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Kaya L, Karatum O, Balamur R, Kaleli HN, Önal A, Vanalakar SA, Hasanreisoğlu M, Nizamoglu S. MnO 2 Nanoflower Integrated Optoelectronic Biointerfaces for Photostimulation of Neurons. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2301854. [PMID: 37386797 PMCID: PMC10477844 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic biointerfaces have gained significant interest for wireless and electrical control of neurons. Three-dimentional (3D) pseudocapacitive nanomaterials with large surface areas and interconnected porous structures have great potential for optoelectronic biointerfaces that can fulfill the requirement of high electrode-electrolyte capacitance to effectively transduce light into stimulating ionic currents. In this study, the integration of 3D manganese dioxide (MnO2 ) nanoflowers into flexible optoelectronic biointerfaces for safe and efficient photostimulation of neurons is demonstrated. MnO2 nanoflowers are grown via chemical bath deposition on the return electrode, which has a MnO2 seed layer deposited via cyclic voltammetry. They facilitate a high interfacial capacitance (larger than 10 mF cm-2 ) and photogenerated charge density (over 20 µC cm-2 ) under low light intensity (1 mW mm-2 ). MnO2 nanoflowers induce safe capacitive currents with reversible Faradaic reactions and do not cause any toxicity on hippocampal neurons in vitro, making them a promising material for biointerfacing with electrogenic cells. Patch-clamp electrophysiology is recorded in the whole-cell configuration of hippocampal neurons, and the optoelectronic biointerfaces trigger repetitive and rapid firing of action potentials in response to light pulse trains. This study points out the potential of electrochemically-deposited 3D pseudocapacitive nanomaterials as a robust building block for optoelectronic control of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Kaya
- Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | - Onuralp Karatum
- Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | - Rıdvan Balamur
- Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | - Hümeyra Nur Kaleli
- Research Center for Translational MedicineKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | - Asım Önal
- Department of Biomedical Science and EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | | | - Murat Hasanreisoğlu
- Research Center for Translational MedicineKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
- Department of OphthalmologySchool of MedicineKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
- Department of Biomedical Science and EngineeringKoc University34450IstanbulTurkey
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2
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Abstract
Molecular circuits for activity-guided optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina K Kim
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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3
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Montnach J, Blömer LA, Lopez L, Filipis L, Meudal H, Lafoux A, Nicolas S, Chu D, Caumes C, Béroud R, Jopling C, Bosmans F, Huchet C, Landon C, Canepari M, De Waard M. In vivo spatiotemporal control of voltage-gated ion channels by using photoactivatable peptidic toxins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:417. [PMID: 35058427 PMCID: PMC8776733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactivatable drugs targeting ligand-gated ion channels open up new opportunities for light-guided therapeutic interventions. Photoactivable toxins targeting ion channels have the potential to control excitable cell activities with low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. As proof-of-concept, we develop HwTxIV-Nvoc, a UV light-cleavable and photoactivatable peptide that targets voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels and validate its activity in vitro in HEK293 cells, ex vivo in brain slices and in vivo on mice neuromuscular junctions. We find that HwTxIV-Nvoc enables precise spatiotemporal control of neuronal NaV channel function under all conditions tested. By creating multiple photoactivatable toxins, we demonstrate the broad applicability of this toxin-photoactivation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Montnach
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007, Nantes, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Laila Ananda Blömer
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5588, 38402, St Martin d'Hères, cedex, France
| | - Ludivine Lopez
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007, Nantes, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, F-38120, Saint-Egrève, France
| | - Luiza Filipis
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5588, 38402, St Martin d'Hères, cedex, France
| | - Hervé Meudal
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, rue Charles Sadron, CS 80054, Orléans, 45071, France
| | - Aude Lafoux
- Therassay Platform, IRS2-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Nicolas
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007, Nantes, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Duong Chu
- Queen's University Faculty of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Cécile Caumes
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, F-38120, Saint-Egrève, France
| | - Rémy Béroud
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, F-38120, Saint-Egrève, France
| | - Chris Jopling
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Frank Bosmans
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Corinne Huchet
- Therassay Platform, IRS2-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Landon
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, rue Charles Sadron, CS 80054, Orléans, 45071, France
| | - Marco Canepari
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5588, 38402, St Martin d'Hères, cedex, France
| | - Michel De Waard
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007, Nantes, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, F-06560, Valbonne, France.
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, F-38120, Saint-Egrève, France.
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4
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Antonelli F, Casciati A, Belles M, Serra N, Linares-Vidal MV, Marino C, Mancuso M, Pazzaglia S. Long-Term Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Hippocampus: Linking Effects of the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Activation with Radiation Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212605. [PMID: 34830484 PMCID: PMC8624704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy represents one of the primary treatment modalities for primary and metastatic brain tumors. Although recent advances in radiation techniques, that allow the delivery of higher radiation doses to the target volume, reduce the toxicity to normal tissues, long-term neurocognitive decline is still a detrimental factor significantly affecting quality of life, particularly in pediatric patients. This imposes the need for the development of prevention strategies. Based on recent evidence, showing that manipulation of the Shh pathway carries therapeutic potential for brain repair and functional recovery after injury, here we evaluate how radiation-induced hippocampal alterations are modulated by the constitutive activation of the Shh signaling pathway in Patched 1 heterozygous mice (Ptch1+/-). Our results show, for the first time, an overall protective effect of constitutive Shh pathway activation on hippocampal radiation injury. This activation, through modulation of the proneural gene network, leads to a long-term reduction of hippocampal deficits in the stem cell and new neuron compartments and to the mitigation of radio-induced astrogliosis, despite some behavioral alterations still being detected in Ptch1+/- mice. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the neural decline following irradiation is essential for identifying prevention measures to contain the harmful consequences of irradiation. Our data have important translational implications as they suggest a role for Shh pathway manipulation to provide the therapeutic possibility of improving brain repair and functional recovery after radio-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Antonelli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Arianna Casciati
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Montserrat Belles
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Noemi Serra
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Maria Victoria Linares-Vidal
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.P.)
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5
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Hu SH, Lu L, Wang H, Zhao L, Dong J, Peng RY, Zhang H. Activation of Nrf2/NQO1 Pathway Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Cells Induced by Microwave and Protects Neurite Development. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:931-936. [PMID: 34955156 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Hua Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200062, China;Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui Yun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Hou X, Qiu Z, Xian Q, Kala S, Jing J, Wong KF, Zhu J, Guo J, Zhu T, Yang M, Sun L. Precise Ultrasound Neuromodulation in a Deep Brain Region Using Nano Gas Vesicles as Actuators. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2101934. [PMID: 34546652 PMCID: PMC8564444 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is a promising new modality for non-invasive neuromodulation. Applied transcranially, it can be focused down to the millimeter or centimeter range. The ability to improve the treatment's spatial resolution to a targeted brain region could help to improve its effectiveness, depending upon the application. The present paper details a neurostimulation scheme using gas-filled nanostructures, gas vesicles (GVs), as actuators for improving the efficacy and precision of ultrasound stimuli. Sonicated primary neurons display dose-dependent, repeatable Ca2+ responses, closely synced to stimuli, and increased nuclear expression of the activation marker c-Fos in the presence of GVs. GV-mediated ultrasound triggered rapid and reversible Ca2+ responses in vivo and could selectively evoke neuronal activation in a deep-seated brain region. Further investigation indicate that mechanosensitive ion channels are important mediators of this effect. GVs themselves and the treatment scheme are also found not to induce significant cytotoxicity, apoptosis, or membrane poration in treated cells. Altogether, this study demonstrates a simple and effective method to achieve enhanced and better-targeted neurostimulation with non-invasive low-intensity ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuandi Hou
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Zhihai Qiu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Quanxiang Xian
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Shashwati Kala
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Jianing Jing
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Kin Fung Wong
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Jiejun Zhu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Guo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Minyi Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
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7
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Venturino A, Schulz R, De Jesús-Cortés H, Maes ME, Nagy B, Reilly-Andújar F, Colombo G, Cubero RJA, Schoot Uiterkamp FE, Bear MF, Siegert S. Microglia enable mature perineuronal nets disassembly upon anesthetic ketamine exposure or 60-Hz light entrainment in the healthy brain. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109313. [PMID: 34233180 PMCID: PMC8284881 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs), components of the extracellular matrix, preferentially coat parvalbumin-positive interneurons and constrain critical-period plasticity in the adult cerebral cortex. Current strategies to remove PNN are long-lasting, invasive, and trigger neuropsychiatric symptoms. Here, we apply repeated anesthetic ketamine as a method with minimal behavioral effect. We find that this paradigm strongly reduces PNN coating in the healthy adult brain and promotes juvenile-like plasticity. Microglia are critically involved in PNN loss because they engage with parvalbumin-positive neurons in their defined cortical layer. We identify external 60-Hz light-flickering entrainment to recapitulate microglia-mediated PNN removal. Importantly, 40-Hz frequency, which is known to remove amyloid plaques, does not induce PNN loss, suggesting microglia might functionally tune to distinct brain frequencies. Thus, our 60-Hz light-entrainment strategy provides an alternative form of PNN intervention in the healthy adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venturino
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Rouven Schulz
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Héctor De Jesús-Cortés
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Margaret E Maes
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Francis Reilly-Andújar
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gloria Colombo
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ryan John A Cubero
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Mark F Bear
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sandra Siegert
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Yoon SR, Hong N, Lee MY, Ahn JC. Photobiomodulation with a 660-Nanometer Light-Emitting Diode Promotes Cell Proliferation in Astrocyte Culture. Cells 2021; 10:1664. [PMID: 34359834 PMCID: PMC8307591 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes act as neural stem cells (NSCs) that have the potential to self-renew and differentiate into other neuronal cells. The protein expression of these astrocytes depends on the stage of differentiation, showing sequential expression of multiple proteins such as octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (aldh1L1). Photobiomodulation (PBM) affects cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. We hypothesized that astrocyte proliferation and differentiation would be modulated by PBM. We used an optimized astrocyte culture method and a 660-nanometer light-emitting diode (LED) to enhance the biological actions of many kinds of cells. We determined that the 660-nanometer LED promoted the biological actions of cultured astrocytes by increasing the reactive oxygen species levels. The overall viability of the cultured cells, which included various cells other than astrocytes, did not change after LED exposure; however, astrocyte-specific proliferation was observed by the increased co-expression of GFAP and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/Ki67. Furthermore, the 660-nanometer LED provides evidence of differentiation, as shown by the decreased Oct4 and GFAP co-expression and increased nestin and aldh1L1 expression. These results demonstrate that a 660-nanometer LED can modify astrocyte proliferation, which suggests the efficacy of the therapeutic application of LED in various pathological states of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ryeong Yoon
- Department of Medical Laser, Graduate School of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Medical Laser Research Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Namgue Hong
- Medical Laser Research Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Ahn
- Department of Medical Laser, Graduate School of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Medical Laser Research Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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9
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Kim JH, Chung KH, Hwang YR, Park HR, Kim HJ, Kim HG, Kim HR. Exposure to RF-EMF Alters Postsynaptic Structure and Hinders Neurite Outgrowth in Developing Hippocampal Neurons of Early Postnatal Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105340. [PMID: 34069478 PMCID: PMC8159076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) has increased rapidly in children, but information on the effects of RF-EMF exposure to the central nervous system in children is limited. In this study, pups and dams were exposed to whole-body RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg specific absorption rate (SAR) for 5 h per day for 4 weeks (from postnatal day (P) 1 to P28). The effects of RF-EMF exposure on neurons were evaluated by using both pups' hippocampus and primary cultured hippocampal neurons. The total number of dendritic spines showed statistically significant decreases in the dentate gyrus (DG) but was not altered in the cornu ammonis (CA1) in hippocampal neurons. In particular, the number of mushroom-type dendritic spines showed statistically significant decreases in the CA1 and DG. The expression of glutamate receptors was decreased in mushroom-type dendritic spines in the CA1 and DG of hippocampal neurons following RF-EMF exposure. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the CA1 and DG was significantly lower statistically in RF-EMF-exposed mice. The number of post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) puncta gradually increased over time but was significantly decreased statistically at days in vitro (DIV) 5, 7, and 9 following RF-EMF exposure. Decreased BDNF expression was restricted to the soma and was not observed in neurites of hippocampal neurons following RF-EMF exposure. The length of neurite outgrowth and number of branches showed statistically significant decreases, but no changes in the soma size of hippocampal neurons were observed. Further, the memory index showed statistically significant decreases in RF-EMF-exposed mice, suggesting that decreased synaptic density following RF-EMF exposure at early developmental stages may affect memory function. Collectively, these data suggest that hindered neuronal outgrowth following RF-EMF exposure may decrease overall synaptic density during early neurite development of hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.R.P.); (H.-G.K.)
| | - Kyung Hwun Chung
- Hyangseol Medical Research Center, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea;
| | - Yeong Ran Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (Y.R.H.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.R.P.); (H.-G.K.)
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (Y.R.H.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Hyung-Gun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.R.P.); (H.-G.K.)
| | - Hak Rim Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.R.P.); (H.-G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-3935
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Yu K, Niu X, Krook-Magnuson E, He B. Intrinsic functional neuron-type selectivity of transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2519. [PMID: 33947867 PMCID: PMC8097024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a promising neuromodulation technique, but its mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that if tFUS parameters exhibit distinct modulation effects in different neuron populations, then the mechanism can be understood through identifying unique features in these neuron populations. In this work, we investigate the effect of tFUS stimulation on different functional neuron types in in vivo anesthetized rodent brains. Single neuron recordings were separated into regular-spiking and fast-spiking units based on their extracellular spike shapes acquired through intracranial electrophysiological recordings, and further validated in transgenic optogenetic mice models of light-excitable excitatory and inhibitory neurons. We show that excitatory and inhibitory neurons are intrinsically different in response to ultrasound pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The results suggest that we can preferentially target specific neuron types noninvasively by tuning the tFUS PRF. Chemically deafened rats and genetically deafened mice were further tested for validating the directly local neural effects induced by tFUS without potential auditory confounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiaodan Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Bin He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Ruijgrok PV, Ghosh RP, Zemsky S, Nakamura M, Gong R, Ning L, Chen R, Vachharajani VT, Chu AE, Anand N, Eguchi RR, Huang PS, Lin MZ, Alushin GM, Liphardt JT, Bryant Z. Optical control of fast and processive engineered myosins in vitro and in living cells. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:540-548. [PMID: 33603247 PMCID: PMC10807509 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Precision tools for spatiotemporal control of cytoskeletal motor function are needed to dissect fundamental biological processes ranging from intracellular transport to cell migration and division. Direct optical control of motor speed and direction is one promising approach, but it remains a challenge to engineer controllable motors with desirable properties such as the speed and processivity required for transport applications in living cells. Here, we develop engineered myosin motors that combine large optical modulation depths with high velocities, and create processive myosin motors with optically controllable directionality. We characterize the performance of the motors using in vitro motility assays, single-molecule tracking and live-cell imaging. Bidirectional processive motors move efficiently toward the tips of cellular protrusions in the presence of blue light, and can transport molecular cargo in cells. Robust gearshifting myosins will further enable programmable transport in contexts ranging from in vitro active matter reconstitutions to microfabricated systems that harness molecular propulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Ruijgrok
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajarshi P Ghosh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cell Biology Division, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Zemsky
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Muneaki Nakamura
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rui Gong
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin Ning
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vipul T Vachharajani
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander E Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Namrata Anand
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raphael R Eguchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Po-Ssu Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan T Liphardt
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cell Biology Division, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zev Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Ingles-Prieto A, Furthmann N, Crossman SH, Tichy AM, Hoyer N, Petersen M, Zheden V, Biebl J, Reichhart E, Gyoergy A, Siekhaus DE, Soba P, Winklhofer KF, Janovjak H. Optogenetic delivery of trophic signals in a genetic model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009479. [PMID: 33857132 PMCID: PMC8049241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has been harnessed to shed new mechanistic light on current and future therapeutic strategies. This has been to date achieved by the regulation of ion flow and electrical signals in neuronal cells and neural circuits that are known to be affected by disease. In contrast, the optogenetic delivery of trophic biochemical signals, which support cell survival and are implicated in degenerative disorders, has never been demonstrated in an animal model of disease. Here, we reengineered the human and Drosophila melanogaster REarranged during Transfection (hRET and dRET) receptors to be activated by light, creating one-component optogenetic tools termed Opto-hRET and Opto-dRET. Upon blue light stimulation, these receptors robustly induced the MAPK/ERK proliferative signaling pathway in cultured cells. In PINK1B9 flies that exhibit loss of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), a kinase associated with familial Parkinson's disease (PD), light activation of Opto-dRET suppressed mitochondrial defects, tissue degeneration and behavioral deficits. In human cells with PINK1 loss-of-function, mitochondrial fragmentation was rescued using Opto-dRET via the PI3K/NF-кB pathway. Our results demonstrate that a light-activated receptor can ameliorate disease hallmarks in a genetic model of PD. The optogenetic delivery of trophic signals is cell type-specific and reversible and thus has the potential to inspire novel strategies towards a spatio-temporal regulation of tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Ingles-Prieto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nikolas Furthmann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Samuel H. Crossman
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra-Madelaine Tichy
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nina Hoyer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Petersen
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Zheden
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Julia Biebl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eva Reichhart
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Daria E. Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Peter Soba
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald Janovjak
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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13
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Trojanowski NF, Bottorff J, Turrigiano GG. Activity labeling in vivo using CaMPARI2 reveals intrinsic and synaptic differences between neurons with high and low firing rate set points. Neuron 2021; 109:663-676.e5. [PMID: 33333001 PMCID: PMC7897300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neocortical pyramidal neurons regulate firing around a stable mean firing rate (FR) that can differ by orders of magnitude between neurons, but the factors that determine where individual neurons sit within this broad FR distribution are not understood. To access low- and high-FR neurons for ex vivo analysis, we used Ca2+- and UV-dependent photoconversion of CaMPARI2 in vivo to permanently label neurons according to mean FR. CaMPARI2 photoconversion was correlated with immediate early gene expression and higher FRs ex vivo and tracked the drop and rebound in ensemble mean FR induced by prolonged monocular deprivation. High-activity L4 pyramidal neurons had greater intrinsic excitability and recurrent excitatory synaptic strength, while E/I ratio, local output strength, and local connection probability were not different. Thus, in L4 pyramidal neurons (considered a single transcriptional cell type), a broad mean FR distribution is achieved through graded differences in both intrinsic and synaptic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliet Bottorff
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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14
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Keiser AA, Kramár EA, Dong T, Shanur S, Pirodan M, Ru N, Acharya MM, Baulch JE, Limoli CL, Wood MA. Systemic HDAC3 inhibition ameliorates impairments in synaptic plasticity caused by simulated galactic cosmic radiation exposure in male mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 178:107367. [PMID: 33359392 PMCID: PMC8456980 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deep space travel presents a number of measurable risks including exposure to a spectrum of radiations of varying qualities, termed galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) that are capable of penetrating the spacecraft, traversing through the body and impacting brain function. Using rodents, studies have reported that exposure to simulated GCR leads to cognitive impairments associated with changes in hippocampus function that can persist as long as one-year post exposure with no sign of recovery. Whether memory can be updated to incorporate new information in mice exposed to GCR is unknown. Further, mechanisms underlying long lasting impairments in cognitive function as a result of GCR exposure have yet to be defined. Here, we examined whether whole body exposure to simulated GCR using 6 ions and doses of 5 or 30 cGy interfered with the ability to update an existing memory or impact hippocampal synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism believed to underlie memory processes, by examining long term potentiation (LTP) in acute hippocampal slices from middle aged male mice 3.5-5 months after radiation exposure. Using a modified version of the hippocampus-dependent object location memory task developed by our lab termed "Objects in Updated Locations" (OUL) task we find that GCR exposure impaired hippocampus-dependent memory updating and hippocampal LTP 3.5-5 months after exposure. Further, we find that impairments in LTP are reversed through one-time systemic subcutaneous injection of the histone deacetylase 3 inhibitor RGFP 966 (10 mg/kg), suggesting that long lasting impairments in cognitive function may be mediated at least in part, through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Keiser
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States
| | - E A Kramár
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States
| | - T Dong
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States
| | - S Shanur
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States
| | - M Pirodan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States
| | - N Ru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States
| | - M M Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States
| | - J E Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States
| | - C L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States.
| | - M A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (CNLM), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), University of California, Irvine 92697-2695, United States.
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15
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Chen R, Gore F, Nguyen QA, Ramakrishnan C, Patel S, Kim SH, Raffiee M, Kim YS, Hsueh B, Krook-Magnusson E, Soltesz I, Deisseroth K. Deep brain optogenetics without intracranial surgery. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:161-164. [PMID: 33020604 PMCID: PMC7878426 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Achieving temporally precise, noninvasive control over specific neural cell types in the deep brain would advance the study of nervous system function. Here we use the potent channelrhodopsin ChRmine to achieve transcranial photoactivation of defined neural circuits, including midbrain and brainstem structures, at unprecedented depths of up to 7 mm with millisecond precision. Using systemic viral delivery of ChRmine, we demonstrate behavioral modulation without surgery, enabling implant-free deep brain optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Felicity Gore
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Quynh-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Sneha Patel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Misha Raffiee
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Etemadi L, Pettersson LME, Danielsen N. UVB irradiation induces contralateral changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity in rat dorsal root ganglia, dorsal horn and lateral spinal nucleus. Peptides 2021; 136:170447. [PMID: 33212101 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The selection of control group is crucial, as the use of an inadequate group may strongly affect the results. In this study we examine the effect on contralateral tissue protein levels, in a model of unilateral UVB irradiation, as the contralateral side is commonly used as a control. Previous studies have shown that UVB irradiation increases immunoreactivity for inflammatory regulated neuropeptides. Unilateral UVB irradiation of rat hind paw was performed and corresponding contralateral spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were collected 2-96 h after and investigated for changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity. Control tissue was collected from naïve rats. Measurement of skin blood flow from contralateral heel hind paws (Doppler), revealed no change compared to naïve rats. However, UVB irradiation caused a significant reduction in the contralateral proportion of galanin immunopositive DRG neurons, at all-time points, as well as an increase in the contralateral spinal cord dorsal horn, around the central canal and in the lateral spinal nucleus (2-48 h). The contralateral proportion of SP positive DRG neurons and dorsal horn immunoreactivity was unchanged, whereas the lateral spinal nucleus area showed increased immunoreactivity (48 h). UVB irradiation also induced a slight contralateral upregulation of c-fos in the dorsal horn/central canal area (24 and 48 h). In summary, unilateral UVB irradiation induced contralateral changes in inflammatory/nociceptive neuropeptides in spinal cord and afferent pathways involved in pain signaling already within 24 h, a time point when also ipsilateral neurochemical/physiological changes have been reported for rats and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Etemadi
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lina M E Pettersson
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Danielsen
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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17
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Michoud F, Seehus C, Schönle P, Brun N, Taub D, Zhang Z, Jain A, Furfaro I, Akouissi O, Moon R, Meier P, Galan K, Doyle B, Tetreault M, Talbot S, Browne LE, Huang Q, Woolf CJ, Lacour SP. Epineural optogenetic activation of nociceptors initiates and amplifies inflammation. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:179-185. [PMID: 32958958 PMCID: PMC7878280 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nociceptor sensory neurons by noxious stimuli both triggers pain and increases capillary permeability and blood flow to produce neurogenic inflammation1,2, but whether nociceptors also interact with the immune system remains poorly understood. Here we report a neurotechnology for selective epineural optogenetic neuromodulation of nociceptors and demonstrate that nociceptor activation drives both protective pain behavior and inflammation. The wireless optoelectronic system consists of sub-millimeter-scale light-emitting diodes embedded in a soft, circumneural sciatic nerve implant, powered and driven by a miniaturized head-mounted control unit. Photostimulation of axons in freely moving mice that express channelrhodopsin only in nociceptors resulted in behaviors characteristic of pain, reflecting orthodromic input to the spinal cord. It also led to immune reactions in the skin in the absence of inflammation and potentiation of established inflammation, a consequence of the antidromic activation of nociceptor peripheral terminals. These results reveal a link between nociceptors and immune cells, which might have implications for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Michoud
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corey Seehus
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philipp Schönle
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noé Brun
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Taub
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zihe Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aakanksha Jain
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Furfaro
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Outman Akouissi
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Moon
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pascale Meier
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katia Galan
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Doyle
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Tetreault
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sébastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liam E Browne
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Qiuting Huang
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronics Interface, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.
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18
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Fişek M, Jeanne JM. Two-Photon Optogenetic Stimulation of Drosophila Neurons. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2191:97-108. [PMID: 32865741 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0830-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics enables experimental control over neural activity using light. Channelrhodopsin and its variants are typically activated using visible light excitation but can also be activated using infrared two-photon excitation. Two-photon excitation can improve the spatial precision of stimulation in scattering tissue but has several practical limitations that need to be considered before use. Here we describe the methodology and best practices for using two-photon optogenetic stimulation of neurons within the brain of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, with an emphasis on projection neurons of the antennal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fişek
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James M Jeanne
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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19
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Liu M, Xiong Y, Shan S, Zhu Y, Zeng D, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Lu W. Eleutheroside E Enhances the Long-Term Memory of Radiation-Damaged C. elegans through G-Protein-Coupled Receptor and Neuropeptide Signaling Pathways. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:3315-3323. [PMID: 33196193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eleutheroside E (EE), a principal active compound of Acanthopanax senticosus, has been shown to have a certain neuromodulation effect. Our previous study indicates that EE protects nerve damage caused by radiation. However, its specific function and underlying mechanism remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study is to apply the C. elegans model to illuminate the property and mechanism of EE protecting against nerve damage caused by radiation. Here, we found that EE significantly improved the long-term memory of radiation-damaged C. elegans. Through transcriptome sequencing, the results showed that EE protected radiation-damaged C. elegans mainly through G-protein-coupled receptor and neuropeptide signaling pathways. Further research indicated that EE affected the activity of CREB by cAMP-PKA, Gqα-PLC, and neuropeptide signaling pathways to ultimately improve the long-term memory of radiation-damaged C. elegans. In addition, the activity of Gqα and neuropeptides in AWC neurons and the activity of CREB in AIM neurons might be crucial for EE to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Liu
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yuanbing Zhu
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Deyong Zeng
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yudong Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy Co., Ltd., Inner Mongolia 011500, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Weihong Lu
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150000, China
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20
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Tripathi K, Zhang T, McDannold N, Zhang YZ, Ehnholm G, Okada Y. Direct Activation of Cortical Neurons in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the Rat in Vivo Using Focused Ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol 2020; 46:2349-2360. [PMID: 32620386 PMCID: PMC7431189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We address the recent controversy over whether focused ultrasound (FUS) activates cortical neurons directly or indirectly by initially activating auditory pathways. We obtained two types of evidence that FUS can directly activate cortical neurons. The depth profile of the local field potential (LFP) in the barrel cortex of the rat in vivo indicated a generator was located within the cortical gray matter. The onset and peak latencies of the initial component p1 were 3.2 ± 0.25 ms (mean ± standard error of the mean) and 7.6 ± 0.12 ms, respectively, for the direct cortical response (DCR), 6.8 ± 0.40 and 14.3 ± 0.54 ms for the FUS-evoked LFP (4 MHz, 3.2 MPa, 50 or 300 µs/pulse, 1-20 pulses at 1 kHz) and 6.9 ± 0.51 and 15.8 ± 0.94 ms for the LFP evoked by 1-ms deflection of the C2 whisker projecting to the same area. The peak latency of the FUS p1 was statistically (t-test) longer than the DCR, but shorter than the whisker p1 at p < 0.005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush Tripathi
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Dept. Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
| | - Tongsheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nathan McDannold
- Focused Ultrasound Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong-Zhi Zhang
- Focused Ultrasound Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gösta Ehnholm
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Otaniemi, Finland
| | - Yoshio Okada
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Dept. Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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21
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Moaraf S, Heiblum R, Vistoropsky Y, Okuliarová M, Zeman M, Barnea A. Artificial Light at Night Increases Recruitment of New Neurons and Differentially Affects Various Brain Regions in Female Zebra Finches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6140. [PMID: 32858878 PMCID: PMC7503983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing evidence that demonstrate adverse effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) on many species, relatively little is known regarding its effects on brain plasticity in birds. We recently showed that although ALAN increases cell proliferation in brains of birds, neuronal densities in two brain regions decreased, indicating neuronal death, which might be due to mortality of newly produced neurons or of existing ones. Therefore, in the present study we studied the effect of long-term ALAN on the recruitment of newborn neurons into their target regions in the brain. Accordingly, we exposed zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to 5 lux ALAN, and analysed new neuronal recruitment and total neuronal densities in several brain regions. We found that ALAN increased neuronal recruitment, possibly as a compensatory response to ALAN-induced neuronal death, and/or due to increased nocturnal locomotor activity caused by sleep disruption. Moreover, ALAN also had a differential temporal effect on neuronal densities, because hippocampus was more sensitive to ALAN and its neuronal densities were more affected than in other brain regions. Nocturnal melatonin levels under ALAN were significantly lower compared to controls, indicating that very low ALAN intensities suppress melatonin not only in nocturnal, but also in diurnal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Moaraf
- School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra’anana 43710, Israel; (R.H.); (Y.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Rachel Heiblum
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra’anana 43710, Israel; (R.H.); (Y.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Yulia Vistoropsky
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra’anana 43710, Israel; (R.H.); (Y.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Monika Okuliarová
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (M.O.); (M.Z.)
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (M.O.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anat Barnea
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra’anana 43710, Israel; (R.H.); (Y.V.); (A.B.)
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22
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Chen YF, Lee CC, Hsiao JQ, Huang HY, Tsou CH, Liang HC, Huang KF. Exploiting a monolithic passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser to mimic a single neuron cell under periodic stimulation. Opt Lett 2020; 45:4032-4035. [PMID: 32667347 DOI: 10.1364/ol.399253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A monolithic passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser under periodic pulse pumping is originally exploited to emulate the response of a single neuron cell stimulated by periodic pulse inputs. Experimental results reveal that the output characteristics of the monolithic passively Q-switched laser can analogously manifest not only the firing patterns but also the frequency-locked plateaus of the single neuron cell. Moreover, the sine circle map is innovatively used to generate the output pulse sequences that can exactly correspond to experimental firing patterns. The present exploration indicates that a monolithic passively Q-switched solid-state laser is highly feasible to be developed as a compact artificial neuron cell.
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23
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Liu J, Wang M, Sun L, Pan NC, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zuo Z, He S, Wu Q, Wang X. Integrative analysis of in vivo recording with single-cell RNA-seq data reveals molecular properties of light-sensitive neurons in mouse V1. Protein Cell 2020; 11:417-432. [PMID: 32350740 PMCID: PMC7251024 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision formation is classically based on projections from retinal ganglion cells (RGC) to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the primary visual cortex (V1). Neurons in the mouse V1 are tuned to light stimuli. Although the cellular information of the retina and the LGN has been widely studied, the transcriptome profiles of single light-stimulated neuron in V1 remain unknown. In our study, in vivo calcium imaging and whole-cell electrophysiological patch-clamp recording were utilized to identify 53 individual cells from layer 2/3 of V1 as light-sensitive (LS) or non-light-sensitive (NS) by single-cell light-evoked calcium evaluation and action potential spiking. The contents of each cell after functional tests were aspirated in vivo through a patch-clamp pipette for mRNA sequencing. Moreover, the three-dimensional (3-D) morphological characterizations of the neurons were reconstructed in a live mouse after the whole-cell recordings. Our sequencing results indicated that V1 neurons with a high expression of genes related to transmission regulation, such as Rtn4r and Rgs7, and genes involved in membrane transport, such as Na+/K+ ATPase and NMDA-type glutamatergic receptors, preferentially responded to light stimulation. Furthermore, an antagonist that blocks Rtn4r signals could inactivate the neuronal responses to light stimulation in live mice. In conclusion, our findings of the vivo-seq analysis indicate the key role of the strength of synaptic transmission possesses neurons in V1 of light sensory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Le Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Clara Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhentao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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24
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Ghirga S, Pagani F, Rosito M, Di Angelantonio S, Ruocco G, Leonetti M. Optonongenetic enhancement of activity in primary cortical neurons. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2020; 37:643-652. [PMID: 32400549 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.385832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently demonstrated that the exposure of naive neuronal cells to light-at the basis of optogenetic techniques and calcium imaging measurements-may alter neuronal firing. Indeed, understanding the effect of light on nongenetically modified neurons is crucial for a correct interpretation of calcium imaging and optogenetic experiments. Here we investigated the effect of continuous visible LED light exposure (490 nm, $ 0.18 {-} 1.3\;{\rm mW}/{{\rm mm}^2} $0.18-1.3mW/mm2) on spontaneous activity of primary neuronal networks derived from the early postnatal mouse cortex. We demonstrated, by calcium imaging and patch clamp experiments, that illumination higher than $ 1.0\;{\rm mW}/{{\rm mm}^2} $1.0mW/mm2 causes an enhancement of network activity in cortical cultures. We investigated the possible origin of the phenomena by blocking the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel, demonstrating a complex connection between this temperature-dependent channel and the measured effect. The results presented here shed light on an exogenous artifact, potentially present in all calcium imaging experiments, that should be taken into account in the analysis of fluorescence data.
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25
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Binder JL, Chander P, Deretic V, Weick JP, Bhaskar K. Optical induction of autophagy via Transcription factor EB (TFEB) reduces pathological tau in neurons. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230026. [PMID: 32208437 PMCID: PMC7092971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological accumulation of microtubule associated protein tau in neurons is a major neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Several attempts have been made to promote clearance of pathological tau (p-Tau) from neurons. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) has shown to clear p-Tau from neurons via autophagy. However, sustained TFEB activation and autophagy can create burden on cellular bioenergetics and can be deleterious. Here, we modified previously described two-plasmid systems of Light Activated Protein (LAP) from bacterial transcription factor-EL222 and Light Responsive Element (LRE) to encode TFEB. Upon blue-light (465 nm) illumination, the conformation changes in LAP induced LRE-driven expression of TFEB, its nuclear entry, TFEB-mediated expression of autophagy-lysosomal genes and clearance of p-Tau from neuronal cells and AD patient-derived human iPSC-neurons. Turning the blue-light off reversed the expression of TFEB-target genes and attenuated p-Tau clearance. Together, these results suggest that optically regulated TFEB expression unlocks the potential of opto-therapeutics to treat AD and other dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Binder
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Praveen Chander
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (CoBRE), University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jason P. Weick
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kiran Bhaskar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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26
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McClanahan PD, Dubuque JM, Kontogiorgos-Heintz D, Habermeyer BF, Xu JH, Ma AM, Raizen DM, Fang-Yen C. A quiescent state following mild sensory arousal in Caenorhabditis elegans is potentiated by stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4140. [PMID: 32139752 PMCID: PMC7057961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An animal's behavioral and physiological response to stressors includes changes to its responses to stimuli. How such changes occur is not well understood. Here we describe a Caenorhabditis elegans quiescent behavior, post-response quiescence (PRQ), which is modulated by the C. elegans response to cellular stressors. Following an aversive mechanical or blue light stimulus, worms respond first by briefly moving, and then become more quiescent for a period lasting tens of seconds. PRQ occurs at low frequency in unstressed animals, but is more frequent in animals that have experienced cellular stress due to ultraviolet light exposure as well as in animals following overexpression of epidermal growth factor (EGF). PRQ requires the function of the carboxypeptidase EGL-21 and the calcium-activated protein for secretion (CAPS) UNC-31, suggesting it has a neuropeptidergic mechanism. Although PRQ requires the sleep-promoting neurons RIS and ALA, it is not accompanied by decreased arousability, and does not appear to be homeostatically regulated, suggesting that it is not a sleep state. PRQ represents a simple, tractable model for studying how neuromodulatory states like stress alter behavioral responses to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. McClanahan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jessica M. Dubuque
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Daphne Kontogiorgos-Heintz
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ben F. Habermeyer
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Joyce H. Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Anthony M. Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - David M. Raizen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Christopher Fang-Yen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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27
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Shi W, Liu W, Ma J, Lu J, Yang X, Wang J, Cao J, Tian Y, Yang H, Zhang L. The role of Atg7-mediated autophagy in ionizing radiation-induced neural stem cell damage. Gene 2020; 738:144485. [PMID: 32087272 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of neurogenesis is thought to be one of the important mechanisms underlying radiation-induced cognitive decline. Self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) are important components of neurogenesis. It has been well established that autophagy plays an important role in neurodegenerative conditions, however, its role in radiation-induced cognitive decline remains unclear. Our previous studies have found that ionizing radiation (IR) induces autophagy in mouse neurons, and minocycline, an antibiotic that can cross the blood-brain barrier, protects neurons from radiation-induced apoptosis through promoting autophagy, thus may contribute to the improvement of mouse cognitive performance after whole-brain irradiation. In the present study, we investigated whether autophagy is involved in radiation-induced damage in self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs. We found that NSCs were extremely sensitive to IR. Irradiation induced autophagy in NSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Atg7 knockdown significantly decreased autophagy, thus increased the apoptosis levels in irradiated NSCs, suggesting that autophagy protected NSCs from radiation-induced apoptosis. Moreover, compared with the negative control NSCs, the neurosphere size was significantly reduced and the neuronal differentiation was notably inhibited in Atg7-deficient NSCs after irradiation, indicating that autophagy defect could exacerbate radiation-induced reduction in NSC self-renewal and differentiation potential. In conclusion, down-regulating autophagy by selective Atg7 knockdown in NSCs enhanced radiation-induced NSC damage, suggesting an important protective role of autophagy in maintaining neurogenesis. Along with the protective effect of autophagy on irradiated neurons, our results on NSCs not only shed the light on the involvement of autophagy in the development of radiation-induced cognitive decline, but also provided a potential target for preventing cognitive impairment after cranial radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China
| | - Jiayan Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, PR China
| | - Jingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, PR China
| | - Jianping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China; Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology of Soochow University, PR China
| | - Hongying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, PR China; Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology of Soochow University, PR China.
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215004, PR China; Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology of Soochow University, PR China.
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28
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Whoolery CW, Yun S, Reynolds RP, Lucero MJ, Soler I, Tran FH, Ito N, Redfield RL, Richardson DR, Shih HY, Rivera PD, Chen BPC, Birnbaum SG, Stowe AM, Eisch AJ. Multi-domain cognitive assessment of male mice shows space radiation is not harmful to high-level cognition and actually improves pattern separation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2737. [PMID: 32066765 PMCID: PMC7026431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronauts on interplanetary missions - such as to Mars - will be exposed to space radiation, a spectrum of highly-charged, fast-moving particles that includes 56Fe and 28Si. Earth-based preclinical studies show space radiation decreases rodent performance in low- and some high-level cognitive tasks. Given astronaut use of touchscreen platforms during training and space flight and given the ability of rodent touchscreen tasks to assess functional integrity of brain circuits and multiple cognitive domains in a non-aversive way, here we exposed 6-month-old C57BL/6J male mice to whole-body space radiation and subsequently assessed them on a touchscreen battery. Relative to Sham treatment, 56Fe irradiation did not overtly change performance on tasks of visual discrimination, reversal learning, rule-based, or object-spatial paired associates learning, suggesting preserved functional integrity of supporting brain circuits. Surprisingly, 56Fe irradiation improved performance on a dentate gyrus-reliant pattern separation task; irradiated mice learned faster and were more accurate than controls. Improved pattern separation performance did not appear to be touchscreen-, radiation particle-, or neurogenesis-dependent, as 56Fe and 28Si irradiation led to faster context discrimination in a non-touchscreen task and 56Fe decreased new dentate gyrus neurons relative to Sham. These data urge revisitation of the broadly-held view that space radiation is detrimental to cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody W Whoolery
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sanghee Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan P Reynolds
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melanie J Lucero
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Soler
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fionya H Tran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naoki Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rachel L Redfield
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Devon R Richardson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hung-Ying Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Phillip D Rivera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin P C Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shari G Birnbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Amelia J Eisch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zeng K, Ao Y, Wang M, Yu Z, Qi F, Yu W, Mao H, Tao L, Zhang C, Tan TTY, Yang X, Pu K, Gao S. Upconversion Nanoparticles-Based Multiplex Protein Activation to Neuron Ablation for Locomotion Regulation. Small 2020; 16:e1906797. [PMID: 32003923 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The optogenetic neuron ablation approach enables noninvasive remote decoding of specific neuron function within a complex living organism in high spatiotemporal resolution. However, it suffers from shallow tissue penetration of visible light with low ablation efficiency. This study reports a upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based multiplex proteins activation tool to ablate deep-tissue neurons for locomotion modulation. By optimizing the dopant contents and nanoarchitecure, over 300-fold enhancement of blue (450-470 nm) and red (590-610 nm) emissions from UCNPs is achieved upon 808 nm irradiation. Such emissions simultaneously activate mini singlet oxygen generator and Chrimson, leading to boosted near infrared (NIR) light-induced neuronal ablation efficiency due to the synergism between singlet oxygen generation and intracellular Ca2+ elevation. The loss of neurons severely inhibits reverse locomotion, revealing the instructive role of neurons in controlling motor activity. The deep penetrance NIR light makes the current system feasible for in vivo deep-tissue neuron elimination. The results not only provide a rapidly adoptable platform to efficient photoablate single- and multiple-cells, but also define the neural circuits underlying behavior, with potential for development of remote therapy in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wanmei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kanghua Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiao Ao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzheng Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Fukang Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Heng Mao
- LMAM, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Louis Tao
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Timothy Thatt Yang Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Shangbang Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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30
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Abstract
Stimuli that modulate neuronal activity are not always detectable, indicating a loss of information between the modulated neurons and perception. To identify where in the macaque visual system information about periodic light modulations is lost, signal-to-noise ratios were compared across simulated cone photoreceptors, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons, and perceptual judgements. Stimuli were drifting, threshold-contrast Gabor patterns on a photopic background. The sensitivity of LGN neurons, extrapolated to populations, was similar to the monkeys' at low temporal frequencies. At high temporal frequencies, LGN sensitivity exceeded the monkeys' and approached the upper bound set by cone photocurrents. These results confirm a loss of high-frequency information downstream of the LGN. However, this loss accounted for only about 5% of the total. Phototransduction accounted for essentially all of the rest. Together, these results show that low temporal frequency information is lost primarily between the cones and the LGN, whereas high-frequency information is lost primarily within the cones, with a small additional loss downstream of the LGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Horwitz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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31
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Yang J, Li L, Shemetov AA, Lee S, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Shen Y, Li J, Oka Y, Verkhusha VV, Wang LV. Focusing light inside live tissue using reversibly switchable bacterial phytochrome as a genetically encoded photochromic guide star. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaay1211. [PMID: 31844671 PMCID: PMC6905864 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Focusing light deep by engineering wavefronts toward guide stars inside scattering media has potential biomedical applications in imaging, manipulation, stimulation, and therapy. However, the lack of endogenous guide stars in biological tissue hinders its translations to in vivo applications. Here, we use a reversibly switchable bacterial phytochrome protein as a genetically encoded photochromic guide star (GePGS) in living tissue to tag photons at targeted locations, achieving light focusing inside the tissue by wavefront shaping. As bacterial phytochrome-based GePGS absorbs light differently upon far-red and near-infrared illumination, a large dynamic absorption contrast can be created to tag photons inside tissue. By modulating the GePGS at a distinctive frequency, we suppressed the competition between GePGS and tissue motions and formed tight foci inside mouse tumors in vivo and acute mouse brain tissue, thus improving light delivery efficiency and specificity. Spectral multiplexing of GePGS proteins with different colors is an attractive possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Yang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Anton A. Shemetov
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuecheng Shen
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jingwei Li
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuki Oka
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Vladislav V. Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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32
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Ryu J, Vincent PFY, Ziogas NK, Xu L, Sadeghpour S, Curtin J, Alexandris AS, Stewart N, Sima R, du Lac S, Glowatzki E, Koliatsos VE. Optogenetically transduced human ES cell-derived neural progenitors and their neuronal progenies: Phenotypic characterization and responses to optical stimulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224846. [PMID: 31710637 PMCID: PMC6844486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetically engineered human neural progenitors (hNPs) are viewed as promising tools in regenerative neuroscience because they allow the testing of the ability of hNPs to integrate within nervous system of an appropriate host not only structurally, but also functionally based on the responses of their differentiated progenies to light. Here, we transduced H9 embryonic stem cell-derived hNPs with a lentivirus harboring human channelrhodopsin (hChR2) and differentiated them into a forebrain lineage. We extensively characterized the fate and optogenetic functionality of hChR2-hNPs in vitro with electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry. We also explored whether the in vivo phenotype of ChR2-hNPs conforms to in vitro observations by grafting them into the frontal neocortex of rodents and analyzing their survival and neuronal differentiation. Human ChR2-hNPs acquired neuronal phenotypes (TUJ1, MAP2, SMI-312, and synapsin 1 immunoreactivity) in vitro after an average of 70 days of coculturing with CD1 astrocytes and progressively displayed both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter signatures by immunocytochemistry and whole-cell patch clamp recording. Three months after transplantation into motor cortex of naïve or injured mice, 60–70% of hChR2-hNPs at the transplantation site expressed TUJ1 and had neuronal cytologies, whereas 60% of cells also expressed ChR2. Transplant-derived neurons extended axons through major commissural and descending tracts and issued synaptophysin+ terminals in the claustrum, endopiriform area, and corresponding insular and piriform cortices. There was no apparent difference in engraftment, differentiation, or connectivity patterns between injured and sham subjects. Same trends were observed in a second rodent host, i.e. rat, where we employed longer survival times and found that the majority of grafted hChR2-hNPs differentiated into GABAergic neurons that established dense terminal fields and innervated mostly dendritic profiles in host cortical neurons. In physiological experiments, human ChR2+ neurons in culture generated spontaneous action potentials (APs) 100–170 days into differentiation and their firing activity was consistently driven by optical stimulation. Stimulation generated glutamatergic and GABAergic postsynaptic activity in neighboring ChR2- cells, evidence that hChR2-hNP-derived neurons had established functional synaptic connections with other neurons in culture. Light stimulation of hChR2-hNP transplants in vivo generated complicated results, in part because of the variable response of the transplants themselves. Our findings show that we can successfully derive hNPs with optogenetic properties that are fully transferrable to their differentiated neuronal progenies. We also show that these progenies have substantial neurotransmitter plasticity in vitro, whereas in vivo they mostly differentiate into inhibitory GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, neurons derived from hNPs have the capacity of establishing functional synapses with postsynaptic neurons in vitro, but this outcome is technically challenging to explore in vivo. We propose that optogenetically endowed hNPs hold great promise as tools to explore de novo circuit formation in the brain and, in the future, perhaps launch a new generation of neuromodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philippe F. Y. Vincent
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos K. Ziogas
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leyan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shirin Sadeghpour
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Curtin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Athanasios S. Alexandris
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Stewart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard Sima
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sascha du Lac
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Glowatzki
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vassilis E. Koliatsos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Schlichting M, Díaz MM, Xin J, Rosbash M. Neuron-specific knockouts indicate the importance of network communication to Drosophila rhythmicity. eLife 2019; 8:e48301. [PMID: 31613223 PMCID: PMC6794074 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal circadian rhythms persist in constant darkness and are driven by intracellular transcription-translation feedback loops. Although these cellular oscillators communicate, isolated mammalian cellular clocks continue to tick away in darkness without intercellular communication. To investigate these issues in Drosophila, we assayed behavior as well as molecular rhythms within individual brain clock neurons while blocking communication within the ca. 150 neuron clock network. We also generated CRISPR-mediated neuron-specific circadian clock knockouts. The results point to two key clock neuron groups: loss of the clock within both regions but neither one alone has a strong behavioral phenotype in darkness; communication between these regions also contributes to circadian period determination. Under these dark conditions, the clock within one region persists without network communication. The clock within the famous PDF-expressing s-LNv neurons however was strongly dependent on network communication, likely because clock gene expression within these vulnerable sLNvs depends on neuronal firing or light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schlichting
- Department of BiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Madelen M Díaz
- Department of BiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Jason Xin
- Department of BiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Michael Rosbash
- Department of BiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
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34
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Emmons EB, Kennedy M, Kim Y, Narayanan NS. Corticostriatal stimulation compensates for medial frontal inactivation during interval timing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14371. [PMID: 31591426 PMCID: PMC6779764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal dysfunction is a common feature of brain diseases such as schizophrenia and contributes to deficits in executive functions, including working memory, attention, flexibility, inhibitory control, and timing of behaviors. Currently, few interventions improve prefrontal function. Here, we tested whether stimulating the axons of prefrontal neurons in the striatum could compensate for deficits in temporal processing related to prefrontal dysfunction. We used an interval-timing task that requires working memory for temporal rules and attention to the passage of time. Our previous work showed that inactivation of the medial frontal cortex (MFC) impairs interval timing and attenuates ramping activity, a key form of temporal processing in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS). We found that 20-Hz optogenetic stimulation of MFC axon terminals increased curvature of time-response histograms and improved interval-timing behavior. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of terminals modulated time-related ramping of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. These data suggest that corticostriatal stimulation can compensate for deficits caused by MFC inactivation and they imply that frontostriatal projections are sufficient for controlling responses in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Emmons
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Morgan Kennedy
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Youngcho Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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35
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Tan SZ, Tan PC, Luo LQ, Chi YL, Yang ZL, Zhao XL, Zhao L, Dong J, Zhang J, Yao BW, Xu XP, Tian G, Chen JK, Wang H, Peng RY. Exposure Effects of Terahertz Waves on Primary Neurons and Neuron-like Cells Under Nonthermal Conditions. Biomed Environ Sci 2019; 32:739-754. [PMID: 31843044 DOI: 10.3967/bes2019.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the potential effects of terahertz (THz) waves on primary cultured neurons from 4 rat brain regions (hippocampus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem) and 3 kinds of neuron-like cells (MN9D, PC12, and HT22 cells) under nonthermal conditions. METHODS THz waves with an output power of 50 (0.16 THz) and 10 (0.17 THz) mW with exposure times of 6 and 60 min were used in this study. Analysis of temperature change, neurite growth, cell membrane roughness, micromorphology, neurotransmitters and synaptic-related proteins (SYN and PSD95) was used to evaluate the potential effects. RESULTS Temperature increase caused by the THz wave was negligible. THz waves induced significant neurotransmitter changes in primary hippocampal, cerebellar, and brainstem neurons and in MN9D and PC12 cells. THz wave downregulated SYN expression in primary hippocampal neurons and downregulated PSD95 expression in primary cortical neurons. CONCLUSION Different types of cells responded differently after THz wave exposure, and primary hippocampal and cortical neurons and MN9D cells were relatively sensitive to the THz waves. The biological effects were positively correlated with the exposure time of the THz waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhi Tan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Peng Cheng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lan Qing Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yun Liang Chi
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Yakeshi 022150, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zi Long Yang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Long Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bin Wei Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin Ping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jian Kui Chen
- Fifth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui Yun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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36
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Keleş Aİ, Nyengaard JR, Odacı E. Changes in pyramidal and granular neuron numbers in the rat hippocampus 7 days after exposure to a continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field during early and mid-adolescence. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 101:101681. [PMID: 31465830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate qualitative and quantitative changes in pyramidal and granule neurons in the male rat hippocampus after exposure to a continuous 900-megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) for 25 days during early and mid-adolescence. Three-week-old (21 day) healthy Sprague Dawley male rats were divided equally into control (CON), pseudo-exposed (PEX) and EMF groups. EMF rats were exposed to a 900-MHz EMF in an EMF-application cage, while the PEX rats were placed in the same cage without being exposed to EMF. No procedure was performed in CON. EMF was applied for 1 h/day, every day for 25 days. Following the 900-MHz EMF and pseudo-exposed applications, behavioral tests were performed for seven days. Then, all animals were euthanized and their brains were removed. Following histological tissue procedures, sections were taken from tissues and stained with toluidine blue. The optical fractionation technique was performed to estimate the pyramidal neuron numbers in the CA1, CA2-3 and hilus regions of the hippocampus and granule neuron numbers in the dentate gyrus region. Our findings indicated that the number of pyramidal and granule neurons in the hippocampus of the EMF group was statistically higher than PEX. Furthermore, the histopathological results showed that the cytoplasm of pyramidal (in the hilus, CA1, CA2 and CA3 region) and granular (in the dentate gyrus region) cells at the hippocampus were disrupted, as evident by intensive staining around cytoplasm and some artifacts were detected in the EMF group. In addition, statistical comparisons of the mean body weights and brain weights of the study groups revealed no significant differences. There was no statistically significant difference between the PEX and EMF groups in terms of temperature (p > 0.05) or humidity (p > 0.05) in the cages. In conclusion, higher numbers of both pyramidal and granule neurons were found in the male rat hippocampus after continuous 900-MHz EMF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe İkinci Keleş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey.
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ersan Odacı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey
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Acharya MM, Baulch JE, Klein PM, Baddour AAD, Apodaca LA, Kramár EA, Alikhani L, Garcia C, Angulo MC, Batra RS, Fallgren CM, Borak TB, Stark CEL, Wood MA, Britten RA, Soltesz I, Limoli CL. New Concerns for Neurocognitive Function during Deep Space Exposures to Chronic, Low Dose-Rate, Neutron Radiation. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0094-19.2019. [PMID: 31383727 PMCID: PMC6709229 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0094-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As NASA prepares for a mission to Mars, concerns regarding the health risks associated with deep space radiation exposure have emerged. Until now, the impacts of such exposures have only been studied in animals after acute exposures, using dose rates ∼1.5×105 higher than those actually encountered in space. Using a new, low dose-rate neutron irradiation facility, we have uncovered that realistic, low dose-rate exposures produce serious neurocognitive complications associated with impaired neurotransmission. Chronic (6 month) low-dose (18 cGy) and dose rate (1 mGy/d) exposures of mice to a mixed field of neutrons and photons result in diminished hippocampal neuronal excitability and disrupted hippocampal and cortical long-term potentiation. Furthermore, mice displayed severe impairments in learning and memory, and the emergence of distress behaviors. Behavioral analyses showed an alarming increase in risk associated with these realistic simulations, revealing for the first time, some unexpected potential problems associated with deep space travel on all levels of neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munjal M Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Janet E Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Peter M Klein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, California 94305
| | - Al Anoud D Baddour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Lauren A Apodaca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Eniko A Kramár
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Leila Alikhani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Camillo Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Maria C Angulo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Raja S Batra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Christine M Fallgren
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Thomas B Borak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Marcello A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Richard A Britten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, California 94305
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
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Mfossa ACM, Thekkekara Puthenparampil H, Inalegwu A, Coolkens A, Baatout S, Benotmane MA, Huylebroeck D, Quintens R. Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Triggers Prolonged Changes in Circular RNA Abundance in the Embryonic Mouse Brain and Primary Neurons. Cells 2019; 8:E778. [PMID: 31357500 PMCID: PMC6721538 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of mouse embryos in utero and primary cortical neurons to ionizing radiation results in the P53-dependent activation of a subset of genes that is highly induced during brain development and neuronal maturation, a feature that these genes reportedly share with circular RNAs (circRNAs). Interestingly, some of these genes are predicted to express circular transcripts. In this study, we validated the abundance of the circular transcript variants of four P53 target genes (Pvt1, Ano3, Sec14l5, and Rnf169). These circular variants were overall more stable than their linear counterparts. They were furthermore highly enriched in the brain and their transcript levels continuously increase during subsequent developmental stages (from embryonic day 12 until adulthood), while no further increase could be observed for linear mRNAs beyond post-natal day 30. Finally, whereas radiation-induced expression of P53 target mRNAs peaks early after exposure, several of the circRNAs showed prolonged induction in irradiated embryonic mouse brain, primary mouse cortical neurons, and mouse blood. Together, our results indicate that the circRNAs from these P53 target genes are induced in response to radiation and they corroborate the findings that circRNAs may represent biomarkers of brain age. We also propose that they may be superior to mRNA as long-term biomarkers for radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Claude Mbouombouo Mfossa
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Auchi Inalegwu
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Amelie Coolkens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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Xia Q, Nyberg T. Inhibition of cortical neural networks using infrared laser. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201800403. [PMID: 30859700 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to optimize parameters for inhibiting neuronal activity safely and investigating thermal inhibition of rat cortex neural networks in vitro by continuous infrared (IR) laser. Rat cortex neurons were cultured on multi-electrode arrays until neural networks were formed with spontaneous neural activity. Neurons were then irradiated to inhibit the activity of the networks using different powers of 1550 nm IR laser light. A finite element heating model, calibrated by the open glass pipette method, was used to calculate temperature increases at different laser irradiation intensities. A damage signal ratio (DSR) was evaluated to avoid excessive heating that may damage cells. The DSR predicted that cortex neurons should be safe at temperatures up to 49.6°C for 30 seconds, but experiments suggested that cortex neurons should not be exposed to temperatures over 46°C for 30 seconds. Neural response experiments showed that the inhibition of neural activity is temperature dependent. The normal neural activity could be inhibited safely with an inhibition degree up to 80% and induced epileptiform activity could be suppressed. These results show that continuous IR laser radiations provide a possible way to safely inhibit the neural network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nyberg
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cucinotta FA, Cacao E. Risks of cognitive detriments after low dose heavy ion and proton exposures. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:985-998. [PMID: 31120359 PMCID: PMC6606350 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1623427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Heavy ion and proton brain irradiations occur during space travel and in Hadron therapy for cancer. Heavy ions produce distinct patterns of energy deposition in neuron cells and brain tissues compared to X-rays leading to large uncertainties in risk estimates. We make a critical review of findings from research studies over the last 25 years for understanding risks at low dose. Conclusions: A large number of mouse and rat cognitive testing measures have been reported for a variety of particle species and energies for acute doses. However, tissue reactions occur above dose thresholds and very few studies were performed at the heavy ion doses to be encountered on space missions (<0.04 Gy/y) or considered dose-rate effects, such that threshold doses are not known in rodent models. Investigations of possible mechanisms for cognitive changes have been limited by experimental design with largely group specific and not subject specific findings reported. Persistent oxidative stress and activated microglia cells are common mechanisms studied, while impairment of neurogenesis, detriments in neuron morphology, and changes to gene and protein expression were each found to be important in specific studies. Future research should focus on estimating threshold doses carried out with experimental designs aimed at understating causative mechanisms, which will be essential for extrapolating rodent findings to humans and chronic radiation scenarios, while establishing if mitigation are needed.
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Abstract
A key assumption of optogenetics is that light only affects opsin-expressing neurons. However, illumination invariably heats tissue, and many physiological processes are temperature-sensitive. Commonly used illumination protocols increased the temperature by 0.2-2 °C and suppressed spiking in multiple brain regions. In the striatum, light delivery activated an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance and biased rotational behavior. Thus, careful consideration of light-delivery parameters is required, as even modest intracranial heating can confound interpretation of optogenetic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max H Liu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anatol C Kreitzer
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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42
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Xiao Q, Zhong Z, Lai X, Qin H. A multiple modulation synthesis method with high spatial resolution for noninvasive neurostimulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218293. [PMID: 31220139 PMCID: PMC6586313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive neurostimulation plays a pivotal role in the direct control of neural circuits and the modulation of neuronal function. However, it is difficult to balance both spatial resolution and penetration depth when stimulating deep neurons. Here, we designed a multiple (time-division, frequency and polarity) modulation synthesis (MMS) method for noninvasively stimulating deep neurons with low-frequency envelopes. Compared to conventional transcranial electrical stimulation, we demonstrated that it can stimulate deep neurons at the desired firing rate (beat frequency) with higher spatial resolution via a computational model combining finite element analysis and Hodgkin-Huxley action potential model. Additionally, we measured the distribution of stimulus waveforms in saline solution to validate its effect. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that MMS stimulation with higher spatial resolution is steerable and might be a potential alternative to traditional implanted electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqin Xiao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozheng Lai
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Huabiao Qin
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yang L, Dong Y, Wu C, Li Y, Guo Y, Yang B, Zong X, Hamblin MR, Cheng-Yi Liu T, Zhang Q. Photobiomodulation preconditioning prevents cognitive impairment in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201800359. [PMID: 30652418 PMCID: PMC6546525 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury caused by oxygen deprivation is the most common cause of mortality and severe neurologic deficits in neonates. The present work evaluated the preventative effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) preconditioning, and its underlying mechanism of action on brain damage in an HI model in neonatal rats. According to the optimal time response of ATP levels in brain samples removed from normal rats, a PBM preconditioning (PBM-P) regimen (808 nm CW laser, 1 cm2 spot, 100 mW/cm2 , 12 J/cm2 ) was delivered to the scalp 6 hours before HI. PBM-P significantly attenuated cognitive impairment, volume shrinkage in the brain, neuron loss, dendritic and synaptic injury after HI. Further mechanistic investigation found that PBM-P could restore HI-induced mitochondrial dynamics and inhibit mitochondrial fragmentation, followed by a robust suppression of cytochrome c release, and prevention of neuronal apoptosis by inhibition of caspase activation. Our work suggests that PBM-P can attenuate HI-induced brain injury by maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Baocheng Yang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, GD 510006, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Kessler
- From the Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (T.M.K.); the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (L.A.B.); and the Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (P.G.)
| | - Lori A Birder
- From the Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (T.M.K.); the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (L.A.B.); and the Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (P.G.)
| | - Pablo Gomery
- From the Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (T.M.K.); the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (L.A.B.); and the Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (P.G.)
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Cucinotta FA, Eliedonna Cacao MA. DETRIMENTS IN NEURON MORPHOLOGY FOLLOWING HEAVY ION IRRADIATION: WHAT'S THE TARGET? Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 183:69-74. [PMID: 30561664 PMCID: PMC6642454 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuron cells consist of the soma or cell body, axons, dendritic arbor with multiple branches, and dendritic spines which are the substrates for memory storage and synaptic transmission. Detriments in neuron morphology are suggested to play a key role in cognitive impairments following brain irradiation. Multiple molecular mechanisms are involved in the regulation and stability of neuron morphology, while the effects of radiation on these processes have not been studied extensively. In this report, we consider possible biological targets in neurons for energy deposition (ED) by charged particles that could lead to neuron morphology detriments, and the resulting dose and radiation quality dependence of such detriments. The track structures of heavy ions including high charge and energy (HZE) particles consists of core of high-ED events and a penumbra of sparse ED from δ-ray electrons produced in ionization of target molecules. We consider the role of track structure relative to possible targets causative in the degradation of morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis A Cucinotta
- Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas NV, USA
| | - Murat Alp Eliedonna Cacao
- Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas NV, USA
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Wang X, Yan J, Wang Z, Li X, Yuan Y. Neuromodulation Effects of Ultrasound Stimulation Under Different Parameters on Mouse Motor Cortex. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:291-297. [PMID: 31021758 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2912840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) enhances/suppresses neural oscillations and causes electroencephalography changes in the motor cortex, researchers have not clearly determined the manner in which the relative power and entropy of neural oscillations in the motor cortex vary with ultrasonic parameters, such as ultrasound intensity, stimulation duration (SD), and duty cycle. METHODS In this paper, we use the transcranial ultrasound of different parameters to stimulate the mouse motor cortex, cause tail muscle contraction and movement, and simultaneously record local field potentials (LFPs) in the mouse motor cortex. The relative power and entropy of the LFPs under different ultrasonic parameters are analyzed. RESULTS The relative power of the theta [4-8 Hz] frequency bands decreases with an increase in spatial-peak and pulse-average intensity (Isppa) at 0-0.5 s and 0.5-1 s; the relative power of the gamma [30-45 Hz] frequency bands increases with an increase in Isppa at 0-0.5 s and 0.5-1 s; the relative power each of the gamma [30-45 Hz] and high gamma [55-100 Hz] frequency bands increases with an increase in the SD at 0-0.5 s and 0.5-1 s; the entropy values decrease with increases in Isppa and SD at 0-0.5 s. CONCLUSION The relative power and entropy of neural oscillations in the motor cortex can be modulated by TUS with different parameters, namely, ultrasound intensity and stimulation duration.
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47
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Ortiz FC, Habermacher C, Graciarena M, Houry PY, Nishiyama A, Oumesmar BN, Angulo MC. Neuronal activity in vivo enhances functional myelin repair. JCI Insight 2019; 5:123434. [PMID: 30896448 PMCID: PMC6538342 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), demyelination of neuronal fibers impairs impulse conduction and causes axon degeneration. While neuronal activity stimulates oligodendrocyte production and myelination in normal conditions, it remains unclear whether the activity of demyelinated axons restores their loss-of-function in a harmful environment. To investigate this question, we established a model to induce a moderate optogenetic stimulation of demyelinated axons in the corpus callosum at the level of the motor cortex in which cortical circuit activation and locomotor effects were reduced in adult freely moving mice. We demonstrate that a moderate activation of demyelinated axons enhances the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells onto mature oligodendrocytes, but only under a repeated stimulation paradigm. This activity-dependent increase in the oligodendrocyte pool promotes an extensive remyelination and functional restoration of conduction, as revealed by ultrastructural analyses and compound action potential recordings. Our findings reveal the need of preserving an appropriate neuronal activity in the damaged tissue to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination, likely by enhancing axon-oligodendroglia interactions. Our results provide new perspectives for translational research using neuromodulation in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C. Ortiz
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chloé Habermacher
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Graciarena
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Houry
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brahim Nait Oumesmar
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - María Cecilia Angulo
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
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48
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Leopold AV, Chernov KG, Shemetov AA, Verkhusha VV. Neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinases regulated with near-infrared light. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1129. [PMID: 30850602 PMCID: PMC6408446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical control over the activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) provides an efficient way to reversibly and non-invasively map their functions. We combined catalytic domains of Trk (tropomyosin receptor kinase) family of RTKs, naturally activated by neurotrophins, with photosensory core module of DrBphP bacterial phytochrome to develop opto-kinases, termed Dr-TrkA and Dr-TrkB, reversibly switchable on and off with near-infrared and far-red light. We validated Dr-Trk ability to reversibly light-control several RTK pathways, calcium level, and demonstrated that their activation triggers canonical Trk signaling. Dr-TrkA induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma, but not in other cell types. Absence of spectral crosstalk between Dr-Trks and blue-light-activatable LOV-domain-based translocation system enabled intracellular targeting of Dr-TrkA independently of its activation, additionally modulating Trk signaling. Dr-Trks have several superior characteristics that make them the opto-kinases of choice for regulation of RTK signaling: high activation range, fast and reversible photoswitching, and multiplexing with visible-light-controllable optogenetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Leopold
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | | | - Anton A Shemetov
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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49
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Maurer GD, Heller S, Wanka C, Rieger J, Steinbach JP. Knockdown of the TP53-Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator (TIGAR) Sensitizes Glioma Cells to Hypoxia, Irradiation and Temozolomide. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051061. [PMID: 30823646 PMCID: PMC6429390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) has been shown to decrease glycolysis, to activate the pentose phosphate pathway, and to provide protection against oxidative damage. Hypoxic regions are considered characteristic of glioblastoma and linked with resistance to current treatment strategies. Here, we established that LNT-229 glioma cell lines stably expressed shRNA constructs targeting TIGAR, and exposed them to hypoxia, irradiation and temozolomide. The disruption of TIGAR enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species and cell death under hypoxic conditions, as well as the effectiveness of irradiation and temozolomide. In addition, TIGAR was upregulated by HIF-1α. As a component of a complex network, TIGAR contributes to the metabolic adjustments that arise from either spontaneous or therapy-induced changes in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele D Maurer
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sonja Heller
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Christina Wanka
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Johannes Rieger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Wu Y, Peng Y, Bohra H, Zou J, Ranjan VD, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wang M. Photoconductive Micro/Nanoscale Interfaces of a Semiconducting Polymer for Wireless Stimulation of Neuron-Like Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:4833-4841. [PMID: 30624894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report multiscale structured fibers and patterned films based on a semiconducting polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), as photoconductive biointerfaces to promote neuronal stimulation upon light irradiation. The micro/nanoscale structures of P3HT used for neuronal interfacing and stimulation include nanofibers with an average diameter of 100 nm, microfibers with an average diameter of about 1 μm, and lithographically patterned stripes with width of 3, 25, and 50 μm, respectively. The photoconductive effect of P3HT upon light irradiation provides electrical stimulation for neuronal differentiation and directed growth. Our results demonstrate that neurons on P3HT nanofibers showed a significantly higher total number of branches, while neurons grown on P3HT microfibers had longer and thinner neurites. Such a combination strategy of topographical and photoconductive stimulation can be applied to further enhance neuronal differentiation and directed growth. These photoconductive polymeric micro/nanostructures demonstrated their great potential for neural engineering and development of novel neural regenerative devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Yanfen Peng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Hassan Bohra
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Jianping Zou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Vivek Damodar Ranjan
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
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