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Miller C, Nardelli P, Hell T, Glodny B, Putzer G, Paal P. Sex differences in appropriate insertion depth for intraosseous access in adults: An exploratory radiologic single-center study. J Vasc Access 2024; 25:461-466. [PMID: 35922960 PMCID: PMC10938485 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221115412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraosseous access is a recommended alternative to venous access in emergencies. For its application, knowledge of the correct insertion depth is indispensable. We aimed to determine sex-specific differences on the appropriate insertion depth for intraosseous access in adults at the insertion sites most frequently used, namely the proximal and distal tibia and the proximal humerus. METHODS In this exploratory retrospective study, we measured thickness of soft tissue cover, cortex and cancellous bone along the puncture line on magnetic resonance images or computed tomography scans. Inclusion criteria were both sexes, 18-90 years of age and appropriate image quality. Primary outcome was the appropriate insertion depth to reach the cancellous bone for each sex. This was defined as the corridor between (i) the sum of the soft tissue cover and the cortex and (ii) the sum of (i) plus the diameter of the cancellous bone. Secondary outcomes were the differences in thickness of each layer between sexes. RESULTS In 179 females and males, the appropriate insertion depth was 32.5-45.5 mm and 20.5-42.0 mm in the proximal tibia, 14.5-30.5 mm and 16.5-34.5 mm in the distal tibia, and 27.5-52.5 mm and 26.0-56.5 mm in the proximal humerus. Although females had a thicker soft tissue cover (+6.8 mm [95% CI 3.7-10.1], p < 0.01) in the proximal tibia, extrapolation by correlation analysis showed no clinically relevant difference between the sexes. CONCLUSION In adults, there are no sex-specific differences in the appropriate insertion depth for intraosseous access in the proximal or distal tibia or in the proximal humerus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Hell
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Glodny
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Putzer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Paal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. John of God Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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2
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Housley SN, Gardolinski EA, Nardelli P, Reed J, Rich MM, Cope TC. Mechanosensory encoding in ex vivo muscle-nerve preparations. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:35-44. [PMID: 37119460 PMCID: PMC10613129 DOI: 10.1113/ep090763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate an ex vivo muscle-nerve preparation used to study mechanosensory signalling by low threshold mechanosensory receptors (LTMRs). Specifically, we aimed to assess how well the ex vivo preparation represents in vivo firing behaviours of the three major LTMR subtypes of muscle primary sensory afferents, namely type Ia and II muscle spindle (MS) afferents and type Ib tendon organ afferents. Using published procedures for ex vivo study of LTMRs in mouse hindlimb muscles, we replicated earlier reports on afferent firing in response to conventional stretch paradigms applied to non-contracting, that is passive, muscle. Relative to in vivo studies, stretch-evoked firing for confirmed MS afferents in the ex vivo preparation was markedly reduced in firing rate and deficient in encoding dynamic features of muscle stretch. These deficiencies precluded conventional means of discriminating type Ia and II afferents. Muscle afferents, including confirmed Ib afferents were often indistinguishable based on their similar firing responses to the same physiologically relevant stretch paradigms. These observations raise uncertainty about conclusions drawn from earlier ex vivo studies that either attribute findings to specific afferent types or suggest an absence of treatment effects on dynamic firing. However, we found that replacing the recording solution with bicarbonate buffer resulted in afferent firing rates and profiles more like those seen in vivo. Improving representation of the distinctive sensory encoding properties in ex vivo muscle-nerve preparations will promote accuracy in assigning molecular markers and mechanisms to heterogeneous types of muscle mechanosensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N. Housley
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA
| | | | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA
| | - J'Ana Reed
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Mark M. Rich
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and PhysiologyWright State UniversityDaytonOHUSA
| | - Timothy C. Cope
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA
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3
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Abbott EM, Stephens JD, Simha SN, Wood L, Nardelli P, Cope TC, Sawicki GS, Ting LH. Attenuation of muscle spindle firing with artificially increased series compliance during stretch of relaxed muscle. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:148-158. [PMID: 37856330 PMCID: PMC10841431 DOI: 10.1113/ep090872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Muscle spindles relay vital mechanosensory information for movement and posture, but muscle spindle feedback is coupled to skeletal motion by a compliant tendon. Little is known about the effects of tendon compliance on muscle spindle feedback during movement, and the complex firing of muscle spindles makes these effects difficult to predict. Our goal was to investigate changes in muscle spindle firing using added series elastic elements (SEEs) to mimic a more compliant tendon, and to characterize the accompanying changes in firing with respect to muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and muscle fascicle displacements (recorded via sonomicrometry). Sinusoidal, ramp-and-hold and triangular stretches were analysed to examine potential changes in muscle spindle instantaneous firing rates (IFRs) in locomotor- and perturbation-like stretches as well as serial history dependence. Added SEEs effectively reduced overall MTU stiffness and generally reduced muscle spindle firing rates, but the effect differed across stretch types. During sinusoidal stretches, peak and mean firing rates were not reduced and IFR was best-correlated with fascicle velocity. During ramp stretches, SEEs reduced the initial burst, dynamic and static responses of the spindle. Notably, IFR was negatively related to fascicle displacement during the hold phase. During triangular stretches, SEEs reduced the mean IFR during the first and second stretches, affecting the serial history dependence of mean IFR. Overall, these results demonstrate that tendon compliance may attenuate muscle spindle feedback during movement, but these changes cannot be fully explained by reduced muscle fascicle length or velocity, or MTU force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Abbott
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jacob D. Stephens
- Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Surabhi N. Simha
- Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Leo Wood
- School of PhysicsGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Timothy C. Cope
- Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Gregory S. Sawicki
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Lena H. Ting
- Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Housley SN, Powers RK, Nardelli P, Lee S, Blum K, Bewick GS, Banks RW, Cope TC. Biophysical model of muscle spindle encoding. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:55-65. [PMID: 36966478 PMCID: PMC10988694 DOI: 10.1113/ep091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Muscle spindles encode mechanosensory information by mechanisms that remain only partially understood. Their complexity is expressed in mounting evidence of various molecular mechanisms that play essential roles in muscle mechanics, mechanotransduction and intrinsic modulation of muscle spindle firing behaviour. Biophysical modelling provides a tractable approach to achieve more comprehensive mechanistic understanding of such complex systems that would be difficult/impossible by more traditional, reductionist means. Our objective here was to construct the first integrative biophysical model of muscle spindle firing. We leveraged current knowledge of muscle spindle neuroanatomy and in vivo electrophysiology to develop and validate a biophysical model that reproduces key in vivo muscle spindle encoding characteristics. Crucially, to our knowledge, this is the first computational model of mammalian muscle spindle that integrates the asymmetric distribution of known voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs) with neuronal architecture to generate realistic firing profiles, both of which seem likely to be of great biophysical importance. Results predict that particular features of neuronal architecture regulate specific characteristics of Ia encoding. Computational simulations also predict that the asymmetric distribution and ratios of VGCs is a complementary and, in some instances, orthogonal means to regulate Ia encoding. These results generate testable hypotheses and highlight the integral role of peripheral neuronal structure and ion channel composition and distribution in somatosensory signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randal K. Powers
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA
| | - Sebinne Lee
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA
| | - Kyle Blum
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Guy S. Bewick
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Timothy C. Cope
- School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA
- W. H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA
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Nardelli P, Giesinger J, Liebensteiner M, Pagenstert G, Neururer S, Leitner H, Dammerer D, van Rooij F, Saffarini M. Moonlight surgery: no influence of moon phase or Friday 13th on outcomes of total knee arthroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:6169-6175. [PMID: 37306775 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-04919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to investigate associations between revision-free survival and functional scores of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and moon phase on the day of surgery, as well as operations performed on a Friday 13th. PARTICIPANTS The data of all patients that received TKA between 2003 and 2019 were extracted from the Tyrol arthroplasty registry. Patients that had undergone previous total or partial knee arthroplasty as well as patients that had missing pre- or post-operative WOMAC were excluded. Patients were allocated to one of the following four groups according to moon phase on the day of surgery: new, waxing, full and waning. Patients operated on a Friday 13th were also identified and compared to patients operated on any other days/dates. A total of 5923 patients met the inclusion criteria, with mean age of 69 ± 9 years, and comprising 62% women. RESULTS There were no significant differences in revision-free survival among the four moon phase groups (p = 0.479), and no significant differences in preoperative and postoperative total WOMAC (p = 0.260, p = 0.122), There were no significant differences in revision-free survival patients operated on Friday 13th vs. other days/dates (p = 0.440). The preoperative total WOMAC was significantly worse for patients operated on a Friday 13th (p = 0.013), which was observed in the pain (p = 0.032) and function (p = 0.010) subscales. There were no significant differences in postoperative total WOMAC at 1 year follow-up (p = 0.122). CONCLUSIONS Neither moon phase on the day of surgery nor Friday 13th were associated with revision-free survival or clinical scores of TKA. Patients operated on a Friday 13th had significantly worse preoperative total WOMAC but similar postoperative total WOMAC at 1-year follow-up. These findings could help reassure patients that TKA renders consistent outcomes regardless of the preoperative pain or function, and in spite of bad omens or moon phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nardelli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Giesinger
- University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Geert Pagenstert
- Clarahof Clinic of Orthopaedic Surgery, Merian-Iselin-Hospital Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Neururer
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Leitner
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Dammerer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Floris van Rooij
- ReSurg SA, Rue Saint-Jean 22, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
- Clinique Trenel, Sainte Colombe, France
| | - Mo Saffarini
- ReSurg SA, Rue Saint-Jean 22, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland.
- Clinique Trenel, Sainte Colombe, France.
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Nardelli P, Neururer S, Gruber K, Wippel D, Kogler N, Ender S, Leitner H, Koller B, Fischer M, Dammerer D, Liebensteiner M. Total knee arthroplasty without patella resurfacing leads to worse results in patients with patellafemoral osteoarthritis Iwano Stages 3-4: a study based on arthroplasty registry data. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:3941-3946. [PMID: 37014418 PMCID: PMC10435648 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the preoperative degree of degeneration of the patellofemoral joint really affects the outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery without patella resurfacing and thus to establish a parameter that might serve as a guiding factor to decide whether or not to perform retropatellar resurfacing. It was hypothesized that patients with preoperative mild patellofemoral osteoarthritis (Iwano Stages 0-2) would significantly differ from patients with preoperative severe patellofemoral osteoarthritis (Iwano Stages 3-4) in terms of patient-reported outcome (Hypothesis 1) and revision rates/survival (Hypothesis 2) after TKA without patella resurfacing. METHODS Application of a retrospective-comparative design on the basis of Arthroplasty Registry data that included patients with primary TKA without patella resurfacing. Patients were allocated to the following groups based on preoperative radiographic stage of patellofemoral joint degeneration: (a) mild patellofemoral osteoarthritis (Iwano Stage ≤ 2) and (b) severe patellofemoral osteoarthritis (Iwano Stages 3-4). The Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score was assessed preoperative and 1 year postoperative (0: best, 100 worst). In addition, implant survival was calculated from the Arthroplasty Registry data. RESULTS In 1209 primary TKA without patella resurfacing, postoperative WOMAC total and WOMAC subscores did not differ significantly between groups, but potentially suffered from type 2 error. Three-year survival was 97.4% and 92.5% in patients with preoperative mild and severe patellofemoral osteoarthritis, respectively (p = 0.002). Five-year survival was 95.8% vs. 91.4% (p = 0.033) and 10-year survival was 93.3% vs. 88.6% (p = 0.033), respectively. CONCLUSIONS From the study findings, it is concluded that patients with preoperative severe patellofemoral osteoarthritis have significantly higher risks for reoperation than do those with preoperative mild patellofemoral osteoarthritis-when treated with TKA without patella resurfacing. Hence, it is recommended that patella resurfacing be applied in patients with severe Iwano Stage 3 or 4 patellofemoral osteoarthritis during TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, Retrospective comparative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nardelli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Sabrina Neururer
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated Care, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kerstin Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Wippel
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadine Kogler
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Ender
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Leitner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated Care, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benedikt Koller
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vinzenz Hospital, Zams, Austria
| | - Martin Fischer
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vinzenz Hospital, Zams, Austria
| | - Dietmar Dammerer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Krems University Hospital, Krems, Austria
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7
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Wagner M, Liebensteiner M, Dammerer D, Neugebauer J, Nardelli P, Brunner A. Incidence of alpine skiing and snowboarding injuries. Injury 2023:110830. [PMID: 37246115 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of injuries on alpine ski slopes have been assessed using various methods. A decline in injury rate has been observed throughout the literature; however, the actual incidence remains unclear. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the incidence of skiing and snowboarding injuries using large-sample data from an entire geographic state. METHODS Data on alpine injuries over the course of five winter seasons between 2017 and 2022 were prospectively collected from the emergency service dispatch center of Tyrol (Austria). The incidence of injuries was assessed in relation to the number of skier days, which was obtained from the chamber of commerce. RESULTS A total of 43,283 cases were identified, and a total of 98.1 Mio skier days were registered during the inclusion period of our study, resulting in an overall incidence of 0.44 injuries per 1,000 skier days. This is significantly less than reported from previous studies. From 2017/18 to 2021/22 there was a slight increase in injuries per 1000 skier days with an exception only for the COVID-19 related season 2020/21. CONCLUSION Our study showed a significant reduction in the incidence of alpine skiing and snowboarding injuries in comparison with previous studies and should be considered a benchmark for future studies. Long-term studies on the efficacy of safety gear, as well as the influence of ski patrol and air-borne rescues on patient outcome are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Wagner
- Abteilung Orthopädie und Traumatologie BKH St. Johann in Tirol, Bahnhofstrasse 14, 6380, St. Johann in Tirol, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | | | - Dietmar Dammerer
- Krems Donauuniversität Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Krems Donauuniversität Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Traumatologie Innsbruck, Anichstraße 42, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Brunner
- Abteilung Orthopädie und Traumatologie BKH St. Johann in Tirol, Bahnhofstrasse 14, 6380, St. Johann in Tirol, Austria
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8
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Abbott EM, Stephens JD, Simha SN, Wood L, Nardelli P, Cope TC, Sawicki GS, Ting LH. Attenuation of muscle spindle firing with artificially increased series compliance during stretch of relaxed muscle. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.08.539853. [PMID: 37215007 PMCID: PMC10197546 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.539853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Muscle spindles relay vital mechanosensory information for movement and posture, but muscle spindle feedback is coupled to skeletal motion by a compliant tendon. Little is known about the effects of tendon compliance on muscle spindle feedback during movement, and the complex firing of muscle spindles make these effects difficult to predict. Our goal was to investigate changes in muscle spindle firing using added series elastic elements (SEEs) to mimic a more compliant tendon, and to characterize the accompanying changes in firing with respect to muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and muscle fascicle displacements (recorded via sonomicrometry). Sinusoidal, ramp-hold-release, and triangular stretches were analyzed to examine potential changes in muscle spindle instantaneous firing rates (IFRs) in locomotor- and perturbation-like stretches as well as history dependence. Added SEEs effectively reduced overall MTU stiffness and generally reduced muscle spindle firing rates, but the effect differed across stretch types. During sinusoidal stretches, peak firing rates were reduced and IFR was strongly correlated with fascicle velocity. During ramp stretches, SEEs reduced the dynamic and static responses of the spindle during lengthening but had no effect on initial bursts at the onset of stretch. Notably, IFR was negatively related to fascicle displacement during the hold phase. During triangular stretches, SEEs reduced the mean IFR during the first and second stretches, affecting the history dependence of mean IFR. Overall, these results demonstrate that tendon compliance may attenuate muscle spindle feedback during movement, but these changes cannot be fully explained by reduced muscle fascicle length and velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob D Stephens
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Surabhi N Simha
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Leo Wood
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Gregory S Sawicki
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Lena H Ting
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University
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Rotterman TM, García VV, Housley SN, Nardelli P, Sierra R, Fix CE, Cope TC. Structural preservation does not ensure function at sensory Ia - motoneuron synapses following peripheral nerve injury and repair. J Neurosci 2023:JNEUROSCI.0103-23.2023. [PMID: 37127364 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0103-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury that severs peripheral nerves often results in long-lasting motor behavioral deficits and in reorganization of related spinal motor circuitry, neither of which reverse even after nerve regeneration. Stretch areflexia and gait ataxia, for example, emerges from a combination of factors including degeneration of Ia - motoneuron synapses between peripherally damaged Ia muscle spindle afferents and motoneurons. Based on evidence that nerve injury acts through immune responses to induce synapse degeneration, we hypothesized that suppressing inflammatory responses would preserve Ia - motoneuron connectivity and aid in restoring normal function. We tested our hypothesis by administering the anti-inflammatory agent minocycline in male and female rats following axotomy of a peripheral nerve. The connectivity of Ia - motoneuron synapses was then assessed both structurally and functionally at different time points. We found that minocycline treatment overcame the physical loss of Ia contacts on motoneurons which are otherwise lost after axotomy. While necessary for functional recovery, synaptic preservation was not sufficient to overcome functional decline expressed as smaller than normal stretch-evoked synaptic potentials (SSP) evoked monosynaptically at Ia - motoneuron connections and an absence of the stretch reflex. These findings demonstrate a limited capacity of minocycline to rescue normal sensorimotor behavior, illustrating that structural preservation of synaptic connectivity does not ensure normal synaptic function.Significance Statement:Here we demonstrate that acute treatment with the semisynthetic tetracycline anti-inflammatory agent minocycline permanently prevents the comprehensive loss of synaptic contacts made between sensory neurons and spinal motoneurons following peripheral nerve injury and eventual regeneration. Treatment failed, however, to rescue normal function of those synapses or the reflex circuit they mediate. These findings demonstrate that preventing synaptic disconnection alone is not sufficient to restore neural circuit operation and associated sensorimotor behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M Rotterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - Violet V García
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Stephen N Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - Rommy Sierra
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Caitlin E Fix
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Timothy C Cope
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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10
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Pieri M, Ortalda A, Altizio S, Ajello S, Bertoglio L, Nardelli P, Fominskiy E, Lapenna E, Scandroglio A. Impella 5.0/5.5 Support in AMI CS Patients: How to Increase Myocardial Recovery Chances. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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11
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Housley SN, Nardelli P, Rotterman TM, Reed J, Cope TC. Mechanosensory encoding dysfunction emerges from cancer-chemotherapy interaction. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1017427. [PMID: 36504708 PMCID: PMC9729348 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1017427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent sensory, motor and cognitive disabilities comprise chemotherapy-induced neural disorders (CIND) that limit quality of life with little therapeutic relief for cancer survivors. Our recent preclinical study provides new insight into a condition impacting the severity of chronic CIND. We find that sensorimotor disability observed following cancer treatment exceeds that attributable to chemotherapy alone. A possible explanation for intensified disability emerged from evidence that codependent effects of cancer and chemotherapy amplify defective firing in primary sensory neurons supplying one type of low threshold mechanosensory receptor (LTMR). Here we test whether cancer's modification of chemotherapy-induced sensory defects generalizes across eight LTMR submodalities that collectively generate the signals of origin for proprioceptive and tactile perception and guidance of body movement. Preclinical study enabled controlled comparison of the independent contributions of chemotherapy and cancer to their clinically relevant combined effects. We compared data sampled from rats that were otherwise healthy or bearing colon cancer and treated, or not, with human-scaled, standard-of-care chemotherapy with oxaliplatin. Action potential firing patterns encoding naturalistic mechanical perturbations of skeletal muscle and skin were measured electrophysiologically in vivo from multiple types of LTMR neurons. All expressed aberrant encoding of dynamic and/or static features of mechanical stimuli in healthy rats treated with chemotherapy, and surprisingly also by some LTMRs in cancer-bearing rats that were not treated. By comparison, chemotherapy and cancer in combination worsened encoding aberrations, especially in slowly adapting LTMRs supplying both muscle and glabrous skin. Probabilistic modeling best predicted observed encoding defects when incorporating interaction effects of cancer and chemotherapy. We conclude that for multiple mechanosensory submodalities, the severity of encoding defects is modulated by a codependence of chemotherapy side effects and cancer's systemic processes. We propose that the severity of CIND might be reduced by therapeutically targeting the mechanisms, yet to be determined, by which cancer magnifies chemotherapy's neural side effects as an alternative to reducing chemotherapy and its life-saving benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N. Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States,Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Stephen N. Housley, ; Timothy C. Cope,
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Travis M. Rotterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - J’Ana Reed
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Timothy C. Cope
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States,Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States,W. H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Stephen N. Housley, ; Timothy C. Cope,
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12
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Wagner M, Neururer S, Dammerer D, Nardelli P, Kaufmann G, Braito M, Brunner A. External validation of the Tyrolean hip arthroplasty registry. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:87. [PMID: 36042064 PMCID: PMC9428074 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Arthroplasty registries gained increasing importance to the re-certification of orthopaedic implants according to the European Union (EU) Medical Device Regulation (MDR) adopted in 2017. Until recently, several European countries only had regional arthroplasty registries. Whether regional registries deliver data quality comparable with national registries remained unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate the Austrian Tyrolean Hip Arthroplasty Registry (THAR) and to evaluate if this regional registry showed adequate adherence, completeness and correctness when compared with well-established national registries. Methods A consecutive series of 1100 primary total hip arthroplasties were identified from our institution’s medical database. Patients were interviewed by phone and completed questionnaires after a mean follow-up period of 8.05 years and were asked if they had had revision surgeries. The data were compared to the corresponding dataset from the THAR. Results Adherence was 97.91% for primary total hip arthroplasty. Clinical follow-up identified 10 missing cases, resulting in adherence of 81.48% for revisions. Completeness of patient-reported outcome measurements was 78.55% before surgery and 84.45% 1 year after surgery. Correctness was 99.7% for demographic data, 99.54% for implant specifications, and 99.35% for mode of fixation. Conclusion The data of this study showed that regional arthroplasty registries can deliver data quality comparable with well-established national registries. The main reason for unrecorded revision cases and wrongly recoded implants was human error. Further digitalization with more automatic data submission may have the potential to reduce these failure rates in the future. Overall, the THAR represents a valid data source for re-certification of medical implants according to the EU’s MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Wagner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, District Hospital St. Johann, Bahnhofstraße 14, 6380, St. Johann, Austria. .,PMU, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Sabrina Neururer
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, Tirol Kliniken, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Dammerer
- Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Matthias Braito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, District Hospital St. Johann, Bahnhofstraße 14, 6380, St. Johann, Austria
| | - Alexander Brunner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, District Hospital St. Johann, Bahnhofstraße 14, 6380, St. Johann, Austria
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Rich MM, Housley SN, Nardelli P, Powers RK, Cope TC. Imbalanced Subthreshold Currents Following Sepsis and Chemotherapy: A Shared Mechanism Offering a New Therapeutic Target? Neuroscientist 2022; 28:103-120. [PMID: 33345706 PMCID: PMC8215085 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420981866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Both sepsis and treatment of cancer with chemotherapy are known to cause neurologic dysfunction. The primary defects seen in both groups of patients are neuropathy and encephalopathy; the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Analysis of preclinical models of these disparate conditions reveal similar defects in ion channel function contributing to peripheral neuropathy. The defects in ion channel function extend to the central nervous system where lower motoneurons are affected. In motoneurons the defect involves ion channels responsible for subthreshold currents that convert steady depolarization into repetitive firing. The inability to correctly translate depolarization into steady, repetitive firing has profound effects on motor function, and could be an important contributor to weakness and fatigue experienced by both groups of patients. The possibility that disruption of function, either instead of, or in addition to neurodegeneration, may underlie weakness and fatigue leads to a novel approach to therapy. Activation of serotonin (5HT) receptors in a rat model of sepsis restores the normal balance of subthreshold currents and normal motoneuron firing. If an imbalance of subthreshold currents also occurs in other central nervous system neurons, it could contribute to encephalopathy. We hypothesize that pharmacologically restoring the proper balance of subthreshold currents might provide effective therapy for both neuropathy and encephalopathy in patients recovering from sepsis or treatment with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Rich
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Stephen N. Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA,Integrated Cancer Research Center, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Randall K. Powers
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy C. Cope
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA,Integrated Cancer Research Center, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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Wagner M, Schönthaler H, Endstrasser F, Dammerer D, Nardelli P, Brunner A. Mid-Term Results After 517 Primary Total Hip Arthroplasties With a Shortened and Shoulderless Double-Taper Press-Fit Stem: High Rates of Aseptic Loosening. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:97-102. [PMID: 34625308 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shorter double-taper stems with reduced lateral shoulders facilitate implantation via the muscle-sparing direct anterior approach and are becoming increasingly popular. We observed an unusually high number of cases of aseptic loosening with the use of a modified stem. Therefore, the aim of this prospective single-center study was to assess safety and efficacy of this cementless stem. METHODS A total of 486 consecutive patients receiving 517 primary total hip arthroplasties using the MonoconMIS stem were prospectively followed up for a mean period of 5.29 years (standard deviation [SD], 1.47). Surgical and clinical data, complications, and revision surgeries were analyzed. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score was recorded before surgery and at one year and five years after surgery. RESULTS The overall 5-year implant survival rate was 95.2%. The individual component survival rates were 96.1% for the stem, 99.4% for the acetabular cup, and 99.0% for the isolated mobile component exchange. The most common reasons for revision were periprosthetic fracture (1.5%), aseptic stem loosening (1.4%), and infection (1.0%). The WOMAC score improved significantly from 49.57 (SD, 21.42) at baseline to 13.33 (SD, 16.47) at one year and 9.84 (SD, 14.45) at five years after surgery. Aseptic stem loosening occurred only in patients with Dorr type A proximal femur morphology. CONCLUSION The evaluated femoral stem is associated with revision rates higher than what has been reported for other implants. The WOMAC scores suggest adequate efficacy. Our data do not support the use of the MonoconMIS for primary total hip arthroplasty in patients with Dorr type A proximal femur morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Wagner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezirkskrankenhaus, St. Johann, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Hannes Schönthaler
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezirkskrankenhaus, St. Johann, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Franz Endstrasser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezirkskrankenhaus, St. Johann, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Dietmar Dammerer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Alexander Brunner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezirkskrankenhaus, St. Johann, Tyrol, Austria
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15
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Abstract
Cancer survivors rank sensorimotor disability among the most distressing, long-term consequences of chemotherapy. Disorders in gait, balance, and skilled movements are commonly assigned to chemotoxic damage of peripheral sensory neurons without consideration of the deterministic role played by the neural circuits that translate sensory information into movement. This oversight precludes sufficient, mechanistic understanding and contributes to the absence of effective treatment for reversing chemotherapy-induced disability. We rectified this omission through the use of a combination of electrophysiology, behavior, and modeling to study the operation of a spinal sensorimotor circuit in vivo in a rat model of chronic, oxaliplatin (chemotherapy)-induced neuropathy (cOIN). Key sequential events were studied in the encoding of propriosensory information and its circuit translation into the synaptic potentials produced in motoneurons. In cOIN rats, multiple classes of propriosensory neurons expressed defective firing that reduced accurate sensory representation of muscle mechanical responses to stretch. Accuracy degraded further in the translation of propriosensory signals into synaptic potentials as a result of defective mechanisms residing inside the spinal cord. These sequential, peripheral, and central defects compounded to drive the sensorimotor circuit into a functional collapse that was consequential in predicting the significant errors in propriosensory-guided movement behaviors demonstrated here in our rat model and reported for people with cOIN. We conclude that sensorimotor disability induced by cancer treatment emerges from the joint expression of independent defects occurring in both peripheral and central elements of sensorimotor circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332;
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Travis M Rotterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Timothy C Cope
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332;
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30309
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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16
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Rotterman TM, Carrasco DI, Housley SN, Nardelli P, Powers RK, Cope TC. Axon initial segment geometry in relation to motoneuron excitability. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259918. [PMID: 34797870 PMCID: PMC8604372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) responsible for action potential initiation is a dynamic structure that varies and changes together with neuronal excitability. Like other neuron types, alpha motoneurons in the mammalian spinal cord express heterogeneity and plasticity in AIS geometry, including length (AISl) and distance from soma (AISd). The present study aimed to establish the relationship of AIS geometry with a measure of intrinsic excitability, rheobase current, that varies by 20-fold or more among normal motoneurons. We began by determining whether AIS length or distance differed for motoneurons in motor pools that exhibit different activity profiles. Motoneurons sampled from the medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor pool exhibited values for average AISd that were significantly greater than that for motoneurons from the soleus (SOL) motor pool, which is more readily recruited in low-level activities. Next, we tested whether AISd covaried with intrinsic excitability of individual motoneurons. In anesthetized rats, we measured rheobase current intracellularly from MG motoneurons in vivo before labeling them for immunohistochemical study of AIS structure. For 16 motoneurons sampled from the MG motor pool, this combinatory approach revealed that AISd, but not AISl, was significantly related to rheobase, as AIS tended to be located further from the soma on motoneurons that were less excitable. Although a causal relation with excitability seems unlikely, AISd falls among a constellation of properties related to the recruitability of motor units and their parent motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M. Rotterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TMR); (TCC)
| | - Darío I. Carrasco
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Stephen N. Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Randall K. Powers
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Timothy C. Cope
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TMR); (TCC)
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17
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Maas H, Noort W, Smilde HA, Vincent JA, Nardelli P, Cope TC. Detection of epimuscular myofascial forces by Golgi tendon organs. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:147-158. [PMID: 34677632 PMCID: PMC8803698 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles embed multiple tendon organs, both at the proximal and distal ends of muscle fibers. One of the functions of such spatial distribution may be to provide locally unique force feedback, which may become more important when stresses are distributed non-uniformly within the muscle. Forces exerted by connections between adjacent muscles (i.e. epimuscular myofascial forces) may cause such local differences in force. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the effects of mechanical interactions between adjacent muscles on sensory encoding by tendon organs. Action potentials from single afferents were recorded intra-axonally in response to ramp-hold release (RHR) stretches of a passive agonistic muscle at different lengths or relative positions of its passive synergist. The tendons of gastrocnemius (GAS), plantaris (PL) and soleus (SO) muscles were cut from the skeleton for attachment to servomotors. Connective tissues among these muscles were kept intact. Lengthening GAS + PL decreased the force threshold of SO tendon organs (p = 0.035). The force threshold of lateral gastrocnemius (LG) tendon organs was not affected by SO length (p = 0.371). Also displacing LG + PL, kept at a constant muscle-tendon unit length, from a proximal to a more distal position resulted in a decrease in force threshold of LG tendon organs (p = 0.007). These results indicate that tendon organ firing is affected by changes in length and/or relative position of adjacent synergistic muscles. We conclude that tendon organs can provide the central nervous system with information about local stresses caused by epimuscular myofascial forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wendy Noort
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hiltsje A Smilde
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Jacob A Vincent
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
- School of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
- School of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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18
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Housley SN, Rotterman TM, Nardelli P, Carrasco DI, Noel RK, O'Farrell L, Cope TC. Effects of route of administration on neural exposure to platinum-based chemotherapy treatment: a pharmacokinetic study in rat. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:162-165. [PMID: 34363843 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The persisting need for effective clinical treatment of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity (CIN) motivates critical evaluation of preclinical models of CIN for their translational relevance. The present study aimed to provide the first quantitative evaluation of neural tissue exposed in vivo to a platinum-based anticancer compound, oxaliplatin (OX) during and after two commonly used dosing regimens: slow IV infusion used clinically and bolus IP injection used preclinically. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of dorsal root ganglia indicated that while differences in the temporal dynamics of platinum distribution exist, key drivers of neurotoxicity, e.g. peak concentrations and exposure, were not different across the two routes of administration. We conclude that the IP route of OX administration achieves clinically relevant pharmacokinetic exposure of neural tissues in a rodent model of CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia; Integrated Cancer Research Center, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA.
| | - Travis M Rotterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia
| | - Dario I Carrasco
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia
| | - Richard K Noel
- Physiological Research Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura O'Farrell
- Physiological Research Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy C Cope
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia; Integrated Cancer Research Center, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA; W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia.
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Pistenmaa CL, Nardelli P, Ash SY, Come CE, Diaz AA, Rahaghi FN, Barr RG, Young KA, Kinney GL, Simmons JP, Wade RC, Wells JM, Hokanson JE, Washko GR, San José Estépar R. Pulmonary Arterial Pruning and Longitudinal Change in Percent Emphysema and Lung Function: The Genetic Epidemiology of COPD Study. Chest 2021; 160:470-480. [PMID: 33607083 PMCID: PMC8411454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary endothelial damage has been shown to precede the development of emphysema in animals, and vascular changes in humans have been observed in COPD and emphysema. RESEARCH QUESTION Is intraparenchymal vascular pruning associated with longitudinal progression of emphysema on CT imaging or decline in lung function over 5 years? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The Genetic Epidemiology of COPD Study enrolled ever smokers with and without COPD from 2008 through 2011. The percentage of emphysema-like lung, or "percent emphysema," was assessed at baseline and after 5 years on noncontrast CT imaging as the percentage of lung voxels < -950 Hounsfield units. An automated CT imaging-based tool assessed and classified intrapulmonary arteries and veins. Spirometry measures are postbronchodilator. Pulmonary arterial pruning was defined as a lower ratio of small artery volume (< 5 mm2 cross-sectional area) to total lung artery volume. Mixed linear models included demographics, anthropomorphics, smoking, and COPD, with emphysema models also adjusting for CT imaging scanner and lung function models adjusting for clinical center and baseline percent emphysema. RESULTS At baseline, the 4,227 participants were 60 ± 9 years of age, 50% were women, 28% were Black, 47% were current smokers, and 41% had COPD. Median percent emphysema was 2.1 (interquartile range, 0.6-6.3) and progressed 0.24 percentage points/y (95% CI, 0.22-0.26 percentage points/y) over 5.6 years. Mean FEV1 to FVC ratio was 68.5 ± 14.2% and declined 0.26%/y (95% CI, -0.30 to -0.23%/y). Greater pulmonary arterial pruning was associated with more rapid progression of percent emphysema (0.11 percentage points/y per 1-SD increase in arterial pruning; 95% CI, 0.09-0.16 percentage points/y), including after adjusting for baseline percent emphysema and FEV1. Arterial pruning also was associated with a faster decline in FEV1 to FVC ratio (-0.04%/y per 1-SD increase in arterial pruning; 95% CI, -0.008 to -0.001%/y). INTERPRETATION Pulmonary arterial pruning was associated with faster progression of percent emphysema and more rapid decline in FEV1 to FVC ratio over 5 years in ever smokers, suggesting that pulmonary vascular differences may be relevant in disease progression. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00608764; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Nardelli
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S Y Ash
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - C E Come
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - A A Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - F N Rahaghi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - R G Barr
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - K A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - G L Kinney
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - J P Simmons
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - R C Wade
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - J M Wells
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - J E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - G R Washko
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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20
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Lechner R, Lazzeri M, Oberaigner W, Nardelli P, Roth T, Köglberger P, Krismer M, Liebensteiner MC. Does the type of surgical approach affect the clinical outcome of total knee arthroplasty? Orthopade 2021; 50:674-680. [PMID: 33575812 PMCID: PMC8357722 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-021-04068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to investigate the issue of medial midvastus (MMV) vs. medial parapatellar (MPP) approaches in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It was hypothesized that the two surgical approaches would produce significantly different results with respect to patient-reported knee score outcome (hypothesis 1), short-term postoperative range of motion (ROM) (hypothesis 2), long-term postoperative ROM (hypothesis 3) and prosthesis survival (hypothesis 4). Methods A retrospective comparative study design was applied. Data sets were obtained from the state arthroplasty registry. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) data were analyzed from preoperative and 1 year postoperatively. The ROM data were analyzed for the time points preoperative, postoperative days 4 and 10 and 1 year. Results Available were 627 cases (407 MMV vs. 220 MPP) and 1 year postoperatively there were no significant differences between groups regarding the WOMAC scores (hypothesis 1). Early postoperatively on days 4 and 10 after TKA there were no differences between groups (p = 0.305 and p = 0.383, respectively, hypothesis 2). Likewise, ROM did not significantly differ between the groups 1 year after TKA (p = 0.338, hypothesis 3). The 5‑year prosthesis survival did not differ between the groups and showed 94.46% (95% confidence interval, CI 90.69–96.73%) in the MMV group and 94.33% (95% CI 89.96–96.83%) in the MPP group (p = 0.664, hypothesis 4). Conclusion Both surgical approaches produce equivalent clinical results in terms of early postoperative ROM, late postoperative ROM and 1‑year WOMAC. The same prosthesis survival rates can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Lechner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matteo Lazzeri
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Oberaigner
- Institut für klinische Epidemiologie, Tirol Kliniken, Innsbruck, Austria
- UMIT-Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Austria
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Roth
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Köglberger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria.
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martin Krismer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Blum KP, Campbell KS, Horslen BC, Nardelli P, Housley SN, Cope TC, Ting LH. Diverse and complex muscle spindle afferent firing properties emerge from multiscale muscle mechanics. eLife 2020; 9:e55177. [PMID: 33370235 PMCID: PMC7769569 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, we lack a mechanistic framework capable of predicting how movement-related signals are transformed into the diversity of muscle spindle afferent firing patterns observed experimentally, particularly in naturalistic behaviors. Here, a biophysical model demonstrates that well-known firing characteristics of mammalian muscle spindle Ia afferents - including movement history dependence, and nonlinear scaling with muscle stretch velocity - emerge from first principles of muscle contractile mechanics. Further, mechanical interactions of the muscle spindle with muscle-tendon dynamics reveal how motor commands to the muscle (alpha drive) versus muscle spindle (gamma drive) can cause highly variable and complex activity during active muscle contraction and muscle stretch that defy simple explanation. Depending on the neuromechanical conditions, the muscle spindle model output appears to 'encode' aspects of muscle force, yank, length, stiffness, velocity, and/or acceleration, providing an extendable, multiscale, biophysical framework for understanding and predicting proprioceptive sensory signals in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P Blum
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | | | - Brian C Horslen
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Stephen N Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Lena H Ting
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
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22
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Housley SN, Nardelli P, Powers RK, Rich MM, Cope TC. Chronic defects in intraspinal mechanisms of spike encoding by spinal motoneurons following chemotherapy. Exp Neurol 2020; 331:113354. [PMID: 32511953 PMCID: PMC7937189 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced sensorimotor disabilities, including gait and balance disorders, as well as physical fatigue often persist for months and sometimes years into disease free survival from cancer. While associated with impaired sensory function, chronic sensorimotor disorders might also depend on chemotherapy-induced defects in other neuron types. In this report, we extend consideration to motoneurons, which, if chronically impaired, would necessarily degrade movement behavior. The present study was undertaken to determine whether motoneurons qualify as candidate contributors to chronic sensorimotor disability independently from sensory impairment. We tested this possibility in vivo from rats 5 weeks following human-scaled treatment with one of the platinum-based compounds, oxaliplatin, widely used in chemotherapy for a variety of cancers. Action potential firing of spinal motoneurons responding to different fixed levels of electrode-current injection was measured in order to assess the neurons' intrinsic capacity for stimulus encoding. The encoding of stimulus duration and intensity corroborated in untreated control rats was severely degraded in oxaliplatin treated rats, in which motoneurons invariably exhibited erratic firing that was unsustained, unpredictable from one stimulus trial to the next, and unresponsive to changes in current strength. Direct measurements of interspike oscillations in membrane voltage combined with computer modeling pointed to aberrations in subthreshold conductances as a plausible contributor to impaired firing behavior. These findings authenticate impaired spike encoding as a candidate contributor to, in the case of motoneurons, deficits in mobility and fatigue. Aberrant firing also becomes a deficit worthy of testing in other CNS neurons as a potential contributor to perceptual and cognitive disorders induced by chemotherapy in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Randal K Powers
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark M Rich
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Timothy C Cope
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA; Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- S Turi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P Nardelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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24
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Housley SN, Nardelli P, Carrasco DI, Rotterman TM, Pfahl E, Matyunina LV, McDonald JF, Cope TC. Cancer Exacerbates Chemotherapy-Induced Sensory Neuropathy. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2940-2955. [PMID: 32345673 PMCID: PMC7340531 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For the constellation of neurologic disorders known as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, mechanistic understanding and treatment remain deficient. Here, we present the first evidence that chronic sensory neuropathy depends on nonlinear interactions between cancer and chemotherapy. Global transcriptional profiling of dorsal root ganglia revealed differential expression, notably in regulators of neuronal excitability, metabolism, and inflammatory responses, all of which were unpredictable from effects observed with either chemotherapy or cancer alone. Systemic interactions between cancer and chemotherapy also determined the extent of deficits in sensory encoding and ion channel protein expression by single mechanosensory neurons, with the potassium ion channel Kv3.3 emerging as one potential contributor to sensory neuron dysfunction. Validated measures of sensorimotor behavior in awake, behaving animals revealed dysfunction after chronic chemotherapy treatment was exacerbated by cancer. Notably, errors in precise forelimb placement emerged as a novel behavioral deficit unpredicted by our previous study of chemotherapy alone. These original findings identify novel contributors to peripheral neuropathy and emphasize the fundamental dependence of neuropathy on the systemic interaction between chemotherapy and cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the need to account for pathobiological interactions between cancer and chemotherapy as a major contributor to neuropathy and will have significant and immediate impact on future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dario I Carrasco
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Travis M Rotterman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emily Pfahl
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lilya V Matyunina
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John F McDonald
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Timothy C Cope
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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25
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Housley SN, Nardelli P, Wang AB, Flores AM, Perreault EJ, Cope T. Cancer's role in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e24064 Background: For the constellation of neurological disorders known as chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, mechanistic understanding, and treatment remain deficient. This might be due to the fact that studies on the effects of chemotherapies on the nervous system have utilized experimental models that exclude cancer perhaps due to the presumption that chemotherapy alone explains the neuropathology. However, the convergence of cancer and chemotherapy on the same biological processes seems likely to yield non-linear interactions. This led us to hypothesize that clinically relevant neuropathy emerges from codependent actions of cancer and chemotherapy. Methods: We established a clinically-relevant animal model of chronic sensory neuropathy in rats with cancer (adenomatous polyposis coli in rat colon: Apc+/Pirc) and age-matched animals without cancer ( ApcWT) that were randomly assigned to receive a human-scaled course of oxaliplatin (OX) or control treatment (4 groups). We quantified behavioral deficits during precision ladder walking, a validated measure of locomotor performance. Neuronal signaling was measured during terminal in vivo experiments to examine the response of sensory neurons to physiologically-relevant stimuli. We defined statistical significance as when 95% of a highest density interval (HDI) of posterior probabilities do not overlap (hierarchical Bayesian modeling). Results: Apc+/Pirc+OX (n = 11) rats exhibited significantly higher error rate (19.2±5.6%, 95%HDI) during precision ladder walking in comparison to ApcWT+control (2.4±2.7%: n = 9) or Apc+/Pirc +control (2.5±2.9%: n = 7) and significantly exceeded the error rate observed in animals treated with OX alone (8.4±3.1%: n = 10). In contrast to the observations in all other groups, we found drastically impaired neuronal signaling in Apc+/Pirc+OX rats which manifested as significantly reduced sensitivity and attenuated static and dynamic firing patterns (95%HDI). Conclusions: We present the first evidence that chronic neuropathy cannot be explained by the effects of chemotherapy alone but instead depend on non-linear interactions between cancer and chemotherapy. This understanding is a prerequisite for developing meaningful treatment or prevention of neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison B. Wang
- Northwestern University-Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL
| | | | - Eric J. Perreault
- Northwestern University-Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL
| | - Tim Cope
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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26
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Pieri M, Nardelli P, Calabrò M, Fominskiy E, Ajello S, Melisurgo G, Scandroglio A, Pappalardo F. Impact of Cytosorb Treatment on Drugs’ Need in Critically Ill Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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27
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Landoni G, Campitelli V, Nardelli P. Follow the resident through the looking glass. Anaesthesia 2019; 74:1336. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy
| | - V. Campitelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - P. Nardelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
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28
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Blum KP, Nardelli P, Cope TC, Ting LH. Elastic tissue forces mask muscle fiber forces underlying muscle spindle Ia afferent firing rates in stretch of relaxed rat muscle. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb196287. [PMID: 31324662 PMCID: PMC6703702 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.196287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stretches of relaxed cat and rat muscle elicit similar history-dependent muscle spindle Ia firing rates that resemble history-dependent forces seen in single activated muscle fibers ( Nichols and Cope, 2004). Owing to thixotropy, whole musculotendon forces and muscle spindle firing rates are history dependent during stretch of relaxed cat muscle, where both muscle force and muscle spindle firing rates are elevated in the first stretch in a series of stretch-shorten cycles ( Blum et al., 2017). By contrast, rat musculotendon exhibits only mild thixotropy, such that the measured forces when stretched cannot explain history-dependent muscle spindle firing rates in the same way ( Haftel et al., 2004). We hypothesized that history-dependent muscle spindle firing rates elicited in stretch of relaxed rat muscle mirror history-dependent muscle fiber forces, which are masked at the level of whole musculotendon force by extracellular tissue force. We removed estimated extracellular tissue force contributions from recorded musculotendon force using an exponentially elastic tissue model. We then showed that the remaining estimated muscle fiber force resembles history-dependent muscle spindle firing rates recorded simultaneously. These forces also resemble history-dependent forces recorded in stretch of single activated fibers that are attributed to muscle cross-bridge mechanisms ( Campbell and Moss, 2000). Our results suggest that history-dependent muscle spindle firing in both rats and cats arise from history-dependent forces owing to thixotropy in muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P Blum
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lena H Ting
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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29
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Monaco F, Barucco G, Nardelli P, Licheri M, Notte C, De Luca M, Mattioli C, Melissano G, Chiesa R, Zangrillo A. A Rotational Thromboelastometry Driven Transfusion Strategy Reduces Allogenic Blood Transfusion During Open Thoraco-abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Propensity Score Matched Study. J Vasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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de Los Ojos Araúzo D, Nardelli P, San José Estépar R. REGRESSION OF THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION SOLUTIONS FOR PULMONARY AIRWAY FLOW USING NEURAL NETWORKS. Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging 2019; 2019:1229-1233. [PMID: 32454950 DOI: 10.1109/isbi.2019.8759186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Computerized fluid dynamics models of particle deposition in the human airways are used to characterize deposition patterns that enable the study of lung diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite this fact, the influence of patient-specific geometry on the deposition efficiency and patterns is not well documented nor modeled. In part, this is due to the complexity of simulating the full Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solution in patient-specific airway geometries, a factor that becomes a major hurdle for patient-specific studies given the complexity of the geometry of human lungs and their related airflow. In this paper, we present an approximation method based on neural networks to the Navier-Stokes equations that govern airway flow in a Physiologically Realistic Bifurcation (PRB) model for the conducting region of a single generation human airway branch. The flow distribution and deposition of tobacco particles have been simulated for the inspiratory regime using ANSYS Fluent and a neural network has been trained to regress the mean velocity and mass flow components. Our results show that the approximation works well under the modeled assumptions and the serial application of this model to a two-generation airway geometry provides reasonable approximations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Nardelli
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R San José Estépar
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Monaco
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - P. Nardelli
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
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32
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Housley SN, Flores AM, Wang AB, Perreault EJ, Nardelli P, Carrasco D, Matyunina L, McDonald JF, Cope TC. Chemotherapy-induced neuronal dysfunction in the absence of axon degeneration. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15091 Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the three most prevalent cancers. Mortality rates have largely decreased due, in part, to advanced treatments such as platinum-based chemotherapy (e.g. oxaliplatin – OX). Unfortunately, OX induces severe off-target, neurotoxic side-effects in the sensory nervous system that can limit or end treatment and diminish patient quality of life for years. Patient symptoms are often attributed to dying-back degeneration of primary sensory axons despite the absence of conclusive evidence. We tested the hypothesis that proprioceptive disorders persisting after chemotherapy result solely from axon degeneration of muscle proprioceptors. Methods: We used a rat model to test our hypothesis. In a rodent model of OX clinical cancer treatment, one that exhibits sensorimotor deficits in a test of proprioceptive behavior, we performed single-neuron in vivo electrophysiological and immunohistological experiments. We then profiled transcriptomes of sensory neurons to gain unbiased insight into molecular evidence of degeneration. We compared the OX group of rats (n = 18) to healthy, control rats (n = 6) using hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Results: We found no evidence for sensory axon degeneration in electrophysiologic measures of axon conduction or in immunohistochemical analysis of the axon terminals of sensory neurons, OX and control rats were indistinguishable by these measures. Unbiased transcriptional profiling gave little evidence of neuronal degeneration, although genes related to axon transport showed signs of dysregulation. Structural degeneration was also ruled out by finding that all sensory neurons fired in response to stretch. Nonetheless, anomalous firing patterns were observed, e.g. decreased spike activity in response to mechanosensory stimulation, consistent with changes in ion channel physiology. Conclusions: Our findings reject the hypothesis that nerve degeneration is required to explain OX-related sensorimotor disorders. Our research suggests biological mechanisms that are alternative to axon degeneration in explaining sensorimotor changes due to OX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison B. Wang
- Northwestern University - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL
| | - Eric J. Perreault
- Northwestern University - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL
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33
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Chang YH, Housley SN, Hart KS, Nardelli P, Nichols RT, Maas H, Cope TC. Progressive adaptation of whole-limb kinematics after peripheral nerve injury. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/8/bio028852. [PMID: 30082274 PMCID: PMC6124561 DOI: 10.1242/bio.028852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to recover purposeful movement soon after debilitating neuromuscular injury is essential to animal survival. Various neural and mechanical mechanisms exist to preserve whole-limb kinematics despite exhibiting long-term deficits of individual joints following peripheral nerve injury. However, it is unclear whether functionally relevant whole-limb movement is acutely conserved following injury. Therefore, the objective of this longitudinal study of the injury response from four individual cats was to test the hypothesis that whole-limb length is conserved following localized nerve injury of ankle extensors in cats with intact nervous systems. The primary finding of our study was that whole-limb kinematics during walking was not immediately preserved following peripheral nerve injuries that paralyzed subsets of ankle extensor muscles. Instead, whole-limb kinematics recovered gradually over multiple weeks, despite having the mechanical capacity of injury-spared muscles across all joints to achieve immediate functional recovery. The time taken to achieve complete recovery of whole-limb kinematics is consistent with an underlying process that relies on neuromuscular adaptation. Importantly, the gradual recovery of ankle joint kinematics remained incomplete, discontinuing once whole-limb kinematics had fully recovered. These findings support the hypothesis that a whole-limb representation of healthy limb function guides a locomotor compensation strategy after neuromuscular injury that arrests progressive changes in the joint kinematics once whole-limb kinematics is regained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hui Chang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Stephen N Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Kerry S Hart
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Richard T Nichols
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA .,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.,The Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Nardelli P, Powers R, Cope TC, Rich MM. Increasing motor neuron excitability to treat weakness in sepsis. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:961-971. [PMID: 29171917 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weakness induced by critical illness (intensive care unit acquired weakness) is a major cause of disability in patients and is currently untreatable. We recently identified a defect in repetitive firing of lower motor neurons as a novel contributor to intensive care unit acquired weakness. To develop therapy for intensive care unit acquired weakness, it was necessary to determine the mechanism underlying the defect in repetitive firing. METHODS Both computer simulation and in vivo dynamic voltage clamp of spinal motor neurons in septic rats were employed to explore potential mechanisms underlying defective repetitive firing. RESULTS Our results suggest alteration in subthreshold voltage-activated currents might be the mechanism underlying defective repetitive firing. It has been shown previously that pharmacologic activation of serotonin receptors on motor neurons increases motor neuron excitability, in part by enhancing subthreshold voltage-activated inward currents. Administration of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved serotonin agonist (lorcaserin) to septic rats greatly improved repetitive firing and motor unit force generation. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest activation of serotonin receptors with lorcaserin may provide the first ever therapy for intensive care unit acquired weakness in patients. Ann Neurol 2017;82:961-971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nardelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Randall Powers
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Tim C Cope
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mark M Rich
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH
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35
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Vincent JA, Gabriel HM, Deardorff AS, Nardelli P, Fyffe REW, Burkholder T, Cope TC. Muscle proprioceptors in adult rat: mechanosensory signaling and synapse distribution in spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2687-2701. [PMID: 28814636 PMCID: PMC5672542 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00497.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristic signaling and intraspinal projections of muscle proprioceptors best described in the cat are often generalized across mammalian species. However, species-dependent adaptations within this system seem necessary to accommodate asymmetric scaling of length, velocity, and force information required by the physics of movement. In the present study we report mechanosensory responses and intraspinal destinations of three classes of muscle proprioceptors. Proprioceptors from triceps surae muscles in adult female Wistar rats anesthetized with isoflurane were physiologically classified as muscle spindle group Ia or II or as tendon organ group Ib afferents, studied for their firing responses to passive-muscle stretch, and in some cases labeled and imaged for axon projections and varicosities in spinal segments. Afferent projections and the laminar distributions of provisional synapses in rats closely resembled those found in the cat. Afferent signaling of muscle kinematics was also similar to reports in the cat, but rat Ib afferents fired robustly during passive-muscle stretch and Ia afferents displayed an exaggerated dynamic response, even after locomotor scaling was accounted for. These differences in mechanosensory signaling by muscle proprioceptors may represent adaptations for movement control in different animal species.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscle sensory neurons signal information necessary for controlling limb movements. The information encoded and transmitted by muscle proprioceptors to networks in the spinal cord is known in detail only for the cat, but differences in size and behavior of other species challenge the presumed generalizability. This report presents the first findings detailing specializations in mechanosensory signaling and intraspinal targets for functionally identified subtypes of muscle proprioceptors in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Vincent
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Hanna M Gabriel
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Adam S Deardorff
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Robert E W Fyffe
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Thomas Burkholder
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio;
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; and
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Pieri M, Nardelli P, De Luca M, Landoni G, Frassoni S, Melissano G, Zangrillo A, Chiesa R, Monaco F. Predicting the Need for Intra-operative Large Volume Blood Transfusions During Thoraco-abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 53:347-353. [PMID: 28089084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair is a complex procedure performed in patients at high cardiovascular risk. High volume intra-operative bleeding is often recorded, and the amount of intra-operative blood product transfusion is associated with relevant morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to identify pre-operative predictors of intra-operative large volume blood transfusions (LVBT) to stratify patients pre-operatively. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of all patients who underwent open TAAA surgery at San Raffaele Scientific Institute from January 2009 to December 2015. Intra-operative red blood cell (RBC) transfusions were administered to maintain a hematocrit of at least 30%. A LVBT was defined as a transfusion of at least four RBC units, corresponding to 1000 mL. RESULTS The study population included 428 patients: 260 (61%) received fewer than 4 RBC units, and 168 (39%) were transfused with at least 4 RBC units. In patients who underwent LVBT, higher mortality was observed after surgery (p=.003), longer intensive care unit admission (p=.004), and longer mechanical ventilation compared with less transfused patients (p=.0002). The patients who received fewer units were administered a higher dose of heparin during the surgical operation compared with patients of the LVBT group: 3400±1100 vs. 2900±1300 IU (international units) (p=.0004). Pre-operative chronic renal failure (OR 1.8), the pre-operative haemoglobin value (OR 0.8), and the need for urgent or emergent surgery (OR 3.15) were independent predictors of LVBT on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The identification of patients at risk of intra-operative LVBT during TAAA surgery is critical as these patients experience a worse outcome. Nevertheless, only few independent predictors are available for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pieri
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P Nardelli
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M De Luca
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G Landoni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - S Frassoni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G Melissano
- Department of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - A Zangrillo
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - R Chiesa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - F Monaco
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Vincent JA, Wieczerzak KB, Gabriel HM, Nardelli P, Rich MM, Cope TC. A novel path to chronic proprioceptive disability with oxaliplatin: Distortion of sensory encoding. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 95:54-65. [PMID: 27397106 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent neurotoxic side effects of oxaliplatin (OX) chemotherapy, including sensory ataxia, limit the efficacy of treatment and significantly diminish patient quality of life. The common explanation for neurotoxicity is neuropathy, however the degree of neuropathy varies greatly among patients and appears insufficient in some cases to fully account for disability. We recently identified an additional mechanism that might contribute to sensory ataxia following OX treatment. In the present study, we tested whether that mechanism, selective modification of sensory signaling by muscle proprioceptors might result in behavioral deficits in rats. OX was administered once per week for seven weeks (cumulative dose i.p. 70mg/kg) to adult female Wistar rats. Throughout and for three weeks following treatment, behavioral analysis was performed daily on OX and sham control rats. Compared to controls, OX rats demonstrated errors in placing their hind feet securely and/or correctly during a horizontal ladder rung task. These behavioral deficits occurred together with modification of proprioceptor signaling that eliminated sensory encoding of static muscle position while having little effect on encoding of dynamic changes in muscle length. Selective inability to sustain repetitive firing in response to static muscle stretch led us to hypothesize that OX treatment impairs specific ionic currents, possibly the persistent inward Na currents (NaPIC) that are known to support repetitive firing during static stimulation in several neuron types, including the class of large diameter dorsal root ganglion cells that includes muscle proprioceptors. We tested this hypothesis by determining whether the chronic effects of OX on the firing behavior of muscle proprioceptors in vivo were mimicked by acute injection of NaPIC antagonists. Both riluzole and phenytoin, each having multiple drug actions but having only antagonist action on NaPIC in common, reproduced selective modification of proprioceptor signaling observed in OX rats. Taken together, these findings lead us to propose that OX chemotherapy contributes to movement disability by modifying sensory encoding, possibly via a chronic neurotoxic effect on NaPIC in the sensory terminals of muscle proprioceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Vincent
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Krystyna B Wieczerzak
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Hanna M Gabriel
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States
| | - Mark M Rich
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States.
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Pasin L, Fominskiy E, Paternoster G, Nardelli P, Belletti A, Dalessandro V, Manfredini L, Lembo R, Zangrillo A. Open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the modern era: results from a 6-year single-centre experience. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nardelli P, Vincent JA, Powers R, Cope TC, Rich MM. Reduced motor neuron excitability is an important contributor to weakness in a rat model of sepsis. Exp Neurol 2016; 282:1-8. [PMID: 27118372 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which sepsis triggers intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW) remain unclear. We previously identified difficulty with motor unit recruitment in patients as a novel contributor to ICUAW. To study the mechanism underlying poor recruitment of motor units we used the rat cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. We identified striking dysfunction of alpha motor neurons during repetitive firing. Firing was more erratic, and often intermittent. Our data raised the possibility that reduced excitability of motor neurons was a significant contributor to weakness induced by sepsis. In this study we quantified the contribution of reduced motor neuron excitability and compared its magnitude to the contributions of myopathy, neuropathy and failure of neuromuscular transmission. We injected constant depolarizing current pulses (5s) into the soma of alpha motor neurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord of anesthetized rats to trigger repetitive firing. In response to constant depolarization, motor neurons in untreated control rats fired at steady and continuous firing rates and generated smooth and sustained tetanic motor unit force as expected. In contrast, following induction of sepsis, motor neurons were often unable to sustain firing throughout the 5s current injection such that force production was reduced. Even when firing, motor neurons from septic rats fired erratically and discontinuously, leading to irregular production of motor unit force. Both fast and slow type motor neurons had similar disruption of excitability. We followed rats after recovery from sepsis to determine the time course of resolution of the defect in motor neuron excitability. By one week, rats appeared to have recovered from sepsis as they had no piloerection and appeared to be in no distress. The defects in motor neuron repetitive firing were still striking at 2weeks and, although improved, were present at one month. We infer that rats suffered from weakness due to reduced motor neuron excitability for weeks after resolution of sepsis. To assess whether additional contributions from myopathy, neuropathy and defects in neuromuscular transmission contributed to the reduction in force generation, we measured whole-muscle force production in response to electrical stimulation of the muscle nerve. We found no abnormality in force generation that would suggest the presence of myopathy, neuropathy or defective neuromuscular transmission. These data suggest disruption of repetitive firing of motor neurons is an important contributor to weakness induced by sepsis in rats and raise the possibility that reduced motor neuron excitability contributes to disability that persists after resolution of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nardelli
- School of Applied Physiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Jacob A Vincent
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Randall Powers
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Tim C Cope
- School of Applied Physiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Mark M Rich
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States.
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Smilde HA, Vincent JA, Baan GC, Nardelli P, Lodder JC, Mansvelder HD, Cope TC, Maas H. Changes in muscle spindle firing in response to length changes of neighboring muscles. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:3146-55. [PMID: 27075540 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00937.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle force can be transmitted to the skeleton, not only via its tendons of origin and insertion but also through connective tissues linking the muscle belly to surrounding structures. Through such epimuscular myofascial connections, length changes of a muscle may cause length changes within an adjacent muscle and hence, affect muscle spindles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of epimuscular myofascial forces on feedback from muscle spindles in triceps surae muscles of the rat. We hypothesized that within an intact muscle compartment, muscle spindles not only signal length changes of the muscle in which they are located but can also sense length changes that occur as a result of changing the length of synergistic muscles. Action potentials from single afferents were measured intra-axonally in response to ramp-hold release (RHR) stretches of an agonistic muscle at different lengths of its synergist, as well as in response to synergist RHRs. A decrease in force threshold was found for both soleus (SO) and lateral gastrocnemius afferents, along with an increase in length threshold for SO afferents. In addition, muscle spindle firing could be evoked by RHRs of the synergistic muscle. We conclude that muscle spindles not only signal length changes of the muscle in which they are located but also local length changes that occur as a result of changing the length and relative position of synergistic muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiltsje A Smilde
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Jake A Vincent
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Guus C Baan
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; School of Applied Physiology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Johannes C Lodder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; School of Applied Physiology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
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Khan KA, Nardelli P, Alex J, O’Shea C, Cantillon-Murphy P, Kennedy MP. P282 The design and validation of a novel semiautomatic lung navigation platform. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Vincent JA, Nardelli P, Gabriel HM, Deardorff AS, Cope TC. Complex impairment of IA muscle proprioceptors following traumatic or neurotoxic injury. J Anat 2015; 227:221-30. [PMID: 26047324 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The health of primary sensory afferents supplying muscle has to be a first consideration in assessing deficits in proprioception and related motor functions. Here we discuss the role of a particular proprioceptor, the IA muscle spindle proprioceptor in causing movement disorders in response to either regeneration of a sectioned peripheral nerve or damage from neurotoxic chemotherapy. For each condition, there is a single preferred and widely repeated explanation for disability of movements associated with proprioceptive function. We present a mix of published and preliminary findings from our laboratory, largely from in vivo electrophysiological study of treated rats to demonstrate newly discovered IA afferent defects that seem likely to make important contributions to movement disorders. First, we argue that reconnection of regenerated IA afferents with inappropriate targets, although often repeated as the reason for lost stretch-reflex contraction, is not a complete explanation. We present evidence that despite successful recovery of stretch-evoked sensory signaling, peripherally regenerated IA afferents retract synapses made with motoneurons in the spinal cord. Second, we point to evidence that movement disability suffered by human subjects months after discontinuation of oxaliplatin (OX) chemotherapy for some is not accompanied by peripheral neuropathy, which is the acknowledged primary cause of disability. Our studies of OX-treated rats suggest a novel additional explanation in showing the loss of sustained repetitive firing of IA afferents during static muscle stretch. Newly extended investigation reproduces this effect in normal rats with drugs that block Na(+) channels apparently involved in encoding static IA afferent firing. Overall, these findings highlight multiplicity in IA afferent deficits that must be taken into account in understanding proprioceptive disability, and that present new avenues and possible advantages for developing effective treatment. Extending the study of IA afferent deficits yielded the additional benefit of elucidating normal processes in IA afferent mechanosensory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Vincent
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Hanna M Gabriel
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Adam S Deardorff
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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Abstract
Recent reports show that synaptic inhibition can modulate postsynaptic spike timing without having strong effects on firing rate. Thus synaptic inhibition can achieve multiplicity in neural circuit operation through variable modulation of postsynaptic firing rate vs. timing. We tested this possibility for recurrent inhibition (RI) of spinal motoneurons. In in vivo electrophysiological studies of adult Wistar rats anesthetized by isoflurane, we examined repetitive firing of individual lumbosacral motoneurons recorded in current clamp and modulated by synchronous antidromic electrical stimulation of multiple motor axons and their centrally projecting collateral branches. Antidromic stimulation produced recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (RIPSPs) having properties similar to those detailed in the cat. Although synchronous RI produced marked short-term modulation of motoneuron spike timing and instantaneous firing rate, there was little or no suppression of average firing rate. The bias in firing modulation of timing over average rate was observed even for high-frequency RI stimulation (100 Hz), perhaps because of the brevity of RIPSPs, which were more than twofold shorter during motoneuron firing compared with rest. These findings demonstrate that RI in the mammalian spinal cord has the capacity to support and not impede heightened motor pool activity, possibly during rapid, forceful movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z Obeidat
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and
| | - Randall K Powers
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and
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Abstract
Many critically ill patients in intensive care units suffer from an infection-induced whole body inflammatory state known as sepsis, which causes severe weakness in patients who survive. The mechanisms by which sepsis triggers intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) remain unclear. Currently, research into ICUAW is focused on dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. During electromyographic studies of patients with ICUAW, we noticed that recruitment was limited to few motor units, which fired at low rates. The reduction in motor unit rate modulation suggested that functional impairment within the central nervous system contributes to ICUAW. To understand better the mechanism underlying reduced firing motor unit firing rates, we moved to the rat cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. In isoflurane-anesthetized rats, we studied the response of spinal motoneurons to injected current to determine their capacity for initiating and firing action potentials repetitively. Properties of single action potentials and passive membrane properties of motoneurons from septic rats were normal, suggesting excitability was normal. However, motoneurons exhibited striking dysfunction during repetitive firing. The sustained firing that underlies normal motor unit activity and smooth force generation was slower, more erratic, and often intermittent in septic rats. Our data are the first to suggest that reduced excitability of neurons within the central nervous system may contribute to ICUAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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Deardorff AS, Romer SH, Deng Z, Bullinger KL, Nardelli P, Cope TC, Fyffe REW. Expression of postsynaptic Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels at C-bouton synapses in mammalian lumbar -motoneurons. J Physiol 2012; 591:875-97. [PMID: 23129791 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.240879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels mediate medium after-hyperpolarization (AHP) conductances in neurons throughout the central nervous system. However, the expression profile and subcellular localization of different SK channel isoforms in lumbar spinal α-motoneurons (α-MNs) is unknown. Using immunohistochemical labelling of rat, mouse and cat spinal cord, we reveal a differential and overlapping expression of SK2 and SK3 isoforms across specific types of α-MNs. In rodents, SK2 is expressed in all α-MNs, whereas SK3 is expressed preferentially in small-diameter α-MNs; in cats, SK3 is expressed in all α-MNs. Function-specific expression of SK3 was explored using post hoc immunostaining of electrophysiologically characterized rat α-MNs in vivo. These studies revealed strong relationships between SK3 expression and medium AHP properties. Motoneurons with SK3-immunoreactivity exhibit significantly longer AHP half-decay times (24.67 vs. 11.02 ms) and greater AHP amplitudes (3.27 vs. 1.56 mV) than MNs lacking SK3-immunoreactivity. We conclude that the differential expression of SK isoforms in rat and mouse spinal cord may contribute to the range of medium AHP durations across specific MN functional types and may be a molecular factor distinguishing between slow- and fast-type α-MNs in rodents. Furthermore, our results show that SK2- and SK3-immunoreactivity is enriched in distinct postsynaptic domains that contain Kv2.1 channel clusters associated with cholinergic C-boutons on the soma and proximal dendrites of α-MNs. We suggest that this remarkably specific subcellular membrane localization of SK channels is likely to represent the basis for a cholinergic mechanism for effective regulation of channel function and cell excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Deardorff
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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Powers RK, Nardelli P, Cope TC. Frequency-dependent amplification of stretch-evoked excitatory input in spinal motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:753-9. [PMID: 22592308 PMCID: PMC3424093 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00313.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent calcium and sodium channels mediating persistent inward currents (PICs) amplify the effects of synaptic inputs on the membrane potential and firing rate of motoneurons. CaPIC channels are thought to be relatively slow, whereas the NaPIC channels have fast kinetics. These different characteristics influence how synaptic inputs with different frequency content are amplified; the slow kinetics of Ca channels suggest that they can only contribute to amplification of low frequency inputs (<5 Hz). To characterize frequency-dependent amplification of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), we measured the averaged stretch-evoked EPSPs in cat medial gastrocnemius motoneurons in decerebrate cats at different subthreshold levels of membrane potential. EPSPs were produced by muscle spindle afferents activated by stretching the homonymous and synergist muscles at frequencies of 5-50 Hz. We adjusted the stretch amplitudes at different frequencies to produce approximately the same peak-to-peak EPSP amplitude and quantified the amount of amplification by expressing the EPSP integral at different levels of depolarization as a percentage of that measured with the membrane hyperpolarized. Amplification was observed at all stretch frequencies but generally decreased with increasing stretch frequency. However, in many cells the amount of amplification was greater at 10 Hz than at 5 Hz. Fast amplification was generally reduced or absent when the lidocaine derivative QX-314 was included in the electrode solution, supporting a strong contribution from Na channels. These results suggest that NaPICs can combine with CaPICs to enhance motoneuron responses to modulations of synaptic drive over a physiologically significant range of frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall K Powers
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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Honeycutt CF, Nardelli P, Cope TC, Nichols TR. Muscle spindle responses to horizontal support surface perturbation in the anesthetized cat: insights into the role of autogenic feedback in whole body postural control. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:1253-61. [PMID: 22673334 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00929.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intact cats and humans respond to support surface perturbations with broadly tuned, directionally sensitive muscle activation. These muscle responses are further sensitive to initial stance widths (distance between feet) and perturbation velocity. The sensory origins driving these responses are not known, and conflicting hypotheses are prevalent in the literature. We hypothesize that the direction-, stance-width-, and velocity-sensitive muscle response during support surface perturbations is driven largely by rapid autogenic proprioceptive pathways. The primary objective of this study was to obtain direct evidence for our hypothesis by establishing that muscle spindle receptors in the intact limb can provide appropriate information to drive the muscle response to whole body postural perturbations. Our second objective was to determine if spindle recordings from the intact limb generate the heightened sensitivity to small perturbations that has been reported in isolated muscle experiments. Maintenance of this heightened sensitivity would indicate that muscle spindles are highly proficient at detecting even small disturbances, suggesting they can provide efficient feedback about changing postural conditions. We performed intraaxonal recordings from muscle spindles in anesthetized cats during horizontal, hindlimb perturbations. We indeed found that muscle spindle afferents in the intact limb generate broadly tuned but directionally sensitive activation patterns. These afferents were also sensitive to initial stance widths and perturbation velocities. Finally, we found that afferents in the intact limb have heightened sensitivity to small perturbations. We conclude that muscle spindle afferents provide an array of important information about biomechanics and perturbation characteristics highlighting their potential importance in generating appropriate muscular response during a postural disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire F Honeycutt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Alvarez FJ, Titus-Mitchell HE, Bullinger KL, Kraszpulski M, Nardelli P, Cope TC. Permanent central synaptic disconnection of proprioceptors after nerve injury and regeneration. I. Loss of VGLUT1/IA synapses on motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 2011; 106:2450-70. [PMID: 21832035 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01095.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor and sensory proprioceptive axons reinnervate muscles after peripheral nerve transections followed by microsurgical reattachment; nevertheless, motor coordination remains abnormal and stretch reflexes absent. We analyzed the possibility that permanent losses of central IA afferent synapses, as a consequence of peripheral nerve injury, are responsible for this deficit. VGLUT1 was used as a marker of proprioceptive synapses on rat motoneurons. After nerve injuries synapses are stripped from motoneurons, but while other excitatory and inhibitory inputs eventually recover, VGLUT1 synapses are permanently lost on the cell body (75-95% synaptic losses) and on the proximal 100 μm of dendrite (50% loss). Lost VGLUT1 synapses did not recover, even many months after muscle reinnervation. Interestingly, VGLUT1 density in more distal dendrites did not change. To investigate whether losses are due to VGLUT1 downregulation in injured IA afferents or to complete synaptic disassembly and regression of IA ventral projections, we studied the central trajectories and synaptic varicosities of axon collaterals from control and regenerated afferents with IA-like responses to stretch that were intracellularly filled with neurobiotin. VGLUT1 was present in all synaptic varicosities, identified with the synaptic marker SV2, of control and regenerated afferents. However, regenerated afferents lacked axon collaterals and synapses in lamina IX. In conjunction with the companion electrophysiological study [Bullinger KL, Nardelli P, Pinter MJ, Alvarez FJ, Cope TC. J Neurophysiol (August 10, 2011). doi:10.1152/jn.01097.2010], we conclude that peripheral nerve injuries cause a permanent retraction of IA afferent synaptic varicosities from lamina IX and disconnection with motoneurons that is not recovered after peripheral regeneration and reinnervation of muscle by sensory and motor axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Alvarez
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
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Bullinger KL, Nardelli P, Pinter MJ, Alvarez FJ, Cope TC. Permanent central synaptic disconnection of proprioceptors after nerve injury and regeneration. II. Loss of functional connectivity with motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 2011; 106:2471-85. [PMID: 21832030 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01097.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of a cut muscle nerve fails to restore the stretch reflex, and the companion paper to this article [Alvarez FJ, Titus-Mitchell HE, Bullinger KL, Kraszpulski M, Nardelli P, Cope TC. J Neurophysiol (August 10, 2011). doi:10.1152/jn.01095.2010] suggests an important central contribution from substantial and persistent disassembly of synapses between regenerated primary afferents and motoneurons. In the present study we tested for physiological correlates of synaptic disruption. Anesthetized adult rats were studied 6 mo or more after a muscle nerve was severed and surgically rejoined. We recorded action potentials (spikes) from individual muscle afferents classified as IA like (*IA) by several criteria and tested for their capacity to produce excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in homonymous motoneurons, using spike-triggered averaging (STA). Nearly every paired recording from a *IA afferent and homonymous motoneuron (93%) produced a STA EPSP in normal rats, but that percentage was only 17% in rats with regenerated nerves. In addition, the number of motoneurons that produced aggregate excitatory stretch synaptic potentials (eSSPs) in response to stretch of the reinnervated muscle was reduced from 100% normally to 60% after nerve regeneration. The decline in functional connectivity was not attributable to synaptic depression, which returned to its normally low level after regeneration. From these findings and those in the companion paper, we put forward a model in which synaptic excitation of motoneurons by muscle stretch is reduced not only by misguided axon regeneration that reconnects afferents to the wrong receptor type but also by retraction of synapses with motoneurons by spindle afferents that successfully reconnect with spindle receptors in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Bullinger
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State Univ. School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton OH 45435, USA
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Abstract
Sensorimotor functions are restored by peripheral nerve regeneration with greater success following injuries that crush rather than sever the nerve. Better recovery following nerve crush is commonly attributed to superior reconnection of regenerating axons with their original peripheral targets. The present study was designed to estimate the fraction of stretch reflex recovery attributable to functional recovery of regenerated spindle afferents. Recovery of the spindle afferent population was estimated from excitatory postsynaptic potentials evoked by muscle stretch (strEPSPs) in motoneurons. These events were measured in cats that were anaesthetized, so that recovery of spindle afferent function, including both muscle stretch encoding and monosynaptic transmission, could be separated from other factors that act centrally to influence muscle stretch-evoked excitation of motoneurons. Recovery of strEPSPs to 70% of normal specified the extent of overall functional recovery by the population spindle afferents that regained responsiveness to muscle stretch. In separate studies, we examined recovery of the stretch reflex in decerebrate cats, and found that it recovered to supranormal levels after nerve crush. The substantial disparity in recovery between strEPSPs and stretch reflex led us to conclude that factors in addition to recovery of spindle afferents make a large contribution in restoring the stretch reflex following nerve crush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Prather
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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