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Xie H, Yang N, Yu C, Lu L. Uremic toxins mediate kidney diseases: the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:38. [PMID: 38491448 PMCID: PMC10943832 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was originally identified as an environmental sensor that responds to pollutants. Subsequent research has revealed that AhR recognizes multiple exogenous and endogenous molecules, including uremic toxins retained in the body due to the decline in renal function. Therefore, AhR is also considered to be a uremic toxin receptor. As a ligand-activated transcriptional factor, the activation of AhR is involved in cell differentiation and senescence, lipid metabolism and fibrogenesis. The accumulation of uremic toxins in the body is hazardous to all tissues and organs. The identification of the endogenous uremic toxin receptor opens the door to investigating the precise role and molecular mechanism of tissue and organ damage induced by uremic toxins. This review focuses on summarizing recent findings on the role of AhR activation induced by uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy and acute kidney injury. Furthermore, potential clinical approaches to mitigate the effects of uremic toxins are explored herein, such as enhancing uremic toxin clearance through dialysis, reducing uremic toxin production through dietary interventions or microbial manipulation, and manipulating metabolic pathways induced by uremic toxins through controlling AhR signaling. This information may also shed light on the mechanism of uremic toxin-induced injury to other organs, and provide insights into clinical approaches to manipulate the accumulated uremic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Ninghao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Limin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Nagy AL. Animal Poisoning: Toxins from Plants or Feed-An Important Chemical Risk for Domestic Animals. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:39. [PMID: 38251255 PMCID: PMC10818542 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Feed-, food-, water- and plant-related toxins are a major threat for animal and human health worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras-Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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3
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Robinson SD, Deuis JR, Niu P, Touchard A, Mueller A, Schendel V, Brinkwirth N, King GF, Vetter I, Schmidt JO. Peptide toxins that target vertebrate voltage-gated sodium channels underly the painful stings of harvester ants. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105577. [PMID: 38110035 PMCID: PMC10821600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Harvester ants (genus Pogonomyrmex) are renowned for their stings which cause intense, long-lasting pain, and other neurotoxic symptoms in vertebrates. Here, we show that harvester ant venoms are relatively simple and composed largely of peptide toxins. One class of peptides is primarily responsible for the long-lasting local pain of envenomation via activation of peripheral sensory neurons. These hydrophobic, cysteine-free peptides potently modulate mammalian voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, reducing the voltage threshold for activation and inhibiting channel inactivation. These toxins appear to have evolved specifically to deter vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Robinson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jennifer R Deuis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pancong Niu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Axel Touchard
- CNRS, UMR Ecologie des forêts de Guyane - EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRAE, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles), Kourou, France
| | - Alexander Mueller
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Centro de Investigación Biomédica CENBIO, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Vanessa Schendel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Glenn F King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Nagy AL, Ardelean S, Chapuis RJJ, Bouillon J, Pivariu D, Dreanca AI, Caloni F. Emerging Plant Intoxications in Domestic Animals: A European Perspective. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:442. [PMID: 37505711 PMCID: PMC10467095 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to phytotoxins that are present in imported ornamental or native plants is an important cause of animal disease. Factors such as animal behaviors (especially indoor pets), climate change, and an increase in the global market for household and ornamental plants led to the appearance of new, previously unreported plant poisonings in Europe. This has resulted in an increase in the incidence of rarely reported intoxications. This review presents some of the emerging and well-established plant species that are responsible for poisoning episodes in companion animals and livestock in Europe. The main plant species are described, and the mechanism of action of the primary active agents and their clinical effects are presented. Data reflecting the real incidence of emerging poisoning cases from plant toxins are scarce to nonexistent in most European countries due to a lack of a centralized reporting/poison control system. The diversity of plant species and phytotoxins, as well as the emerging nature of certain plant poisonings, warrant a continuous update of knowledge by veterinarians and animal owners. The taxonomy and active agents present in these plants should be communicated to ensure awareness of the risks these toxins pose for domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras-Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (A.-L.N.); (R.J.J.C.)
| | - Sabrina Ardelean
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (S.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Ronan J. J. Chapuis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (A.-L.N.); (R.J.J.C.)
| | - Juliette Bouillon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (S.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Dalma Pivariu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.P.); (A.I.D.)
| | - Alexandra Iulia Dreanca
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.P.); (A.I.D.)
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
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5
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Bauer M. Editorial: Interplay between toxicants, natural toxins, and the immune system in animal models. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186300. [PMID: 37063921 PMCID: PMC10102857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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6
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Coppola A, Lombari P, Mazzella E, Capolongo G, Simeoni M, Perna AF, Ingrosso D, Borriello M. Zebrafish as a Model of Cardiac Pathology and Toxicity: Spotlight on Uremic Toxins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065656. [PMID: 36982730 PMCID: PMC10052014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health care problem. About 10% of the general population is affected by CKD, representing the sixth cause of death in the world. Cardiovascular events are the main mortality cause in CKD, with a cardiovascular risk 10 times higher in these patients than the rate observed in healthy subjects. The gradual decline of the kidney leads to the accumulation of uremic solutes with a negative effect on every organ, especially on the cardiovascular system. Mammalian models, sharing structural and functional similarities with humans, have been widely used to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms and test new therapies, but many of them are rather expensive and difficult to manipulate. Over the last few decades, zebrafish has become a powerful non-mammalian model to study alterations associated with human disease. The high conservation of gene function, low cost, small size, rapid growth, and easiness of genetic manipulation are just some of the features of this experimental model. More specifically, embryonic cardiac development and physiological responses to exposure to numerous toxin substances are similar to those observed in mammals, making zebrafish an ideal model to study cardiac development, toxicity, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Coppola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lombari
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Mazzella
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra F. Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Ingrosso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Lauriola M, Farré R, Evenepoel P, Overbeek SA, Meijers B. Food-Derived Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020116. [PMID: 36828430 PMCID: PMC9960799 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher cardiovascular risk compared to the average population, and this is partially due to the plasma accumulation of solutes known as uremic toxins. The binding of some solutes to plasma proteins complicates their removal via conventional therapies, e.g., hemodialysis. Protein-bound uremic toxins originate either from endogenous production, diet, microbial metabolism, or the environment. Although the impact of diet on uremic toxicity in CKD is difficult to quantify, nutrient intake plays an important role. Indeed, most uremic toxins are gut-derived compounds. They include Maillard reaction products, hippurates, indoles, phenols, and polyamines, among others. In this review, we summarize the findings concerning foods and dietary components as sources of uremic toxins or their precursors. We then discuss their endogenous metabolism via human enzyme reactions or gut microbial fermentation. Lastly, we present potential dietary strategies found to be efficacious or promising in lowering uremic toxins plasma levels. Aligned with current nutritional guidelines for CKD, a low-protein diet with increased fiber consumption and limited processed foods seems to be an effective treatment against uremic toxins accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lauriola
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricard Farré
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Björn Meijers
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-344-580
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8
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Fitzpatrick LLJ, Nijman V, Ligabue-Braun R, Nekaris KAI. The Fast and the Furriest: Investigating the Rate of Selection on Mammalian Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120842. [PMID: 36548740 PMCID: PMC9782207 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of venom and the selection pressures that act on toxins have been increasingly researched within toxinology in the last two decades, in part due to the exceptionally high rates of diversifying selection observed in animal toxins. In 2015, Sungar and Moran proposed the 'two-speed' model of toxin evolution linking evolutionary age of a group to the rates of selection acting on toxins but due to a lack of data, mammals were not included as less than 30 species of venomous mammal have been recorded, represented by elusive species which produce small amounts of venom. Due to advances in genomics and transcriptomics, the availability of toxin sequences from venomous mammals has been increasing. Using branch- and site-specific selection models, we present the rates of both episodic and pervasive selection acting upon venomous mammal toxins as a group for the first time. We identified seven toxin groups present within venomous mammals, representing Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla and Monotremata: KLK1, Plasminogen Activator, Desmallipins, PACAP, CRiSP, Kunitz Domain One and Kunitz Domain Two. All but one group (KLK1) was identified by our results to be evolving under both episodic and pervasive diversifying selection with four toxin groups having sites that were implicated in the fitness of the animal by TreeSAAP (Selection on Amino Acid Properties). Our results suggest that venomous mammal ecology, behaviour or genomic evolution are the main drivers of selection, although evolutionary age may still be a factor. Our conclusion from these results indicates that mammalian toxins are following the two-speed model of selection, evolving predominately under diversifying selection, fitting in with other younger venomous taxa like snakes and cone snails-with high amounts of accumulating mutations, leading to more novel adaptions in their toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Lucy Joscelyne Fitzpatrick
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincent Nijman
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Avenida Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre 90050-130, Brazil
| | - K. Anne-Isola Nekaris
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Department of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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9
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El Chamieh C, Liabeuf S, Massy Z. Uremic Toxins and Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: What Have We Learned Recently beyond the Past Findings? Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040280. [PMID: 35448889 PMCID: PMC9028122 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an elevated prevalence of atheromatous (ATH) and/or non-atheromatous (non-ATH) cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to an array of CKD-related risk factors, such as uremic toxins (UTs). Indeed, UTs have a major role in the emergence of a spectrum of CVDs, which constitute the leading cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease. The European Uremic Toxin Work Group has identified over 100 UTs, more than 25 of which are dietary or gut-derived. Even though relationships between UTs and CVDs have been described in the literature, there are few reviews on the involvement of the most toxic compounds and the corresponding physiopathologic mechanisms. Here, we review the scientific literature on the dietary and gut-derived UTs with the greatest toxicity in vitro and in vivo. A better understanding of these toxins’ roles in the elevated prevalence of CVDs among CKD patients might facilitate the development of targeted treatments. Hence, we review (i) ATH and non-ATH CVDs and the respective levels of risk in patients with CKD and (ii) the mechanisms that underlie the influence of dietary and gut-derived UTs on CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolla El Chamieh
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Paris-Saclay University, Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ), INSERM UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France;
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- Pharmacology Department, Amiens University Hospital, F-80000 Amiens, France
- MP3CV Laboratory, EA7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, F-80000 Amiens, France
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Ziad Massy
- Nephrology Department, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, APHP, F-92100 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Z.M.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, 26 Rue d'Ulm, CEDEX 05, 75248 Paris, France
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11
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Yan S, Wang K, Al Naggar Y, Vander Heyden Y, Zhao L, Wu L, Xue X. Natural plant toxins in honey: An ignored threat to human health. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127682. [PMID: 34839979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Consumers often believe that "natural food" is harmless, however naturally occurring toxins in food represent a health risk to humans. Honey as a natural, nutritious sweetener, is one of the most commonly consumed foods throughout the world. However, food safety concerns for honey arise when honeybees collect nectar from poisonous plants such as Rhododendron sp., Coriaria arborea, and Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Such honey contains natural plant toxins. Humans may develop intoxication symptoms after consuming toxic honey; in some cases, it can be fatal. As a result, toxic honey poses an often-ignored threat to public health. Typical plant toxins such as grayanotoxins, triptolides, tutin and pyrrolizidine alkaloids, have been identified in toxic honey. Although different toxic honeys elicit similar symptoms, such as vomiting, nausea, and dizziness, the mechanism of toxicity may be different. Thus, it is necessary to determine the exact toxicity mechanism of different toxins to further develop effective antidotes and cures. Another important challenge is preventing toxic honey from entering the food chain. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has a wide range of applications in the detection of different toxins due to its accuracy and simplicity. More methods, however, are urgently needed to detect multiple plant-derived toxins in honey and its derivatives. Developing uniform international standards for toxin detection during quarantine using advanced techniques is critical for preventing human consumption of toxic honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yan
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle, Germany; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Innovation Research Team of Risk Assessment for Bee Products Quality and Safety of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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12
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Ladant D, Marchot P, Diochot S, Prévost G, Popoff MR, Benoit E. Report from the 27th (Virtual) Meeting on Toxinology, “Toxins: Mr Hyde or Dr Jekyll?”, Organized by the French Society of Toxinology, 9–10 December 2021. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020110. [PMID: 35202137 PMCID: PMC8876628 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The French Society of Toxinology (SFET) organized its 27th annual meeting on 9–10 December 2021 as a virtual meeting (e-RT27). The central theme of this meeting was “Toxins: Mr Hyde or Dr Jekyll?”, emphasizing the latest findings on plant, fungal, algal, animal and bacterial toxins during 10 lectures, 15 oral communications (shorter lectures) and 20 posters shared by ca. 80 participants. The abstracts of lectures and posters, as well as the winners of the best oral communication and poster awards, are presented in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Pascale Marchot
- Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences—Campus Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Sylvie Diochot
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France;
| | - Gilles Prévost
- Institut de Bactériologie, Unité UR-7290 Virulence Bactérienne Précoce, ITI InnoVec, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Michel R. Popoff
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Toxines Bactériennes, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Evelyne Benoit
- CEA, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), Université Paris-Saclay, EMR 9004 CNRS/CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-6908-5685
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13
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Montnach J, Blömer LA, Lopez L, Filipis L, Meudal H, Lafoux A, Nicolas S, Chu D, Caumes C, Béroud R, Jopling C, Bosmans F, Huchet C, Landon C, Canepari M, De Waard M. In vivo spatiotemporal control of voltage-gated ion channels by using photoactivatable peptidic toxins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:417. [PMID: 35058427 PMCID: PMC8776733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactivatable drugs targeting ligand-gated ion channels open up new opportunities for light-guided therapeutic interventions. Photoactivable toxins targeting ion channels have the potential to control excitable cell activities with low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. As proof-of-concept, we develop HwTxIV-Nvoc, a UV light-cleavable and photoactivatable peptide that targets voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels and validate its activity in vitro in HEK293 cells, ex vivo in brain slices and in vivo on mice neuromuscular junctions. We find that HwTxIV-Nvoc enables precise spatiotemporal control of neuronal NaV channel function under all conditions tested. By creating multiple photoactivatable toxins, we demonstrate the broad applicability of this toxin-photoactivation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Montnach
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007, Nantes, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Laila Ananda Blömer
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5588, 38402, St Martin d'Hères, cedex, France
| | - Ludivine Lopez
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007, Nantes, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, F-38120, Saint-Egrève, France
| | - Luiza Filipis
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5588, 38402, St Martin d'Hères, cedex, France
| | - Hervé Meudal
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, rue Charles Sadron, CS 80054, Orléans, 45071, France
| | - Aude Lafoux
- Therassay Platform, IRS2-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Nicolas
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007, Nantes, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Duong Chu
- Queen's University Faculty of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Cécile Caumes
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, F-38120, Saint-Egrève, France
| | - Rémy Béroud
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, F-38120, Saint-Egrève, France
| | - Chris Jopling
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Frank Bosmans
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Corinne Huchet
- Therassay Platform, IRS2-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Landon
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, rue Charles Sadron, CS 80054, Orléans, 45071, France
| | - Marco Canepari
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5588, 38402, St Martin d'Hères, cedex, France
| | - Michel De Waard
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007, Nantes, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France.
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, F-38120, Saint-Egrève, France.
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14
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Coelho GR, da Silva DL, Beraldo-Neto E, Vigerelli H, de Oliveira LA, Sciani JM, Pimenta DC. Neglected Venomous Animals and Toxins: Underrated Biotechnological Tools in Drug Development. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120851. [PMID: 34941689 PMCID: PMC8708286 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the vast repertoire of animal toxins and venoms selected by nature and evolution, mankind opted to devote its scientific attention—during the last century—to a restricted group of animals, leaving a myriad of toxic creatures aside. There are several underlying and justifiable reasons for this, which include dealing with the public health problems caused by envenoming by such animals. However, these studies became saturated and gave rise to a whole group of animals that become neglected regarding their venoms and secretions. This repertoire of unexplored toxins and venoms bears biotechnological potential, including the development of new technologies, therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools and must, therefore, be assessed. In this review, we will approach such topics through an interconnected historical and scientific perspective that will bring up the major discoveries and innovations in toxinology, achieved by researchers from the Butantan Institute and others, and describe some of the major research outcomes from the study of these neglected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Rabelo Coelho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
| | - Daiane Laise da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
| | - Emidio Beraldo-Neto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
| | - Hugo Vigerelli
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Laudiceia Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Moléstias Infecciosas—Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Mozer Sciani
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Carvalho Pimenta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (G.R.C.); (D.L.d.S.); (E.B.-N.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Dao HV, Uesugi A, Uchida H, Watanabe R, Matsushima R, Lim ZF, Jipanin SJ, Pham KX, Phan MT, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Suzuki T. Identification of Fish Species and Toxins Implicated in a Snapper Food Poisoning Event in Sabah, Malaysia, 2017. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090657. [PMID: 34564661 PMCID: PMC8470750 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the coastal countries of Southeast Asia, fish is a staple diet and certain fish species are food delicacies to local populations or commercially important to individual communities. Although there have been several suspected cases of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in Southeast Asian countries, few have been confirmed by ciguatoxins identification, resulting in limited information for the correct diagnosis of this food-borne disease. In the present study, ciguatoxin-1B (CTX-1B) in red snapper (Lutjanus bohar) implicated in a CFP case in Sabah, Malaysia, in December 2017 was determined by single-quadrupole selected ion monitoring (SIM) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Continuous consumption of the toxic fish likely resulted in CFP, even when the toxin concentration in the fish consumed was low. The identification of the fish species was performed using the molecular characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene marker, with a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Lutjanus. This is the first report identifying the causative toxin in fish-implicated CFP in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Viet Dao
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam; (K.X.P.); (M.-T.P.)
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
| | - Aya Uesugi
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan; (A.U.); (H.U.); (R.W.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Hajime Uchida
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan; (A.U.); (H.U.); (R.W.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Ryuichi Watanabe
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan; (A.U.); (H.U.); (R.W.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Ryoji Matsushima
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan; (A.U.); (H.U.); (R.W.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia; (Z.F.L.); (C.P.L.); (P.T.L.)
| | - Steffiana J. Jipanin
- Likas Fisheries Complex, Department of Fisheries Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Ky Xuan Pham
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam; (K.X.P.); (M.-T.P.)
| | - Minh-Thu Phan
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam; (K.X.P.); (M.-T.P.)
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia; (Z.F.L.); (C.P.L.); (P.T.L.)
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia; (Z.F.L.); (C.P.L.); (P.T.L.)
| | - Toshiyuki Suzuki
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan; (A.U.); (H.U.); (R.W.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
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16
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Souto AL, Sylvestre M, Tölke ED, Tavares JF, Barbosa-Filho JM, Cebrián-Torrejón G. Plant-Derived Pesticides as an Alternative to Pest Management and Sustainable Agricultural Production: Prospects, Applications and Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:4835. [PMID: 34443421 PMCID: PMC8400533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pests and diseases are responsible for most of the losses related to agricultural crops, either in the field or in storage. Moreover, due to indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides over the years, several issues have come along, such as pest resistance and contamination of important planet sources, such as water, air and soil. Therefore, in order to improve efficiency of crop production and reduce food crisis in a sustainable manner, while preserving consumer's health, plant-derived pesticides may be a green alternative to synthetic ones. They are cheap, biodegradable, ecofriendly and act by several mechanisms of action in a more specific way, suggesting that they are less of a hazard to humans and the environment. Natural plant products with bioactivity toward insects include several classes of molecules, for example: terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, cyanogenic glucosides, quinones, amides, aldehydes, thiophenes, amino acids, saccharides and polyketides (which is not an exhaustive list of insecticidal substances). In general, those compounds have important ecological activities in nature, such as: antifeedant, attractant, nematicide, fungicide, repellent, insecticide, insect growth regulator and allelopathic agents, acting as a promising source for novel pest control agents or biopesticides. However, several factors appear to limit their commercialization. In this critical review, a compilation of plant-derived metabolites, along with their corresponding toxicology and mechanisms of action, will be approached, as well as the different strategies developed in order to meet the required commercial standards through more efficient methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Lopes Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (J.F.T.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Muriel Sylvestre
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, Fouillole Campus, University of the French West Indies, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France;
| | - Elisabeth Dantas Tölke
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil;
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (J.F.T.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - José Maria Barbosa-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (J.F.T.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Gerardo Cebrián-Torrejón
- COVACHIM-M2E Laboratory EA 3592, Department of Chemistry, Fouillole Campus, University of the French West Indies, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, CEDEX, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre, France;
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17
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Ocampos FMM, de Souza AJB, Antar GM, Wouters FC, Colnago LA. Phytotoxicity of Schiekia timida Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones. Molecules 2021; 26:4197. [PMID: 34299471 PMCID: PMC8304753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylphenalenones, metabolites found in Schiekia timida (Haemodoraceae), are a class of specialized metabolites with many biological activities, being phytoalexins in banana plants. In the constant search to solve the problem of glyphosate and to avoid resistance to commercial herbicides, this work aimed to investigate the phytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of S. timida seeds. The chemical composition of the seed extract was directly investigated by NMR and UPLC-QToF MS and the pre- and post-emergence phytotoxic effect on a eudicotyledonous model (Lactuca sativa) and a monocotyledonous model (Allium cepa) was evaluated through germination and seedling growth tests. Three concentrations of the extract (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/mL) were prepared, and four replicates for each of them were analyzed. Three major phenylphenalenones were identified by NMR spectroscopy: 4-hydroxy-anigorufone, methoxyanigorufone, and anigorufone, two of those reported for the first time in S. timida. The presence of seven other phenylphenalenones was suggested by the LC-MS analyses. The phenylphenalenone mixture did not affect the germination rate, but impaired radicle and hypocotyl growth on both models. The effect in the monocotyledonous model was statistically similar to glyphosate in the lowest concentration (0.25 mg/mL). Therefore, although more research on this topic is required to probe this first report, this investigation suggests for the first time that phenylphenalenone compounds may be post-emergence herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Julia Borim de Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Bauru CEP 17033-360, SP, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Medeiros Antar
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butantã, São Paulo CEP 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
| | - Felipe Christoff Wouters
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
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18
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Gu J, Yan M, Leung PTY, Tian L, Lam VTT, Cheng SH, Lam PKS. Toxicity effects of hydrophilic algal lysates from Coolia tropicalis on marine medaka larvae (Oryzias melastigma). Aquat Toxicol 2021; 234:105787. [PMID: 33677168 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coolia tropicalis is a species of benthic and epiphytic toxic algae, which can produce phycotoxins that intoxicate marine fauna. In this study, the potential toxic effects of C. tropicalis on fish were investigated using larval marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) as a model to evaluate fish behavior, physiological performance, and stress-induced molecular responses to exposure to two sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC20) of hydrophilic algal lysates. Exposure to C. tropicalis lysates inhibited swimming activity, activated spontaneous undirected locomotion, altered nerve length ration, and induced early development abnormalities, such as shorter eye diameter, body as well as axon length. Consistent with these abnormalities, changes in the expression of genes associated with apoptosis (CASPASE-3 and BCL-2), the inflammatory response (IL-1β and COX-2), oxidative stress (SOD), and energy metabolism (ACHE and VHA), were also observed. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms of C. tropicalis toxicity in marine fish in the early life stages and contributes to future ecological risk assessments of toxic benthic dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Priscilla T Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Li Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Veronica T T Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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19
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Fox JW. Report of the 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxins (IECT2021), 16-31 January 2021. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040273. [PMID: 33918925 PMCID: PMC8069557 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jay W Fox
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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20
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Martin OCB, Bergonzini A, Lopez Chiloeches M, Paparouna E, Butter D, Theodorou SDP, Haykal MM, Boutet-Robinet E, Tebaldi T, Wakeham A, Rhen M, Gorgoulis VG, Mak T, Pateras IS, Frisan T. Influence of the microenvironment on modulation of the host response by typhoid toxin. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108931. [PMID: 33826883 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial genotoxins cause DNA damage in eukaryotic cells, resulting in activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) in vitro. These toxins are produced by Gram-negative bacteria, enriched in the microbiota of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, their role in infection remains poorly characterized. We address the role of typhoid toxin in modulation of the host-microbial interaction in health and disease. Infection with a genotoxigenic Salmonella protects mice from intestinal inflammation. We show that the presence of an active genotoxin promotes DNA fragmentation and senescence in vivo, which is uncoupled from an inflammatory response and unexpectedly associated with induction of an anti-inflammatory environment. The anti-inflammatory response is lost when infection occurs in mice with acute colitis. These data highlight a complex context-dependent crosstalk between bacterial-genotoxin-induced DDR and the host immune response, underlining an unexpected role for bacterial genotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane C B Martin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergonzini
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Lopez Chiloeches
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eleni Paparouna
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Deborah Butter
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia D P Theodorou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria M Haykal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Toma Tebaldi
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Wakeham
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikael Rhen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tak Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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21
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Paramashivam S, Balasubramaniam S, Dhiraviam KN. Computational exploration of vicine - an alkaloid glycoside mediated pathological hallmark of adenosine kinase to promote neurological disorder. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:653-667. [PMID: 33496919 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy disease is characterized by the neuronal dysfunction or abnormal neuronal activity of the brain which is regulated by astrocytes. These are glial cells and found to be the major regulators of the brain which are guided by the occurrence of adenosine kinase (ADK) enzyme in the central nervous system (CNS). During the normal physiological environment, ADK maintains the level of adenosine in the CNS. Dysfunction of ADK levels results in accumulation of adenosine levels in the CNS that leads to the pathophysiology of the brain such as astrogliosis which is a pathological hallmark of epileptic seizures. Vicine, an alkaloid glycoside in bitter gourd juice (Momordica charantia) is found to be toxic to the human system if the bitter gourd juice is consumed more. This compound inhibits ADK enzyme activity to lead epilepsy and seizure. Here, the toxic effect of vicine targeting ADK using computational predictions was investigated. The 3-dimensional structure of ADK has been constructed using I-Tasser, which has been refined by ModRefiner, GalaxyRefine, and 3D refine and it was endorsed using PROCHECK, ERRAT, and VADAR. 3D structure of the ligand molecule has been obtained from PubChem. Molecular docking has been achieved using AutoDock 4.2 software, from which the outcome showed the effective interaction between vicine and ADK, which attains binding free energy (∆G) of - 4.13 kcal/mol. Vicine molecule interacts with the active region ARG 149 of ADK and inhibits the functions of ADK that may cause imbalance in energy homeostasis. Also, pre-ADMET results robustly propose in which vicine possesses toxicity, and meanwhile, from the Ames test, it was shown as mutagenic. Hence, the results from our study suggest that vicine was shown to be toxic that suppresses the ADK activity to undergo pathological conditions in the neuronal junctions to lead epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- SathishKumar Paramashivam
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, 625021, India
| | | | - Kannan Narayanan Dhiraviam
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, 625021, India.
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22
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Tuescher JM, Beck CR, Spencer L, Yeremy B, Shi Y, Andersen RJ, Golsteyn RM. Extracts Prepared from a Canadian Toxic Plant Induce Light-Dependent Perinuclear Vacuoles in Human Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020138. [PMID: 33673235 PMCID: PMC7917763 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract We are investigating plant species from the Canadian prairie ecological zone by phenotypic cell assays to discover toxins of biological interest. We provide the first report of the effects of extracts prepared from the shrub Symphoricarpos occidentalis in several human cell lines. S. occidentalis (Caprifoliaceae) extracts are cytotoxic, and, strikingly, treated cells undergo light-dependent vacuolation near the nucleus. The range of irradiation is present in standard ambient light and lies in the visible range (400-700 nm). Vacuolization in treated cells can be induced with specific wavelengths of 408 or 660 nm at 1 J/cm2 energies. Vacuolated cells show a striking phenotype of a large perinuclear vacuole (nuclear associated vacuole, NAV) that is distinct from vesicles observed by treatment with an autophagy-inducing agent. Treatment with S. occidentalis extracts and light induces an intense lamin A/C signal at the junction of a nuclear vacuole and the nucleus. Further study of S. occidentalis extracts and vacuolation provide chemical tools that may contribute to the understanding of nuclear envelope organization and human cell biology. Key Contribution We provide the first description of the biological effects upon human cells of extracts from the toxic plant, Symphoricarpos occidentalis. Treated cells acquire striking nuclear associated vacuoles (NAVs), rarely observed in animal cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Tuescher
- Natural Product and Cancer Cell Laboratories, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (J.M.T); (C.R.B)
| | - Chad R. Beck
- Natural Product and Cancer Cell Laboratories, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (J.M.T); (C.R.B)
| | - Locke Spencer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge AB T1K 3M4, Canada;
| | - Benjamin Yeremy
- Department of Earth, Ocean, Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (B.Y.); (Y.S.); (R.J.A.)
| | - Yutong Shi
- Department of Earth, Ocean, Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (B.Y.); (Y.S.); (R.J.A.)
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Department of Earth, Ocean, Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (B.Y.); (Y.S.); (R.J.A.)
| | - Roy M. Golsteyn
- Natural Product and Cancer Cell Laboratories, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (J.M.T); (C.R.B)
- Correspondence:
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Larpin Y, Besançon H, Babiychuk VS, Babiychuk EB, Köffel R. Small Pore-Forming Toxins Different Membrane Area Binding and Ca 2+ Permeability of Pores Determine Cellular Resistance of Monocytic Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020126. [PMID: 33572185 PMCID: PMC7914786 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) form multimeric trans-membrane pores in cell membranes that differ in pore channel diameter (PCD). Cellular resistance to large PFTs (>20 nm PCD) was shown to rely on Ca2+ influx activated membrane repair mechanisms. Small PFTs (<2 nm PCD) were shown to exhibit a high cytotoxic activity, but host cell response and membrane repair mechanisms are less well studied. We used monocytic immune cell lines to investigate the cellular resistance and host membrane repair mechanisms to small PFTs lysenin (Eisenia fetida) and aerolysin (Aeromonas hydrophila). Lysenin, but not aerolysin, is shown to induce Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space and to activate Ca2+ dependent membrane repair mechanisms. Moreover, lysenin binds to U937 cells with higher efficiency as compared to THP-1 cells, which is in line with a high sensitivity of U937 cells to lysenin. In contrast, aerolysin equally binds to U937 or THP-1 cells, but in different plasma membrane areas. Increased aerolysin induced cell death of U937 cells, as compared to THP-1 cells, is suggested to be a consequence of cap-like aerolysin binding. We conclude that host cell resistance to small PFTs attack comprises binding efficiency, pore localization, and capability to induce Ca2+ dependent membrane repair mechanisms.
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Taylor RB, Hill BN, Langan LM, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW. Sunlight concurrently reduces Prymnesium parvum elicited acute toxicity to fish and prymnesins. Chemosphere 2021; 263:127927. [PMID: 32814137 PMCID: PMC8117398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prymnesium parvum continues to spread globally, producing harmful algal blooms that release toxins known to cause fish kills. While previous work has identified possible P. parvum toxin(s) (e.g., prymnesins, fatty acids, fatty acid amides) and investigated treatment strategies targeted at minimizing cell abundance, studies examining efficacy of treatment approaches to remove toxins are lacking. To understand influences of sunlight on toxins stability and toxicity to fish, acutely toxic P. parvum cultures were exposed to three light scenarios (lab dark control, field dark, and field light) and then evaluated for acute toxicity to fish and prymnesins abundance. Previous work showed acute toxicity to fathead minnow larvae was ameliorated after 2 h of sunlight exposure, and results observed herein found an identical trend. Acute toxicity disappeared in light exposed filtrate, but filtrate exposed to 35 °C without sunlight remained acutely toxic to fish. Additionally, six prymnesins were identified through high-resolution mass spectrometry and abundance corresponded to acute toxicity levels. Prymnesins were present at the highest level in filtrate that was acutely toxic but diminished in filtrate that was exposed to light and correspondingly ameliorated acute toxicity to fish. These findings suggest prymnesins are responsible for measured acute toxicity and are photo-labile, which represents an important implication for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raegyn B Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97178, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Bridgett N Hill
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97178, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Laura M Langan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97178, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97178, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97178, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97224, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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Wang H, Liu S, Xun X, Li M, Lou J, Zhang Y, Shi J, Hu J, Bao Z, Hu X. Toxin- and species-dependent regulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in scallops after exposure to paralytic shellfish toxin-producing dinoflagellates. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 230:105697. [PMID: 33254068 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are membrane-bound proteins involved in exporting various xenobiotic compounds from living cells. Bivalve mollusks can accumulate large amounts of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) from marine dinoflagellates. For aquatic invertebrates, the importance of ABC proteins in multi-xenobiotic resistance has been demonstrated, however, the systematic identification of ABC transporters is very limited. In this study, 64 and 67 ABC genes containing all eight described subfamilies (A to H) were identified in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri), respectively, with massive gene expansion being observed in the ABCC and ABCG subfamilies. The kidney harbored more specifically expressed ABC genes than other organs/tissues, most of which belonged to ABCB, ABCC, and ABCG subfamilies. After feeding the scallops with PST-producing dinoflagellates, the expression of scallop ABC genes in the kidney was regulated in toxin- and species-dependent manners. In total, 20 and 24 ABC genes in Zhikong scallop (CfABCs) were induced after exposure to Alexandrium minutum and A. catenella, with the up-regulated members from both ABCC and ABCG subfamilies mainly showing acute and chronic induction by A. minutum and A. catenella, respectively, while the up-regulated CfABCBs mainly showing chronic induction by both dinoflagellates. In Yesso scallop, only eight ABC genes (PyABCs) were regulated after A. catenella exposure, and all the five up-regulated PyABCs were acutely induced. Our findings imply the functional diversity of scallop ABC genes in coping with PST accumulation, which may contribute to the lineage-specific adaptation of scallops for dealing with algal toxins challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaogang Xun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Moli Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiarun Lou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiaoxia Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Hlaing SMM, Lou J, Cheng J, Xun X, Li M, Lu W, Hu X, Bao Z. Tissue-Biased and Species-Specific Regulation of Glutathione Peroxidase ( GPx) Genes in Scallops Exposed to Toxic Dinoflagellates. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 13:toxins13010021. [PMID: 33396547 PMCID: PMC7824116 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine bivalves could accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by toxic microalgae, which might induce oxidative stress. Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) are key enzymes functioning in the antioxidant defense, whereas our understanding of their roles in PST challenge in bivalves is limited. Herein, through genome-wide screening, we identified nine (CfGPx) and eight (PyGPx) GPx genes in Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) and Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), respectively, and revealed the expansion of GPx3 sub-family in both species. RNA-Seq analysis revealed high expression of scallop GPx3s after D stage larva during early development, and in adult hepatopancreas. However, in scallops exposed to PST-producing dinoflagellates, no GPx was significantly induced in the hepatopancreas. In scallop kidneys where PSTs were transformed to higher toxic analogs, most CfGPxs were up-regulated, with CfGPx3s being acutely and chronically induced by Alexandrium minutum and A. catenella exposure, respectively, but only one PyGPx from GPx3 subfamily was up-regulated by A. catenella exposure. Our results suggest the function of scallop GPxs in protecting kidneys against the oxidative stresses by PST accumulation or transformation. The tissue-, species-, and toxin-dependent expression pattern of scallop GPxs also implied their functional diversity in response to toxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sein Moh Moh Hlaing
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.M.M.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Jiarun Lou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.M.M.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.M.M.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (Z.B.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaogang Xun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.M.M.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (Z.B.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Moli Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.M.M.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.M.M.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-532-82031802 (W.L.); +86-532-82031970 (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.M.M.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (Z.B.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-532-82031802 (W.L.); +86-532-82031970 (X.H.)
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (S.M.M.H.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (Z.B.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Yaker L, Kamel S, Ausseil J, Boullier A. Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease and Uremic Toxins on Extracellular Vesicle Biology. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120811. [PMID: 33371311 PMCID: PMC7767379 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a cardiovascular complication associated with a high mortality rate, especially in patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis or chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD patients, VC is associated with the accumulation of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulphate or inorganic phosphate, which can have a major impact in vascular remodeling. During VC, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo an osteogenic switch and secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are heterogeneous in terms of their origin and composition. Under physiological conditions, EVs are involved in cell-cell communication and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They contain high levels of calcification inhibitors, such as fetuin-A and matrix Gla protein. Under pathological conditions (and particularly in the presence of uremic toxins), the secreted EVs acquire a pro-calcifying profile and thereby act as nucleating foci for the crystallization of hydroxyapatite and the propagation of calcification. Here, we review the most recent findings on the EVs’ pathophysiological role in VC, the impact of uremic toxins on EV biogenesis and functions, the use of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and the EVs’ therapeutic potential in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Yaker
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France; (L.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Saïd Kamel
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France; (L.Y.); (S.K.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie CHU Amiens-Picardie, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- INSERM UMR1043, CNRS UMR5282, University of Toulouse III, F-31024 Toulouse, France;
- CHU PURPAN—Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Avenue de Grande Bretagne, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Boullier
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France; (L.Y.); (S.K.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie CHU Amiens-Picardie, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-322087019
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Chao CT, Lin SH. Uremic Vascular Calcification: The Pathogenic Roles and Gastrointestinal Decontamination of Uremic Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120812. [PMID: 33371477 PMCID: PMC7767516 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic vascular calcification (VC) commonly occurs during advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and significantly increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Uremic toxins are integral within VC pathogenesis, as they exhibit adverse vascular influences ranging from atherosclerosis, vascular inflammation, to VC. Experimental removal of these toxins, including small molecular (phosphate, trimethylamine-N-oxide), large molecular (fibroblast growth factor-23, cytokines), and protein-bound ones (indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate), ameliorates VC. As most uremic toxins share a gut origin, interventions through gastrointestinal tract are expected to demonstrate particular efficacy. The “gastrointestinal decontamination” through the removal of toxin in situ or impediment of toxin absorption within the gastrointestinal tract is a practical and potential strategy to reduce uremic toxins. First and foremost, the modulation of gut microbiota through optimizing dietary composition, the use of prebiotics or probiotics, can be implemented. Other promising strategies such as reducing calcium load, minimizing intestinal phosphate absorption through the optimization of phosphate binders and the inhibition of gut luminal phosphate transporters, the administration of magnesium, and the use of oral toxin adsorbent for protein-bound uremic toxins may potentially counteract uremic VC. Novel agents such as tenapanor have been actively tested in clinical trials for their potential vascular benefits. Further advanced studies are still warranted to validate the beneficial effects of gastrointestinal decontamination in the retardation and treatment of uremic VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Lee J, Lee S, Mayta A, Mrdjen I, Weghorst C, Knobloch T. Microcystis toxin-mediated tumor promotion and toxicity lead to shifts in mouse gut microbiome. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 206:111204. [PMID: 32871519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most prevalent cyanotoxins reported in freshwater. While numerous studies have examined the toxicological impacts of MCs on mammalian systems, very few have examined the chronic impacts of MCs on the gut microbiome of exposed organisms. Our understanding of the relationship of MCs, especially lysed toxic cyanobacteria, and the gut microbiota is very limited. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of MC-LR and Microcystis lysate ingestion on the gut microbiome in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model, simulating a high-risk population and exposure at an environmentally relevant MC level. Mice were assigned to 4 groups (MC-LR; Microcystis lysate; Negative control; Positive (liver carcinogen) control). Fecal samples were collected every 8 weeks. Bacterial community and colony counts were analyzed. The abundance of Firmicutes in the positive control and lysate group was higher than the negative control and MC group. Exposure to MC-LR or lysate was associated with significantly decreased bacterial diversity. A distinct separation of the three groups (MC-LR/lysate/carcinogen) from the negative was much more apparent in their gut microbiome as the exposure time increased. The MC-LR and lysate groups showed gut microbiome structure responding to lipid metabolism disturbance and high stress. Bacterial colony count was significantly lower in all the treated groups than the negative control. Our study highlights that chronic exposure to MC-LR and Microcystis lysate negatively impacts gut microbiome succession and altered the bacterial community structure into the one similar to the carcinogen group, which may indicate that the change favors progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. In a future study, more in-depth investigation is warranted to better understand the liver-gut nexus in promoting liver cancer among those exposed to MC and toxic cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alba Mayta
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Igor Mrdjen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Weghorst
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Thomas Knobloch
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, United States
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Delaunay N, Combès A, Pichon V. Immunoaffinity Extraction and Alternative Approaches for the Analysis of Toxins in Environmental, Food or Biological Matrices. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120795. [PMID: 33322240 PMCID: PMC7764248 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of instrumentation in terms of separation and detection allowed a real improvement of the sensitivity and analysis time. However, the analysis of ultra-traces of toxins in complex samples requires often a step of purification and even preconcentration before their chromatographic analysis. Therefore, immunoaffinity sorbents based on specific antibodies thus providing a molecular recognition mechanism appear as powerful tools for the selective extraction of a target molecule and its structural analogs to obtain more reliable and sensitive quantitative analysis in environmental, food or biological matrices. This review focuses on immunosorbents that have proven their efficiency in selectively extracting various types of toxins of various sizes (from small mycotoxins to large proteins) and physicochemical properties. Immunosorbents are now commercially available, and their use has been validated for numerous applications. The wide variety of samples to be analyzed, as well as extraction conditions and their impact on extraction yields, is discussed. In addition, their potential for purification and thus suppression of matrix effects, responsible for quantification problems especially in mass spectrometry, is presented. Due to their similar properties, molecularly imprinted polymers and aptamer-based sorbents that appear to be an interesting alternative to antibodies are also briefly addressed by comparing their potential with that of immunosorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Delaunay
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Audrey Combès
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
| | - Valérie Pichon
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), CBI ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France; (N.D.); (A.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Rydzewska-Rosołowska A, Sroka N, Kakareko K, Rosołowski M, Zbroch E, Hryszko T. The Links between Microbiome and Uremic Toxins in Acute Kidney Injury: Beyond Gut Feeling-A Systematic Review. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E788. [PMID: 33322362 PMCID: PMC7764335 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last years have brought an abundance of data on the existence of a gut-kidney axis and the importance of microbiome in kidney injury. Data on kidney-gut crosstalk suggest the possibility that microbiota alter renal inflammation; we therefore aimed to answer questions about the role of microbiome and gut-derived toxins in acute kidney injury. PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to October 10, 2020 for relevant studies with an additional search performed on ClinicalTrials.gov. We identified 33 eligible articles and one ongoing trial (21 original studies and 12 reviews/commentaries), which were included in this systematic review. Experimental studies prove the existence of a kidney-gut axis, focusing on the role of gut-derived uremic toxins and providing concepts that modification of the microbiota composition may result in better AKI outcomes. Small interventional studies in animal models and in humans show promising results, therefore, microbiome-targeted therapy for AKI treatment might be a promising possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Rydzewska-Rosołowska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (N.S.); (K.K.); (E.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Natalia Sroka
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (N.S.); (K.K.); (E.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Katarzyna Kakareko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (N.S.); (K.K.); (E.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Mariusz Rosołowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Edyta Zbroch
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (N.S.); (K.K.); (E.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Tomasz Hryszko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (N.S.); (K.K.); (E.Z.); (T.H.)
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Holmar J, de la Puente-Secades S, Floege J, Noels H, Jankowski J, Orth-Alampour S. Uremic Toxins Affecting Cardiovascular Calcification: A Systematic Review. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112428. [PMID: 33172085 PMCID: PMC7694747 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is highly prevalent and associated with increased morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review examines the impact of uremic toxins, which accumulate in CKD due to a failing kidney function, on cardiovascular calcification. A systematic literature search identified 41 uremic toxins that have been studied in relation to cardiovascular calcification. For 29 substances, a potentially causal role in cardiovascular calcification was addressed in in vitro or animal studies. A calcification-inducing effect was revealed for 16 substances, whereas for three uremic toxins, namely the guanidino compounds asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine, as well as guanidinosuccinic acid, a calcification inhibitory effect was identified in vitro. At a mechanistic level, effects of uremic toxins on calcification could be linked to the induction of inflammation or oxidative stress, smooth muscle cell osteogenic transdifferentiation and/or apoptosis, or alkaline phosphatase activity. For all middle molecular weight and protein-bound uremic toxins that were found to affect cardiovascular calcification, an increasing effect on calcification was revealed, supporting the need to focus on an increased removal efficiency of these uremic toxin classes in dialysis. In conclusion, of all uremic toxins studied with respect to calcification regulatory effects to date, more uremic toxins promote rather than reduce cardiovascular calcification processes. Additionally, it highlights that only a relatively small part of uremic toxins has been screened for effects on calcification, supporting further investigation of uremic toxins, as well as of associated post-translational modifications, on cardiovascular calcification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Holmar
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.d.l.P.-S.); (H.N.)
| | - Sofia de la Puente-Secades
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.d.l.P.-S.); (H.N.)
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.d.l.P.-S.); (H.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.d.l.P.-S.); (H.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (S.O.-A.); Tel.: +49-241-80-80580 (J.J. & S.O.-A.)
| | - Setareh Orth-Alampour
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.d.l.P.-S.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (S.O.-A.); Tel.: +49-241-80-80580 (J.J. & S.O.-A.)
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Cheng TH, Ma MC, Liao MT, Zheng CM, Lu KC, Liao CH, Hou YC, Liu WC, Lu CL. Indoxyl Sulfate, a Tubular Toxin, Contributes to the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E684. [PMID: 33138205 PMCID: PMC7693919 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression via its tubulotoxicity. After cellular uptake, IS directly induces apoptotic and necrotic cell death of tubular cells. Additionally, IS increases oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant capacity, which are associated with tubulointerstitial injury. Injured tubular cells are a major source of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which induces myofibroblast transition from residual renal cells in damaged kidney, recruits inflammatory cells and thereby promotes extracellular matrix deposition in renal fibrosis. Moreover, IS upregulates signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation, followed by increases in TGF-β1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and α-smooth muscle actin production, which participate in interstitial inflammation, renal fibrosis and, consequently, CKD progression. Clinically, higher serum IS levels are independently associated with renal function decline and predict all-cause mortality in CKD. The poor removal of serum IS in conventional hemodialysis is also significantly associated with all-cause mortality and heart failure incidence in end-stage renal disease patients. Scavenging the IS precursor by AST-120 can markedly reduce tubular IS staining that attenuates renal tubular injury, ameliorates IS-induced oxidative stress and rescues antioxidant glutathione activity in tubular epithelial cells, thereby providing a protective role against tubular injury and ultimately retarding renal function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Cheng
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (M.-C.M.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Ma
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (M.-C.M.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei 235, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Hou Liao
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (M.-C.M.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Divisions of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei 23148, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (M.-C.M.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 234, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei 242, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (M.-C.M.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei 242, Taiwan
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Leroy K, Pieters A, Tabernilla A, Cooreman A, Van Campenhout R, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Targeting gap junctional intercellular communication by hepatocarcinogenic compounds. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2020; 23:255-275. [PMID: 32568623 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1781010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gap junctions in liver, as in other organs, play a critical role in tissue homeostasis. Inherently, these cellular constituents are major targets for systemic toxicity and diseases, including cancer. This review provides an overview of chemicals that compromise liver gap junctions, in particular biological toxins, organic solvents, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, peroxides, metals and phthalates. The focus in this review is placed upon the mechanistic scenarios that underlie these adverse effects. Further, the potential use of gap junctional activity as an in vitro biomarker to identify non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenic chemicals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Leroy
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alanah Pieters
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
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Koester LR, Poole DH, Serão NVL, Schmitz-Esser S. Beef cattle that respond differently to fescue toxicosis have distinct gastrointestinal tract microbiota. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229192. [PMID: 32701945 PMCID: PMC7377488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) is a widely used forage grass which shares a symbiosis with the endophytic fungus Epichloë coenophiala. The endophyte produces an alkaloid toxin that provides herbivory, heat and drought resistance to the grass, but can cause fescue toxicosis in grazing livestock. Fescue toxicosis can lead to reduced weight gain and milk yields resulting in significant losses to the livestock industry. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial and fungal communities associated with fescue toxicosis tolerance. In this trial, 149 Angus cows across two farms were continuously exposed to toxic, endophyte-infected, fescue for a total of 13 weeks. Of those 149 cows, 40 were classified into either high (HT) or low (LT) tolerance groups according to their growth performance (weight gain). 20 HT and 20 LT cattle balanced by farm were selected for amplicon sequencing to compare the fecal microbiota of the two tolerance groups. This study reveals significantly (q<0.05) different bacterial and fungal microbiota between HT and LT cattle, and indicates that fungal phylotypes may be important for an animal’s response to fescue toxicosis: We found that fungal phylotypes affiliating to the Neocallimastigaceae, which are known to be important fiber-degrading fungi, were consistently more abundant in the HT cattle. Whereas fungal phylotypes related to the genus Thelebolus were more abundant in the LT cattle. This study also found more pronounced shifts in the microbiota in animals receiving higher amounts of the toxin. We identified fungal phylotypes which were consistently more abundant either in HT or LT cattle and may thus be associated with the respective animal’s response to fescue toxicosis. Our results thus suggest that some fungal phylotypes might be involved in mitigating fescue toxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Koester
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Poole
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Nick V. L. Serão
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NVS); (SSE)
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NVS); (SSE)
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Fachi JL, Felipe JDS, Pral LP, da Silva BK, Corrêa RO, de Andrade MCP, da Fonseca DM, Basso PJ, Câmara NOS, de Sales E Souza ÉL, Dos Santos Martins F, Guima SES, Thomas AM, Setubal JC, Magalhães YT, Forti FL, Candreva T, Rodrigues HG, de Jesus MB, Consonni SR, Farias ADS, Varga-Weisz P, Vinolo MAR. Butyrate Protects Mice from Clostridium difficile-Induced Colitis through an HIF-1-Dependent Mechanism. Cell Rep 2020; 27:750-761.e7. [PMID: 30995474 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis is a key factor predisposing intestinal infection by Clostridium difficile. Here, we show that interventions that restore butyrate intestinal levels mitigate clinical and pathological features of C. difficile-induced colitis. Butyrate has no effect on C. difficile colonization or toxin production. However, it attenuates intestinal inflammation and improves intestinal barrier function in infected mice, as shown by reduced intestinal epithelial permeability and bacterial translocation, effects associated with the increased expression of components of intestinal epithelial cell tight junctions. Activation of the transcription factor HIF-1 in intestinal epithelial cells exerts a protective effect in C. difficile-induced colitis, and it is required for butyrate effects. We conclude that butyrate protects intestinal epithelial cells from damage caused by C. difficile toxins via the stabilization of HIF-1, mitigating local inflammatory response and systemic consequences of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luís Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Souza Felipe
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Laís Passariello Pral
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Bruna Karadi da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Renan Oliveira Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mirella Cristiny Pereira de Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Éricka Lorenna de Sales E Souza
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutics Agents, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutics Agents, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Suzana Eiko Sato Guima
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andrew Maltez Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Yuli Thamires Magalhães
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luis Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thamiris Candreva
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Hosana Gomes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bispo de Jesus
- Nano-Cell Interactions Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Laboratory of Citochemistry and Immunocitochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Dos Santos Farias
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Genetics, Evolution Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Patrick Varga-Weisz
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
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Abstract
Bacteroidetes are Gram-negative bacteria that are abundant in the environment as well as in the gut microbiota of animals. Many bacteroidetes encode large proteins containing an N-terminal domain of unknown function, named TANFOR. In this work, we show that TANFOR-containing proteins carry polymorphic C-terminal toxin domains with predicted antibacterial and anti-eukaryotic activities. We also show that a C-terminal domain that is prevalent in TANFOR-containing proteins represents a novel family of antibacterial DNase toxins, which we named BaCT (Bacteroidetes C-terminal Toxin). Finally, we discover that TANFOR-encoding gene neighborhoods are enriched with genes that encode substrates of the type IX secretion system (T9SS), which is involved in exporting proteins from the periplasm across the outer membrane. Based on these findings, we conclude that TANFOR-containing proteins are a new class of polymorphic toxins, and we hypothesize that they are T9SS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Jana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dor Salomon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Bosis
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
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Xun X, Cheng J, Wang J, Li Y, Li X, Li M, Lou J, Kong Y, Bao Z, Hu X. Solute carriers in scallop genome: Gene expansion and expression regulation after exposure to toxic dinoflagellate. Chemosphere 2020; 241:124968. [PMID: 31606578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The solute carriers (SLCs) are membrane proteins that transport many endogenous and exogenous substances such as xenobiotic toxins. Bivalve mollusks, mainly feeding on microalgae, show marked capacity to accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), the most common and hazardous marine biotoxins produced by dinoflagellates. Exploring the SLCs related to PST accumulation in bivalve could benefit our understanding about the mechanisms of PST bioavailability in bivalve and the adaptations of these species. Herein, we provided the first systematic analysis of SLC genes in mollusks, which identified 673 SLCs (PySLCs, 48 subfamilies) in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), 510 (48 subfamilies) in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), and 350 (47 subfamilies) in gastropod owl limpet (Lottia gigantea). Significant expansion of subfamilies SLC5, SLC6, SLC16, and SLC23 in scallop, and SLC46 subfamily in both scallop and oyster were revealed. Different PySLC members were highly expressed in the developmental stages and adult tissues, and hepatopancreas harboured more specifically expressed PySLCs than other tissues/organs. After feeding the scallops with PST-producing dinoflagellate, 131 PySLCs were regulated and more than half of them were from the expanded subfamilies. The trend of expression fold change in regulated PySLCs was consistent with that of PST changes in hepatopancreas, implying the possible involvement of these PySLCs in PST transport and homeostasis. In addition, the PySLCs from the expanded subfamily were revealed to be under positive selection, which might be related to lineage-specific adaptation to the marine environments with algae derived biotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Xun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yangping Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Moli Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiarun Lou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yifan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Habacha S, Mghaieth Zghal F, Boudiche S, Fathallah I, Blel Y, Aloui H, Mourali MS, Brahmi N, Kouraichi N. Toxin-induced cardiac arrest: frequency, causative agents, management and hospital outcome. Tunis Med 2020; 98:123-130. [PMID: 32395801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest (CA) is a public health problem, with various etiologies and a fatal issue in 90-95% of cases. Toxin-induced cardiac arrests (TICA) are poorly described. Scarcity of national data prompted us to carry-out this study. AIM To determine TICA frequency in a Tunisian reference center in toxicology and its hospital prognosis, and to describe its clinical and therapeutic aspects Methods : Data were collected retrospectively over an 8-years period. We included patients admitted for post-CA care with highly suspected or confirmed TICA. Clinical and toxicological data were recorded. RESULTS We recorded 21 cases of TICA, which represented 48.8% of CA. A single toxic agent was incriminated in 90% of cases. Main causative agents identified in our series were pesticides and betablockers: chloralosed (n = 6), carbamate inhibitor of cholinesterase (n = 5), acebutolol (n = 4) and organophosphate (n = 2). One case of opiates and cocaine poisoning was reported. Median duration of "no flow" was 0 minutes. Mean duration of "low flow" was 13.74±9.15 minutes. An initial shockable rhythm was noted only in three patients. Mortality rate was 76% (16/21). Four of the five survivors had a Cerebral Performance Category Scale (CPC) 1, only one patient survived with a CPC 3. Factors associated with mortality were : the duration of "low flow" (p=0.02) and APACHE II score (p=0.014). APACHE II≥29 was the only independent factor (OR=2.0, 95%CI [1.07;3.71]). CONCLUSION TICA were most frequently provoked by pesticides, mortality was high and was independently predicted by APACHE II score.
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Zhao F, Wang P, Lucardi RD, Su Z, Li S. Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E35. [PMID: 31935944 PMCID: PMC7020479 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol or 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol (2,4-DTBP) is a common toxic secondary metabolite produced by various groups of organisms. The biosources and bioactivities of 2,4-DTBP have been well investigated, but the phenol has not been systematically reviewed. This article provides a comprehensive review of 2,4-DTBP and its analogs with emphasis on natural sources and bioactivities. 2,4-DTBP has been found in at least 169 species of bacteria (16 species, 10 families), fungi (11 species, eight families), diatom (one species, one family), liverwort (one species, one family), pteridiphyta (two species, two families), gymnosperms (four species, one family), dicots (107 species, 58 families), monocots (22 species, eight families), and animals (five species, five families). 2,4-DTBP is often a major component of violate or essential oils and it exhibits potent toxicity against almost all testing organisms, including the producers; however, it is not clear why organisms produce autotoxic 2,4-DTBP and its analogs. The accumulating evidence indicates that the endocidal regulation seems to be the primary function of the phenols in the producing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Wang
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA (Z.S.)
| | - Rima D. Lucardi
- Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Zushang Su
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA (Z.S.)
| | - Shiyou Li
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA (Z.S.)
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Calado SLDM, Santos GS, Vicentini M, Bozza DC, Prodocimo V, Magalhães VFD, Cestari MM, Silva de Assis HC. Multiple biomarkers response in a Neotropical fish exposed to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). Chemosphere 2020; 238:124616. [PMID: 31466003 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Alagados Reservoir (Southern Brazil) is used as water supply, and since 2002 there have been reports with a presence of cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins. In order to assess the water quality and the ecological integrity of the reservoir, we evaluated biochemical, genotoxic and osmoregulatory biomarkers in the freshwater cichlid fish (Geophagus brasiliensis) that were exposed to PSTs. The fish were sampled in the Alagados Reservoir in February 2016 (Summer) and were divided in three groups: 1) Reservoir group (RES): fish were collected immediately after sampling; 2) Depuration group (DEP): fish were submitted to the depuration experiment for 90 days in the laboratory; and 3) Reproduction group (REP): fish were kept in the laboratory until the fertilization and the chemical analyses were performed on the offspring (F1 generation). In the RES and DEP the blood, brain, muscle, liver and gills were collected for biochemical, genotoxic and osmoregulatory biomarkers analysis. Our results showed that the fish from the Alagados Reservoir (RES) presented oxidative stress and DNA damage; and after 90 days (DEP), the antioxidant system and DNA damage were recovered. Although PSTs were considered a risk to the ecological integrity of this water body; PSTs concentrations were not found in the tissues of the F1 generation. In addition, the biomarkers used were useful tools to evaluate the effects of environment contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new technologies and monitoring programs in order to reduce cyanobaterial blooms, cyanotoxins and human activities that cause the contamination in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Loise de Morais Calado
- Ecology and Conservation Program Post-Graduation, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Souza Santos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Maiara Vicentini
- Ecology and Conservation Program Post-Graduation, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Deivyson Cattine Bozza
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Viviane Prodocimo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Valéria Freitas de Magalhães
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Avenue Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Bloco G, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Avenue Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
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Abstract
Ricin toxin isolated from the castor bean (Ricinus communis) is one of the most potent and lethal molecules known [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun E Tumer
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
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Longo S, Sibat M, Viallon J, Darius HT, Hess P, Chinain M. Intraspecific Variability in the Toxin Production and Toxin Profiles of In Vitro Cultures of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae) from French Polynesia. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11120735. [PMID: 31861242 PMCID: PMC6950660 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The toxin production and toxin profiles were explored in four clones of G. polynesiensis originating from different islands in French Polynesia with contrasted CP risk: RIK7 (Mangareva, Gambier), NHA4 (Nuku Hiva, Marquesas), RAI-1 (Raivavae, Australes), and RG92 (Rangiroa, Tuamotu). Productions of CTXs, maitotoxins (MTXs), and gambierone group analogs were examined at exponential and stationary growth phases using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. While none of the strains was found to produce known MTX compounds, all strains showed high overall P-CTX production ranging from 1.1 ± 0.1 to 4.6 ± 0.7 pg cell−1. In total, nine P-CTX analogs were detected, depending on strain and growth phase. The production of gambierone, as well as 44-methylgamberione, was also confirmed in G. polynesiensis. This study highlighted: (i) intraspecific variations in toxin production and profiles between clones from distinct geographic origins and (ii) the noticeable increase in toxin production of both CTXs, in particular CTX4A/B, and gambierone group analogs from the exponential to the stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Longo
- Laboratoire de recherche sur les Biotoxines Marines Institut Louis Malardé-UMR 241 EIO, 98713 Papeete-Tahiti, French Polynesia; (J.V.); (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Manoella Sibat
- Laboratoire Phycotoxines, IFREMER, Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France; (M.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Jérôme Viallon
- Laboratoire de recherche sur les Biotoxines Marines Institut Louis Malardé-UMR 241 EIO, 98713 Papeete-Tahiti, French Polynesia; (J.V.); (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Hélène Taiana Darius
- Laboratoire de recherche sur les Biotoxines Marines Institut Louis Malardé-UMR 241 EIO, 98713 Papeete-Tahiti, French Polynesia; (J.V.); (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Philipp Hess
- Laboratoire Phycotoxines, IFREMER, Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France; (M.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Laboratoire de recherche sur les Biotoxines Marines Institut Louis Malardé-UMR 241 EIO, 98713 Papeete-Tahiti, French Polynesia; (J.V.); (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
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Duport C, Alpha-Bazin B, Armengaud J. Advanced Proteomics as a Powerful Tool for Studying Toxins of Human Bacterial Pathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100576. [PMID: 31590258 PMCID: PMC6832400 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exotoxins contribute to the infectious processes of many bacterial pathogens, mainly by causing host tissue damages. The production of exotoxins varies according to the bacterial species. Recent advances in proteomics revealed that pathogenic bacteria are capable of simultaneously producing more than a dozen exotoxins. Interestingly, these toxins may be subject to post-transcriptional modifications in response to environmental conditions. In this review, we give an outline of different bacterial exotoxins and their mechanism of action. We also report how proteomics contributed to immense progress in the study of toxinogenic potential of pathogenic bacteria over the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duport
- SQPOV, UMR0408, Avignon Université, INRA, F-84914 Avignon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Béatrice Alpha-Bazin
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France; (B.A.-B.); (J.A.)
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France; (B.A.-B.); (J.A.)
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Abstract
A number of pathogenic bacteria utilize toxins to mediate disease in a susceptible host. The foodborne pathogen Salmonella is one of the most important and well-studied bacterial pathogens. Recently, whole genome sequence characterizations revealed the presence of multiple novel ADP-ribosylating toxins encoded by a variety of Salmonella serovars. In this review, we discuss both the classical (SpvB) and novel (typhoid toxin, ArtAB, and SboC/SeoC) ADP-ribosylating toxins of Salmonella, including the structure and function of these toxins and our current understanding of their contributions to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Bremer S, Brittebo E, Dencker L, Knudsen LE, Mathisien L, Olovsson M, Pazos P, Pellizzer C, Paulesu LR, Schaefer W, Schwarz M, Staud F, Stavreus-Evers A, Vähänkangas K. In Vitro Tests for Detecting Chemicals Affecting the Embryo Implantation Process. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 35:421-39. [PMID: 17850188 DOI: 10.1177/026119290703500407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bremer
- ECVAM, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
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Hachim MY, Elemam NM, Maghazachi AA. The Beneficial and Debilitating Effects of Environmental and Microbial Toxins, Drugs, Organic Solvents and Heavy Metals on the Onset and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E147. [PMID: 30841532 PMCID: PMC6468554 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system is common amongst young adults, leading to major personal and socioeconomic burdens. However, it is still considered complex and challenging to understand and treat, in spite of the efforts made to explain its etiopathology. Despite the discovery of many genetic and environmental factors that might be related to its etiology, no clear answer was found about the causes of the illness and neither about the detailed mechanism of these environmental triggers that make individuals susceptible to MS. In this review, we will attempt to explore the major contributors to MS autoimmunity including genetic, epigenetic and ecological factors with a particular focus on toxins, chemicals or drugs that may trigger, modify or prevent MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Abstract
Most ribbon worms (phylum: Nemertea) are found in marine environments, where they act as predators and scavengers. They are characterized by an eversible proboscis that isused to hunt for prey and thick mucus covering their skin. Both proboscis and epidermal mucus mediate toxicity to predators and preys. Research into the chemical nature of the substances that render toxicity has not been extensive, but it has nevertheless led to the identification of several compounds of potential medicinal use or for application in biotechnology. This review provides a complete account of the current status of research into nemertean toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Göransson
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Erik Jacobsson
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Malin Strand
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Håkan S Andersson
- Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39231 Kalmar, Sweden.
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Doğanyiğit Z, Silici S, Demirtaş A, Kaya E, Kaymak E. Determination of histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical effects of acute and chronic grayanotoxin III administration in different doses in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:1323-1335. [PMID: 30426365 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grayanotoxin (GTX)-III is a Na-channel neurotoxin. Grayanotoxins can be found in the nectar, pollen, and other plant parts of the Rhododendron genus plants from the Ericaceae family. It is widely believed that honey produced from these plants, which are concentrated in the Black Sea region, is traditionally characterized as enhancing sexual performance. It is thought that the effective factor is dose for this compound, which has both beneficial and toxic effects reported. Therefore, it is aimed to evaluate the histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical effects of acute and chronic impact of GTX-III in different doses on testes tissue in this study. For this purpose, 100 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 5 separate groups for acute and chronic research. While dose groups were (control, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, ve 0.8 μg/kg/bw) for experimental groups, a single dose (i.p.) was administered for acute impact whereas the same doses were administered daily for 3 weeks to assess chronic effect. At the end of the experiment, Johnsen testicular biopsy scoring was performed on testicular tissue samples, seminiferous tubule diameters were measured, and apoptotic cells were evaluated by TUNEL method. Testosterone, LH, and FSH levels were measured by ELISA method in serum and tissue specimens. It was found that Johnsen score of acute doses was significantly lower than the control group, and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules decreased significantly in acute and chronic dose-administered groups compared to the control. Hemorrhage, epithelial shedding, irregularity in seminiferous epithelium, and vacuolization were observed in acute and chronic dose-administered groups, and increase in apoptotic cells was determined. Hormone levels varied depending on the dose. In conclusion, it was found that dose-dependent acute and chronic effects of GTX-III are different, and this factor should be taken into account in studies to be carried out due to the adverse effects of high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Züleyha Doğanyiğit
- Faculty of Medicine Histology-Embryology Department, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Sibel Silici
- Seyrani Agricultural Faculty Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Demirtaş
- Faculty of Medicine Urology Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Kaya
- Faculty of Medicine Pharmacology Department, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Emin Kaymak
- Faculty of Medicine Histology-Embryology Department, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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Guo CC, Xia WW, Zhang AH. [Research progress of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate in cardiovascular complication of end-stage renal diseases]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2018; 70:657-662. [PMID: 30560276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common complications and the main cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. Uremic toxins are the primary cause of cardiovascular disease in renal insufficiency. In patients with chronic kidney disease, the protein-bound uremic toxins represented by indoxyl sulfate are difficult to be removed by conventional dialysis and are extremely toxic. In recent years, studies have confirmed that the occurrence of cardiovascular disease induced by chronic kidney disease is closely related to the accumulation of indoxyl sulfate. Indoxyl sulfate can induce oxidative stress to cause endothelial injury, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and promote the occurrence of atherosclerosis, thereby affecting multiple systems throughout the body. This article reviews the research progress of uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate in end-stage renal diseases associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chu Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei-Wei Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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