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Fernandes A, Hosseini V, Vogel V, Lovchik RD. Engineering solutions for biological studies of flow-exposed endothelial cells on orbital shakers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262044. [PMID: 35061745 PMCID: PMC8782315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is extremely important for endothelial cell (EC) function. The popularity of 6-well plates on orbital shakers to impose shear stress on ECs has increased among biologists due to their low cost and simplicity. One characteristic of such a platform is the heterogeneous flow profile within a well. While cells in the periphery are exposed to a laminar and high-velocity pulsatile flow that mimics physiological conditions, the flow in the center is disturbed and imposes low shear stress on the cells, which is characteristic of atheroprone regions. For studies where such heterogeneity is not desired, we present a simple cell-patterning technique to selectively prevent cell growth in the center of the well and facilitate the exclusive collection and analysis of cells in the periphery. This guarantees that cell phenotypes will not be influenced by secreted factors from cells exposed to other shear profiles nor that interesting results are obscured by mixing cells from different regions. We also present a multi-staining platform that compartmentalizes each well into 5 smaller independent regions: four at the periphery and one in the center. This is ideal for studies that aim to grow cells on the whole well surface, for comparison with previous work and minimal interference in the cell culture, but require screening of markers by immunostaining afterwards. It allows to compare different regions of the well, reduces antibody-related costs, and allows the exploration of multiple markers essential for high-content screening of cell response. By increasing the versatility of the 6-well plate on an orbital shaker system, we hope that these two solutions motivate biologists to pursue studies on EC mechanobiology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fernandes
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Lee G, Cho Y, Kim EH, Choi JM, Chae SS, Lee MG, Kim J, Choi WJ, Kwon J, Han EH, Kim SH, Park S, Chung YH, Chi SG, Jung BH, Shin JH, Lee JO. Pillar-Based Mechanical Induction of an Aggressive Tumorigenic Lung Cancer Cell Model. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:20-31. [PMID: 34914354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tissue microarchitecture imposes physical constraints to the migration of individual cells. Especially in cancer metastasis, three-dimensional structural barriers within the extracellular matrix are known to affect the migratory behavior of cells, regulating the pathological state of the cells. Here, we employed a culture platform with micropillar arrays of 2 μm diameter and 16 μm pitch (2.16 micropillar) as a mechanical stimulant. Using this platform, we investigated how a long-term culture of A549 human lung carcinoma cells on the (2.16) micropillar-embossed dishes would influence the pathological state of the cell. A549 cells grown on the (2.16) micropillar array with 10 μm height exhibited a significantly elongated morphology and enhanced migration even after the detachment and reattachment, as evidenced in the conventional wound-healing assay, single-cell tracking analysis, and in vivo tumor colonization assays. Moreover, the pillar-induced morphological deformation in nuclei was accompanied by cell-cycle arrest in the S phase, leading to suppressed proliferation. While these marked traits of morphology-migration-proliferation support more aggressive characteristics of metastatic cancer cells, typical indices of epithelial-mesenchymal transition were not found, but instead, remarkable traces of amoeboidal transition were confirmed. Our study also emphasizes the importance of mechanical stimuli from the microenvironment during pathogenesis and how gained traits can be passed onto subsequent generations, ultimately affecting their pathophysiological behavior. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential use of pillar-based mechanical stimuli as an in vitro cell culture strategy to induce more aggressive tumorigenic cancer cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonhee Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Sang Chae
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Kim
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jin Choi
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kwon
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Chung
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-O Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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3
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Park R, Yoon JW, Lee JH, Hong SW, Kim JH. Phenotypic change of mesenchymal stem cells into smooth muscle cells regulated by dynamic cell-surface interactions on patterned arrays of ultrathin graphene oxide substrates. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:17. [PMID: 34983551 PMCID: PMC8725258 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The topographical interface of the extracellular environment has been appreciated as a principal biophysical regulator for modulating cell functions, such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Despite the existed approaches that use two-dimensional nanomaterials to provide beneficial effects, opportunities evaluating their impact on stem cells remain open to elicit unprecedented cellular responses. Herein, we report an ultrathin cell-culture platform with potential-responsive nanoscale biointerfaces for monitoring mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We designed an intriguing nanostructured array through self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets and subsequent lithographical patterning method to produce chemophysically defined regions. MSCs cultured on anisotropic micro/nanoscale patterned substrate were spontaneously organized in a highly ordered configuration mainly due to the cell-repellent interactions. Moreover, the spatially aligned MSCs were spontaneously differentiated into smooth muscle cells upon the specific crosstalk between cells. This work provides a robust strategy for directing stem cells and differentiation, which can be utilized as a potential cell culture platform to understand cell-substrate or cell-cell interactions, further developing tissue repair and stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowoon Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 46241, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Yoon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 50612, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 50612, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 46241, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 50612, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Roh H, Kim H, Park JK. Construction of a Fibroblast-Associated Tumor Spheroid Model Based on a Collagen Drop Array Chip. Biosensors 2021; 11:bios11120506. [PMID: 34940263 PMCID: PMC8699288 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spheroid, a 3D aggregate of tumor cells in a spherical shape, has overcome the limitations of conventional 3D cell models to accurately mimic the in-vivo environment of a human body. The spheroids are cultured with other primary cells and embedded in collagen drops using hang drop plates and low-attachment well plates to construct a spheroid–hydrogel model that better mimics the cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. However, the conventional methods of culturing and embedding spheroids into ECM have several shortcomings. The procedure of transferring a single spheroid at a time by manual pipetting results in well-to-well variation and even loss or damage of the spheroid. Based on the previously introduced droplet contact-based spheroid transfer technique, we present a poly(dimethylsiloxane) and resin-based drop array chip and a pillar array chip with alignment stoppers, which enhances the alignment between the chips for uniform placement of spheroids. This method allows the facile and stable transfer of the spheroid array and even eliminates the need for a stereomicroscope while handling the cell models. The novel platform demonstrates a homogeneous and time-efficient construction and diverse analysis of an array of fibroblast-associated glioblastoma multiforme spheroids that are embedded in collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Roh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Hwisoo Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.R.); (H.K.)
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-350-4315
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5
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Fang G, Lu H, Rodriguez de la Fuente L, Law AMK, Lin G, Jin D, Gallego‐Ortega D. Mammary Tumor Organoid Culture in Non-Adhesive Alginate for Luminal Mechanics and High-Throughput Drug Screening. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2102418. [PMID: 34494727 PMCID: PMC8564453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammary tumor organoids have become a promising in vitro model for drug screening and personalized medicine. However, the dependency on the basement membrane extract (BME) as the growth matrices limits their comprehensive application. In this work, mouse mammary tumor organoids are established by encapsulating tumor pieces in non-adhesive alginate. High-throughput generation of organoids in alginate microbeads is achieved utilizing microfluidic droplet technology. Tumor pieces within the alginate microbeads developed both luminal- and solid-like structures and displayed a high similarity to the original fresh tumor in cellular phenotypes and lineages. The mechanical forces of the luminal organoids in the alginate capsules are analyzed with the theory of the thick-wall pressure vessel (TWPV) model. The luminal pressure of the organoids increase with the lumen growth and can reach 2 kPa after two weeks' culture. Finally, the mammary tumor organoids are treated with doxorubicin and latrunculin A to evaluate their application as a drug screening platform. It is found that the drug response is related to the luminal size and pressures of organoids. This high-throughput culture for mammary tumor organoids may present a promising tool for preclinical drug target validation and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Fang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Laura Rodriguez de la Fuente
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research384 Victoria StreetDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
| | - Andrew M. K. Law
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research384 Victoria StreetDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
| | - Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
- UTS‐SUSTech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials and DevicesDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - David Gallego‐Ortega
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research384 Victoria StreetDarlinghurstNew South Wales2010Australia
- School of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadway UltimoSydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
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Deroy C, Nebuloni F, Cook PR, Walsh EJ. Microfluidics on Standard Petri Dishes for Bioscientists. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2100724. [PMID: 34927960 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Few microfluidic devices are used in biomedical labs, despite the obvious potential; reasons given include the devices are rarely made with cell-friendly materials, and liquids are inaccessibly buried behind solid confining walls. An open microfluidic approach is reviewed in which aqueous circuits with almost any imaginable 2D shape are fabricated in minutes on standard polystyrene Petri dishes by reshaping two liquids (cell-culture media plus an immiscible and bioinert fluorocarbon, FC40). Then, the aqueous phase becomes confined by fluid FC40 walls firmly pinned to the dish by interfacial forces. Such walls can be pierced at any point with pipets and liquids added or removed through them, while flows can be driven actively using external pumps or passively by exploiting local differences in Laplace pressure. As walls are robust, permeable to O2 plus CO2 , and transparent, cells are grown in incubators and monitored microscopically as usual. It is hoped that this simple, accessible, and affordable fluid-shaping technology provides bioscientists with an easy entrée into microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Deroy
- Osney Thermofluids Institute, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 0ES, UK
| | - Federico Nebuloni
- Osney Thermofluids Institute, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 0ES, UK
| | - Peter R Cook
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
- iotaSciences Ltd., Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX5 1PF, UK
| | - Edmond J Walsh
- Osney Thermofluids Institute, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 0ES, UK
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7
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Labouesse C, Tan BX, Agley CC, Hofer M, Winkel AK, Stirparo GG, Stuart HT, Verstreken CM, Mulas C, Mansfield W, Bertone P, Franze K, Silva JCR, Chalut KJ. StemBond hydrogels control the mechanical microenvironment for pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6132. [PMID: 34675200 PMCID: PMC8531294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of mechanical signalling are typically performed by comparing cells cultured on soft and stiff hydrogel-based substrates. However, it is challenging to independently and robustly control both substrate stiffness and extracellular matrix tethering to substrates, making matrix tethering a potentially confounding variable in mechanical signalling investigations. Moreover, unstable matrix tethering can lead to poor cell attachment and weak engagement of cell adhesions. To address this, we developed StemBond hydrogels, a hydrogel in which matrix tethering is robust and can be varied independently of stiffness. We validate StemBond hydrogels by showing that they provide an optimal system for culturing mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. We further show how soft StemBond hydrogels modulate stem cell function, partly through stiffness-sensitive ERK signalling. Our findings underline how substrate mechanics impact mechanosensitive signalling pathways regulating self-renewal and differentiation, indicating that optimising the complete mechanical microenvironment will offer greater control over stem cell fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Labouesse
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Bao Xiu Tan
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Chibeza C Agley
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Moritz Hofer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alexander K Winkel
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Giuliano G Stirparo
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Hannah T Stuart
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Christophe M Verstreken
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Carla Mulas
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - William Mansfield
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul Bertone
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, IR, USA
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - José C R Silva
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, 510005, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK.
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Chen CH, Li DL, Chuang ADC, Dash BS, Chen JP. Tension Stimulation of Tenocytes in Aligned Hyaluronic Acid/Platelet-Rich Plasma-Polycaprolactone Core-Sheath Nanofiber Membrane Scaffold for Tendon Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011215. [PMID: 34681872 PMCID: PMC8537129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To recreate the in vivo niche for tendon tissue engineering in vitro, the characteristics of tendon tissue underlines the use of biochemical and biophysical cues during tenocyte culture. Herein, we prepare core-sheath nanofibers with polycaprolactone (PCL) sheath for mechanical support and hyaluronic acid (HA)/platelet-rich plasma (PRP) core for growth factor delivery. Three types of core-sheath nanofiber membrane scaffolds (CSNMS), consisting of random HA-PCL nanofibers (Random), random HA/PRP-PCL nanofibers (Random+) or aligned HA/PRP-PCL (Align+) nanofibers, were used to study response of rabbit tenocytes to biochemical (PRP) and biophysical (fiber alignment) stimulation. The core-sheath structures as well as other pertinent properties of CSNMS have been characterized, with Align+ showing the best mechanical properties. The unidirectional growth of tenocytes, as induced by aligned fiber topography, was confirmed from cell morphology and cytoskeleton expression. The combined effects of PRP and fiber alignment in Align+ CSNMS lead to enhanced cell proliferation rates, as well as upregulated gene expression and marker protein synthesis. Another biophysical cue on tenocytes was introduced by dynamic culture of tenocyte-seeded Align+ in a bioreactor with cyclic tension stimulation. Augmented by this biophysical beacon from mechanical loading, dynamic cell culture could shorten the time for tendon maturation in vitro, with improved cell proliferation rates and tenogenic phenotype maintenance, compared to static culture. Therefore, we successfully demonstrate how combined use of biochemical/topographical cues as well as mechanical stimulation could ameliorate cellular response of tenocytes in CSNMS, which can provide a functional in vitro environmental niche for tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (A.D.-C.C.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Collage of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.-L.L.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Dai-Ling Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.-L.L.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Andy Deng-Chi Chuang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (A.D.-C.C.)
| | - Banendu Sunder Dash
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.-L.L.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Collage of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.-L.L.); (B.S.D.)
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3211-8800
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9
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Zhang T, Liu T, Hassan BA. Induction of granule and Purkinje cells from primary cultured mouse cerebellar progenitors. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100760. [PMID: 34467229 PMCID: PMC8384916 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The architecturally stereotypical structure of cerebellum is ideal for investigating the generation of neuronal diversity, but in vitro models for assessing early cerebellar progenitor differentiation were lacking. Here, we report a detailed protocol for long-term in vitro generation of Pax6+ granule cells and Calbindin+ Purkinje cells from common Sox2+ embryonic cerebellar progenitors. We describe the procedure for dissecting mouse cerebellar anlage, cell seeding, and tamoxifen-induced labeling of progenitor cells, followed by time-lapse video recording of clonal expansion and neuronal differentiation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tengyuan Liu
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bassem A. Hassan
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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10
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Tsuboi M, Gotoh Y. Analysis of histone modifications in mouse neocortical neural progenitor-stem cells at various developmental stages. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100763. [PMID: 34467231 PMCID: PMC8385115 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in histone modifications mediated by Polycomb group proteins can be indicative of the transition of gene repression mode during development. Here, we present methods for the isolation of mouse neocortical neural progenitor-stem cells (NPCs) and their culture, followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) techniques to examine changes in histone H2A ubiquitination patterns at various developmental stages. This protocol can be applied for both in vitro NPCs and NPCs directly isolated from mouse neocortices. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to (Tsuboi et al., 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukiko Gotoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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11
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Gabbireddy SR, Vosatka KW, Chung AJ, Logue JS. Melanoma cells adopt features of both mesenchymal and amoeboid migration within confining channels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17804. [PMID: 34493759 PMCID: PMC8423822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For metastasis to occur, cancer cells must traverse a range of tissue environments. In part, this is accomplished by cells adjusting their migration mode to one that is best suited to the environment. Melanoma cells have been shown to be particularly plastic, frequently using both mesenchymal and amoeboid (bleb-based) modes of migration. It has been demonstrated that 2D confinement will promote the transition from mesenchymal to bleb-based migration. However, if melanoma cells similarly transition to bleb-based migration in response to 3D confinement, such as within narrow channels, is unknown. Here, using micro-fabricated channels, we demonstrate that metastatic, A375-M2, melanoma cells adopt features of both mesenchymal and bleb-based migration. In narrow (8 µm; height and width) channels coated with fibronectin, ~ 50% of melanoma cells were found to use either mesenchymal or bleb-based migration modes. In contrast, the inhibition of Src family kinases or coating channels with BSA, completely eliminated any features of mesenchymal migration. Detailed comparisons of migration parameters revealed that blebbing cells, particularly in the absence of adhesions, were faster than mesenchymal cells. In contrast to what has been previously shown under conditions of 2D confinement, pharmacologically inhibiting Arp2/3 promoted a fast filopodial-based mode of migration. Accordingly, we report that melanoma cells adopt a unique range of phenotypes under conditions of 3D confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairisheel R Gabbireddy
- Undergraduate Research Program, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 110 8th St, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Karl W Vosatka
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Aram J Chung
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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12
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Gard AL, Luu RJ, Miller CR, Maloney R, Cain BP, Marr EE, Burns DM, Gaibler R, Mulhern TJ, Wong CA, Alladina J, Coppeta JR, Liu P, Wang JP, Azizgolshani H, Fezzie RF, Balestrini JL, Isenberg BC, Medoff BD, Finberg RW, Borenstein JT. High-throughput human primary cell-based airway model for evaluating influenza, coronavirus, or other respiratory viruses in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14961. [PMID: 34294757 PMCID: PMC8298517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza and other respiratory viruses present a significant threat to public health, national security, and the world economy, and can lead to the emergence of global pandemics such as from COVID-19. A barrier to the development of effective therapeutics is the absence of a robust and predictive preclinical model, with most studies relying on a combination of in vitro screening with immortalized cell lines and low-throughput animal models. Here, we integrate human primary airway epithelial cells into a custom-engineered 96-device platform (PREDICT96-ALI) in which tissues are cultured in an array of microchannel-based culture chambers at an air-liquid interface, in a configuration compatible with high resolution in-situ imaging and real-time sensing. We apply this platform to influenza A virus and coronavirus infections, evaluating viral infection kinetics and antiviral agent dosing across multiple strains and donor populations of human primary cells. Human coronaviruses HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 enter host cells via ACE2 and utilize the protease TMPRSS2 for spike protein priming, and we confirm their expression, demonstrate infection across a range of multiplicities of infection, and evaluate the efficacy of camostat mesylate, a known inhibitor of HCoV-NL63 infection. This new capability can be used to address a major gap in the rapid assessment of therapeutic efficacy of small molecules and antiviral agents against influenza and other respiratory viruses including coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Gard
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - R J Luu
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - C R Miller
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - R Maloney
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - B P Cain
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - E E Marr
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - D M Burns
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - R Gaibler
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - T J Mulhern
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - C A Wong
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - J Alladina
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J R Coppeta
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - P Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - J P Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - H Azizgolshani
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - J L Balestrini
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - B C Isenberg
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - B D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R W Finberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - J T Borenstein
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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13
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Nagano H, Suematsu Y, Takuma M, Aoki S, Satoh A, Takayama E, Kinoshita M, Morimoto Y, Takeoka S, Fujie T, Kiyosawa T. Enhanced cellular engraftment of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell spheroids by using nanosheets as scaffolds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14500. [PMID: 34262089 PMCID: PMC8280158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The short survival time of transplanted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) is a problem for skin wound healing. Transplantation after the formation of cellular spheroids has been investigated as a promising method for prolonging cellular survival. However, there have been technical restrictions for transplantation of spheroids in clinical practice. Here, we show an effective method for transplantation of ASC spheroids onto skin wounds in order to efficiently cure refractory ulcers. To assist anchoring of spheroids onto skin wounds, we used a 120-nm-thick free-standing film (nanosheet) that has a highly adhesive property. Bioluminescence imaging showed that ASC spheroids carried by the nanosheet survived for 14 days, which is about two-times longer than that previously reported. Wounds treated with a nanosheet carrying ASC spheroids were 4-times smaller than untreated wounds on day 14. This method for transplantation of spheroids could be applied to cell therapy for various refractory skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Nagano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Suematsu
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Megumi Takuma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpo Aoki
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-0082, Japan
| | - Eiji Takayama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yuji Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kiyosawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
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14
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Kim GJ, Lee KJ, Choi JW, An JH. Drug Evaluation Based on a Multi-Channel Cell Chip with a Horizontal Co-Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6997. [PMID: 34209790 PMCID: PMC8269340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a multi-channel cell chip containing a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold for horizontal co-culture and drug toxicity screening in multi-organ culture (human glioblastoma, cervical cancer, normal liver cells, and normal lung cells). The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multi-channel cell chip (PMCCC) was based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. The architecture of the PMCCC was an open-type cell chip and did not require a pump or syringe. We investigated cell proliferation and cytotoxicity by conducting 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays and analysis of oleanolic acid (OA)-treated multi-channel cell chips. The results of the MTT and LDH assays showed that OA treatment in the multi-channel cell chip of four cell lines enhanced chemoresistance of cells compared with that in the 2D culture. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of the application of our multi-channel cell chip in various analysis methods through Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, which is not used for conventional cell chips. Taken together, the results demonstrated that the PMCCC may be used as a new 3D platform because it enables simultaneous drug screening in multiple cells by single point injection and allows analysis of various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Ji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Kwon-Jai Lee
- College of H-LAC, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
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15
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Abstract
Mechanical signals are essential for the regulation of many biological processes. Therefore, it has become paramount to account for these mechanical parameters when exploring biological processes. Here, we describe a protocol to apply cyclic uniaxial stretch on cells in culture using a LEGO®-based mechanical stretcher and a flexible custom-made polydimethylsiloxane culture vessel as well as validated downstream applications. While this system offers an out-of-the-box limited type of simulation, it provides a reliable and low-cost opportunity to perform cell stretching. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Boulter et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boulter
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cédex 2, France
| | - Chloé C. Féral
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice Cédex 2, France
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16
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Burns AB, Doris C, Vehar K, Saxena V, Bardliving C, Shamlou PA, Phillips MI. Novel low shear 3D bioreactor for high purity mesenchymal stem cell production. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252575. [PMID: 34133442 PMCID: PMC8208585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow derived human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) are an attractive candidate for regenerative medicine. However, their harvest can be invasive, painful, and expensive, making it difficult to supply the enormous amount of pure hMSCs needed for future allogeneic therapies. Because of this, a robust method of scaled bioreactor culture must be designed to supply the need for high purity, high density hMSC yields. Here we test a scaled down model of a novel bioreactor consisting of an unsubmerged 3D printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) lattice matrix wetted by culture media. The growth matrix is uniform, replicable, and biocompatible, enabling homogenous cell culture in three dimensions. The goal of this study was to prove that hMSCs would culture well in this novel bioreactor design. The system tested resulted in comparable stem cell yields to other cell culture systems using bone marrow derived hMSCs, while maintaining viability (96.54% ±2.82), high purity (>98% expression of combined positive markers), and differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Burns
- Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Corinna Doris
- Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Vehar
- Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Vinit Saxena
- Sepragen Corporation, Hayward, California, United States of America
| | - Cameron Bardliving
- Jefferson Institute for Bioprocessing, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Parviz A. Shamlou
- Jefferson Institute for Bioprocessing, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Ian Phillips
- Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, California, United States of America
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17
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De Bem THC, Tinning H, Vasconcelos EJR, Wang D, Forde N. Endometrium On-a-Chip Reveals Insulin- and Glucose-induced Alterations in the Transcriptome and Proteomic Secretome. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6167824. [PMID: 33693651 PMCID: PMC8143652 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular interactions between the maternal environment and the developing embryo are key for early pregnancy success and are influenced by factors such as maternal metabolic status. Our understanding of the mechanism(s) through which these individual nutritional stressors alter endometrial function and the in utero environment for early pregnancy success is, however, limited. Here we report, for the first time, the use of an endometrium-on-a-chip microfluidics approach to produce a multicellular endometrium in vitro. Isolated endometrial cells (epithelial and stromal) from the uteri of nonpregnant cows in the early luteal phase (Days 4-7) were seeded in the upper chamber of the device (epithelial cells; 4-6 × 104 cells/mL) and stromal cells seeded in the lower chamber (1.5-2 × 104 cells/mL). Exposure of cells to different concentrations of glucose (0.5, 5.0, or 50 mM) or insulin (Vehicle, 1 or 10 ng/mL) was performed at a flow rate of 1 µL/minute for 72 hours. Quantitative differences in the cellular transcriptome and the secreted proteome of in vitro-derived uterine luminal fluid were determined by RNA-sequencing and tandem mass tagging mass spectrometry, respectively. High glucose concentrations altered 21 and 191 protein-coding genes in epithelial and stromal cells, respectively (P < .05), with a dose-dependent quantitative change in the protein secretome (1 and 23 proteins). Altering insulin concentrations resulted in limited transcriptional changes including transcripts for insulin-like binding proteins that were cell specific but altered the quantitative secretion of 196 proteins. These findings highlight 1 potential mechanism by which changes to maternal glucose and insulin alter uterine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago H C De Bem
- Discovery and Translational Sciences Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Haidee Tinning
- Discovery and Translational Sciences Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Niamh Forde
- Discovery and Translational Sciences Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- LeedsOmics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Correspondence: Niamh Forde, PhD, University of Leeds, LIGHT Laboratories, Clarendon Way, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
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18
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Milos F, Tullii G, Gobbo F, Lodola F, Galeotti F, Verpelli C, Mayer D, Maybeck V, Offenhäusser A, Antognazza MR. High Aspect Ratio and Light-Sensitive Micropillars Based on a Semiconducting Polymer Optically Regulate Neuronal Growth. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:23438-23451. [PMID: 33983012 PMCID: PMC8161421 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many nano- and microstructured devices capable of promoting neuronal growth and network formation have been previously investigated. In certain cases, topographical cues have been successfully complemented with external bias, by employing electrically conducting scaffolds. However, the use of optical stimulation with topographical cues was rarely addressed in this context, and the development of light-addressable platforms for modulating and guiding cellular growth and proliferation remains almost completely unexplored. Here, we develop high aspect ratio micropillars based on a prototype semiconducting polymer, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), as an optically active, three-dimensional platform for embryonic cortical neurons. P3HT micropillars provide a mechanically compliant environment and allow a close contact with neuronal cells. The combined action of nano/microtopography and visible light excitation leads to effective optical modulation of neuronal growth and orientation. Embryonic neurons cultured on polymer pillars show a clear polarization effect and, upon exposure to optical excitation, a significant increase in both neurite and axon length. The biocompatible, microstructured, and light-sensitive platform developed here opens up the opportunity to optically regulate neuronal growth in a wireless, repeatable, and spatio-temporally controlled manner without genetic modification. This approach may be extended to other cell models, thus uncovering interesting applications of photonic devices in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frano Milos
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH
University Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Gobbo
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Physics
Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche G. Natta (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- Istituto
di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH
University Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
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19
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Lee S, Kim HS, Min BH, Kim BG, Kim SA, Nam H, Lee M, Kim M, Hwang HY, Leesong AI, Leesong MM, Kim JH, Shin JS. Enhancement of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells by making uniform spheroid on the new nano-patterned plates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:164-169. [PMID: 33751933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions; thus, several MSC products have been applied as cell therapy in clinical trials worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC spheroids have superior anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions to a single cell suspension. Current methods to prepare MSC spheroids include hanging drop, concave microwell aggregation, spinner flask, and gravity circulation. However, all these methods have limitations such as low scalability, easy cell clumping, low viability, and irregular size distribution. Here, we present a nano-patterned culture plasticware named PAMcell™ 3D plate to overcome these limitations. Nano-sized silica particles (700 nm) coated with RGD peptide were arrayed into fusiform onto the PLGA film. This uniform array enabled the seeded MSCs to grow only on the silica particles, forming uniform-sized semi-spheroids within 48 h. These MSC spheroids have been shown to have enhanced stemness, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory functions, as revealed by the increased expression of stem cell markers (Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog), anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TSG6, and IDO), and immunomodulatory molecules (HGF, VEGF, CXCR4) both at mRNA and protein expression levels. Furthermore, these MSC spheroids demonstrated an increased palliative effect on glycemic control in a multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes model compared with the same number of MSC single cell suspensions. Taken together, this study presents a new method to produce uniform-sized MSC spheroids with enhanced anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lee
- R&D Center, YidoBio, Inc., 123 Beolmal-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14056, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Sop Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Hoon Min
- R&D Center, YidoBio, Inc., 123 Beolmal-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14056, South Korea
| | - Byoung Geun Kim
- R&D Center, YidoBio, Inc., 123 Beolmal-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14056, South Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kim
- R&D Center, YidoBio, Inc., 123 Beolmal-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14056, South Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Nam
- R&D Center, YidoBio, Inc., 123 Beolmal-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14056, South Korea
| | - Minsuk Lee
- R&D Center, YidoBio, Inc., 123 Beolmal-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14056, South Korea
| | - Minsun Kim
- R&D Center, YidoBio, Inc., 123 Beolmal-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14056, South Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Hwang
- R&D Center, YidoBio, Inc., 123 Beolmal-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14056, South Korea
| | - Alex Inkeun Leesong
- R&D Center, YidoBio, Inc., 123 Beolmal-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14056, South Korea
| | | | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
| | - Jun-Seop Shin
- R&D Center, YidoBio, Inc., 123 Beolmal-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14056, South Korea.
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20
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Deng Z, Wang W, Xu X, Nie Y, Liu Y, Gould OEC, Ma N, Lendlein A. Biofunction of Polydopamine Coating in Stem Cell Culture. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:10748-10759. [PMID: 33594879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during stem cell expansion often lead to replicative senescence. Here, a polydopamine (PDA)-coated substrate was used to scavenge extracellular ROS for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) expansion. The PDA-coated substrate could reduce the oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in replicative senescent MSCs. The expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase of MSCs from three human donors (both bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived) was suppressed on PDA. The MSCs on the PDA-coated substrate showed a lower level of interleukin 6 (IL-6), one of the senescence-associated inflammatory components. Cellular senescence-specific genes, such as p53 and p21, were downregulated on the PDA-coated substrate, while the stemness-related gene, OCT4, was upregulated. The PDA-coated substrate strongly promoted the proliferation rate of MSCs, while the stem cell character and differentiation potential were retained. Large-scale expansion of stem cells would greatly benefit from the PDA-coated substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Deng
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Xun Xu
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Yan Nie
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oliver E C Gould
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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21
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Chen Y, Hu Z, Zhao D, Zhou K, Huang Z, Zhao W, Yang X, Gao C, Cao Y, Hsu Y, Chang W, Wei Z, Liu X. Self-Assembled Hexagonal Superparamagnetic Cone Structures for Fabrication of Cell Cluster Arrays. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:10667-10673. [PMID: 33646740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated that arrays of cell clusters can be fabricated by self-assembled hexagonal superparamagnetic cone structures. When a strong out-of-plane magnetic field was applied to the ferrofluid on a glass substrate, it will induce the magnetic poles on the upper/lower surfaces of the continuous ferrofluid to increase the magnetostatic energy. The ferrofluid will then experience hydrodynamic instability and be split into small droplets with cone structures because of the compromising surface tension energy and magnetostatic energy to minimize the system's total energy. Furthermore, the ferrofluid cones were orderly self-assembled into hexagonal arrays to reach the lowest energy state. After dehydration of these liquid cones to form solid cones, polydimethylsiloxane was cast to fix the arrangement of hexagonal superparamagnetic cone structures and prevent the leakage of magnetic nanoparticles. The U-343 human neuronal glioblastoma cells were labeled with magnetic nanoparticles through endocytosis in co-culture with a ferrofluid. The number of magnetic nanoparticles internalized was (4.2 ± 0.84) × 106 per cell by the cell magnetophoresis analysis. These magnetically labeled cells were attracted and captured by hexagonal superparamagnetic cone structures to form cell cluster arrays. As a function of the solid cone size, the number of cells captured by each hexagonal superparamagnetic cone structure was increased from 48 to 126 under a 2000 G out-of-plane magnetic field. The local magnetic field gradient of the hexagonal superparamagnetic cone was 117.0-140.9 G/mm from the cell magnetophoresis. When an external magnetic field was applied, we observed that the number of protrusions of the cell edge decreased from the fluorescence images. It showed that the local magnetic field gradient caused by the hexagonal superparamagnetic cones restricted the cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinling Chen
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Zhixin Hu
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kejia Zhou
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-0010, United States
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- Center of Advance Analysis & Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chaojun Gao
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yangjie Cao
- School of Software & Hanwei Institute of Internet of Things, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yenya Hsu
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Weijen Chang
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, New York 13323-1218, United States
| | - Zonhan Wei
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Software & Hanwei Institute of Internet of Things, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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22
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Kim K, Kim J, Kim H, Sung GY. Effect of α-Lipoic Acid on the Development of Human Skin Equivalents Using a Pumpless Skin-on-a-Chip Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2160. [PMID: 33671528 PMCID: PMC7927099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the prohibition of cosmetic animal testing, various attempts have recently been made using skin-on-a-chip (SOC) technology as a replacement for animal testing. Previously, we reported the development of a pumpless SOC capable of drug testing with a simple drive using the principle that the medium flows along the channel by gravity when the chip is tilted using a microfluidic channel. In this study, using pumpless SOC, instead of drug testing at the single-cell level, we evaluated the efficacy of α-lipoic acid (ALA), which is known as an anti-aging substance in skin equivalents, for skin tissue and epidermal structure formation. The expression of proteins and changes in genotyping were compared and evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining for histological analysis showed a difference in the activity of fibroblasts in the dermis layer with respect to the presence or absence of ALA. We observed that the epidermis layer became increasingly prominent as the culture period was extended by treatment with 10 μM ALA. The expression of epidermal structural proteins of filaggrin, involucrin, keratin 10, and collagen IV increased because of the effect of ALA. Changes in the epidermis layer were noticeable after the ALA treatment. As a result of aging, damage to the skin-barrier function and structural integrity is reduced, indicating that ALA has an anti-aging effect. We performed a gene analysis of filaggrin, involucrin, keratin 10, integrin, and collagen I genes in ALA-treated human skin equivalents, which indicated an increase in filaggrin gene expression after ALA treatment. These results indicate that pumpless SOC can be used as an in vitro skin model similar to human skin, protein and gene expression can be analyzed, and it can be used for functional drug tests of cosmetic materials in the future. This technology is expected to contribute to the development of skin disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Graduate School, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jisue Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Graduate School, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyoungseob Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Graduate School, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Gun Yong Sung
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Graduate School, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.K.)
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Major in Materials Science and Engineering, School of Future Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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23
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Niculescu AG, Chircov C, Bîrcă AC, Grumezescu AM. Fabrication and Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2011. [PMID: 33670545 PMCID: PMC7921936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is a relatively newly emerged field based on the combined principles of physics, chemistry, biology, fluid dynamics, microelectronics, and material science. Various materials can be processed into miniaturized chips containing channels and chambers in the microscale range. A diverse repertoire of methods can be chosen to manufacture such platforms of desired size, shape, and geometry. Whether they are used alone or in combination with other devices, microfluidic chips can be employed in nanoparticle preparation, drug encapsulation, delivery, and targeting, cell analysis, diagnosis, and cell culture. This paper presents microfluidic technology in terms of the available platform materials and fabrication techniques, also focusing on the biomedical applications of these remarkable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Kulthong K, Hooiveld GJEJ, Duivenvoorde L, Miro Estruch I, Marin V, van der Zande M, Bouwmeester H. Transcriptome comparisons of in vitro intestinal epithelia grown under static and microfluidic gut-on-chip conditions with in vivo human epithelia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3234. [PMID: 33547413 PMCID: PMC7864925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-on-chip devices enable exposure of cells to a continuous flow of culture medium, inducing shear stresses and could thus better recapitulate the in vivo human intestinal environment in an in vitro epithelial model compared to static culture methods. We aimed to study if dynamic culture conditions affect the gene expression of Caco-2 cells cultured statically or dynamically in a gut-on-chip device and how these gene expression patterns compared to that of intestinal segments in vivo. For this we applied whole genome transcriptomics. Dynamic culture conditions led to a total of 5927 differentially expressed genes (3280 upregulated and 2647 downregulated genes) compared to static culture conditions. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed upregulated pathways associated with the immune system, signal transduction and cell growth and death, and downregulated pathways associated with drug metabolism, compound digestion and absorption under dynamic culture conditions. Comparison of the in vitro gene expression data with transcriptome profiles of human in vivo duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon tissue samples showed similarities in gene expression profiles with intestinal segments. It is concluded that both the static and the dynamic gut-on-chip model are suitable to study human intestinal epithelial responses as an alternative for animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornphimol Kulthong
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Loes Duivenvoorde
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Miro Estruch
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Marin
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meike van der Zande
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Schulz C, Krüger-Genge A, Lendlein A, Küpper JH, Jung F. Potential Effects of Nonadherent on Adherent Human Umbilical Venous Endothelial Cells in Cell Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031493. [PMID: 33540846 PMCID: PMC7867347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adherence and shear-resistance of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) on polymers is determined in vitro in order to qualify cardiovascular implant materials. In these tests, variable fractions of HUVEC do not adhere to the material but remain suspended in the culture medium. Nonadherent HUVEC usually stop growing, rapidly lose their viability and can release mediators able to influence the growth and function of the adherent HUVEC. The aim of this study was the investigation of the time dependent behaviour of HUVEC under controlled nonadherent conditions, in order to gain insights into potential influences of these cells on their surrounding environment in particular adherent HUVEC in the context of in vitro biofunctionality assessment of cardiovascular implant materials. Data from adherent or nonadherent HUVEC growing on polystyrene-based cell adhesive tissue culture plates (TCP) or nonadhesive low attachment plates (LAP) allow to calculate the number of mediators released into the culture medium either from adherent or nonadherent cells. Thus, the source of the inflammatory mediators can be identified. For nonadherent HUVEC, a time-dependent aggregation without further proliferation was observed. The rate of apoptotic/dead HUVEC progressively increased over 90% within two days. Concomitant with distinct blebbing and loss of membrane integrity over time, augmented releases of prostacyclin (PGI2, up to 2.91 ± 0.62 fg/cell) and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB, up to 1.46 ± 0.42 fg/cell) were detected. The study revealed that nonadherent, dying HUVEC released mediators, which can influence the surrounding microenvironment and thereby the results of in vitro biofunctionality assessment of cardiovascular implant materials. Neglecting nonadherent HUVEC bears the risk for under- or overestimation of the materials endothelialization potential, which could lead to the loss of relevant candidates or to uncertainty with regard to their suitability for cardiac applications. One approach to minimize the influence from nonadherent endothelial cells could be their removal shortly after observing initial cell adhesion. However, this would require an individual adaptation of the study design, depending on the properties of the biomaterial used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulz
- Fraunhofer Project Group PZ-Syn of the Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Brandenburg, Germany;
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany; (A.K.-G.); (F.J.)
| | - Anne Krüger-Genge
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany; (A.K.-G.); (F.J.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS 6299, Canada
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany; (A.K.-G.); (F.J.)
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany; (A.K.-G.); (F.J.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany;
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26
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Riss T, Trask OJ. Factors to consider when interrogating 3D culture models with plate readers or automated microscopes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:238-256. [PMID: 33564998 PMCID: PMC7946695 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Along with the increased use of more physiologically relevant three-dimensional cell culture models comes the responsibility of researchers to validate new assay methods that measure events in structures that are physically larger and more complex compared to monolayers of cells. It should not be assumed that assays designed using monolayers of cells will work for cells cultured as larger three-dimensional masses. The size and barriers for penetration of molecules through the layers of cells result in a different microenvironment for the cells in the outer layer compared to the center of three-dimensional structures. Diffusion rates for nutrients and oxygen may limit metabolic activity which is often measured as a marker for cell viability. For assays that lyse cells, the penetration of reagents to achieve uniform cell lysis must be considered. For live cell fluorescent imaging assays, the diffusion of fluorescent probes and penetration of photons of light for probe excitation and fluorescent emission must be considered. This review will provide an overview of factors to consider when implementing assays to interrogate three dimensional cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Riss
- Promega Corporation, Cell Health, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Fitchburg, WI, 53711, USA.
| | - O Joseph Trask
- PerkinElmer Inc., Life Sciences and Technology, 940 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
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27
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Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Pereira AR, Herrmann M, Hansmann J, Delgado-López JM, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Sandri M. Biomimetic Mineralization Promotes Viability and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Perfusion Bioreactor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1447. [PMID: 33535576 PMCID: PMC7867135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, the design of 3D systems capable of recreating composition, architecture and micromechanical environment of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) is still a challenge. While perfusion bioreactors have been proposed as potential tool to apply biomechanical stimuli, its use has been limited to a low number of biomaterials. In this work, we propose the culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in biomimetic mineralized recombinant collagen scaffolds with a perfusion bioreactor to simultaneously provide biochemical and biophysical cues guiding stem cell fate. The scaffolds were fabricated by mineralization of recombinant collagen in the presence of magnesium (RCP.MgAp). The organic matrix was homogeneously mineralized with apatite nanocrystals, similar in composition to those found in bone. X-Ray microtomography images revealed isotropic porous structure with optimum porosity for cell ingrowth. In fact, an optimal cell repopulation through the entire scaffolds was obtained after 1 day of dynamic seeding in the bioreactor. Remarkably, RCP.MgAp scaffolds exhibited higher cell viability and a clear trend of up-regulation of osteogenic genes than control (non-mineralized) scaffolds. Results demonstrate the potential of the combination of biomimetic mineralization of recombinant collagen in presence of magnesium and dynamic culture of hMSC as a promising strategy to closely mimic bone ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rita Pereira
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (A.R.P.); (M.H.); (J.H.)
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (A.R.P.); (M.H.); (J.H.)
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hansmann
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (A.R.P.); (M.H.); (J.H.)
| | | | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC-CNR), 48018 Faenza, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC-CNR), 48018 Faenza, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC-CNR), 48018 Faenza, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (M.S.)
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28
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Abstract
Hepatocytes, the major target of hepatitis C virus (HCV), are highly polarized. HCV infection requires extensive trafficking to distinct subcellular domains in the polarized hepatocyte. Polarized cells and three-dimensional organoids are commonly used to study liver functions and differentiation. Researchers have begun adapting these cell culture models that morphologically and physiologically resemble hepatocytes in vivo to study HCV infection. This review summarizes the use of three-dimensional cell culture systems in studies of HCV infection.
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29
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Adamczyk O, Baster Z, Szczypior M, Rajfur Z. Substrate Stiffness Mediates Formation of Novel Cytoskeletal Structures in Fibroblasts during Cell-Microspheres Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:960. [PMID: 33478069 PMCID: PMC7835802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that living cells interact mechanically with their microenvironment. Many basic cell functions, like migration, proliferation, gene expression, and differentiation, are influenced by external forces exerted on the cell. That is why it is extremely important to study how mechanical properties of the culture substrate influence the cellular molecular regulatory pathways. Optical microscopy is one of the most common experimental method used to visualize and study cellular processes. Confocal microscopy allows to observe changes in the 3D organization of the cytoskeleton in response to a precise mechanical stimulus applied with, for example, a bead trapped with optical tweezers. Optical tweezers-based method (OT) is a microrheological technique which employs a focused laser beam and polystyrene or latex beads to study mechanical properties of biological systems. Latex beads, functionalized with a specific protein, can interact with proteins located on the surface of the cellular membrane. Such interaction can significantly affect the cell's behavior. In this work, we demonstrate that beads alone, placed on the cell surface, significantly change the architecture of actin, microtubule, and intermediate filaments. We also show that the observed molecular response to such stimulus depends on the duration of the cell-bead interaction. Application of cytoskeletal drugs: cytochalasin D, jasplakinolide, and docetaxel, abrogates remodeling effects of the cytoskeleton. More important, when cells are plated on elastic substrates, which mimic the mechanical properties of physiological cellular environment, we observe formation of novel, "cup-like" structures formed by the microtubule cytoskeleton upon interaction with latex beads. These results provide new insights into the function of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Based on these results, we conclude that rigidity of the substrate significantly affects the cellular processes related to every component of the cytoskeleton, especially their architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Adamczyk
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (O.A.); (Z.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Baster
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (O.A.); (Z.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Maksymilian Szczypior
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (O.A.); (Z.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (O.A.); (Z.B.); (M.S.)
- Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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30
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Ishii M, Beeson G, Beeson C, Rohrer B. Isolation of Mitochondria from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Cultures and an Application of High-Resolution Respirometric Assay (XF e96 Seahorse Assay). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2277:423-431. [PMID: 34080166 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1270-5_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ is strictly regulated to maintain optimal levels for function of cellular organelles as well as mitochondrial respiratory signaling at the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain level. Optimal Ca2+ concentration for these processes vary between cell types. Furthermore, exposure of mitochondria to sustained, elevated levels of Ca2+ induces mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and damage to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. Isolated mitochondria are widely used to study mitochondrial physiology and drug effects on mitochondrial metabolism and respiratory function. However, isolated mitochondria are easily damaged during the mitochondrial isolation process. The present article describes a mitochondrial isolation method using Ca2+-chelation to minimize mitochondrial damage. We follow up the isolation process with an application that requires an optimized buffer Ca2+ concentration: the characterization of their respiratory function using a high-resolution respirometric assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Ishii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Gyda Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Craig Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Melt electrospinning writing (MEW) is a solvent-free fabrication method for making polymer fiber scaffolds with features which include large surface area, high porosity, and controlled deposition of the fibers. These scaffolds are ideal for tissue engineering applications. Here we describe how to produce scaffolds made from poly(ε-caprolactone) using MEW and the seeding of primary human-derived dermal fibroblasts to create cell-scaffold constructs. The same methodology could be used with any number of cell types and MEW scaffold designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore C L Bolle
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Deanna Nicdao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul D Dalton
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Tim R Dargaville
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Rai A, Fang H, Fatmous M, Claridge B, Poh QH, Simpson RJ, Greening DW. A Protocol for Isolation, Purification, Characterization, and Functional Dissection of Exosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2261:105-149. [PMID: 33420988 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1186-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles released by cells. They carry proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites which can be transferred to a recipient cell, locally or at a distance, to elicit a functional response. Since their discovery over 30 years ago, the functional repertoire of EVs in both physiological (e.g., organ morphogenesis, embryo implantation) and pathological (e.g., cancer, neurodegeneration) conditions has cemented their crucial role in intercellular communication. Moreover, because the cargo encapsulated within circulating EVs remains protected from degradation, their diagnostic as well as therapeutic (such as drug delivery tool) applications have garnered vested interest. Global efforts have been made to purify EV subtypes from biological fluids and in vitro cell culture media using a variety of strategies and techniques, with a major focus on EVs of endocytic origin called exosomes (30-150 nm in size). Given that the secretome comprises of soluble secreted proteins, protein aggregates, RNA granules, and EV subtypes (such as exosomes, shed microvesicles, apoptotic bodies), it is imperative to purify exosomes to homogeneity if we are to perform biochemical and biophysical characterization and, importantly, functional dissection. Besides understanding the composition of EV subtypes, defining molecular bias of how they reprogram target cells also remains of paramount importance in this area of active research. Here, we outline a systematic "how to" protocol (along with useful insights/tips) to obtain highly purified exosomes and perform their biophysical and biochemical characterization. This protocol employs a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to characterize the protein composition of exosomes. We also provide insights on different isolation strategies and their usefulness in various downstream applications. We outline protocols for lipophilic labeling of exosomes to study uptake by a recipient cell, investigating cellular reprogramming using proteomics and studying functional response to exosomes in the Transwell-Matrigel™ Invasion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Monique Fatmous
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qi Hui Poh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Patra B, Lateef MA, Brodeur MN, Fleury H, Carmona E, Péant B, Provencher D, Mes-Masson AM, Gervais T. Carboplatin sensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines: The impact of model systems. PLoS One 2021; 15:e0244549. [PMID: 33382759 PMCID: PMC7774933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in North America, underscoring the need for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the management of this disease. Although many drugs are pre-clinically tested every year, only a few are selected to be evaluated in clinical trials, and only a small number of these are successfully incorporated into standard care. Inaccuracies with the initial in vitro drug testing may be responsible for some of these failures. Drug testing is often performed using 2D monolayer cultures or 3D spheroid models. Here, we investigate the impact that these different in vitro models have on the carboplatin response of four EOC cell lines, and in particular how different 3D models (polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic chips and ultra low attachment plates) influence drug sensitivity within the same cell line. Our results show that carboplatin responses were observed in both the 3D spheroid models tested using apoptosis/cell death markers by flow cytometry. Contrary to previously reported observations, these were not associated with a significant decrease in spheroid size. For the majority of the EOC cell lines (3 out of 4) a similar carboplatin response was observed when comparing both spheroid methods. Interestingly, two cell lines classified as resistant to carboplatin in 2D cultures became sensitive in the 3D models, and one sensitive cell line in 2D culture showed resistance in 3D spheroids. Our results highlight the challenges of choosing the appropriate pre-clinical models for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnubrata Patra
- Department of Engineering Physics and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Muhammad Abdul Lateef
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melica Nourmoussavi Brodeur
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hubert Fleury
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Péant
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail: (TG); (AMMM)
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Department of Engineering Physics and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail: (TG); (AMMM)
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Sharker SM, Rahman A. A Review on the Current Methods of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells Cultivation for the Production of Therapeutic Protein. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:354-364. [PMID: 32164511 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200312102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most of the clinical approved protein-based drugs or under clinical trials have a profound impact on the treatment of critical diseases. The mammalian eukaryotic cells culture approaches, particularly the CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells are mainly used in the biopharmaceutical industry for the mass-production of the therapeutic protein. Recent advances in CHO cell bioprocessing to yield recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies have enabled the expression of quality protein. The developments of cell lines are possible to enhance specific productivity. As a result, it holds an interesting area for academic as well as industrial researchers around the world. This review will focus on the recent progress of the mammalian CHO cells culture technology and the future scope of further development for the mass-production of protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazid Md Sharker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Plot # 15, Block # B, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
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Zhang Y, Zeng Q, Shen Y, Yang L, Yu F. Electrochemical Stability Investigations and Drug Toxicity Tests of Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:56216-56221. [PMID: 33327057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) are emerging as a new frontier of organic bioelectronics, with promising applications in biosensing, pharmaceutical testing, and neuroscience. However, the limited charge carriers' mobility and well-known environmental instability of conjugated polymers constrain the real applications of organic bioelectronics. Here, we comparatively studied the electrochemical stability of p-type conjugated polymer films in the EGOFET configuration. By combining electrochemical stability tests, morphology characterization, and EQCM-D monitoring, we find that a donor-acceptor copolymer, poly(N-alkyldiketopyrrolo-pyrrole-dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (DPP-DTT) shows improved mobility and electrochemical stability under an electrolyte, which may benefit from the ordered morphology and close alkyl side-chains' interdigitation preventing water diffusion and ion doping during long-term operation under an electrolyte. Based on the DPP-DTT EGOFETs, we have demonstrated a low-cost drug toxicity test platform that is sensitive enough to distinguish the cytotoxicity of different chemicals. This study overall pushes forward the development of organic bioelectronics with enhanced stability and sensitivity and presents successful exploitation of EGOFET in pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qiming Zeng
- Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Shen
- Shenzhen Pynect Science and Technology Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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Sumbal J, Budkova Z, Traustadóttir GÁ, Koledova Z. Mammary Organoids and 3D Cell Cultures: Old Dogs with New Tricks. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:273-288. [PMID: 33210256 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
3D cell culture methods have been an integral part of and an essential tool for mammary gland and breast cancer research for half a century. In fact, mammary gland researchers, who discovered and deciphered the instructive role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in mammary epithelial cell functional differentiation and morphogenesis, were the pioneers of the 3D cell culture techniques, including organoid cultures. The last decade has brought a tremendous increase in the 3D cell culture techniques, including modifications and innovations of the existing techniques, novel biomaterials and matrices, new technological approaches, and increase in 3D culture complexity, accompanied by several redefinitions of the terms "3D cell culture" and "organoid". In this review, we provide an overview of the 3D cell culture and organoid techniques used in mammary gland biology and breast cancer research. We discuss their advantages, shortcomings and current challenges, highlight the recent progress in reconstructing the complex mammary gland microenvironment in vitro and ex vivo, and identify the missing 3D cell cultures, urgently needed to aid our understanding of mammary gland development, function, physiology, and disease, including breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sumbal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Budkova
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Gunnhildur Ásta Traustadóttir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Zuzana Koledova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Jackson R, Maarsingh JD, Herbst-Kralovetz MM, Van Doorslaer K. 3D Oral and Cervical Tissue Models for Studying Papillomavirus Host-Pathogen Interactions. Curr Protoc Microbiol 2020; 59:e129. [PMID: 33232584 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection occurs in differentiating epithelial tissues. Cancers caused by high-risk types (e.g., HPV16 and HPV18) typically occur at oropharyngeal and anogenital anatomical sites. The HPV life cycle is differentiation-dependent, requiring tissue culture methodology that is able to recapitulate the three-dimensional (3D) stratified epithelium. Here we report two distinct and complementary methods for growing differentiating epithelial tissues that mimic many critical morphological and biochemical aspects of in vivo tissue. The first approach involves growing primary human epithelial cells on top of a dermal equivalent consisting of collagen fibers and living fibroblast cells. When these cells are grown at the liquid-air interface, differentiation occurs and allows for epithelial stratification. The second approach uses a rotating wall vessel bioreactor. The low-fluid-shear microgravity environment inside the bioreactor allows the cells to use collagen-coated microbeads as a growth scaffold and self-assemble into 3D cellular aggregates. These approaches are applied to epithelial cells derived from HPV-positive and HPV-negative oral and cervical tissues. The second part of the article introduces potential downstream applications for these 3D tissue models. We describe methods that will allow readers to start successfully culturing 3D tissues from oral and cervical cells. These tissues have been used for microscopic visualization, scanning electron microscopy, and large omics-based studies to gain insights into epithelial biology, the HPV life cycle, and host-pathogen interactions. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Establishing human primary cell-derived 3D organotypic raft cultures Support Protocol 1: Isolation of epithelial cells from patient-derived tissues Support Protocol 2: Growth and maintenance of primary human epithelial cells in monolayer culture Support Protocol 3: PCR-based HPV screening of primary cell cultures Basic Protocol 2: Establishing human 3D cervical tissues using the rotating wall vessel bioreactor Support Protocol 4: Growth and maintenance of human A2EN cells in monolayer culture Support Protocol 5: Preparation of the slow-turning lateral vessel bioreactor Support Protocol 6: Preparation of Cytodex-3 microcarrier beads Basic Protocol 3: Histological assessment of 3D organotypic raft tissues Basic Protocol 4: Spatial analysis of protein expression in 3D organotypic raft cultures Basic Protocol 5: Immunofluorescence imaging of RWV-derived 3D tissues Basic Protocol 6: Ultrastructural visualization and imaging of RWV-derived 3D tissues Basic Protocol 7: Characterization of gene expression by RT-qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jackson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jason D Maarsingh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Melissa M Herbst-Kralovetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
- Clinical Translational Sciences Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Phoenix/Tucson, Arizona
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Salvador-Clavell R, Rodríguez-Fortún JM, López I, Martín de Llano JJ, Orús J, Sancho-Tello M, Carda C, Doweidar MH. Design and experimental validation of a magnetic device for stem cell culture. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:124103. [PMID: 33379939 DOI: 10.1063/5.0016374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture of bone and tendon tissues requires mechanical stimulation of the cells in order to mimic their physiological state. In the present work, a device has been conceived and developed to generate a controlled magnetic field with a homogeneous gradient in the working space. The design requirement was to maximize the magnetic flux gradient, assuring a minimum magnetizing value in a 15 mm × 15 mm working area, which highly increases the normal operating range of this sort of devices. The objective is to use the machine for two types of biological tests: magnetic irradiation of biological samples and force generation on paramagnetic particles embedded in scaffolds for cell culture. The device has been manufactured and experimentally validated by evaluating the force exerted on magnetic particles in a viscous fluid. Apart from the magnetic validation, the device has been tested for irradiating biological samples. In this case, viability of human dental pulp stem cells has been studied in vitro after electromagnetic field exposition using the designed device. After three days of irradiation treatment, cellular microtissues showed a 59% increase in the viable cell number. Irradiated cells did not show morphological differences when compared with control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Salvador-Clavell
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València 46010, Spain
| | | | - Irene López
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón (ITAINNOVA), Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - José Javier Martín de Llano
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València 46010, Spain
| | - Javier Orús
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón (ITAINNOVA), Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - María Sancho-Tello
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València 46010, Spain
| | - Carmen Carda
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, València 46010, Spain
| | - Mohamed H Doweidar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
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Zhu M, He X, Xin C, Zhu Y, Liu Z. 3D printing of an integrated triphasic MBG-alginate scaffold with enhanced interface bonding for hard tissue applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2020; 31:113. [PMID: 33247359 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects affect both of cartilage and subchondral areas, thus it poses a significant challenge to simultaneously regenerate two parts in orthopedics. Tissue engineering strategy is currently regarded as the most promising way to repair osteochondral defects. This study focuses on developing a multilayered scaffold with enhanced interface bonding through 3D printing. One-shot printing process enables control over material composition, pore structure, and size in each region of the scaffold, while realizes seamlessly integrated construct as well. The scaffold was designed to be triphasic: a porous bone layer composed of alginate sodium (SA) and mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBG), an intermediate dense layer also composed of SA and MBG and a cartilaginous layer composed of SA. The mechanical strength including the interface adhesion strength between layers were characterized. The results indicated that SA crosslinking after 3D printing anchored different materials together and integrated all regions. Additional scaffold soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) and cell culture medium induced apatite deposition and had weakened the compressive and tensile strengths, while no layer dislocation or delamination occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chen Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhongtang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
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40
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Kuriyama T, Fukuma Y, Imashiro C, Kabayama K, Kurashina Y, Takemura K. Detachment of RAW264.7 macrophages from a culture dish using ultrasound excited by a Langevin transducer. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:320-325. [PMID: 33250410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To study the relationship between macrophages and antigens, an efficient culture method for macrophages is important. During culture, macrophages adhering to the culture surface are difficult to harvest by general trypsinization. Thus, prolonged trypsinization or cell scraping has been used to detach macrophages. However, prolonged trypsinization has a negative effect on cell viability, and the detachment efficiency with cell scrapers depends highly on the skill of a technician. Therefore, we developed a macrophage-detaching method by combining trypsin-EDTA and ultrasonic vibration to detach cells from a ubiquitous culture vessel. We fabricated a device that propagated ultrasound to a φ-35-mm culture dish from underneath. To demonstrate our concept, RAW264.7 cells were used as model cells and exposed to several detaching conditions to evaluate the effects of our developed method. In addition to the proposed method, as traditional detaching methods, simple trypsinization with trypsin-EDTA and manual cell scraping were performed. Furthermore, to determine the optimal intensity of the ultrasound, input voltages into the ultrasound transducer of 200, 225, and 250 V were used. As a result, the number of live cells detached by the developed method with an input amplitude of 225 V was approximately 4.8 times more than that by simple trypsinization and approximately 4.3 times more than that by scraping. Furthermore, the proliferation and phagocytosis level of the cells were increased by the developed method at 225 V, while no significant difference was found in metabolism. Thus, the developed method improves culture efficiency and cell functions without causing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kuriyama
- School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukuma
- School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Imashiro
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, TWIns, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuta Kurashina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan; School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Takemura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
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Sarkar S, Peng CC, Tung YC. Comparison of VEGF-A secretion from tumor cells under cellular stresses in conventional monolayer culture and microfluidic three-dimensional spheroid models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240833. [PMID: 33175874 PMCID: PMC7657494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major cytokine in tumor biology affecting tumor survival, aggressiveness and pro-angiogenetic activities. In addition, cellular stresses often result in aggressive pro-angiogenetic behavior in tumors. For in vitro study, conventional monolayer cell culture has been broadly exploited; however, it often provides limited information due to its different microenvironment from that in vivo. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid culture provides in vivo-like microenvironments to study tumor biology and their survival mechanisms with better predictive power. In this work, vascular endothelial growth factor of type A (VEGF-A) secretion from osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells cultured using monolayer and 3D spheroid models under two stress conditions: nutrient deficiency (reduced serum culture) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibition (HIF inhibitor, YC-1) are characterized and systematically compared. In order to obtain ample sample size for consistent characterization of cellular responses from cancer spheroids under the stresses and compare the responses to those from the conventional monolayer model, a microfluidic spheroid formation and culture device is utilized in the experiments. In the analysis, cell viability is estimated from captured images, and quantification of VEGF-A secreted from the cells is achieved using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The experimental results show that the viabilities decrease when the cells face higher stress levels in both monolayer and 3D spheroid culture models; however, the VEGF-A secretion profiles between the cell culture models are different. The VEGF-A secretion decreases when the cells face higher stress conditions in the monolayer cell culture. In contrast, for the 3D spheroid culture, the VEGF-A concentration decreases for low stress levels but increases while the stress level is high. The VEGF-A regulation in the 3D models mimics in vivo cases of tumor survival and can provide insightful information to investigate tumor angiogenesis in vitro. The approach developed in this paper provides an efficient method to quantitatively and statistically study tumor growth kinetics and stress responses from highly uniform samples and it can also be applied to compare the underlying biomolecular mechanisms in monolayer and 3D spheroid culture models to elucidate the effects of microenvironments on cellular response in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreerupa Sarkar
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Nano Science and Technology Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Peng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Nano Science and Technology Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Gamez C, Schneider-Wald B, Bieback K, Schuette A, Büttner S, Hafner M, Gretz N, Schwarz ML. Compression Bioreactor-Based Mechanical Loading Induces Mobilization of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells into Collagen Scaffolds In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218249. [PMID: 33158020 PMCID: PMC7672606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) is an avascular tissue composed of scattered chondrocytes embedded in a dense extracellular matrix, in which nourishment takes place via the synovial fluid at the surface. AC has a limited intrinsic healing capacity, and thus mainly surgical techniques have been used to relieve pain and improve function. Approaches to promote regeneration remain challenging. The microfracture (MF) approach targets the bone marrow (BM) as a source of factors and progenitor cells to heal chondral defects in situ by opening small holes in the subchondral bone. However, the original function of AC is not obtained yet. We hypothesize that mechanical stimulation can mobilize mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from BM reservoirs upon MF of the subchondral bone. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the counts of mobilized human BM-MSCs (hBM-MSCs) in alginate-laminin (alginate-Ln) or collagen-I (col-I) scaffolds upon intermittent mechanical loading. The mechanical set up within an established bioreactor consisted of 10% strain, 0.3 Hz, breaks of 10 s every 180 cycles for 24 h. Contrary to previous findings using porcine MSCs, no significant cell count was found for hBM-MSCs into alginate-Ln scaffolds upon mechanical stimulation (8 ± 5 viable cells/mm3 for loaded and 4 ± 2 viable cells/mm3 for unloaded alginate-Ln scaffolds). However, intermittent mechanical stimulation induced the mobilization of hBM-MSCs into col-I scaffolds 10-fold compared to the unloaded col-I controls (245 ± 42 viable cells/mm3 vs. 22 ± 6 viable cells/mm3, respectively; p-value < 0.0001). Cells that mobilized into the scaffolds by mechanical loading did not show morphological changes. This study confirmed that hBM-MSCs can be mobilized in vitro from a reservoir toward col-I but not alginate-Ln scaffolds upon intermittent mechanical loading, against gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gamez
- Section for Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (C.G.); (B.S.-W.); (A.S.)
| | - Barbara Schneider-Wald
- Section for Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (C.G.); (B.S.-W.); (A.S.)
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden Württemberg—Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Andy Schuette
- Section for Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (C.G.); (B.S.-W.); (A.S.)
| | - Sylvia Büttner
- Department for Statistical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University & Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Markus L. Schwarz
- Section for Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (C.G.); (B.S.-W.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-4569
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Rajasekar S, Lin DSY, Abdul L, Liu A, Sotra A, Zhang F, Zhang B. IFlowPlate-A Customized 384-Well Plate for the Culture of Perfusable Vascularized Colon Organoids. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2002974. [PMID: 33000879 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the complexity and structural sophistication that 3D organoid models provide, their lack of vascularization and perfusion limit the capability of these models to recapitulate organ physiology effectively. A microfluidic platform named IFlowPlate is engineered, which can be used to culture up to 128 independently perfused and vascularized colon organoids in vitro. Unlike traditional microfluidic devices, the vascularized organoid-on-chip device with an "open-well" design does not require any external pumping systems and allows tissue extraction for downstream analyses, such as histochemistry or even in vivo transplantation. By optimizing both the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the culture media formulation, patient-derived colon organoids are co-cultured successfully within a self-assembled vascular network, and it is found that the colon organoids grow significantly better in the platform under constant perfusion versus conventional static condition. Furthermore, a colon inflammation model with an innate immune function where circulating monocytes can be recruited from the vasculature, differentiate into macrophage, and infiltrate the colon organoids in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- inflammatory cytokine stimulation is developed using the platform. With the ability to grow vascularized colon organoids under intravascular perfusion, the IFlowPlate platform could unlock new possibilities for screening potential therapeutic targets or modeling relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravanthi Rajasekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Dawn S Y Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lyan Abdul
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Amy Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alexander Sotra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
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Weider M, Schröder A, Docheva D, Rodrian G, Enderle I, Seidel CL, Andreev D, Wegner M, Bozec A, Deschner J, Kirschneck C, Proff P, Gölz L. A Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Cell Line as a New Model to Study Periodontal Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217961. [PMID: 33120924 PMCID: PMC7663139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is exposed to different kinds of mechanical stresses such as bite force or orthodontic tooth movement. A simple and efficient model to study molecular responses to mechanical stress is the application of compressive force onto primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts via glass disks. Yet, this model suffers from the need for primary cells from human donors which have a limited proliferative capacity. Here we show that an immortalized cell line, PDL-hTERT, derived from primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts exhibits characteristic responses to glass disk-mediated compressive force resembling those of primary cells. These responses include induction and secretion of pro-inflammatory markers, changes in expression of extracellular matrix-reorganizing genes and induction of genes related to angiogenesis, osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. The fact that PDL-hTERT cells can easily be transfected broadens their usefulness, as molecular gain- and loss-of-function studies become feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Weider
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Glueckstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.R.); (I.E.); (C.L.S.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 49-9131-85-45653
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.S.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Rodrian
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Glueckstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.R.); (I.E.); (C.L.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Isabel Enderle
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Glueckstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.R.); (I.E.); (C.L.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Corinna Lesley Seidel
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Glueckstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.R.); (I.E.); (C.L.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Darja Andreev
- Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstr. 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (D.A.); (A.B.)
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.S.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.S.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Glueckstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (G.R.); (I.E.); (C.L.S.); (L.G.)
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45
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Chin MW, Norman MDA, Gentleman E, Coppens MO, Day RM. A Hydrogel-Integrated Culture Device to Interrogate T Cell Activation with Physicochemical Cues. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:47355-47367. [PMID: 33027591 PMCID: PMC7586298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent rise of adoptive T cell therapy (ATCT) as a promising cancer immunotherapy has triggered increased interest in therapeutic T cell bioprocessing. T cell activation is a critical processing step and is known to be modulated by physical parameters, such as substrate stiffness. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about how biophysical factors regulate immune cells, such as T cells. Understanding how T cell activation is modulated by physical and biochemical cues may offer novel methods to control cell behavior for therapeutic cell processing. Inspired by T cell mechanosensitivity, we developed a multiwell, reusable, customizable, two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogel-integrated culture device to study the physicochemical stimulation of Jurkat T cells. Substrate stiffness and ligand density were tuned by concentrations of the hydrogel cross-linker and antibody in the coating solution, respectively. We cultured Jurkat T cells on 2D hydrogels of different stiffnesses that presented surface-immobilized stimulatory antibodies against CD3 and CD28 and demonstrated that Jurkat T cells stimulated by stiff hydrogels (50.6 ± 15.1 kPa) exhibited significantly higher interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion, but lower proliferation, than those stimulated by softer hydrogels (7.1 ± 0.4 kPa). In addition, we found that increasing anti-CD3 concentration from 10 to 30 μg/mL led to a significant increase in IL-2 secretion from cells stimulated on 7.1 ± 0.4 and 9.3 ± 2.4 kPa gels. Simultaneous tuning of substrate stiffness and stimulatory ligand density showed that the two parameters synergize (two-way ANOVA interaction effect: p < 0.001) to enhance IL-2 secretion. Our results demonstrate the importance of physical parameters in immune cell stimulation and highlight the potential of designing future immunostimulatory biomaterials that are mechanically tailored to balance stimulatory strength and downstream proliferative capacity of therapeutic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
H. W. Chin
- Centre
for Precision Healthcare, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nature Inspired Engineering, University
College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. A. Norman
- Centre
for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre
for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Marc-Olivier Coppens
- Centre
for Nature Inspired Engineering, University
College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Day
- Centre
for Precision Healthcare, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nature Inspired Engineering, University
College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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46
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Ooeda K, Kubiura‐Ichimaru M, Tsuji S, Okuyama S, Yamashita M, Mine A, Kawamura F, Ueyama T, Tada M. A two-dimensional multiwell cell culture method for the production of CYP3A4-expressing hepatocyte-like cells from HepaRG cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00652. [PMID: 32955797 PMCID: PMC7507088 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) function in drug metabolism in the liver. To evaluate numerous drug candidates, a high-content screening (HCS) system with hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) that can replace adult human hepatocytes is required. Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepaRG is the only cell line capable of providing HLCs with high CYP3A4 expression comparable to that in adult hepatocytes after cell differentiation. The aim of this study was to design an ideal multiwell culture system for HLCs using transgenic HepaRG cells expressing the EGFP coding an enhanced green fluorescent protein under CYP3A4 transcriptional regulation. HLCs were matured on five different types of 96-well black plates. Culturing HLCs on glass-bottom Optical CVG plates significantly promoted cell maturation and increased metabolic activity by twofold under two-dimensional (2D) culture conditions, and these features were enhanced by 2% collagen coating. Three plates for three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures with a gas-exchangeable fabric or dimethylpolysiloxane membrane bottom formed multiple round colonies, whereas they were ineffective for CYP3A4 expression. Under optimized conditions presented here, HLCs lost responsiveness to nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional induction of CYP3A4, suggesting that CYP3A4 transcription has already been fully upregulated. Therefore, HepaRG-derived HLCs will provide an alternative to human hepatocytes with high levels of CYP3A4 enzyme activity even under 2D culture conditions. This will improve a variety of drug screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ooeda
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
| | - Musashi Kubiura‐Ichimaru
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
| | | | - Shota Okuyama
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
| | - Mao Yamashita
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
| | - Akari Mine
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
| | - Fumihiko Kawamura
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
| | | | - Masako Tada
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
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47
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Yang C, Luo J, Polunas M, Bosnjak N, Chueng STD, Chadwick M, Sabaawy HE, Chester SA, Lee KB, Lee H. 4D-Printed Transformable Tube Array for High-Throughput 3D Cell Culture and Histology. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2004285. [PMID: 32864842 PMCID: PMC7603422 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
3D cell cultures are rapidly emerging as a promising tool to model various human physiologies and pathologies by closely recapitulating key characteristics and functions of in vivo microenvironment. While high-throughput 3D culture is readily available using multi-well plates, assessing the internal microstructure of 3D cell cultures still remains extremely slow because of the manual, laborious, and time-consuming histological procedures. Here, a 4D-printed transformable tube array (TTA) using a shape-memory polymer that enables massively parallel histological analysis of 3D cultures is presented. The interconnected TTA can be programmed to be expanded by 3.6 times of its printed dimension to match the size of a multi-well plate, with the ability to restore its original dimension for transferring all cultures to a histology cassette in order. Being compatible with microtome sectioning, the TTA allows for parallel histology processing for the entire samples cultured in a multi-well plate. The test result with human neural progenitor cell spheroids suggests a remarkable reduction in histology processing time by an order of magnitude. High-throughput analysis of 3D cultures enabled by this TTA has great potential to further accelerate innovations in various 3D culture applications such as high-throughput/content screening, drug discovery, disease modeling, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Marianne Polunas
- Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 41 Gordon Road, Suite B, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Nikola Bosnjak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 200 Central Ave, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Sy-Tsong Dean Chueng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Michelle Chadwick
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Hatem E Sabaawy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Shawn A Chester
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 200 Central Ave, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Howon Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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48
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Kreuder AE, Bolaños-Rosales A, Palmer C, Thomas A, Geiger MA, Lam T, Amler AK, Markert UR, Lauster R, Kloke L. Inspired by the human placenta: a novel 3D bioprinted membrane system to create barrier models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15606. [PMID: 32973223 PMCID: PMC7515925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrier organ models need a scaffold structure to create a two compartment culture. Technical filter membranes used most often as scaffolds may impact cell behaviour and present a barrier themselves, ultimately limiting transferability of test results. In this work we present an alternative for technical filter membrane systems: a 3D bioprinted biological membrane in 24 well format. The biological membrane, based on extracellular matrix (ECM), is highly permeable and presents a natural 3D environment for cell culture. Inspired by the human placenta we established a coculture of a trophoblast-derived cell line (BeWo b30), together with primary placental fibroblasts within the biological membrane (simulating villous stroma) and primary human placental endothelial cells-representing three cellular components of the human placental villus. All cell types maintained their cell type specific marker expression after two weeks of coculture on the biological membrane. In permeability assays the trophoblast layer developed a barrier on the biological membrane, which was even more pronounced when cocultured with fibroblasts. In this work we present a filter membrane free scaffold, we characterize its properties and assess its suitability for cell culture and barrier models. Further we show a novel placenta inspired model in a complex bioprinted coculture. In the absence of an artificial filter membrane, we demonstrate barrier architecture and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Elisabeth Kreuder
- Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany.
- Cellbricks GmbH, Berlin, 13355, Germany.
| | - Aramis Bolaños-Rosales
- Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany
- Cellbricks GmbH, Berlin, 13355, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Thomas
- Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany
- Cellbricks GmbH, Berlin, 13355, Germany
| | | | | | - Anna-Klara Amler
- Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany
- Cellbricks GmbH, Berlin, 13355, Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Lauster
- Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany
| | - Lutz Kloke
- Cellbricks GmbH, Berlin, 13355, Germany.
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49
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Moß C, Jarmatz N, Heinze J, Scholl S, Schröder U. Optimal Geometric Parameters for 3D Electrodes in Bioelectrochemical Systems: A Systematic Approach. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5119-5129. [PMID: 32659033 PMCID: PMC7540030 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of electroactive bacteria (EAB), cultivated inside tubular electrode ducts, is systematically investigated to derive predictions on the behavior of EAB under conditions limited by electrochemical losses. A modeling approach is applied to assess the influence of the electrochemical losses on the electrochemical performance and scaling characteristics of complex 3D structures, such as sponges and foams. A modular flow reactor is designed that provides laminar and reproducible flow conditions as a platform for the systematic electrochemical and bioelectrochemical characterization of 3D electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems (BES). The bioelectrochemical experiments are carried out in a set of reactors incorporating cylindrical electrodes exhibiting ducts of 1 cm length and different diameters ranging from 0.1 cm up to 1 cm. Single duct calculations are extrapolated to three dimensions through geometrical considerations; trends in 3D bioanode performance are demonstrated using the resulting simplified 3D structure. The combined experimental and modeling approach constitutes a framework for future studies on systematic electrode design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Moß
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Niklas Jarmatz
- Institute for Chemical and Thermal Process EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigLanger Kamp 738106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Janina Heinze
- Institute for Chemical and Thermal Process EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigLanger Kamp 738106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Stephan Scholl
- Institute for Chemical and Thermal Process EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigLanger Kamp 738106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Uwe Schröder
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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50
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Fedele C, Mäntylä E, Belardi B, Hamkins-Indik T, Cavalli S, Netti PA, Fletcher DA, Nymark S, Priimagi A, Ihalainen TO. Azobenzene-based sinusoidal surface topography drives focal adhesion confinement and guides collective migration of epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15329. [PMID: 32948792 PMCID: PMC7501301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface topography is a key parameter in regulating the morphology and behavior of single cells. At multicellular level, coordinated cell displacements drive many biological events such as embryonic morphogenesis. However, the effect of surface topography on collective migration of epithelium has not been studied in detail. Mastering the connection between surface features and collective cellular behaviour is highly important for novel approaches in tissue engineering and repair. Herein, we used photopatterned microtopographies on azobenzene-containing materials and showed that smooth topographical cues with proper period and orientation can efficiently orchestrate cell alignment in growing epithelium. Furthermore, the experimental system allowed us to investigate how the orientation of the topographical features can alter the speed of wound closure in vitro. Our findings indicate that the extracellular microenvironment topography coordinates their focal adhesion distribution and alignment. These topographic cues are able to guide the collective migration of multicellular systems, even when cell-cell junctions are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fedele
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Mäntylä
- BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Brian Belardi
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tiama Hamkins-Indik
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Silvia Cavalli
- Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Soile Nymark
- BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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