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Fernández-Valero AD, Karpov SA, Sampedro N, Gordi J, Timoneda N, Garcés E, Reñé A. Newly identified diversity of Dinomycetaceae (Rhizophydiales, Chytridiomycota), a family of fungal parasites of marine dinoflagellates. Eur J Protistol 2024; 93:126053. [PMID: 38350179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
We identified two new parasite species of Chytridiomycota isolated during blooms of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum in the coastal Mediterranean Sea. Light and electron microscopy together with molecular characterization of the nuclear 18S, ITS, and 28S rDNA regions led to their identification as two new species, Dinomyces gilberthii and Paradinomyces evelyniae, both belonging to the family Dinomycetaceae, order Rhizophydiales. Dinomyces gilberthii differs from the previously described D. arenysensis by the presence of discharge papillae and the development of a drop-shaped sporangium. Paradinomyces evelyniae differs from the previously described P. triforaminorum by the prominent lipid globule present in early sporangia and by the pointed end producing a rhizoid. The two chytrids differed in their geographical distribution. Dinomyces gilberthii was detected in several Mediterranean habitats, including harbours and beaches, and was particularly prevalent during summer dinoflagellate blooms. Its widespread occurrence in coastal ecosystems suggested a high level of adaptability to this environment. Paradinomyces evelyniae had a more restricted distribution in the coastal-marine environment, occurring in harbour sediments and only occasionally in the water column during winter and early spring. Paradinomyces evelyniae has previously been detected in the Baltic Sea, suggesting that its distribution encompasses contrasting coastal environments, although its presence is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Denis Fernández-Valero
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Sergey A Karpov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia; Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St Petersburg 199034, Russia; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Kirochnaya st. 41, St Petersburg 191015, Russia
| | - Nagore Sampedro
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordina Gordi
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natàlia Timoneda
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Reñé
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Fernández-Valero AD, Reñé A, Timoneda N, Pou-Solà N, Gordi J, Sampedro N, Garcés E. The succession of epiphytic microalgae conditions fungal community composition: how chytrids respond to blooms of dinoflagellates. ISME Commun 2023; 3:103. [PMID: 37752353 PMCID: PMC10522651 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the temporal dynamics of the epiphytic protist community on macroalgae, during the summer months, with a specific focus on fungi, and the interactions between zoosporic chytrid parasites and the proliferation of the dinoflagellates. We employed a combination of environmental sequencing techniques, incubation of natural samples, isolation of target organisms and laboratory experiments. Metabarcoding sequencing revealed changes in the dominant members of the epiphytic fungal community. Initially, fungi comprised < 1% of the protist community, mostly accounted for by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, but with the emergence of Chytridiomycota during the mature phase of the biofilm, the fungal contribution increased to almost 30%. Chytridiomycota became dominant in parallel with an increase in the relative abundance of dinoflagellates in the community. Microscopy observations showed a general presence of chytrids following the peak proliferation of the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis sp., with the parasite, D. arenysensis as the dominant chytrid. The maximum infection prevalence was 2% indicating host-parasite coexistence. To further understand the in-situ prevalence of chytrids, we characterised the dynamics of the host abundance and prevalence of chytrids through co-culture. These laboratory experiments revealed intraspecific variability of D. arenysensis in its interaction with Ostreopsis, exhibiting a range from stable coexistence to the near-extinction of the host population. Moreover, while chytrids preferentially parasitized dinoflagellate cells, one of the strains examined displayed the ability to utilize pollen as a resource to maintain its viability, thus illustrating a facultative parasitic lifestyle. Our findings not only enrich our understanding of the diversity, ecology, and progression of epiphytic microalgal and fungal communities on Mediterranean coastal macroalgae, but they also shed light on the presence of zoosporic parasites in less-explored benthic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Denis Fernández-Valero
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Albert Reñé
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natàlia Timoneda
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Pou-Solà
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordina Gordi
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nagore Sampedro
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Fernández-Valero AD, Reñé A, Timoneda N, Sampedro N, Garcés E. Dinoflagellate hosts determine the community structure of marine Chytridiomycota: Demonstration of their prominent interactions. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5951-5965. [PMID: 36057937 PMCID: PMC10087856 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of parasitic fungi with their phytoplankton hosts in the marine environment are mostly unknown. In this study, we evaluated the diversity of Chytridiomycota in phytoplankton communities dominated by dinoflagellates at several coastal locations in the NW Mediterranean Sea and demonstrated the most prominent interactions of these parasites with their hosts. The protist community in seawater differed from that in sediment, with the latter characterized by a greater heterogeneity of putative hosts, such as dinoflagellates and diatoms, as well as a chytrid community more diverse in its composition and with a higher relative abundance. Chytrids accounted for 77 amplicon sequence variants, of which 70 were found exclusively among different blooming host species. The relative abundance of chytrids was highest in samples dominated by the dinoflagellate genera Ostreopsis and Alexandrium, clearly indicating the presence of specific chytrid communities. The establishment of parasitoid-host co-cultures of chytrids and dinoflagellates allowed the morphological identification and molecular characterization of three species of Chytridiomycota, including Dinomyces arenysensis, as one of the most abundant environmental sequences, and the discovery of two other species not yet described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Denis Fernández-Valero
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Reñé
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natàlia Timoneda
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nagore Sampedro
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Reñé A, Timoneda N, Sampedro N, Alacid E, Gallisai R, Gordi J, Fernández-Valero AD, Pernice MC, Flo E, Garcés E. Host preferences of coexisting Perkinsea parasitoids during coastal dinoflagellate blooms. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2417-2433. [PMID: 33756046 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parasites in aquatic systems are highly diverse and ubiquitous. In marine environments, parasite-host interactions contribute substantially to shaping microbial communities, but their nature and complexity remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between Perkinsea parasitoids and bloom-forming dinoflagellate species. Our aim was to determine whether parasite-host species interactions are specific and whether the diversity and distribution of parasitoids are shaped by their dinoflagellate hosts. Several locations along the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean Sea) were sampled during the blooms of five dinoflagellate species and the diversity of Perkinsea was determined by combining cultivation-based methods with metabarcoding of the V4 region of 18S rDNA. Most known species of Parviluciferaceae, and others not yet described, were detected, some of them coexisting in the same coastal location, and with a wide distribution. The specific parasite-host interactions determined for each of the studied blooms demonstrated the host preferences exhibited by parasitoids in nature. The dominance of a species within the parasitoid community is driven by the presence and abundances of its preferred host(s). The absence of parasitoid species, often associated with a low abundance of their preferred hosts, suggested that high infection rates are reached only under conditions that favour parasitoid propagation, especially dinoflagellate blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Reñé
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Natàlia Timoneda
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Nagore Sampedro
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Elisabet Alacid
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Rachele Gallisai
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Jordina Gordi
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Alan D Fernández-Valero
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Massimo C Pernice
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Eva Flo
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
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Mertens KN, Adachi M, Anderson DM, Band-Schmidt CJ, Bravo I, Brosnahan ML, Bolch CJS, Calado AJ, Carbonell-Moore MC, Chomérat N, Elbrächter M, Figueroa RI, Fraga S, Gárate-Lizárraga I, Garcés E, Gu H, Hallegraeff G, Hess P, Hoppenrath M, Horiguchi T, Iwataki M, John U, Kremp A, Larsen J, Leaw CP, Li Z, Lim PT, Litaker W, MacKenzie L, Masseret E, Matsuoka K, Moestrup Ø, Montresor M, Nagai S, Nézan E, Nishimura T, Okolodkov YB, Orlova TY, Reñé A, Sampedro N, Satta CT, Shin HH, Siano R, Smith KF, Steidinger K, Takano Y, Tillmann U, Wolny J, Yamaguchi A, Murray S. Morphological and phylogenetic data do not support the split of Alexandrium into four genera. Harmful Algae 2020; 98:101902. [PMID: 33129459 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A recently published study analyzed the phylogenetic relationship between the genera Centrodinium and Alexandrium, confirming an earlier publication showing the genus Alexandrium as paraphyletic. This most recent manuscript retained the genus Alexandrium, introduced a new genus Episemicolon, resurrected two genera, Gessnerium and Protogonyaulax, and stated that: "The polyphyly [sic] of Alexandrium is solved with the split into four genera". However, these reintroduced taxa were not based on monophyletic groups. Therefore this work, if accepted, would result in replacing a single paraphyletic taxon with several non-monophyletic ones. The morphological data presented for genus characterization also do not convincingly support taxa delimitations. The combination of weak molecular phylogenetics and the lack of diagnostic traits (i.e., autapomorphies) render the applicability of the concept of limited use. The proposal to split the genus Alexandrium on the basis of our current knowledge is rejected herein. The aim here is not to present an alternative analysis and revision, but to maintain Alexandrium. A better constructed and more phylogenetically accurate revision can and should wait until more complete evidence becomes available and there is a strong reason to revise the genus Alexandrium. The reasons are explained in detail by a review of the available molecular and morphological data for species of the genera Alexandrium and Centrodinium. In addition, cyst morphology and chemotaxonomy are discussed, and the need for integrative taxonomy is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Neil Mertens
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France.
| | - Masao Adachi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science (LAQUES), Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | | | - Christine J Band-Schmidt
- Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (IPN-CICIMAR), La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Christopher J S Bolch
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston TAS 7250, Australia
| | - António J Calado
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec Research Unit, University of Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Consuelo Carbonell-Moore
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomérat
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Malte Elbrächter
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung Sylt, Hafenstr. 43, 25992 List/Sylt, Germany
| | - Rosa Isabel Figueroa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Gárate-Lizárraga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Apartado Postal 592, Col. Centro, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Mexico
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografía, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gustaaf Hallegraeff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Philipp Hess
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Mona Hoppenrath
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Takeo Horiguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 8, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Iwataki
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Anke Kremp
- Leibniz Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jacob Larsen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhun Li
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wayne Litaker
- CSS Inc. Under contract to NOS/NOAA, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Lincoln MacKenzie
- Coastal & Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Estelle Masseret
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Kazumi Matsuoka
- C/O Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, 1551-7 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan
| | - Øjvind Moestrup
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marina Montresor
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Nézan
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France; National Museum of Natural History, DGD-REVE, Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Place de la Croix, 29900 Concarneau, France
| | - Tomohiro Nishimura
- Coastal & Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Yuri B Okolodkov
- Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Laboratorio de Botánica Marina y Planctología, Calle Mar Mediterráneo No. 314, Fracc. Costa Verde, C.P. 94294 Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Yu Orlova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo Street, 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Albert Reñé
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografía, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nagore Sampedro
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografía, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Teodora Satta
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Hyeon Ho Shin
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kirsty F Smith
- Coastal & Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Karen Steidinger
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Avenue SE St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | | | - Urban Tillmann
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jennifer Wolny
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 1919 Lincoln Drive Annapolis, MD 21401 USA
| | - Aika Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 8, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shauna Murray
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Fuentes-Grünewald C, Garcés E, Alacid E, Sampedro N, Rossi S, Camp J. Improvement of lipid production in the marine strains Alexandrium minutum and Heterosigma akashiwo by utilizing abiotic parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:207-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two different strains of microalgae, one raphidophyte and one dinoflagellate, were tested under different abiotic conditions with the goal of enhancing lipid production. Whereas aeration was crucial for biomass production, nitrogen deficiency and temperature were found to be the main abiotic parameters inducing the high-level cellular accumulation of neutral lipids. Net neutral lipid production and especially triacylglycerol (TAG) per cell were higher in microalgae (>200% in Alexandrium minutum, and 30% in Heterosigma akashiwo) under treatment conditions (25°C; 330 μM NaNO3) than under control conditions (20°C; 880 μM NaNO3). For both algal species, oil production (free fatty acids plus TAG fraction) was also higher under treatment conditions (57 mg L−1 in A. minutum and 323 mg L−1 in H. akashiwo). Despite the increased production and accumulation of lipids in microalgae, the different conditions did not significantly change the fatty acids profiles of the species analyzed. These profiles consisted of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in significant proportions. However, during the stationary phase, the concentrations per cell of some PUFAs, especially arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), were higher in treated than in control algae. These results suggest that the adjustment of abiotic parameters is a suitable and one of the cheapest alternatives to obtain sufficient quantities of microalgal biomass, with high oil content and minimal changes in the fatty acid profile of the strains under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fuentes-Grünewald
- grid.418218.6 000000041793765X Departament de Biología Marina i Oceanografía Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49 08003 Barcelona Spain
- grid.7080.f Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB) Edifici Cn Campus UAB 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés (Barcelona) Spain
| | - E Garcés
- grid.418218.6 000000041793765X Departament de Biología Marina i Oceanografía Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - E Alacid
- grid.418218.6 000000041793765X Departament de Biología Marina i Oceanografía Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - N Sampedro
- grid.418218.6 000000041793765X Departament de Biología Marina i Oceanografía Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - S Rossi
- grid.7080.f Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB) Edifici Cn Campus UAB 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés (Barcelona) Spain
| | - J Camp
- grid.418218.6 000000041793765X Departament de Biología Marina i Oceanografía Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49 08003 Barcelona Spain
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Sampedro N, Fraga S, Penna A, Casabianca S, Zapata M, Grünewald CF, Riobó P, Camp J. BARRUFETA BRAVENSIS GEN. NOV. SP. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE): A NEW BLOOM-FORMING SPECIES FROM THE NORTHWEST MEDITERRANEAN SEA(1). J Phycol 2011; 47:375-392. [PMID: 27021869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a new dinoflagellate genus, Barrufeta N. Sampedro et S. Fraga gen. nov., with one new species, B. bravensis Sampedro et S. Fraga sp. nov., isolated from the Costa Brava (NW Mediterranean Sea). The dinoflagellate was characterized at the genus and species levels by LM and EM; LSU and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences; and HPLC analyses of the pigments, fatty acids, and possible presence of toxins of several cultured strains. The new Barrufeta species is oval shaped (22-35 μm long and 16-25 μm wide) and dorsoventrally flattened. It possesses numerous small chloroplasts that radiate from two large equatorially located pyrenoids and is a typical peridinin-containing dinoflagellate. The nucleus is in the anterior part of the epicone. The apical groove has a characteristic "Smurf-cap" shape that runs counterclockwise on the epicone and terminates on its right posterior part. B. bravensis is similar to the previously described species Gyrodinium resplendens Hulburt in its external morphology, but the original report of the latter lacked a description of the complete shape of the apical groove. It is therefore likely that some of the G. resplendens species reported in the literature are Barrufeta since they possess a Barrufeta-type apical groove. Fatty acids of Barrufeta were more similar to those of Karenia brevis than those obtained from other unarmored analyzed species including three species of Gymnodinium and Akashiwo sanguinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore Sampedro
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Fraga
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonella Penna
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Casabianca
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Zapata
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Fuentes Grünewald
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camp
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO) Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, SpainDep. of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61100 Pesaro, ItalyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Av. Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, SpainInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Andree KB, Fernández-Tejedor M, Elandaloussi LM, Quijano-Scheggia S, Sampedro N, Garcés E, Camp J, Diogène J. Quantitative PCR coupled with melt curve analysis for detection of selected pseudo-nitzschia spp. (Bacillariophyceae) from the Northwestern Mediterranean sea. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:1651-9. [PMID: 21193668 PMCID: PMC3067299 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01978-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms along the coast of Catalonia have been increasing over the past 20 years. As species from this genus that are documented as toxigenic have been found in local waters, with both toxic and nontoxic species cooccurring in the same bloom, there is a need to develop management tools for discriminating the difference. Currently, differentiation of toxic and nontoxic species requires time-consuming electron microscopy to distinguish taxonomic features that would allow identification as to species, and cryptic species can still remain misidentified. In this study, cells of Pseudo-nitzschia from clonal cultures isolated from seawater were characterized to their species identity using scanning electron microscopy, and subsamples of each culture were used to create an internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1), 5.8S, and ITS-2 ribosomal DNA database for development of species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays. Once developed, these qPCR assays were applied to field samples collected over a 2-year period in Alfaques Bay in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea to evaluate the possibility of a comprehensive surveillance for all Pseudo-nitzschia spp. using molecular methods to supplement optical microscopy, which can discern taxonomy only to the genus level within this taxon. Total Pseudo-nitzschia cell density was determined by optical microscopy from water samples collected weekly and compared to results obtained from the sum of eight Pseudo-nitzschia species-specific qPCR assays using duplicate samples. Species-specific qPCR followed by melt curve analysis allowed differentiation of amplicons and identification of false positives, and results correlated well with the total Pseudo-nitzschia cell counts from optical microscopy.
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MESH Headings
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Diatoms/classification
- Diatoms/genetics
- Diatoms/isolation & purification
- Diatoms/ultrastructure
- Genes, rRNA
- Mediterranean Sea
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Seawater/microbiology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl B Andree
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Crta. de Poble Nou, Km 5.5, E-43540 San Carlos de la Rapita (Tarragona), Spain.
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