1
|
Tan MS, Zulkifli NA, Teng W, Lim PT. Clinical outcomes of children with COVID-19 infection in a low-risk centre in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2023; 78:853-856. [PMID: 38159917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to WHO, long-COVID or post- COVID-19 condition is defined as the continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation. A systematic review and meta-analyses published in 2022, which mainly focus on the Western population, revealed that the prevalence of long COVID was 25.24%. Literature regarding long-COVID in children in Asia was scarce. The objectives of our study were to assess the long-term effect of COVID-19 infection in children and its correlation to their acute COVID- 19 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in Hospital Kepala Batas (HKB), a district hospital in Penang State, Malaysia, which was the designated regional COVID hospital during the pandemic. It was a retrospective observational study, where children who were admitted from November 2020 to March 2021, and attended follow-up clinics from Jan 2021 to May 2021, were recruited. RESULTS This study comprised 90 subjects, from 3 months old to 12 years old, mean of 6.5 years old. When comparing asymptomatic and symptomatic children, children with comorbidities were more likely to be symptomatic with a pvalue of 0.045 using the Pearson Chi-square test. All our patients' symptoms resolved upon discharge. During followup at 2-4 months after COVID-19 infection, all children were reported as back to their usual selves. Fifteen patients had recurrent symptoms. Most of their symptoms pointed towards an acute infection. One patient had two episodes of illness, while the rest had one. The most common symptoms were cough, fever and runny nose. The average duration of illness of these 16 episodes was 4.5 days with a standard deviation of 2.48. None of these symptoms lasted more than seven days. None of them required hospital admission. None of them had recurrent COVID-19 infections. Tweleve out of 72 children who had been going to school stopped physical school after COVID-19 infection. Our findings differed from other studies. These could be due to the limitations that we faced. CONCLUSION Most children who contracted COVID-19 infection recovered fully after acute infection, and most of them recovered fully without long-term sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Tan
- Hospital Kepala Batas, Paediatric Department, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - N A Zulkifli
- Hospital Kepala Batas, Paediatric Department, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - W Teng
- Hospital Kepala Batas, Paediatric Department, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - P T Lim
- Hospital Seberang Jaya, Clinic Research Unit, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdul Manaff AHN, Hii KS, Luo Z, Liu M, Law IK, Teng ST, Akhir MF, Gu H, Leaw CP, Lim PT. Mapping harmful microalgal species by eDNA monitoring: A large-scale survey across the southwestern South China Sea. Harmful Algae 2023; 129:102515. [PMID: 37951609 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale sampling was undertaken during a research cruise across the South China Sea in August 2016, covering an area of about 100,000 km2 to investigate the molecular diversity and distributions of micro-eukaryotic protists, with a focus on the potentially harmful microalgal (HAB) species along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Environmental DNAs from 30 stations were extracted and DNA metabarcoding targeting the V4 and V9 markers in the 18S rDNA was performed. Many protistan molecular units, including previously unreported HAB taxa, were discovered for the first time in the water. Our findings also revealed interesting spatial distribution patterns, with a marked signal of compositional turnover between latitudinal regimes of water masses, where dinophytes and diatom compositions were among the most strongly enhanced at the fronts, leading to distinct niches. Our results further confirmed the widespread distribution of HAB species, such as the toxigenic Alexandrium tamiyavaichii and Pseudo-nitzschia species, and the fish-killing Margalefidinium polykrikoides and Karlodinium veneficum. The molecular information obtained from this study provides an updated HAB species inventory and a toolset that could facilitate existing HAB monitoring schemes in the region to better inform management decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kieng Soon Hii
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhaohe Luo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Minlu Liu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ing Kuo Law
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadzil Akhir
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdullah N, Teng ST, Hanifah AH, Law IK, Tan TH, Krock B, Harris TM, Nagai S, Lim PT, Tillmann U, Leaw CP. Thecal plate morphology, molecular phylogeny, and toxin analyses reveal two novel species of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) and their potential for toxin production. Harmful Algae 2023; 127:102475. [PMID: 37544675 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This study describes two novel species of marine dinophytes in the genus Alexandrium. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses support the placement of the new taxa, herein designated as Alexandrium limii sp. nov. and A. ogatae sp. nov. Alexandrium limii, a species closely related to A. taylorii, is distinguished by having a shorter 2'/4' suture length, narrower plates 1' and 6'', with larger length: width ratios, and by the position of the ventral pore (Vp). Alexandrium ogatae is distinguishable with its metasert plate 1' having almost parallel lateral margins, and by lacking a Vp. Production of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), cycloimines, and goniodomins (GDs) in clonal cultures of A. ogatae, A. limii, and A. taylorii were examined analytically and the results showed that all strains contained GDs, with GDA as major variants (6-14 pg cell-1) for all strains except the Japanese strain of A. limii, which exclusively had a desmethyl variant of GDA (1.4-7.3 pg cell-1). None of the strains contained detectable levels of PSTs and cycloimines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nursyahida Abdullah
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Afiqah Hamilton Hanifah
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ing Kuo Law
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Toh Hii Tan
- Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Bernd Krock
- Section Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Thomas M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt, University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, United States; Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062, United States
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Urban Tillmann
- Section Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu J, Lee WH, Yip KC, Wu Z, Wu J, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Lu CK, Chan LL. Regional comparison on ciguatoxicity, hemolytic activity, and toxin profile of the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus from Kiribati and Malaysia. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162236. [PMID: 36791857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa can produce Ciguatoxins (CTXs) and Maitotoxins (MTXs) that lead to ciguatera poisoning (CP). The CP hotspots, however, do not directly relate to the occurrence of the ciguatoxic Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Species-wide investigations often showed no association between CTX level and the molecular identity of the dinoflagellates. In the Pacific region, Kiribati is known as a CP hotspot, while Malaysia has only three CP outbreaks reported thus far. Although ciguatoxic strains of Gambierdiscus were isolated from both Kiribati and Malaysia, no solid evidence on the contribution of ciguatoxic strains to the incidence of CP outbreak was recorded. The present study aims to investigate the regional differences in CP risks through region-specific toxicological assessment of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. A total of 19 strains of Gambierdiscus and a strain of Fukuyoa were analyzed by cytotoxicity assay of the neuro-2a cell line, hemolytic assay of fish erythrocytes, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Gambierdiscus from both Kiribati and Malaysia showed detectable ciguatoxicity; however, the Kiribati strains were more hemolytic. Putative 44-methylgambierone was identified as part of the contributors to the hemolytic activity, and other unknown hydrophilic toxins produced can be potentially linked to higher CP incidence in Kiribati.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Hin Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ki Chun Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chung Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Leo Lai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JH, Ajani PA, Murray SA, Kang SM, Kim SH, Lim HC, Teng ST, Lim PT, Park BS. Abiotic and biotic factors controlling sexual reproduction in populations of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Bacillariophyceae). Harmful Algae 2023; 123:102392. [PMID: 36894213 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia pungens is a widely distributed marine pennate diatom. Hybrid zones, regions in which two different genotypes may interbreed, are important areas for speciation and ecology, and have been reported across the globe for this species. However, sexual reproduction between differing clades in the natural environment is yet to be observed and is difficult to predict. Here we carried out experiments using two mono-clonal cultures of P. pungens from different genotypes to measure the frequency and timing of sexual reproduction across varying biotic (growth phases and cell activity potential) and abiotic conditions (nutrients, light, turbulence). We found the mating rates and number of zygotes gradually decreased from exponential to late stationary growth phases. The maximum zygote abundance observed was 1,390 cells mL-1 and the maximum mating rate was 7.1%, both which occurred during the exponential growth phase. Conversely, only 9 cells mL-1 and a maximum mating rate of 0.1% was observed during the late stationary phase. We also found the higher the relative potential cell activity (rPCA) in parent cells, as determined by the concentration of chlorophyll a per cell and the ratio of colony formation during parent cultivations, revealed higher mating rates. Furthermore, sexual events were reduced under nutrient enrichment conditions, and mating pairs and zygotes were not formed under aphotic (dark) or shaking culture conditions (150 rpm). In order to understand the sexual reproduction of Pseudo-nitzschia in the natural environment, our results highlight that it is most likely the combination of both biotic (growth phase, Chl. a content) and abiotic factors (nutrients, light, turbulence) that will determine the successful union of intraspecific populations of P. pungens in any given region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Earth and Marine Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Penelope A Ajani
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shauna A Murray
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Su-Min Kang
- Department of Earth and Marine Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chang Lim
- Department of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor Branch Campus, Johor 53300, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Research Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan 16310, Malaysia
| | - Bum Soo Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lau WLS, Teng ST, Lim HC, Hii KS, Leong SCY, Leaw CP, Lim PT. Molecular Detection of the Harmful Raphidophyte Chattonella subsalsa Biecheler by Whole-Cell Fluorescence in-situ Hybridisation Assay. Trop Life Sci Res 2023; 34:99-120. [PMID: 37065805 PMCID: PMC10093768 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Chattonella (Raphidophyceae) are a group of marine protists that are commonly found in coastal waters. Some are known as harmful microalgae that form noxious blooms and cause massive fish mortality in finfish aquaculture. In Malaysia, blooms of Chattonella have been recorded since the 1980s in the Johor Strait. In this study, two strains of Chattonella were established from the strait, and morphological examination revealed characteristics resembling Chattonella subsalsa. The molecular characterization further confirmed the species' identity as C. subsalsa. To precisely detect the cells of C. subsalsa in the environment, a whole-cell fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) assay was developed. The species-specific oligonucleotide probes were designed in silico based on the nucleotide sequences of the large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The best candidate signature regions in the LSU-rRNA and ITS2-rDNA were selected based on hybridisation efficiency and probe parameters. The probes were synthesised as biotinylated probes and tested by tyramide signal amplification with FISH (FISH-TSA). The results showed the specificity of the probes toward the target cells. FISH-TSA has been proven to be a potential tool in the detection of harmful algae in the environment and could be applied to the harmful algal monitoring program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Lik Sing Lau
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Hong Chang Lim
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kieng Soon Hii
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Corresponding author: ,
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Corresponding author: ,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanifah AH, Teng ST, Law IK, Abdullah N, Chiba SUA, Lum WM, Tillmann U, Lim PT, Leaw CP. Six marine thecate Heterocapsa (Dinophyceae) from Malaysia, including the description of three novel species and their cytotoxicity potential. Harmful Algae 2022; 120:102338. [PMID: 36470602 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-four strains of Heterocapsa were established from Malaysian waters and their morphologies were examined by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Three species, H. bohaiensis, H. huensis, and H. rotundata, and three new species, H. borneoensis sp. nov., H. limii sp. nov., and H. iwatakii sp. nov. were described in this study. The three species were differentiated morphologically by unique characteristics of cell size, shape, displacement of the cingulum, shape and position of nucleus, the number and position of pyrenoids, and body scale ultrastructure. The species delimitations were robustly supported by the molecular data. A light-microscopy-based key to species of Heterocapsa is established, with two major groups, i.e., species with a single pyrenoid, and species with multiple pyrenoids. Bioassays were conducted by exposing Artemia nauplii to Heterocapsa densities of 1-5 × 105 cells mL-1, and treatments exposed to H. borneoensis showed naupliar mortality, while no naupliar death was observed in the treatments exposed to cells of H. bohaiensis, H. huensis, H. limii, and H. iwatakii. Naupliar death was observed during the initial 24 h for both tested H. borneoensis strains, and mortality rates increased up to 50% after 72-h exposure. This study documented for the first time the diversity and cytotoxic potency of Heterocapsa species from Malaysian waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afiqah Hamilton Hanifah
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, Malaysia.
| | - Ing Kuo Law
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan 16310, Malaysia
| | - Nursyahida Abdullah
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, Malaysia
| | - Sheryl Uncha Andrew Chiba
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak 94300, Malaysia
| | - Wai Mun Lum
- Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Urban Tillmann
- Section Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan 16310, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan 16310, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Curren E, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Leong SCY. The toxic cosmopolitan cyanobacteria Moorena producens: insights into distribution, ecophysiology and toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:78178-78206. [PMID: 36190622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Moorena producens is a benthic filamentous cyanobacteria that has been widely documented for its toxicity. This cyanobacterium colonizes both temperate (37%) and tropical (63%) regions, making it a cosmopolitan cyanobacterium with a global distribution. M. producens grows across coral reefs in multiple locations but recurringly blooms in Queensland, Australia. Today, nuisance blooms of M. producens have resulted in major disruptions to recreational activities along coastal areas and are known to cause adverse effects on organism and human health upon contact or ingestion. Specifically, marine organisms such as the green turtle Chelonia mydas and hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata were fatally poisoned by M. producens after consumption of this cyanobacterium. Reports record a range of effects on human health, from pain and blistering or even death upon ingestion of contaminated seafood. Blooms of M. producens are triggered by influxes of nitrogen, phosphate and iron, from surrounding coastal runoffs or sewage effluents. Additions of these nutrients can result in an increase in growth rate by 4-16 times. Iron bioavailability also plays a crucial role in bloom formation. A total of 231 natural products from 66 groups were identified from M. producens, with the three dominant groups: malyngamides, microcolins and dolastatins. These bioactive secondary metabolites have displayed toxicities against a range of carcinoma cell lines and organisms such as brine shrimp Artemia salina and goldfish Carassius auratus. This review provides a thorough insight to the distribution, ecophysiology and toxicity of M. producens, with reports on bloom events and implications on organism and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Curren
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore.
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lum WM, Lim HC, Lau WLS, Law IK, Teng ST, Benico G, Leong SCY, Takahashi K, Gu H, Lirdwitayaprasit T, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Iwataki M. Description of two new species Chattonella tenuiplastida sp. nov. and Chattonella malayana sp. nov. (Raphidophyceae) from South China Sea, with a report of wild fish mortality. Harmful Algae 2022; 118:102322. [PMID: 36195418 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fisheries damage caused by Chattonella red tide has been recorded in Southeast Asia. Molecular studies have clarified the presence of two species, Chattonella marina complex and Chattonella subsalsa in the region, unlike East Asia that had only C. marina complex. To elucidate the phylogeography of Chattonella in Asia, further phylogenetic and morphological examinations were carried out with 33 additional culture strains, including the strains isolated during a bloom of Chattonella sp. (up to 142 cells mL-1) that was associated with a wild fish mortality along the northeastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia in 2016, and those from Yellow Sea, where the Chattonella genotypes have not been determined. LSU rDNA and ITS2 trees showed five intrageneric clades in the genus Chattonella, which were clades I and II (C. subsalsa), clade III (C. marina complex) and two new clades, namely clade IV from Thailand and Malaysia, and clade V from Peninsular Malaysia. The positions of the two new clades were different in LSU rDNA and ITS2 trees. LSU rDNA divergences of clades IV and V from the other clades were ≥ 4.01% and ≥ 5.70%, while their ITS2 divergences were ≥ 7.44% and ≥ 16.43%, respectively. Three and five compensatory base changes (CBCs) were observed in the clades IV and V, respectively, when compared to each of their closest clade. Cells from clades IV and V showed similar morphology to C. marina complex and C. subsalsa clade II, including the presence of button-like granules on cell surface and oboe-shaped mucocysts. However, cell size, the number and shape of chloroplasts in Chattonella clades IV and V, and the non-stacked thylakoids penetrated the pyrenoid in C. subsalsa clade II, were distinctive. Based on the diagnostic chloroplast shape, we proposed the designation of clades IV and V to two new species, Chattonella tenuiplastida sp. nov. and Chattonella malayana sp. nov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Mun Lum
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hong Chang Lim
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Winnie Lik Sing Lau
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ing Kuo Law
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Garry Benico
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, 3120, Philippines
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227, Singapore
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | | | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mitsunori Iwataki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Puilingi C, Tan SN, Maeno Y, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Yotsu-Yamashita M, Terada R, Kotaki Y. First record of the diatom Nitzschia navis-varingica (Bacillariophyceae) producing amnesic shellfish poisoning-toxins from Papua New Guinea. Toxicon 2022; 216:65-72. [PMID: 35792190 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To determine the species distribution of an amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxins-producing diatom Nitzschia navis-varingica outside its current restricted geographical distribution range in Asian coastal waters, samples were collected from two sites of Bootless Bay, located on southwest coast of Papua New Guinea near Port Moresby. A total of twenty-one strains of N. navis-varingica were isolated and the clonal cultures established. The species identity was confirmed by molecular characterization based on the ribosomal DNA markers. The LSU rDNA phylogenetic inference revealed a monophyletic clade of all strains, clustered with N. navis-varingica with high bootstrap supports. ASP toxin production in the strains was investigated by HPLC with fluorescence detection and subsequently confirmed for the representative isolates by LC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. All eleven strains from site A showed presence of domoic acid (DA) and isodomoic acid (IB); the toxin quota ranged from 0.70 to 4.63 pg cell-1 (average 2.75 ± 1.26 pg cell-1, n = 11), with the composition of DA and IB of 21 DA: 79 IB. While for strains from site B, four out of ten strains showed presence of DA and IB, with the toxin quota ranged from 1.40 to 3.84 (average 2.57 ± 1.17 pg cell-1, n = 4); the composition was 52 DA: 48 IB. The strains examined in this study were divided into toxic and probably non-toxic groups in ITS2 phylogeny. This represents the first record of domoic acid-producing Nitzschia navis-varingica from Papua New Guinea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clyde Puilingi
- School of Science & Technology, Pacific Adventist University, Private Mail Bag, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea
| | - Suh Nih Tan
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia; China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yukari Maeno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ryuta Terada
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21- 24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kotaki
- Fukushima College, 1-1 Chigoike Miyashiro, Fukushima, 960-0181, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee LK, Leaw CP, Lee LC, Lim ZF, Hii KS, Chan AA, Gu H, Lim PT. Molecular diversity and assemblages of coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) in diverse scleractinian coral species. Mar Environ Res 2022; 179:105706. [PMID: 35872442 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The scleractinian coral-associated symbiotic algae Symbiodiniaceae plays an important role in bleaching tolerance and coral resilience. In this study, coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae communities of 14 reef sites of Perhentian and Redang Islands Marine Parks (Malaysia, South China Sea) were characterized using the high-throughput next-generation amplicon sequencing on the ITS2 rDNA marker to inventory the Symbiodiniaceae diversity from a healthy tropical reef system and to generate a baseline for future studies. A total of 64 coral-Symbiodiniaceae associations were characterized in 18 genera (10 families) of scleractinian corals using the SymPortal analytical framework. The results revealed the predominance of Symbiodiniaceae genera Cladocopium (average 82%) and Durusdinium (18%), while Symbiodinium, Breviolum, Fugacium, and Gerakladium were found as minor groups (<0.01%). Of the 39 Cladocopium and Durusdinium major ITS2 sequences, 14 were considered dominant/sub-dominant, with C3u as the predominant type (63.3%), followed by D1 (15%), C27 (10.1%), and C15 (6.9%). A total of 19 and 13 Cladocopium and Durusdinium ITS2-type profiles were detected across the coral species, respectively. Symbiodiniaceae diversity and richness recorded in this study were higher when compared to other reefs in the proximity. With the increasing coral-Symbiodiniaceae associations archived, the database would provide a baseline to assess the changes of Symbiodiniaceae communities in the coral hosts and to explore the potential adaptive roles of this coral-algal association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Keat Lee
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Li Chuen Lee
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kieng Soon Hii
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Albert Apollo Chan
- Marine Park and Resource Management Division, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, 62628, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu M, Krock B, Yu R, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Ding G, Wang N, Zheng J, Gu H. Co-occurrence of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) ribotypes from the Chinese and Malaysian coastal waters and their toxin production. Harmful Algae 2022; 115:102238. [PMID: 35623696 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bloom-forming dinophyte Alexandrium minutum comprises biogeographic inferred, global and Pacific clades with both toxic and nontoxic strains reported. A. minutum has a wide distribution in the Western Pacific, but to date only a few strains have available DNA sequences. To fully understand its genetic diversity, sampling was undertaken from the Yellow Sea, the East and South China Sea, and five strains of A. minutum and two strains of its sister species, A. tamutum, were established. Their morphology was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, sequences were obtained from both large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA and/or internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Strains of A. minutum are morphologically indistinguishable, characterized by a smaller cell size and a narrow sixth precingular plate. In contrast, A. tamutum has a wider sixth precingular plate. High nucleotide divergences of LSU (D1-D3) rDNA and ITS were revealed amongst strains of A. minutum (10% and 25%, respectively), and A. tamutum (3% and 13%, respectively). Molecular phylogenies based on LSU rDNA and ITS revealed three ribotypes (B-D) of A. minutum, and two ribotypes of A. tamutum in the Western Pacific. Seasonal sampling in the East China Sea to detect A. minutum using the DNA metabarcoding targeting ITS1 region was also performed. Our results showed that the ribotypes B and C of A. minutum co-occurred in the water. Paralytic shellfish toxin (PSTs) of all seven strains was analysed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PSTs were detected only in A. minutum ribotypes B and C with predominance of gonyautoxins 1/4. Our results suggest high diversity and risk potential of this toxic species in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minlu Liu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, D-27570 Germany
| | - Rencheng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Guangmao Ding
- Fishery Resources Monitoring Center of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Na Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gu H, Wang Y, Derrien A, Hervé F, Wang N, Pransilpa M, Lim PT, Leaw CP. Two toxigenic Ostreopsis species, O. cf. ovata and O. siamensis (Dinophyceae), from the South China Sea, tropical Western Pacific. Harmful Algae 2022; 113:102206. [PMID: 35287930 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the dinophyte genus Ostreopsis, seven out of 11 described species are known to produce various toxic compounds that were characterized in the palytoxins family. Species in the genus shared identical thecal plate patterns but differed in size, shape, and thecal plate ornamentation. Two species, O. cf. ovata and O. siamensis, have been reported from the Western Pacific, but information on toxin production is scarce. Here, we established nine strains of Ostreopsis from six localities in the South China Sea (SCS), covering the Gulf of Thailand, northern SCS (Hainan Island, Beibu Bay), and southern SCS (Peninsular Malaysia). Their morphology was examined by light and electron microscopy and the molecular phylogeny was inferred based on the LSU rDNA (D1-D3) and ITS rDNA sequences using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Both O. cf. ovata and O. siamensis, albeit morphologically closely related, can be distinguished by a feature of the thecal pores with pronounced ridges in the latter. Molecular data further supported their species identity. Toxin production in the strains was examined by LC-MS/MS. O. cf. ovata strain T5PRBost02 was observed to produce Ovatoxin-k and Ovatoxin-j2 only; while Ostreocin-B and Ostreocin-D was produced by O. siamensis strain T10PRBost04. This is the first report confirming the production of palytoxins analogs in Ostreopsis species from the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gu
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yinuo Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Amélie Derrien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau CEDEX, France
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), DYNECO, laboratoire Phycotoxines, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, , France
| | - Na Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mitila Pransilpa
- Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, East Gulf of Thailand, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mohd-Din M, Hii KS, Abdul-Wahab MF, Mohamad SE, Gu H, Leaw CP, Lim PT. Spatial-temporal variability of microphytoplankton assemblages including harmful microalgae in a tropical semi-enclosed strait (Johor Strait, Malaysia). Mar Environ Res 2022; 175:105589. [PMID: 35228143 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) were not new to the tropical semi-enclosed Johor Strait, with incident records that could trace back to the 1980s. HAB monitoring in the area, often, is reactive, focusing only on HAB taxa previously causing problems but neglecting potential emerging HABs. To develop datasets on HABs that can better inform and improve management practices, monitoring should expand to sample whole microphytoplankton communities. In this study, microphytoplankton community structure across the Strait was investigated. Abundances of microphytoplankton and a suite of in situ water parameters of temperatures, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen levels, macronutrients, and chlorophyll-a contents were collected at ten sites across the Strait at monthly intervals from January 2017 to December 2018. A total of 48 genera (51 taxa) microphytoplankton were identified microscopically. Diatom was the most diverse group (32 genera), followed by dinophyte (15 genera). Bloom-forming species included diatoms Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Eucampia, Pseudo-nitzschia, Rhizosolenia, Skeletonema, Thalassiosira, and dinophytes Blixaea quinquecornis and Scrippsiella. Diatom taxa that exhibit high in situ growth rates were predominant in the low-nutrient marine-influenced environment. Bloom-forming taxa including HAB taxa were found dominant in the environment with high nutrient levels and mesohaline, salinity-stratified conditions. This study provides valuable baseline data that could assist in monitoring and prediction of HABs in the Johor Strait and could be of reference to other similar tropical coastal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monaliza Mohd-Din
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kieng Soon Hii
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Firdaus Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Taiwan-Malaysia Innovation Center for Clean Water and Sustainable Energy (WISE Centre), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shaza Eva Mohamad
- Department of Environmental and Green Technology (EGT), Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen City, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Teng ST, Abdullah N, Hanifah AH, Tan SN, Gao C, Law IK, Leaw CP, Lim PT. Corrigendum to "Toxic bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia cuspidata (Bacillariophyceae) and domoic acid contamination of bivalve molluscs in Malaysia Borneo" [Toxicon 202 (2021) 132-141]. Toxicon 2022; 205:99. [PMID: 34872755 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Nursyahida Abdullah
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Afiqah Halmiton Hanifah
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Suh Nih Tan
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chunlei Gao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Ing Kuo Law
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mangano MC, Berlino M, Corbari L, Milisenda G, Lucchese M, Terzo S, Bosch-Belmar M, Azaza MS, Babarro JMF, Bakiu R, Broitman BR, Buschmann AH, Christofoletti R, Dong Y, Glamuzina B, Luthman O, Makridis P, Nogueira AJA, Palomo MG, Dineshram R, Sanchez-Jerez P, Sevgili H, Troell M, AbouelFadl KY, Azra MN, Britz P, Carrington E, Celić I, Choi F, Qin C, Dionísio MA, Dobroslavić T, Galli P, Giannetto D, Grabowski JH, Helmuth B, Lebata-Ramos MJH, Lim PT, Liu Y, Llorens SM, Mirto S, Pećarević M, Pita C, Ragg N, Ravagnan E, Saidi D, Schultz K, Shaltout M, Tan SH, Thiyagarajan V, Sarà G. The aquaculture supply chain in the time of covid-19 pandemic: Vulnerability, resilience, solutions and priorities at the global scale. Environ Sci Policy 2022; 127:98-110. [PMID: 34720746 PMCID: PMC8548891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high-quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land- vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal (i.e., farm-site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Mangano
- Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Berlino
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - L Corbari
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - G Milisenda
- Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Lucchese
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - S Terzo
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Fernando Stagno d'Alcontres 3, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - M Bosch-Belmar
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M S Azaza
- Aquaculture Laboratory, National Institute of Marine Science and Technology, 2025 Salammbo, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - J M F Babarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - R Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirane, Albania
| | - B R Broitman
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar Chile & Millenium Institute for Coastal Socio-Ecology (SECOS), Chile
| | - A H Buschmann
- Centro i-mar & CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - R Christofoletti
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/IMar), Brazil
| | - Y Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - B Glamuzina
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - O Luthman
- School of Natural Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Alfred Nobels allé 7, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - P Makridis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio Achaias 26504, Greece
| | - A J A Nogueira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M G Palomo
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology, Natural History Museum of Argentina, CONICET, Argentina
| | - R Dineshram
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
| | - P Sanchez-Jerez
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante. Ap.C. 99. Spain
| | - H Sevgili
- Fisheries Application and Research Center & Department of Aquaculture, Eğirdir Faculty of Fisheries, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Çünür, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden and Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Y AbouelFadl
- Aquatic ecology Department, Faculty of Fish and Fisheries Technology, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - M N Azra
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - P Britz
- Rhodes University, Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - E Carrington
- Department of Biology and Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
| | - I Celić
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, 34151, Italy
| | - F Choi
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - C Qin
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China
| | - M A Dionísio
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - T Dobroslavić
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - P Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - D Giannetto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıktı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey
| | - J H Grabowski
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - B Helmuth
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - M J H Lebata-Ramos
- Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan, Iloilo 5021, Philippines
| | - P T Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaysia, 16310 Bachok Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Y Liu
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - S M Llorens
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - S Mirto
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council (IAS-CNR), Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Pećarević
- Department of Applied Ecology, University of Dubrovnik, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - C Pita
- International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, United Kingdom
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - N Ragg
- Cawthron Institute, Aquaculture Group, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - E Ravagnan
- NORCE Climate&Environment, Nygårdsgaten 112, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - D Saidi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and life, Department of Water and Environment, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Algeria
| | - K Schultz
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - M Shaltout
- Faculty of Science, Department of Oceanography, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - S H Tan
- Centre For Marine & Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - V Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - G Sarà
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle, Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Teng ST, Abdullah N, Hanifah AH, Tan SN, Gao C, Law IK, Leaw CP, Lim PT. Toxic bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia cuspidata (Bacillariophyceae) and domoic acid contamination of bivalve molluscs in Malaysia Borneo. Toxicon 2021; 202:132-141. [PMID: 34600910 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In March 2018, an algal bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia was detected, for the first time, in a semi-enclosed lagoon in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Borneo. The plankton samples were collected for cell enumeration and species identification by electron microscopy and molecular characterization. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to detect and quantify the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) in both the plankton and shellfish samples. The abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia cells ranged from 5.6 × 105 to 3.5 × 106 cell L-1 during the bloom event. Morphological observation of the cells by transmission electron microscopy showed that the plankton samples comprised a single Pseudo-nitzschia morphotype resembling P. cuspidata. The ITS2 sequence-structure phylogenetic inference further supported the species identity as Pseudo-nitzschia cuspidata. Low levels of DA were detected in the plankton samples, with cellular DA, particulate DA, and dissolved DA of 257-504 fg DA cell-1, 676 ng L-1, and 15 ng L-1, respectively. The amount of DA, 8 μg g-1 tissue, was found present in the shellfish sample (Magallana sp.) which is below the regulatory limit of 20 μg DA g-1 tissue. The study documented, for the first time, DA contamination in shellfish that associated with bloom of P. cuspidata in the Western Pacific region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Nursyahida Abdullah
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Afiqah Halmiton Hanifah
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Suh Nih Tan
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chunlei Gao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Ing Kuo Law
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dao HV, Uesugi A, Uchida H, Watanabe R, Matsushima R, Lim ZF, Jipanin SJ, Pham KX, Phan MT, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Suzuki T. Identification of Fish Species and Toxins Implicated in a Snapper Food Poisoning Event in Sabah, Malaysia, 2017. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090657. [PMID: 34564661 PMCID: PMC8470750 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the coastal countries of Southeast Asia, fish is a staple diet and certain fish species are food delicacies to local populations or commercially important to individual communities. Although there have been several suspected cases of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in Southeast Asian countries, few have been confirmed by ciguatoxins identification, resulting in limited information for the correct diagnosis of this food-borne disease. In the present study, ciguatoxin-1B (CTX-1B) in red snapper (Lutjanus bohar) implicated in a CFP case in Sabah, Malaysia, in December 2017 was determined by single-quadrupole selected ion monitoring (SIM) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Continuous consumption of the toxic fish likely resulted in CFP, even when the toxin concentration in the fish consumed was low. The identification of the fish species was performed using the molecular characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene marker, with a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Lutjanus. This is the first report identifying the causative toxin in fish-implicated CFP in Malaysia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Viet Dao
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam; (K.X.P.); (M.-T.P.)
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
| | - Aya Uesugi
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan; (A.U.); (H.U.); (R.W.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Hajime Uchida
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan; (A.U.); (H.U.); (R.W.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Ryuichi Watanabe
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan; (A.U.); (H.U.); (R.W.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Ryoji Matsushima
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan; (A.U.); (H.U.); (R.W.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia; (Z.F.L.); (C.P.L.); (P.T.L.)
| | - Steffiana J. Jipanin
- Likas Fisheries Complex, Department of Fisheries Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Ky Xuan Pham
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam; (K.X.P.); (M.-T.P.)
| | - Minh-Thu Phan
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam; (K.X.P.); (M.-T.P.)
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia; (Z.F.L.); (C.P.L.); (P.T.L.)
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia; (Z.F.L.); (C.P.L.); (P.T.L.)
| | - Toshiyuki Suzuki
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan; (A.U.); (H.U.); (R.W.); (R.M.); (T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shang L, Xu Y, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Wang J, Chen J, Deng Y, Hu Z, Tang YZ. Potent allelopathy and non-PSTs, non-spirolides toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei to phytoplankton, finfish and zooplankton observed from laboratory bioassays. Sci Total Environ 2021; 780:146484. [PMID: 33774286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium has been well known for causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) worldwide. Several non-PSP toxin-producing species, however, have shown to exhibit fish-killing toxicity. Here, we report the allelopathic activity of Alexandrium leei from Malaysia to other algal species, and its toxicity to finfish and zooplankton, via laboratory bioassays. Thirteen microalgal species that co-cultured with Al. leei revealed large variability in the allelopathic effects of Al. leei on the test algae, with the growth inhibition rates ranging from 0 to 100%. The negative allelopathic effects of Al. leei on microalgae included loss of flagella and thus the motility, damages of chain structure, deformation in cell morphology, and eventually cell lysis. The finfish experienced 100% mortality within 24 h exposed to the live culture (2000-6710 cells·mL-1), while the rotifer and brine shrimp exhibited 96-100% and 90-100% mortalities within 48 h when exposed to 500-6000 cells·mL-1 of Al. leei. The mortality of the test animals depended on the Al. leei cell density exposed, leading to a linear relationship between mortality and cell density for the finfish, and a logarithmic relationship for the two zooplankters. When exposed to the treatments using Al. leei whole live culture, cell-free culture medium, extract of algal cells in the f/2-Si medium, extract of methanol, and the re-suspended freeze-and-thaw algal cells, the test organisms (Ak. sanguinea and rotifers) all died at the cell density of 8100 cells·mL-1 within 24 h. Toxin analyses by HILIC-ESI-TOF/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS demonstrated that Al. leei did not produce PSP-toxins and 13-desmethyl spirolide C. Overall, our findings demonstrated potent allelopathy and toxicity of Al. leei, which do not only pose threats to the aquaculture industry, fisheries, and marine ecosystems but may also play a part role in the population dynamics and bloom formation of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yangbing Xu
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jiuming Wang
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yunyan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lum WM, Benico G, Doan-Nhu H, Furio E, Leaw CP, Leong SCY, Lim PT, Lim WA, Lirdwitayaprasit T, Lu S, Nguyen NV, Orlova TY, Rachman A, Sakamoto S, Takahashi K, Teng ST, Thoha H, Wang P, Yñiguez AT, Wakita K, Iwataki M. The harmful raphidophyte Chattonella (Raphidophyceae) in Western Pacific: Its red tides and associated fisheries damage over the past 50 years (1969-2019). Harmful Algae 2021; 107:102070. [PMID: 34456025 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Red tides and associated fisheries damage caused by the harmful raphidophyte Chattonella were reassessed based on the documented local records for 50 years to understand the distribution and economic impacts of the harmful species in the Western Pacific. Blooms of Chattonella with fisheries damage have been recorded in East Asia since 1969, whereas they have been only recorded in Southeast Asia since the 1980s. Occurrences of Chattonella have been documented from six Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam, with mass mortalities mainly of farmed shrimp in 1980-1990s, and farmed fish in 2000-2010s. These occurrences have been reported with the names of C. antiqua, C. marina, C. ovata, C. subsalsa and Chattonella sp., owing to the difficulty of microscopic species identification, and many were not supported with molecular data. To determine the distribution of C. marina complex and C. subsalsa in Southeast Asia, molecular phylogeny and microscopic observation were also carried out for cultures obtained from Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. The results revealed that only the genotype of C. marina complex has been detected from East Asia (China, Japan, Korea and Russia), whereas both C. marina complex (Indonesia and Malaysia) and C. subsalsa (Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) were found in Southeast Asia. Ejection of mucocysts has been recognized as a diagnostic character of C. subsalsa, but it was also observed in our cultures of C. marina isolated from Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, and Russia. Meanwhile, the co-occurrences of the two harmful Chattonella species in Southeast Asia, which are difficult to distinguish solely based on their morphology, suggest the importance of molecular identification of Chattonella genotypes for further understanding of their distribution and negative impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Mun Lum
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Garry Benico
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, 3120, Philippines
| | - Hai Doan-Nhu
- Institute of Oceanography, Viet Nam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Viet Nam
| | - Elsa Furio
- National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Weol Ae Lim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Songhui Lu
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Tatiana Yu Orlova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Arief Rachman
- Research Center for Oceanography, LIPI, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Setsuko Sakamoto
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Hikmah Thoha
- Research Center for Oceanography, LIPI, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Pengbin Wang
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Aletta T Yñiguez
- The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Kazumi Wakita
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Iwataki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chai X, Li X, Hii KS, Zhang Q, Deng Q, Wan L, Zheng L, Lim PT, Tan SN, Mohd-Din M, Song C, Song L, Zhou Y, Cao X. Blooms of diatom and dinoflagellate associated with nutrient imbalance driven by cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in anaerobic sediments in Johor Strait (Malaysia). Mar Environ Res 2021; 169:105398. [PMID: 34171592 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coastal eutrophication is one of the pivotal factors driving occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs), whose underlying mechanism remained unclear. To better understand the nutrient regime triggering HABs and their formation process, the phytoplankton composition and its response to varying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), physio-chemical parameters in water and sediment in Johor Strait in March 2019 were analyzed. Surface and sub-surface HABs were observed with the main causative species of Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Karlodinium. The ecophysiological responses of Skeletonema to the low ambient N/P ratio such as secreting alkaline phosphatase, regulating cell morphology (volume; surface area/volume ratio) might play an important role in dominating the community. Anaerobic sediment iron-bound P release and simultaneous N removal by denitrification and anammox, shaped the stoichiometry of N and P in water column. The decrease of N/P ratio might shift the phytoplankton community into the dominance of HABs causative diatoms and dinoflagellates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China.
| | - Xiaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Kieng Soon Hii
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Qinghui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China.
| | - Lingling Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Lingling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Suh Nih Tan
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia; Institute of Oceanography and Environment, University of Terengganu Malaysia, Malaysia; China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, 43900, Selangor Malaysia.
| | - Monaliza Mohd-Din
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Chunlei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Yiyong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Xiuyun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hii KS, Mohd-Din M, Luo Z, Tan SN, Lim ZF, Lee LK, Leong SCY, Teng ST, Gu H, Cao X, Lim PT, Leaw CP. Diverse harmful microalgal community assemblages in the Johor Strait and the environmental effects on its community dynamics. Harmful Algae 2021; 107:102077. [PMID: 34456026 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are often subjected to anthropogenic disturbances that lead to water quality deterioration and an increase in harmful algal bloom (HAB) events. Using the next-generation molecular tool of 18S rDNA metabarcoding, we examined the community assemblages of HAB species in the Johor Strait, Malaysia between May 2018 and September 2019, covering 19 stations across the strait. The molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of HAB taxa retrieved from the dataset (n = 194) revealed a much higher number of HAB taxa (26 OTUs) than before, with 12 taxa belong to new records in the strait. As revealed in the findings of this study, the diversity and community structure of HAB taxa varied significantly over time and space. The most common and abundant HAB taxa in the strait (frequency of occurrence >70%) comprised Heterosigma akashiwo, Fibrocapsa japonica, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Dinophysis spp., Gymnodinium catenatum, Alexandrium leei, and A. tamiyavanichii. Also, our results demonstrated that the HAB community assemblages in the strait were dependent on the interplay of environmental variables that influence by the monsoonal effects. Different HAB taxa, constitute various functional types, occupied and prevailed in different environmental niches across space and time, leading to diverse community assemblages and population density. This study adds to the current understandings of HAB dynamics and provides a robust overview of temporal-spatial changes in HAB community assemblages along the environmental gradients in a tropical eutrophic coastal ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieng Soon Hii
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Monaliza Mohd-Din
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zhaohe Luo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Suh Nih Tan
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Li Keat Lee
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, S2S Building, Singapore, 119227 Singapore
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiuyun Cao
- Institute of Hydrobiologia, Chinese Academic of Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fu Z, Piumsomboon A, Punnarak P, Uttayarnmanee P, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Wang A, Gu H. Diversity and distribution of harmful microalgae in the Gulf of Thailand assessed by DNA metabarcoding. Harmful Algae 2021; 106:102063. [PMID: 34154784 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Information on the diversity and distribution of harmful microalgae in the Gulf of Thailand is very limited and mainly based on microscopic observations. Here, we collected 44 water samples from the Gulf of Thailand and its adjacent water (Perhentian Island, Malaysia) for comparison in 2018. DNA metabarcoding was performed targeting the partial large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA D1-D3) and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2). A total of 50 dinoflagellate genera (made up of 72 species) were identified based on the LSU rDNA dataset, while the results of ITS1 and ITS2 datasets revealed 33 and 32 dinoflagellate genera comprising 69 and 64 species, respectively. Five potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) species were detected, with four as newly recorded species in the water (Pseudo-nitzschia americana/brasilliana, Pseudo-nitzschia simulans/delicatissima, P. galaxiae and P. multistriata). The highest relative abundances of P. galaxiae and P. multistriata were found in Trat Bay and Chumphon (accounting for 0.20% and 0.06% of total ASVs abundance, respectively). Three paralytic shellfish toxin producing dinoflagellate species were detected: Alexandrium tamiyavanichii, Alexandrium fragae, and Gymnodinium catenatum. The highest abundance of A. tamiyavanichii was found in the surface sample of Chumphon (CHO7 station), accounting for 1.95% of total ASVs abundance. Two azaspiracid producing dinoflagellate species, Azadinium poporum ribotype B, Azadinium spinosum ribotype A, and a pinnatoxin producing dinoflagellate species Vulcanodinium rugosum, with two ribotypes B and C, were revealed from the datasets although with very low abundances. Six fish killing dinoflagellate species, including Margalefidinium polykrikoides group IV, Margalefidinium fulvescens, Karenia mikimotoi, Karenia selliformis ribotype B, Karlodinium australe, and Karlodinium digitatum were detected and all representing new records in this area. The findings of numerous harmful microalgal species in the Gulf of Thailand highlight the potential risk of human intoxication and fish killing events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxu Fu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | | | - Porntep Punnarak
- Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Praderm Uttayarnmanee
- Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Center, Central Gulf of Thailand, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Chumphon 86000, Thailand
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aijun Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Takeuchi Y, Muraoka H, Yamakita T, Kano Y, Nagai S, Bunthang T, Costello MJ, Darnaedi D, Diway B, Ganyai T, Grudpan C, Hughes A, Ishii R, Lim PT, Ma K, Muslim AM, Nakano S, Nakaoka M, Nakashizuka T, Onuma M, Park C, Pungga RS, Saito Y, Shakya MM, Sulaiman MK, Sumi M, Thach P, Trisurat Y, Xu X, Yamano H, Yao TL, Kim E, Vergara S, Yahara T. The
Asia‐Pacific
Biodiversity Observation Network: 10‐year achievements and new strategies to 2030. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Takeuchi
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Muraoka
- River Basin Research Center Gifu University 1‐1 Yanagido, Gifu 501‐1193 Japan
| | - Takehisa Yamakita
- Marine Biodiversity and Environmental Assessment Research Center (BioEnv) Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) 2‐15, Natsushima‐cho, Yokosuka Kanagawa 237‐0061 Japan
| | - Yuichi Kano
- Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society, Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi‐ku, Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
| | - Shin Nagai
- Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology Yokohama Kanagawa 236‐0001 Japan
| | - Touch Bunthang
- Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute of Fisheries Administration #186, Norodom Blvd., Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Mark John Costello
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture Nord Universitet Bodø Norway
- School of Environment University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Dedy Darnaedi
- Universitas Nasional Jakarta Selatan Jakarta 12520 Indonesia
| | - Bibian Diway
- Research, Development and Innovation Division Forest Department Sarawak Kuching Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Tonny Ganyai
- Research and Development Department Sarawak Energy Berhad Kuching Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Chaiwut Grudpan
- Department of Fisheries Ubon Ratchathani University 85 Sathonlamak Rd, Mueang Si Khai, Warin Chamrap District, Ubon Ratchathani 34190 Thailand
| | - Alice Hughes
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Jinghong 666303 China
| | - Reiichiro Ishii
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature 457‐4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita‐ku, Kyoto 603‐8047 Japan
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya Kelantan 16310 Malaysia
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100093 China
| | - Aidy M. Muslim
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) Kuala Terengganu 21030 Malaysia
| | - Shin‐ichi Nakano
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University 2‐509‐3 Hirano, Otsu Shiga, 520‐2113 Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakaoka
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Aikappu 1 Akkeshi Hokkaido 088‐1113 Japan
| | - Tohru Nakashizuka
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature 457‐4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita‐ku, Kyoto 603‐8047 Japan
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Manabu Onuma
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Chan‐Ho Park
- Genetic Resources Information Center National Institute of Biological Resources 42 Hwangyeoung‐ro 42, Seo‐gu, Incheon, 22689 Republic of Korea
| | - Runi Sylvester Pungga
- Research, Development and Innovation Division Forest Department Sarawak Kuching Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Yusuke Saito
- Biodiversity Center of Japan, Ministry of the Environment, Japan Fujiyoshida City Yamanashi 403‐0005 Japan
| | | | | | - Maya Sumi
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Phanara Thach
- Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute of Fisheries Administration #186, Norodom Blvd., Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Yongyut Trisurat
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Xuehong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Biodiversity Committee, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Hiroya Yamano
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies 16‐2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐8506 Japan
| | - Tze Leong Yao
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia Kepong Selangor 52109 Malaysia
| | - Eun‐Shik Kim
- Department of Forestry, Environment, and Systems Kookmin University Seoul 02707 South Korea
| | - Sheila Vergara
- Biodiversity Information Management, ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity, Forestry Campus, UPLB Los Banos Laguna 4031 Philippines
| | - Tetsukazu Yahara
- Department of Biology Kyushu University Hakozaki 6‐10‐1, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka 812‐81 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yñiguez AT, Lim PT, Leaw CP, Jipanin SJ, Iwataki M, Benico G, Azanza RV. Over 30 years of HABs in the Philippines and Malaysia: What have we learned? Harmful Algae 2021; 102:101776. [PMID: 33875175 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the Southeast Asian region, the Philippines and Malaysia are two of the most affected by Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Using long-term observations of HAB events, we determined if these are increasing in frequency and duration, and expanding across space in each country. Blooms of Paralytic Shellfish Toxin (PST)-producing species in the Philippines did increase in frequency and duration during the early to mid-1990s, but have stabilized since then. However, the number of sites affected by these blooms continue to expand though at a slower rate than in the 1990s. Furthermore, the type of HABs and causative species have diversified for both toxic blooms and fish kill events. In contrast, Malaysia showed no increasing trend in the frequency of toxic blooms over the past three decades since Pyrodinium bahamense was reported in 1976. However, similar to the Philippines, other PST producers such as Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium tamiyavanichii have become a concern. No amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) has been confirmed in either Philippines or Malaysia thus far, while ciguatera fish poisoning cases are known from the Philippines and Malaysia but the causative organisms remain poorly studied. Since the 1990s and early 2000s, recognition of the distribution of other PST-producing species such as species of Alexandrium and Gymnodinium catenatum in Southeast Asia has grown, though there has been no significant expansion in the known distributions within the last decade. A major more recent problem in the two countries and for Southeast Asia in general are the frequent fish-killing algal blooms of various species such as Prorocentrum cordatum, Margalefidinium polykrikoides, Chattonella spp., and unarmored dinoflagellates (e.g., Karlodinium australe and Takayama sp.). These new sites affected and the increase in types of HABs and causative species could be attributed to various factors such as introduction through mariculture and eutrophication, and partly because of increased scientific awareness. These connections still need to be more concretely investigated. The link to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) should also be better understood if we want to discern how climate change plays a role in these patterns of HAB occurrences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aletta T Yñiguez
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Steffiana J Jipanin
- Department of Fisheries Sabah, Likas Fisheries Complex, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mitsunori Iwataki
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Garry Benico
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rhodora V Azanza
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Curren E, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Leong SCY. Evidence of Marine Microplastics in Commercially Harvested Seafood. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:562760. [PMID: 33344429 PMCID: PMC7746775 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.562760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is a global issue that has a detrimental impact on food safety. In marine environments, microplastics are a threat to marine organisms, as they are often the same size range as prey and are mistaken as food. Consumption of microplastics has led to the damage of digestive organs and a reduction in growth and reproductive output. In this study, microplastic pollution was assessed across three commercially available shrimp species that were obtained from the supermarkets of Singapore. A total of 93 individuals were studied from the Pacific white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, the Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri and the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Microplastic fibers, fragments, film and spheres were identified from the digestive tract of these organisms. Microplastic abundance ranged from 13.4 to 7050 items. F. indicus exhibited the highest number of microplastics. Microplastic film was the most abundant in L. vannamei individuals (93–97%) and spheres were the most abundant in P. muelleri (70%) and F. indicus (61%) individuals. This study demonstrates that microplastic contamination is evident in commonly consumed shrimp and highlights the role of shrimp in the trophic transfer and accumulation of microplastics in seafood. The consumption of microplastic-containing seafood is a route of exposure to humans and has implications on human health and food security. Capsule: Microplastics were examined in three shrimp species from the supermarkets of Singapore. Microplastics ranged from 13.4 to 7050 items of shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Curren
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mohd-Din M, Abdul-Wahab MF, Mohamad SE, Jamaluddin H, Shahir S, Ibrahim Z, Hii KS, Tan SN, Leaw CP, Gu H, Lim PT. Prolonged high biomass diatom blooms induced formation of hypoxic-anoxic zones in the inner part of Johor Strait. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:42948-42959. [PMID: 32725555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Johor Strait has experienced rapid development of various human activities and served as the main marine aquaculture area for the two countries that bordered the strait. Several fish kill incidents in 2014 and 2015 have been confirmed, attributed to the algal blooms of ichthyotoxic dinoflagellates; however, the cause of fish kill events after 2016 was not clarified and the causative organisms remained unknown. To clarify the potential cause of fish kills along the Johor Strait, a 1-year field investigation was conducted with monthly sampling between May 2018 and April 2019. Monthly vertical profiles of physical water parameters (temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen levels) were measured in situ at different depths (subsurface, 1 m, 5 m, and 8 m) depending on the ambient depth of the water column at the sampling stations. The spatial-temporal variability of macronutrients and chlorophyll a content was analyzed. Our results showed that high chlorophyll a concentration (up to 48.8 μg/L) and high biomass blooms of Skeletonema, Chaetoceros, Rhizosolenia, and Thalassiosira were observed seasonally at the inner part of the strait. A hypoxic to anoxic dead zone, with the dissolved oxygen levels ranging from 0.19 to 1.7 mg/L, was identified in the inner Johor Strait, covering an estimated area of 10.3 km2. The occurrence of high biomass diatom blooms and formation of the hypoxic-anoxic zone along the inner part Johor Strait were likely the culprits of some fish kill incidents after 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monaliza Mohd-Din
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Firdaus Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Taiwan-Malaysia Innovation Center for Clean Water and Sustainable Energy (WISE Centre), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shaza Eva Mohamad
- Department of Environmental and Green Technology (EGT), Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haryati Jamaluddin
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shafinaz Shahir
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaharah Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kieng Soon Hii
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suh Nih Tan
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen City, China
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Song X, Hu Z, Shang L, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Tang YZ. Contact micropredation may play a more important role than exotoxicity does in the lethal effects of Karlodinium australe blooms: Evidence from laboratory bioassays. Harmful Algae 2020; 99:101926. [PMID: 33218448 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple dinoflagellate species from the genus Karlodinium have been well known to form massive and toxic blooms that consequently cause fish kills in many coastal waters around the world. Karlodinium australe is a mixotrophic and potentially ichthyotoxic species associated with fish kills. Here, we investigated phagotrophy of K. australe (isolate KaJb05) established from a bloom event in the West Johor Strait, Malaysia, using several prey species (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and larval fish). The results showed that K. australe ingested relatively small prey cells of co-occurring microalgae by direct engulfment, while it fed on larger prey cells of microalgae by tube feeding. The results of animal exposure bioassays using rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis), brine shrimp (Artemia salina), and larval fish (Oryzias melastigma) demonstrated that phagotrophy (in terms of the trophic mode of the dinoflagellate), or micropredation (in terms of the mechanism of lethal effects on prey), played a more important role than the toxicity did in causing the lethal effects of K. australe on these aquatic animals under low cell densities of K. australe, while the mortalities of animals observed in the exposure to cell lysates of K. australe were solely caused by the toxicity. A comparison of the lethal effects between K. australe and K. veneficum revealed that the lethal effect of K. australe on rotifers was much stronger than that of K. veneficum at all cell densities applied in the experiments and the more "aggressive" micropredation of K. australe is suggested to explain the difference in lethal effect between K. austale and K. veneficum. Our results may explain why K. australe exhibited fish killings during moderate blooms at cell densities < 2.34 × 106 cells L-1, whereas K. veneficum was observed to cause massive fish kills only if the cell density was above 107 cells L-1. We believe these findings provide new insights into the ecological consequences of phagotrophy exhibited in some mixotrophic and harmful algae such as species of Karlodinium and of HAB events in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lixia Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mertens KN, Adachi M, Anderson DM, Band-Schmidt CJ, Bravo I, Brosnahan ML, Bolch CJS, Calado AJ, Carbonell-Moore MC, Chomérat N, Elbrächter M, Figueroa RI, Fraga S, Gárate-Lizárraga I, Garcés E, Gu H, Hallegraeff G, Hess P, Hoppenrath M, Horiguchi T, Iwataki M, John U, Kremp A, Larsen J, Leaw CP, Li Z, Lim PT, Litaker W, MacKenzie L, Masseret E, Matsuoka K, Moestrup Ø, Montresor M, Nagai S, Nézan E, Nishimura T, Okolodkov YB, Orlova TY, Reñé A, Sampedro N, Satta CT, Shin HH, Siano R, Smith KF, Steidinger K, Takano Y, Tillmann U, Wolny J, Yamaguchi A, Murray S. Morphological and phylogenetic data do not support the split of Alexandrium into four genera. Harmful Algae 2020; 98:101902. [PMID: 33129459 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A recently published study analyzed the phylogenetic relationship between the genera Centrodinium and Alexandrium, confirming an earlier publication showing the genus Alexandrium as paraphyletic. This most recent manuscript retained the genus Alexandrium, introduced a new genus Episemicolon, resurrected two genera, Gessnerium and Protogonyaulax, and stated that: "The polyphyly [sic] of Alexandrium is solved with the split into four genera". However, these reintroduced taxa were not based on monophyletic groups. Therefore this work, if accepted, would result in replacing a single paraphyletic taxon with several non-monophyletic ones. The morphological data presented for genus characterization also do not convincingly support taxa delimitations. The combination of weak molecular phylogenetics and the lack of diagnostic traits (i.e., autapomorphies) render the applicability of the concept of limited use. The proposal to split the genus Alexandrium on the basis of our current knowledge is rejected herein. The aim here is not to present an alternative analysis and revision, but to maintain Alexandrium. A better constructed and more phylogenetically accurate revision can and should wait until more complete evidence becomes available and there is a strong reason to revise the genus Alexandrium. The reasons are explained in detail by a review of the available molecular and morphological data for species of the genera Alexandrium and Centrodinium. In addition, cyst morphology and chemotaxonomy are discussed, and the need for integrative taxonomy is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Neil Mertens
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France.
| | - Masao Adachi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | | | - Christine J Band-Schmidt
- Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (IPN-CICIMAR), La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Christopher J S Bolch
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston TAS 7250, Australia
| | - António J Calado
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec Research Unit, University of Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Consuelo Carbonell-Moore
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomérat
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Malte Elbrächter
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung Sylt, Hafenstr. 43, 25992 List/Sylt, Germany
| | - Rosa Isabel Figueroa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Gárate-Lizárraga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Apartado Postal 592, Col. Centro, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografía, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gustaaf Hallegraeff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Philipp Hess
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Mona Hoppenrath
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Takeo Horiguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 8, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Iwataki
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Anke Kremp
- Leibniz Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jacob Larsen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhun Li
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wayne Litaker
- CSS Inc. Under contract to NOS/NOAA, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Lincoln MacKenzie
- Coastal & Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Estelle Masseret
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Kazumi Matsuoka
- C/O Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan
| | - Øjvind Moestrup
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marina Montresor
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Nézan
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France; National Museum of Natural History, DGD-REVE, Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Place de la Croix, 29900 Concarneau, France
| | - Tomohiro Nishimura
- Coastal & Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Yuri B Okolodkov
- Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Laboratorio de Botánica Marina y Planctología, Calle Mar Mediterráneo No. 314, Fracc. Costa Verde, C.P. 94294 Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Yu Orlova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo Street, 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Albert Reñé
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografía, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nagore Sampedro
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografía, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Teodora Satta
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Hyeon Ho Shin
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kirsty F Smith
- Coastal & Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Karen Steidinger
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Avenue SE St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | | | - Urban Tillmann
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jennifer Wolny
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 1919 Lincoln Drive Annapolis, MD 21401 USA
| | - Aika Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 8, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shauna Murray
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim JH, Ajani P, Murray SA, Kim JH, Lim HC, Teng ST, Lim PT, Han MS, Park BS. Sexual reproduction and genetic polymorphism within the cosmopolitan marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10653. [PMID: 32606343 PMCID: PMC7326933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Different clades belonging to the cosmopolitan marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens appear to be present in different oceanic environments, however, a ‘hybrid zone’, where populations of different clades interbreed, has also been reported. Many studies have investigated the sexual reproduction of P. pungens, focused on morphology and life cycle, rather than the role of sexual reproduction in mixing the genomes of their parents. We carried out crossing experiments to determine the sexual compatibility/incompatibility between different clades of P. pungens, and examined the genetic polymorphism in the ITS2 region. Sexual reproduction did not occur only between clades II and III under any of experimental temperature conditions. Four offspring strains were established between clade I and III successfully. Strains established from offspring were found interbreed with other offspring strains as well as viable with their parental strains. We confirmed the hybrid sequence patterns between clades I and III and found novel sequence types including polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the offspring strains. Our results implicate that gene exchange and mixing between different clades are still possible, and that sexual reproduction is a significant ecological strategy to maintain the genetic diversity within this diatom species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.,Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea.,DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul, 158-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Penelope Ajani
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Shauna A Murray
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Joo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Research Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16020, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Myung-Soo Han
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bum Soo Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea. .,Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hilaluddin F, Yusoff FM, Natrah FMI, Lim PT. Disturbance of mangrove forests causes alterations in estuarine phytoplankton community structure in Malaysian Matang mangrove forests. Mar Environ Res 2020; 158:104935. [PMID: 32217292 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effects of environmental changes on phytoplankton community structure in a mangrove ecosystem, phytoplankton distribution in Matang mangrove, Malaysia was examined. Phytoplankton and water samples, and in situ environmental parameters from three estuaries with differing levels of disturbance were examined monthly for one year. Two species, Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana and Skeletonema costatum, were dominant in the least disturbed and moderately disturbed areas, respectively. Skeletonema costatum was also the most dominant in the most disturbed area. Significant differences in phytoplankton density and biodiversity between the least and most disturbed areas were also observed. Principle component 1 (salinity, conductivity, total solids/water transparency and nitrogenous compounds) and PC2 (dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature) explained 60.4% of the total variance. This study illustrated that changes in phytoplankton community structure in Matang mangrove estuaries were significantly correlated with environmental parameters which were in turn influenced by ecosystem disturbance levels as well as seasonal changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fareha Hilaluddin
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F M Yusoff
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - F M I Natrah
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P T Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee HG, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Jipanin SJ. Ciguatera fish poisoning: First reported case in Sabah, Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2019; 74:545-546. [PMID: 31929485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is the most common natural marine toxin poisoning worldwide and yet under recognised in Malaysia. We report the first confirmed case of CFP in Sabah with severe neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal manifestations after consumption of emperor snapper. Early recognition of CFP is important because it will result in improved patient care and public health intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H G Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Infectious Diseases Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - C P Leaw
- University of Malaya, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P T Lim
- University of Malaya, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S J Jipanin
- Likas Fisheries Research Center, Likas, Sabah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Mustapa NI, Yong HL, Lee LK, Lim ZF, Lim HC, Teng ST, Luo Z, Gu H, Leaw CP, Lim PT. Growth and epiphytic behavior of three Gambierdiscus species (Dinophyceae) associated with various macroalgal substrates. Harmful Algae 2019; 89:101671. [PMID: 31672230 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Species of the benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus produce polyether neurotoxins that caused ciguatera fish/shellfish poisoning in human. The toxins enter marine food webs by foraging of herbivores on the biotic substrates like macroalgae that host the toxic dinoflagellates. Interaction of Gambierdiscus and their macroalgal substrate hosts is believed to shape the tendency of substrate preferences and habitat specialization. This was supported by studies that manifested epiphytic preferences and behaviors in Gambierdiscus species toward different macroalgal hosts. To further examine the supposition, a laboratory-based experimental study was conducted to examine the growth, epiphytic behaviors and host preferences of three Gambierdiscus species towards four macroalgal hosts over a culture period of 40 days. The dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus balechii, G. caribaeus, and a new ribotype, herein designated as Gambierdiscus type 7 were initially identified based on the thecal morphology and molecular characterization. Our results showed that Gambierdiscus species tested in this study exhibited higher growth rates in the presence of macroalgal hosts. Growth responses and attachment behaviors, however, differed among different species and strains of Gambierdiscus over different macroalgal substrate hosts. Cells of Gambierdiscus mostly attached to substrate hosts at the beginning of the experiments but detached at the later time. Localized Gambierdiscus-host interactions, as demonstrated in this study, could help to better inform efforts of sampling and monitoring of this benthic toxic dinoflagellate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurin Izzati Mustapa
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaysia, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hwa Lin Yong
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaysia, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Li Keat Lee
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaysia, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaysia, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hong Chang Lim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor Branch Campus, 85000, Segamat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Zhaohe Luo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaysia, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaysia, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang CX, Dong HC, Lundholm N, Teng ST, Zheng GC, Tan ZJ, Lim PT, Li Y. Species composition and toxicity of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia in Taiwan Strait, including P. chiniana sp. nov. and P. qiana sp. nov. Harmful Algae 2019; 84:195-209. [PMID: 31128805 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In a field survey in the Taiwan Strait during April 2016, the species composition and the domoic acid production of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia were investigated. A total of 80 strains of Pseudo-nitzschia were established, and species identification was determined based on a combination of morphological and molecular data. Fourteen taxa were recognized, i.e., P. americana, P. brasiliana, P. calliantha, P. cuspidata, P. galaxiae, P. lundholmiae, P. multiseries, P. multistriata, P. pseudodelicatissima, P. pungens var. aveirensis, P. pungenus var. pungens and P. sabit, as well as two novel species P. chiniana C.X. Huang & Yang Li and P. qiana C.X. Huang & Yang Li. Morphologically, P. chiniana is characterized by striae comprising one or two rows of poroids, and valve ends that are normally dominated by two rows of poroids within each stria. Whereas P. qiana is unique by having a narrow valve width (1.3-1.5 μm) and sharply pointed valve ends. Both taxa constitute their own monophyletic lineage in the phylogenetic analyses inferred from LSU and ITS2 rDNA, and are well differentiated from other Pseudo-nitzschia species. Pseudo-nitzschia chiniana forms a group with P. abrensis and P. batesiana in LSU and ITS trees, whereas P. qiana is sister to P. lineola. When comparing ITS2 secondary structure, five CBCs and seven HCBCs are recognized between P. chiniana and P. abrensis, and four CBCs and ten HCBCs between P. chiniana and P. batesiana. Two CBCs and eight HCBCs are found between P. qiana with P. lineola. The ability of the strains to produce domoic acid was assessed, including a potential toxin induction by the presence of brine shrimps. Results revealed production of domoic acid in six strains belonging to three species. Without presence of brine shrimps, cellular DA (pDA) was detected in four P. multiseries strains (1.6 ± 0.3, 26.6 ± 2.7, 68.3 ± 4.2 and 56.9 ± 4.7 fg cell-1, separately), one strain of P. pseudodelicatissima (0.8 ± 0.2 fg cell-1) and one strain of P. lundholmiae (2.5 ± 0.4 fg cell-1). In the presence of brine shrimps, pDA contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) in P. lundholmiae (strain MC4218) and P. multiseries (strain MC4177), from 2.5 ± 0.4 to 8.9 ± 0.7 and 1.6 ± 0.3 to 37.2 ± 2.5 fg cell-1 respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xiu Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Huan Chang Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Nina Lundholm
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1307, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Guan Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Zhi Jun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Yang Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lim ZF, Luo Z, Lee LK, Hii KS, Teng ST, Chan LL, Chomérat N, Krock B, Gu H, Lim PT, Leaw CP. Taxonomy and toxicity of Prorocentrum from Perhentian Islands (Malaysia), with a description of a non-toxigenic species Prorocentrum malayense sp. nov. (Dinophyceae). Harmful Algae 2019; 83:95-108. [PMID: 31097256 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen isolates of Prorocentrum species were established from the coral reefs of Perhentian Islands Marine Park, Malaysia and underwent morphological observations and molecular characterization. Six species were found: P. caipirignum, P. concavum, P. cf. emarginatum, P. lima, P. mexicanum and a new morphotype, herein designated as P. malayense sp. nov. Prorocentrum malayense, a species closely related to P. leve, P. cf. foraminosum, P. sp. aff. foraminossum, and P. concavum (Clade A sensu Chomérat et al. 2018), is distinguished from its congeners as having larger thecal pore size and a more deeply excavated V-shaped periflagellar area. Platelet arrangement in the periflagellar area of P. malayense is unique, with the presence of platelet 1a and 1b, platelet 2 being the most anterior platelet, and a broad calabash-shaped platelet 3. The species exhibits consistent genetic sequence divergences for the nuclear-encoded large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) and the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2). The phylogenetic inferences further confirmed that it represents an independent lineage, closely related to species in Clade A sensu Chomérat et al. Pairwise comparison of ITS2 transcripts with its closest relatives revealed the presence of compensatory base changes (CBCs). Toxicity analysis showed detectable levels of okadaic acid in P. lima (1.0-1.6 pg cell-1) and P. caipirignum (3.1 pg cell-1); this is the first report of toxigenic P. caipirignum in the Southeast Asian region. Other Prorocentrum species tested, including the new species, however, were below the detection limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fei Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhaohe Luo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Li Keat Lee
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kieng Soon Hii
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Leo Lai Chan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Nicolas Chomérat
- IFREMER, Department ODE, Laboratory Environment and Resources Bretagne Occidentale, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, 29900, Concarneau, France
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Y, Dong HC, Teng ST, Bates SS, Lim PT. Pseudo-nitzschia nanaoensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the Chinese coast of the South China Sea. J Phycol 2018; 54:918-922. [PMID: 30270437 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia nanaoensis sp. nov. is described from waters around Nan'ao Island (South China Sea), using morphological data and molecular evidence. This species is morphologically most similar to P. brasiliana, but differs by a denser arrangement of fibulae, interstriae, and poroids, as well as by the structure of the valvocopula and the narrow second band. Pseudo-nitzschia nanaoensis constitutes a monophyletic lineage and is well differentiated from other species on the LSU and ITS2 sequence-structure trees. Pseudo-nitzschia nanaoensis makes up the basal node on the LSU tree, and forms a sister clade with a group of P. pungens and P. multiseries on the ITS2 tree. The ability of cultured strains to produce domoic acid was assessed, including its possible induction by the presence of a copepod and brine shrimp, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. However, no strains showed detectable domoic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Huan Chang Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Stephen S Bates
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, E1C 9B6
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan, 16310, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Luo Z, Hu Z, Tang Y, Mertens KN, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Teng ST, Wang L, Gu H. Morphology, ultrastructure, and molecular phylogeny of Wangodinium sinense gen. et sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) and revisiting of Gymnodinium dorsalisulcum and Gymnodinium impudicum. J Phycol 2018; 54:744-761. [PMID: 30144373 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Gymnodinium includes many morphologically similar species, but molecular phylogenies show that it is polyphyletic. Eight strains of Gymnodinium impudicum, Gymnodinium dorsalisulcum and a novel Gymnodinium-like species from Chinese and Malaysian waters and the Mediterranean Sea were established. All of these strains were examined with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. SSU, LSU and internal transcribed spacers rDNA sequences were obtained. A new genus, Wangodinium, was erected to incorporate strains with a loop-shaped apical structure complex (ASC) comprising two rows of amphiesmal vesicles, here referred to as a new type of ASC. The chloroplasts of Wangodinium sinense are enveloped by two membranes. Pigment analysis shows that peridinin is the main accessory pigment in W. sinense. Wangodinium differs from other genera mainly in its unique ASC, and additionally differs from Gymnodinium in the absence of nuclear chambers, and from Lepidodinium in the absence of Chl b and nuclear chambers. New morphological information was provided for G. dorsalisulcum and G. impudicum, e.g., a short sulcal intrusion in G. dorsalisulcum; nuclear chambers in G. impudicum and G. dorsalisulcum; and a chloroplast enveloped by two membranes in G. impudicum. Molecular phylogeny was inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference with independent SSU and LSU rDNA sequences. Our results support the classification of Wangodinium within the Gymnodiniales sensu stricto clade and it is close to Lepidodinium. Our results also support the close relationship among G. dorsalisulcum, G. impudicum, and Barrufeta. Further research is needed to assign these Gymnodinium species to Barrufeta or to erect new genera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohe Luo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yingzhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kenneth Neil Mertens
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185, Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Lei Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yong HL, Mustapa NI, Lee LK, Lim ZF, Tan TH, Usup G, Gu H, Litaker RW, Tester PA, Lim PT, Leaw CP. Habitat complexity affects benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages in the fringing reef of Rawa Island, Malaysia. Harmful Algae 2018; 78:56-68. [PMID: 30196925 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the effect of fine-scale habitat differences on the dynamics of benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages. To determine how these microhabitat differences affect the distribution and abundance of the major benthic harmful dinoflagellate genera in a tropical coral reef ecosystem, a field study was undertaken between April-September 2015 and January 2016 on the shallow reef flat of the fringing reef of Rawa Island, Terengganu, Malaysia. Sampling of benthic dinoflagellates was carried out using an artificial substrate sampling method (fiberglass screens). Benthic microhabitats surrounding the sampling screens were characterized simultaneously from photographs of a 0.25-m2 quadrat based on categories of bottom substrate types. Five taxonomic groups of benthic dinoflagellates, Ostreopsis, Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum, Amphidinium, and Coolia were identified, and cells were enumerated using a light microscope. The results showed Gambierdiscus was less abundant than other genera throughout the study period, with maximum abundance of 1.2 × 103 cells 100 cm-2. While most taxa were present on reefs with high coral cover, higher cell abundances were observed in reefs with high turf algal cover and coral rubble, with the exception of Ostreopsis, where the abundance reached a maximum of 3.4 × 104 cells 100 cm-2 in habitats with high coral cover. Microhabitat heterogeneity was identified as a key factor governing the benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages and may account for much of the observed variability in dominant taxa. This finding has significant implications for the role of variability in the benthic harmful algal bloom (BHAB) outbreaks and the potential in identifying BHAB-related toxin transfer pathways and the key vectors in the food webs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Lin Yong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurin Izzati Mustapa
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Li Keat Lee
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Toh Hii Tan
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Gires Usup
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - R Wayne Litaker
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | | | - Po Teen Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Er HH, Lee LK, Lim ZF, Teng ST, Leaw CP, Lim PT. Responses of phytoplankton community to eutrophication in Semerak Lagoon (Malaysia). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:22944-22962. [PMID: 29858995 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effects of aquaculture activities on the environmental parameters and phytoplankton community structure were investigated in a semi-enclosed lagoon located at Semerak River, Malaysia. Elevated concentrations of phosphate and ammonia were observed at the aquaculture area and the inner lagoon. Relatively low dissolved oxygen, high total chlorophyll a, and high phytoplankton abundances but low species richness were recorded. Chaetoceros, Pseudo-nitzschia brasiliana, Blixaea quinquecornis, and Skeletonema blooms were observed, and some were associated with anoxia condition. Eutrophication level assessed by UNTRIX suggests that the water quality in the lagoon is deteriorating. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen at the impacted area were 15 and 12 times higher than the reference sites, respectively. Such trophic status indices could provide a useful guideline for optimal aquaculture management plan to reduce the environmental impact caused by aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huey Hui Er
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Li Keat Lee
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lim HC, Tan SN, Teng ST, Lundholm N, Orive E, David H, Quijano-Scheggia S, Leong SCY, Wolf M, Bates SS, Lim PT, Leaw CP. Phylogeny and species delineation in the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyta) using cox1, LSU, and ITS2 rRNA genes: A perspective in character evolution. J Phycol 2018; 54:234-248. [PMID: 29377161 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of the mitochondrial cox1, the nuclear-encoded large subunit (LSU), and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) RNA coding region of Pseudo-nitzschia revealed that the P. pseudodelicatissima complex can be phylogenetically grouped into three distinct clades (Groups I-III), while the P. delicatissima complex forms another distinct clade (Group IV) in both the LSU and ITS2 phylogenetic trees. It was elucidated that comprehensive taxon sampling (sampling of sequences), selection of appropriate target genes and outgroup, and alignment strategies influenced the phylogenetic accuracy. Based on the genetic divergence, ITS2 resulted in the most resolved trees, followed by cox1 and LSU. The morphological characters available for Pseudo-nitzschia, although limited in number, were overall in agreement with the phylogenies when mapped onto the ITS2 tree. Information on the presence/absence of a central nodule, number of rows of poroids in each stria, and of sectors dividing the poroids mapped onto the ITS2 tree revealed the evolution of the recently diverged species. The morphologically based species complexes showed evolutionary relevance in agreement with molecular phylogeny inferred from ITS2 sequence-structure data. The data set of the hypervariable region of ITS2 improved the phylogenetic inference compared to the cox1 and LSU data sets. The taxonomic status of P. cuspidata and P. pseudodelicatissima requires further elucidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang Lim
- Department of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor Branch Campus, 85000, Segamat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Suh Nih Tan
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nina Lundholm
- The Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83S, DK-1307, Kbh K, Denmark
| | - Emma Orive
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, Apdo 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Helena David
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sonia Quijano-Scheggia
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Oceanologicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Manzanillo-Barra de Navidad Km 19.5, Colonia El Naranjo. C.P, 28860, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227
| | - Matthias Wolf
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, D-97074, Germany
| | - Stephen S Bates
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, E1C 9B6
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mertens KN, Carbonell-Moore MC, Pospelova V, Head MJ, Highfield A, Schroeder D, Gu H, Andree KB, Fernandez M, Yamaguchi A, Takano Y, Matsuoka K, Nézan E, Bilien G, Okolodkov Y, Koike K, Hoppenrath M, Pfaff M, Pitcher G, Al-Muftah A, Rochon A, Lim PT, Leaw CP, Lim ZF, Ellegaard M. Pentaplacodinium saltonense gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) and its relationship to the cyst-defined genus Operculodinium and yessotoxin-producing Protoceratium reticulatum. Harmful Algae 2018; 71:57-77. [PMID: 29306397 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strains of a dinoflagellate from the Salton Sea, previously identified as Protoceratium reticulatum and yessotoxin producing, have been reexamined morphologically and genetically and Pentaplacodinium saltonense n. gen. et sp. is erected to accommodate this species. Pentaplacodinium saltonense differs from Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparède et Lachmann 1859) Bütschli 1885 in the number of precingular plates (five vs. six), cingular displacement (two widths vs. one), and distinct cyst morphology. Incubation experiments (excystment and encystment) show that the resting cyst of Pentaplacodinium saltonense is morphologically most similar to the cyst-defined species Operculodinium israelianum (Rossignol, 1962) Wall (1967) and O. psilatum Wall (1967). Collections of comparative material from around the globe (including Protoceratium reticulatum and the genus Ceratocorys) and single cell PCR were used to clarify molecular phylogenies. Variable regions in the LSU (three new sequences), SSU (12 new sequences) and intergenic ITS 1-2 (14 new sequences) were obtained. These show that Pentaplacodinium saltonense and Protoceratium reticulatum form two distinct clades. Pentaplacodinium saltonense forms a monophyletic clade with several unidentified strains from Malaysia. LSU and SSU rDNA sequences of three species of Ceratocorys (C. armata, C. gourreti, C. horrida) from the Mediterranean and several other unidentified strains from Malaysia form a well-supported sister clade. The unique phylogenetic position of an unidentified strain from Hawaii is also documented and requires further examination. In addition, based on the V9 SSU topology (bootstrap values >80%), specimens from Elands Bay (South Africa), originally described as Gonyaulax grindleyi by Reinecke (1967), cluster with Protoceratium reticulatum. The known range of Pentaplacodinium saltonense is tropical to subtropical, and its cyst is recorded as a fossil in upper Cenozoic sediments. Protoceratium reticulatum and Pentaplacodinium saltonense seem to inhabit different niches: motile stages of these dinoflagellates have not been found in the same plankton sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Neil Mertens
- Research Unit for Palaeontology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 s8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M Consuelo Carbonell-Moore
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Sciences, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA
| | - Vera Pospelova
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, OEASB A405, P.O. Box 1700 Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Martin J Head
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Andrea Highfield
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Schroeder
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Crta. Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain
| | | | - Aika Yamaguchi
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Takano
- Institute for East China Sea Research (ECSER), Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
| | - Kazumi Matsuoka
- Institute for East China Sea Research (ECSER), Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Nézan
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Gwenael Bilien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Yuri Okolodkov
- Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Calle Hidalgo núm. 617, Colonia Río Jamapa, Boca del Río, 94290 Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Mona Hoppenrath
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung (DZMB), Südstrand 44, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Maya Pfaff
- Marine Biology Research Center, Ma-RE Institute, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Grant Pitcher
- Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - André Rochon
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Marianne Ellegaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lau WLS, Law IK, Liow GR, Hii KS, Usup G, Lim PT, Leaw CP. Life-history stages of natural bloom populations and the bloom dynamics of a tropical Asian ribotype of Alexandrium minutum. Harmful Algae 2017; 70:52-63. [PMID: 29169568 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, a remarkably high density bloom of Alexandrium minutum occurred in Sungai Geting, a semi-enclosed lagoon situated in the northeast of Peninsular Malaysia, causing severe discoloration and contaminated the benthic clams (Polymesoda). Plankton and water samples were collected to investigate the mechanisms of bloom development of this toxic species. Analysis of bloom samples using flow cytometry indicated that the bloom was initiated by the process of active excystment, as planomycetes (>4C cells) were observed in the early stage of the bloom. Increase in planozygotes (2C cells) was evident during the middle stage of the bloom, coinciding with an abrupt decrease in salinity and increase of temperature. The bloom was sustained through the combination of binary division of vegetative cells, division of planozygotes, and cyst germination through continuous excystment. Nutrient depletion followed by precipitation subsequently caused the bloom to terminate. This study provides the first continuous record of in situ life-cycle stages of a natural bloom population of A. minutum through a complete bloom cycle. The event has provided a fundamental understanding of the pelagic life-cycle stages of this tropical dinoflagellate, and demonstrated a unique bloom development characteristic shared among toxic Alexandrium species in coastal embayments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Lik Sing Lau
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ing Kuo Law
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Guat Ru Liow
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kieng Soon Hii
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Gires Usup
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dai X, Mak YL, Lu CK, Mei HH, Wu JJ, Lee WH, Chan LL, Lim PT, Mustapa NI, Lim HC, Wolf M, Li D, Luo Z, Gu H, Leaw CP, Lu D. Taxonomic assignment of the benthic toxigenic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus sp. type 6 as Gambierdiscus balechii (Dinophyceae), including its distribution and ciguatoxicity. Harmful Algae 2017; 67:107-118. [PMID: 28755713 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Gambierdiscus species flagged several new species and genotypes, thus leading to revitalizing its systematics. The inter-relationships of clades revealed by the primary sequence information of nuclear ribosomal genes (rDNA), however, can sometimes be equivocal, and therefore, in this study, the taxonomic status of a ribotype, Gambierdiscus sp. type 6, was evaluated using specimens collected from the original locality, Marakei Island, Republic of Kiribati; and specimens found in Rawa Island, Peninsular Malaysia, were further used for comparison. Morphologically, the ribotype cells resembled G. scabrosus, G. belizeanus, G. balechii, G. cheloniae and G. lapillus in thecal ornamentation, where the thecal surfaces are reticulate-foveated, but differed from G. scabrosus by its hatchet-shaped Plate 2', and G. belizeanus by the asymmetrical Plate 3'. To identify the phylogenetic relationship of this ribotype, a large dataset of the large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) rDNAs were compiled, and performed comprehensive analyses, using Bayesian-inference, maximum-parsimony, and maximum-likelihood, for the latter two incorporating the sequence-structure information of the SSU rDNA. Both the LSU and SSU rDNA phylogenetic trees displayed an identical topology and supported the hypothesis that the relationship between Gambierdiscus sp. type 6 and G. balechii was monophyletic. As a result, the taxonomic status of Gambierdiscus sp. type 6 was revised, and assigned as Gambierdiscus balechii. Toxicity analysis using neuroblastoma N2A assay confirmed that the Central Pacific strains were toxic, ranging from 1.1 to 19.9 fg P-CTX-1 eq cell-1, but no toxicity was detected in a Western Pacific strain. This suggested that the species might be one of the species contributing to the high incidence rate of ciguatera fish poisoning in Marakei Island.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yim Ling Mak
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1, Sec. 2, Linong St, Beitou District, Taipei 1121, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience and Institute of Genomics, National Yang Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Hsuan Mei
- Department of Bioscience and Institute of Genomics, National Yang Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Jia Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Key Laboratory in Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wai Hin Lee
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Leo Lai Chan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurin Izzati Mustapa
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hong Chang Lim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor Branch Campus, 85000 Segamat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Matthias Wolf
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dongrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhaohe Luo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Douding Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory in Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Luo Z, Yang W, Leaw CP, Pospelova V, Bilien G, Liow GR, Lim PT, Gu H. Cryptic diversity within the harmful dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea in coastal Chinese waters is related to differentiated ecological niches. Harmful Algae 2017; 66:88-96. [PMID: 28602257 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the harmful dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea are responsible for the mass mortality of fish and invertebrates in coastal waters. This cosmopolitan species includes several genetically differentiated clades. Four clonal cultures were established by isolating single cells from Xiamen Harbour (the East China Sea) for morphological and genetic analyses. The cultures displayed identical morphology but were genetically different, thus revealing presence of cryptic diversity in the study area. New details of the apical structure complex of Akashiwo sanguinea were also found. To investigate whether the observed cryptic diversity was related to environmental differentiation, 634 cells were obtained from seasonal water samples collected from 2008 to 2012. These cells were sequenced by single-cell PCR. For comparison with Chinese material, additional large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences were obtained for three established strains from Malaysian and French waters. To examine potential ecological differentiation of the distinct genotypes, growth responses of the studied strains were tested under laboratory conditions at temperatures of 12°C to 33°C. These experiments showed four distinct ribotypes of A. sanguinea globally, with the ribotypes A and B co-occuring in Xiamen Harbour. Ribotype A of A. sanguinea was present year-round in Xiamen Harbour, but it only bloomed in the winter and spring, thus corresponding to the winter type. In contrast, A. sanguinea ribotype B bloomed only in the summer, corresponding to the summer type. This differentiation supports the temperature optimum conditions that were established for these two ribotypes in the laboratory. Ribotype A grew better at lower temperatures compared to ribotype B which preferred higher temperatures. These findings support the idea that various ribotypes of A. sanguinea correspond to distinct ecotypes and allopatric speciation occurred in different climatic regions followed by dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohe Luo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Vera Pospelova
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, OEASB A405, P. O. Box 1700 16 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Gwenael Bilien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Guat Ru Liow
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tan SN, Teng ST, Lim HC, Kotaki Y, Bates SS, Leaw CP, Lim PT. Diatom Nitzschia navis-varingica (Bacillariophyceae) and its domoic acid production from the mangrove environments of Malaysia. Harmful Algae 2016; 60:139-149. [PMID: 28073557 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of the toxic pennate diatom Nitzschia was investigated at four mangrove areas along the coastal brackish waters of Peninsular Malaysia. Eighty-two strains of N. navis-varingica were isolated and established, and their identity confirmed morphologically and molecularly. Frustule morphological characteristics of the strains examined are identical to previously identified N. navis-varingica, but with a sightly higher density of the number of areolae per 1μm (4-7 areolae). Both LSU and ITS rDNAs phylogenetic trees clustered all strains in the N. navis-varingica clade, with high sequence homogeneity in the LSU rDNA (0-0.3%), while the intraspecific divergences in the ITS2 data set reached up to 7.4%. Domoic acid (DA) and its geometrical isomers, isodomoic A (IA) and isodomoic B (IB), were detected in cultures of N. navis-varingica by FMOC-LC-FLD, and subsequently confirmed by LC-MS/MS, with selected ion monitoring (SIM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) runs. DA contents ranged between 0.37 and 11.06pgcell-1. This study demonstrated that the toxigenic euryhaline diatom N. navis-varingica is widely distributed in Malaysian mangrove swamps, suggesting the risk of amnesic shellfish poisoning and the possibility of DA contamination in the mangrove-related fisheries products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suh Nih Tan
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Hong Chang Lim
- Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor Branch, 85000 Segamat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Yuichi Kotaki
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Stephen S Bates
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, P. O. Box 5030, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 9B6, Canada
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hii KS, Lim PT, Kon NF, Takata Y, Usup G, Leaw CP. Physiological and transcriptional responses to inorganic nutrition in a tropical Pacific strain of Alexandrium minutum: Implications for the saxitoxin genes and toxin production. Harmful Algae 2016; 56:9-21. [PMID: 28073499 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Saxitoxins (STXs) constitute a family of potent sodium channel blocking toxins, causative agents of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), and are produced by several species of marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. Two STX-core genes, sxtA and sxtG, have been well elucidated in Alexandrium but the expression of these genes under various nutritional modes in tropical species remains unclear. This study investigates the physiological responses of a tropical Pacific strain of Alexandrium minutum growing with nitrate or ammonium, and with various nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) supply ratios. The transcriptional responses of the sxt genes were observed. Likewise, a putative sxtI encoding O-carbamoyltransferase (herein designated as AmsxtI) was recovered from the transcriptomic data, and its expression was investigated. The results revealed that the cellular toxin quota (Qt) was higher in P-depleted, nitrate-grown cultures. With cultures at similar N:P (<16), cells grown with excess ammonium showed a higher Qt than those grown with nitrate. sxtA1 was not expressed under any culture conditions, suggesting that this gene might not be involved in STX biosynthesis by this strain. Conversely, sxtA4 and sxtG showed positive correlations with Qt, and were up-regulated in P-depleted, nitrate-grown cultures and with excess ambient ammonium. On the other hand, AmsxtI was expressed only when induced by P-depletion, suggesting that this gene may play an important role in P-recycling metabolism, while simultaneously enhancing toxin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieng Soon Hii
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nyuk Fong Kon
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yoshinobu Takata
- The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Gires Usup
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Leaw CP, Tan TH, Lim HC, Teng ST, Yong HL, Smith KF, Rhodes L, Wolf M, Holland WC, Vandersea MW, Litaker RW, Tester PA, Gu H, Usup G, Lim PT. New scenario for speciation in the benthic dinoflagellate genus Coolia (Dinophyceae). Harmful Algae 2016; 55:137-149. [PMID: 28073527 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity within the marine harmful dinoflagellate genus Coolia Meunier was evaluated using isolates obtained from the tropics to subtropics in both Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins. The aim was to assess the phylogeographic history of the genus and to clarify the validity of established species including Coolia malayensis. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1-D2 LSU rDNA sequences identified six major lineages (L1-L6) corresponding to the morphospecies Coolia malayensis (L1), C. monotis (L2), C. santacroce (L3), C. palmyrensis (L4), C. tropicalis (L5), and C. canariensis (L6). A median joining network (MJN) of C. malayensis ITS2 rDNA sequences revealed a total of 16 haplotypes; however, no spatial genetic differentiation among populations was observed. These MJN results in conjunction with CBC analysis, rDNA phylogenies and geographical distribution analyses confirm C. malayensis as a distinct species which is globally distributed in the tropical to warm-temperate regions. A molecular clock analysis using ITS2 rDNA revealed the evolutionary history of Coolia dated back to the Mesozoic, and supports the hypothesis that historical vicariant events in the early Cenozoic drove the allopatric differentiation of C. malayensis and C. monotis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Toh Hii Tan
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Hong Chang Lim
- Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor Branch, 85000 Segamat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Hwa Lin Yong
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Matthias Wolf
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - William C Holland
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Centers for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Mark W Vandersea
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Centers for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - R Wayne Litaker
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Centers for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | | | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gires Usup
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Teng ST, Lim PT, Lim HC, Rivera-Vilarelle M, Quijano-Scheggia S, Takata Y, Quilliam MA, Wolf M, Bates SS, Leaw CP. A non-toxigenic but morphologically and phylogenetically distinct new species of Pseudo-nitzschia, P. sabit sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae). J Phycol 2015; 51:706-725. [PMID: 26986792 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new species of Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) is described from plankton samples collected from Port Dickson (Malacca Strait, Malaysia) and Manzanillo Bay (Colima, Mexico). The species possesses a distinctive falcate cell valve, from which they form sickle-like colonies in both environmental samples and cultured strains. Detailed observation of frustules under TEM revealed ultrastructure that closely resembles P. decipiens, yet the new species differs by the valve shape and greater ranges of striae and poroid densities. The species is readily distinguished from the curve-shaped P. subcurvata by the presence of a central interspace. The morphological distinction is further supported by phylogenetic discrimination. We sequenced and analyzed the nuclear ribosomal RNA genes in the LSU and the second internal transcribed spacer, including its secondary structure, to infer the phylogenetic relationship of the new species with its closest relatives. The results revealed a distinct lineage of the new species, forming a sister cluster with its related species, P. decipiens and P. galaxiae, but not with P. subcurvata. We examined the domoic acid (DA) production of five cultured strains from Malaysia by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), but they showed no detectable DA. Here, we present the taxonomic description of the vegetative cells, document the sexual reproduction, and detail the molecular phylogenetics of Pseudo-nitzschia sabit sp. nov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan, 16310, Malaysia
| | - Hong Chang Lim
- Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor Branch Campus, 85000 Segamat, Johor
| | - María Rivera-Vilarelle
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima Km9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán, Colima, C.P. 28400
| | - Sonia Quijano-Scheggia
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Manzanillo-Barra de Navidad Km 19.5, Colonia El Naranjo, C.P 28860, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico
| | - Yoshinobu Takata
- The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michael A Quilliam
- Measurement Science and Standards, Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 3Z1
| | - Matthias Wolf
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, D-97074, Germany
| | - Stephen S Bates
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, E1C 9B6
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan, 16310, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lim HC, Teng ST, Leaw CP, Lim PT. Three novel species in the Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima complex: P. batesiana sp. nov., P. lundholmiae sp. nov., and P. fukuyoi sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the Strait of Malacca, Malaysia. J Phycol 2013; 49:902-916. [PMID: 27007315 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A study on the morphology and phylogeny of 18 strains of Pseudo-nitzschia established from the Strait of Malacca, Peninsular Malaysia, was undertaken. Morphological data combined with molecular evidence show that they constitute three new species, for which the names, P. batesiana sp. nov., P. lundholmiae sp. nov., and P. fukuyoi sp. nov., are proposed. The three new species closely resemble species in the P. pseudodelicatissima complex sensu lato. Morphologically, P. batesiana differs from other species in the complex by having a smaller part of cell overlapping in the chain, whereas P. lundholmiae differs by having fewer poroid sectors and P. fukuyoi by having a distinct type of poroid sectors. Nucleotide sequences of the LSU rDNA (D1-D3) of the three new species reveal significant nucleotide sequence divergence (0.1%-9.3%) from each other and from other species in the P. pseudodelicatissima complex s.l. The three species are phylogenetically closely related to species in the P. pseudodelicatissima complex, with P. batesiana appearing as a sister taxon to P. circumpora, P. caciantha, and P. subpacifica; whereas P. lundholmiae and P. fukuyoi are more closely related to P. pseudodelicatissima and P. cuspidata. The three species show 2-3 compensatory base changes (CBCs) in their ITS2 transcripts when compared to the closely related species. The ITS2 with its structural information has proven its robustness in constructing a better resolved phylogenetic framework for Pseudo-nitzschia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang Lim
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|