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Zhou F, Zhang H, Chen S, Fan C. Transcriptome analysis of the transition from primary to secondary growth of vertical stem in Eucalyptus grandis. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:96. [PMID: 38331783 PMCID: PMC10851593 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Eucalyptus was one of the most cultivated hardwood species worldwide, with rapid growth, good wood properties and a wide range of adaptability. Eucalyptus stem undergoes primary growth (longitudinal growth) followed by secondary growth (radial growth), which produces biomass that is an important source of energy worldwide. In order to better understand the genetic regulation of secondary growth in Eucalyptus grandis, Transcriptome analyses in stem segments along a developmental gradient from the third internode to the eleventh internode of E. grandis that spanned primary to secondary growth were carried out. 5,149 genes that were differentially expressed during stem development were identified. Combining the trend analysis by the Mfuzz method and the module-trait correlation analysis by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method, a total of 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) selected from 868 DEGs with high connectivity were found to be closely correlated with secondary growth. Results revealed that the differential expression of these DEGs suggests that they may involve in the primary growth or secondary growth. AP1, YAB2 TFs and EXP genes are highly expressed in the IN3, whereas NAC, MYB TFs are likely to be important for secondary growth. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events of secondary growth and provide a foundation for future studies on wood formation in Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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2
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Zhu L, Liao Y, Lin K, Wu W, Duan L, Wang P, Xiao X, Zhang T, Chen X, Wang J, Ye K, Hu H, Xu ZF, Ni J. Cytokinin promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis via regulating sugar accumulation and MYB113 expression in Eucalyptus. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpad154. [PMID: 38123502 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid-like substances that play important roles in plants' adaptation to various environmental stresses. In this research, we discovered that cytokinin (CK) alone could effectively induce the anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus and many other perennial woody plant species, but not in tobacco and Arabidopsis, suggesting a diverse role of CK in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in different species. Transcriptomic and metabolomic strategies were used to further clarify the specific role of CK in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus. The results showed that 801 and 2241 genes were differentially regulated at 6 and 24 h, respectively, after CK treatment. Pathway analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were categorized into pathways related to cellular metabolism or transport of metabolites, including amino acids and sugars. The metabolomic results well supported the transcriptome data, which showed that most of the differentially regulated metabolites were related to the metabolism of sugar, amino acids and flavonoids. Moreover, CK treatment significantly induced the accumulation of sucrose in the CK-treated leaves, while sugar starvation mimicked by either defoliation or shading treatment of the basal leaves significantly reduced the sugar increase of the CK-treated leaves and thus inhibited CK-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. The results of in vitro experiment also suggested that CK-induced anthocyanin in Eucalyptus was sugar-dependent. Furthermore, we identified an early CK-responsive transcription factor MYB113 in Eucalyptus, the expression of which was significantly upregulated by CK treatment in Eucalyptus, but was inhibited in Arabidopsis. Importantly, the overexpression of EgrMYB113 in the Eucalyptus hairy roots was associated with significant anthocyanin accumulation and upregulation of most of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a key role of CK in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus, providing a molecular basis for further understanding the regulatory mechanism and diversity of hormone-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuwu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lanjuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Dongmen Forest Farm, Chongzuo 532108, China
| | - Kaiqin Ye
- Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Daude MM, Ságio SA, Rodrigues JN, Lima NMP, Lima AA, Sarmento MI, Sarmento RA, Barreto HG. Reference genes for Eucalyptus spp. under Beauveria bassiana inoculation and subsequently infestation by the galling wasp Leptocybe invasa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2556. [PMID: 38297150 PMCID: PMC10830493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Relative gene expression analysis through RT-qPCR is an important molecular technique that helps understanding different molecular mechanisms, such as the plant defense response to insect pests. However, the use of RT-qPCR for gene expression analysis can be affected by factors that directly affect the reliability of the results. Among these factors, the appropriate choice of reference genes is crucial and can strongly impact RT-qPCR relative gene expression analyses, highlighting the importance in correctly choosing the most suitable genes for the success of the analysis. Thus, this study aimed to select and validate reference genes for relative gene expression studies through RT-qPCR in hybrids of Eucalyptus tereticornis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis (drought tolerant and susceptible to Leptocybe invasa) under conditions of inoculation by the Beauveria bassiana fungus and subsequent infestation by L. invasa. The expression level and stability of eleven candidate genes were evaluated. Stability was analyzed using the RefFinder tool, which integrates the geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Delta-Ct algorithms. The selected reference genes were validated through the expression analysis of the transcriptional factor EcDREB2 (dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2). For all treatments evaluated, EcPTB, EcPP2A-1, and EcEUC12 were the best reference genes. The triplets EcPTB/EcEUC12/EcUBP6, EcPP2A-1/EcEUC12/EcPTB, EcIDH/EcSAND/Ecα-TUB, EcPP2A-1/Ecα-TUB/EcPTB, and EcPP2A-1/EcUPL7/EcSAND were the best reference genes for the control plants, mother plants, plants inoculated with B. bassiana, plants infested with L. invasa, and plants inoculated with B. bassiana and subsequently infested with L. invasa, respectively. The best determined reference genes were used to normalize the RT-qPCR expression data for each experimental condition evaluated. The results emphasize the importance of this type of study to ensure the reliability of relative gene expression analyses. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be used as a basis for future research, comprising gene expression analysis of different eucalyptus metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Martins Daude
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis (LAM), Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Rede Bionorte, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Solange Aparecida Ságio
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis (LAM), Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Digital Agroenergy, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Jovielly Neves Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Forest and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | | | - André Almeida Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis (LAM), Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Maíra Ignacio Sarmento
- Postgraduate Program in Forest and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Rede Bionorte, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Forest and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Horllys Gomes Barreto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis (LAM), Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Rede Bionorte, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Digital Agroenergy, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil.
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Lu L, Li G, Liu F. High-quality genome resource of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae associated with die-back on Eucalyptus trees. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:2. [PMID: 38166632 PMCID: PMC10759541 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae is an important fungal pathogen associated with die-back, canker and shoot blight in many plant hosts with a wide geographic distribution. The aim of our study was to provide high-quality genome assemblies and sequence annotation resources of L. pseudotheobromae, to facilitate future studies on the systematics, population genetics and genomics of the fungal pathogen L. pseudotheobromae. DATA DESCRIPTION High-quality genomes of five L. pseudotheobromae isolates were sequenced based on Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT) and Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. The total size of each assembly ranged from 43 Mb to 43.86 Mb and over 11,000 protein-coding genes were predicted from each genome. The proteins of predicted genes were annotated using multiple public databases, among the annotated protein-coding genes, more than 4,300 genes were predicted as potential virulence genes by the Pathogen Host Interactions (PHI) database. Moreover, the genome comparative analysis among L. pseudotheobromae and other closely related species revealed that 7,408 gene clusters were shared among them and 152 gene clusters unique to L. pseudotheobromae. This genome and associated datasets provided here will serve as a useful resource for further analyses of this fungal pathogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- LinQin Lu
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees (RIFT), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Zhanjiang, 524022, China
| | - GuoQing Li
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees (RIFT), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Zhanjiang, 524022, China
| | - FeiFei Liu
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees (RIFT), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Zhanjiang, 524022, China.
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Yang X, Xu F, Pan W, Zhang W, Liao H, Zhu B, Xu B, Chen X, Yang H. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of High- and Low-Growth Genotypes of Eucalyptus urophylla in Response to Long-Term Nitrogen Deficiency. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:60. [PMID: 38254950 PMCID: PMC10815775 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrients play important roles in the growth and development of most plant species. However, in perennial trees, the function of nutrients in different genotypes is poorly understood. Three different nutrient levels (low, sufficient, and high nutrient levels) were applied to two contrasting Eucalyptus urophylla cultivars (a high-growth cultivar ZQUA44 and a low-growth cultivar ZQUB15), and growth and expression levels were analyzed. Although the growth traits of both genotypes under nutrient starvation treatment were much lower than under abundant nutrients, tree height, crown width, and biomass of different ZQUA44 tissues were much higher than those of ZQUB15 at all three nutrient levels. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) clustered into six subclusters based on their expression patterns, and functional annotation showed that the DEGs involved in glutathione metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis may be responsible for nutrient starvation across different genotypes, while the DEGs involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism may have a range of functions in different genotypes. The DEGs encoding the MYB-related family may be responsible for nutrient deficiency in all genotypes, while B3 may have different functions in different genotypes. Our results demonstrate that different genotypes may form different pathways to coordinate plant survival when they face abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huanqin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Baozhu Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huixiao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Zhang ZA, Liu MY, Ren SN, Liu X, Gao YH, Zhu CY, Niu HQ, Chen BW, Liu C, Yin W, Wang HL, Xia X. Identification of WUSCHEL-related homeobox gene and truncated small peptides in transformation efficiency improvement in Eucalyptus. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:604. [PMID: 38030990 PMCID: PMC10688041 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WUSCHEL-related Homeobox (WOX) genes, which encode plant-specific homeobox (HB) transcription factors, play crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development. However, the functions of WOX genes are little known in Eucalyptus, one of the fastest-growing tree resources with considerable widespread cultivation worldwide. RESULTS A total of nine WOX genes named EgWOX1-EgWOX9 were retrieved and designated from Eucalyptus grandis. From the three divided clades marked as Modern/WUS, Intermediate and Ancient, the largest group Modern/WUS (6 EgWOXs) contains a specific domain with 8 amino acids: TLQLFPLR. The collinearity, cis-regulatory elements, protein-protein interaction network and gene expression analysis reveal that the WUS proteins in E. grandis involve in regulating meristems development and regeneration. Furthermore, by externally adding of truncated peptides isolated from WUS specific domain, the transformation efficiency in E. urophylla × E. grandis DH32-29 was significant enhanced. The transcriptomics data further reveals that the use of small peptides activates metabolism pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Peptides isolated from WUS protein can be utilized to enhance the transformation efficiency in Eucalyptus, thereby contributing to the high-efficiency breeding of Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mei-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shu-Ning Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue-Hao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao-Qiang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bo-Wen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xinli Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Liu G, Wu Z, Luo J, Wang C, Shang X, Zhang G. Genes expression profiles in vascular cambium of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis at different ages. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:500. [PMID: 37848837 PMCID: PMC10583469 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wood is a secondary xylem generated by vascular cambium. Vascular cambium activities mainly include cambium proliferation and vascular tissue formation through secondary growth, thereby producing new secondary phloem inward and secondary xylem outward and leading to continuous tree thickening and wood formation. Wood formation is a complex biological process, which is strictly regulated by multiple genes. Therefore, molecular level research on the vascular cambium of different tree ages can lead to the identification of both key and related genes involved in wood formation and further explain the molecular regulation mechanism of wood formation. RESULTS In the present study, RNA-Seq and Pac-Bio Iso-Seq were used for profiling gene expression changes in Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (E. urograndis) vascular cambium at four different ages. A total of 59,770 non-redundant transcripts and 1892 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The expression trends of the DEGs related to cell division and differentiation, cell wall biosynthesis, phytohormone, and transcription factors were analyzed. The DEGs encoding expansin, kinesin, cycline, PAL, GRP9, KNOX, C2C2-dof, REV, etc., were highly expressed in E. urograndis at three years old, leading to positive effects on growth and development. Moreover, some gene family members, such as NAC, MYB, HD-ZIP III, RPK, and RAP, play different regulatory roles in wood formation because of their sophisticated transcriptional network and function redundantly. CONCLUSIONS These candidate genes are a potential resource to further study wood formation, especially in fast-growing and adaptable eucalyptus. The results may also serve as a basis for further research to unravel the molecular mechanism underlying wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chubiao Wang
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiuhua Shang
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guowu Zhang
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China.
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Quiñones Martorello AS, Gyenge JE, Colabelli MN, Petigrosso LR, Fernández ME. Functional responses to multiple sequential abiotic stress (waterlogging-drought) in three woody taxa with different root systems and stress tolerance. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e13958. [PMID: 37338179 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
There is generally a trade-off in the resistance to drought and to waterlogging. However, several species are sequentially subjected to both stressors in many environments. We evaluated the ecophysiological strategies to cope with multiple sequential stress of waterlogging and drought (W + D) of three taxa differing in stress resistance and root morphology: the phreatophic Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Ec) and two shallow-rooted willow clones: Salix matsudana x Salix alba (SmxSa) and Salix nigra (Sn4). Individuals of the three taxa were grown in pots and assigned to either of four treatments: Control (well-watered plants), well-watered followed by drought (C + D); waterlogged for 15 days followed by drought (W15d + D) and waterlogged for 30 days followed by drought (W30d + D). Biomass allocation, growth (diameter, height, length of leaves, and roots), specific leaf area, stomatal conductance, water potential, hydraulic conductivity of roots and branches, leaf C13 and root cortical aerenchyma formation were determined at different stages of the experiment. Ec growth was not affected by W + D, developing tolerance strategies at leaf and whole plant levels. Differential effects of W + D were observed in both Salix clones depending on the time of waterlogging. In Sn4 and SmxSa, the root biomass was affected in W15d + D treatment, but a root tolerance response (aerenchyma and adventitious root formation) was observed in W30d + D. In the three taxa, and contrary to expectations, the previous exposure to a waterlogging period did not increase the susceptibility of the plants to a subsequent drought event. On the contrary, we found tolerance, which depended on the time of waterlogging exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Quiñones Martorello
- LIA FORESTIA (INTA_INRAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J E Gyenge
- LIA FORESTIA (INTA_INRAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UEDD INTA CONICET Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS) sede Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M N Colabelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L R Petigrosso
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M E Fernández
- LIA FORESTIA (INTA_INRAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- UEDD INTA CONICET Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS) sede Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Swanepoel S, Visser EA, Shuey LS, Naidoo S. The In Planta Gene Expression of Austropuccinia psidii in Resistant and Susceptible Eucalyptus grandis. Phytopathology 2023; 113:1066-1076. [PMID: 36611233 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-22-0257-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Austropuccinia psidii, commonly known as myrtle rust, is an obligate, biotrophic rust pathogen that causes rust disease in a broad host range of Myrtaceae species. Eucalyptus grandis, a widely cultivated hardwood Myrtaceae species, is susceptible to A. psidii infection, with this pathogen threatening both their natural range and various forest plantations across the world. This study aimed to investigate the A. psidii transcriptomic responses in resistant and susceptible E. grandis at four time points. RNA-seq reads were mapped to the A. psidii reference genome to quantify expressed genes at 12 h postinoculation and 1, 2, and 5 days postinoculation (dpi). A total of eight hundred and ninety expressed genes were found, of which 43 were candidate effector protein genes. These included rust transferred protein 1 (RTP1), expressed in susceptible hosts at 5 dpi, and a hydrolase protein gene expressed in both resistant and susceptible hosts over time. Functional categorization of expressed genes revealed processes enriched in susceptible hosts, including malate metabolic and malate dehydrogenase activity, implicating oxalic acid in disease susceptibility. These results highlight putative virulence or pathogenicity mechanisms employed by A. psidii to cause disease, and they provide the first insight into the molecular responses of A. psidii in E. grandis over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shae Swanepoel
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Erik A Visser
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Louise S Shuey
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Australia
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
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10
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Dai X, Lin Y, Zhou T, Li Y, Liao X, Cao J, Ding J. Natural annual transcriptome dynamics of Eucalyptus reveal seasonal adaptation of tropical/sub-tropical trees. Tree Physiol 2023; 43:658-674. [PMID: 36448586 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal environment cues are primary factors that influence a plant's growth and adaptation. The molecular basis of seasonal phenology has been well studied in trees growing in boreal and temperate ecosystems. However, little is known about the molecular phenology of trees belonging to tropical/sub-tropical regions. Here, we characterize the annual transcriptome dynamics of Eucalyptus dunnii, one of the world's most widely planted tropical/sub-tropical hardwoods, in natural environments. Our transcriptome analysis combined with the geographical distribution, environmental cues, microscopic observations and heterologous transformation analyses provides a molecular timetable of seasonal regulatory events of E. dunnii and its planting prospects in China. We further investigated the molecular mechanisms of the flowering phenology of E. dunnii. Our results suggest that low temperature is one of environment triggers for its seasonal flowering. In addition, a comparative transcriptome and cell ultrastructure analysis between Eucalyptus and Populus reveals the molecular bases of different shoot apex growth habits of trees originating from tropical/sub-tropical and boreal/temperate regions. Our study will provide cues for further investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the seasonal phenology of trees from tropical/sub-tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Dai
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Li
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- Public Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jihua Ding
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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11
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Hansen CC, Sørensen M, Bellucci M, Brandt W, Olsen CE, Goodger JQD, Woodrow IE, Lindberg Møller B, Neilson EHJ. Recruitment of distinct UDP-glycosyltransferase families demonstrates dynamic evolution of chemical defense within Eucalyptus L'Hér. New Phytol 2023; 237:999-1013. [PMID: 36305250 PMCID: PMC10107851 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The economic and ecologically important genus Eucalyptus is rich in structurally diverse specialized metabolites. While some specialized metabolite classes are highly prevalent across the genus, the cyanogenic glucoside prunasin is only produced by c. 3% of species. To investigate the evolutionary mechanisms behind prunasin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus, we compared de novo assembled transcriptomes, together with online resources between cyanogenic and acyanogenic species. Identified genes were characterized in vivo and in vitro. Pathway characterization of cyanogenic Eucalyptus camphora and Eucalyptus yarraensis showed for the first time that the final glucosylation step from mandelonitrile to prunasin is catalyzed by a novel UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT87. This step is typically catalyzed by a member of the UGT85 family, including in Eucalyptus cladocalyx. The upstream conversion of phenylalanine to mandelonitrile is catalyzed by three cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes from the CYP79, CYP706, and CYP71 families, as previously shown. Analysis of acyanogenic Eucalyptus species revealed the loss of different ortholog prunasin biosynthetic genes. The recruitment of UGTs from different families for prunasin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus demonstrates important pathway heterogeneities and unprecedented dynamic pathway evolution of chemical defense within a single genus. Overall, this study provides relevant insights into the tremendous adaptability of these long-lived trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Cetti Hansen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Matteo Bellucci
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Protein Production and Characterization PlatformUniversity of Copenhagen2200CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeibniz‐Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle06120Germany
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | | | - Ian E. Woodrow
- School of Ecosystem and Forest SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVic.3052Australia
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Elizabeth H. J. Neilson
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
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Candotti J, Christie N, Ployet R, Mostert‐O'Neill MM, Reynolds SM, Neves LG, Naidoo S, Mizrachi E, Duong TA, Myburg AA. Haplotype mining panel for genetic dissection and breeding in Eucalyptus. Plant J 2023; 113:174-185. [PMID: 36394447 PMCID: PMC10107644 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of genetic mechanisms underlying complex traits in plants, a comprehensive analysis of gene variants is required. Eucalyptus is an important forest plantation genus that is highly outbred. Trait dissection and molecular breeding in eucalypts currently relies on biallelic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. These markers fail to capture the large amount of haplotype diversity in these species, and thus multi-allelic markers are required. We aimed to develop a gene-based haplotype mining panel for Eucalyptus species. We generated 17 999 oligonucleotide probe sets for targeted sequencing of selected regions of 6293 genes implicated in growth and wood properties, pest and disease resistance, and abiotic stress responses. We identified and phased 195 834 SNPs using a read-based phasing approach to reveal SNP-based haplotypes. A total of 8915 target regions (at 4637 gene loci) passed tests for Mendelian inheritance. We evaluated the haplotype panel in four Eucalyptus species (E. grandis, E. urophylla, E. dunnii and E. nitens) to determine its ability to capture diversity across eucalypt species. This revealed an average of 3.13-4.52 haplotypes per target region in each species, and 33.36% of the identified haplotypes were shared by at least two species. This haplotype mining panel will enable the analysis of haplotype diversity within and between species, and provide multi-allelic markers that can be used for genome-wide association studies and gene-based breeding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Candotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Nanette Christie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Raphael Ployet
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Marja M. Mostert‐O'Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - S. Melissa Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | | | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Tuan A. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Alexander A. Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
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13
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Lötter A, Duong TA, Candotti J, Mizrachi E, Wegrzyn JL, Myburg AA. Haplogenome assembly reveals structural variation in Eucalyptus interspecific hybrids. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad064. [PMID: 37632754 PMCID: PMC10460159 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo phased (haplo)genome assembly using long-read DNA sequencing data has improved the detection and characterization of structural variants (SVs) in plant and animal genomes. Able to span across haplotypes, long reads allow phased, haplogenome assembly in highly outbred organisms such as forest trees. Eucalyptus tree species and interspecific hybrids are the most widely planted hardwood trees with F1 hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla forming the bulk of fast-growing pulpwood plantations in subtropical regions. The extent of structural variation and its effect on interspecific hybridization is unknown in these trees. As a first step towards elucidating the extent of structural variation between the genomes of E. grandis and E. urophylla, we sequenced and assembled the haplogenomes contained in an F1 hybrid of the two species. FINDINGS Using Nanopore sequencing and a trio-binning approach, we assembled the separate haplogenomes (566.7 Mb and 544.5 Mb) to 98.0% BUSCO completion. High-density SNP genetic linkage maps of both parents allowed scaffolding of 88.0% of the haplogenome contigs into 11 pseudo-chromosomes (scaffold N50 of 43.8 Mb and 42.5 Mb for the E. grandis and E. urophylla haplogenomes, respectively). We identify 48,729 SVs between the two haplogenomes providing the first detailed insight into genome structural rearrangement in these species. The two haplogenomes have similar gene content, 35,572 and 33,915 functionally annotated genes, of which 34.7% are contained in genome rearrangements. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of SV and haplotype diversity in the two species will form the basis for understanding the genetic basis of hybrid superiority in these trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneri Lötter
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Tuan A Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Julia Candotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics: Computational Biology Core, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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14
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Chen B, Li C, Chen Y, Chen S, Xiao Y, Wu Q, Zhong L, Huang K. Proteome profiles during early stage of somatic embryogenesis of two Eucalyptus species. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:558. [PMID: 36460945 PMCID: PMC9716740 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic embryogenesis (SE) was recognized as an important tool for plants to propagate. However, our knowledge about the proteins involved in early SE including the callus dedifferentiation is still limited, especially in the economic woody tree - Eucalyptus. RESULTS We used the data-independent acquisition mass-spectrometry to study the different proteome profiles of early SE of two Eucalyptus species-E. camaldulensis (high regeneratively potential) and E. grandis x urophylla (low regenerative potential). Initially, 35,207 peptides and 7,077 proteins were identified in the stem and tissue-culture induced callus of the two Eucalyptus species. MSstat identified 2,078 and 2,807 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in early SE of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis x urophylla, respectively. They shared 760 upregulated and 420 downregulated proteins, including 4 transcription factors, 31 ribosomal proteins, 1 histone, 3 zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), 16 glutathione transferases, 10 glucosyltransferases, ARF19, WOX8 and PIN1. These proteins might be involved in the early SE of Eucalyptus. By combining the miRNA and RNA-Seq results, some miRNA ~ gene/protein regulatory networks were identified in early SE of Eucalyptus, such as miR160 ~ TPP2, miR164 ~ UXS2, miR169 ~ COX11 and miR535 ~ Eucgr.E01067. Further, we found SERK, WRKY, ZFP and ABC transporter might be related with high SE potential. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study identified proteins involved in the early SE and related to the high regeneration potential of Eucalyptus. It greatly enhanced our understanding of the early SE and the SE capacity of Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002, Guangxi, China
| | - Changrong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002, Guangxi, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengkan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002, Guangxi, China
| | - Yufei Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002, Guangxi, China
| | - Lianxiang Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002, Guangxi, China
| | - Kaiyong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002, Guangxi, China.
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15
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Ahrens CW, Watson‐Lazowski A, Huang G, Tissue DT, Rymer PD. The roles of divergent and parallel molecular evolution contributing to thermal adaptive strategies in trees. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:3476-3491. [PMID: 36151708 PMCID: PMC9828096 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation is a driver of biological diversity, and species may develop analogous (parallel evolution) or alternative (divergent evolution) solutions to similar ecological challenges. We expect these adaptive solutions would culminate in both phenotypic and genotypic signals. Using two Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus tereticornis) with overlapping distributions grown under contrasting 'local' temperature conditions to investigate the independent contribution of adaptation and plasticity at molecular, physiological and morphological levels. The link between gene expression and traits markedly differed between species. Divergent evolution was the dominant pattern driving adaptation (91% of all significant genes); but overlapping gene (homologous) responses were dependent on the determining factor (plastic, adaptive or genotype by environment interaction). Ninety-eight percent of the plastic homologs were similarly regulated, while 50% of the adaptive homologs and 100% of the interaction homologs were antagonistical. Parallel evolution for the adaptive effect in homologous genes was greater than expected but not in favour of divergent evolution. Heat shock proteins for E. grandis were almost entirely driven by adaptation, and plasticity in E. tereticornis. These results suggest divergent molecular evolutionary solutions dominated the adaptive mechanisms among species, even in similar ecological circumstances. Suggesting that tree species with overlapping distributions are unlikely to equally persist in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin W. Ahrens
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Research Centre for Ecosystem ResilienceRoyal Botanic Gardens and Domain TrustSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Alexander Watson‐Lazowski
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNew South WalesAustralia
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Guomin Huang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David T. Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNew South WalesAustralia
- Global Centre for Land‐Based Innovation, Hawkesbury CampusWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Paul D. Rymer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNew South WalesAustralia
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16
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Fahey PS, Udovicic F, Cantrill DJ, Bayly MJ. A box on the river: The phylogenetics and phylogeography of Eucalyptus baueriana (Eucalyptus sect. Adnataria ser. Heterophloiae). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276117. [PMID: 36395183 PMCID: PMC9671351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a phylogeographic study of the tree species Eucalyptus baueriana Schauer, which occurs in disjunct areas on the near coastal plains and ranges of the south-east Australian mainland. DArTseq data are used to build a phylogeny including E. baueriana and closely related taxa to test its monophyly, test the genetic distinctness of the three subspecies of E. baueriana, and investigate relationships between its disjunct populations. Additionally, we use population structure analysis to investigate the genetic distinctness of populations, and MaxEnt to investigate the environmental factors potentially influencing the species' distribution. We show E. baueriana is monophyletic and most closely related to three other Blue Box eucalypt species: E. conica H.Deane & Maiden, E. dalveenica T.L.Collins, R.L.Andrew & J.J.Bruhl and E. magnificata L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill, with some evidence for genetic introgression between these taxa. Within E. baueriana, the deepest genetic breaks do not correspond with the subspecies classification as the two geographically restricted subspecies, together with samples of the more widespread E. baueriana subsp. baueriana from west of the Gippsland lowlands, form a south-western clade with that is sister to other populations of subsp. baueriana. The oldest genetic break in the species occurs in far eastern Gippsland (Victoria), corresponding to one of the shortest geographic disjunctions in the species' distribution. Genetic breaks in other species have been observed in this region which is broadly referred to as the southern transition zone. Both total annual rainfall and the seasonality of this rainfall are hypothesised to affect the species' distribution; gaps in its distribution are in areas of higher rainfall that support closed forest and in regions with more winter dominated rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fahey
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Udovicic
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, South Yarra, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael J. Bayly
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Fernandes Santos CA, Rodrigues da Costa S, Silva Boiteux L, Grattapaglia D, Silva-Junior OB. Genetic associations with resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii in guava (Psidium sp.) using cross-genera SNPs and comparative genomics to Eucalyptus highlight evolutionary conservation across the Myrtaceae. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273959. [PMID: 36322533 PMCID: PMC9629644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical fruit tree species constitute a yet untapped supply of outstanding diversity of taste and nutritional value, barely developed from the genetics standpoint, with scarce or no genomic resources to tackle the challenges arising in modern breeding practice. We generated a de novo genome assembly of the Psidium guajava, the super fruit “apple of the tropics”, and successfully transferred 14,268 SNP probesets from Eucalyptus to Psidium at the nucleotide level, to detect genomic loci linked to resistance to the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne enterolobii derived from the wild relative P. guineense. Significantly associated loci with resistance across alternative analytical frameworks, were detected at two SNPs on chromosome 3 in a pseudo-assembly of Psidium guajava genome built using a syntenic path approach with the Eucalyptus grandis genome to determine the order and orientation of the contigs. The P. guineense-derived resistance response to RKN and disease onset is conceivably triggered by mineral nutrients and phytohormone homeostasis or signaling with the involvement of the miRNA pathway. Hotspots of mapped resistance quantitative trait loci and functional annotation in the same genomic region of Eucalyptus provide further indirect support to our results, highlighting the evolutionary conservation of genomes across genera of Myrtaceae in the adaptation to pathogens. Marker assisted introgression of the resistance loci mapped should accelerate the development of improved guava cultivars and hybrid rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soniane Rodrigues da Costa
- Graduate program in Genetic Resources, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Dario Grattapaglia
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (CENARGEN), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Che X, Lai W, Wang S, Wang X, Hu W, Chen H, Xie X, Tang M. Multiple PHT1 family phosphate transporters are recruited for mycorrhizal symbiosis in Eucalyptus grandis and conserved PHT1;4 is a requirement for the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:2020-2039. [PMID: 35512354 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eucalypts engage in a mutualistic endosymbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to acquire mineral nutrients from soils, particularly inorganic phosphate (Pi). In return, the host plant provides organic carbons to its fungal partners. However, the mechanism by which the Eucalyptus plants acquire Pi released from the AM fungi has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the characterization of potential PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 (PHT1) family Pi transporters in AM symbiosis in Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. We show that multiple PHT1 family Pi transporters were recruited for AM symbiosis in E. grandis. We further report that EgPT4, an E. grandis member of the PHT1 family, is conserved across angiosperms and is exclusively expressed in AM roots with arbuscule-containing cells and localizes to the periarbuscular membrane (PAM). EgPT4 was able to complement a yeast mutant strain defective in all inorganic Pi transporters and mediate Pi uptake. Importantly, EgPT4 is essential for improved E. grandis growth, total phosphorus concentration and arbuscule development during symbiosis. Moreover, silencing of EgPT4 led to the induction of polyphosphate accumulation relevant genes of Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198. Collectively, our results unravel a pivotal role for EgPT4 in symbiotic Pi transport across the PAM required for arbuscule development in E. grandis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Che
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
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Huang Z, Xu Q, Fang X, Wu Z. Expression Activity of Artificial Promoters for Disease Resistance in Transgenic Eucalyptus urophylla. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101813. [PMID: 36292698 PMCID: PMC9602378 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional properties of artificial promoters are closely related to the type and arrangement position of cis-elements. GWSF (374-bp) was an effective SPIP with four cis-element dimers. There were four pathogen-inducible cis-elements in the GWSF promoter (GST1-boxes, W-boxes, S-boxes, and F-boxes) and a minimal cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. V-element dimers were inserted into the upstream (VGWSF), midstream (GWVSF), and downstream (GWSFV) regions of the original GWSF promoter sequence to examine their affect on the position. The expression activity of promoters was analyzed and estimated using the histochemical staining of leaf discs of eucalyptus with transient expression, an image digitization method to extract the color features, and the induction treatment by a plant pathogenic microorganism/inducer and qPCR assays. The histochemical staining results of the adventitious buds indicated that the promoters had been successfully integrated into the E. urophylla genome and that they drove the expression of the gus gene. There was a noticeable difference in the intensity of color between the adventitious buds on the same callus block, as well as the intensity of color within the same adventitious bud. According to the established two-factor model of blue value, there was a greater difference between the levels of the genotype factor than the promoter factor in eucalyptus leaf discs. Further, the basal and inducible transcriptional levels of the three improved promoters were investigated by qPCR. With the basal transcriptional level of the GWSF promoter normalized to one, the relative basal levels of VGWSF, GWVSF, and GWSFV were 1.40, 1.45, and 4.15, respectively. The qPCR results were consistent with the staining results of GUS histochemical staining. The three improved promoters all had the properties of being induced by salicylic acid, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Phytophthora capsici. The three improved promoters demonstrated a significantly higher TMV induction activity: their induction activity from high to low was GWSFV > GWVSF > VGWSF. The findings will be beneficial to the construction and optimization of artificial promoters for transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchi Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Qingchun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Xiaolan Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang 524022, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0759-3382-262 or +86-0759-3380-674
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Rutherford S, Wilson TC, Yap JYS, Lee E, Errington G, Rossetto M. Evolutionary processes in an undescribed eucalypt: implications for the translocation of a critically endangered species. Ann Bot 2022; 130:491-508. [PMID: 35802354 PMCID: PMC9510949 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Knowledge of the evolutionary processes responsible for the distribution of threatened and highly localized species is important for their conservation. Population genomics can provide insights into evolutionary processes to inform management practices, including the translocation of threatened plant species. In this study, we focus on a critically endangered eucalypt, Eucalyptus sp. Cattai, which is restricted to a 40-km2 area of Sydney, Australia, and is threatened by increased urbanization. Eucalyptus sp. Cattai has yet to be formally described in part due to its suspected hybrid origin. Here, we examined evolutionary processes and species boundaries in E. sp. Cattai to determine whether translocation was warranted. METHODS We used genome-wide scans to investigate the evolutionary relationships of E. sp. Cattai with related species, and to assess levels of genetic health and admixture. Morphological trait and genomic data were obtained from seedlings of E. sp. Cattai propagated in a common garden to assess their genetic provenance and hybrid status. KEY RESULTS All analyses revealed that E. sp. Cattai was strongly supported as a distinct species. Genetic diversity varied across populations, and clonality was unexpectedly high. Interspecific hybridization was detected, and was more prevalent in seedlings compared to in situ adult plants, indicating that post-zygotic barriers may restrict the establishment of hybrids. CONCLUSIONS Multiple evolutionary processes (e.g. hybridization and clonality) can operate within one rare and restricted species. Insights regarding evolutionary processes from our study were used to assist with the translocation of genetically 'pure' and healthy ex situ seedlings to nearby suitable habitat. Our findings demonstrate that it is vital to provide an understanding of evolutionary relationships and processes with an examination of population genomics in the design and implementation of an effective translocation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor C Wilson
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanic Science, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jia-Yee Samantha Yap
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanic Science, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Enhua Lee
- Biodiversity and Conservation Division, New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment, Sydney, Australia
| | - Graeme Errington
- Australian PlantBank, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maurizio Rossetto
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanic Science, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Oliveira LA, Cardoso AA, Andrade MT, Pereira TS, Araújo WL, Santos GA, Damatta FM, Martins SCV. Exploring leaf hydraulic traits to predict drought tolerance of Eucalyptus clones. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:1750-1761. [PMID: 35388901 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing changes in climate, and the consequent mortality of natural and cultivated forests across the globe, highlight the urgent need to understand the plant traits associated with greater tolerance to drought. Here, we aimed at assessing key foliar traits, with a focus on the hydraulic component, that could confer a differential ability to tolerate drought in three commercial hybrids of the most important Eucalyptus species utilized in tropical silviculture: E. urophyla, E. grandis and E. camaldulensis. All genotypes exhibited similar water potential when the 90% stomatal closure (Ψgs90) occurs with Ψgs90 always preceding the start of embolism events. The drought-tolerant hybrid showed a higher leaf resistance to embolism, but the leaf hydraulic efficiency was similar among all genotypes. Other traits presented by the drought-tolerant hybrid were a higher cell wall reinforcement, lower value of osmotic potential at full turgor and greater bulk modulus of elasticity. We also identified that the leaf capacitance after the turgor loss, the ratio between cell wall thickness (t) and lumen breadth (b) ratio (t/b)3, and the minimal conductance might be good proxies for screening drought-tolerant Eucalyptus genotypes. Our findings suggest that xylem resistance to embolism can be an important component of drought tolerance in Eucalyptus in addition to other traits aimed at delaying the development of high tensions in the xylem. Highlight Drought tolerance in tropical Eucalyptus hybrids encompasses a high leaf resistance to embolism and a suite of traits aimed at delaying the development of high tensions in the xylem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Oliveira
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda A Cardoso
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Moab T Andrade
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Talitha S Pereira
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gleison A Santos
- Departmento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio M Damatta
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
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22
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Liang Y, Bai T, Liu B, Yu W, Teng W. Different antioxidant regulation mechanisms in response to aluminum-induced oxidative stress in Eucalyptus species. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 241:113748. [PMID: 35696965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems play an important role in environmental protection and maintaining ecological balance. Understanding the physiological mechanisms of tree species response to aluminum (Al) toxic is crucial to reveal the main causes of plantation decline in acid rain area. As an important afforestation tree species in tropical and subtropical areas, Eucalyptus has high economic value and plays crucial ecological roles. However, continuous fertilization and acid precipitation can exacerbate soil acidification and increase soil active Al, which has a significant negative impact on Eucalyptus growth. Hence, species and genotypes with high Al resistance are required to solve the problem of Al toxicity of acidic soils for sustainable forest production. In this study, E. urophylla was better adapted to Al stress than E. grandis or E. tereticornis; its high Al resistance was attributed to greater antioxidant enzyme activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant content, and a lower degree of membrane lipid peroxidation than E. grandis or E. tereticornis. The differences in adaptability among the three pure species were attributed to their distinct habitats. Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis inherited the outstanding adaptability to Al stress from its maternal species (E. urophylla), indicating that Al tolerance is highly heritable and can be selected in Eucalyptus breeding. Our results indicated that the response of Eucalyptus to Al stress may fluctuate according to the time under stress, and might be related to dynamic changes in ROS elimination and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tiandao Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wanwen Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Weichao Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Forestry College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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23
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Yuan T, Liang J, Dai J, Zhou XR, Liao W, Guo M, Aslam M, Li S, Cao G, Cao S. Genome-Wide Identification of Eucalyptus Heat Shock Transcription Factor Family and Their Transcriptional Analysis under Salt and Temperature Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148044. [PMID: 35887387 PMCID: PMC9318532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) activate heat shock protein gene expression by binding their promoters in response to heat stress and are considered to be pivotal transcription factors in plants. Eucalyptus is a superior source of fuel and commercial wood. During its growth, high temperature or other abiotic stresses could impact its defense capability and growth. Hsf genes have been cloned and sequenced in many plants, but rarely in Eucalyptus. In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to analyze and identify Eucalyptus Hsf genes, their chromosomal localization and structure. The phylogenetic relationship and conserved domains of their encoded proteins were further analyzed. A total of 36 Hsf genes were identified and authenticated from Eucalyptus, which were scattered across 11 chromosomes. They could be classified into three classes (A, B and C). Additionally, a large number of stress-related cis-regulatory elements were identified in the upstream promoter sequence of HSF, and cis-acting element analysis indicated that the expression of EgHsf may be regulated by plant growth and development, metabolism, hormones and stress responses. The expression profiles of five representative Hsf genes, EgHsf4, EgHsf9, EgHsf13, EgHsf24 and EgHsf32, under salt and temperature stresses were examined by qRT-PCR. The results show that the expression pattern of class B genes (EgHsf4, EgHsf24 and EgHsf32) was more tolerant to abiotic stresses than that of class A genes (EgHsf9 and EgHsf13). However, the expressions of all tested Hsf genes in six tissues were at different levels. Finally, we investigated the network of interplay between genes, and the results suggest that there may be synergistic effects between different Hsf genes in response to abiotic stresses. We conclude that the Hsf gene family played an important role in the growth and developmental processes of Eucalyptus and could be vital for maintaining cell homeostasis against external stresses. This study provides basic information on the members of the Hsf gene family in Eucalyptus and lays the foundation for the functional identification of related genes and the further investigation of their biological functions in plant stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yuan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Y.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Jianxiang Liang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Y.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Jiahao Dai
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Y.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Agriculture Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Wenhai Liao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Y.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Mingliang Guo
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (M.A.)
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.G.); (M.A.)
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Y.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Guangqiu Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Y.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Shijiang Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Y.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (W.L.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.C.)
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Hernández MA, Butler JB, Ammitzboll H, Weller JL, Vaillancourt RE, Potts BM. Genetic control of the operculum and capsule morphology of Eucalyptus globulus. Ann Bot 2022; 130:97-108. [PMID: 35652517 PMCID: PMC9295918 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The petaline operculum that covers the inner whorls until anthesis and the woody capsule that develops after fertilization are reproductive structures of eucalypts that protect the flower and seeds. Although they are distinct organs, they both develop from flower buds and this common ontogeny suggests shared genetic control. In Eucalyptus globulus their morphology is variable and we aimed to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying this variation and determine whether there is common genetic control of these ecologically and taxonomically important reproductive structures. METHODS Samples of opercula and capsules were collected from 206 trees that belong to a large outcrossed F2E. globulus mapping population. The morphological variation in these structures was characterized by measuring six operculum and five capsule traits. QTL analysis was performed using these data and a linkage map consisting of 480 markers. KEY RESULTS A total of 27 QTL were detected for operculum traits and 28 for capsule traits, with the logarithm of odds ranging from 2.8 to 11.8. There were many co-located QTL associated with operculum or capsule traits, generally reflecting allometric relationships. A key finding was five genomic regions where co-located QTL affected both operculum and capsule morphology, and the overall trend for these QTL was to affect elongation of both organs. Some of these QTL appear to have a significant effect on the phenotype, with the strongest QTL explaining 26.4 % of the variation in operculum shape and 16.4 % in capsule shape. Flower bud measurements suggest the expression of these QTL starts during bud development. Several candidate genes were found associated with the QTL and their putative function is discussed. CONCLUSIONS Variation in both operculum and capsule traits in E. globulus is under strong genetic control. Our results suggest that these reproductive structures share a common genetic pathway during flower bud development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano A Hernández
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Route 27 - Km 38.3, Bella Vista, Corrientes 3432, Argentina
| | | | - Hans Ammitzboll
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - James L Weller
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture
| | - René E Vaillancourt
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Brad M Potts
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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25
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Tan B, Ingvarsson PK. Integrating genome-wide association mapping of additive and dominance genetic effects to improve genomic prediction accuracy in Eucalyptus. Plant Genome 2022; 15:e20208. [PMID: 35441826 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is a powerful and widely used approach to decipher the genetic control of complex traits. Still, a significant challenge for dissecting quantitative traits in forest trees is statistical power. This study uses a population consisting of 1,123 samples derived from two successive generations of crosses between Eucalyptus grandis (W. Hill) and E. urophylla (S.T. Blake). All samples have been phenotyped for growth and wood property traits and genotyped using the EuChip60K chip, yielding 37,832 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We use multi-locus GWAS models to assess additive and dominance effects to identify markers associated with growth and wood property traits in the eucalypt hybrids. Additive and dominance association models identified 78 and 82 significant SNPs across all traits, respectively, which captured between 39 and 86% of the genomic-based heritability. We also used SNPs identified from the GWAS and SNPs using less stringent significance thresholds to evaluate predictive abilities in a genomic selection framework. Genomic selection models based on the top 1% SNPs captured a substantially greater proportion of the genetic variance of traits compared with when we used all SNPs for model training. The prediction ability of estimated breeding values improved significantly for all traits when using either the top 1% SNPs or SNPs identified using a relaxed p value threshold (p < 10-3 ). This study also highlights the added value of incorporating dominance effects for identifying genomic regions controlling growth traits in trees. Moreover, integrating GWAS results into genomic selection method provides enhanced power relative to discrete associations for identifying genomic variation potentially valuable for forest tree breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyue Tan
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Dep. of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Univ., Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
- Stora Enso AB, Nacka, SE-131 04, Sweden
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Dep. of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
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Karannagoda N, Spokevicius A, Hussey S, Cassan-Wang H, Grima-Pettenati J, Bossinger G. Eucalyptus grandis AUX/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID 13 (EgrIAA13) is a novel transcriptional regulator of xylogenesis. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 109:51-65. [PMID: 35292886 PMCID: PMC9072461 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Our Induced Somatic Sector Analysis and protein-protein interaction experiments demonstrate that Eucalyptus grandis IAA13 regulates xylem fibre and vessel development, potentially via EgrIAA13 modules involving ARF2, ARF5, ARF6 and ARF19. Auxin is a crucial phytohormone regulating multiple aspects of plant growth and differentiation, including regulation of vascular cambium activity, xylogenesis and its responsiveness towards gravitropic stress. Although the regulation of these biological processes greatly depends on auxin and regulators of the auxin signalling pathway, many of their specific functions remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to functionally characterise Eucalyptus grandis AUX/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID 13 (EgrIAA13), a member of the auxin signalling pathway. In Eucalyptus and Populus, EgrIAA13 and its orthologs are preferentially expressed in the xylogenic tissues and downregulated in tension wood. Therefore, to further investigate EgrIAA13 and its function during xylogenesis, we conducted subcellular localisation and Induced Somatic Sector Analysis experiments using overexpression and RNAi knockdown constructs of EgrIAA13 to create transgenic tissue sectors on growing stems of Eucalyptus and Populus. Since Aux/IAAs interact with Auxin Responsive Factors (ARFs), in silico predictions of IAA13-ARF interactions were explored and experimentally validated via yeast-2-hybrid experiments. Our results demonstrate that EgrIAA13 localises to the nucleus and that downregulation of EgrIAA13 impedes Eucalyptus xylem fibre and vessel development. We also observed that EgrIAA13 interacts with Eucalyptus ARF2, ARF5, ARF6 and ARF19A. Based on these results, we conclude that EgrIAA13 is a regulator of Eucalyptus xylogenesis and postulate that the observed phenotypes are likely to result from alterations in the auxin-responsive transcriptome via IAA13-ARF modules such as EgrIAA13-EgrARF5. Our results provide the first insights into the regulatory role of EgrIAA13 during xylogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeeshani Karannagoda
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC, 3363, Australia.
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
| | - Antanas Spokevicius
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC, 3363, Australia
| | - Steven Hussey
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Hua Cassan-Wang
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Gerd Bossinger
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC, 3363, Australia
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De Armas S, Galván GA, Lapaz MI, González-Barrios P, Vicente E, Pianzzola MJ, Siri MI. Phylogeny and Identification of Pantoea Species Associated with Bulb Rot and Bacterial Leaf Blight of Onion Crops in Uruguay. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1216-1225. [PMID: 34818920 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1140-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Onion is among the most consumed vegetables in Uruguay, grown in the northwestern and southern regions of the country. The onion supply presents interannual variations associated with significant postharvest losses, mainly caused by bacterial rots. Besides bulb rotting, onion leaf lesions as well as infections on seed-stalks during seed production may be devastating for some varieties under conducive conditions. This research aimed to identify the causal agents of bulb rots and leaf blight of onion crops in Uruguay. Symptomatic bulbs, seeds-stalks, and leaves were collected from commercial fields from 2015 to 2020. Bacterial colonies were isolated and identified at genera level using physiological tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A collection of 59 Pantoea spp. isolates was obtained (11 from bulbs and 48 from leaves and seeds-stalks). Multilocus sequence analysis using four housekeeping genes (rpoB, gyrB, leuS, and fusA) allowed the assignment of the isolates to five Pantoea species: P. ananatis, P. agglomerans, P. allii, P. eucalypti, and P. vagans. The last two species were not previously reported as onion pathogens elsewhere. The ability to cause disease symptoms was tested by leaf inoculation and red onion scale assays. P. ananatis isolates showed the highest aggressiveness in both assays. Specific isolates from P. allii (MAI 6022), P. eucalypti (MAI 6036), P. vagans (MAI 6050), and Pantoea sp. (MAI 6049) ranked second in aggressiveness on onion leaves, whereas only three isolates belonging to P. eucalypti (MAI 6036 and MAI 6058) and P. agglomerans (MAI 6045) exhibited the same scale-clearing phenotype as P. ananatis. Leaf inoculation assays were also performed on a set of eight onion cultivars and breeding lines. Overall, P. ananatis MAI 6032 showed the highest aggressiveness in all tested cultivars, followed by P. eucalypti MAI 6036. The presence of new reported bacterial species leads to complex disease management and highlights the need for further studies on virulence factors and the epidemiology of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie De Armas
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo A Galván
- Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Centro Regional Sur (CRS), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Canelones 90100, Uruguay
| | - María I Lapaz
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Pablo González-Barrios
- Departamento de Biometría, Estadística y Computación. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
| | - Esteban Vicente
- Salto Grande Experimental Station, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - María J Pianzzola
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María I Siri
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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Wang X, Liang J, Liu Z, Kuang Y, Han L, Chen H, Xie X, Hu W, Tang M. Transcriptional regulation of metal metabolism- and nutrient absorption-related genes in Eucalyptus grandis by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at different zinc concentrations. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:76. [PMID: 35193499 PMCID: PMC8862258 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eucalyptus spp. are candidates for phytoremediation in heavy metal (HM)-polluted soils as they can adapt to harsh environments, grow rapidly, and have good economic value. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most widely distributed plant symbiotic fungi in nature, and they play an important role in promoting the phytoremediation of HM-polluted soils. However, few studies have evaluated the HM detoxification mechanism of E. spp. in symbiosis with AMF, and thus, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. RESULTS The gene transcription and metabolic pathways of E. grandis were studied with and without inoculation with AMF and at different zinc (Zn) concentrations. Here, we focused on the transcript level of six HM-related gene families (ZNT, COPT/Ctr, YSL, ZIFL and CE). Under high-Zn conditions, thirteen genes (ZNT:2, COPT/Ctr:5, YSL:3, ZIFL:1, CE:2) were upregulated, whereas ten genes (ZNT:3, COPT/Ctr:2, YSL:3, ZIFL:1, CE:1) were downregulated. With AMF symbiosis under high-Zn conditions, ten genes (ZNT:4, COPT/Ctr:2, YSL:3, CE:1) were upregulated, whereas nineteen genes (ZNT:9, COPT/Ctr:2, YSL:3, ZIFL:4, CE:1) were downregulated. Under high-Zn conditions, genes of three potassium-related transporters, six phosphate transporters (PHTs), and two nitrate transporters (NRTs) were upregulated, whereas genes of four potassium-related transporters,four PHTs, and four nitrogen-related transporters were downregulated. With AMF symbiosis under high-Zn conditions, genes of two potassium-related transporters, six ammonium transporters (AMTs) and five PHTs were upregulated, whereas genes of six potassium-related transporters, two AMTs and five PHTs were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicates that AMF increases the resistance of E. grandis to high-Zn stress by improving nutrients uptake and regulating Zn uptake at the gene transcription level. Meanwhile, our findings provide a genome-level resource for the functional assignments of key genes regulated by Zn treatment and AM symbiosis in six HM-associated gene families and macromineral nutrient-related gene families of E. grandis. This may contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the response to Zn stress in E. grandis with AM symbiosis at the aspect of the interaction between HM tolerance and nutrient acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuxuan Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lina Han
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Bush D. Long-term research reveals potential role of hybrids in climate-change adaptation. A commentary on 'Expansion of the rare Eucalyptus risdonii under climate change through hybridisation with a closely related species despite hybrid inferiority'. Ann Bot 2022; 129:i-iii. [PMID: 34289013 PMCID: PMC8829906 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: T. R. Pfeilsticker, R. C. Jones, D. A. Steane, P. A. Harrison, R. E. Vaillancourt and B. M. Potts, Expansion of the rare Eucalyptus risdonii under climate change through hybridization with a closely related species despite hybrid inferiority, Annals of Botany, Volume 129, Issue 1, 1 January 2022, Pages 1–14 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab103
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bush
- CSIRO Australian Tree Seed Centre, Black Mountain Innovation Precinct, Canberra, 2600, Australia
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Pfeilsticker TR, Jones RC, Steane DA, Harrison PA, Vaillancourt RE, Potts BM. Expansion of the rare Eucalyptus risdonii under climate change through hybridization with a closely related species despite hybrid inferiority. Ann Bot 2022; 129:1-14. [PMID: 34351372 PMCID: PMC8752398 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hybridization is increasingly recognized as an integral part of the dynamics of species range expansion and contraction. Thus, it is important to understand the reproductive barriers between co-occurring species. Extending previous studies that argued that the rare Eucalyptus risdonii was expanding into the range of the surrounding E. amygdalina by both seed and pollen dispersal, we here investigate the long-term fitness of both species and their hybrids and whether expansion is continuing. METHODS We assessed the survival of phenotypes representing a continuum between the two pure species in a natural hybrid swarm after 29 years, along with seedling recruitment. The performance of pure species as well as of artificial and natural hybrids was also assessed over 28 years in a common garden trial. KEY RESULTS In the hybrid zone, E. amygdalina adults showed greater mortality than E. risdonii, and the current seedling cohort is still dominated by E. risdonii phenotypes. Morphologically intermediate individuals appeared to be the least fit. Similar results were observed after growing artificial first-generation and natural hybrids alongside pure species families in a common garden trial. Here, the survival, reproduction, health and growth of the intermediate hybrids were significantly less than those of either pure species, consistent with hybrid inferiority, although this did not manifest until later reproductive ages. Among the variable progeny of natural intermediate hybrids, the most E. risdonii-like phenotypes were the most fit. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the increasing number of reports of hybrid inferiority in Eucalyptus, suggesting that post-zygotic barriers contribute to the maintenance of species integrity even between closely related species. However, with fitness rapidly recovered following backcrossing, it is argued that hybridization can still be an important evolutionary process, in the present case appearing to contribute to the range expansion of the rare E. risdonii in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Pfeilsticker
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - R C Jones
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - D A Steane
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - P A Harrison
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - R E Vaillancourt
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - B M Potts
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Zhang Y, Li J, Li C, Chen S, Tang Q, Xiao Y, Zhong L, Chen Y, Chen B. Gene expression programs during callus development in tissue culture of two Eucalyptus species. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:1. [PMID: 34979920 PMCID: PMC8722213 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eucalyptus is a highly diverse genus of the Myrtaceae family and widely planted in the world for timber and pulp production. Tissue culture induced callus has become a common tool for Eucalyptus breeding, however, our knowledge about the genes related to the callus maturation and shoot regeneration is still poor. RESULTS We set up an experiment to monitor the callus induction and callus development of two Eucalyptus species - E. camaldulensis (high embryogenic potential) and E. grandis x urophylla (low embryogenic potential). Then, we performed transcriptome sequencing for primary callus, mature callus, shoot regeneration stage callus and senescence callus. We identified 707 upregulated and 694 downregulated genes during the maturation process of the two Eucalyptus species and most of them were involved in the signaling pathways like plant hormone and MAPK. Next, we identified 135 and 142 genes that might play important roles during the callus development of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis x urophylla, respectively. Further, we found 15 DEGs shared by these two Eucalyptus species during the callus development, including Eucgr.D00640 (stem-specific protein TSJT1), Eucgr.B00171 (BTB/POZ and TAZ domain-containing protein 1), Eucgr.C00948 (zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 20), Eucgr.K01667 (stomatal closure-related actinbinding protein 3), Eucgr.C00663 (glutaredoxin-C10) and Eucgr.C00419 (UPF0481 protein At3g47200). Interestingly, the expression patterns of these genes displayed "N" shape in the samples. Further, we found 51 genes that were dysregulated during the callus development of E. camaldulensis but without changes in E. grandis x urophylla, such as Eucgr.B02127 (GRF1-interacting factor 1), Eucgr.C00947 (transcription factor MYB36), Eucgr.B02752 (laccase-7), Eucgr.B03985 (transcription factor MYB108), Eucgr.D00536 (GDSL esterase/lipase At5g45920) and Eucgr.B02347 (scarecrow-like protein 34). These 51 genes might be associated with the high propagation ability of Eucalyptus and 22 might be induced after the dedifferentiation. Last, we performed WGCNA to identify the co-expressed genes during the callus development of Eucalyptus and qRT-PCR experiment to validate the gene expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS This is the first time to globally study the gene profiles during the callus development of Eucalyptus. The results will improve our understanding of gene regulation and molecular mechanisms in the callus maturation and shoot regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi China
| | - Junji Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi China
| | - Changrong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi China
| | - Shengkan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi China
| | - Qinglan Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi China
| | - Yufei Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi China
| | - Lianxiang Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi China
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Liang XY, Bai TD, Wang JZ, Jiang WX. Genome survey and development of 13 SSR markers in Eucalyptus cloeziana by NGS. J Genet 2022; 101:39. [PMID: 36156510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus cloeziana is a valuable timber tree species for its high durability and excellent sawmilling qualities. However, there is lack of complete genomic information for this plant, which severely constrains its genetic improvement. This study aim to survey the genome of E. cloeziana and determine the large-scale sequencing scheme of this species. Next-generation sequencing based on Illumina Hi- Seq X Ten platform was used to survey the E. cloeziana genome and its SSR markers development. We estimated the genome size to be 491.91 Mb and the heterozygosity rate to be 1.23%, with repetitive sequences accounting for 40.74%. The clean reads of E. cloeziana were assembled into 995,093 scaffolds (556,992,952 bp) with a N50 value of 2297 bp. In the GO database, the 10,172 genes annotated were matched to 50 functional gene groups in three categories of cell component, biological function and molecular function, respectively. Through KEGG pathways analysis, 10,802 genes were successfully annotated and 133 metabolic pathways were detected with the most abundant metabolism-related genes. Meanwhile, a total of 58,832 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) loci were identified in the E. cloeziana genome, and among them, dinucleotide repeats were the most abundant class. AG/CT, AT/AT, AAG/CTT were the three most frequent primitive types. Of the 50 genomic SSR primer pairs randomly selected for screening test, 13 showed polymorphism (PIC = 0.625). Three to nine alleles per locus (mean = 6.23) were observed, with the observed and expected heterozygosity at 0.317-1.000 and 0.276-0.838 across all the 44 E. cloeziana germplasms, respectively. Here, we report the genome information of E. cloeziana, and the novel 13 genomic SSR markers that were developed can be used as powerful tools for evaluating genetic diversity and population structure, and thus contribute to molecular breeding studies of E. cloeziana and other eucalypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Liang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, People's Republic of China.
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da Silva AJ, Clarindo WR, Simiqueli GF, Praça-Fontes MM, Mendes LA, Martins GF, Borém A. Short-term changes related to autotetraploidy in essential oil composition of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage and its applications in different bioassays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24408. [PMID: 34949763 PMCID: PMC8702542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Some forest trees have been polyploidized to improve their traits and to supply new germplasms for breeding programs. As trees have a long juvenile stage, the early characterization of the chromosome set doubling effects is crucial for previous selection. Thus, we aimed to characterize the chemical variability of essential oils from diploid and autotetraploid germplasms (autotetraploid A and B) of Eucalyptus benthamii, as well as to evaluate their larvicidal and allelopathic effects. Autotetraploid A showed a higher essential oil yield than diploid and autotetraploid B, which did not differ quantitatively. Aromadendrene, viridiflorol and α-pinene were the major compounds in the diploid essential oil. In contrast, compounds were present in autotetraploids, such as 1,8-cineole, limonene, α-terpineol, and α-terpinyl-acetate. Essential oils from the diploid at 50-200 ppm were twice as larvicidal than those from autotetraploids against Aedes aegypti larvae. Considering the phytotoxicity bioassays using Lactuca sativa, essential oils from both ploidy levels affected root growth. Moreover, the essential oils inhibited shoot growth at all concentrations tested (187.5; 375; 750; 1500; and 3000 ppm). Autotetraploid A and B had the same effect on shoot growth as glyphosate. The essential oils had no cytogenotoxic effect on root meristematic cells of L. sativa, whereas phytotoxic potential was identified mainly in shoot growth. This work demonstrated a dramatic change in secondary metabolism (terpene composition) related to an increase in the ploidy level in Eucalyptus germplasms. In addition, we report the novelty of the chemical composition of essential oils among germplasms and their potential use as larvicidal and post-emergence weed control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junior da Silva
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiza Alves Mendes
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Aluízio Borém
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
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Elorriaga E, Klocko AL, Ma C, du Plessis M, An X, Myburg AA, Strauss SH. Genetic containment in vegetatively propagated forest trees: CRISPR disruption of LEAFY function in Eucalyptus gives sterile indeterminate inflorescences and normal juvenile development. Plant Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1743-1755. [PMID: 33774917 PMCID: PMC8428835 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus is among the most widely planted taxa of forest trees worldwide. However, its spread as an exotic or genetically engineered form can create ecological and social problems. To mitigate gene flow via pollen and seeds, we mutated the Eucalyptus orthologue of LEAFY (LFY) by transforming a Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla wild-type hybrid and two Flowering Locus T (FT) overexpressing (and flowering) lines with CRISPR Cas9 targeting its LFY orthologue, ELFY. We achieved high rates of elfy biallelic knockouts, often approaching 100% of transgene insertion events. Frameshift mutations and deletions removing conserved amino acids caused strong floral alterations, including indeterminacy in floral development and an absence of male and female gametes. These mutants were otherwise visibly normal and did not differ statistically from transgenic controls in juvenile vegetative growth rate or leaf morphology in greenhouse trials. Genes upstream or near to ELFY in the floral development pathway were overexpressed, whereas floral organ identity genes downstream of ELFY were severely depressed. We conclude that disruption of ELFY function appears to be a useful tool for sexual containment, without causing statistically significant or large adverse effects on juvenile vegetative growth or leaf morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Elorriaga
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Present address:
Department of Molecular and Structural BiochemistryNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Amy L. Klocko
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
| | - Cathleen Ma
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Marc du Plessis
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Xinmin An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignNational Engineering Laboratory for Tree BreedingCollege of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Alexander A. Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Steven H. Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
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35
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Jurcic EJ, Villalba PV, Pathauer PS, Palazzini DA, Oberschelp GPJ, Harrand L, Garcia MN, Aguirre NC, Acuña CV, Martínez MC, Rivas JG, Cisneros EF, López JA, Poltri SNM, Munilla S, Cappa EP. Single-step genomic prediction of Eucalyptus dunnii using different identity-by-descent and identity-by-state relationship matrices. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:176-189. [PMID: 34145424 PMCID: PMC8322403 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic selection based on the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) approach is becoming an important tool in forest tree breeding. The quality of the variance components and the predictive ability of the estimated breeding values (GEBV) depends on how well marker-based genomic relationships describe the actual genetic relationships at unobserved causal loci. We investigated the performance of GEBV obtained when fitting models with genomic covariance matrices based on two identity-by-descent (IBD) and two identity-by-state (IBS) relationship measures. Multiple-trait multiple-site ssGBLUP models were fitted to diameter and stem straightness in five open-pollinated progeny trials of Eucalyptus dunnii, genotyped using the EUChip60K. We also fitted the conventional ABLUP model with a pedigree-based covariance matrix. Estimated relationships from the IBD estimators displayed consistently lower standard deviations than those from the IBS approaches. Although ssGBLUP based in IBS estimators resulted in higher trait-site heritabilities, the gain in accuracy of the relationships using IBD estimators has resulted in higher predictive ability and lower bias of GEBV, especially for low-heritability trait-site. ssGBLUP based on IBS and IBD approaches performed considerably better than the traditional ABLUP. In summary, our results advocate the use of the ssGBLUP approach jointly with the IBD relationship matrix in open-pollinated forest tree evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban J Jurcic
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pamela V Villalba
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo S Pathauer
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dino A Palazzini
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo P J Oberschelp
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Leonel Harrand
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Martín N Garcia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia C Aguirre
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia V Acuña
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Martínez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan G Rivas
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban F Cisneros
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Juan A López
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Susana N Marcucci Poltri
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Munilla
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo P Cappa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mora-Poblete F, Ballesta P, Lobos GA, Molina-Montenegro M, Gleadow R, Ahmar S, Jiménez-Aspee F. Genome-wide association study of cyanogenic glycosides, proline, sugars, and pigments in Eucalyptus cladocalyx after 18 consecutive dry summers. Physiol Plant 2021; 172:1550-1569. [PMID: 33511661 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural variation of cyanogenic glycosides, soluble sugars, proline, and nondestructive optical sensing of pigments (chlorophyll, flavonols, and anthocyanins) was examined in ex situ natural populations of Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell. grown under dry environmental conditions in the southern Atacama Desert, Chile. After 18 consecutive dry seasons, considerable plant-to-plant phenotypic variation for all the traits was observed in the field. For example, leaf hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentrations varied from 0 (two acyanogenic individuals) to 1.54 mg cyanide g-1 DW. Subsequent genome-wide association study revealed associations with several genes with a known function in plants. HCN content was associated robustly with genes encoding Cytochrome P450 proteins, and with genes involved in the detoxification mechanism of HCN in cells (β-cyanoalanine synthase and cyanoalanine nitrilase). Another important finding was that sugars, proline, and pigment content were linked to genes involved in transport, biosynthesis, and/or catabolism. Estimates of genomic heritability (based on haplotypes) ranged between 0.46 and 0.84 (HCN and proline content, respectively). Proline and soluble sugars had the highest predictive ability of genomic prediction models (PA = 0.65 and PA = 0.71, respectively). PA values for HCN content and flavonols were relatively moderate, with estimates ranging from 0.44 to 0.50. These findings provide new understanding on the genetic architecture of cyanogenic capacity, and other key complex traits in cyanogenic E. cladocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Ballesta
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gustavo A Lobos
- Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marco Molina-Montenegro
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Roslyn Gleadow
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Felipe Jiménez-Aspee
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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37
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Abstract
Plantation forestry of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis supplies high-quality raw material for pulp, paper, wood, and energy and thereby reduces the pressures on native forests and their associated biodiversity. Nevertheless, owing to the heterozygosity of the E. urophylla × E. grandis genetic background, germplasm improvement by crossbreeding tends to be inefficient. As an alternative approach, genetic engineering of Eucalyptus can be used to effectively improve germplasm resources. From a strategic standpoint, increasing the plantation productivity and wood quality by transgenic technology has become increasingly important for forest industry. In this study, we established a fluorescence labelling method using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to obtain positive transformed progenies. The positive transformed progenies were easily obtained from the genetically modified population via fluorescence screening. This system can be used as a plant genome site-specific editing tool and may be useful for improving Eucalyptus genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecology and Biological Resources in Yarkand Oasis at Colleges & Universities under the Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi University, Kashi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Limei Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Lejun Ouyang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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38
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Goodger JQD, Sargent D, Humphries J, Woodrow IE. Monoterpene synthases responsible for the terpene profile of anther glands in Eucalyptus polybractea R.T. Baker (Myrtaceae). Tree Physiol 2021; 41:849-864. [PMID: 33219374 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research on terpene biosynthesis in the genus Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) is poorly developed, but recently large numbers of terpene synthase (TPS) genes have been identified. Few of these have been characterized or their expression localized to specific tissues. A prime candidate for detailed examination of TPS gene expression is the bisexual eucalypt flower-composed of male and female reproductive organs, and vegetative tissues that may express different TPS genes. We aimed to characterize and compare the terpene profile and TPS genes expressed in anthers and gynoecia in the high oil-yielding Eucalyptus polybractea R.T. Baker. We hypothesized that gynoecia will produce greater amounts of defensive terpenes, whereas anthers will have a terpene profile that is biased towards a role in pollination. Microscopy of isolated anthers showed them to possess a single, prominent oil gland. Chemical analysis of whole floral structures at different stages of development showed total oil per unit dry mass increased as flower buds expanded, with highest concentrations in mature flower buds just prior to flower opening. The oil profile of gynoecia was dominated by the monoterpene 1,8-cineole, whereas that of isolated anthers were enriched with the monoterpene α-pinene. Through transcriptomic analysis and recombinant protein expression, we were able to identify monoterpene synthases responsible for the different profiles. Synthases for α-pinene and 1,8-cineole were expressed in each tissue type, but the relative expression of the former was higher in anthers. Sequence comparison and site-directed mutagenesis of the α-pinene synthase allowed us to identify amino acids that influence the α-pinene to β-pinene ratio of the product profile. We suggest the terpene constituents of anthers may have multiple roles including attracting pollinators through emission of volatile α-pinene, deterrence of palynivores through emission of volatile 1,8-cineole and adhesion of pollen to pollinators via the release of sticky α-pinene onto the anther surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Q D Goodger
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Demi Sargent
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - John Humphries
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ian E Woodrow
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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39
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Cheng L, Zhang W, Hu J, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Lin Y. Characterization of the key region and putative phosphorylation sites of EcaICE1 in its molecular interaction with the EcaHOS1 protein in Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23:400-406. [PMID: 33107181 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1), a MYC-like bHLH transcriptional activator, plays an important role in plants under cold stress. The ubiquitination-proteasome pathway mediated by high expression of osmotically responsive gene1 (HOS1) can effectively induce the degradation of ICE1 and decrease the expression of CBFs and their downstream genes under cold stress response in Arabidopsis, but knowledge of ubiquitination regulation of ICE1 by HOS1 is still limited in woody plants. In this study, a E3 ubiquitin ligase gene EcaHOS1 were amplified from Eucalyptus camaldulensis and the protein interactions between EcaICE1 and EcaHOS1 were analysed. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay results showed that EcaICE1 can interact with the EcaHOS1 protein in the nucleus and, further, the Y2H assay demonstrated that the 126-185 amino acid region at the N-terminus of the EcaICE1 protein was indispensable for its interaction with EcaHOS1 protein. Moreover, we found that the amino acids at positions 145, 158 and 184 within the key interaction region were the putative phosphorylation sites of EcaICE1, based on bioinformatics analysis, and only the substitution of serine (Ser) 158 by alanine (Ala) blocked the protein-protein interactions between EcaICE1 and EcaHOS1 based on Y2H and β-galactosidase activity assays using site-directed mutagenesis. We identified Ser 158 of EcaICE1 as the key putative phosphorylation site for its interaction with the EcaHOS1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cheng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Genedenovo Biotechnology Company Limited, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Zhang
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Hu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Liu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Lin
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Rodrigues AM, Miguel C, Chaves I, António C. Mass spectrometry-based forest tree metabolomics. Mass Spectrom Rev 2021; 40:126-157. [PMID: 31498921 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Research in forest tree species has advanced slowly when compared with other agricultural crops and model organisms, mainly due to the long-life cycles, large genome sizes, and lack of genomic tools. Additionally, trees are complex matrices, and the presence of interferents (e.g., oleoresins and cellulose) challenges the analysis of tree tissues with mass spectrometry (MS)-based analytical platforms. In this review, advances in MS-based forest tree metabolomics are discussed. Given their economic and ecological significance, particular focus is given to Pinus, Quercus, and Eucalyptus forest tree species to better understand their metabolite responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in the current climate change scenario. Furthermore, MS-based metabolomics technologies produce large and complex datasets that require expertize to adequately manage, process, analyze, and store the data in dedicated repositories. To ensure that the full potential of forest tree metabolomics data are translated into new knowledge, these data should comply with the FAIR principles (i.e., Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re-usable). It is essential that adequate standards are implemented to annotate metadata from forest tree metabolomics studies as is already required by many science and governmental agencies and some major scientific publishers. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev 40:126-157, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Rodrigues
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, GreenIT-Bioresources for Sustainability, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavie, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA) Avenida da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Célia Miguel
- Forest Genomics & Molecular Genetics Lab, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Chaves
- Forest Genomics & Molecular Genetics Lab, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, GreenIT-Bioresources for Sustainability, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavie, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA) Avenida da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
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41
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Li W, Finnegan PM, Dai Q, Guo D, Yang M. Metabolic acclimation supports higher aluminium-induced secretion of citrate and malate in an aluminium-tolerant hybrid clone of Eucalyptus. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33407145 PMCID: PMC7789223 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eucalyptus is the main plantation wood species, mostly grown in aluminized acid soils. To understand the response of Eucalyptus clones to aluminum (Al) toxicity, the Al-tolerant Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla clone GL-9 (designated "G9") and the Al-sensitive E. urophylla clone GL-4 (designated "W4") were employed to investigate the production and secretion of citrate and malate by roots. RESULTS Eucalyptus seedlings in hydroponics were exposed to the presence or absence of 4.4 mM Al at pH 4.0 for 24 h. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHM) and anion channel blocker phenylglyoxal (PG) were applied to explore possible pathways involved in organic acid secretion. The secretion of malate and citrate was earlier and greater in G9 than in W4, corresponding to less Al accumulation in G9. The concentration of Al in G9 roots peaked after 1 h and decreased afterwards, corresponding with a rapid induction of malate secretion. A time-lag of about 6 h in citrate efflux in G9 was followed by robust secretion to support continuous Al-detoxification. Malate secretion alone may alleviate Al toxicity because the peaks of Al accumulation and malate secretion were simultaneous in W4, which did not secrete appreciable citrate. Enhanced activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and reduced activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), aconitase (ACO) and malic enzyme (ME) were closely associated with the greater secretion of citrate in G9. PG effectively inhibited citrate and malate secretion in both Eucalyptus clones. CHM also inhibited malate and citrate secretion in G9, and citrate secretion in W4, but notably did not affect malate secretion in W4. CONCLUSIONS G9 immediately secrete malate from roots, which had an initial effect on Al-detoxification, followed by time-delayed citrate secretion. Pre-existing anion channel protein first contributed to malate secretion, while synthesis of carrier protein appeared to be needed for citrate excretion. The changes of organic acid concentrations in response to Al can be achieved by enhanced CS and PEPC activities, but was supported by changes in the activities of other enzymes involved in organic acid metabolism. The above information may help to further explore genes related to Al-tolerance in Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Patrick M. Finnegan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009 Australia
| | - Qin Dai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongqiang Guo
- Guangxi Forestry Rearch Institute, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
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Muneera Parveen AB, Muthupandi M, Kumar N, Singh Chauhan S, Vellaichamy P, Senthamilselvam S, Rajasugunasekar D, Nagarajan B, Mayavel A, Waman Bachpai VK, Sivakumar V, Ghosh Dasgupta M. Quantitative genetic analysis of wood property traits in biparental population of Eucalyptus camaldulensis × E. tereticornis. J Genet 2021; 100:46. [PMID: 34282737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus breeding programme mainly aims at increasing productivity associated with wood property traits which are suitable for different end uses. The principal challenge in this endeavor is to combine productivity with industrially relevant wood traits. In the present study, 23 hybrid clones derived from a biparental mapping population of Eucalyptus camaldulensis × E. tereticornis was assessed for six wood property traits across two sites in Tamil Nadu, India. The mean of most of the traits evaluated was consistently higher in Muthupettai, indicating significant site effect. Combined and location-wise analysis indicated additive genetic control of assessed traits. The stability of acoustic velocity in study sites, negligible G × E interaction and significant correlation with dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMoE) implies its use in selecting trees/logs for solid wood properties. Combined analysis of locations revealed low to moderate heritability (0.294-0.439) for all the traits with H2 being highest for cellulose per cent (0.439) followed by acoustic velocity (0.416). Genetic advance was calculated and was the highest for diameter (10.47%) followed by DMoE (9.19%). The two major chemical constituents of wood, namely total lignin and cellulose per cent showed 7.13% and 7.53% advancement in the hybrids. The out-performance of several hybrid clones when compared to the parents for different wood traits reiterates the use of Eucalyptus hybrids in plantation programmes to improve quality of raw material suitable for industrial application.
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Tahara K, Nishiguchi M, Funke E, Miyazawa SI, Miyama T, Milkowski C. Dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenases involved in gallate biosynthesis of the aluminum-tolerant tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Planta 2020; 253:3. [PMID: 33346890 PMCID: PMC7752791 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus camaldulensis EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 combine gallate formation, dehydroquinate dehydratase, and shikimate dehydrogenase activities. They are candidates for providing the essential gallate for the biosynthesis of the aluminum-detoxifying metabolite oenothein B. The tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis shows exceptionally high tolerance against aluminum, a widespread toxic metal in acidic soils. In the roots of E. camaldulensis, aluminum is detoxified via the complexation with oenothein B, a hydrolyzable tannin. In our approach to elucidate the biosynthesis of oenothein B, we here report on the identification of E. camaldulensis enzymes that catalyze the formation of gallate, which is the phenolic constituent of hydrolyzable tannins. By systematical screening of E. camaldulensis dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenases (EcDQD/SDHs), we found two enzymes, EcDQD/SDH2 and 3, catalyzing the NADP+-dependent oxidation of 3-dehydroshikimate to produce gallate. Based on extensive in vitro assays using recombinant EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 enzymes, we present for the first time a detailed characterization of the enzymatic gallate formation activity, including the cofactor preferences, pH optima, and kinetic constants. Sequence analyses and structure modeling suggest the gallate formation activity of EcDQD/SDHs is based on the reorientation of 3-dehydroshikimate in the catalytic center, which facilitates the proton abstraction from the C5 position. Additionally, EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 maintain DQD and SDH activities, resulting in a 3-dehydroshikimate supply for gallate formation. In E. camaldulensis, EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 are co-expressed with UGT84A25a/b and UGT84A26a/b involved in hydrolyzable tannin biosynthesis. We further identified EcDQD/SDH1 as a "classical" bifunctional plant shikimate pathway enzyme and EcDQD/SDH4a/b as functional quinate dehydrogenases of the NAD+/NADH-dependent clade. Our data indicate that in E. camaldulensis the enzymes EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 provide the essential gallate for the biosynthesis of the aluminum-detoxifying metabolite oenothein B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Tahara
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nishiguchi
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Evelyn Funke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyazawa
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyama
- Department of Disaster Prevention, Meteorology and Hydrology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Carsten Milkowski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- AGRIPOLY: International Graduate School in Agricultural and Polymer Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany.
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Zamaloa MC, Gandolfo MA, Nixon KC. 52 million years old Eucalyptus flower sheds more than pollen grains. Am J Bot 2020; 107:1763-1771. [PMID: 33274448 PMCID: PMC7839439 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Fossils provide fundamental evidence of the evolutionary processes that crafted today's biodiversity and consequently for understanding life on Earth. We report the finding of Myrtaceidites eucalyptoides pollen grains preserved within the anthers of a 52-million-year-old Eucalyptus flower collected at Laguna del Hunco locality of Argentinean Patagonia and discuss its implications in understanding the evolutionary history of the iconic Australian genus Eucalyptus. METHODS Pollen grains were extracted from the flower's anthers and were then observed under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The phylogenetic position of the fossil was investigated by adding pollen data to a previously published total-evidence matrix and analyzing it using parsimony. RESULTS We erect the species Eucalyptus xoshemium for the fossil flower. Pollen extracted from E. xoshemium belongs to the species Myrtaceidites eucalyptoides, which, until now, was only known as dispersed pollen. The numerous pollen grains recovered from the single flower allowed estimation of M. eucalyptoides' variability. Results of the phylogenetic analysis reinforce the position of this fossil within crown group Eucalyptus. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of these pollen grains within a Patagonian Eucalyptus fossil flower confirms the hypothesis that Myrtaceidites eucalyptoides represents fossil pollen in the Eucalyptus lineage, extends the geographic and stratigraphic fossil pollen record, and supports an earlier age for crown-group eucalypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Zamaloa
- Museo Paleontológico Egidio FeruglioAvda. Fontana 140Trelew, Chubut9100Argentina
| | - Maria A. Gandolfo
- LH Bailey HortoriumPlant Biology SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Kevin C. Nixon
- LH Bailey HortoriumPlant Biology SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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Santos SA, Vidigal PMP, Guimarães LMS, Mafia RG, Templeton MD, Alfenas AC. Transcriptome analysis of Eucalyptus grandis genotypes reveals constitutive overexpression of genes related to rust (Austropuccinia psidii) resistance. Plant Mol Biol 2020; 104:339-357. [PMID: 32638297 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Key Message A resistant E. grandis genotype showed a constitutive overexpression of genes related to resistance to myrtle rust caused by A. psidii. Abstract Myrtle rust caused by Austropuccinia psidii is considered one of the most important fungal diseases affecting Eucalyptus spp. plantations in Brazil. Although the selection and planting of resistant eucalypt genotypes have been the major strategies to manage the disease in Brazil, the molecular mechanisms involved in resistance are still unclear. In this study, we evaluated the gene expression profile of two contrasting Eucalyptus grandis genotypes in resistance level to rust by RNA-Seq. The two genotypes showed a very different background gene expression level even without A. psidii infection. The resistant genotype had a constitutive overexpression of a large number of protein-coding genes compared to the susceptible genotype. These genes were mainly associated with signal transduction, photosynthesis, regulation and response to salicylic acid (SA), and protein kinase leucine-rich receptors (PK-LRR). PK-LRR and SA mediated disease resistance are well known to be effective against obligate biotroph pathogens, such as A. psidii. In addition, at 24 h after infection, the susceptible genotype was able to activate some response, however, several resistance-related proteins had their expression level reduced with A. psidii infection. Here, we present the first analysis of E. grandis genotypes transcriptomes infected by A. psidii and it reveals a constitutive overexpression of several resistance-related genes in the resistant genotype compared to the susceptible one. Our findings have the potential to be used as candidate molecular markers for resistance to myrtle rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Santos
- Laboratory of Forest Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Pedro M P Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lúcio M S Guimarães
- Laboratory of Forest Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Matthew D Templeton
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Acelino C Alfenas
- Laboratory of Forest Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
- Department of Plant Pathology, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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46
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Zhang J, Wu J, Guo M, Aslam M, Wang Q, Ma H, Li S, Zhang X, Cao S. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of Eucalyptus grandis HD-Zip gene family in response to salt and temperature stress. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:451. [PMID: 33004006 PMCID: PMC7528242 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HD-Zip transcription factors are unique to plants and play an essential role in plant growth, development and stress responses. The HD-Zip transcription factor family consists of a highly conserved homeodomain (HD) and a leucine zipper domain (LZ) domain. Although the HD-Zip gene family has been extensively studied in many plant species, a systematic study of the Eucalyptus HD-Zip family has not been reported until today. Here, we systematically identified 40 HD-Zip genes in Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis). Besides, we comprehensively analyzed the HD-Zips of Eucalyptus by studying the homology, conserved protein regions, gene structure, 3D structure of the protein, location of the genes on the chromosomes and the expression level of the genes in different tissues. RESULTS The HD-Zip family in Eucalyptus has four subfamilies, which is consistent with other plants such as Arabidopsis and rice. Moreover, genes that are in the same group tend to have similar exon-intron structures, motifs, and protein structures. Under salt stress and temperature stress, the Eucalyptus HD-Zip transcription factors show a differential expression pattern. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal the response of HD-Zip transcription factors under salt and temperature stresses, laying a foundation for future analysis of Eucalyptus HD-Zip transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jinzhang Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Mingliang Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Huayan Ma
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Shijiang Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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Sousa AO, Camillo LR, Assis ETCM, Lima NS, Silva GO, Kirch RP, Silva DC, Ferraz A, Pasquali G, Costa MGC. EgPHI-1, a PHOSPHATE-INDUCED-1 gene from Eucalyptus globulus, is involved in shoot growth, xylem fiber length and secondary cell wall properties. Planta 2020; 252:45. [PMID: 32880001 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION EgPHI-1 is a member of PHI-1/EXO/EXL protein family. Its overexpression in tobacco resulted in changes in biomass partitioning, xylem fiber length, secondary cell wall thickening and composition, and lignification. Here, we report the functional characterization of a PHOSPHATE-INDUCED PROTEIN 1 homologue showing differential expression in xylem cells from Eucalyptus species of contrasting phenotypes for wood quality and growth traits. Our results indicated that this gene is a member of the PHI-1/EXO/EXL family. Analysis of the promoter cis-acting regulatory elements and expression responses to different treatments revealed that the Eucalyptus globulus PHI-1 (EgPHI-1) is transcriptionally regulated by auxin, cytokinin, wounding and drought. EgPHI-1 overexpression in transgenic tobacco changed the partitioning of biomass, favoring its allocation to shoots in detriment of roots. The stem of the transgenic plants showed longer xylem fibers and reduced cellulose content, while the leaf xylem had enhanced secondary cell wall thickness. UV microspectrophotometry of individual cell wall layers of fibers and vessels has shown that the transgenic plants exhibit differences in the lignification of S2 layer in both cell types. Taken together, the results suggest that EgPHI-1 mediates the elongation of secondary xylem fibers, secondary cell wall thickening and composition, and lignification, making it an attractive target for biotechnological applications in forestry and biofuel crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurizangela O Sousa
- Centro Multidisciplinar do Campus de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia, 47850-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana R Camillo
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Elza Thaynara C M Assis
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália S Lima
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Genilson O Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Rochele P Kirch
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Delmira C Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - André Ferraz
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo- USP, Lorena, São Paulo, 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Pasquali
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marcio G C Costa
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil.
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Asao S, Hayes L, Aspinwall MJ, Rymer PD, Blackman C, Bryant CJ, Cullerne D, Egerton JJG, Fan Y, Innes P, Millar AH, Tucker J, Shah S, Wright IJ, Yvon-Durocher G, Tissue D, Atkin OK. Leaf trait variation is similar among genotypes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis from differing climates and arises in plastic responses to the seasons rather than water availability. New Phytol 2020; 227:780-793. [PMID: 32255508 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We used a widely distributed tree Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. camaldulensis to partition intraspecific variation in leaf functional traits to genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity. We examined if genotypic variation is related to the climate of genotype provenance and whether phenotypic plasticity maintains performance in a changing environment. Ten genotypes from different climates were grown in a common garden under watering treatments reproducing the wettest and driest edges of the subspecies' distribution. We measured functional traits reflecting leaf metabolism and associated with growth (respiration rate, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and leaf mass per area) and performance proxies (aboveground biomass and growth rate) each season over a year. Genotypic variation contributed substantially to the variation in aboveground biomass but much less in growth rate and leaf traits. Phenotypic plasticity was a large source of the variation in leaf traits and performance proxies and was greater among sampling dates than between watering treatments. The variation in leaf traits was weakly correlated to performance proxies, and both were unrelated to the climate of genotype provenance. Intraspecific variation in leaf traits arises similarly among genotypes in response to seasonal environmental variation, instead of long-term water availability or climate of genotype provenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Asao
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lucy Hayes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Paul D Rymer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Chris Blackman
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Callum J Bryant
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Darren Cullerne
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John J G Egerton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Peter Innes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Josephine Tucker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shahen Shah
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Mhoswa L, O'Neill MM, Mphahlele MM, Oates CN, Payn KG, Slippers B, Myburg AA, Naidoo S. A Genome-Wide Association Study for Resistance to the Insect Pest Leptocybe invasa in Eucalyptus grandis Reveals Genomic Regions and Positional Candidate Defense Genes. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:1285-1296. [PMID: 32379870 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The galling insect, Leptocybe invasa, causes significant losses in plantations of various Eucalyptus species and hybrids, threatening its economic viability. We applied a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with resistance to L. invasa. A total of 563 insect-challenged Eucalyptus grandis trees, from 61 half-sib families, were genotyped using the EUChip60K SNP chip, and we identified 15,445 informative SNP markers in the test population. Multi-locus mixed-model (MLMM) analysis identified 35 SNP markers putatively associated with resistance to L. invasa based on four discreet classes of insect damage scores: (0) not infested, (1) infested showing evidence of oviposition but no gall development, (2) infested with galls on leaves, midribs or petioles and (3) stunting and lethal gall formation. MLMM analysis identified three associated genomic regions on chromosomes 3, 7 and 8 jointly explaining 17.6% of the total phenotypic variation. SNP analysis of a validation population of 494 E. grandis trees confirmed seven SNP markers that were also detected in the initial association analysis. Based on transcriptome profiles of resistant and susceptible genotypes from an independent experiment, we identified several putative candidate genes in associated genomic loci including Nucleotide-binding ARC- domain (NB-ARC) and toll-interleukin-1-receptor-Nucleotide binding signal- Leucine rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) genes. Our results suggest that Leptocybe resistance in E. grandis may be influenced by a few large-effect loci in combination with minor effect loci segregating in our test and validation populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Mhoswa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Marja M O'Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Makobatjatji M Mphahlele
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Mondi South Africa, Forests Operations, Research and Development Department, Trahar Technology Centre-TTC, PO Box 12, Hilton 3245, South Africa
| | - Caryn N Oates
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Kitt G Payn
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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50
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Bartholomé J, Mabiala A, Burlett R, Bert D, Leplé JC, Plomion C, Gion JM. The pulse of the tree is under genetic control: eucalyptus as a case study. Plant J 2020; 103:338-356. [PMID: 32142191 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pulse of the tree (diurnal cycle of stem radius fluctuations) has been widely studied as a way of analyzing tree responses to the environment, including the phenotypic plasticity of tree-water relationships in particular. However, the genetic basis of this daily phenotype and its interplay with the environment remain largely unexplored. We characterized the genetic and environmental determinants of this response, by monitoring daily stem radius fluctuation (dSRF) on 210 trees from a Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis full-sib family over 2 years. The dSRF signal was broken down into hydraulic capacitance, assessed as the daily amplitude of shrinkage (DA), and net growth, estimated as the change in maximum radius between two consecutive days (ΔR). The environmental determinants of these two traits were clearly different: DA was positively correlated with atmospheric variables relating to water demand, while ΔR was associated with soil water content. The heritability for these two traits ranged from low to moderate over time, revealing a time-dependent or environment-dependent complex genetic determinism. We identified 686 and 384 daily quantitative trait loci (QTL) representing 32 and 31 QTL regions for DA and ΔR, respectively. The identification of gene networks underlying the 27 major genomics regions for both traits generated additional hypotheses concerning the biological mechanisms involved in response to water demand and supply. This study highlights that environmentally induced changes in daily stem radius fluctuation are genetically controlled in trees and suggests that these daily responses integrated over time shape the genetic architecture of mature traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Bartholomé
- BIOGECO, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 33610, Cestas, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Régis Burlett
- BIOGECO, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 33610, Cestas, France
| | - Didier Bert
- BIOGECO, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 33610, Cestas, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Marc Gion
- BIOGECO, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, 33610, Cestas, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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