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Wada KC, Hayashi A, Lee U, Tanabata T, Isobe S, Itoh H, Maeda H, Fujisako S, Kochi N. A Novel Method for Quantifying Plant Morphological Characteristics Using Normal Vectors and Local Curvature Data via 3D Modelling-A Case Study in Leaf Lettuce. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6825. [PMID: 37571608 PMCID: PMC10422436 DOI: 10.3390/s23156825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional measurement is a high-throughput method that can record a large amount of information. Three-dimensional modelling of plants has the possibility to not only automate dimensional measurement, but to also enable visual assessment to be quantified, eliminating ambiguity in human judgment. In this study, we have developed new methods that could be used for the morphological analysis of plants from the information contained in 3D data. Specifically, we investigated characteristics that can be measured by scale (dimension) and/or visual assessment by humans. The latter is particularly novel in this paper. The characteristics that can be measured on a scale-related dimension were tested based on the bounding box, convex hull, column solid, and voxel. Furthermore, for characteristics that can be evaluated by visual assessment, we propose a new method using normal vectors and local curvature (LC) data. For these examinations, we used our highly accurate all-around 3D plant modelling system. The coefficient of determination between manual measurements and the scale-related methods were all above 0.9. Furthermore, the differences in LC calculated from the normal vector data allowed us to visualise and quantify the concavity and convexity of leaves. This technique revealed that there were differences in the time point at which leaf blistering began to develop among the varieties. The precise 3D model made it possible to perform quantitative measurements of lettuce size and morphological characteristics. In addition, the newly proposed LC-based analysis method made it possible to quantify the characteristics that rely on visual assessment. This research paper was able to demonstrate the following possibilities as outcomes: (1) the automation of conventional manual measurements, and (2) the elimination of variability caused by human subjectivity, thereby rendering evaluations by skilled experts unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaede C Wada
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Research Center for Agricultural Robotics, Core Technology Research Headquarters, NARO, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
| | - Unseok Lee
- Research Center for Agricultural Robotics, Core Technology Research Headquarters, NARO, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
| | - Takanari Tanabata
- Department of Frontier Research Plant Genomics and Genetics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Sachiko Isobe
- Department of Frontier Research Plant Genomics and Genetics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hironori Itoh
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
| | - Hideki Maeda
- Center for Seeds and Seedlings, Nishinihon Station (NARO), Kasaoka 714-0054, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujisako
- Center for Seeds and Seedlings, Nishinihon Station (NARO), Kasaoka 714-0054, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kochi
- Research Center for Agricultural Robotics, Core Technology Research Headquarters, NARO, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
- Department of Frontier Research Plant Genomics and Genetics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
- R&D Initiative, Chuo University, Kasuga, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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Gang MS, Kim HJ, Kim DW. Estimation of Greenhouse Lettuce Growth Indices Based on a Two-Stage CNN Using RGB-D Images. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:5499. [PMID: 35898004 PMCID: PMC9331482 DOI: 10.3390/s22155499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth indices can quantify crop productivity and establish optimal environmental, nutritional, and irrigation control strategies. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model is presented for estimating various growth indices (i.e., fresh weight, dry weight, height, leaf area, and diameter) of four varieties of greenhouse lettuce using red, green, blue, and depth (RGB-D) data obtained using a stereo camera. Data from an online autonomous greenhouse challenge (Wageningen University, June 2021) were employed in this study. The data were collected using an Intel RealSense D415 camera. The developed model has a two-stage CNN architecture based on ResNet50V2 layers. The developed model provided coefficients of determination from 0.88 to 0.95, with normalized root mean square errors of 6.09%, 6.30%, 7.65%, 7.92%, and 5.62% for fresh weight, dry weight, height, diameter, and leaf area, respectively, on unknown lettuce images. Using red, green, blue (RGB) and depth data employed in the CNN improved the determination accuracy for all five lettuce growth indices due to the ability of the stereo camera to extract height information on lettuce. The average time for processing each lettuce image using the developed CNN model run on a Jetson SUB mini-PC with a Jetson Xavier NX was 0.83 s, indicating the potential for the model in fast real-time sensing of lettuce growth indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Gang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.-S.G.); (D.-W.K.)
- Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hak-Jin Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.-S.G.); (D.-W.K.)
- Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.-S.G.); (D.-W.K.)
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3
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Saito S, Oku N, Igarashi Y. Mycetoindole, an N-acyl dehydrotryptophan with plant growth inhibitory activity from an actinomycete of the genus Actinomycetospora. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:44-47. [PMID: 34522026 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rare actinomycetal strain of the genus Actinomycetospora was found to produce a new tryptophan derivative, designated mycetoindole (1). The structure of 1 was determined to be N-3-methylcrotonoyl (Z)-dehydrotryptophan by NMR and MS analytical methods. Compound 1 reduced the root growth of lettuce Lactuca sativa seedlings at concentrations above 0.1 μM and almost completely inhibited seed germination at 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Saito
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoya Oku
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan.
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Zhang L, Qian J, Han Y, Jia Y, Kuang H, Chen J. Alternative splicing triggered by the insertion of a CACTA transposon attenuates LsGLK and leads to the development of pale-green leaves in lettuce. Plant J 2022; 109:182-195. [PMID: 34724596 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. As a leafy vegetable, the polymorphism of lettuce leaves from dark to pale green is an important trait. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying such variations remain poorly understood. In this study, one major locus controlling the polymorphism of dark- and pale-green leaves in lettuce was identified using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This locus was then fine mapped to an interval of 5375 bp on chromosome 4 using a segregating population containing 2480 progeny. Only one gene, homologous to the GLK genes in Arabidopsis and other plants, is present in the candidate region. A complementation test confirmed that the candidate gene, LsGLK, contributes to the variation of dark- and pale-green leaves. Sequence analysis showed that a CACTA transposon of 7434 bp was inserted 10 bp downstream of the stop codon of LsGLK, followed by a duplication of a 1826-bp fragment covering exons 3-6 of the LsGLK gene. The transposon insertion did not change the expression level of the LsGLK gene. However, because of alternative splicing, only 6% of the transcripts produced from the transposon insertion were wild-type transcripts, which led to the production of pale-green leaves. An evolutionary analysis revealed that the insertion of the CACTA transposon occurred in cultivated lettuce and might have been selected in particular cultivars to satisfy the diverse demands of consumers. In this study, we demonstrated that a transposon insertion near a gene may affect its splicing and consequently generate phenotypic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Jinlong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Yuting Han
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Hanhui Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Jiongjiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
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Underwood CJ, Vijverberg K, Rigola D, Okamoto S, Oplaat C, Camp RHMOD, Radoeva T, Schauer SE, Fierens J, Jansen K, Mansveld S, Busscher M, Xiong W, Datema E, Nijbroek K, Blom EJ, Bicknell R, Catanach A, Erasmuson S, Winefield C, van Tunen AJ, Prins M, Schranz ME, van Dijk PJ. A PARTHENOGENESIS allele from apomictic dandelion can induce egg cell division without fertilization in lettuce. Nat Genet 2022; 54:84-93. [PMID: 34992267 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis, the clonal formation of seeds, is a rare yet widely distributed trait in flowering plants. We have isolated the PARTHENOGENESIS (PAR) gene from apomictic dandelion that triggers embryo development in unfertilized egg cells. PAR encodes a K2-2 zinc finger, EAR-domain protein. Unlike the recessive sexual alleles, the dominant PAR allele is expressed in egg cells and has a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) transposon insertion in the promoter. The MITE-containing promoter can invoke a homologous gene from sexual lettuce to complement dandelion LOSS OF PARTHENOGENESIS mutants. A similar MITE is also present in the promoter of the PAR gene in apomictic forms of hawkweed, suggesting a case of parallel evolution. Heterologous expression of dandelion PAR in lettuce egg cells induced haploid embryo-like structures in the absence of fertilization. Sexual PAR alleles are expressed in pollen, suggesting that the gene product releases a block on embryogenesis after fertilization in sexual species while in apomictic species PAR expression triggers embryogenesis in the absence of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Underwood
- Keygene N.V., Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kitty Vijverberg
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Shunsuke Okamoto
- Keygene N.V., Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Takii & Co. Ltd, Plant Breeding and Experiment Station, Konan Shiga, Japan
| | - Carla Oplaat
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- National Reference Centre of Plant Health, National Plant Protection Organization, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Kim Jansen
- Keygene N.V., Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Busscher
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Xiong
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ross Bicknell
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Catanach
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Sylvia Erasmuson
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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da Silva AJ, Clarindo WR, Simiqueli GF, Praça-Fontes MM, Mendes LA, Martins GF, Borém A. Short-term changes related to autotetraploidy in essential oil composition of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage and its applications in different bioassays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24408. [PMID: 34949763 PMCID: PMC8702542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Some forest trees have been polyploidized to improve their traits and to supply new germplasms for breeding programs. As trees have a long juvenile stage, the early characterization of the chromosome set doubling effects is crucial for previous selection. Thus, we aimed to characterize the chemical variability of essential oils from diploid and autotetraploid germplasms (autotetraploid A and B) of Eucalyptus benthamii, as well as to evaluate their larvicidal and allelopathic effects. Autotetraploid A showed a higher essential oil yield than diploid and autotetraploid B, which did not differ quantitatively. Aromadendrene, viridiflorol and α-pinene were the major compounds in the diploid essential oil. In contrast, compounds were present in autotetraploids, such as 1,8-cineole, limonene, α-terpineol, and α-terpinyl-acetate. Essential oils from the diploid at 50-200 ppm were twice as larvicidal than those from autotetraploids against Aedes aegypti larvae. Considering the phytotoxicity bioassays using Lactuca sativa, essential oils from both ploidy levels affected root growth. Moreover, the essential oils inhibited shoot growth at all concentrations tested (187.5; 375; 750; 1500; and 3000 ppm). Autotetraploid A and B had the same effect on shoot growth as glyphosate. The essential oils had no cytogenotoxic effect on root meristematic cells of L. sativa, whereas phytotoxic potential was identified mainly in shoot growth. This work demonstrated a dramatic change in secondary metabolism (terpene composition) related to an increase in the ploidy level in Eucalyptus germplasms. In addition, we report the novelty of the chemical composition of essential oils among germplasms and their potential use as larvicidal and post-emergence weed control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junior da Silva
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiza Alves Mendes
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Aluízio Borém
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
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Hao J, Li Y, Jia Y, Wang Z, Rong R, Bao J, Zhao M, Fu Z, Ge G. Comparative Analysis of Major Flavonoids among Parts of Lactuca indica during Different Growth Periods. Molecules 2021; 26:7445. [PMID: 34946527 PMCID: PMC8705863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
L. indica L. cv. Mengzao, a medicinal plant of the Ixeris genus, is rich in flavonoids. In order to thoroughly analyze the the distribution and dynamic change of major flavonoids in its various parts from different growth periods, the flavonoids extracted from L. indica L. cv. Mengzao were identified and quantitatively analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated that 15 flavonoids were identified from L. indica L. cv. Mengzao, and rutin, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and apigenin are the major flavonoids in L. indica L. cv. Mengzao. In general, the total flavonoids' content in different parts of L. indica L. cv. Mengzao followed the order flowers > leaves > stems > roots. Flowers and leaves are the main harvesting parts of L. indica L. cv. Mengzao, and the flowering period is the most suitable harvesting period. This study provides valuable information for the development and utilization of L. indica L. cv. Mengzao and determined the best part to harvest and the optimal time for harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Hao
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Hinggan League Forestry and Grassland Workstation, Ulanhot 137499, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Muqier Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Zhihui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
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Durán A, Celaj O, Macías FA, Simonet AM. Dereplication of Bioactive Spirostane Saponins from Agave macroacantha. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2904-2913. [PMID: 34670365 PMCID: PMC8630797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A dereplication strategy using UPLC-QTOF/MSE, the HMAI method, and NMR spectroscopy led to the identification of five main steroidal saponins (1-5), including three previously unknown compounds named macroacanthosides A-C (3-5), in a bioactive fraction of Agave macroacantha. The major saponins were isolated, and some of them together with the saponin-rich fraction were then evaluated for phytotoxicity on a standard target species, Lactuca sativa. The inhibition values exhibited by the pure compounds were confirmed to be in agreement with the phytotoxicity of the saponin-rich fraction, which suggests that the saponin fraction could be applied successfully as an agrochemical without undergoing any further costly and/or time-consuming purification processes. The NMR data of the pure compounds as well as of those corresponding to the same compounds in the fraction were comparable, which indicated that the main saponins could be identified by means of this replication workflow and that no standards are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra
G. Durán
- Allelopathy
Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules
(INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Odeta Celaj
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche −
DiSTABiF, Universitá degli Studi
della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francisco A. Macías
- Allelopathy
Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules
(INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ana M. Simonet
- Allelopathy
Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules
(INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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Georgiou A, Sieber S, Hsiao CC, Grayfer T, Gorenflos López JL, Gademann K, Eberl L, Bailly A. Leaf nodule endosymbiotic Burkholderia confer targeted allelopathy to their Psychotria hosts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22465. [PMID: 34789815 PMCID: PMC8599487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After a century of investigations, the function of the obligate betaproteobacterial endosymbionts accommodated in leaf nodules of tropical Rubiaceae remained enigmatic. We report that the α-D-glucose analogue (+)-streptol, systemically supplied by mature Ca. Burkholderia kirkii nodules to their Psychotria hosts, exhibits potent and selective root growth inhibiting activity. We provide compelling evidence that (+)-streptol specifically affects meristematic root cells transitioning to anisotropic elongation by disrupting cell wall organization in a mechanism of action that is distinct from canonical cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors. We observed no inhibitory or cytotoxic effects on organisms other than seed plants, further suggesting (+)-streptol as a bona fide allelochemical. We propose that the suppression of growth of plant competitors is a major driver of the formation and maintenance of the Psychotria-Burkholderia association. In addition to potential agricultural applications as a herbicidal agent, (+)-streptol might also prove useful to dissect plant cell and organ growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antri Georgiou
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chien-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tatyana Grayfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob L Gorenflos López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Aurélien Bailly
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Parada F, Ercilla-Montserrat M, Arcas-Pilz V, Lopez-Capel E, Carazo N, Montero JI, Gabarrell X, Villalba G, Rieradevall J, Muñoz P. Comparison of organic substrates in urban rooftop agriculture, towards improving crop production resilience to temporary drought in Mediterranean cities. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5888-5897. [PMID: 33797092 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban agriculture contributes to meeting the growing food production demand in cities. In the context of low water availability, it is important to consider alternatives that are able to maintain production. Through a circular economy vision, this study aimed to assess the use of substrates made from local materials as an alternative for urban agriculture in periods of low water availability, due to water supply cuts. The substrates used were coir commercial organic substrate, vegetable compost from urban organic waste and perlite commercial standard substrate; a mixture of the urban compost and perlite (1:1) was used for three consecutive crop cycles of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa). The crop cycles were performed in the spring and summer periods of 2018 to observe the performance during warmer periods of the year in an integrated rooftop greenhouse near Barcelona. Each substrate was assessed under conventional irrigation (0-5 kPa) and temporary water restricted conditions (irrigation stopped until the water tension reached -20 kPa perlite). RESULTS In terms of yield, our results show that the compost and mixture were similar to those obtained from perlite (11.5% and 3.7% more production under restricted water conditions). Organic substrates increased the crop's resilience to water restriction, in contrast to the perlite. In particular, water loss took longer in coir (one- and two-crop cycle); however, when dryness began, it occurred quickly. CONCLUSION The vegetable compost and the substrate mixture presented tolerance to temporary water restriction when water restriction reached -20 kPa. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Parada
- Sostenipra Research Group 3.0 2017SGR 1683, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Ercilla-Montserrat
- Sostenipra Research Group 3.0 2017SGR 1683, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Arcas-Pilz
- Sostenipra Research Group 3.0 2017SGR 1683, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Lopez-Capel
- School of Natural and Environmental, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Núria Carazo
- Department of Agri Food Engineering and Biotechnology (DEAB), Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC), Campus del Baix Llobregat, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Juan I Montero
- Sostenipra Research Group 3.0 2017SGR 1683, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gabarrell
- Sostenipra Research Group 3.0 2017SGR 1683, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biological and Environmental, School of Engineering, Building Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gara Villalba
- Sostenipra Research Group 3.0 2017SGR 1683, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biological and Environmental, School of Engineering, Building Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Rieradevall
- Sostenipra Research Group 3.0 2017SGR 1683, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Muñoz
- Sostenipra Research Group 3.0 2017SGR 1683, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biological and Environmental, School of Engineering, Building Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang B, Tong Y, Luo K, Zhai Z, Liu X, Shi Z, Zhang D, Li D. Identification of GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR transcription factors in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) genome and functional analysis of LsaGRF5 in leaf size regulation. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:485. [PMID: 34688264 PMCID: PMC8539887 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs), a type of plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. Although GRF gene family has been identified in various plant species, a genome-wide analysis of this family in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has not been reported yet. RESULTS Here we identified 15 GRF genes in lettuce and performed comprehensive analysis of them, including chromosomal locations, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Through phylogenic analysis, we divided LsaGRFs into six groups. Transactivation assays and subcellular localization of LsaGRF5 showed that this protein is likely to act as a transcriptional factor in the cell nucleus. Furthermore, transgenic lettuce lines overexpressing LsaGRF5 exhibited larger leaves, while smaller leaves were observed in LsaMIR396a overexpression lines, in which LsaGRF5 was down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS These results in lettuce provide insight into the molecular mechanism of GRF gene family in regulating leaf growth and development and foundational information for genetic improvement of the lettuce variations specialized in leaf character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Yanan Tong
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Kangsheng Luo
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Zhaodong Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Zhenying Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Dechun Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China.
| | - Dayong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
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Rosental L, Still DW, You Y, Hayes RJ, Simko I. Mapping and identification of genetic loci affecting earliness of bolting and flowering in lettuce. Theor Appl Genet 2021; 134:3319-3337. [PMID: 34196730 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Photoperiod and temperature conditions elicit different genetic regulation over lettuce bolting and flowering. This study identifies environment-specific QTLs and putative genes and provides information for genetic marker assay. Bolting, defined as stem elongation, marks the plant life cycle transition from vegetative to reproductive stage. Lettuce is grown for its leaf rosettes, and premature bolting may reduce crop quality resulting in economic losses. The transition to reproductive stage is a complex process that involves many genetic and environmental factors. In this study, the effects of photoperiod and ambient temperature on bolting and flowering regulation were studied by utilizing a lettuce mapping population to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and by gene expression analyses of genotypes with contrasting phenotypes. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from a cross between PI 251246 (early bolting) and cv. Salinas (late bolting), was grown in four combinations of short (8 h) and long (16 h) days and low (20 °C) and high (35 °C) temperature. QTL models revealed both genetic (G) and environmental (E) effects, and GxE interactions. A major QTL for bolting and flowering time was found on chromosome 7 (qFLT7.2), and two candidate genes were identified by fine mapping, homology, and gene expression studies. In short days and high temperature conditions, qFLT7.2 had no effect on plant development, while several small-effect loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9 were associated with bolting and flowering. Of these, the QTL on chromosome 2, qBFr2.1, co-located with the Flowering Locus T (LsFT) gene. Polymorphisms between parent genotypes in the promotor region may explain identified gene expression differences and were used to design a genetic marker which may be used to identify the late bolting trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Rosental
- Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salinas, CA, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - David W Still
- Agriculture Research Institute, California State University, Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Youngsook You
- Department of Plant Sciences, Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Ryan J Hayes
- Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salinas, CA, USA
- Agricultural Research Service, Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ivan Simko
- Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Salinas, CA, USA.
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Kurunc A. Effects of water and salinity stresses on growth, yield, and water use of iceberg lettuce. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5688-5696. [PMID: 33786828 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity and drought stresses have become widespread in many regions of the world. Although there are several studies, their findings about the response of lettuce to water and salinity stresses are contradictory. This paper therefore aims to evaluate the effects of water deficit and irrigation water salinity on growth, yield, and water consumption of iceberg lettuce. For these purposes, two experiments were carried out under Mediterranean conditions. RESULTS The water yield response factors (Ky ) determined for the lettuce plant grown under stress conditions caused by water (Ky = 1.69) and irrigation water salinity (Ky = 2.62) were quite different from each other. The classical salinity tolerance model did not reflect the results accurately because the fresh yield and plant water consumption of lettuce increased sharply with increasing soil salinity up to 2.17 dS m-1 and then decreased slightly after this value. Thus, a new model was created to reflect both the increase and decrease in fresh yield. The actual salt tolerance model for iceberg lettuce plant showed that the optimum salinity is 1.84 dS m-1 with relative yield decreases of 8.26 and 22.7% per unit salinity increase above and below the optimum salinity level, respectively. CONCLUSION Lettuce fresh yield at soil salinity below the optimum salinity experienced greater reduction than at soil salinity above the optimum value. The results reveal that the use of low-salinity irrigation water should be preferred to increase fresh yield in iceberg lettuce cultivation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kurunc
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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14
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Yadav DR, Adhikari M, Kim SW, Kim HS, Lee YS. Suppression of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae and Growth Promotion on Lettuce Using Bacterial Isolates. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1241-1255. [PMID: 34373438 PMCID: PMC9705851 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2104.04026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to explore a non-chemical strategy for enhancing productivity by employing some antagonistic rhizobacteria. One hundred eighteen bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizospheric zone of various crop fields of Gangwon-do, Korea, and screened for antifungal activity against Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae) in lettuce crop under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In broth-based dual culture assay, fourteen bacterial isolates showed significant inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporium f. sp. lactucae. All of the antagonistic isolates were further characterized for the antagonistic traits under in vitro conditions. The isolates were identified on the basis of biochemical characteristics and confirmed at their species level by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Arthrobacter sulfonivorans, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas proteolytica, four Paenibacillus peoriae strains, and Bacillus subtilis were identified from the biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The isolates EN21 and EN23 showed significant decrease in disease severity on lettuce compared to infected control and other bacterial treatments under greenhouse conditions. Two bacterial isolates, EN4 and EN21, were evaluated to assess their disease reduction and growth promotion in lettuce in field conditions. The consortium of EN4 and EN21 showed significant enhancement of growth on lettuce by suppressing disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae respectively. This study clearly indicates that the promising isolates, EN4 (P. proteolytica) and EN21 (Bacillus siamensis), can be commercialized and used as biofertilizer and/or biopesticide for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dil Raj Yadav
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Adhikari
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Kim
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Su Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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15
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Sawatdee S, Prommuak C, Jarunglumlert T, Pavasant P, Flood AE. Combined effects of cations in fertilizer solution on antioxidant content in red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4632-4642. [PMID: 33474734 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red lettuce is consumed worldwide because it is a great source of natural antioxidants. To design a fertilizer formula to boost its nutritional value, this research simultaneously studied the effects of significant cations among the macronutrients for plant growth (K, Mg and Ca) and the effects of the electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution on phenolic compound production and mass productivity of hydroponically grown red lettuce. RESULTS Red lettuce grown under the control treatment provided the highest mass productivity (under low-stress conditions). The highest antioxidant content, measured as milligrams of phenolic compounds per gram dry weight (at a high-stress condition) via both Folin-Ciocalteu and HPLC analyses, was observed in growth media containing 100 ppmK : 20 ppm Mg : 70 ppm Ca (with EC equal to 1241 μS cm-1 ). It was found that EC within the range of this examination had no significant effect on the mass productivity or on phenolic compound productivity. The phenolic compound productivity, defined as the amount of phenolic compounds produced per unit of planting area per unit of time, was optimized with the optimum formula for maximum phenolic compound productivity of 90 ppm K : 29 ppm Mg : 77 ppm Ca, or a corresponding EC of 1307 μS cm-1 . CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that health-promoting nutrient production in red lettuce could be stimulated in a practical manner by adjusting the cation concentrations in fertilizer solution. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopanat Sawatdee
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Chattip Prommuak
- Energy Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teeraya Jarunglumlert
- King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus), Rayong, Thailand
| | | | - Adrian E Flood
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
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He J, Jawahir NKB, Qin L. Quantity of supplementary LED lightings regulates photosynthetic apparatus, improves photosynthetic capacity and enhances productivity of Cos lettuce grown in a tropical greenhouse. Photosynth Res 2021; 149:187-199. [PMID: 33475915 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although cooling their rootzone allows year-round (temperate) vegetable production in Singapore's warm climate, these crops have frequently experienced increasingly unpredictable cloudy and hazy weather. Supplementary lighting with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could be used to reduce the impacts of low light intensity. This study investigated the responses of temperate Cos lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to different quantities (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD of 0, 150, 300 µmol m-2 s-1) of supplementary LED lightings in the tropical greenhouse. Increasing light intensity significantly increased total leaf area, shoot and root fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), total chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) contents, light-saturated photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (Asat) and transpiration rate (Tr). There were no significant differences in Fv/Fm ratio, total reduced nitrogen, specific leaf area (SLA) and PSII concentration among the three light treatments. However, there was an increasing trend with increasing light intensity for Chl a/b ratio, net photosynthetic O2 evolution rate (PN), cytochrome b6f (Cyt b6f), leaf total soluble protein and Rubisco concentrations. This study provides the basic understanding of photosynthetic apparatus and capacity of temperate crops grown under different supplementary LED lightings in the tropical greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
| | - Nur Khairunnisa Bte Jawahir
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Lin Qin
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
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Choi SH, Lee MH, Jin DM, Ju SJ, Ahn WS, Jie EY, Lee JM, Lee J, Kim CY, Kim SW. TSA Promotes CRISPR/Cas9 Editing Efficiency and Expression of Cell Division-Related Genes from Plant Protoplasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7817. [PMID: 34360584 PMCID: PMC8346083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA) is a representative histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that modulates epigenetic gene expression by regulation of chromatin remodeling in cells. To investigate whether the regulation of chromatin de-condensation by TSA can affect the increase in the efficiency of Cas9 protein-gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) indel formation from plant cells, genome editing efficiency using lettuce and tobacco protoplasts was examined after several concentrations of TSA treatments (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM). RNP delivery from protoplasts was conducted by conventional polyethylene glycol (PEG) transfection protocols. Interestingly, the indel frequency of the SOC1 gene from TSA treatments was about 3.3 to 3.8 times higher than DMSO treatment in lettuce protoplasts. The TSA-mediated increase of indel frequency of the SOC1 gene in lettuce protoplasts occurred in a concentration-dependent manner, although there was not much difference. Similar to lettuce, TSA also increased the indel frequency by 1.5 to 1.8 times in a concentration-dependent manner during PDS genome editing using tobacco protoplasts. The MNase test clearly showed that chromatin accessibility with TSA treatments was higher than that of DMSO treatment. Additionally, TSA treatment significantly increased the level of histone H3 and H4 acetylation from lettuce protoplasts. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that expression of cell division-related genes (LsCYCD1-1, LsCYCD3-2, LsCYCD6-1, and LsCYCU4-1) was increased by TSA treatment. These findings could contribute to increasing the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Furthermore, this could be applied for the development of useful genome-edited crops using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with plant protoplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.M.J.); (S.J.J.); (W.S.A.); (E.Y.J.); (J.M.L.); (J.L.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Myoung Hui Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Da Mon Jin
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.M.J.); (S.J.J.); (W.S.A.); (E.Y.J.); (J.M.L.); (J.L.); (C.Y.K.)
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Su Ji Ju
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.M.J.); (S.J.J.); (W.S.A.); (E.Y.J.); (J.M.L.); (J.L.); (C.Y.K.)
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Ahn
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.M.J.); (S.J.J.); (W.S.A.); (E.Y.J.); (J.M.L.); (J.L.); (C.Y.K.)
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Eun Yee Jie
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.M.J.); (S.J.J.); (W.S.A.); (E.Y.J.); (J.M.L.); (J.L.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.M.J.); (S.J.J.); (W.S.A.); (E.Y.J.); (J.M.L.); (J.L.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.M.J.); (S.J.J.); (W.S.A.); (E.Y.J.); (J.M.L.); (J.L.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.M.J.); (S.J.J.); (W.S.A.); (E.Y.J.); (J.M.L.); (J.L.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (S.H.C.); (D.M.J.); (S.J.J.); (W.S.A.); (E.Y.J.); (J.M.L.); (J.L.); (C.Y.K.)
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Ocampos FMM, de Souza AJB, Antar GM, Wouters FC, Colnago LA. Phytotoxicity of Schiekia timida Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones. Molecules 2021; 26:4197. [PMID: 34299471 PMCID: PMC8304753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylphenalenones, metabolites found in Schiekia timida (Haemodoraceae), are a class of specialized metabolites with many biological activities, being phytoalexins in banana plants. In the constant search to solve the problem of glyphosate and to avoid resistance to commercial herbicides, this work aimed to investigate the phytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of S. timida seeds. The chemical composition of the seed extract was directly investigated by NMR and UPLC-QToF MS and the pre- and post-emergence phytotoxic effect on a eudicotyledonous model (Lactuca sativa) and a monocotyledonous model (Allium cepa) was evaluated through germination and seedling growth tests. Three concentrations of the extract (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/mL) were prepared, and four replicates for each of them were analyzed. Three major phenylphenalenones were identified by NMR spectroscopy: 4-hydroxy-anigorufone, methoxyanigorufone, and anigorufone, two of those reported for the first time in S. timida. The presence of seven other phenylphenalenones was suggested by the LC-MS analyses. The phenylphenalenone mixture did not affect the germination rate, but impaired radicle and hypocotyl growth on both models. The effect in the monocotyledonous model was statistically similar to glyphosate in the lowest concentration (0.25 mg/mL). Therefore, although more research on this topic is required to probe this first report, this investigation suggests for the first time that phenylphenalenone compounds may be post-emergence herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Julia Borim de Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Bauru CEP 17033-360, SP, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Medeiros Antar
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butantã, São Paulo CEP 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
| | - Felipe Christoff Wouters
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
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Wang L, Wu Y, Du W, Yan Z, Qi Z, Tang W, Han Y, Liu C, Fan S, Hao J. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) analysis shows involvement of the LsSTPK gene in lettuce ( Lactuca sativaL.) in high temperature-induced bolting. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1913845. [PMID: 33955335 PMCID: PMC8205037 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1913845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effect of the serine/threonine protein kinase (STPK) gene on leaf lettuce bolting, we utilized virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) using the TRV vector to silence the target gene. The 'GB30' leaf lettuce cultivar was the test material, and the methods included gene cloning, bioinformatics analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and VIGS. LsSTPK, was cloned from the 'GB30' leaf lettuce cultivar via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of LsSTPK in the stem of leaf lettuce was significantly greater than that in the roots and leaves, and after high-temperature treatment, the gene expression in the stems in the experimental group was markedly lower than that in the control groups. Following LsSTPK silencing via the VIGS method, the stem length in the treatment group was significantly greater than that in the blank and negative control groups, and the contents of auxin (IAA), GA3 and abscisic acid (ABA) in the treatment group were greater than those in the other two groups. Flower bud differentiation occurred in the treatment group but not in the control group. The above findings suggested that LsSTPK inhibits the bolting of leaf lettuce under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Yan
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Zhengyang Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkun Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangxi Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Ma Y, Jiao C, Liu M, Luo W, Dong C, Fan S, He X, Yang F, Zhang Z. Comparative toxicity of rod-shaped nano-CeO2 and nano-CePO4 to lettuce. Metallomics 2021; 13:mfab033. [PMID: 34100933 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of morphology on the biological effects of nanomaterials (NMs) has not been well understood. In the present study, we compared the phytotoxicity of rod-shaped nano-cerium dioxide (R-CeO2) and nano-cerium phosphate (R-CePO4) to lettuce plants. The results showed that R-CeO2 significantly inhibited the root elongation of lettuce, induced oxidative damages, and caused cell death, while R-CePO4 was nontoxic to lettuce. The different distribution and speciation of Ce in plant tissues were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) combined with linear combination fitting (LCF). The results showed that in the R-CeO2 group, part of Ce was transformed from Ce(IV) to Ce(III), while only Ce(III) was present in the R-CePO4 group. When interacting with plants, R-CeO2 is easier to be dissolved and transformed than R-CePO4, which might be the reason for their different phytotoxicity. Although both are Ce-based NMs and have the same morphology, the toxicity of R-CeO2 seems to come from the released Ce3+ ions rather than its shape. This research emphasizes the importance of chemical composition and reactivity of NMs to their toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health & Environment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlei Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Wenhe Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaonan Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shixian Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao He
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health & Environment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health & Environment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Karnoutsos P, Karagiovanidis M, Bantis F, Chatzistathis T, Koukounaras A, Ntinas GK. Controlled root-zone temperature effect on baby leaf vegetables yield and quality in a floating system under mild and extreme weather conditions. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3933-3941. [PMID: 33348451 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A floating system is a suitable low-cost hydroponic method for growing baby leaf vegetables. Among other, an important characteristic of the system is the use of large volume of nutrient solution which is characterized by high heat capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different root-zone temperatures on baby leaves of lettuce and rocket plants grown in a floating system under mild (spring) or extreme environmental conditions (summer and winter). RESULTS Root-zone temperature was recorded in two tanks, one powered by a photovoltaic system and one where root-zone temperature was not controlled - this was used as a control tank. Photosynthetic parameters, yield, nutritional quality, and mineral composition were determined. In both baby leaf vegetables, during extreme weather conditions, yield was higher in the tanks with controlled root-zone temperature conditions than the control (+18.9% for rocket, and + 31.4% for baby lettuce), while quality parameters and chemical composition were not significantly affected. Stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis values were positively affected only during summer. On the other hand, control of root-zone temperature under mild weather conditions had no significant effect on baby lettuce and rocket. CONCLUSION Control of the root-zone temperature could be a useful tool to improve productivity for baby lettuce and rocket crops cultivated in floating systems under extreme weather conditions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Karnoutsos
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thessaloniki, Greece
- IntelAgro, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Karagiovanidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thessaloniki, Greece
- IntelAgro, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Filippos Bantis
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theocharis Chatzistathis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios K Ntinas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Lee ON, Fukushima K, Park HY, Kawabata S. QTL Analysis of Stem Elongation and Flowering Time in Lettuce Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:947. [PMID: 34205694 PMCID: PMC8234873 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce plants tend to undergo floral initiation by elongation of flower stalks (bolting) under high-temperature and long-day conditions, which is a serious problem for summer lettuce production. Our objective was to generate a high-density genetic map using SNPs obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis of F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and to map QTLs involved in stem growth and flowering time in lettuce. A set of 127 intra-specific RIL mapping populations derived from a cross between two varieties, green and red leaf lettuce, were used to identify QTLs related to the number of days from sowing to bolting (DTB), to flowering of the first flower (DTF), to seed-setting of the first flower (DTS), and the total number of leaves (LN), plant height (PH), and total number of branches of main inflorescence (BN) for two consecutive years. Of the 15 QTLs detected, one that controls DTB, DTF, DTS, LN, and PH detected on LG 7, and another QTL that controls DTF, DTS, and PH detected on LG 1. Analysis of the genomic sequence corresponding to the QTL detected on LG 7 led to the identification of 22 putative candidate genes. A consistent QTL related to bolting and flowering time, and corresponding candidate genes has been reported. This study will be valuable in revealing the genetic basis of stem growth and flowering time in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- O New Lee
- Department of Bio-Industrial and Bioresource, Sejong University, Neungdong-ro 209, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Keita Fukushima
- Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Han Yong Park
- Department of Bio-Industrial and Bioresource, Sejong University, Neungdong-ro 209, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.F.); (S.K.)
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Osman A, Imbabi TA, El-Hadary A, Sabeq II, Edris SN, Merwad AR, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Mohammadein A, Sitohy M. Health Aspects, Growth Performance, and Meat Quality of Rabbits Receiving Diets Supplemented with Lettuce Fertilized with Whey Protein Hydrolysate Substituting Nitrate. Biomolecules 2021; 11:835. [PMID: 34205142 PMCID: PMC8227087 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was grown using a foliar spray with whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) as opposed to normal nitrate fertilization. Lettuce juice was prepared from lettuce cultivated without any fertilization, nitrate fertilization, or WPH. Sixty weaned, 4-week-old male V-line rabbits with an average 455 ± 6 g body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15) and administered different lettuce juices. Rabbits administered WPH-fertilized lettuce showed significantly higher (n = 5, p < 0.05) body weight and carcass weight than those receiving nitrate-fertilized lettuce. Rabbits administered nitrate-fertilized lettuce were associated with significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT, and ALP), bilirubin (total, direct, and indirect), and kidney biomarkers (creatinine, urea, and uric acid). Rabbits administered WPH-fertilized lettuce avoided such increases and exhibited normal levels of serum proteins. Rabbits administered nitrate-fertilized lettuce manifested significantly (p < 0.05) lower RBCs and Hb levels than that of the other groups, while those receiving WPH-fertilized lettuce showed the highest levels. Liver and kidney sections of rabbits receiving WPH-fertilized lettuce witnessed the absence of the histopathological changes induced by feeding on nitrate-fertilized lettuce and produced higher quality meat. WPH-lettuce can substitute nitrate-fertilized lettuce in feeding rabbits for better performance and health aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Tharwat A. Imbabi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha Univerisity, Benha 13736, Egypt;
| | - Abdalla El-Hadary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt;
| | - Islam Ibrahim Sabeq
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt; (I.I.S.); (S.N.E.)
| | - Shimaa N. Edris
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt; (I.I.S.); (S.N.E.)
| | - Abdel-Rahaman Merwad
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amaal Mohammadein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
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de Almeida AP, Macrae A, Ribeiro BD, do Nascimento RP. Decolorization and detoxification of different azo dyes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME-446 under submerged fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:727-738. [PMID: 33694059 PMCID: PMC8105446 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Azo dyes are widely used in the textile industry due to their resistance to light, moisture, and oxidants. They are also an important class of environmental contaminant because of the amount of dye that reaches natural water resources and because they can be toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. Different technologies are used for the decolorization of wastewater containing dyes; among them, the biological processes are the most promising environmentally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain ME-446 to safely decolorize three azo dyes: Direct Yellow 27 (DY27), Reactive Black 5 (RB5), and Reactive Red 120 (RR120). Decolorization efficiency was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and the phytotoxicity of the solutions before and after the fungal treatment was analyzed using Lactuca sativa seeds. P. chrysosporium ME-446 was highly efficient in decolorizing DY27, RB5, and RR120 at 50 mg L-1, decreasing their colors by 82%, 89%, and 94% within 10 days. Removal of dyes was achieved through adsorption on the fungal mycelium as well as biodegradation, inferred by the changes in the dyes' spectral peaks. The intensive decolorization of DY27 and RB5 corresponded to a decrease in phytotoxicity. However, phytotoxicity increased during the removal of color for the dye RR120. The ecotoxicity tests showed that the absence of color does not necessarily translate to an absence of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Pereira de Almeida
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Processos Microbianos, Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Decania, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Andrew Macrae
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Decania, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Sustentável e Bioinformática Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Dias Ribeiro
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pires do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Processos Microbianos, Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Decania, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
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Atsushi O, Ikumi K, Kyoko T. Establishment of a cultivation method for leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) and komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) with high zinc content for patients with zinc deficiency and evaluation of its effectiveness. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3202-3207. [PMID: 33215704 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient intake of zinc is associated with various diseases worldwide. To overcome this problem, we aimed to establish a method for cultivating leafy vegetables with high zinc content in hydroponics without inhibiting their growth. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of the cultivated leafy vegetables with high zinc content in zinc-deficient mice. RESULTS By adjusting the zinc concentration in the hydroponic solution to 5 mg L-1 starting from 7 days before harvesting, the zinc content in leaf lettuce increased eight times of that in the control, without any inhibition of the growth. Furthermore, when oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was added simultaneously with zinc to the hydroponic solution, the zinc content further doubled (16 times of that in the control). Similar results were obtained with komatsuna and red leaf lettuce, although there was a difference in the effect of GSSG treatment. The effectiveness of leafy vegetables with high zinc content in ameliorating zinc deficiency was evaluated by feeding lettuce with high zinc content to zinc-deficient mice. High zinc content lettuce significantly increased the zinc content in the liver, kidneys, gastrocnemius, and tibia of these mice. CONCLUSION We established a cultivation method for lettuce and komatsuna with high zinc content without inhibiting growth by adjusting the zinc concentration in the hydroponic solution at an appropriate concentration for an appropriate period. The result of feeding test indicates that the intake of leafy vegetables with high zinc content can ameliorate zinc deficiency and might be useful in protection from several diseases associated with this deficiency. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogawa Atsushi
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST) Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kudo Ikumi
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Toyofuku Kyoko
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST) Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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He R, Zhang Y, Song S, Su W, Hao Y, Liu H. UV-A and FR irradiation improves growth and nutritional properties of lettuce grown in an artificial light plant factory. Food Chem 2021; 345:128727. [PMID: 33307433 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the individual and combined effects of ultraviolet A (UV-A) and far-red (FR) light irradiation on the biomass, phytochemical accumulation, and antioxidant capacity of two lettuce cultivars in an artificial light plant factory. UV-A supplementation yielded a smaller leaf area and reduced biomass and nitrate content. In contrast, it improved the chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C, flavonoid, polyphenol, and anthocyanin contents and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging rate. FR irradiation resulted in a larger leaf area, whereas the lettuce biomass remained unchanged. Irradiation with both UV-A and FR light exhibited the most remarkable effect on leaf expansion and biomass, but reduced the phytochemical contents. A significant interaction between the cultivar and supplemented light was observed for most plant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yiting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wei Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yanwei Hao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Houcheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Bozkurt H, Bell T, van Ogtrop F, Phan-Thien KY, McConchie R. Assessment of microbial risk during Australian industrial practices for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh cut-cos lettuce: A stochastic quantitative approach. Food Microbiol 2021; 95:103691. [PMID: 33397620 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 risk associated with the consumption of fresh cut-cos lettuce during Australian industrial practices was assessed. A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed and implemented in the @Risk software by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique with 1,000,000 iterations. Australian preharvest practices yielded predicted annual mean E. coli O157:H7 levels from 0.2 to -3.4 log CFU/g and prevalence values ranged from 2 to 6.4%. While exclusion of solar radiation from the baseline model yielded a significant increase in concentration of E. coli O157:H7 (-5.2 -log fold), drip irrigation usage, exclusion of manure amended soil and rainfall reduced E. coli O157:H7 levels by 7.4, 6.5, and 4.3-log fold, respectively. The microbial quality of irrigation water and irrigation type both had a significant effect on E. coli O157:H7 concentrations at harvest (p < 0.05). The probability of illness due to consumption of E. coli O157:H7 contaminated fresh cut-cos lettuce when water washing interventions were introduced into the processing module, was reduced by 1.4-2.7-log fold (p < 0.05). This study provides a robust basis for assessment of risk associated with E. coli O157:H7 contamination on fresh cut-cos lettuce for industrial practices and will assist the leafy green industry and food safety authorities in Australia to identify potential risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Bozkurt
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Food Safety in the Fresh Produce Industry, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Tina Bell
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Food Safety in the Fresh Produce Industry, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Floris van Ogtrop
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Food Safety in the Fresh Produce Industry, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kim-Yen Phan-Thien
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Food Safety in the Fresh Produce Industry, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Robyn McConchie
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Food Safety in the Fresh Produce Industry, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Supratman U, Suzuki T, Nakamura T, Yokoyama Y, Harneti D, Maharani R, Salam S, Abdullah FF, Koseki T, Shiono Y. New metabolites produced by endophyte Clonostachys rosea B5 - 2. Nat Prod Res 2021; 35:1525-1531. [PMID: 31450988 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1656629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endophytic fungus, Clonostachys rosea B5-2 was isolated from mangrove plants and subjected to the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) methodology. By this approach, it was found that modification of the culture media enhanced the production of secondary metabolites by C. rosea B5-2. The apple juice supplemented solid rice media led to significant changes in the secondary metabolism of the fungus, C. rosea B5-2, and induced the production of four new compounds, (-)-dihydrovertinolide (2), and clonostach acids A (3), B (4), and C (5) together with the known compound, (-)-vertinolide (1). The new compound (-)-dihydrovertinolide (2) exhibited phytotoxicity against lettuce seedlings at a concentration of 50 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Takuma Suzuki
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yokoyama
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Desi Harneti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Rani Maharani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Supriatno Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Fajar Fauzi Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Garut, Garut, Indonesia
| | - Takuya Koseki
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
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Torrent KBA, Alvarenga ES. Synthesis and Identification of Epoxy Derivatives of 5-Methylhexahydroisoindole-1,3-dione and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 26:1923. [PMID: 33808049 PMCID: PMC8037305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic imides belong to a well-known class of organic compounds with various biological activities, promoting a great interest in compounds with this functional group. Due to the structural complexity of some molecules and their spectra, it is necessary to use several spectrometric methods associated with auxiliary tools, such as the theoretical calculation for the structural elucidation of complex structures. In this work, the synthesis of epoxy derivatives of 5-methylhexahydroisoindole-1,3-diones was carried out in five steps. Diels-Alder reaction of isoprene and maleic anhydride followed by reaction with m-anisidine afforded the amide (2). Esterification of amide (2) with methanol in the presence of sulfuric acid provided the ester (3) that cyclized in situ to give imides 4 and 4-ent. Epoxidation of 4 and 4-ent with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) afforded 5a and 5b. The diastereomers were separated by silica gel flash column chromatography, and their structures were determined by analyses of the spectrometric methods. Their structures were confirmed by matching the calculated 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of (5a and 5b) with the experimental data of the diastereomers using MAE, CP3, and DP4 statistical analyses. Biological assays were carried out to evaluate the potential herbicide activity of the imides. Compounds 5a and 5b inhibited root growth of the weed Bidens pilosa by more than 70% at all the concentrations evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elson S. Alvarenga
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil;
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Marzocca MA, Costantino AR, Gentili AR, Oriani AS, Pereyra MT, Lusto J, Baldini MD. Microbiological quality and determination of pesticide residues in the lettuce produced in Bahía Blanca's horticultural belt, Argentina. J Environ Sci Health B 2021; 56:439-446. [PMID: 33760685 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1900693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this research were 1) to find out the possible microbiological contamination and residues of pesticides (chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin) in lettuce grown in Bahía Blanca's horticultural belt, and bacteriological quality of waters used for irrigation and post-harvest washing, 2) to investigate and compare the internalization capacity of a strain of Escherichia coli isolated from irrigation water with another hospital uropathogenic strain. Some strains of bacteria can internalize into the plant tissue. This capability presents food safety threats as they cannot be removed with standard sanitation practices. To determine bacteriological quality of lettuce, E. coli, Salmonella spp and E. coli O157: H7/NM (n = 10) were investigated. Bacteriological quality of water was determined by quantification of fecal coliforms/100 mL (n = 20). Pesticides were determined by using an improved and validated QuEChERS method combined with GC-MSD. Irrigation water in 19/20 samples did not present health risk. Bacteriological quality of lettuce met demands in 9/10 samples. Pesticides were detected in half of the samples, values exceeding the FAO recommendations. An effort is strongly recommended to implement both, best phytosanitary practices and monitoring programmes. Uropathogenic strain was able to internalize into plant tissue, while the nonpathogenic one was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Marzocca
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Andrea R Costantino
- INQUISUR, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Alejandro R Gentili
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Alejandra S Oriani
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcelo T Pereyra
- INQUISUR, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jorge Lusto
- Department of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Mónica D Baldini
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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31
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Dankwa AS, Machado RM, Perry JJ. Sanitizer efficacy in reducing microbial load on commercially grown hydroponic lettuce. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:1403-1410. [PMID: 32833277 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most hydroponic lettuce growers harvest and package their marketable-size lettuces with an intact root ball. With a high microbial load on the peat moss substrate, there is a risk of microbial transfer onto the edible portion during packaging and throughout the product's shelf life. Since the produce is believed to have no contact with the substrate, no sanitizer wash is performed before packaging and storage. RESULTS Aerobic plate count (APC) results suggested that reduction in count was influenced by both sanitizer application and storage time. Peroxyacetic acid significantly reduced APC count on leaves, roots, and substrate, with a 1.8 log CFU g-1 initial reduction on the leaf. Fungi and APC levels increased with storage time, with the greatest APC increase in the roots. Leaves had the lowest coliform bacteria (CB), with chlorine slightly reducing CB count. Unlike APC, CB levels decreased during storage on the substrate and root samples. No Listeria positive was confirmed by agglutination test. Further evaluation of different commercial substrates reveals that Com4, a drier-compacted plug, had the least ability to support growth/survival of all microbial populations enumerated relative to the spongy, wet black plugs. CONCLUSION The ability of peat moss substrates to host microorganisms is influenced by the physical properties of the product. Sanitizer wash efficacy is dependent on the initial microbial load and the length of storage. Chlorine and peroxyacetic acid are effective in reducing microbial populations on the leaves of hydroponically grown lettuce without affecting visual quality during shelf life. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwoa S Dankwa
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Robson M Machado
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Jennifer J Perry
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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Sato S, Sofian FF, Suehiro W, Harneti D, Maharani R, Supratman U, Abdullah FF, Salam S, Koseki T, Shiono Y. β-Resorcylic Acid Derivatives, with Their Phytotoxic Activities, from the Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae in the Mangrove Plant Xylocarpus granatum. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000928. [PMID: 33555653 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nine new β-resorcylic acid derivatives, (15S)-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (1), (13S,15S)-13-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (2), (14S,15S)-14-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (3), (13R,14S,15S)-13,14-dihydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (4), ethyl (S)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(8-hydroxynonyl)benzoate (5), ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(8-hydroxyheptyl)benzoate (6), ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(4-methoxycarbonylbutyl)benzoate (7), 3-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (8), and isobutyl (S)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(8-hydroxynonyl)benzoate (9), together with a known ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(8-oxononyl)benzoate (10) were obtained from Lasiodiplodia theobromae GC-22. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1, 3, and 6 showed growth inhibitory effects against Digitaria ciliaris. Conversely, treatment with compounds 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 stimulated elongation activity toward the root of Lactuca sativa. These data expand the repertoire of new β-resorcylic acid derivatives that may function as lead compounds in the synthesis of new agrochemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Sato
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Ferry Ferdiansyah Sofian
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Wataru Suehiro
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Desi Harneti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rani Maharani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Fajar Fauzi Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Garut, Garut, 44151, Indonesia
| | - Supriatno Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Takuya Koseki
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
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Day JA, Diener C, Otwell AE, Tams KE, Bebout B, Detweiler AM, Lee MD, Scott MT, Ta W, Ha M, Carreon SA, Tong K, Ali AA, Gibbons SM, Baliga NS. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) productivity influenced by microbial inocula under nitrogen-limited conditions in aquaponics. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247534. [PMID: 33621265 PMCID: PMC7901782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for food will outpace productivity of conventional agriculture due to projected growth of the human population, concomitant with shrinkage of arable land, increasing scarcity of freshwater, and a rapidly changing climate. While aquaponics has potential to sustainably supplement food production with minimal environmental impact, there is a need to better characterize the complex interplay between the various components (fish, plant, microbiome) of these systems to optimize scale up and productivity. Here, we investigated how the commonly-implemented practice of continued microbial community transfer from pre-existing systems might promote or impede productivity of aquaponics. Specifically, we monitored plant growth phenotypes, water chemistry, and microbiome composition of rhizospheres, biofilters, and fish feces over 61-days of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) growth in nitrogen-limited aquaponic systems inoculated with bacteria that were either commercially sourced or originating from a pre-existing aquaponic system. Lettuce above- and below-ground growth were significantly reduced across replicates treated with a pre-existing aquaponic system inoculum when compared to replicates treated with a commercial inoculum. Reduced productivity was associated with enrichment in specific bacterial genera in plant roots, including Pseudomonas, following inoculum transfer from pre-existing systems. Increased productivity was associated with enrichment of nitrogen-fixing Rahnella in roots of plants treated with the commercial inoculum. Thus, we show that inoculation from a pre-existing system, rather than from a commercial inoculum, is associated with lower yields. Further work will be necessary to test the putative mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Day
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christian Diener
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Otwell
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kourtney E. Tams
- St. Edward’s University, Environmental Science and Policy, Behavioral and Social Sciences, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brad Bebout
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Detweiler
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, United States of America
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Lee
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, United States of America
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Madeline T. Scott
- Seattle Youth Employment Program, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wilson Ta
- Seattle Youth Employment Program, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Monica Ha
- Seattle Youth Employment Program, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shienna A. Carreon
- Seattle Youth Employment Program, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenny Tong
- Seattle Youth Employment Program, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Abdirizak A. Ali
- Seattle Youth Employment Program, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Gibbons
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nitin S. Baliga
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Parrish CH, Hebert D, Jackson A, Ramasamy K, McDaniel H, Giacomelli GA, Bergren MR. Optimizing spectral quality with quantum dots to enhance crop yield in controlled environments. Commun Biol 2021; 4:124. [PMID: 33504914 PMCID: PMC7840809 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioregenerative life-support systems (BLSS) involving plants will be required to realize self-sustaining human settlements beyond Earth. To improve plant productivity in BLSS, the quality of the solar spectrum can be modified by lightweight, luminescent films. CuInS2/ZnS quantum dot (QD) films were used to down-convert ultraviolet/blue photons to red emissions centered at 600 and 660 nm, resulting in increased biomass accumulation in red romaine lettuce. All plant growth parameters, except for spectral quality, were uniform across three production environments. Lettuce grown under the 600 and 660 nm-emitting QD films respectively increased edible dry mass (13 and 9%), edible fresh mass (11% each), and total leaf area (8 and 13%) compared with under a control film containing no QDs. Spectral modifications by the luminescent QD films improved photosynthetic efficiency in lettuce and could enhance productivity in greenhouses on Earth, or in space where, further conversion is expected from greater availability of ultraviolet photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Parrish
- Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gene A Giacomelli
- Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
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Jeong HJ, Oh MS, Rehman JU, Yoon HY, Kim JH, Shin J, Shin SG, Bae H, Jeon JR. Effects of Microbes from Coal-Related Commercial Humic Substances on Hydroponic Crop Cultivation: A Microbiological View for Agronomical Use of Humic Substances. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:805-814. [PMID: 33249847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, coal-related humic substances (HSs) were examined to confirm whether sterilization treatments induce their inferior ability to stimulate lettuce in hydroponic cultivations. Interestingly, a drastic reduction in both lettuce biomass and microbial colony-forming units of the crop culture solutions was observed when the autoclaved HSs were treated. Some microbial genera (i.e., Bacillus and Aspergillus) identifiable in the bare HS-treated hydroponic systems were able to be isolated by direct inoculation of bare HS powders on conventional microbial nutrients, supporting that flourishing microbes in the hydroponic cultivations derive from bare HSs-treated. Moreover, coincubation of some isolated bacterial and fungal strains (i.e., Bacillus and Aspergillus genera) from HSs with lettuce resulted in a significant increase in plant biomass and enhanced resistance to NaCl-related abiotic stresses. Microbial volatile organic compounds renowned for plant stimulation were detected by using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was finally confirmed that the isolates are capable of utilizing carbon substrates such as pectin and tween 20 or 40, which are relevant to those of microbes isolated from peat and leonardite (i.e., HS extraction sources). Overall, our results suggest that microbiological factors could be considered when commercial coal-related HSs are applied in hydroponic crop cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seung Oh
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jalil Ur Rehman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Yoon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Advanced Geo-materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Pohang Branch, Pohang 37559, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTECH), Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTECH), Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyomin Bae
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Rok Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Al-Turki A, R H Abdullah R. Native Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Growth Promotion of Lettuce from Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:773-779. [PMID: 34486296 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.773.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance the growth and productivity of plants. However, only those PGPR that is acclimatized to the local soil conditions performs well. The present study aims to pick up effective PGPR isolates from local soil and utilize them as potential bio-inoculants to enhance lettuce plant growth. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Rhizospheric soil samples were obtained from each of six desert plant species in the Qassim region and 45 bacterial isolates were obtained. Four of them were identified and tested for growth-promoting activities by application to the soil in which lettuce was grown under greenhouse conditions. <b>Results:</b> The selected bacterial isolates were identified as <i>Bacillus cereus</i> BW-201B, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> AMU1, <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> CNE30 and <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. CZGRY7. Application of these four isolates to the soil in which lettuce was grown under greenhouse conditions resulted in significant increases in shoot height, shoot weight, chlorophyll levels and the percentages of N, P and K compared with those of control treatment. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings suggest that local soil bacterial strains represent excellent bioinoculants for growth and yield increase in lettuce under local agro-climatic conditions in Saudi Arabia. Our approach might offer a good alternative for the chemical-free farming of lettuce.
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Abstract
The interest in producing pharmaceutical proteins in a nontoxic plant host has led to the development of an approach to express such proteins in transplastomic lettuce (Lactuca sativa). A number of therapeutic proteins and vaccine antigen candidates have been stably integrated into the lettuce plastid genome using biolistic DNA delivery. High levels of accumulation and retention of biological activity suggest that lettuce may provide and ideal platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Ruhlman
- Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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38
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Xiong T, Zhang T, Xian Y, Kang Z, Zhang S, Dumat C, Shahid M, Li S. Foliar uptake, biotransformation, and impact of CuO nanoparticles in Lactuca sativa L. var. ramosa Hort. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:423-439. [PMID: 32990874 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves can intercept and directly absorb nanoparticles (NPs) that deposit on their surface, which can lead severe phytotoxicity. However, there is a large blind spot when it comes to the fate and phytotoxicity of NPs after leaf exposure, even though foliar uptake is likely to occur. In this study, lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.) were exposed to different concentrations of copper-oxide NPs (CuO-NPs, 0, 100, and 1000 mg L-1) for 5, 10, and 15 days. Foliar uptake, subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and impact of CuO-NPs on nutrient status, antioxidant systems, and lettuce growth were examined. Substantially elevated Cu levels were observed in lettuce leaves (up to 6350 mg kg-1), which was one magnitude greater than that in the roots (up to 525 mg kg-1). Cu translocation factors from leaves to roots ranged from 1.80 to 15.6%. The application of CuO-NPs severely inhibited lettuce growth and altered the nutrient status in plants (especially Mn, K, and Ca). Moreover, CuO-NPs increased H2O2 generation, malonaldehyde level (on the 5th and 10th day of exposure), and catalase activity (on the 15th day of exposure) in lettuce leaves. The Cu concentrations in subcellular fractions were ranked: cell wall ≈ organelles > soluble fraction in lettuce leaves, and organelles > cell wall > soluble fraction in lettuce roots. Undissolved Cu forms were predominant in lettuce, which may have helped to reduce the Cu's mobility and phytotoxicity in the plant. The findings of this study will be of great interest in areas with high levels of metal-NPs in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yuanhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- INP-ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shaoshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Qin X, Li P, Lu S, Sun Y, Meng L, Hao J, Fan S. Phosphoproteomic analysis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) reveals starch and sucrose metabolism functions during bolting induced by high temperature. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244198. [PMID: 33373388 PMCID: PMC7771692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperatures induce early bolting in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), which decreases both quality and production. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying high temperature promotes premature bolting is lacking. In this study, we compared lettuce during the bolting period induced by high temperatures (33/25 °C, day/night) to which raised under controlled temperatures (20/13 °C, day/night) using iTRAQ-based phosphoproteomic analysis. A total of 3,814 phosphorylation sites located on 1,766 phosphopeptides from 987 phosphoproteins were identified after high-temperature treatment,among which 217 phosphoproteins significantly changed their expression abundance (116 upregulated and 101 downregulated). Most phosphoproteins for which the abundance was altered were associated with the metabolic process, with the main molecular functions were catalytic activity and transporter activity. Regarding the functional pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism was the mainly enriched signaling pathways. Hence, high temperature influenced phosphoprotein activity, especially that associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. We suspected that the lettuce shorten its growth cycle and reduce vegetative growth owing to changes in the contents of starch and soluble sugar after high temperature stress, which then led to early bolting/flowering. These findings improve our understanding of the regulatory molecular mechanisms involved in lettuce bolting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Lu
- Facility Horticulture Institute, Ministry of Agriculture Planning and Design Research Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Meng
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangxi Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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40
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Stoleru V, Burlica R, Mihalache G, Dirlau D, Padureanu S, Teliban GC, Astanei D, Cojocaru A, Beniuga O, Patras A. Plant growth promotion effect of plasma activated water on Lactuca sativa L. cultivated in two different volumes of substrate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20920. [PMID: 33262393 PMCID: PMC7708473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma activated water (PAW) can represent an alternative to chemical fertilizers in agriculture. The effects of PAW treatment applied in two concentrations (1.5 or 3.0 mg L-1 NO3-) on some morphological, physiological, biochemical parameters and yield of Lactuca sativa L. grown in two different pot volumes (400 or 3200 cm3) were investigated in this study. The results showed that both PAW concentrations did not influence the germination, once the process was initiated. Positive effects of the treatments were registered on the length of radicle and hypocotyls of lettuce at a concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 NO3- (PAW I), the chlorophyll content was significantly increased at a concentration of 3.0 mg L-1 NO3- (PAW II) and bigger pot volume, also the foliar weight and area. No significant differences between the treated and untreated plants were recorded for the root weight, leaf length and width. The dry weight was significantly higher for the lettuce treated with PAW I and II grown in big volume pots at 57 days after transplanting (DAT) and small volume pots at 64 DAT. The nitrites content of the lettuce grown in big pots was lower than of the lettuce grown in small pots, regardless of the PAW treatment. Contrary, the nitrates content was higher in the lettuce grown in big pots (up to 36.4 mg KNO3/g DW), compared to small pots (under 0.3 mg KNO3/g DW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Stoleru
- "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700490, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Radu Burlica
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi, 67 Bd. D. Mangeron, 700050, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Mihalache
- "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700490, Iaşi, Romania
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North East Region (CERNESIM), "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Delicia Dirlau
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi, 67 Bd. D. Mangeron, 700050, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Silvica Padureanu
- "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700490, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Gabriel-Ciprian Teliban
- "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700490, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Dragos Astanei
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi, 67 Bd. D. Mangeron, 700050, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Cojocaru
- "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700490, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Oana Beniuga
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi, 67 Bd. D. Mangeron, 700050, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Antoanela Patras
- "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700490, Iaşi, Romania.
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Zhou W, Liang X, Zhang Y, Dai P, Liang B, Li J, Sun C, Lin X. Role of sucrose in modulating the low-nitrogen-induced accumulation of phenolic compounds in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:5412-5421. [PMID: 32562270 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals present in vegetables which contribute to human health. Although nitrogen deficiency and sucrose (Suc) are linked to phenolic production in vegetables, the relationship between them in the regulation of phenolic biosynthesis remains unknown. This study investigated the potential role of Suc in regulating phenolic biosynthesis of lettuce under low-nitrogen (LN) conditions. RESULTS Our results showed that LN treatment significantly increased Suc content in lettuce by inducing rapid increases in activities of sucrose synthesis-related enzymes. Exogenous Suc further stimulated LN-induced phenolic accumulation in lettuce by upregulating the expression of genes (PAL, CHS, F3H, DFR, F35H and UFGT) involved in phenolic biosynthesis. The opposite effects were true for exogenous 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) application. No changes were observed in chlorophyll content in LN-treated lettuce, in either the presence or absence of Suc application. Notably, exogenous DCMU resulted in decreases of maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, actual efficiency of PSII and electron transport rate in PSII and increase of quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII in lettuce under LN conditions, whereas these effects were reversed on Suc application. Exogenous Suc also increased glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities in LN-treated lettuce. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Suc is involved in LN-induced phenolic production in lettuce by enhancing photosynthetic and nitrogen assimilation efficiency to increase the supply of carbon resources and precursors for phenolic biosynthesis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peibin Dai
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junliang Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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42
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Li C, Han Y, Hao J, Qin X, Liu C, Fan S. Effects of exogenous spermidine on antioxidants and glyoxalase system of lettuce seedlings under high temperature. Plant Signal Behav 2020; 15:1824697. [PMID: 32985921 PMCID: PMC7671048 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1824697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the lettuce high-temperature-sensitive variety Beisan San 3 was used as a test material. The effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on membrane lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant system, the ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) system and the glyoxalase (Glo) system in lettuce seedlings under high-temperature stress were studied by spraying either 1 mM spermidine or ionized water as a control. The results showed that, under high-temperature stress, the growth of lettuce seedlings was weak, and the dry weight (DW) and fresh weight (FW) were reduced by 68.9% and 82%, respectively, compared with those of the normal-temperature controls. In addition, the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation increased, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increased, both of which led to a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Under high-temperature stress, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased, the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased first but then decreased, and the activity of ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) decreased first but then increased. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) content showed an upward trend under high-temperature stress. The activities of glyoxalase (GloI and GloII) in the lettuce seedling leaves increased significantly under high-temperature stress. In contrast, the application of exogenous Spd alleviated the oxidative damage to the lettuce seedlings, which showed a decrease in MDA content and LOX activity and an increase in SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GR, GloI, and GloII activities. In addition, the antioxidant AsA and GSH contents also increased to varying degrees. It can be seen from the results that high temperature stress leads to an increase in the level of ROS and cause peroxidation in lettuce seedlings, and exogenous Spd can enhance the ability of lettuce seedlings to withstand high temperature by enhancing the antioxidant system, glyoxalase system and AsA-GSH cycle system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Li
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyan Han
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Hao
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qin
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangxi Fan
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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43
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Santiago FEM, Silva MLS, Cardoso AAS, Duan Y, Guilherme LRG, Liu J, Li L. Biochemical basis of differential selenium tolerance in arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 157:328-338. [PMID: 33186850 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification in crops provides a valuable strategy to enhance human Se intake. However, crops vary greatly with their capacity in tolerating and metabolizing/accumulating Se, and the basis underlying such variations remains to be fully understood. Here, we compared the effects of Se and its analog S treatments on plant growth and biochemical responses between a Se accumulator (arugula) and a non-accumulator (lettuce). Arugula exhibited an increased biomass production in comparison with untreated controls at a higher selenate concentration than lettuce (20 μM vs. 10 μM Na2SeO4), showing better tolerance to Se. Arugula accumulated 3-folds more Se and S than lettuce plants under the same treatments. However, the Se/S assimilation as assessed by ATP sulfurylase and O-acetylserine (thiol)lyase activities was comparable between arugula and lettuce plants. Approximately 4-fold higher levels of Se in proteins under the same doses of Se treatments were observed in arugula than in lettuce, indicating that Se accumulators have better tolerance to selenoamino acids in proteins. Noticeably, arugula showed 6-fold higher ascorbate peroxidase activity and produced over 5-fold more glutathione and non-protein thiols than lettuce plants, which suggest critical roles of antioxidants in Se tolerance. Taken together, our results show that the elevated Se tolerance of arugula compared to lettuce is most likely due to an efficient antioxidant defense system. This study provides further insights into our understanding of the difference in tolerating and metabolizing/accumulating Se between Se accumulators and non-accumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin E M Santiago
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Maria L S Silva
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Arnon A S Cardoso
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Yongbo Duan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Luiz R G Guilherme
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Jiping Liu
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Falanga A, Siciliano A, Vitiello M, Franci G, Del Genio V, Galdiero S, Guida M, Carraturo F, Fahmi A, Galdiero E. Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Pristine and Indolicidin-coated Silver Nanoparticles in Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystem. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8097-8108. [PMID: 33116520 PMCID: PMC7585781 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s260396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are highly exploited in manufacturing and medical processes in a broad spectrum of industrial applications and in the academic sectors. Several studies have suggested that many metallic nanomaterials including those derived by silver (Ag) are entering the ecosystem to cause significant toxic consequences in cell culture and animal models. However, ecotoxicity studies are still receiving limited attention when designing functionalized and non.-functionalized AgNPs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate different ecotoxicological profiles of AgNPs, which were analyzed in two different states: in pristine form uncoated AgNPs and coated AgNPs with the antimicrobial peptide indolicidin. These two types of AgNPs are exploited for a set of different tests using Daphnia magna and Raphidocelis subcapitata, which are representatives of two different levels of the aquatic trophic chain, and seeds of Lepidium sativum, Cucumis sativus and Lactuca sativa. RESULTS Ecotoxicological studies showed that the most sensitive organism to AgNPs was crustacean D. magna, followed by R. subcapitata and plant seeds, while AgNPs coated with indolicidin (IndAgNPs) showed a dose-dependent decreased toxicity for all three. CONCLUSION The obtained results demonstrate that high ecotoxicity induced by AgNPs is strongly dependent on the surface chemistry, thus the presence of the antimicrobial peptide. This finding opens new avenues to design and fabricate the next generation of metallic nanoparticles to ensure the biosafety and risk of using engineered nanoparticles in consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Portici80055, Italy
| | | | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Virology Unit, “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona Hospital”, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana,” University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valentina Del Genio
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples80134, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples80134, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples80100, Italy
| | - Federica Carraturo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples80100, Italy
| | - Amir Fahmi
- Rhein-Waal University of Applied Sciences, KleveD-47533, Germany
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples80100, Italy
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Lu H, Wu Y, Liang P, Song Q, Zhang H, Wu J, Wu W, Liu X, Dong C. Alkaline amendments improve the health of soils degraded by metal contamination and acidification: Crop performance and soil bacterial community responses. Chemosphere 2020; 257:127309. [PMID: 32535363 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil degradation due to heavy metal contamination and acidification has negative effects on soil health and crop growth. Many previous studies have tried to improve the growth of crops and decrease their metal uptake. The recovery of soil health, however, has rarely been focused in soil remediation. In this study, a pot trial was conducted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growing in heavy metal contaminated and acidic soils, to examine the effects of alkaline amendments (limestone, LS; calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, Pcm) and organic amendments (cow manure compost, CMC; biochar, BC) on the growth of lettuce and on the availability of heavy metals, enzyme activities, and bacterial community structures in the soils. The results showed that, in comparison with the CMC and BC treatments, LS and Pcm were more effective at improving lettuce growth and reducing metal concentrations in shoots. Urease and catalase activities in LS and Pcm amended soils were consistently higher than in those with CMC and BC. Additionally, the alkaline amendments dramatically improved the bacterial diversity and shaped more favorable bacterial community structures. Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were predominant in soils amended with alkaline treatments. The beneficial bacterial genera Gemmatimonas and f_Gemmatimonadaceae, which are vital for phosphate dissolution, microbial nitrogen metabolism, and soil respiration, were also enriched. The results suggest that alkaline amendments were superior to organic amendments, and thus may be useful for the future recovery of soil functions and health under heavy metal contamination and low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Lu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Yingxin Wu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Puxing Liang
- Foshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528145, PR China
| | - Qingmei Song
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Huixi Zhang
- Foshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528145, PR China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Wencheng Wu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China.
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Changxun Dong
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
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Rob MM, Iwasaki A, Suenaga K, Ozaki K, Teruya T, Kato-Noguchi H. Potential use of Schumannianthus dichotomus waste: the phytotoxic activity of the waste and its identified compounds. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 55:1099-1105. [PMID: 32964781 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1822716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxic potential of the leaves and twigs of Schumannianthus dichotomus, discarded in the mat-making industry against four test plants (lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)) was investigated and found strong phytotoxic activity. An assay-guided fractionation of S. dichotomus extarcts against cress (Lepidium sativum L.) through a series of column chromatography steps yielded two compounds, 8-(5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl) octanoic acid (ODFO) and (E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-dienoic acid (8-carboxylinalool). ODFO and 8-carboxylinalool showed strong phytotoxic activity against cress and timothy. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition (I50 value) of the seedlings of cress and timothy were 111.94-128.01 and 36.30-91.75 µM, respectively, for ODFO, but the values were much higher at 315.98-379.13 and 107.92-148.41 µM, respectively, for 8-carboxylinalool, indicating the stronger phytotoxic activity of ODFO. This study is the first to isolate ODFO and 8-carboxylinalool from S. dichotomus and their phytotoxic potential while ODFO is firstly encountered from any natural source. The growth inhibitory activity of the identified compounds may explain their role in the phytotoxic activity of S. dichotomus, which suggests the possible use of its leaves and twigs or its active constituents as natural bioherbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuzur Rob
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku, Japan
| | - Kaori Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teruya
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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47
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Liu R, Su Z, Zhou H, Huang Q, Fan S, Liu C, Han Y. LsHSP70 is induced by high temperature to interact with calmodulin, leading to higher bolting resistance in lettuce. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15155. [PMID: 32939023 PMCID: PMC7495476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperatures have significant impacts on heat-tolerant bolting in lettuce. In this study, it was found that high temperatures could facilitate the accumulation of GA in lettuce to induce bolting, with higher expression levels of two heat shock protein genes LsHsp70-3701 and LsHsp70-2711. By applying VIGS technology, these two Hsp70 genes were incompletely silenced and plant morphological changes under heat treatment of silenced plants were observed. The results showed that lower expression levels of these two genes could enhance bolting stem length of lettuce under high temperatures, which means these two proteins may play a significant role in heat-induced bolting tolerance. By using the yeast two-hybrid technique, it was found that a calmodulin protein could interact with LsHsp70 proteins in a high-temperature stress cDNA library, which was constructed for lettuce. Also, the Hsp70-calmodulin combination can be obtained at high temperatures. According to these results, it can be speculated that the interaction between Hsp70 and calmodulin could be induced under high temperatures and higher GA contents can be obtained at the same time. This study analyses the regulation of heat tolerance in lettuce and lays a foundation for additional studies of heat resistance in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhenqi Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huiyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuangxi Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yingyan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Song U, Kim J. Assessment of the potential risk of 1,2-hexanediol using phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity testing. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110796. [PMID: 32505050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Hexanediol is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as a preservative, an emollient, and a moisturizing agent. However, studies on the scientific toxicity of 1,2-hexanediol are limited. In this study, we evaluated the potential toxic effects of 1,2-hexanediol using phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity testing methods. Phytotoxicity tests using Brassica campestris subsp. napus and Latuca sativa L. showed that 1,2-hexanediol significantly inhibited seed germination and root elongation at the lowest concentration (0.1%). Additionally, plants treated with 1,2-hexanediol failed to survive. In cytotoxicity tests, RAW 264.7 and HK-2 cells treated with 1.0% 1,2-Hexanediol showed a significant decline in viability, followed by death. Since most personal care products contain >2% 1,2-hexanediol, it is highly likely that 1,2-hexanediol is toxic to humans. Moreover, if 1,2-hexanediol enters the human body either via oral intake or through an open wound, it could have critical effects. Furthermore, upon release into the environment, 1,2-hexanediol could cause considerable damage to plants and other organisms. Therefore, further investigation of 1,2-hexanediol is required to prevent toxicity to humans and other living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uhram Song
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea.
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, 04401, South Korea.
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Bair DA, Anderson CG, Chung Y, Scow KM, Franco RB, Parikh SJ. Impact of biochar on plant growth and uptake of ciprofloxacin, triclocarban and triclosan from biosolids. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 55:990-1001. [PMID: 32877275 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1807264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Application of municipal biosolids in agriculture present a concern with potential uptake and bioaccumulation of pharmaceutical compounds from biosolids into agronomic plants. We evaluated the efficacy of biochar as a soil amendment to minimize uptake of antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin, triclocarban, and triclosan) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and carrot (Daucus carota) plants. Biochar reduced the concentration of ciprofloxacin and triclocarban in lettuce leaves and resulted in a 67% reduction of triclosan in carrot roots. There was no substantial difference in pharmaceutical concentrations in carrot and lettuce plant matter at low (2.0 g kg-1 soil) and high (20.4 g kg-1 soil) rates of applied biochar. The co-amendment of biochar and biosolids increased soil pH and nutrient content which were positively correlated with an increase in lettuce shoot biomass. Our results demonstrate the potential efficacy of using walnut shell biochar as a sorbent for pharmaceutical contaminants in soil without negatively affecting plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bair
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Carolyn G Anderson
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Young Chung
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kate M Scow
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Roberta Brancher Franco
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Miras-Moreno B, Corrado G, Zhang L, Senizza B, Righetti L, Bruni R, El-Nakhel C, Sifola MI, Pannico A, Pascale SD, Rouphael Y, Lucini L. The Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by Sub-Optimal Nutritional and Light Inputs in Soilless Cultivated Green and Red Butterhead Lettuce. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6381. [PMID: 32887471 PMCID: PMC7503926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-optimal growing conditions have a major effect on plants; therefore, large efforts are devoted to maximizing the availability of agricultural inputs to crops. To increase the sustainable use of non-renewable inputs, attention is currently given to the study of plants under non-optimal conditions. In this work, we investigated the impact of sub-optimal macrocations availability and light intensity in two lettuce varieties that differ for the accumulation of secondary metabolites (i.e., 'Red Salanova' and 'Green Salanova'). Photosynthesis-related measurements and untargeted metabolomics were used to identify responses and pathways involved in stress resilience. The pigmented ('Red') and the non-pigmented ('Green Salanova') lettuce exhibited distinctive responses to sub-optimal conditions. The cultivar specific metabolomic signatures comprised a broad modulation of metabolism, including secondary metabolites, phytohormones, and membrane lipids signaling cascade. Several stress-related metabolites were altered by either treatment, including polyamines (and other nitrogen-containing compounds), phenylpropanoids, and lipids. The metabolomics and physiological response to macrocations availability and light intensity also implies that the effects of low-input sustainable farming systems should be evaluated considering a range of cultivar-specific positive and disadvantageous metabolic effects in addition to yield and other socio-economic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (B.M.-M.); (L.Z.); (B.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (B.M.-M.); (L.Z.); (B.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Biancamaria Senizza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (B.M.-M.); (L.Z.); (B.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Renato Bruni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Maria Isabella Sifola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (C.E.-N.); (M.I.S.); (A.P.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (B.M.-M.); (L.Z.); (B.S.); (L.L.)
- Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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