1
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Dorgau B, Collin J, Rozanska A, Zerti D, Unsworth A, Crosier M, Hussain R, Coxhead J, Dhanaseelan T, Patel A, Sowden JC, FitzPatrick DR, Queen R, Lako M. Single-cell analyses reveal transient retinal progenitor cells in the ciliary margin of developing human retina. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3567. [PMID: 38670973 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of retinal progenitor cells and differentiation to various retinal cell types represent fundamental processes during retinal development. Herein, we provide a comprehensive single cell characterisation of transcriptional and chromatin accessibility changes that underline retinal progenitor cell specification and differentiation over the course of human retinal development up to midgestation. Our lineage trajectory data demonstrate the presence of early retinal progenitors, which transit to late, and further to transient neurogenic progenitors, that give rise to all the retinal neurons. Combining single cell RNA-Seq with spatial transcriptomics of early eye samples, we demonstrate the transient presence of early retinal progenitors in the ciliary margin zone with decreasing occurrence from 8 post-conception week of human development. In retinal progenitor cells, we identified a significant enrichment for transcriptional enhanced associate domain transcription factor binding motifs, which when inhibited led to loss of cycling progenitors and retinal identity in pluripotent stem cell derived organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Dorgau
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Joseph Collin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Agata Rozanska
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Darin Zerti
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Moira Crosier
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | | | | | - Aara Patel
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane C Sowden
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Queen
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
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2
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Throesch BT, Bin Imtiaz MK, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Sakurai M, Hartzell AL, James KN, Rodriguez AR, Martin G, Lippi G, Kupriyanov S, Wu Z, Osten P, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Wu J, Baldwin KK. Functional sensory circuits built from neurons of two species. Cell 2024; 187:2143-2157.e15. [PMID: 38670072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A central question for regenerative neuroscience is whether synthetic neural circuits, such as those built from two species, can function in an intact brain. Here, we apply blastocyst complementation to selectively build and test interspecies neural circuits. Despite approximately 10-20 million years of evolution, and prominent species differences in brain size, rat pluripotent stem cells injected into mouse blastocysts develop and persist throughout the mouse brain. Unexpectedly, the mouse niche reprograms the birth dates of rat neurons in the cortex and hippocampus, supporting rat-mouse synaptic activity. When mouse olfactory neurons are genetically silenced or killed, rat neurons restore information flow to odor processing circuits. Moreover, they rescue the primal behavior of food seeking, although less well than mouse neurons. By revealing that a mouse can sense the world using neurons from another species, we establish neural blastocyst complementation as a powerful tool to identify conserved mechanisms of brain development, plasticity, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Throesch
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Khadeesh Bin Imtiaz
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrea L Hartzell
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kiely N James
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alberto R Rodriguez
- Mouse Genetics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Greg Martin
- Mouse Genetics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Giordano Lippi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sergey Kupriyanov
- Mouse Genetics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kristin K Baldwin
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Stiefbold M, Zhang H, Wan LQ. Engineered platforms for mimicking cardiac development and drug screening. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:197. [PMID: 38664263 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects are associated with significant health challenges, demanding a deep understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and, thus, better devices or platforms that can recapitulate human cardiac development. The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells has substantially reduced the dependence on animal models. Recent advances in stem cell biology, genetic editing, omics, microfluidics, and sensor technologies have further enabled remarkable progress in the development of in vitro platforms with increased fidelity and efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of advancements in in vitro cardiac development platforms, with a particular focus on technological innovation. We categorize these platforms into four areas: two-dimensional solid substrate cultures, engineered substrate architectures that enhance cellular functions, cardiac organoids, and embryos/explants-on-chip models. We conclude by addressing current limitations and presenting future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Stiefbold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8t Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Haokang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8t Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Leo Q Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8t Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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4
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Tian Q, Chung H, Wen D. The role of lipids in genome integrity and pluripotency. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:639-650. [PMID: 38506536 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), comprising embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offer immense potential for regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into all cell types of the adult body. A critical aspect of harnessing this potential is understanding their metabolic requirements during derivation, maintenance, and differentiation in vitro. Traditional culture methods using fetal bovine serum often lead to issues such as heterogeneous cell populations and diminished pluripotency. Although the chemically-defined 2i/LIF medium has provided solutions to some of these challenges, prolonged culturing of these cells, especially female ESCs, raises concerns related to genome integrity. This review discusses the pivotal role of lipids in genome stability and pluripotency of stem cells. Notably, the introduction of lipid-rich albumin, AlbuMAX, into the 2i/LIF culture medium offers a promising avenue for enhancing the genomic stability and pluripotency of cultured ESCs. We further explore the unique characteristics of lipid-induced pluripotent stem cells (LIP-ESCs), emphasizing their potential in regenerative medicine and pluripotency research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Tian
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
| | - Hoyoung Chung
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
| | - Duancheng Wen
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
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5
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Walsh RM, Luongo R, Giacomelli E, Ciceri G, Rittenhouse C, Verrillo A, Galimberti M, Bocchi VD, Wu Y, Xu N, Mosole S, Muller J, Vezzoli E, Jungverdorben J, Zhou T, Barker RA, Cattaneo E, Studer L, Baggiolini A. Generation of human cerebral organoids with a structured outer subventricular zone. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114031. [PMID: 38583153 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer radial glia (oRG) emerge as cortical progenitor cells that support the development of an enlarged outer subventricular zone (oSVZ) and the expansion of the neocortex. The in vitro generation of oRG is essential to investigate the underlying mechanisms of human neocortical development and expansion. By activating the STAT3 signaling pathway using leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which is not expressed in guided cortical organoids, we define a cortical organoid differentiation method from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that recapitulates the expansion of a progenitor pool into the oSVZ. The oSVZ comprises progenitor cells expressing specific oRG markers such as GFAP, LIFR, and HOPX, closely matching human fetal oRG. Finally, incorporating neural crest-derived LIF-producing cortical pericytes into cortical organoids recapitulates the effects of LIF treatment. These data indicate that increasing the cellular complexity of the organoid microenvironment promotes the emergence of oRG and supports a platform to study oRG in hPSC-derived brain organoids routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Walsh
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Raffaele Luongo
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Giacomelli
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriele Ciceri
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chelsea Rittenhouse
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY 1300, USA
| | - Antonietta Verrillo
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maura Galimberti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Dickinson Bocchi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Youjun Wu
- The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nan Xu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - James Muller
- Developmental Biology and Immunology Programs, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes Jungverdorben
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roger A Barker
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY 1300, USA.
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
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6
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Xue X, Kim YS, Ponce-Arias AI, O'Laughlin R, Yan RZ, Kobayashi N, Tshuva RY, Tsai YH, Sun S, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wong FCK, Surani A, Spence JR, Song H, Ming GL, Reiner O, Fu J. A patterned human neural tube model using microfluidic gradients. Nature 2024; 628:391-399. [PMID: 38408487 PMCID: PMC11006583 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The human nervous system is a highly complex but organized organ. The foundation of its complexity and organization is laid down during regional patterning of the neural tube, the embryonic precursor to the human nervous system. Historically, studies of neural tube patterning have relied on animal models to uncover underlying principles. Recently, models of neurodevelopment based on human pluripotent stem cells, including neural organoids1-5 and bioengineered neural tube development models6-10, have emerged. However, such models fail to recapitulate neural patterning along both rostral-caudal and dorsal-ventral axes in a three-dimensional tubular geometry, a hallmark of neural tube development. Here we report a human pluripotent stem cell-based, microfluidic neural tube-like structure, the development of which recapitulates several crucial aspects of neural patterning in brain and spinal cord regions and along rostral-caudal and dorsal-ventral axes. This structure was utilized for studying neuronal lineage development, which revealed pre-patterning of axial identities of neural crest progenitors and functional roles of neuromesodermal progenitors and the caudal gene CDX2 in spinal cord and trunk neural crest development. We further developed dorsal-ventral patterned microfluidic forebrain-like structures with spatially segregated dorsal and ventral regions and layered apicobasal cellular organizations that mimic development of the human forebrain pallium and subpallium, respectively. Together, these microfluidics-based neurodevelopment models provide three-dimensional lumenal tissue architectures with in vivo-like spatiotemporal cell differentiation and organization, which will facilitate the study of human neurodevelopment and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yung Su Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alfredo-Isaac Ponce-Arias
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard O'Laughlin
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robin Zhexuan Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norio Kobayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rami Yair Tshuva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frederick C K Wong
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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7
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Okubo T, Rivron N, Kabata M, Masaki H, Kishimoto K, Semi K, Nakajima-Koyama M, Kunitomi H, Kaswandy B, Sato H, Nakauchi H, Woltjen K, Saitou M, Sasaki E, Yamamoto T, Takashima Y. Hypoblast from human pluripotent stem cells regulates epiblast development. Nature 2024; 626:357-366. [PMID: 38052228 PMCID: PMC10849967 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several studies using cultures of human embryos together with single-cell RNA-seq analyses have revealed differences between humans and mice, necessitating the study of human embryos1-8. Despite the importance of human embryology, ethical and legal restrictions have limited post-implantation-stage studies. Thus, recent efforts have focused on developing in vitro self-organizing models using human stem cells9-17. Here, we report genetic and non-genetic approaches to generate authentic hypoblast cells (naive hPSC-derived hypoblast-like cells (nHyCs))-known to give rise to one of the two extraembryonic tissues essential for embryonic development-from naive human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Our nHyCs spontaneously assemble with naive hPSCs to form a three-dimensional bilaminar structure (bilaminoids) with a pro-amniotic-like cavity. In the presence of additional naive hPSC-derived analogues of the second extraembryonic tissue, the trophectoderm, the efficiency of bilaminoid formation increases from 20% to 40%, and the epiblast within the bilaminoids continues to develop in response to trophectoderm-secreted IL-6. Furthermore, we show that bilaminoids robustly recapitulate the patterning of the anterior-posterior axis and the formation of cells reflecting the pregastrula stage, the emergence of which can be shaped by genetically manipulating the DKK1/OTX2 hypoblast-like domain. We have therefore successfully modelled and identified the mechanisms by which the two extraembryonic tissues efficiently guide the stage-specific growth and progression of the epiblast as it establishes the post-implantation landmarks of human embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Okubo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicolas Rivron
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mio Kabata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Katsunori Semi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - May Nakajima-Koyama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruko Kunitomi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Belinda Kaswandy
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Medical-risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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8
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Wu X, Ni Y, Li W, Yang B, Yang X, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Wu X, Shen Q, Liao Z, Yuan L, Chen Y, Du Q, Wang C, Liu P, Miao Y, Li N, Zhang S, Liao M, Hua J. Rapid conversion of porcine pluripotent stem cells into macrophages with chemically defined conditions. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105556. [PMID: 38097188 PMCID: PMC10825052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A renewable source of porcine macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) would be a valuable alternative to primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in the research of host-pathogen interaction mechanisms. We developed an efficient and rapid protocol, within 11 days, to derive macrophages from porcine PSCs (pPSCs). The pPSC-derived macrophages (pPSCdMs) exhibited molecular and functional characteristics of primary macrophages. The pPSCdMs showed macrophage-specific surface protein expression and macrophage-specific transcription factors, similar to PAMs. The pPSCdMs also exhibited the functional characteristics of macrophages, such as endocytosis, phagocytosis, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus infection and the response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Furthermore, we performed transcriptome sequencing of the whole differentiation process to track the fate transitions of porcine PSCs involved in the signaling pathway. The activation of transforming growth factor beta signaling was required for the formation of mesoderm and the inhibition of the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway at the hematopoietic endothelium stage could enhance the fate transformation of hematopoiesis. In summary, we developed an efficient and rapid protocol to generate pPSCdMs that showed aspects of functional maturity comparable with PAMs. pPSCdMs could provide a broad prospect for the platforms of host-pathogen interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenshuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liming Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengbao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiliang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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9
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Xu T, Su P, Wu L, Li D, Qin W, Li Q, Zhou J, Miao YL. OCT4 regulates WNT/β-catenin signaling and prevents mesoendoderm differentiation by repressing EOMES in porcine pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2855-2866. [PMID: 37942811 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory network between signaling pathways and transcription factors (TFs) is crucial for the maintenance of pluripotent stem cells. However, little is known about how the key TF OCT4 coordinates signaling pathways to regulate self-renewal and lineage differentiation of porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs). Here, we explored the function of OCT4 in pPSCs by transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analysis. The TFs motif enrichment analysis revealed that, following OCT4 knockdown, the regions of increased chromatin accessibility were enriched with EOMES, GATA6, and FOXA1, indicating that pPSCs differentiated toward the mesoendoderm (ME) lineage. Besides, pPSCs rapidly differentiated into ME when the WNT/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 was removed. However, the ME differentiation of pPSCs caused by OCT4 knockdown did not rely on the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling because the target gene of WNT/β-catenin signaling, AXIN2 was not upregulated after OCT4 knockdown, despite significant upregulation of WLS and some WNT ligands. Importantly, OCT4 is directly bound to the promoter and enhancers of EOMES and repressed its transcription. Overexpression of EOMES was sufficient to induce ME differentiation in the presence of XAV939. These results demonstrate that OCT4 can regulate WNT/β-catenin signaling and prevent ME differentiation of pPSCs by repressing EOMES transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Su
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linhui Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Delong Li
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jilong Zhou
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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10
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Ware CB, Jonlin EC, Anderson DJ, Cavanaugh C, Hesson J, Sidhu S, Cook S, Villagomez-Olea G, Horwitz MS, Wang Y, Mathieu J. Derivation of Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using a CHK1 Inhibitor. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2980-2990. [PMID: 37702917 PMCID: PMC10662141 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic development is a continuum in vivo. Transcriptional analysis can separate established human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into at least four distinct developmental pluripotent stages, two naïve and two primed, early and late relative to the intact epiblast. In this study we primarily show that exposure of frozen human blastocysts to an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) upon thaw greatly enhances establishment of karyotypically normal late naïve hESC cultures. These late naïve cells are plastic and can be toggled back to early naïve and forward to early primed pluripotent stages. The early primed cells are transcriptionally equivalent to the post inner cell mass intermediate (PICMI) stage seen one day following transfer of human blastocysts into in vitro culture and are stable at an earlier stage than conventional primed hESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Ware
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Erica C Jonlin
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Donovan J Anderson
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christopher Cavanaugh
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer Hesson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sonia Sidhu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Savannah Cook
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Guillermo Villagomez-Olea
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marshall S Horwitz
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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11
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Pedroza M, Gassaloglu SI, Dias N, Zhong L, Hou TCJ, Kretzmer H, Smith ZD, Sozen B. Self-patterning of human stem cells into post-implantation lineages. Nature 2023; 622:574-583. [PMID: 37369348 PMCID: PMC10584676 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Investigating human development is a substantial scientific challenge due to the technical and ethical limitations of working with embryonic samples. In the face of these difficulties, stem cells have provided an alternative to experimentally model inaccessible stages of human development in vitro1-13. Here we show that human pluripotent stem cells can be triggered to self-organize into three-dimensional structures that recapitulate some key spatiotemporal events of early human post-implantation embryonic development. Our system reproducibly captures spontaneous differentiation and co-development of embryonic epiblast-like and extra-embryonic hypoblast-like lineages, establishes key signalling hubs with secreted modulators and undergoes symmetry breaking-like events. Single-cell transcriptomics confirms differentiation into diverse cell states of the perigastrulating human embryo14,15 without establishing placental cell types, including signatures of post-implantation epiblast, amniotic ectoderm, primitive streak, mesoderm, early extra-embryonic endoderm, as well as initial yolk sac induction. Collectively, our system captures key features of human embryonic development spanning from Carnegie stage16 4-7, offering a reproducible, tractable and scalable experimental platform to understand the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie human development, including new opportunities to dissect congenital pathologies with high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Pedroza
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Seher Ipek Gassaloglu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicolas Dias
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liangwen Zhong
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tien-Chi Jason Hou
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Helene Kretzmer
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zachary D Smith
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Berna Sozen
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Weatherbee BAT, Gantner CW, Iwamoto-Stohl LK, Daza RM, Hamazaki N, Shendure J, Zernicka-Goetz M. Pluripotent stem cell-derived model of the post-implantation human embryo. Nature 2023; 622:584-593. [PMID: 37369347 PMCID: PMC10584688 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The human embryo undergoes morphogenetic transformations following implantation into the uterus, but our knowledge of this crucial stage is limited by the inability to observe the embryo in vivo. Models of the embryo derived from stem cells are important tools for interrogating developmental events and tissue-tissue crosstalk during these stages1. Here we establish a model of the human post-implantation embryo, a human embryoid, comprising embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. We combine two types of extraembryonic-like cell generated by overexpression of transcription factors with wild-type embryonic stem cells and promote their self-organization into structures that mimic several aspects of the post-implantation human embryo. These self-organized aggregates contain a pluripotent epiblast-like domain surrounded by extraembryonic-like tissues. Our functional studies demonstrate that the epiblast-like domain robustly differentiates into amnion, extraembryonic mesenchyme and primordial germ cell-like cells in response to bone morphogenetic protein cues. In addition, we identify an inhibitory role for SOX17 in the specification of anterior hypoblast-like cells2. Modulation of the subpopulations in the hypoblast-like compartment demonstrates that extraembryonic-like cells influence epiblast-like domain differentiation, highlighting functional tissue-tissue crosstalk. In conclusion, we present a modular, tractable, integrated3 model of the human embryo that will enable us to probe key questions of human post-implantation development, a critical window during which substantial numbers of pregnancies fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A T Weatherbee
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos W Gantner
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa K Iwamoto-Stohl
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Riza M Daza
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Hamazaki
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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13
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Taubenschmid-Stowers J, Reik W. Human 8-cell embryo-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102066. [PMID: 37356343 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The totipotent embryo initiates transcription during zygotic or embryonic genome activation (EGA, ZGA). ZGA occurs at the 8-cell stage in humans and its failure leads to developmental arrest. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying ZGA and totipotency is essential to comprehend human development. Recently, human 8-cell-like cells (8CLCs) have been discovered in vitro that resemble the 8-cell embryo. 8CLCs exist among naive pluripotent stem cells and can be induced genetically or chemically. Their ZGA-like transcriptome, transposable element activation, 8-cell embryo-specific protein expression, and developmental properties make them an exceptional model system to study early embryonic cell-state transitions and human totipotency programs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolf Reik
- Altos Labs Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK; Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. https://twitter.com/@ReikLab
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14
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Hu Y, Yang Y, Tan P, Zhang Y, Han M, Yu J, Zhang X, Jia Z, Wang D, Yao K, Pang H, Hu Z, Li Y, Ma T, Liu K, Ding S. Induction of mouse totipotent stem cells by a defined chemical cocktail. Nature 2023; 617:792-797. [PMID: 35728625 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In mice, only the zygotes and blastomeres from 2-cell embryos are authentic totipotent stem cells (TotiSCs) capable of producing all the differentiated cells in both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues and forming an entire organism1. However, it remains unknown whether and how totipotent stem cells can be established in vitro in the absence of germline cells. Here we demonstrate the induction and long-term maintenance of TotiSCs from mouse pluripotent stem cells using a combination of three small molecules: the retinoic acid analogue TTNPB, 1-azakenpaullone and the kinase blocker WS6. The resulting chemically induced totipotent stem cells (ciTotiSCs), resembled mouse totipotent 2-cell embryo cells at the transcriptome, epigenome and metabolome levels. In addition, ciTotiSCs exhibited bidirectional developmental potentials and were able to produce both embryonic and extraembryonic cells in vitro and in teratoma. Furthermore, following injection into 8-cell embryos, ciTotiSCs contributed to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages with high efficiency. Our chemical approach to totipotent stem cell induction and maintenance provides a defined in vitro system for manipulating and developing understanding of the totipotent state and the development of multicellular organisms from non-germline cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxia Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeran Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhua Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Sung TC, Maitiruze K, Pan J, Gong J, Bai Y, Pan X, Higuchi A. Universal and hypoimmunogenic pluripotent stem cells for clinical usage. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2023; 199:271-296. [PMID: 37678974 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
It is urgent to prepare and store large numbers of clinical trial grade human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells for off-the-shelf use in stem cell therapies. However, stem cell banks, which store off-the-shelf stem cells, need financial support and large amounts of technicians for daily cell maintenance. Therefore, it is valuable to create "universal" or "hypoimmunogenic" hPS cells with genome editing engineering by knocking in or out immune-related genes. Only a small number of universal or hypoimmunogenic hPS cell lines should be needed to store for off-the-shelf usage and reduce the large amounts of instruments, consumables and technicians. In this article, we consider how to create hypoimmunogenic or universal hPS cells as well as the demerits of the technology. β2-Microglobulin-knockout hPS cells did not harbor human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-expressing class I cells but led to the activation of natural killer cells. To escape the activities of macrophages and natural killer cells, homozygous hPS cells having a single allele of an HLA class I gene, such as HLA-C, were proposed. Major HLA class Ia molecules were knocked out, and CD47, HLA-G and PD-L1 were knocked in hPS cells utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Finally, some researchers are trying to generate universal hPS cells without genome editing. The cells evaded the activation of not only T cells but also macrophages and natural killer cells. These universal hPS cells have high potential for application in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Cheng Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Kailibinuer Maitiruze
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital Area, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital Area, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Akon Higuchi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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16
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Zhao F, Yu J, Ding Q, Chen K, Xia S, Qian Y, Gao Y, Lin Z, Wang H, Zhong J. Optimization of bovine embryonic fibroblast feeder layer prepared by Mitomycin C. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:221-230. [PMID: 35896934 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Feeder cells play important roles in In-vitro culture of stem cells. However, the preparation protocol of feeder cells produced by bovine embryonic fibroblast cells (bEFs) is still lack. In this study, the preparation of bEF-feeder by Mitomycin C was optimized with different concentrations and treatment time. The cell viability of bEFs was detected by CCK8 and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine. The growth of bESCs in each bEFs-feeder group was assessed by alkaline phosphatase staining and CCK8. Quantitative real time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of pluripotency-related genes of bESCs. Results showed that the proliferation of bEFs was significantly repressed while bEFs were treated with 14 ug/mL or 16 ug/mL Mitomycin C for 3 h, and the cell viability within 2-4 days after treatment was consistent with the 1st day. The numbers of bESCs clones in bEF-feeder treated with 14 μg/mL Mitomycin C for 3 h or 16 μg/mL Mitomycin C for 3 h were significantly higher than that in bEF-feeder treated with 8 μg/mL Mitomycin C for 8 h or bEFs treated with 6 μg/mL Mitomycin C for 9 h. The mRNA expression of pluripotency-related genes in bESCs cultured by bEF-feeder were higher than the MEF-feeder, the clone morphology of bESCs cultured in bEF-feeder was rounder and sharper than the MEF-feeder. In conclusion, the bEF-feeder prepared with 14 μg/mL Mitomycin C for 3 h or 16 μg/mL Mitomycin C for 3 h could effectively maintains the growth of bESCs, and bEF-feeder is more suitable for bESCs culture than the MEF-feeder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology / Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianning Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology / Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology / Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kunlin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology / Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuwen Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology / Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology / Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yundong Gao
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co.,Ltd, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiping Lin
- Jiangsu Youyuan Dairy Research Institute, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology / Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jifeng Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology / Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Diaz-Cuadros M, Miettinen TP, Skinner OS, Sheedy D, Díaz-García CM, Gapon S, Hubaud A, Yellen G, Manalis SR, Oldham WM, Pourquié O. Metabolic regulation of species-specific developmental rates. Nature 2023; 613:550-557. [PMID: 36599986 PMCID: PMC9944513 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animals display substantial inter-species variation in the rate of embryonic development despite a broad conservation of the overall sequence of developmental events. Differences in biochemical reaction rates, including the rates of protein production and degradation, are thought to be responsible for species-specific rates of development1-3. However, the cause of differential biochemical reaction rates between species remains unknown. Here, using pluripotent stem cells, we have established an in vitro system that recapitulates the twofold difference in developmental rate between mouse and human embryos. This system provides a quantitative measure of developmental speed as revealed by the period of the segmentation clock, a molecular oscillator associated with the rhythmic production of vertebral precursors. Using this system, we show that mass-specific metabolic rates scale with the developmental rate and are therefore higher in mouse cells than in human cells. Reducing these metabolic rates by inhibiting the electron transport chain slowed down the segmentation clock by impairing the cellular NAD+/NADH redox balance and, further downstream, lowering the global rate of protein synthesis. Conversely, increasing the NAD+/NADH ratio in human cells by overexpression of the Lactobacillus brevis NADH oxidase LbNOX increased the translation rate and accelerated the segmentation clock. These findings represent a starting point for the manipulation of developmental rate, with multiple translational applications including accelerating the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells for disease modelling and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Diaz-Cuadros
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Teemu P Miettinen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Owen S Skinner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dylan Sheedy
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Svetlana Gapon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexis Hubaud
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Yellen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Manalis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William M Oldham
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Propagation of human naïve pluripotent stem cells (nPSCs) relies on the inhibition of MEK/ERK signalling. However, MEK/ERK inhibition also promotes differentiation into trophectoderm (TE). Therefore, robust self-renewal requires suppression of TE fate. Tankyrase inhibition using XAV939 has been shown to stabilise human nPSCs and is implicated in TE suppression. Here, we dissect the mechanism of this effect. Tankyrase inhibition is known to block canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling. However, we show that nPSCs depleted of β-catenin remain dependent on XAV939. Rather than inhibiting Wnt, we found that XAV939 prevents TE induction by reducing activation of YAP, a co-factor of TE-inducing TEAD transcription factors. Tankyrase inhibition stabilises angiomotin, which limits nuclear accumulation of YAP. Upon deletion of angiomotin-family members AMOT and AMOTL2, nuclear YAP increases and XAV939 fails to prevent TE induction. Expression of constitutively active YAP similarly precipitates TE differentiation. Conversely, nPSCs lacking YAP1 or its paralog TAZ (WWTR1) resist TE differentiation and self-renewal efficiently without XAV939. These findings explain the distinct requirement for tankyrase inhibition in human but not in mouse nPSCs and highlight the pivotal role of YAP activity in human naïve pluripotency and TE differentiation. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Dattani
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Tao Huang
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Corin Liddle
- Bioimaging Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Austin Smith
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ge Guo
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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19
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Pașca SP, Arlotta P, Bateup HS, Camp JG, Cappello S, Gage FH, Knoblich JA, Kriegstein AR, Lancaster MA, Ming GL, Muotri AR, Park IH, Reiner O, Song H, Studer L, Temple S, Testa G, Treutlein B, Vaccarino FM. A nomenclature consensus for nervous system organoids and assembloids. Nature 2022; 609:907-910. [PMID: 36171373 PMCID: PMC10571504 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-organizing three-dimensional cellular models derived from human pluripotent stem cells or primary tissue have great potential to provide insights into how the human nervous system develops, what makes it unique and how disorders of the nervous system arise, progress and could be treated. Here, to facilitate progress and improve communication with the scientific community and the public, we clarify and provide a basic framework for the nomenclature of human multicellular models of nervous system development and disease, including organoids, assembloids and transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu P Pașca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helen S Bateup
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Gray Camp
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Stem Cell Program, Archealization Center, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Orly Reiner
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flora M Vaccarino
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Bergmann S, Penfold CA, Slatery E, Siriwardena D, Drummer C, Clark S, Strawbridge SE, Kishimoto K, Vickers A, Tewary M, Kohler TN, Hollfelder F, Reik W, Sasaki E, Behr R, Boroviak TE. Spatial profiling of early primate gastrulation in utero. Nature 2022; 609:136-143. [PMID: 35709828 PMCID: PMC7614364 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gastrulation controls the emergence of cellular diversity and axis patterning in the early embryo. In mammals, this transformation is orchestrated by dynamic signalling centres at the interface of embryonic and extraembryonic tissues1-3. Elucidating the molecular framework of axis formation in vivo is fundamental for our understanding of human development4-6 and to advance stem-cell-based regenerative approaches7. Here we illuminate early gastrulation of marmoset embryos in utero using spatial transcriptomics and stem-cell-based embryo models. Gaussian process regression-based 3D transcriptomes delineate the emergence of the anterior visceral endoderm, which is hallmarked by conserved (HHEX, LEFTY2, LHX1) and primate-specific (POSTN, SDC4, FZD5) factors. WNT signalling spatially coordinates the formation of the primitive streak in the embryonic disc and is counteracted by SFRP1 and SFRP2 to sustain pluripotency in the anterior domain. Amnion specification occurs at the boundaries of the embryonic disc through ID1, ID2 and ID3 in response to BMP signalling, providing a developmental rationale for amnion differentiation of primate pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Spatial identity mapping demonstrates that primed marmoset PSCs exhibit the highest similarity to the anterior embryonic disc, whereas naive PSCs resemble the preimplantation epiblast. Our 3D transcriptome models reveal the molecular code of lineage specification in the primate embryo and provide an in vivo reference to decipher human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher A Penfold
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erin Slatery
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dylan Siriwardena
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charis Drummer
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephen Clark
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stanley E Strawbridge
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keiko Kishimoto
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Alice Vickers
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mukul Tewary
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Wolf Reik
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten E Boroviak
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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21
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Pothiawala A, Sahbazoglu BE, Ang BK, Matthias N, Pei G, Yan Q, Davis BR, Huard J, Zhao Z, Nakayama N. GDF5+ chondroprogenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells preferentially form permanent chondrocytes. Development 2022; 149:dev196220. [PMID: 35451016 PMCID: PMC9245189 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been established in the mouse model that during embryogenesis joint cartilage is generated from a specialized progenitor cell type, distinct from that responsible for the formation of growth plate cartilage. We recently found that mesodermal progeny of human pluripotent stem cells gave rise to two types of chondrogenic mesenchymal cells in culture: SOX9+ and GDF5+ cells. The fast-growing SOX9+ cells formed in vitro cartilage that expressed chondrocyte hypertrophy markers and readily underwent mineralization after ectopic transplantation. In contrast, the slowly growing GDF5+ cells derived from SOX9+ cells formed cartilage that tended to express low to undetectable levels of chondrocyte hypertrophy markers, but expressed PRG4, a marker of embryonic articular chondrocytes. The GDF5+-derived cartilage remained largely unmineralized in vivo. Interestingly, chondrocytes derived from the GDF5+ cells seemed to elicit these activities via non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses suggested that GDF5+ cells might contain a teno/ligamento-genic potential, whereas SOX9+ cells resembled neural crest-like progeny-derived chondroprogenitors. Thus, human pluripotent stem cell-derived GDF5+ cells specified to generate permanent-like cartilage seem to emerge coincidentally with the commitment of the SOX9+ progeny to the tendon/ligament lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Pothiawala
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Berke E. Sahbazoglu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bryan K. Ang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadine Matthias
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qing Yan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian R. Davis
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naoki Nakayama
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Mazid MA, Ward C, Luo Z, Liu C, Li Y, Lai Y, Wu L, Li J, Jia W, Jiang Y, Liu H, Fu L, Yang Y, Ibañez DP, Lai J, Wei X, An J, Guo P, Yuan Y, Deng Q, Wang Y, Liu Y, Gao F, Wang J, Zaman S, Qin B, Wu G, Maxwell PH, Xu X, Liu L, Li W, Esteban MA. Rolling back human pluripotent stem cells to an eight-cell embryo-like stage. Nature 2022; 605:315-324. [PMID: 35314832 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
After fertilization, the quiescent zygote experiences a burst of genome activation that initiates a short-lived totipotent state. Understanding the process of totipotency in human cells would have broad applications. However, in contrast to in mice1,2, demonstration of the time of zygotic genome activation or the eight-cell (8C) stage in in vitro cultured human cells has not yet been reported, and the study of embryos is limited by ethical and practical considerations. Here we describe a transgene-free, rapid and controllable method for producing 8C-like cells (8CLCs) from human pluripotent stem cells. Single-cell analysis identified key molecular events and gene networks associated with this conversion. Loss-of-function experiments identified fundamental roles for DPPA3, a master regulator of DNA methylation in oocytes3, and TPRX1, a eutherian totipotent cell homeobox (ETCHbox) family transcription factor that is absent in mice4. DPPA3 induces DNA demethylation throughout the 8CLC conversion process, whereas TPRX1 is a key executor of 8CLC gene networks. We further demonstrate that 8CLCs can produce embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in vitro or in vivo in the form of blastoids5 and complex teratomas. Our approach provides a resource to uncover the molecular process of early human embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Mazid
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Carl Ward
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yunpan Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqi Jia
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Fu
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueli Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - David P Ibañez
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjian Lai
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan An
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pengcheng Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Fei Gao
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Shahriar Zaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Baoming Qin
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell Fate, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Wenjuan Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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23
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Collier AJ, Bendall A, Fabian C, Malcolm AA, Tilgner K, Semprich CI, Wojdyla K, Nisi PS, Kishore K, Roamio Franklin VN, Mirshekar-Syahkal B, D’Santos C, Plath K, Yusa K, Rugg-Gunn PJ. Genome-wide screening identifies Polycomb repressive complex 1.3 as an essential regulator of human naïve pluripotent cell reprogramming. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabk0013. [PMID: 35333572 PMCID: PMC8956265 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering the mechanisms that establish naïve pluripotency in humans is crucial for the future applications of pluripotent stem cells including the production of human blastoids. However, the regulatory pathways that control the establishment of naïve pluripotency by reprogramming are largely unknown. Here, we use genome-wide screening to identify essential regulators as well as major impediments of human primed to naïve pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. We discover that factors essential for cell state change do not typically undergo changes at the level of gene expression but rather are repurposed with new functions. Mechanistically, we establish that the variant Polycomb complex PRC1.3 and PRDM14 jointly repress developmental and gene regulatory factors to ensure naïve cell reprogramming. In addition, small-molecule inhibitors of reprogramming impediments improve naïve cell reprogramming beyond current methods. Collectively, this work defines the principles controlling the establishment of human naïve pluripotency and also provides new insights into mechanisms that destabilize and reconfigure cell identity during cell state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Collier
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam Bendall
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrew A. Malcolm
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katarzyna Tilgner
- Stem Cell Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kamal Kishore
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Clive D’Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Stem Cell Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peter J. Rugg-Gunn
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Han L, Guo S, Wu S, Doud EH, Wang C, Chen H, Rubart-von der Lohe M, Wan J, Yang L. Genome-wide analyses reveal the detrimental impacts of SARS-CoV-2 viral gene Orf9c on human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:522-537. [PMID: 35180394 PMCID: PMC8851680 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commonly have manifestations of heart disease. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome encodes 27 proteins. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 gene-induced abnormalities of human heart muscle cells remain elusive. Here, we comprehensively characterized the detrimental effects of a SARS-CoV-2 gene, Orf9c, on human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) by preforming multi-omic analyses. Transcriptomic analyses of hPSC-CMs infected by SARS-CoV-2 with Orf9c overexpression (Orf9cOE) identified concordantly up-regulated genes enriched into stress-related apoptosis and inflammation signaling pathways, and down-regulated CM functional genes. Proteomic analysis revealed enhanced expressions of apoptotic factors, whereas reduced protein factors for ATP synthesis by Orf9cOE. Orf9cOE significantly reduced cellular ATP level, induced apoptosis, and caused electrical dysfunctions of hPSC-CMs. Finally, drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, namely, ivermectin and meclizine, restored ATP levels and ameliorated CM death and functional abnormalities of Orf9cOE hPSC-CMs. Overall, we defined the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental impacts of Orf9c on hPSC-CMs and explored potentially therapeutic approaches to ameliorate Orf9c-induced cardiac injury and abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Emma Helen Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hanying Chen
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael Rubart-von der Lohe
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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25
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Ngo TTT, Rossbach B, Sébastien I, Neubauer JC, Kurtz A, Hariharan K. Functional differentiation and scalable production of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells in a dynamic culture system. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13190. [PMID: 35102634 PMCID: PMC8891564 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a standardized protocol for large-scale production of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC). METHODS The hPSC were expanded and differentiated into PTEC on matrix-coated alginate beads in an automated levitating fluidic platform bioLevitator. Differentiation efficacy was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry, ultrastructure visualized by electron microscopy. Active reabsorption by PTEC was investigated by glucose, albumin, organic anions and cations uptake assays. Finally, the response to cisplatin-treatment was assessed to check the potential use of PTEC to model drug-induced nephrotoxicity. RESULTS hPSC expansion and PTEC differentiation could be performed directly on matrix-coated alginate beads in suspension bioreactors. Renal precursors arose 4 days post hPSC differentiation and PTEC after 8 days with 80% efficiency, with a 10-fold expansion from hPSC in 24 days. PTEC on beads, exhibited microvilli and clear apico-basal localization of markers. Functionality of PTECs was confirmed by uptake of glucose, albumin, organic anions and cations and expression of KIM-1 after Cisplatin treatment. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the efficient expansion of hPSC, controlled differentiation to renal progenitors and further specification to polarized tubular epithelial cells. This is the first report employing biolevitation and matrix-coated beads in a completely defined medium for the scalable and potentially automatable production of functional human PTEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Thi Thanh Ngo
- BIH Center for Regenerative TherapiesCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Bella Rossbach
- BIH Center for Regenerative TherapiesCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT)BerlinGermany
| | - Isabelle Sébastien
- Project Centre for Stem Cell Process EngineeringFraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT)WürzburgGermany
| | - Julia C. Neubauer
- Project Centre for Stem Cell Process EngineeringFraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT)WürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- BIH Center for Regenerative TherapiesCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT)BerlinGermany
| | - Krithika Hariharan
- BIH Center for Regenerative TherapiesCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Project Centre for Stem Cell Process EngineeringFraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT)WürzburgGermany
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26
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Huang S, Huang F, Zhang H, Yang Y, Lu J, Chen J, Shen L, Pei G. In vivo development and single-cell transcriptome profiling of human brain organoids. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13201. [PMID: 35141969 PMCID: PMC8891563 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human brain organoids can provide not only promising models for physiological and pathological neurogenesis but also potential therapies in neurological diseases. However, technical issues such as surgical lesions due to transplantation still limit their applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Instead of applying mature organoids, we innovatively developed human brain organoids in vivo by injecting small premature organoids into corpus striatum of adult SCID mice. Two months after injection, single-cell transcriptome analysis was performed on 6131 GFP-labeled human cells from transplanted mouse brains. RESULTS Eight subsets of cells (including neuronal cells expressing striatal markers) were identified in these in vivo developed organoids (IVD-organoids) by unbiased clustering. Compared with in vitro cultured human cortical organoids, we found that IVD-organoids developed more supporting cells including pericyte-like and choroid plexus cells, which are important for maintaining organoid homeostasis. Furthermore, IVD-organoids showed lower levels of cellular stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study thus provides a novel method to generate human brain organoids, which is promising in various applications of disease models and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huiying Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jiadong Chen
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyCenter for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated HospitalMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain‐Machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Li Shen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Orthopedics SurgerySchool of MedicineThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang University (HIC‐ZJU)HangzhouChina
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchLaboratory of Receptor‐based BiomedicineThe Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Chakraborty AR, Vassilev A, Jaiswal SK, O'Connell CE, Ahrens JF, Mallon BS, Pera MF, DePamphilis ML. Selective elimination of pluripotent stem cells by PIKfyve specific inhibitors. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:397-412. [PMID: 35063131 PMCID: PMC8828683 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of PIKfyve phosphoinositide kinase selectively kills autophagy-dependent cancer cells by disrupting lysosome homeostasis. Here, we show that PIKfyve inhibitors can also selectively eliminate pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs), embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells under conditions where differentiated cells remain viable. PIKfyve inhibitors prevented lysosome fission, induced autophagosome accumulation, and reduced cell proliferation in both pluripotent and differentiated cells, but they induced death only in pluripotent cells. The ability of PIKfyve inhibitors to distinguish between pluripotent and differentiated cells was confirmed with xenografts derived from ECCs. Pretreatment of ECCs with the PIKfyve specific inhibitor WX8 suppressed their ability to form teratocarcinomas in mice, and intraperitoneal injections of WX8 into mice harboring teratocarcinoma xenografts selectively eliminated pluripotent cells. Differentiated cells continued to proliferate, but at a reduced rate. These results provide a proof of principle that PIKfyve specific inhibitors can selectively eliminate pluripotent stem cells in vivo as well as in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup R Chakraborty
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA
| | - Alex Vassilev
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA
| | - Sushil K Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA
| | - Constandina E O'Connell
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA
| | - John F Ahrens
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA
| | - Barbara S Mallon
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA.
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28
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Obara K, Shirai K, Hamada Y, Arakawa N, Yamane M, Takaoka N, Aki R, Hoffman RM, Amoh Y. Chronic spinal cord injury functionally repaired by direct implantation of encapsulated hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells in a mouse model: Potential for clinical regenerative medicine. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262755. [PMID: 35085322 PMCID: PMC8794105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly debilitating and recalcitrant disease with limited treatment options. Although various stem cell types have shown some clinical efficacy for injury repair they have not for SCI. Hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells have been shown to differentiate into neurons, Schwan cells, beating cardiomyocytes and many other type of cells, and have effectively regenerated acute spinal cord injury in mouse models. In the present report, HAP stem cells from C57BL/6J mice, encapsulated in polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (PFM), were implanted into the severed thoracic spinal cord of C57BL/6J or athymic nude mice in the early chronic phase. After implantation, HAP stem cells differentiated to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the regenerated thoracic spinal cord of C57BL/6J and nude mice. Quantitative motor function analysis, with the Basso Mouse Scale for Locomotion (BMS) score, demonstrated a significant functional improvement in the HAP-stem-cell-implanted mice, compared to non-implanted mice. HAP stem cells have critical advantages over other stem cells: they do not develop teratomas; do not loose differentiation ability when cryopreserved and thus are bankable; are autologous, readily obtained from anyone; and do not require genetic manipulation. HAP stem cells therefore have greater clinical potential for SCI repair than induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), neuronal stem cells (NSCs)/neural progenitor cells (NPCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The present report demonstrates future clinical potential of HAP-stem-cell repair of chronic spinal cord injury, currently a recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Obara
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoumi Shirai
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuko Arakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiko Yamane
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nanako Takaoka
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Aki
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YA); (RMH)
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (YA); (RMH)
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29
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Zyner KG, Simeone A, Flynn SM, Doyle C, Marsico G, Adhikari S, Portella G, Tannahill D, Balasubramanian S. G-quadruplex DNA structures in human stem cells and differentiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:142. [PMID: 35013231 PMCID: PMC8748810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of cell identity during embryonic development involves the activation of specific gene expression programmes and is underpinned by epigenetic factors including DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications. G-quadruplexes are four-stranded DNA secondary structures (G4s) that have been implicated in transcriptional regulation and cancer. Here, we show that G4s are key genomic structural features linked to cellular differentiation. We find that G4s are highly abundant in human embryonic stem cells and are lost during lineage specification. G4s are prevalent in enhancers and promoters. G4s that are found in common between embryonic and downstream lineages are tightly linked to transcriptional stabilisation of genes involved in essential cellular functions as well as transitions in the histone post-translational modification landscape. Furthermore, the application of small molecules that stabilise G4s causes a delay in stem cell differentiation, keeping cells in a more pluripotent-like state. Collectively, our data highlight G4s as important epigenetic features that are coupled to stem cell pluripotency and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Zyner
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Angela Simeone
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sean M Flynn
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Colm Doyle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Giovanni Marsico
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Santosh Adhikari
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Guillem Portella
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David Tannahill
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK.
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30
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Abstract
The absence of in vitro platforms for human pulmonary toxicology studies is becoming an increasingly serious concern. The respiratory system has a dynamic mechanical structure that extends from the airways to the alveolar region. In addition, the epithelial, endothelial, stromal, and immune cells are highly organized in each region and interact with each other to function synergistically. These cells of varied lineage, particularly epithelial cells, have been difficult to use for long-term culture in vitro, thus limiting the development of useful experimental tools. This limitation has set a large distance between the bench and the bedside for analyzing the pathogenic mechanisms, the efficacy of candidate therapeutic agents, and the toxicity of compounds. Several researchers have proposed solutions to these problems by reporting on methods for generating human lung epithelial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Moreover, the use of organoid culture, organ-on-a-chip, and material-based techniques have enabled the maintenance of functional PSC-derived lung epithelial cells as well as primary cells. The aforementioned technological advances have facilitated the in vitro recapitulation of genetic lung diseases and the detection of ameliorating or worsening effects of genetic and chemical interventions, thus indicating the future possibility of more sophisticated preclinical compound assessments in vitro. In this review, we will update the recent advances in lung cell culture methods, principally focusing on human PSC-derived lung epithelial organoid culture systems with the hope of their future application in toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masui
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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31
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Chen L, Hassani Nia F, Stauber T. Ion Channels and Transporters in Muscle Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13615. [PMID: 34948411 PMCID: PMC8703453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on ion channels in muscle tissues have mainly focused on physiological muscle function and related disorders, but emerging evidence supports a critical role of ion channels and transporters in developmental processes, such as controlling the myogenic commitment of stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of ion channels and transporters that influence skeletal muscle myoblast differentiation, cardiac differentiation from pluripotent stem cells, as well as vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. We highlight examples of model organisms or patients with mutations in ion channels. Furthermore, a potential underlying molecular mechanism involving hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and a series of calcium signaling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Chen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fatemeh Hassani Nia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
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32
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Manstein F, Ullmann K, Triebert W, Zweigerdt R. Process control and in silico modeling strategies for enabling high density culture of human pluripotent stem cells in stirred tank bioreactors. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100988. [PMID: 34917976 PMCID: PMC8666714 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The routine therapeutic and industrial applications of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) require their constant mass supply by robust, efficient, and economically viable bioprocesses. Our protocol describes the fully controlled expansion of hPSCs in stirred tank bioreactors (STBRs) enabling cell densities of 35 × 106 cells/mL while reducing culture medium consumption by 75%. This is achieved by in silico process modeling and computable upscaling. We provide a detailed blueprint for systematic process development of hPSCs and their progenies. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Manstein et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Manstein
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Corresponding author
| | - Kevin Ullmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Triebert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Corresponding author
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33
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Xu H, Kita Y, Bang U, Gee P, Hotta A. Optimized electroporation of CRISPR-Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein complex for selection-free homologous recombination in human pluripotent stem cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100965. [PMID: 34825222 PMCID: PMC8605105 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection-free, scarless genome editing in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) by utilizing ribonucleoprotein (RNP) of CRISPR-Cas9 is a useful tool for a variety of applications. However, the process can be hampered by time-consuming subcloning steps and inefficient delivery of the RNP complex and ssDNA template. Here, we describe the optimized protocol to introduce a single nucleotide change or a loxP site insertion in feeder-free, xeno-free iPSCs by utilizing MaxCyte and 4D-Nucleofector electroporators. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kagita et al. (2021) and Xu et al. (2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaigeng Xu
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yuto Kita
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Uikyu Bang
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Abstract
During the development of a multicellular organism, the specification of different cell lineages originates in a small group of pluripotent cells, the epiblasts, formed in the preimplantation embryo. The pluripotent epiblast is protected from premature differentiation until exposure to inductive cues in strictly controlled spatially and temporally organized patterns guiding fetus formation. Epiblasts cultured in vitro are embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which recapitulate the self-renewal and lineage specification properties of their endogenous counterparts. The characteristics of totipotency, although less understood than pluripotency, are becoming clearer. Recent studies have shown that a minor ESC subpopulation exhibits expanded developmental potential beyond pluripotency, displaying a characteristic reminiscent of two-cell embryo blastomeres (2CLCs). In addition, reprogramming both mouse and human ESCs in defined media can produce expanded/extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs) similar to but different from 2CLCs. Further, the molecular roadmaps driving the transition of various potency states have been clarified. These recent key findings will allow us to understand eutherian mammalian development by comparing the underlying differences between potency network components during development. Using the mouse as a paradigm and recent progress in human PSCs, we review the epiblast's identity acquisition during embryogenesis and their ESC counterparts regarding their pluripotent fates and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Yeh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (W.-H.H.)
| | - Wei-Han Huang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (W.-H.H.)
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (W.-H.H.)
- Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.C.); (Y.-J.J.M.)
| | - Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir
- Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.C.); (Y.-J.J.M.)
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35
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Abstract
During embryogenesis, organisms acquire their shape given boundary conditions that impose geometrical, mechanical and biochemical constraints. A detailed integrative understanding how these morphogenetic information modules pattern and shape the mammalian embryo is still lacking, mostly owing to the inaccessibility of the embryo in vivo for direct observation and manipulation. These impediments are circumvented by the developmental engineering of embryo-like structures (stembryos) from pluripotent stem cells that are easy to access, track, manipulate and scale. Here, we explain how unlocking distinct levels of embryo-like architecture through controlled modulations of the cellular environment enables the identification of minimal sets of mechanical and biochemical inputs necessary to pattern and shape the mammalian embryo. We detail how this can be complemented with precise measurements and manipulations of tissue biochemistry, mechanics and geometry across spatial and temporal scales to provide insights into the mechanochemical feedback loops governing embryo morphogenesis. Finally, we discuss how, even in the absence of active manipulations, stembryos display intrinsic phenotypic variability that can be leveraged to define the constraints that ensure reproducible morphogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse V. Veenvliet
- Stembryogenesis Lab, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pierre-François Lenne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - David A. Turner
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Iftach Nachman
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vikas Trivedi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratories (EMBL), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- EMBL Heidelberg, Developmental Biology Unit, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Kusena JWT, Shariatzadeh M, Thomas RJ, Wilson SL. Understanding cell culture dynamics: a tool for defining protocol parameters for improved processes and efficient manufacturing using human embryonic stem cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:979-996. [PMID: 33757391 PMCID: PMC8806349 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1902696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardization is crucial when culturing cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) which are valuable for therapy development and disease modeling. Inherent issues regarding reproducibility of protocols are problematic as they hinder translation to good manufacturing practice (GMP), thus reducing clinical efficacy and uptake. Pluripotent cultures require standardization to ensure that input material is consistent prior to differentiation, as inconsistency of input cells creates end-product variation. To improve protocols, developers first must understand the cells they are working with and their related culture dynamics. This innovative work highlights key conditions required for optimized and cost-effective bioprocesses compared to generic protocols typically implemented. This entailed investigating conditions affecting growth, metabolism, and phenotype dynamics to ensure cell quality is appropriate for use. Results revealed critical process parameters (CPPs) including feeding regime and seeding density impact critical quality attributes (CQAs) including specific metabolic rate (SMR) and specific growth rate (SGR). This implied that process understanding, and control is essential to maintain key cell characteristics, reduce process variation and retain CQAs. Examination of cell dynamics and CPPs permitted the formation of a defined protocol for culturing H9 hESCs. The authors recommend that H9 seeding densities of 20,000 cells/cm2, four-day cultures or three-day cultures following a recovery passage from cryopreservation and 100% medium exchange after 48 hours are optimal. These parameters gave ~SGR of 0.018 hour-1 ± 1.5x10-3 over three days and cell viabilities ≥95%±0.4, while producing cells which highly expressed pluripotent and proliferation markers, Oct3/4 (>99% positive) and Ki-67 (>99% positive).
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Affiliation(s)
- J W T Kusena
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - M Shariatzadeh
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - R J Thomas
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - S L Wilson
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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37
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Jaensch ES, Zhu J, Cochrane JC, Marr SK, Oei TA, Damle M, McCaslin EZ, Kingston RE. A Polycomb domain found in committed cells impairs differentiation when introduced into PRC1 in pluripotent cells. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4677-4691.e8. [PMID: 34637753 PMCID: PMC8966356 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The CBX family of proteins is central to proper mammalian development via key roles in Polycomb-mediated maintenance of repression. CBX proteins in differentiated lineages have chromatin compaction and phase separation activities that might contribute to maintaining repressed chromatin. The predominant CBX protein in pluripotent cells, CBX7, lacks the domain required for these activities. We inserted this functional domain into CBX7 in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to test the hypothesis that it contributes a key epigenetic function. ESCs expressing this chimeric CBX7 were impaired in their ability to properly form embryoid bodies and neural progenitor cells and showed reduced activation of lineage-specific genes across differentiation. Neural progenitors exhibited a corresponding inappropriate maintenance of Polycomb binding at neural-specific loci over the course of differentiation. We propose that a switch in the ability to compact and phase separate is a central aspect of Polycomb group function during the transition from pluripotency to differentiated lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Jaensch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jesse C Cochrane
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sharon K Marr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Theresa A Oei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Manashree Damle
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ethan Z McCaslin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert E Kingston
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Sabatier P, Beusch CM, Saei AA, Aoun M, Moruzzi N, Coelho A, Leijten N, Nordenskjöld M, Micke P, Maltseva D, Tonevitsky AG, Millischer V, Carlos Villaescusa J, Kadekar S, Gaetani M, Altynbekova K, Kel A, Berggren PO, Simonson O, Grinnemo KH, Holmdahl R, Rodin S, Zubarev RA. An integrative proteomics method identifies a regulator of translation during stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6558. [PMID: 34772928 PMCID: PMC8590018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed characterization of cell type transitions is essential for cell biology in general and particularly for the development of stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. To systematically study such transitions, we introduce a method that simultaneously measures protein expression and thermal stability changes in cells and provide the web-based visualization tool ProteoTracker. We apply our method to study differences between human pluripotent stem cells and several cell types including their parental cell line and differentiated progeny. We detect alterations of protein properties in numerous cellular pathways and components including ribosome biogenesis and demonstrate that modulation of ribosome maturation through SBDS protein can be helpful for manipulating cell stemness in vitro. Using our integrative proteomics approach and the web-based tool, we uncover a molecular basis for the uncoupling of robust transcription from parsimonious translation in stem cells and propose a method for maintaining pluripotency in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sabatier
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Christian M Beusch
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Amir A Saei
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mike Aoun
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Noah Moruzzi
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Ana Coelho
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Niels Leijten
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Diana Maltseva
- Faculty of biology and biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya Street, 13/4, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander G Tonevitsky
- Faculty of biology and biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya Street, 13/4, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Scientific Research Center Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya str. 2/85, Moscow, 115088, Russia
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Translational Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - J Carlos Villaescusa
- Neurogenetic Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Stem Cell R&D-TRU, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Sandeep Kadekar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 37, Sweden
| | - Massimiliano Gaetani
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Stockholm, 17 177, Sweden
| | | | - Alexander Kel
- geneXplain GmbH, Am Exer 19B, 38302, Wolfenbuettel, Germany
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Oscar Simonson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 37, Sweden
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 37, Sweden
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 37, Sweden.
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden.
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
- Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia.
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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Jiang Z, Generoso SF, Badia M, Payer B, Carey LB. A conserved expression signature predicts growth rate and reveals cell & lineage-specific differences. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009582. [PMID: 34762642 PMCID: PMC8610284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isogenic cells cultured together show heterogeneity in their proliferation rate. To determine the differences between fast and slow-proliferating cells, we developed a method to sort cells by proliferation rate, and performed RNA-seq on slow and fast proliferating subpopulations of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and mouse fibroblasts. We found that slowly proliferating mESCs have a more naïve pluripotent character. We identified an evolutionarily conserved proliferation-correlated transcriptomic signature that is common to all eukaryotes: fast cells have higher expression of genes for protein synthesis and protein degradation. This signature accurately predicted growth rate in yeast and cancer cells, and identified lineage-specific proliferation dynamics during development, using C. elegans scRNA-seq data. In contrast, sorting by mitochondria membrane potential revealed a highly cell-type specific mitochondria-state related transcriptome. mESCs with hyperpolarized mitochondria are fast proliferating, while the opposite is true for fibroblasts. The mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitor antimycin affected slow and fast subpopulations differently. While a major transcriptional-signature associated with cell-to-cell heterogeneity in proliferation is conserved, the metabolic and energetic dependency of cell proliferation is cell-type specific. By performing RNA sequencing on cells sorted by their proliferation rate, this study identifies a gene expression signature capable of predicting proliferation rates in diverse eukaryotic cell types and species. This signature, applied to single-cell RNA sequencing data from embryos of the roundworm C. elegans, reveals lineage-specific proliferation differences during development. In contrast to the universality of the proliferation signature, mitochondria and metabolism related genes show a high degree of cell-type specificity; mouse pluripotent stem cells (mESCs) and differentiated cells (fibroblasts) exhibit opposite relations between mitochondria state and proliferation. Furthermore, we identified a slow proliferating subpopulation of mESCs with higher expression of pluripotency genes. Finally, we show that fast and slow proliferating subpopulations are differentially sensitive to mitochondria inhibitory drugs in different cell types. Highlights:
A FACS-based method to determine the transcriptomes of fast and slow proliferating subpopulations. A universal proliferation-correlated transcriptional signature indicates high protein synthesis and degradation in fast proliferating cells across cell types and species. Applied to scRNA-seq, the expression signature predicts the global proliferation slowdown during C. elegans development. Mitochondria membrane potential predicts proliferation rate in a cell-type specific manner, with ETC complex III inhibitor having distinct effects on fibroblasts vs mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Jiang
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Serena F. Generoso
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Badia
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Payer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (BP); (LBC)
| | - Lucas B. Carey
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (BP); (LBC)
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Oosterveen T, Garção P, Moles-Garcia E, Soleilhavoup C, Travaglio M, Sheraz S, Peltrini R, Patrick K, Labas V, Combes-Soia L, Marklund U, Hohenstein P, Panman L. Pluripotent stem cell derived dopaminergic subpopulations model the selective neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2718-2735. [PMID: 34678205 PMCID: PMC8581055 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson’s disease (PD), substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DA) neurons degenerate, while related ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons remain relatively unaffected. Here, we present a methodology that directs the differentiation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells toward either SN- or VTA-like DA lineage and models their distinct vulnerabilities. We show that the level of WNT activity is critical for the induction of the SN- and VTA-lineage transcription factors Sox6 and Otx2, respectively. Both WNT signaling modulation and forced expression of these transcription factors can drive DA neurons toward the SN- or VTA-like fate. Importantly, the SN-like lineage enriched DA cultures recapitulate the selective sensitivity to mitochondrial toxins as observed in PD, while VTA-like neuron-enriched cultures are more resistant. Furthermore, a proteomics approach led to the identification of compounds that alter SN neuronal survival, demonstrating the utility of our strategy for disease modeling and drug discovery. Derivation of distinct dopaminergic subpopulations from pluripotent stem cells Wnt signaling inhibitors promote SN dopaminergic neuron specification Modeling selective vulnerability of SN dopaminergic neurons in vitro Proteomics reveals pathways that promote SN dopaminergic neuron survival
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Oosterveen
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Pedro Garção
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Emma Moles-Garcia
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Clement Soleilhavoup
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Marco Travaglio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Shahida Sheraz
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosa Peltrini
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Kieran Patrick
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Valerie Labas
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, University of Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Ulrika Marklund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lia Panman
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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Bomer N, Pavez-Giani MG, Deiman FE, Linders AN, Hoes MF, Baierl CL, Oberdorf-Maass SU, de Boer RA, Silljé HH, Berezikov E, Simonides WS, Westenbrink BD, van der Meer P. Selenoprotein DIO2 Is a Regulator of Mitochondrial Function, Morphology and UPRmt in Human Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11906. [PMID: 34769334 PMCID: PMC8584701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the fetal-gene-program may act as regulatory components to impede deleterious events occurring with cardiac remodeling, and constitute potential novel therapeutic heart failure (HF) targets. Mitochondrial energy derangements occur both during early fetal development and in patients with HF. Here we aim to elucidate the role of DIO2, a member of the fetal-gene-program, in pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived human cardiomyocytes and on mitochondrial dynamics and energetics, specifically. RNA sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis was performed on mouse cardiac tissue at different time points during development, adult age, and ischemia-induced HF. To determine the function of DIO2 in cardiomyocytes, a stable human hPSC-line with a DIO2 knockdown was made using a short harpin sequence. Firstly, we showed the selenoprotein, type II deiodinase (DIO2): the enzyme responsible for the tissue-specific conversion of inactive (T4) into active thyroid hormone (T3), to be a member of the fetal-gene-program. Secondly, silencing DIO2 resulted in an increased reactive oxygen species, impaired activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, severely impaired mitochondrial respiration and reduced cellular viability. Microscopical 3D reconstruction of the mitochondrial network displayed substantial mitochondrial fragmentation. Summarizing, we identified DIO2 to be a member of the fetal-gene-program and as a key regulator of mitochondrial performance in human cardiomyocytes. Our results suggest a key position of human DIO2 as a regulator of mitochondrial function in human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Mario G. Pavez-Giani
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Frederik E. Deiman
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Annet N. Linders
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Martijn F. Hoes
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Christiane L.J. Baierl
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Silke U. Oberdorf-Maass
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Herman H.W. Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Warner S. Simonides
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Unversiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.P.-G.); (F.E.D.); (A.N.L.); (M.F.H.); (C.L.J.B.); (S.U.O.-M.); (R.A.d.B.); (H.H.W.S.); (B.D.W.); (P.v.d.M.)
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Yan L, Moriarty RA, Stroka KM. Recent progress and new challenges in modeling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier. Theranostics 2021; 11:10148-10170. [PMID: 34815809 PMCID: PMC8581424 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable unit that serves to vascularize the central nervous system (CNS) while tightly regulating the movement of molecules, ions, and cells between the blood and the brain. The BBB precisely controls brain homeostasis and protects the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens. The BBB is coordinated by a tight monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells, which is subsequently supported by mural cells, astrocytes, and surrounding neuronal cells that regulate the barrier function with a series of specialized properties. Dysfunction of barrier properties is an important pathological feature in the progression of various neurological diseases. In vitro BBB models recapitulating the physiological and diseased states are important tools to understand the pathological mechanism and to serve as a platform to screen potential drugs. Recent advances in this field have stemmed from the use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Various cell types of the BBB such as brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), pericytes, and astrocytes have been derived from PSCs and synergistically incorporated to model the complex BBB structure in vitro. In this review, we summarize the most recent protocols and techniques for the differentiation of major cell types of the BBB. We also discuss the progress of BBB modeling by using PSC-derived cells and perspectives on how to reproduce more natural BBBs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Moriarty
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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43
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Bakhmet EI, Tomilin AN. Key features of the POU transcription factor Oct4 from an evolutionary perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7339-7353. [PMID: 34698883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oct4, a class V POU-domain protein that is encoded by the Pou5f1 gene, is thought to be a key transcription factor in the early development of mammals. This transcription factor plays indispensable roles in pluripotent stem cells as well as in the acquisition of pluripotency during somatic cell reprogramming. Oct4 has also been shown to play a role as a pioneer transcription factor during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) from zebrafish to human. However, during the past decade, several studies have brought these conclusions into question. It was clearly shown that the first steps in mouse development are not affected by the loss of Oct4. Subsequently, the role of Oct4 as a genome activator was brought into doubt. It was also found that the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could proceed without Oct4. In this review, we summarize recent findings, reassess the role of Oct4 in reprogramming and ZGA, and point to structural features that may underlie this role. We speculate that pluripotent stem cells resemble neural stem cells more closely than previously thought. Oct4 orthologs within the POUV class hold key roles in genome activation during early development of species with late ZGA. However, in Placentalia, eutherian-specific proteins such as Dux overtake Oct4 in ZGA and endow them with the formation of an evolutionary new tissue-the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny I Bakhmet
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alexey N Tomilin
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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44
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Abu-Bonsrah KD, Newgreen DF, Dottori M. Development of Functional Thyroid C Cell-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Cells in 2D and in 3D Scaffolds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112897. [PMID: 34831120 PMCID: PMC8616516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma contributes to about 3–4% of thyroid cancers and affects C cells rather than follicular cells. Thyroid C cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells has not been reported. We report the stepwise differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into thyroid C cell-like cells through definitive endoderm and anterior foregut endoderm and ultimobranchial body-like intermediates in monolayer and 3D Matrigel culture conditions. The protocol involved sequential treatment with interferon/transferrin/selenium/pyruvate, foetal bovine serum, and activin A, then IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1), on the basis of embryonic thyroid developmental sequence. As well as expressing C cell lineage relative to follicular-lineage markers by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and immunolabelling, these cells by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) exhibited functional properties in vitro of calcitonin storage and release of calcitonin on calcium challenge. This method will contribute to developmental studies of the human thyroid gland and facilitate in vitro modelling of medullary thyroid carcinoma and provide a valuable platform for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Donald F. Newgreen
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
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Abstract
Remarkably, the p53 transcription factor, referred to as “the guardian of the genome”, is not essential for mammalian development. Moreover, efforts to identify p53-dependent developmental events have produced contradictory conclusions. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of mammalian development, and their applications in regenerative medicine and disease, resolving these conflicts is essential. Here we attempt to reconcile disparate data into justifiable conclusions predicated on reports that p53-dependent transcription is first detected in late mouse blastocysts, that p53 activity first becomes potentially lethal during gastrulation, and that apoptosis does not depend on p53. Furthermore, p53 does not regulate expression of genes required for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs); it contributes to ESC genomic stability and differentiation. Depending on conditions, p53 accelerates initiation of apoptosis in ESCs in response to DNA damage, but cell cycle arrest as well as the rate and extent of apoptosis in ESCs are p53-independent. In embryonic fibroblasts, p53 induces cell cycle arrest to allow repair of DNA damage, and cell senescence to prevent proliferation of cells with extensive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K. Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sonam Raj
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Melvin L. DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence:
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46
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Labouesse C, Tan BX, Agley CC, Hofer M, Winkel AK, Stirparo GG, Stuart HT, Verstreken CM, Mulas C, Mansfield W, Bertone P, Franze K, Silva JCR, Chalut KJ. StemBond hydrogels control the mechanical microenvironment for pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6132. [PMID: 34675200 PMCID: PMC8531294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of mechanical signalling are typically performed by comparing cells cultured on soft and stiff hydrogel-based substrates. However, it is challenging to independently and robustly control both substrate stiffness and extracellular matrix tethering to substrates, making matrix tethering a potentially confounding variable in mechanical signalling investigations. Moreover, unstable matrix tethering can lead to poor cell attachment and weak engagement of cell adhesions. To address this, we developed StemBond hydrogels, a hydrogel in which matrix tethering is robust and can be varied independently of stiffness. We validate StemBond hydrogels by showing that they provide an optimal system for culturing mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. We further show how soft StemBond hydrogels modulate stem cell function, partly through stiffness-sensitive ERK signalling. Our findings underline how substrate mechanics impact mechanosensitive signalling pathways regulating self-renewal and differentiation, indicating that optimising the complete mechanical microenvironment will offer greater control over stem cell fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Labouesse
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Bao Xiu Tan
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Chibeza C Agley
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Moritz Hofer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alexander K Winkel
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Giuliano G Stirparo
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Hannah T Stuart
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Christophe M Verstreken
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Carla Mulas
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - William Mansfield
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul Bertone
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, IR, USA
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - José C R Silva
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, 510005, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK.
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Świerczek-Lasek B, Dudka D, Bauer D, Czajkowski T, Ilach K, Streminska W, Kominek A, Piwocka K, Ciemerych MA, Archacka K. Comparison of Differentiation Pattern and WNT/SHH Signaling in Pluripotent Stem Cells Cultured under Different Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102743. [PMID: 34685722 PMCID: PMC8534321 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are characterized by the ability to self-renew as well as undergo multidirectional differentiation. Culture conditions have a pivotal influence on differentiation pattern. In the current study, we compared the fate of mouse PSCs using two culture media: (1) chemically defined, free of animal reagents, and (2) standard one relying on the serum supplementation. Moreover, we assessed the influence of selected regulators (WNTs, SHH) on PSC differentiation. We showed that the differentiation pattern of PSCs cultured in both systems differed significantly: cells cultured in chemically defined medium preferentially underwent ectodermal conversion while their endo- and mesodermal differentiation was limited, contrary to cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium. More efficient ectodermal differentiation of PSCs cultured in chemically defined medium correlated with higher activity of SHH pathway while endodermal and mesodermal conversion of cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium with higher activity of WNT/JNK pathway. However, inhibition of either canonical or noncanonical WNT pathway resulted in the limitation of endo- and mesodermal conversion of PSCs. In addition, blocking WNT secretion led to the inhibition of PSC mesodermal differentiation, confirming the pivotal role of WNT signaling in this process. In contrast, SHH turned out to be an inducer of PSC ectodermal, not mesodermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Świerczek-Lasek
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Ś.-L.); (D.D.); (D.B.); (T.C.); (K.I.); (W.S.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Damian Dudka
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Ś.-L.); (D.D.); (D.B.); (T.C.); (K.I.); (W.S.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Damian Bauer
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Ś.-L.); (D.D.); (D.B.); (T.C.); (K.I.); (W.S.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Tomasz Czajkowski
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Ś.-L.); (D.D.); (D.B.); (T.C.); (K.I.); (W.S.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Ilach
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Ś.-L.); (D.D.); (D.B.); (T.C.); (K.I.); (W.S.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Władysława Streminska
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Ś.-L.); (D.D.); (D.B.); (T.C.); (K.I.); (W.S.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Agata Kominek
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Maria A. Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Ś.-L.); (D.D.); (D.B.); (T.C.); (K.I.); (W.S.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Karolina Archacka
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Ś.-L.); (D.D.); (D.B.); (T.C.); (K.I.); (W.S.); (M.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-55-42-203
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48
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Li D, Taylor DH, van Wolfswinkel JC. PIWI-mediated control of tissue-specific transposons is essential for somatic cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109776. [PMID: 34610311 PMCID: PMC8532177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI proteins are known as mediators of transposon silencing in animal germlines but are also found in adult pluripotent stem cells of highly regenerative animals, where they are essential for regeneration. Study of the nuclear PIWI protein SMEDWI-2 in the planarian somatic stem cell system reveals an intricate interplay between transposons and cell differentiation in which a subset of transposons is inevitably activated during cell differentiation, and the PIWI protein is required to regain control. Absence of SMEDWI-2 leads to tissue-specific transposon derepression related to cell-type-specific chromatin remodeling events and in addition causes reduced accessibility of lineage-specific genes and defective cell differentiation, resulting in fatal tissue dysfunction. Finally, we show that additional PIWI proteins provide a stem-cell-specific second layer of protection in planarian neoblasts. These findings reveal a far-reaching role of PIWI proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in stem cell biology and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Li
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - David H Taylor
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Josien C van Wolfswinkel
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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49
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Sozen B, Jorgensen V, Weatherbee BAT, Chen S, Zhu M, Zernicka-Goetz M. Reconstructing aspects of human embryogenesis with pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5550. [PMID: 34548496 PMCID: PMC8455697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding human development is of fundamental biological and clinical importance. Despite its significance, mechanisms behind human embryogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we attempt to model human early embryo development with expanded pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs) in 3-dimensions. We define a protocol that allows us to generate self-organizing cystic structures from human EPSCs that display some hallmarks of human early embryogenesis. These structures mimic polarization and cavitation characteristic of pre-implantation development leading to blastocyst morphology formation and the transition to post-implantation-like organization upon extended culture. Single-cell RNA sequencing of these structures reveals subsets of cells bearing some resemblance to epiblast, hypoblast and trophectoderm lineages. Nevertheless, significant divergences from natural blastocysts persist in some key markers, and signalling pathways point towards ways in which morphology and transcriptional-level cell identities may diverge in stem cell models of the embryo. Thus, this stem cell platform provides insights into the design of stem cell models of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Sozen
- Plasticity and Self-Organization Group, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Victoria Jorgensen
- Plasticity and Self-Organization Group, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Bailey A T Weatherbee
- Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Sisi Chen
- Plasticity and Self-Organization Group, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Meng Zhu
- Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Plasticity and Self-Organization Group, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
- Mammalian Development and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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50
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Hornbachner R, Lackner A, Papuchova H, Haider S, Knöfler M, Mechtler K, Latos PA. MSX2 safeguards syncytiotrophoblast fate of human trophoblast stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105130118. [PMID: 34507999 PMCID: PMC8449346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105130118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple placental pathologies are associated with failures in trophoblast differentiation, yet the underlying transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. Here, we discovered msh homeobox 2 (MSX2) as a key transcriptional regulator of trophoblast identity using the human trophoblast stem cell model. Depletion of MSX2 resulted in activation of the syncytiotrophoblast transcriptional program, while forced expression of MSX2 blocked it. We demonstrated that a large proportion of the affected genes were directly bound and regulated by MSX2 and identified components of the SWItch/Sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex as strong MSX2 interactors and target gene cobinders. MSX2 cooperated specifically with the SWI/SNF canonical BAF (cBAF) subcomplex and cooccupied, together with H3K27ac, a number of differentiation genes. Increased H3K27ac and cBAF occupancy upon MSX2 depletion imply that MSX2 prevents premature syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. Our findings established MSX2 as a repressor of the syncytiotrophoblast lineage and demonstrated its pivotal role in cell fate decisions that govern human placental development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hornbachner
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Lackner
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henrieta Papuchova
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Haider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Protein Chemistry Facility, Institute of Molecular Pathology, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina A Latos
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
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