatment Centre - Fife Orthopaedics, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, United Kingdon
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Darwich A, Jovanovic A, Dally FJ, Abd El Hai A, Baumgärtner T, Assaf E, Gravius S, Hetjens S, Bdeir M. Cemented versus Cementless Stem Fixation in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1633. [PMID: 37998836 PMCID: PMC10668853 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of revision knee arthroplasties (rTKA) is growing significantly as is the use of intramedullary stems for optimized stability. The choice of the most appropriate stem fixation method is still controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare cemented versus cementless stem fixation in rTKA. Publications with patients undergoing rTKA with a follow-up > 24 months were systemically reviewed. Extracted parameters included total revision and failure rates for any reason, incidence of aseptic loosening, periprosthetic infection, and radiolucent lines, as well as the clinical outcome. A statistical regression analysis was then performed on all extracted clinical and radiological outcome data. A total of 35 publications met the inclusion criteria and were included and analyzed. Overall, 14/35 publications compared cementless versus cemented stem fixation, whereas 21/35 publications investigated only one stem fixation method. There were no significant differences in revision (p = 0.2613) or failure rates (p = 0.3559) and no differences in the incidence of aseptic loosening (p = 0.3999) or periprosthetic infection (p = 0.1010). The incidence of radiolucent lines was significantly higher in patients with cemented stems (26.2% versus 18.6%, p < 0.0001). However, no differences in clinical outcomes were observed. No superiority of a specific stem fixation method in rTKA was found. Rates of revision or failure for any reason as well as incidence of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic infection in cemented versus cementless stem fixation showed no significant difference. A higher incidence of radiolucent lines was observed in cemented stem fixation; however, no effect was observed on the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Darwich
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.J.); (F.-J.D.); (A.A.E.H.); (T.B.); (S.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Jovanovic
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.J.); (F.-J.D.); (A.A.E.H.); (T.B.); (S.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Franz-Joseph Dally
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.J.); (F.-J.D.); (A.A.E.H.); (T.B.); (S.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Asseel Abd El Hai
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.J.); (F.-J.D.); (A.A.E.H.); (T.B.); (S.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Tobias Baumgärtner
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.J.); (F.-J.D.); (A.A.E.H.); (T.B.); (S.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Elio Assaf
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Sascha Gravius
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.J.); (F.-J.D.); (A.A.E.H.); (T.B.); (S.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Svetlana Hetjens
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Mohamad Bdeir
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.J.); (F.-J.D.); (A.A.E.H.); (T.B.); (S.G.); (M.B.)
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11
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de Souza LS, Luz Tosta C, de Oliveira Borlot JRP, Varricchio MCBN, Kitagawa RR, Filgueiras PR, Kuster RM. Chemical profile and cytotoxic evaluation of aerial parts of Euphorbia tirucalli L. on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS cells). Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:4267-4273. [PMID: 36788415 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2179623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol extract from the aerial parts of Euphorbia tirucalli L. as well as the latex of the plant suspended in water are used by the Brazilian population for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. The purposes of this study were to determine if the ethanol extract is effective as cytotoxic agent against gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) and its chemical composition by GC-MS, ESI-(-)-FT-ICR MS and (-)-ESI-LTQ-MS/MS. The results were compared with that of latex previously described by us. Hexane and aqueous fractions showed higher cytotoxicity on AGS cells. Nine triterpene compounds were detected by GC-MS in hexane fraction, including euphol and friedelin, while ellagic acid was identified as main phenolic compound in aqueous extract. Therefore, the greater cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia tirucalli for gastric cancer, when compared to latex, seems to originate from the antiproliferative effects of ellagic acid and triterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Luz Tosta
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil
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12
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Wimalasiri PM, Harrison R, Hider R, Donaldson I, Kemp B, Tian B. Development of Tannins and Methoxypyrazines in Grape Skins, Seeds, and Stems of Two Pinot Noir Clones during Ripening. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:15754-15765. [PMID: 37812751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Two Pinot noir clones (AM10/5 and UCD5) were analyzed for tannin and methoxypyrazines (MPs) in different grape tissues during berry development using liquid chromatography and two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. On a per berry basis, skin tannins reached the maximum level about 2-3 weeks after véraison, seed tannins at around véraison, and stem tannins 4 weeks before véraison. Clone AM10/5 showed significantly higher levels of seed and stem tannins on a per berry basis at harvest. Tannin concentration and composition varied among the different tissues. On a per berry basis, stem tannin levels were comparable to skin tannins but were 3 to 4 times lower than seed tannins, while stem tannins had an intermediate galloylation (5-7%) between seed tannins (12-18%) and skin tannins (2%) and lower prodelphinidin (4-7%) than skin tannins (31-36%). The mean degree of polymerization of stem tannins was similar to seed tannins but lower than skin tannins. MPs, including 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IPMP), 3-s-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (SBMP), and 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP), showed significantly higher concentrations than their sensory thresholds in grape stems but not in skins. The MPs development in stems showed an increasing trend toward véraison and then a decreasing trend toward harvest. Compared to AM 10/5, UCD5 stems showed a higher level of MPs, especially significantly higher concentrations of IPMP and IBMP at harvest. The extraction of MPs from grape stems could contribute negative green and vegetative characters to Pinot noir wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep M Wimalasiri
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Roland Harrison
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Richard Hider
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | | | - Belinda Kemp
- NIAB, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, U.K
| | - Bin Tian
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
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Siripongvutikorn S, Usawakesmanee W, Pisuchpen S, Khatcharin N, Rujirapong C. Nutritional Content and Microbial Load of Fresh Liang, Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum Leaves. Foods 2023; 12:3848. [PMID: 37893741 PMCID: PMC10605991 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liang (Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum) leaves are widely consumed as a green vegetable in Southern Thailand, and the plant is valued for its nutritional benefits. However, like other leafy greens, liang is vulnerable to microbial contamination, generating foodborne illnesses. This study examined the nutritional content and microbial load of liang leaves at different maturity stages and the effects of washing with chlorinated water. Various growth stages were analysed for proximate composition, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Results revealed distinct nutritional profiles, with tip leaves rich in protein and fat and intermediate leaves high in dietary fibre. Liang leaves are abundant in essential amino acids and proteins. Washing with chlorinated water increased leaf weight due to water retention but also caused physical damage, fostering microbial growth and spoilage. Microbiological analysis showed marginal reductions in total viable counts after washing with chlorinated water and significant decreases in coliform and Escherichia coli counts. However, stem detachment during washing increased the coliform and E. coli counts. Liang leaves exhibited favourable nutritional content, especially in the intermediate stage. Proper handling and storage of liang leaves are crucial to preventing physical damage and microbial contamination. Improved food safety measures, including appropriate post-harvest washing and handling of leafy vegetables, will ensure that consumers can safely enjoy the nutritional benefits of liang leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Siripongvutikorn
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (W.U.); (N.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Worapong Usawakesmanee
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (W.U.); (N.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Supachai Pisuchpen
- Centre of Excellence in Bio-Based Materials and Packaging Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Nicha Khatcharin
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (W.U.); (N.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Chanonkarn Rujirapong
- Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (W.U.); (N.K.); (C.R.)
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14
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang B, Fu M, Liu P, Wei JH. Structure and histochemistry of the stem of Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1333-1344. [PMID: 36919819 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep is an important plant resource for producing dragon's blood and one of most popular ornamental trees in China. For a better understanding of the physiological function of the stem, the structural characteristics and main substance histological location of the stems of D. cambodiana were studied. The structural characteristics of the different developmental stages of stems of D. cambodiana were observed and described detailly. And then a schematic diagram of the mature stem was created. Histochemical staining showed that two kinds of polysaccharides distributed in parenchymal cells. Saponins distributed mainly in ground tissue and phenolic compounds distributed mainly in the thick cell walls. An abundant of calcium oxalate raphide bundles were identified in cortex and primary tissue. Finally, the role of the above results in the taxonomy of Dracaena species and in their strong adaptability was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bocheng Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Meilong Fu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Peiwei Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Jian-He Wei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Kairouani A, Pontier D, Picart C, Mounet F, Martinez Y, Le-Bot L, Fanuel M, Hammann P, Belmudes L, Merret R, Azevedo J, Carpentier MC, Gagliardi D, Couté Y, Sibout R, Bies-Etheve N, Lagrange T. Cell-type-specific control of secondary cell wall formation by Musashi-type translational regulators in Arabidopsis. eLife 2023; 12:RP88207. [PMID: 37773033 PMCID: PMC10541177 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanism of secondary cell wall/SCW formation in plants is key to understanding their development and the molecular basis of biomass recalcitrance. Although transcriptional regulation is essential for SCW formation, little is known about the implication of post-transcriptional mechanisms in this process. Here we report that two bonafide RNA-binding proteins homologous to the animal translational regulator Musashi, MSIL2 and MSIL4, function redundantly to control SCW formation in Arabidopsis. MSIL2/4 interactomes are similar and enriched in proteins involved in mRNA binding and translational regulation. MSIL2/4 mutations alter SCW formation in the fibers, leading to a reduction in lignin deposition, and an increase of 4-O-glucuronoxylan methylation. In accordance, quantitative proteomics of stems reveal an overaccumulation of glucuronoxylan biosynthetic machinery, including GXM3, in the msil2/4 mutant stem. We showed that MSIL4 immunoprecipitates GXM mRNAs, suggesting a novel aspect of SCW regulation, linking post-transcriptional control to the regulation of SCW biosynthesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Kairouani
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Dominique Pontier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Fabien Mounet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, INP, UMR5546Castanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Yves Martinez
- FRAIB-CNRS Plateforme ImagerieCastanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Lucie Le-Bot
- Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, UR1268 BIA, INRAENantesFrance
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, UR1268 BIA, INRAENantesFrance
- PROBE research infrastructure, BIBS Facility, INRAENantesFrance
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade de CNRS, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Lucid Belmudes
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, UA13 BGE, CNRS, CEA, FR2048GrenobleFrance
| | - Remy Merret
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Jacinthe Azevedo
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Dominique Gagliardi
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, IBMP, CNRS, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, UA13 BGE, CNRS, CEA, FR2048GrenobleFrance
| | - Richard Sibout
- Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, UR1268 BIA, INRAENantesFrance
| | - Natacha Bies-Etheve
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
| | - Thierry Lagrange
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, CNRS, UMR5096PerpignanFrance
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Johansen MO, Eliassen S, Jeno LM. "Why is this relevant for me?": increasing content relevance enhances student motivation and vitality. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1184804. [PMID: 37842715 PMCID: PMC10569612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1184804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion that motivation is imperative for students' psychological well-being and academic functioning is central to Self-Determination Theory (SDT). According to SDT, different types of motivations can co-occur to a various degree with separate outcomes, depending on the extent of experienced degree of autonomy. In the current study, we investigate how making a learning exercise more relevant for higher education STEM students can affect aspects of student functioning mediated through motivation. In a randomized experiment, results indicate that the students who received a more "relevant" assignment (experimental group) experienced more autonomous forms of motivation relative to the students who received a "generic" or "traditional" exercise (control group). Further, the experimental group reported higher levels of vitality and effort relative to the control group. Using a pre- and post-test design measuring changes in emotional affect during the learning activity, we found that the control group reported an increase in negative affect and a decrease in positive affect. Finally, path analysis showed significant relationships between the type of assignment provided and motivation and student functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ole Johansen
- bioCEED – Centre of Excellence in Biology Education, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrunn Eliassen
- bioCEED – Centre of Excellence in Biology Education, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Gaston P, Clement ND, Ohly NE, Macpherson GJ, Hamilton DF. Can Arthroplasty Stem Influence Outcome: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Stem Length in Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:1793-1801. [PMID: 36813218 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim was to assess whether a short (125 millimeter (mm)) stem offered an equivalent hip-specific function compared to the standard (150 mm) stem when used for cemented total hip arthroplasty. Secondary aims were to evaluate health-related quality of life, patient satisfaction, stem height and alignment, as well as radiographic loosenings and complications between the two stems. METHODS A prospective twin-center double-blind randomized control trial was conducted. During a 15-month period, 220 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty were randomized to either a standard (n = 110) or a short (n = 110) stem. There were no significant (P ≥ .065) differences in preoperative variables between the groups. Functional outcomes and radiographic assessment were undertaken at a mean of 1 and 2 years. RESULTS There were no differences (P = .428) in hip-specific function according to the mean Oxford hip scores at 1 year (primary endpoint) or at 2 years (P = .622) between the groups. The short stem group had greater varus angulation (0.9 degrees, P = .003) when compared to the standard group and were more likely (odds ratio 2.42, P = .002) to have varus stem alignment beyond one standard deviation from the mean. There were no significant (P ≥ .083) differences in the forgotten joint scores, EuroQol-5-Dimension, EuroQol-visual analogue scale, short form 12, patient satisfaction, complications, stem height, or radiolucent zones at 1 or 2 years between the groups. CONCLUSION The cemented short stem used in this study had equivalent hip-specific function, health-related quality of life, and patient satisfaction when compared to the standard stem at mean 2 years post operation. However, the short stem was associated with a greater rate of varus malalignment, which may influence future implant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gaston
- Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Nicholas D Clement
- Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | | | - Gavin J Macpherson
- Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - David F Hamilton
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow
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18
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Li C, Aluko OO, Shi S, Mo Z, Nong T, Shi C, Li Z, Wang Q, Liu H. Determination of optimal NH 4+/K + concentration and corresponding ratio critical for growth of tobacco seedlings in a hydroponic sy stem. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1152817. [PMID: 37496856 PMCID: PMC10368480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Inherently, ammonium (NH4 +) is critical for plant growth; however, its toxicity suppresses potassium (K+) uptake and vice-versa. Hence, attaining a nutritional balance between these two ions (NH4 + and K+) becomes imperative for the growth of tobacco seedlings. Therefore, we conducted a 15-day experimental study on tobacco seedlings exposed to different concentrations (47 treatments) of NH4 +/K+ at different corresponding 12 ratios simultaneously in a hydroponic system. Our study aimed at establishing the optimal NH4 +-K+ concentration and the corresponding ratio required for optimal growth of different tobacco plant organs during the seedling stage. The controls were the baseline for comparison in this study. Plants with low or excessive NH4 +-K+ concentration had leaf chlorosis or dark greenish colouration, stunted whole plant part biomass, and thin roots. We found that adequate K+ supply is a pragmatic way to mitigate NH4 +-induced toxicity in tobacco plants. The optimal growth for tobacco leaf and root was attained at NH4 +-K+ concentrations 2-2 mM (ratio 1:1), whereas stem growth was optimal at NH4 +-K+ 1-2 mM (1:2). The study provided an insight into the right combination of NH4 +/K+ that could mitigate or prevent NH4 + or K+ stress in the tobacco seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzong Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Sujuan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Technology Center, Shanghai Tobacco Company, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Mo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Yichang City Company, Hubei Tobacco Company, Yichang, China
| | - Tongjia Nong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuhan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Yichang City Company, Hubei Tobacco Company, Yichang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Hanif M, Arshad N, Habib Y, Shami AM, Rehman OU, Rehman M, Reyaz M, Mumtaz H. Effect of cementing technique on aseptic stem loosening in cemented primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:2884-2895. [PMID: 37363463 PMCID: PMC10289703 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aseptic stem loosening after total hip arthroplasty surgery is the commonest complication, whether stem is cemented or uncemented. The aseptic cemented stem loosening has been a challenging problem over the years and a leading cause for revision since the inception of total hip arthroplasty. The objective of systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of cementing technique on aseptic stem loosening in total hip arthroplasty. Methods Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, Google scholar, Medline, PubMed were searched in 13 December 2020. Two independent investigators extracted the data and a third investigator's involvement was reached on consensus. A total of 37 studies of revision rate due to aseptic loosening were reviewed by using fixed/random effects size and were grouped by cementing technique and studies' characteristics. The data were analyzed through Meta-Essentials and RStudio. Results In revision total hip arthroplasty, retained femoral components revisions rate due to aseptic loosening were recorded in 37 studies involving 6167 cases. Aseptic loosening rate collectively was 5.8% (CI 95%, 0.03-0.08) and mean follow-up of study was 12.5 years. The average follow-up period, mean age at index revision surgery and percentage of aseptic loosening were insignificantly associated with revision rate (P≥0.05), in meta-regression univariant analyses. Conclusion This investigative analysis showed that there is a minimal difference between results of cementing techniques of total hip arthroplasty in femoral components in long-term follow-ups, and usually have a low risk of failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hassan Mumtaz
- Maroof International Hospital Public Health Scholar: Health Services Academy, Islamabad
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20
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Qin S, Fu S, Yang Y, Sun Q, Wang J, Dong Y, Gu X, Wang T, Xie X, Mo X, Jiang H, Yu Y, Yan J, Chu J, Zheng B, He Y. Comparative Microscopic, Transcriptome and IAA Content Analyses Reveal the Stem Growth Variations in Two Cultivars Ilex verticillata. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1941. [PMID: 37653858 PMCID: PMC10220661 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Ilex verticillata is not only an excellent ornamental tree species for courtyards, but it is also a popular bonsai tree. 'Oosterwijk' and 'Red sprite' are two varieties of Ilex verticillata. The former has a long stem with few branches, while the latter has a short stem. In order to explain the stem growth differences between the two cultivars 'Oosterwijk' and 'Red sprite', determination of the microstructure, transcriptome sequence and IAA content was carried out. The results showed that the xylem thickness, vessel area and vessel number of 'Oosterwijk' were larger than in 'Red sprite'. In addition, our analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes which were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis in the black and tan modules of the two varieties. We found that AST, HCT and bHLH 94 may be key genes in the formation of shoot difference. Moreover, we found that the IAA content and auxin-related DEGs GH3.6, GH3, ATRP5, IAA27, SAUR36-like, GH3.6-like and AIP 10A5-like may play important roles in the formation of shoot differences. In summary, these results indicated that stem growth variations of 'Oosterwijk' and 'Red sprite' were associated with DEGs related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, as well as auxin content and DEGs related to the auxin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Siyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qiumin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanling Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Hangjin Jiang
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Youxiang Yu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jijun Yan
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.Y.); (J.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Q.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (Y.D.); (X.G.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (B.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, China
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21
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López VL, Bottan L, Martínez Pastur G, Lencinas MV, Cuyckens GAE, Cellini JM. Characterization of Polylepis tarapacana Life Forms in the Highest-Elevation Altiplano in South America: Influence of the Topography, Climate and Human Uses. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091806. [PMID: 37176864 PMCID: PMC10180703 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the upper vegetation limit of the Andes, trees change to shrub forms or other life forms, such as low scrubs. The diversity of life forms decreases with elevation; tree life forms generally decrease, and communities of shrubs and herbs increase in the Andean highlands. Most of treeline populations in the northwestern Argentina Altiplano are monospecific stands of Polylepis tarapacana, a cold-tolerant evergreen species that is able to withstand harsh climatic conditions under different life forms. There are no studies for P. tarapacana that analyze life forms across environmental and human impact gradients relating them with environmental factors. This study aims to determine the influence of topographic, climatic, geographic and proxies to human uses on the occurrence of life forms in P. tarapacana trees. We worked with 70 plots, and a new proposal of tree life form classification was presented for P. tarapacana (arborescent, dwarf trees, shrubs and brousse tigrée). We describe the forest biometry of each life form and evaluate the frequency of these life forms in relation to the environmental factors and human uses. The results show a consistency in the changes in the different life forms across the studied environmental gradients, where the main changes were related to elevation, slope and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lien López
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas (LIMAD), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (FCAyF), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
- CCT-La Plata (CONICET), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Lucia Bottan
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Te\u0301cnicas (CONICET), Houssay 200, Ushuaia 9410, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Martínez Pastur
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Te\u0301cnicas (CONICET), Houssay 200, Ushuaia 9410, Argentina
| | - María Vanessa Lencinas
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Te\u0301cnicas (CONICET), Houssay 200, Ushuaia 9410, Argentina
| | - Griet An Erica Cuyckens
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA-CONICET-UNJu) y Centro de Estudios Territoriales Ambientales y Sociales (CETAS-UNJu), Alberdi 47, San Salvador de Jujuy 4600, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Cellini
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas (LIMAD), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (FCAyF), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata 1900, Argentina
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22
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Zhuang Q, Ge M, Yu X, Chai J, Zhang L, Tang S, Wei H, Zhang J, Zhao G. Revealing an initiation inhibition of RCA and its application in nucleic acid detection. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:672-682. [PMID: 37078748 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rolling circle amplification is a widely used biosensing technique. Although various secondary structures have been employed in RCA, their effects on RCA efficiency have seldom been reported. Here, we find that stems in circular templates can strongly inhibit RCA, and the primer-stem distance is responsible for the inhibition. Based on the results, we propose an initiation inhibition mechanism and present a design principle for a general RCA assay. Inspired by this mechanism, we further propose a new nucleic acid detection method. The results verify that this method can increase RCA detection sensitivity according to the target recycling principle. Besides DNA detection, it can also achieve single mismatch discrimination of miRNA detection after optimization. This method also shows convenient visualization detection. The initiation inhibition of RCA could be helpful for RCA applications as promising detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Meiqiong Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jing Chai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Suming Tang
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Guojie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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23
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Bocarro JN, Casper JM, Bush KA, Steptoe A, DuPree S, Blake V, Kanters MA. An Exploratory Study of a Health and Wellness Intervention on STEM
College Students During COVID-19. Recreational Sports Journal 2023; 47:35-48. [PMCID: PMC9899668 DOI: 10.1177/15588661231154490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
To address the growing health challenges faced by college students, campus
recreation departments have evolved from a primary university intramural sport
setting to organizations that have an increased emphasis on student recruitment,
retention, and overall wellness. Among the strategies used to attract and engage
students in campus recreation programs and services, health coaching shows some
promise as a potentially effective intervention strategy. This study examined
the efficacy of a university campus recreation health coaching program. Students
from Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) disciplines (n = 34) were
provided with individual, group, and virtual support to assist in developing
effective strategies for academic success. Fitbit data measuring participants’
sleep and physical activity were collected along with self-reported measures of
stress and perceived happiness and focus group qualitative data focused on
participants’ perceptions of the program. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic forcing
the program to adapt, findings suggest that health coaching may be an effective
intervention strategy to help university students cope with the heightened
anxiety and stress levels associated with campus life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N. Bocarro
- Department of Parks, Recreation &
Tourism Management, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Casper
- Department of Parks, Recreation &
Tourism Management, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Bush
- Department of Parks, Recreation &
Tourism Management, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Steptoe
- Wellness & Recreation, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shannon DuPree
- Wellness & Recreation, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Blake
- Center for Sport Leadership, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael A. Kanters
- Department of Parks, Recreation &
Tourism Management, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, USA
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24
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Yang Y, Wang SJ, Wang J. Stem Anatomy Confirms Tingia unita Is a Progymnosperm. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12040494. [PMID: 37106695 PMCID: PMC10136042 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Tingia Halle, a representative genus of the Cathaysia Flora, has been studied for nearly 100 years, being a small heterosporous tree based on the gross morphology of Tingia unita. However, the systematic affinity of Tingia is uncertain. Now, a number of well-preserved fossils of T. unita from the Taiyuan Formation of Lower Permian in Wuda Coalfield, Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia facilitates an examination of wood anatomy. The stem anatomy of T. unita shows parenchymatous pith, endarch primary xylem, pycnoxylic secondary xylem, and cortex, typically a type of gymnosperm wood, which taken together with pteridophytic reproduction, certainly evidences that Tingia Halle is a progymnosperm. In addition, Tingia together with Paratingia provide strong evidence to link the Noeggerathiales with progymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Tanaka W, Yamauchi T, Tsuda K. Genetic basis controlling rice plant architecture and its modification for breeding. Breed Sci 2023; 73:3-45. [PMID: 37168811 PMCID: PMC10165344 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the history of artificial selection of domestication and post-domestication breeding, the architecture of rice has significantly changed from its wild ancestor to fulfil requirements in agriculture. We review the recent studies on developmental biology in rice by focusing on components determining rice plant architecture; shoot meristems, leaves, tillers, stems, inflorescences and roots. We also highlight natural variations that affected these structures and were utilized in cultivars. Importantly, many core regulators identified from developmental mutants have been utilized in breeding as weak alleles moderately affecting these architectures. Given a surge of functional genomics and genome editing, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rice plant architecture discussed here will provide a theoretical basis to push breeding further forward not only in rice but also in other crops and their wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Tanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takaki Yamauchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tsuda
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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26
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Kida D, Hashimoto H, Ito N, Kito Y, Mori K, Hattori Y, Takahashi N, Matsubara M. Patient-Specific Femoral Guide with 3-Dimensional Support Software in Anterolateral Supine Approach of Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Single-Arm Trial. Kurume Med J 2023; 68:1-8. [PMID: 36754380 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms681003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no surgical assistance system that can perform a three-dimensional (3D) planned total hip arthroplasty (THA) by methods other than surgical assistance navigation or robots. However, they are expensive, cumbersome, and subject to additional invasiveness, so there is a need for a simpler and less expensive 3D surgical support system. In this study, THA was performed using the anterolateral approach (Watson-Jones) in the supine position in 23 subjects to examine the efficacy and safety of a patient-specific femoral guide linked to 3D surgery support software. In 48% of the subjects, the difference in anterior torsion angle from the preoperative plan was within ±5 degrees, while in 83% of the subjects, the difference was within ±10 degrees. The 95% confidence interval (4.61-8.70) of the absolute difference did not fall below the pre-defined threshold of 7.2 degrees (p = 0.293). No adverse events were observed other than 2 cases (8.7%) of hemorrhage that required a blood transfusion. We confirmed the efficacy and safety of the patient-specific femoral guide in anterolateral supine approach THA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daihei Kida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Hiroya Hashimoto
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Noriko Ito
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | | | - Kouichi Mori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Yosuke Hattori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center
| | - Nobunori Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Reddy NC, Chang RN, Prentice HA, Paxton EW, Kelly MP, Khatod M. Single Wedge Femoral Stem Designs are Associated With a Higher Risk for Revision After Cementless Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2022:S0883-5403(22)01094-4. [PMID: 36535447 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) femoral stems are the most commonly selected prostheses in the United States. Optimal stem geometry remains controversial with excellent survivorship reported for many designs. We compared cause-specific stem revision of single-wedge versus double-wedge designs from a multicenter US cohort. METHODS Data from an integrated healthcare network's total joint replacement registry were used to conduct a cohort study. Primary elective cementless THAs were identified (2001 to 2018). Implant exposure groups were classified by design geometry using the system proposed by Khanuja et al. Type 1 single-wedge (n = 11,082) and type 2 double-wedge (n = 32,380) designs were compared, and other design types were excluded; the final study cohort comprised 43,462 THAs. Cause-specific multivariable Cox regressions were used to evaluate risk for revision due to infection or aseptic reasons, including loosening, instability, periprosthetic fracture, or other reasons. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, a higher aseptic revision risk was observed for type 1 when compared to type 2 designs (hazard ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.33-2.75). When looking at specific revision reasons, revision for aseptic loosening (hazard ratio = 3.46, 95% confidence interval = 2.24-5.34) was higher for type 1 versus type 2 designs. No differences were found for septic revision, instability, periprosthetic fracture, or revisions for other reasons. CONCLUSIONS Type 1 single-wedge designs were found to have a higher risk of revision due to aseptic loosening relative to type 2 double-wedge designs. Femoral stem geometry should be considered when selecting a cementless femoral implant. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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28
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Levin JM, Rodriguez K, Polascik BA, Zeng S, Warren E, Rechenmacher A, Helmkamp J, Goltz DE, Wickman J, Klifto CS, Lassiter TE, Anakwenze O. Simple preoperative radiographic and computed tomography measurements predict adequate bone quality for stemless total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 31:2481-2487. [PMID: 35671925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although there is increased utilization of stemless humeral implants in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), there are inadequate objective metrics to evaluate bone quality sufficient for fixation. Our goals are to: (1) compare patient characteristics in patients who had plans for stemless TSA but received stemmed TSA due to intraoperative assessments and (2) propose threshold values of bone density, using the deltoid tuberosity index (DTI) and proximal humerus Hounsfield units (HU), on preoperative X-ray and computed tomography (CT) to allow for preoperative determination of adequate bone stock for stemless TSA. METHODS This is an observational study conducted at an academic institution from 2019 to 2021, including consecutive primary TSAs templated to undergo stemless TSA based on 3-dimensional CT preoperative plans. Final implant selection was determined by intraoperative assessment of bone quality. Preoperative X-ray and CT images were assessed to obtain DTI and proximal humeral bone density in HU, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the potential of preoperative X-ray and CT to classify patients as candidates for stemless TSA. RESULTS A total of 61 planned stemless TSAs were included, with 56 (91.8%) undergoing stemless TSA and 5 (8.2%) undergoing stemmed TSA after intraoperative assessment determined that the bone quality was inadequate for stemless fixation. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of gender (P = .640), body mass index (P = .296), and race (P = .580). The stem cohort was significantly older (mean age 69 ± 12 years vs. 59 ± 10 years, P = .029), had significantly lower DTI (1.45 ± 0.13 vs. 1.68 ± 0.18, P = .007), and had significantly less proximal humeral HU (-1.4 ± 17.7 vs. 78.8 ± 52.4, P = .001). The receiver operating characteristic curve for DTI had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86, and bone density in HU had an AUC of 0.98 in its ability to distinguish patients who underwent stemless TSA vs. short-stem TSA. A threshold cutoff of 1.41 for DTI resulted in a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 60%, and a cutoff value of 14.4 HU resulted in a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS Older age, lower DTI, and less proximal humeral bone density in HU were associated with the requirement to switch from stemless to short-stem humeral fixation in primary TSA. Preoperative DTI had good ability (AUC of 0.86) and preoperative HU had excellent ability (AUC of 0.98) to categorize patients as appropriate for stemless TSA. This can help surgeons adequately plan humeral fixation using standard preoperative imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Levin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn Rodriguez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Breanna A Polascik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric Warren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Albert Rechenmacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua Helmkamp
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel E Goltz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Wickman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher S Klifto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tally E Lassiter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Oke Anakwenze
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Meng L, Song W, Chen S, Hu F, Pang B, Cheng J, He B, Sun F. Widely targeted metabolomics analysis reveals the mechanism of quality improvement of flue-cured tobacco. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1074029. [PMID: 36523627 PMCID: PMC9746875 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1074029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flue-curing of top leaves with stems is a widely applied curing technology. Owing to the presence of stems, the quality of flue-cured leaves was significantly improved. However, the contribution of stems to flue-cured leaves is still unknown. In this study, the differences in physicochemical properties and metabolomics data between separated leaves (stem(-)) and leaves with stems (stem(+)) were investigated. The metabolic profiling of stem(+) was significantly different from that of stem(-), with phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) being one of the most differential metabolites. The presence of stems reduced the rate of water loss in leaves, which led to less ROS accumulation, higher antioxidant enzyme activities and a lower level of membrane lipid peroxidation in stem(+) than in stem(-). The presence of stems also helped maintain the cellular membrane integrity of leaf cells by preventing the accumulation of IAA in leaf cells. Better cellular membrane integrity during flue-curing means a lower risk of leaf browning. In addition, stem(+) had a lower starch content than stem(-) because of a higher level of amylase activity. In summary, these results indicated that the presence of stems caused metabolism changes in leaves, prevented flue-cured leaves from browning and enhanced starch degradation in leaves during flue-curing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Shuaiwei Chen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Fengqin Hu
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, China
| | - Bingwen Pang
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, China
| | - Bing He
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, China
| | - Fushan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, China
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Luo Y, Chang Y, Li C, Wang Y, Cui H, Jin M, Wang Z, Li Y. Shading decreases lodging resistance of wheat under different planting densities by altering lignin monomer composition of stems. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1056193. [PMID: 36466230 PMCID: PMC9714359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the influences of shading stress and planting density on the lignin monomer composition of wheat stems and their relationship with lodging resistance, Lodging resistant variety Shannong 23 (SN23) and lodging sensitive variety Shannong 16 (SN16) were grown during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. The planting densities were 150 × 104 plants ha-1 (D1), 225 × 104 plants ha-1 (D2) and 300 × 104 plants ha-1 (D3). At the jointing stage, an artificial shading shed was used to simulate shading stress. Then the effects of shading on stem morphological characteristics, lignin monomer composition and lodging resistance of wheat under different planting densities were studied. Results indicate that shading at the jointing stage increased the length of basal internodes and the plant height and moved the height of center of gravity (CG) upward. Moreover, the stem diameter and the wall thickness decreased by 0.10-0.53 mm and 0.18-0.40 mm, respectively. The stem filling degree was reduced accordingly. As indicated by the correlation analysis and the stepwise regression analysis, shading-induced lodging mainly resulted from changes in the stem morphological characteristics and lignin accumulation. The influential magnitude of these factors was ordered as follows: stem filling degree, wall thickness, lignin content, contents and proportions of monomers S and H, and length of the second internode. The expression abundance of TaPAL, TaCOMT, TaCCR, and TaCAD declined in response to shading stress and high planting density. As a result, the distribution ratios of photosynthetic carbon sources to lignin monomers S, G and H were changed. The lignin content of stems on the day 42 after the jointing stage decreased by 18.48%. The monomer S content decreased, while the content and proportion of monomer H increased, thus weakening the breaking strength of wheat stems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Li
- *Correspondence: Yong Li, ; Zhenlin Wang,
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31
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Kumar R, Hosseinzadehtaher M, Hein N, Shadmand M, Jagadish SVK, Ghanbarian B. Challenges and advances in measuring sap flow in agriculture and agroforestry: A review with focus on nuclear magnetic resonance. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1036078. [PMID: 36426161 PMCID: PMC9679431 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1036078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sap flow measurement is one of the most effective methods for quantifying plant water use.A better understanding of sap flow dynamics can aid in more efficient water and crop management, particularly under unpredictable rainfall patterns and water scarcity resulting from climate change. In addition to detecting infected plants, sap flow measurement helps select plant species that could better cope with hotter and drier conditions. There exist multiple methods to measure sap flow including heat balance, dyes and radiolabeled tracers. Heat sensor-based techniques are the most popular and commercially available to study plant hydraulics, even though most of them are invasive and associated with multiple kinds of errors. Heat-based methods are prone to errors due to misalignment of probes and wounding, despite all the advances in this technology. Among existing methods for measuring sap flow, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an appropriate non-invasive approach. However, there are challenges associated with applications of NMR to measure sap flow in trees or field crops, such as producing homogeneous magnetic field, bulkiness and poor portable nature of the instruments, and operational complexity. Nonetheless, various advances have been recently made that allow the manufacture of portable NMR tools for measuring sap flow in plants. The basic concept of the portal NMR tool is based on an external magnetic field to measure the sap flow and hence advances in magnet types and magnet arrangements (e.g., C-type, U-type, and Halbach magnets) are critical components of NMR-based sap flow measuring tools. Developing a non-invasive, portable and inexpensive NMR tool that can be easily used under field conditions would significantly improve our ability to monitor vegetation responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Mohsen Hosseinzadehtaher
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nathan Hein
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Mohammad Shadmand
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Behzad Ghanbarian
- Porous Media Research Lab, Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Sáinz M, Fàbregues S, Romano MJ, López BS. Interventions to increase young people's interest in STEM. A scoping review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:954996. [PMID: 36304876 PMCID: PMC9593045 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The underrepresentation of young people and particularly young women in many STEM fields has inspired various intervention programmes and research intended to boost their interest in these areas. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions designed to encourage interest in STEM among secondary school students, particularly female students, over the past 20 years. A systematic search of the literature in five databases and additional search strategies resulted in identifying 215 studies evaluating interventions in different disciplinary fields. Data extraction and synthesis of these studies were carried out, focusing on the methodologies and theoretical foundations used. Twenty-five exemplars were selected to illustrate best practices in designing and evaluating interventions that address the various facets of young people's lack of interest in STEM. These interventions attempt to modify and/or manipulate multiple environmental and school factors to impact students' personal factors associated with STEM interest, such as achievement, self-perception of ability, and self-efficacy. Implications for the design of future interventions and potential outcomes are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Sáinz
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Fàbregues
- Department of Psychology and Education, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Romano
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz-Soledad López
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhao D, Luan Y, Shi W, Tang Y, Huang X, Tao J. Melatonin enhances stem strength by increasing lignin content and secondary cell wall thickness in herbaceous peony. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:5974-5991. [PMID: 35436332 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cut flower quality is severely restrained by stem bending due to low stem strength. Melatonin has been shown to function in many aspects of plant growth and development, yet whether it can enhance stem strength, and the corresponding underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the role of melatonin in enhancement of stem strength in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) by applying exogenous melatonin and changing endogenous melatonin biosynthesis. Endogenous melatonin content positively correlated with lignin content and stem strength in various P. lactiflora cultivars. Supplementation with exogenous melatonin significantly enhanced stem strength by increasing lignin content and the S/G lignin compositional ratio, up-regulating lignin biosynthetic gene expression. Moreover, overexpression of TRYPTOPHAN DECARBOXYLASE GENE (TDC) responsible for the first committed step of melatonin biosynthesis in tobacco, significantly increased endogenous melatonin, which further increased the S/G ratio and stem strength. In contrast, silencing PlTDC in P. lactiflora decreased endogenous melatonin, the S/G ratio and stem strength. Finally, manipulating the expression of CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE GENE (COMT1), which is involved in both melatonin and lignin biosynthesis, showed even greater effects on melatonin, the S/G ratio and stem strength. Our results suggest that melatonin has a positive regulatory effect on P. lactiflora stem strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuting Luan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xingqi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Takahashi K, Sakabe A, Azuma WA, Itoh M, Imai T, Matsumura Y, Tateishi M, Kosugi Y. Insights into the mechanism of diurnal variations in methane emission from the stem surfaces of Alnus japonica. New Phytol 2022; 235:1757-1766. [PMID: 35835139 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that in certain environments, tree stems emit methane (CH4 ). This study explored the mechanism of CH4 emission from the stem surfaces of Alnus japonica in a riparian wetland. Stem CH4 emission rates and sap flux were monitored year-round, and fine-root anatomy was investigated. CH4 emission rates were estimated using a closed-chamber method. Sap flux was measured using Granier-type thermal dissipation probes. Root anatomy was studied using both optical and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. CH4 emissions during the leafy season exhibited a diurnally changing component superimposed upon an underlying continuum in which the diurnal variation was in phase with sap flux. We propose a model in which stem CH4 emission involves at least two processes: a sap flux-dependent component responsible for the diurnal changes, and a sap flux-independent component responsible for the background continuum. The contribution ratios of the two processes are season-dependent. The background continuum possibly resulted from the diffusive transport of gaseous CH4 from the roots to the upper trunk. Root anatomy analysis indicated that the intercellular space of the cortex and empty xylem cells in fine roots could serve as a passageway for transport of gaseous CH4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Takahashi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakabe
- The Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Wakana A Azuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 670-0092, Japan
| | - Tomoya Imai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuki Matsumura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Makiko Tateishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kosugi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Ralph VR, Scharlott LJ, Schafer AGL, Deshaye MY, Becker NM, Stowe RL. Advancing Equity in STEM: The Impact Assessment Design Has on Who Succeeds in Undergraduate Introductory Chemistry. JACS Au 2022; 2:1869-1880. [PMID: 36032534 PMCID: PMC9400050 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
What we as scientists and educators assess has a tremendous impact on whom we authorize to participate in science careers. Unfortunately, in critical gateway chemistry courses, assessments commonly emphasize and reward recall of disaggregated facts or performance of (often mathematical) skills. Such an emphasis marginalizes students based on their access to pre-college math preparation and misrepresents the intellectual work of chemistry. Here, we explore whether assessing intellectual work more authentic to the practice of chemistry (i.e., mechanistic reasoning) might support more equitable achievement. Mechanistic reasoning involves explaining a phenomenon in terms of interactions between lower scale entities (e.g., atoms and molecules). We collected 352 assessment tasks administered in college-level introductory chemistry courses across two universities. What was required for success on these tasks was rote math skills (165), mechanistic reasoning (36), neither (126), or both (25). Logistic regression models predict that the intellectual work emphasized on in an assessment could impact whether 15-20% of the cohort passes or fails. Whom does assessment emphasis impact most? Predicted pass rates for those often categorized as "at-risk" could be 67 or 93%, depending on whether their success was defined by rote calculation or mechanistic reasoning. Therefore, assessment transformation could provide a path toward advancing the relevance of our courses and educational equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R. Ralph
- Teaching
Engagement Program (Office of the Provost) and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Leah J. Scharlott
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, 305 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Adam G. L. Schafer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Megan Y. Deshaye
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicole M. Becker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, 305 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ryan L. Stowe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Bird N, Scobie N, Palmer A, Ludwinski D. To transplant, or not to transplant? That is the question. A patient advocate evaluation of autologous stem cell transplant in neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29663. [PMID: 35373890 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has been a mainstay of high-risk neuroblastoma treatment for several decades, demonstrating improvements in event-free survival but with risks of serious or even life-threatening acute toxicities, severe long-term adverse health effects for survivors, and ongoing contention regarding overall survival benefit. The merits of ASCT in the modern era of immunotherapy are a source of debate among parents, advocates, and some physicians. Here we examine evidence for and against ASCT, explore parent attitudes and their turmoil over decision-making, and strongly encourage international research consortia to develop a coordinated strategy to accelerate progress toward a future that avoids the routine use of ASCT in high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Zhang CW, Guo JQ, Li WP, Luo YJ, Yao Y, Xu CQ, Shen GA, Suo FM, Guo BL. [Content correlation of eight phenolic acids and flavonoids in different medicinal parts of PA-type Perilla germplasms]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:3447-3451. [PMID: 35850795 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220316.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 10 PA-type Perilla germplasms were selected to detect the content of two phenolic acids, i.e., rosmarinic acid(RA) and caffeic acid(CA), and six flavonoids, including scutellarin-7-O-diglucuronoside(SDG), luteolin-7-O-diglucuronoside(LDG), apigenin-7-O-diglucuronoside(ADG), scutellarin-7-O-glucuroside(SG), luteolin-7-O-glucuroside(LG), and apigenin-7-O-glucuroside(AG) in leaves, stems, and fruits. The total content of phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves was 3.991-12.028 mg·g~(-1) and 12.309-25.071 mg·g~(-1), respectively, which was much higher than that in stems(0.586-2.015 mg·g~(-1) and 0.879-1.413 mg·g~(-1), respectively) and fruits(0.004-2.222 mg·g~(-1) and 0.651-1.936 mg·g~(-1), respectively). RA was detected in five fruit samples, and RA content between leaves and fruits showed a significant negative correlation in the other five samples. For flavonoids, only LG and LDG could be detected in stems, and SG and SDG were not detected in fruits, while other flavonoids were not detected in some samples. The content of total flavonoids and LG in leaves and fruits was significantly positively correlated, and the content of LG in stems and fruits was significantly positively correlated. In 10 stem samples, seven met the standard that the content of RA in the stem should be not less than 0.1% specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). Only one fruit sample reached the standard of RA content in the fruit not less than 0.25% specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wu Zhang
- Shanxi Pharmaceutical Vocational College Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jia-Qi Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao-Qun Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guo-An Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng-Mei Suo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bao-Lin Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
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Innocenti B, Bori E, Pianigiani S. Biomechanical Analysis of the Use of Stems in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060259. [PMID: 35735502 PMCID: PMC9220056 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate fixation is fundamental in revision total knee arthroplasty; consequently, surgeons must determine the correct set-up for each patient, choosing from numerous stem solutions. Several designs are currently available on the market, but there are no evidence-based quantitative biomechanical guideline yet. Therefore, several stems were designed and analyzed using a previously-validated finite-element model. The following parameters were studied: stem design characteristics (length and shape), added features (straight/bowed stem), fixation technique, and effect of slots/flutes. Bone stress and Risk of Fracture (RF) were analyzed in different regions of interest during a squat (up to 120°). For the femoral stem, the results indicated that all parameters influenced the bone stress distribution. The maximum von Mises stress and RF were always located near the tip of the stem. The long stems generated stress-shielding in the distal bone. Regarding the tibial stem, cemented stems showed lower micromotions at the bone-tibial tray interface and at the stem tip compared to press-fit stems, reducing the risk of implant loosening. The results demonstrated that anatomical shapes and slots reduce bone stress and risk of fracture, whereas flutes have the opposite effect; no relevant differences were found in this regard when alternating cemented and press-fit stem configurations. Cemented tibial stems reduce antero-posterior micromotions, preventing implant loosening.
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von Vacano C, Ruiz M, Starowicz R, Olojo S, Moreno Luna AY, Muzzall E, Mendoza-Denton R, Harding DJ. Critical Faculty and Peer Instructor Development: Core Components for Building Inclusive STEM Programs in Higher Education. Front Psychol 2022; 13:754233. [PMID: 35712159 PMCID: PMC9197167 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.754233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
First-generation college students and those from ethnic groups such as African Americans, Latinx, Native Americans, or Indigenous Peoples in the United States are less likely to pursue STEM-related professions. How might we develop conceptual and methodological approaches to understand instructional differences between various undergraduate STEM programs that contribute to racial and social class disparities in psychological indicators of academic success such as learning orientations and engagement? Within social psychology, research has focused mainly on student-level mechanisms surrounding threat, motivation, and identity. A largely parallel literature in sociology, meanwhile, has taken a more institutional and critical approach to inequalities in STEM education, pointing to the macro level historical, cultural, and structural roots of those inequalities. In this paper, we bridge these two perspectives by focusing on critical faculty and peer instructor development as targets for inclusive STEM education. These practices, especially when deployed together, have the potential to disrupt the unseen but powerful historical forces that perpetuate STEM inequalities, while also positively affecting student-level proximate factors, especially for historically marginalized students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Renee Starowicz
- D-Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Seyi Olojo
- School of Information, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Arlyn Y Moreno Luna
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Evan Muzzall
- D-Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - David J Harding
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Bliss CM, Freyn AW, Caniels TG, Leyva-Grado VH, Nachbagauer R, Sun W, Tan GS, Gillespie VL, McMahon M, Krammer F, Hill AVS, Palese P, Coughlan L. A single-shot adenoviral vaccine provides hemagglutinin stalk-mediated protection against heterosubtypic influenza challenge in mice. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2024-2047. [PMID: 34999208 PMCID: PMC9092311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional influenza vaccines fail to confer broad protection against diverse influenza A viruses with pandemic potential. Efforts to develop a universal influenza virus vaccine include refocusing immunity towards the highly conserved stalk domain of the influenza virus surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA). We constructed a non-replicating adenoviral (Ad) vector, encoding a secreted form of H1 HA, to evaluate HA stalk-focused immunity. The Ad5_H1 vaccine was tested in mice for its ability to elicit broad, cross-reactive protection against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic lethal challenge in a single-shot immunization regimen. Ad5_H1 elicited hemagglutination inhibition (HI+) active antibodies (Abs), which conferred 100% sterilizing protection from homologous H1N1 challenge. Furthermore, Ad5_H1 rapidly induced H1-stalk-specific Abs with Fc-mediated effector function activity, in addition to stimulating both CD4+ and CD8+ stalk-specific T cell responses. This phenotype of immunity provided 100% protection from lethal challenge with a head-mismatched, reassortant influenza virus bearing a chimeric HA, cH6/1, in a stalk-mediated manner. Most importantly, 100% protection from mortality following lethal challenge with a heterosubtypic avian influenza virus, H5N1, was observed following a single immunization with Ad5_H1. In conclusion, Ad-based influenza vaccines can elicit significant breadth of protection in naive animals and could be considered for pandemic preparedness and stockpiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M Bliss
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alec W Freyn
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tom G Caniels
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Victor H Leyva-Grado
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Weina Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gene S Tan
- Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Virginia L Gillespie
- The Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery (CCMS) Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Nandi S, Shah A, Joukar A, Becker K, Crutchfield C, Goel V. Short single-wedge stems have higher risk of periprosthetic fracture than other cementless stem designs in Dorr type A femurs: a finite element analysis. Hip Int 2022; 32:298-303. [PMID: 32865039 DOI: 10.1177/1120700020949185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of total hip arthroplasty (THA) femoral stems that transmit force in a favourable manner to the femur may minimise periprosthetic fractures. Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computerised method that analyses the effect of forces applied to a structure with complex shape. Our aim was to apply FEA to compare primary THA cementless stem designs and their association with periprosthetic fracture risk. METHODS 3-dimensional (3D) models of a Dorr Type A femur and 5 commonly used primary THA cementless stem designs (short single wedge, standard-length single wedge, modular, double-wedge metaphyseal filling, and cylindrical fully coated) were developed using computed tomography (CT) imaging. Implant insertion, single-leg stance, and twisting with a planted foot were simulated. FEA was performed, and maximum femoral strain along the implant-bone interface recorded. RESULTS Femoral strain was highest with short single-wedge stem design (0.3850) and lowest with standard-length single-wedge design (0.0520). Location of maximum femoral strain varied by stem design, but not with implant insertion, single-leg stance, or twisting with a planted foot. Strain was as high during implant insertion as with single-leg stance or twisting with a planted foot. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the risk of intraoperative and postoperative periprosthetic fracture with THA in a Dorr A femur is highest with short single-wedge stems and lowest with standard-length single-wedge stems. Consideration may be given to minimising the use of short single-wedge stems in THA. Implant-specific sites of highest strain should be carefully inspected for fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Nandi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anoli Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Amin Joukar
- Purdue University School of Mechanical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kevin Becker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Cody Crutchfield
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Vijay Goel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo College of Engineering, Toledo, OH, USA
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Bailey K, Horacek D, Worthington S, Schmitz M. Professors Prioritize Increasing Female Retention in Academic Physics Over Advisee's Interests. Front Sociol 2022; 6:751703. [PMID: 35187154 PMCID: PMC8848917 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.751703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decades of initiatives have striven to fix the so-called "leaking pipeline" problem-persistent high attrition of women from the career/educational path toward STEM professorship. Though these initiatives call on academics to increase female retention along this path, it remains unknown whether academics actually prioritize this goal. To investigate this, we tested whether academics would prioritize female retention at the cost of a competing goal when giving career advice to students at risk of leaving the "pipeline." We present results from a national survey in which United States professors (n = 364) responded to vignettes of three hypothetical undergraduates, rating the extent to which they would encourage or discourage each student from pursuing a PhD in physics. Professors were randomly assigned vignettes with either male or female gender pronouns. Two vignettes featured students who cogently explained why remaining in the physics pipeline would not match their individual goals and interests, while another vignette presented a student with goals and interests that clearly matched pursuing physics graduate school. Professors who received female-gendered vignettes were thus forced to choose between prioritizing striving to increase female retention in physics and acting in the best interest of the individual student. We present evidence that professors seem prepared to encourage women more strongly than men to remain in physics, even when remaining is contrary to the stated goals and interests of the student: Our logistic regression results suggest that professors have higher odds of encouraging women over men, net of vignette and other controls. We also find that male professors have higher odds of encouraging undergraduates and find no evidence that, relative to non-STEM professors, STEM professors have higher odds of encouraging women over men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberlyn Bailey
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Steven Worthington
- Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Melissa Schmitz
- Department of Physics, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY, United States
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Kim SH, Rodriguez LRL, Macias E, Rodriguez-Puebla ML. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 expression alters the number of keratinocyte stem cells in the mouse hair follicle. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:737-746. [PMID: 35032143 PMCID: PMC9035071 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicles regenerate periodically by spontaneously undergoing cycles of growth, regression, and relative quiescence. During the hair cycle, follicle stem cells residing in a specialized niche remain quiescent, and they are stimulated to proliferate throughout the growth phase of the hair follicle. Although cell cycle regulators play a prominent role during the activation of hair follicle stem cells, the identity and the role of these regulators have not been confirmed. Herein, we reported that stem cells located in the bulge region of the HF (BuSCs) express high levels of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) through the quiescent phase of the hair cycle. Using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies, we have determined that the CDK4 protein level affects the number of BuSCs. Transgenic expression of CDK4 in the bulge region of the hair follicles reduces the number of BuSCs, whereas CDK4 ablation resulted in an increasing number of BuSCs. These results suggest that deregulation of CDK4 protein levels contributes to distorting the self‐renewal/proliferation balance and, in turn, altering the number of BuSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hye Kim
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, the Center for Human Health and the Environment, and the Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - Everardo Macias
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marcelo L Rodriguez-Puebla
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, the Center for Human Health and the Environment, and the Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Fowler S, Cutting C, Kennedy J, Leonard SN, Gabriel F, Jaeschke W. Technology enhanced learning environments and the potential for enhancing spatial reasoning: a mixed methods study. Math Ed Res J 2022. [PMCID: PMC7987513 DOI: 10.1007/s13394-021-00368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Spatial reasoning has been shown to be an important, trainable cognitive skillset for developing successful engagement in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), but little empirical work has been conducted in the context of digitally mediated pedagogies. This paper reports on a study into the effectiveness of a technologically enhanced STEM program on the spatial reasoning of a cohort of year 7 students (n = 107). The students undertook five digitally based activities over the period of a week and were assessed on their spatial reasoning development and attitudes towards STEM prior and subsequent to the intervention. Results indicate that the week of learning activities had an impact on attitudes towards STEM and had a positive impact on overall spatial skills. However, no statistically significant improvements were found within the spatial sub-skills or in relation to specific activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fowler
- Education Futures, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Chelsea Cutting
- Education Futures, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - JohnPaul Kennedy
- Education Futures, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Simon N. Leonard
- Education Futures, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Florence Gabriel
- Education Futures, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Wayne Jaeschke
- Trinity College Gawler, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
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45
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Kelly MP, Chan PH, Prentice HA, Paxton EW, Hinman AD, Khatod M. Cause-Specific Stem Revision Risk in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Cemented vs Cementless Femoral Stem Fixation in a US Cohort. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:89-96.e1. [PMID: 34619308 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to evaluate the cause-specific revision risk following hybrid (cemented stem mated to a cementless acetabular implant) vs cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a US cohort. METHODS Primary elective THA for osteoarthritis was identified using Kaiser Permanente's Total Joint Replacement Registry (2001-2018). Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate cause-specific revision, including aseptic loosening, infection, instability, and periprosthetic fracture (PPF), for hybrid vs cementless THA. Analysis was stratified by age (<65, 65-74, and ≥75 years) and gender. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 88,830 THAs, including 4539 (5.1%) hybrid THAs. In stratified analysis, hybrid THA had a higher revision risk for loosening in females in all 3 age subgroups. A lower risk of revision for PPF was observed following hybrid THA in females aged ≥75 years. For females ≥75 years, cementless THA had an excess PPF risk of 0.9% while hybrid THA had an excess loosening risk of 0.2%, translating to a theoretical prevention of 10 PPF revisions but a price of 3 loosening revisions per 1000 hybrid THAs. No difference in revision risk was observed in males. CONCLUSION We observed differences in cause-specific revision risks by method of stem fixation which depended upon patient age and gender. Although the trend toward all cementless fixation continue, there may be a role for hybrid fixation in females ≥75 years to mitigate risk for revision due to PPF at the potential cost of a slight increase in longer term aseptic loosening. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Kelly
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Harbor City, CA
| | - Priscilla H Chan
- Surgical Outcomes and Analysis, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | - Adrian D Hinman
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Permanente Medical Group, San Leandro, CA
| | - Monti Khatod
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, West Los Angeles, CA
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46
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Wright BC, Schadler AD, Swanson HI. Mentorship in Undergraduate Biomedical Education: Identifying Student Opinions and Expectations. J Med Educ Curric Dev 2022; 9:23821205221096101. [PMID: 35558549 PMCID: PMC9087238 DOI: 10.1177/23821205221096101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate undergraduate biomedical education student opinions and expectations on mentorship. METHODS A survey was administered to students enrolled in the undergraduate biology, neuroscience and nursing programs at a large public research-intensive university. The survey queried demographics, previous mentorship experiences, ideal qualities of mentors, benefits/value of mentorship and future plans for seeking mentorship. Survey responses were evaluated using either t-test comparisons or one-way ANOVA. RESULTS The majority of the respondents were female and were interested in pursuing professional schools (nursing and medicine). Survey results indicate high student interest in receiving mentoring, but few were active participants in a mentoring relationship. Respondents indicated either lack of knowledge or discomfort in identifying a mentor. While faculty mentors versus peer mentors were preferred, respondents indicated that mentoring by either faculty or peers would be of value. Survey results indicate that desired benefits of mentoring included guidance in future education and career decisions, networking and career advice. CONCLUSION The major conclusions are that despite high student interest in being mentored, their participation in mentoring is very low. These finding are supportive of the development of structured mentoring programs to facilitate and enhance mentoring of undergraduate STEM students and aid in their academic career progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C. Wright
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Hollie I. Swanson
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY, USA
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Wagner M, Schönthaler H, Endstrasser F, Dammerer D, Nardelli P, Brunner A. Mid-Term Results After 517 Primary Total Hip Arthroplasties With a Shortened and Shoulderless Double-Taper Press-Fit Stem: High Rates of Aseptic Loosening. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:97-102. [PMID: 34625308 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shorter double-taper stems with reduced lateral shoulders facilitate implantation via the muscle-sparing direct anterior approach and are becoming increasingly popular. We observed an unusually high number of cases of aseptic loosening with the use of a modified stem. Therefore, the aim of this prospective single-center study was to assess safety and efficacy of this cementless stem. METHODS A total of 486 consecutive patients receiving 517 primary total hip arthroplasties using the MonoconMIS stem were prospectively followed up for a mean period of 5.29 years (standard deviation [SD], 1.47). Surgical and clinical data, complications, and revision surgeries were analyzed. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score was recorded before surgery and at one year and five years after surgery. RESULTS The overall 5-year implant survival rate was 95.2%. The individual component survival rates were 96.1% for the stem, 99.4% for the acetabular cup, and 99.0% for the isolated mobile component exchange. The most common reasons for revision were periprosthetic fracture (1.5%), aseptic stem loosening (1.4%), and infection (1.0%). The WOMAC score improved significantly from 49.57 (SD, 21.42) at baseline to 13.33 (SD, 16.47) at one year and 9.84 (SD, 14.45) at five years after surgery. Aseptic stem loosening occurred only in patients with Dorr type A proximal femur morphology. CONCLUSION The evaluated femoral stem is associated with revision rates higher than what has been reported for other implants. The WOMAC scores suggest adequate efficacy. Our data do not support the use of the MonoconMIS for primary total hip arthroplasty in patients with Dorr type A proximal femur morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Wagner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezirkskrankenhaus, St. Johann, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Hannes Schönthaler
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezirkskrankenhaus, St. Johann, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Franz Endstrasser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezirkskrankenhaus, St. Johann, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Dietmar Dammerer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Alexander Brunner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezirkskrankenhaus, St. Johann, Tyrol, Austria
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Zang Y, Xu C, Xuan L, Ding L, Zhu J, Si Z, Zhang T, Hu Y. Identification and characteristics of a novel gland-forming gene in cotton. Plant J 2021; 108:781-792. [PMID: 34492144 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) pigment gland is a distinctive structure that functions as the main deposit organ of gossypol and its derivatives. It is also an ideal system in which to study cell differentiation and organogenesis. However, only a few genes that determine the process of gland formation have been reported, including GoPGF, CGP1, and CGFs; the molecular mechanisms underlying gland initiation are still largely unclear. Here, we report the discovery of the novel stem pigment gland-forming gene GoSPGF by map-based cloning; annotated as a GRAS transcription factor, this gene is responsible for the glandless trait specifically on the stem. In the stem glandless mutant T582, a point mutation (C to A) was found to create a premature stop codon and truncate the protein. Similarly, virus-induced gene silencing of GoSPGF resulted in glandless stems and dramatically reduced gossypol content. Comparative transcriptomic data showed that loss of GoSPGF significantly suppressed expression of many genes involved in gossypol biosynthesis and altered expression of genes involved in gibberellic acid signaling/biosynthesis. Overall, these findings provide more insight into the networks regulating glandular structure differentiation and formation in cotton, which will be helpful for understanding other plants bearing special gland structures such as tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), artemisia annua, mint (Mentha spp.), and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Lisha Xuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Lingyun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - JianKun Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Zhanfeng Si
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310029, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310029, China
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Drabińska N, Jeż M, Nogueira M. Variation in the Accumulation of Phytochemicals and Their Bioactive Properties among the Aerial Parts of Cauliflower. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1597. [PMID: 34679732 PMCID: PMC8533432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables from the Brassicaceae family are excellent sources of bioactive phytochemicals and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Variation of phytochemicals in the edible part of cauliflower is known. However, information about the distribution of bioactive and nutritive compounds as well as antioxidant activity among aerial organs of cauliflower is unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the distribution of glucosinolates (GLS), phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophylls, nutritive compounds and antioxidant capacity between the aerial parts of the common variety of cauliflower and to evaluate whether these changes contribute to the differences in the antioxidant capacity between the plant organs. Our study showed that all the aerial organs of cauliflower are a rich source of health-promoting bioactive compounds, including GLS, phenolics and flavonoids, exhibiting antioxidant capacity. The highest contents of phytochemicals and the highest antioxidant capacity were found in leaves. Cauliflower organs were also found to be rich in nutritive compounds, including minerals, proteins and amino acids. Our study showed that the non-edible organs, such as stems and leaves, being neglected parts of cauliflower, if not consumed as the main ingredient, can be used as additives for developing new, functional foodstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Food Volatilomics and Sensomics Group, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maja Jeż
- Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mariana Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169005 Porto, Portugal
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Bryant C, Fuenzalida TI, Brothers N, Mencuccini M, Sack L, Binks O, Ball MC. Shifting access to pools of shoot water sustains gas exchange and increases stem hydraulic safety during seasonal atmospheric drought. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:2898-2911. [PMID: 33974303 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how plants acclimate to drought is crucial for predicting future vulnerability, yet seasonal acclimation of traits that improve drought tolerance in trees remains poorly resolved. We hypothesized that dry season acclimation of leaf and stem traits influencing shoot water storage and hydraulic capacitance would mitigate the drought-associated risks of reduced gas exchange and hydraulic failure in the mangrove Sonneratia alba. By late dry season, availability of stored water had shifted within leaves and between leaves and stems. While whole shoot capacitance remained stable, the symplastic fraction of leaf water increased 86%, leaf capacitance increased 104% and stem capacitance declined 80%. Despite declining plant water potentials, leaf and whole plant hydraulic conductance remained unchanged, and midday assimilation rates increased. Further, the available leaf water between the minimum water potential observed and that corresponding to 50% loss of stem conductance increased 111%. Shifting availability of pools of water, within and between organs, maintained leaf water available to buffer periods of increased photosynthesis and losses in stem hydraulic conductivity, mitigating risks of carbon depletion and hydraulic failure during atmospheric drought. Seasonal changes in access to tissue and organ water may have an important role in drought acclimation and avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Bryant
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Tomas I Fuenzalida
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Nigel Brothers
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
- Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Oliver Binks
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
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