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Ballester-Servera C, Cañes L, Alonso J, Puertas-Umbert L, Vázquez-Sufuentes P, Taurón M, Roselló-Díez E, Marín F, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J. Upregulation of NOR-1 in calcified human vascular tissues: impact on osteogenic differentiation and calcification. Transl Res 2024; 264:1-14. [PMID: 37690706 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is a significant public health issue whose pathophysiology is not fully understood. NOR-1 regulates critical processes in cardiovascular remodeling, but its contribution to ectopic calcification is unknown. NOR-1 was overexpressed in human calcific aortic valves and calcified atherosclerotic lesions colocalizing with RUNX2, a factor essential for osteochondrogenic differentiation and calcification. NOR-1 and osteogenic markers were upregulated in calcifying human valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Gain- and loss-of-function approaches demonstrated that NOR-1 negatively modulates the expression of osteogenic genes relevant for the osteogenic transdifferentiation (RUNX2, IL-6, BMP2, and ALPL) and calcification of VICs. VSMCs from transgenic mice overexpressing NOR-1 in these cells (TgNOR-1VSMC) expressed lower basal levels of osteogenic genes (IL-6, BMP2, ALPL, OPN) than cells from WT littermates, and their upregulation by a high-phosphate osteogenic medium (OM) was completely prevented by NOR-1 transgenesis. Consistently, this was associated with a dramatic reduction in the calcification of both transgenic VSMCs and aortic rings from TgNOR-1VSMC mice exposed to OM. Atherosclerosis and calcification were induce in mice by the administration of AAV-PCSK9D374Y and a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Challenged-TgNOR-1VSMC mice exhibited decreased vascular expression of osteogenic markers, and both less atherosclerotic burden (assessed in whole aorta and lesion size in aortic arch and brachiocephalic artery) and less vascular calcification (assessed either by near-infrared fluorescence imaging or histological analysis) than WT mice. Our data indicate that NOR-1 negatively modulates the expression of genes critically involved in the osteogenic differentiation of VICs and VSMCs, thereby restraining ectopic cardiovascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Ballester-Servera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Cañes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Puertas-Umbert
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IRHSCSP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Vázquez-Sufuentes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Taurón
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Cirugía Cardíaca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (HSCSP-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Roselló-Díez
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Cirugía Cardíaca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (HSCSP-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Marín
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca-Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IRHSCSP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.
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Coccarelli A, Pant S, Polydoros I, Harraz OF. A new model for evaluating pressure-induced vascular tone in small cerebral arteries. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:271-286. [PMID: 37925376 PMCID: PMC10901969 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of small cerebral arteries (SCAs) to adapt to pressure fluctuations has a fundamental physiological role and appears to be relevant in different pathological conditions. Here, we present a new computational model for quantifying the link, and its contributors, between luminal pressure and vascular tone generation in SCAs. This is assembled by combining a chemical sub-model, representing pressure-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) signalling, with a mechanical sub-model for the tone generation and its transduction at tissue level. The devised model can accurately reproduce the impact of luminal pressure on different cytoplasmic components involved in myogenic signalling, both in the control case and when combined with some specific pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, the model is also able to capture and predict experimentally recorded pressure-outer diameter relationships obtained for vessels under control conditions, both in a Ca2 + -free bath and under drug inhibition. The modularity of the proposed framework allows the integration of new components for the study of a broad range of processes involved in the vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Coccarelli
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Sanjay Pant
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ioannis Polydoros
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Osama F Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
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Miteva K. On target inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition underpins TNF-OXPHOS-AP-1 as a promising avenue for anti-remodelling interventions in aortic dissection and rupture. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:306-308. [PMID: 37997934 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kapka Miteva
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Av. de la Roseraie 64, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Treadway J, Bielinski A, Zafiratos M, Polakowski J. Species comparison of compounds with known blood pressure effects in a vascular smooth muscle cell collagen contraction assay. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107290. [PMID: 37442214 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a great need for new approaches early in drug discovery that have the potential to improve clinical translation of compound-mediated cardiovascular effects. Current approaches frequently rely on in vivo animal models or in vitro tissue bath preparations, both of which are low throughput and costly. An in vitro surrogate screen for blood pressure using primary human cells may serve as a higher throughput method to quickly select compounds void of this secondary pharmacology and potentially improve late-stage drug development outcomes. METHODS In this study, we investigated 10 compounds with published in vivo blood pressure effects in a commercially available collagen contraction assay and evaluated rat, human, and canine (aortic) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate consistency between species and test their ability to predict the effects of known human vasodilators and constrictors. VSMCs were embedded at the same cell density in a collagen matrix which then floated freely in media containing test compounds. Collagen discs contracted faster than vehicle treated controls when incubated with a constrictor, and slower in the presence of a dilator. RESULTS Rat VSMCs responded as predicted of a VSMC-only culture to 9 out of 10 compounds. Human VSMCs responded as predicted to 8 out of 10 compounds, and canine VSMCs responded to 7 out of 10 compounds. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that rat VSMCs predict 90% of the effects of known vasoactive compounds in the collagen contraction assay while human and canine VSMCs were slightly less predictive (80% and 70%, respectively). Although blood pressure regulation is a multi-faceted and complex process, our data suggests the collagen smooth muscle contraction assay is useful as a qualitative early screen of compounds that act directly on smooth muscle cells of the arterial vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Treadway
- Abbvie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America.
| | - Aimee Bielinski
- Abbvie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Mark Zafiratos
- Abbvie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - James Polakowski
- Abbvie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
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Manville RW, Baldwin SN, Eriksen EØ, Jepps TA, Abbott GW. Medicinal plant rosemary relaxes blood vessels by activating vascular smooth muscle KCNQ channels. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23125. [PMID: 37535015 PMCID: PMC10437472 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301132r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The evergreen plant rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) has been employed medicinally for centuries as a memory aid, analgesic, spasmolytic, vasorelaxant and antihypertensive, with recent preclinical and clinical evidence rationalizing some applications. Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels in the KCNQ (Kv7) subfamily are highly influential in the nervous system, muscle and epithelia. KCNQ4 and KCNQ5 regulate vascular smooth muscle excitability and contractility and are implicated as antihypertensive drug targets. Here, we found that rosemary extract potentiates homomeric and heteromeric KCNQ4 and KCNQ5 activity, resulting in membrane hyperpolarization. Two rosemary diterpenes, carnosol and carnosic acid, underlie the effects and, like rosemary, are efficacious KCNQ-dependent vasorelaxants, quantified by myography in rat mesenteric arteries. Sex- and estrous cycle stage-dependence of the vasorelaxation matches sex- and estrous cycle stage-dependent KCNQ expression. The results uncover a molecular mechanism underlying rosemary vasorelaxant effects and identify new chemical spaces for KCNQ-dependent vasorelaxants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rían W. Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Samuel N. Baldwin
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Ørnberg Eriksen
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A. Jepps
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geoffrey W. Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Choi H, Miller MR, Nguyen HN, Rohrbough JC, Koch SR, Boatwright N, Yarboro MT, Sah R, McDonald WH, Reese JJ, Stark RJ, Lamb FS. LRRC8A anion channels modulate vascular reactivity via association with myosin phosphatase rho interacting protein. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23028. [PMID: 37310356 PMCID: PMC10591482 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300561r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat containing 8A (LRRC8A) volume regulated anion channels (VRACs) are activated by inflammatory and pro-contractile stimuli including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), angiotensin II and stretch. LRRC8A associates with NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and supports extracellular superoxide production. We tested the hypothesis that VRACs modulate TNFα signaling and vasomotor function in mice lacking LRRC8A exclusively in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs, Sm22α-Cre, Knockout). Knockout (KO) mesenteric vessels contracted normally but relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was enhanced compared to wild type (WT). Forty-eight hours of ex vivo exposure to TNFα (10 ng/mL) enhanced contraction to norepinephrine (NE) and markedly impaired dilation to ACh and SNP in WT but not KO vessels. VRAC blockade (carbenoxolone, CBX, 100 μM, 20 min) enhanced dilation of control rings and restored impaired dilation following TNFα exposure. Myogenic tone was absent in KO rings. LRRC8A immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectroscopy identified 33 proteins that interacted with LRRC8A. Among them, the myosin phosphatase rho-interacting protein (MPRIP) links RhoA, MYPT1 and actin. LRRC8A-MPRIP co-localization was confirmed by confocal imaging of tagged proteins, Proximity Ligation Assays, and IP/western blots. siLRRC8A or CBX treatment decreased RhoA activity in VSMCs, and MYPT1 phosphorylation was reduced in KO mesenteries suggesting that reduced ROCK activity contributes to enhanced relaxation. MPRIP was a target of redox modification, becoming oxidized (sulfenylated) after TNFα exposure. Interaction of LRRC8A with MPRIP may allow redox regulation of the cytoskeleton by linking Nox1 activation to impaired vasodilation. This identifies VRACs as potential targets for treatment or prevention of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael R Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hong-Ngan Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rohrbough
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen R Koch
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Naoko Boatwright
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael T Yarboro
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Reese
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan J Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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7
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Slaoui L, Gilbert A, Rancillac A, Delaunay-Piednoir B, Chagnot A, Gerard Q, Letort G, Mailly P, Robil N, Gelot A, Lefebvre M, Favier M, Dias K, Jourdren L, Federici L, Auvity S, Cisternino S, Vivien D, Cohen-Salmon M, Boulay AC. In mice and humans, brain microvascular contractility matures postnatally. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:475-492. [PMID: 36380034 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although great efforts to characterize the embryonic phase of brain microvascular system development have been made, its postnatal maturation has barely been described. Here, we compared the molecular and functional properties of brain vascular cells on postnatal day (P)5 vs. P15, via a transcriptomic analysis of purified mouse cortical microvessels (MVs) and the identification of vascular-cell-type-specific or -preferentially expressed transcripts. We found that endothelial cells (EC), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and fibroblasts (FB) follow specific molecular maturation programs over this time period. Focusing on VSMCs, we showed that the arteriolar VSMC network expands and becomes contractile resulting in a greater cerebral blood flow (CBF), with heterogenous developmental trajectories within cortical regions. Samples of the human brain cortex showed the same postnatal maturation process. Thus, the postnatal phase is a critical period during which arteriolar VSMC contractility required for vessel tone and brain perfusion is acquired and mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Slaoui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Alice Gilbert
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Rancillac
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Delaunay-Piednoir
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Quentin Gerard
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Gaëlle Letort
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Mailly
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoinette Gelot
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Lefebvre
- Service de foetopathologie, Centre hospitalier régional d'Orleans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Karine Dias
- GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de L'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jourdren
- GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de L'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Federici
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Auvity
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service Pharmacie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire-Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service Pharmacie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire-Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de la côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Cécile Boulay
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
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8
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Spetz JKE, Florido MHC, Fraser CS, Qin X, Choiniere J, Yu SJ, Singh R, Friesen M, Rubin LL, Salem JE, Moslehi JJ, Sarosiek KA. Heightened apoptotic priming of vascular cells across tissues and life span predisposes them to cancer therapy-induced toxicities. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn6579. [PMID: 36351019 PMCID: PMC9645721 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although major organ toxicities frequently arise in patients treated with cytotoxic or targeted cancer therapies, the mechanisms that drive them are poorly understood. Here, we report that vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are more highly primed for apoptosis than parenchymal cells across many adult tissues. Consequently, ECs readily undergo apoptosis in response to many commonly used anticancer agents including cytotoxic and targeted drugs and are more sensitive to ionizing radiation and BH3 mimetics than parenchymal cells in vivo. Further, using differentiated isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell models of ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we find that these vascular cells exhibit distinct drug toxicity patterns, which are linked to divergent therapy-induced vascular toxicities in patients. Collectively, our results demonstrate that vascular cells are highly sensitive to apoptosis-inducing stress across life span and may represent a "weakest link" vulnerability in multiple tissues for development of toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan K. E. Spetz
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary H. C. Florido
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cameron S. Fraser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xingping Qin
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Choiniere
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey J. Yu
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rumani Singh
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max Friesen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Clinical Investigation Center Paris-Est, CIC-1901, INSERM, UNICO-GRECO Cardio-Oncology Program, Department of Pharmacology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Javid J. Moslehi
- Section of Cardio-Oncology and Immunology, Division of Cardiology and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristopher A. Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Williams H, Brown BA, Johnson JL, George SJ. Use of Mouse Carotid Artery Ligation Model of Intimal Thickening to Probe Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Remodeling and Function in Atherosclerosis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:537-560. [PMID: 35237987 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The thickening of the intima is a critical underlying component of atherosclerosis. Consequently, robust and reproducible animal models of intimal thickening are essential for a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying the process of intimal thickening and to evaluate new approaches for the reduction of intimal thickening and thereby atherosclerosis. The ligation of the carotid artery in the mouse causes the thickening of the intimal layer of the artery. This model is relatively simple and is reproducible and therefore is a preferred and well-established model of intimal thickening. Here, we detail a protocol for carotid artery ligation in the mouse and methods for histological examination and quantification of intimal thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bethan A Brown
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jason L Johnson
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J George
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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10
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Griffiths K, Madhani M. The Use of Wire Myography to Investigate Vascular Tone and Function. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:361-376. [PMID: 35237977 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wire myography enables the investigation of vascular tone and function of small vessels. The vessel of interest is harvested from the experimental model of choice, and then mounted as ring preparations onto a four-channel wire myograph. This technique enables ex vivo measurements of isometric response of vessels to different pharmacological agents. Here we describe in detail how to dissect, mount, and normalize vessels for the wire myography technique. We will also provide examples of how to construct concentration-response curves to a contractile and vasodilatory pharmacological agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Griffiths
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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11
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Kaczor DM, Kramann R, Hackeng TM, Schurgers LJ, Koenen RR. Differential Effects of Platelet Factor 4 (CXCL4) and Its Non-Allelic Variant (CXCL4L1) on Cultured Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020580. [PMID: 35054772 PMCID: PMC8775478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (CXCL4) is a chemokine abundantly stored in platelets. Upon injury and during atherosclerosis, CXCL4 is transported through the vessel wall where it modulates the function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by affecting proliferation, migration, gene expression and cytokine release. Variant CXCL4L1 is distinct from CXCL4 in function and expression pattern, despite a minor three-amino acid difference. Here, the effects of CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 on the phenotype and function of human VSMCs were compared in vitro. VSMCs were found to constitutively express CXCL4L1 and only exogenously added CXCL4 was internalized by VSMCs. Pre-treatment with heparin completely blocked CXCL4 uptake. A role of the putative CXCL4 receptors CXCR3 and DARC in endocytosis was excluded, but LDL receptor family members appeared to be involved in the uptake of CXCL4. Incubation of VSMCs with both CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 resulted in decreased expression of contractile marker genes and increased mRNA levels of KLF4 and NLRP3 transcription factors, yet only CXCL4 stimulated proliferation and calcification of VSMCs. In conclusion, CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 both modulate gene expression, yet only CXCL4 increases the division rate and formation of calcium-phosphate crystals in VSMCs. CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 may play distinct roles during vascular remodeling in which CXCL4 induces proliferation and calcification while endogenously expressed CXCL4L1 governs cellular homeostasis. The latter notion remains a subject for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid M. Kaczor
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.K.); (T.M.H.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman M. Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.K.); (T.M.H.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.K.); (T.M.H.); (L.J.S.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Rory R. Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.K.); (T.M.H.); (L.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-433-881-674
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12
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), a highly mosaic tissue, arise from multiple distinct embryonic origins and populate different regions of our vascular network with defined boundaries. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the heterogeneity of VSMC origins contributes to region-specific vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm. These findings highlight the necessity of taking into account lineage-dependent responses of VSMCs to common vascular risk factors when studying vascular diseases. This chapter describes a reproducible, stepwise protocol for the generation of isogenic VSMC subtypes originated from proepicardium, second heart field, cardiac neural crest, and ventral somite using human induced pluripotent stem cells. By leveraging this robust induction protocol, patient-derived VSMC subtypes of desired embryonic origins can be generated for disease modeling as well as drug screening and development for vasculopathies with regional susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Shen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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13
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Chen L, Hassani Nia F, Stauber T. Ion Channels and Transporters in Muscle Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13615. [PMID: 34948411 PMCID: PMC8703453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on ion channels in muscle tissues have mainly focused on physiological muscle function and related disorders, but emerging evidence supports a critical role of ion channels and transporters in developmental processes, such as controlling the myogenic commitment of stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of ion channels and transporters that influence skeletal muscle myoblast differentiation, cardiac differentiation from pluripotent stem cells, as well as vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. We highlight examples of model organisms or patients with mutations in ion channels. Furthermore, a potential underlying molecular mechanism involving hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and a series of calcium signaling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Chen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fatemeh Hassani Nia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
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14
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Qiu Z, He J, Chai T, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Zheng H, Chen X, Zhang L, Li Y, Chen L. miR-145 attenuates phenotypic transformation of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells to prevent aortic dissection. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23773. [PMID: 34767671 PMCID: PMC8649326 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-145 is closely related to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) phenotype transformation; however, the regulatory mechanisms through which miR-145 regulates the VSMC phenotype transformation under mechanical stretching are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the roles of miR-145 in VSMCs subjected to mechanical stretching in aortic dissection (AD). METHODS The expression of miR-145 in the aortic vessel wall of model animals and patients with AD was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. miR-145-related protein-protein interaction networks and Wikipathways were used to analyze VSMC phenotypic transformation pathways regulated by miR-145. We used gain- and loss-of-function studies to evaluate the effects of miR-145 on VSMC differentiation under mechanical stretch induction and assessed whether Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was regulated by miR-145 in the aorta under mechanical stretch conditions. RESULTS miR-145 was abundantly expressed in the walls of the normal human aorta, but was significantly downregulated in animal models and the walls of patients with dissection. We found that contractile phenotype-related proteins were downregulated in VSMCs subjected to mechanical stretching, whereas the expression of secreted phenotype-related proteins increased. miR-145 overexpression also downregulated contractile phenotype-related proteins in VSMCs and suppressed upregulation of phenotype-related proteins. Finally, under mechanical stretching, KLF4 expression was significantly increased in VSMCs, and overexpression of miR-145 blocked this effect. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that mechanical stretch-induced phenotypic transformation of VSMCs to promote AD via upregulation of KLF4; this mechanism was regulated by miR-145, which directly modulated KLF4 expression and VSMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Huang Qiu
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jian He
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Tian‐ci Chai
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yu‐ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐song Chen
- Department of Plastic SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yu‐mei Li
- Department of ToxicologyFujian Center for Evaluation of New DrugFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Liang‐wan Chen
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUnion HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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15
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Lai YJ, Kao WWY, Yeh YH, Chen WJ, Chu PH. Lumican deficiency promotes pulmonary arterial remodeling. Transl Res 2021; 237:63-81. [PMID: 34091085 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is caused by progressive extracellular matrix disorganization and increased pulmonary vascular cell proliferation. Lumican is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family that controls cell proliferation, and is a potential endogenous modulator of TGF-β signaling pathway. We show that the decreased lumican protein levels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is related to the vascular remodeling and stiffening observed in PAH. The role of lumican in PASMC accumulation and activation in response to pulmonary vascular remodeling remains unclear and we hypothesized that the loss of lumican in PASMCs promotes the development of PAH. Our aim was to establish that lumican plays a pivotal role in modulating pathological vascular remodeling in humans using a rat model of monocrotaline-induced PAH and chronically hypoxic mice. We found that mice with a homozygous deletion of lumican (Lum-/-) showed severe pulmonary arterial remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in response to hypoxia, and these effects in mice with chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension were successfully treated by the administration of a lumican C-terminal peptide (LumC13C-A, lumikine). We identified a mechanistic link by which lumican signaling prevents the activation of phosphorylated AKT, resulting in the suppression of PASMC proliferation. Lumican deficiency promotes pulmonary arterial remodeling. Administration of lumikine reverses the PAH pathogenesis caused by hypoxia-induced experimental PAH. Lumican is an antiproliferative target that functions to suppress pAKT activation during pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lai
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
| | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Department of Ophtalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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16
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Zhong C, Xu M, Boral S, Summer H, Lichtenberger FB, Erdoğan C, Gollasch M, Golz S, Persson PB, Schleifenbaum J, Patzak A, Khedkar PH. Age Impairs Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Function in Mouse Mesenteric Arteries. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111412. [PMID: 34768842 PMCID: PMC8584026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) comes with age, even without overt vessel damage such as that which occurs in atherosclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy. We hypothesized that aging would affect the downstream signalling of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) system in the vascular smooth muscle (VSM). With this in mind, resistance mesenteric arteries were isolated from 13-week (juvenile) and 40-week-old (aged) mice and tested under isometric conditions using wire myography. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation was reduced in aged as compared to juvenile vessels. Pretreatment with L-NAME, which inhibits nitrix oxide synthases (NOS), decreased ACh-mediated vasorelaxation, whereby differences in vasorelaxation between groups disappeared. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was similar in both groups; however, SNP bolus application (10−6 mol L−1) as well as soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation by runcaciguat (10−6 mol L−1) caused faster responses in juvenile vessels. This was accompanied by higher cGMP concentrations and a stronger response to the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil in juvenile vessels. Mesenteric arteries and aortas did not reveal apparent histological differences between groups (van Gieson staining). The mRNA expression of the α1 and α2 subunits of sGC was lower in aged animals, as was PDE5 mRNA expression. In conclusion, vasorelaxation is compromised at an early age in mice even in the absence of histopathological alterations. Vascular smooth muscle sGC is a key element in aged vessel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Minze Xu
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Sengül Boral
- Institute of Pathology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Holger Summer
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany; (H.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Falk-Bach Lichtenberger
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Cem Erdoğan
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Internal and Geriatric Medicine, University of Greifswald, Geriatric Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Golz
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany; (H.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Johanna Schleifenbaum
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pratik H. Khedkar
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.X.); (F.-B.L.); (C.E.); (P.B.P.); (J.S.); (P.H.K.)
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Jensen LF, Bentzon JF, Albarrán-Juárez J. The Phenotypic Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Exposed to Mechanical Cues. Cells 2021; 10:2209. [PMID: 34571858 PMCID: PMC8469800 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) located in the intima and media of blood vessels shift from a contractile state towards other phenotypes that differ substantially from differentiated SMCs. In addition, these cells acquire new functions, such as the production of alternative extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and signal molecules. A similar shift in cell phenotype is observed when SMCs are removed from their native environment and placed in a culture, presumably due to the absence of the physiological signals that maintain and regulate the SMC phenotype in the vasculature. The far majority of studies describing SMC functions have been performed under standard culture conditions in which cells adhere to a rigid and static plastic plate. While these studies have contributed to discovering key molecular pathways regulating SMCs, they have a significant limitation: the ECM microenvironment and the mechanical forces transmitted through the matrix to SMCs are generally not considered. Here, we review and discuss the recent literature on how the mechanical forces and derived biochemical signals have been shown to modulate the vascular SMC phenotype and provide new perspectives about their importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Filt Jensen
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.F.J.); (J.F.B.)
| | - Jacob Fog Bentzon
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.F.J.); (J.F.B.)
- Experimental Pathology of Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian Albarrán-Juárez
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.F.J.); (J.F.B.)
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18
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Nolde JM, Marisol Lugo‐Gavidia L, Carnagarin R, Azzam O, Galindo Kiuchi M, Mian A, Schlaich MP. Machine learning powered tools for automated analysis of muscle sympathetic nerve activity recordings. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14996. [PMID: 34427381 PMCID: PMC8383713 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated analysis and quantification of physiological signals in clinical practice and medical research can reduce manual labor, increase efficiency, and provide more objective, reproducible results. To build a novel platform for the analysis of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), we employed state-of-the-art data processing and machine learning applications. Data processing methods for integrated MSNA recordings were developed to evaluate signals regarding the overall quality of the signal, the validity of individual signal peaks regarding the potential to be MSNA bursts and the timing of their occurrence. An overall probability score was derived from this flexible platform to evaluate each individual signal peak automatically. Overall, three deep neural networks were designed and trained to validate individual signal peaks randomly sampled from recordings representing only electrical noise and valid microneurography recordings. A novel data processing method for the whole signal was developed to differentiate between periods of valid MSNA signal recordings and periods in which the signal was not available or lost due to involuntary movement of the recording electrode. A probabilistic model for timing of the signal bursts was implemented as part of the system. Machine Learning algorithms and data processing tools were implemented to replicate the complex decision-making process of manual MSNA analysis. Validation of manual MSNA analysis including intra- and inter-rater validity and a comparison with automated MSNA tools is required. The developed toolbox for automated MSNA analysis can be extended in a flexible way to include algorithms based on other datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis M. Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Leslie Marisol Lugo‐Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Omar Azzam
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Márcio Galindo Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Ajmal Mian
- School of Computer Science and Software EngineeringThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Markus P. Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension CentreSchool of Medicine ‐ Royal Perth Hospital Research FoundationFaculty of MedicineDentistry & Health SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Departments of Cardiology and NephrologyRoyal Perth HospitalPerthAustralia
- Neurovascular Hypertension & Kidney Disease LaboratoryBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
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19
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Esobi IC, Barksdale C, Heard-Tate C, Powell RR, Bruce TF, Stamatikos A. MOVAS Cells: A Versatile Cell Line for Studying Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cholesterol Metabolism. Lipids 2021; 56:413-422. [PMID: 33881166 PMCID: PMC8928454 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is paramount to cells. Aberrations to cholesterol metabolism affects cholesterol homeostasis, which may impact the risk of several diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) cholesterol metabolism may play a role in atherosclerosis. However, there is scant in vitro mechanistic data involving primary VSMC that directly tests how VSMC cholesterol metabolism may impact atherosclerosis. One reason for this lack of data is due to the impracticality of gene manipulation studies in primary VSMC, as cultured primary VSMC become senescent and lose their morphology rapidly. However, there are no immortalized VSMC lines known to be suitable for studying VSMC cholesterol metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine whether MOVAS cells, a commercially available VSMC line, are suitable to use for studying VSMC cholesterol metabolism. Using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, we showed that MOVAS cells express ABCA1, ABCG1, and SREBP-2. We also determined that MOVAS cells efflux cholesterol to apoAI and HDL, which indicates functionality of ABCA1/ABCG1. In serum-starved MOVAS cells, SREBP-2 target gene expression was increased, confirming SREBP-2 functionality. We detected miR-33a expression in MOVAS cells and determined this microRNA can silence ABCA1 and ABCG1 via identifying conserved miR-33a binding sites within ABCA1/ABCG1 3'UTR in MOVAS cells. We showed that cholesterol-loading MOVAS cells results in this cell line to transdifferentiate into a macrophage-like cell, which also occurs when VSMC accumulate cholesterol. Our characterization of MOVAS cells sufficiently demonstrates that they are suitable to use for studying VSMC cholesterol metabolism in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caterra Heard-Tate
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University
| | | | | | - Alexis Stamatikos
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University
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20
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Htet M, Ursitti JA, Chen L, Fisher SA. Editing of the myosin phosphatase regulatory subunit suppresses angiotensin II induced hypertension via sensitization to nitric oxide mediated vasodilation. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:611-622. [PMID: 33145641 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of exon 24 (E24) of the myosin phosphatase regulatory subunit (Mypt1) tunes smooth muscle sensitivity to NO/cGMP-mediated vasorelaxation and thereby controls blood pressure (BP) in otherwise normal mice. This occurs via the toggling in or out of a C-terminal leucine zipper (LZ) motif required for hetero-dimerization with and activation by cGMP-dependent protein kinase cGK1α. Here we tested the hypothesis that editing (deletion) of E24, by shifting to the LZ positive isoform of Mypt1, would suppress the hypertensive response to angiotensin II (AngII). To test this, mice underwent tamoxifen-inducible and smooth muscle-specific deletion of E24 (E24 cKO) at age 6 weeks followed by a chronic slow-pressor dose of AngII (400 ng/kg/min) plus additional stressors. E24 cKO suppressed the hypertensive response to AngII alone or with the addition of a high salt diet. This effect was not a function of altered salt balance as there were no differences in intake or renal excretion of sodium. This effect was NO dependent as L-NAME in the drinking water caused an exaggerated hypertensive response in the E24cKO mice. E24cKO mouse mesenteric arteries were more sensitive to DEA/NO-induced vasorelaxation and less responsive to AngII- and α-adrenergic-induced vasoconstriction at baseline. Only the latter two effects were still present after 2 weeks of chronic AngII treatment. We conclude that editing of Mypt1 E24, by shifting the expression of naturally occurring isoforms and sensitizing to NO-mediated vasodilation, could be a novel approach to the treatment of human hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Htet
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jeanine A Ursitti
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology , University of Maryland- Baltimore , MD, 21201, Baltimore, USA
| | - Steven A Fisher
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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21
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Shamsi F, Piper M, Ho LL, Huang TL, Gupta A, Streets A, Lynes MD, Tseng YH. Vascular smooth muscle-derived Trpv1 + progenitors are a source of cold-induced thermogenic adipocytes. Nat Metab 2021; 3:485-495. [PMID: 33846638 PMCID: PMC8076094 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat function in energy expenditure in part due to their role in thermoregulation, making these tissues attractive targets for treating obesity and metabolic disorders. While prolonged cold exposure promotes de novo recruitment of brown adipocytes, the exact sources of cold-induced thermogenic adipocytes are not completely understood. Here, we identify transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (Trpv1)+ vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells as previously unidentified thermogenic adipocyte progenitors. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of interscapular brown adipose depots reveals, in addition to the previously known platelet-derived growth factor receptor (Pdgfr)α-expressing mesenchymal progenitors, a population of VSM-derived adipocyte progenitor cells (VSM-APC) expressing the temperature-sensitive cation channel Trpv1. We demonstrate that cold exposure induces the proliferation of Trpv1+ VSM-APCs and enahnces their differentiation to highly thermogenic adipocytes. Together, these findings illustrate the landscape of the thermogenic adipose niche at single-cell resolution and identify a new cellular origin for the development of brown and beige adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Shamsi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Piper
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li-Lun Ho
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tian Lian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anushka Gupta
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Streets
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Pang Y, Thomas P. Involvement of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase (SERCA) in mPRα (PAQR7)-mediated progesterone induction of vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E453-E466. [PMID: 33427050 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00359.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone acts directly on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through activation of membrane progesterone receptor α (mPRα)-dependent signaling to rapidly decrease cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations and induce muscle relaxation. However, it is not known whether this progesterone action involves uptake of Ca2+ by the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR) and increased sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity. The present results show that treatment of cultured human VSMCs with progesterone and the selective mPR agonist Org OD-02-0 (OD 02-0) but not with the nuclear PR agonist R5020 increased SERCA protein expression, which was blocked by knockdown of mPRα with siRNA. Moreover, treatments with progesterone and OD 02-0, but not with R5020, increased phospholamban (PLB) phosphorylation, which would result in disinhibition of SERCA function. Progesterone and OD 02-0 significantly increased Ca2+ levels in the SR and caused VSMC relaxation. These effects were blocked by pretreatment with cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a SERCA inhibitor, and by knockdown of SERCA2 with siRNA, suggesting that SERCA2 plays a critical role in progesterone induction of VSMC relaxation. Treatment with inhibitors of inhibitory G proteins (Gi, NF023), MAP kinase (AZD 6244), Akt/Pi3k (wortmannin), and a Rho activator (calpeptin) blocked the progesterone- and OD 02-0-induced increase in Ca2+ levels in the SR and SERCA expressions. These results suggest that the rapid effects of progesterone on cytosolic Ca2+ levels and relaxation of VSMCs through mPRα involve regulation of the functions of SERCA2 and PLB through Gi, MAP kinase, and Akt signaling pathways and downregulation of RhoA activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The rapid effects of progesterone on cytosolic Ca2+ levels and relaxation of VSMCs through mPRα involve regulation of the functions of SERCA2 and PLB through Gi, MAP kinase, and Akt signaling pathways and downregulation of RhoA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Pang
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
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23
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Abstract
Robert Furchgott was first noted for research on drug-receptor theory, autonomic neuroeffector mechanisms, and vascular pharmacology/physiology. His studies on drug-receptor interactions provided important knowledge about the properties of drug receptors long before methodologies were developed to study them directly. However, Furchgott achieved an enduring legacy for recognizing the importance of endothelial cells for the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. On the basis of his own experiments and those of others, he proposed that acetylcholine interacted with muscarinic receptors at the surface of endothelial cells to release a substance called endothelium relaxing factor. Endothelium relaxing factor was later identified as nitric oxide, a colorless, odorless gas. Furchgott's discovery of an entirely new mechanism by which blood vessels dilate revolutionized studies on the physiology of the vascular system. His work also suggested new treatments for hypertension and heart disease, and was a key factor in the development of the anti-impotence drug sildenafil. In 1998, Robert Furchgott shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Ferid Murad and Louis Ignarro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Rubin
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, USA
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24
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Ammann KR, Slepian MJ. Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell galvanotactic response and differential migratory behavior. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112447. [PMID: 33347857 PMCID: PMC7906251 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic disease or injury of the vasculature impairs the functionality of vascular wall cells particularly in their ability to migrate and repair vascular surfaces. Under pathologic conditions, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) lose their non-thrombogenic properties and decrease their motility. Alternatively, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may increase motility and proliferation, leading to blood vessel luminal invasion. Current therapies to prevent subsequent blood vessel occlusion commonly mechanically injure vascular cells leading to endothelial denudation and smooth muscle cell luminal migration. Due to this dichotomous migratory behavior, a need exists for modulating vascular cell growth and migration in a more targeted manner. Here, we examine the efficacy of utilizing small direct current electric fields to influence vascular cell-specific migration ("galvanotaxis"). We designed, fabricated, and implemented an in vitro chamber for tracking vascular cell migration direction, distance, and displacement under galvanotactic influence of varying magnitude. Our results indicate that vascular ECs and SMCs have differing responses to galvanotaxis; ECs exhibit a positive correlation of anodal migration while SMCs exhibit minimal change in directional migration in relation to the electric field direction. SMCs exhibit less motility response (i.e. distance traveled in 4 h) compared to ECs, but SMCs show a significantly higher motility at low electric potentials (80 mV/cm). With further investigation and translation, galvanotaxis may be an effective solution for modulation of vascular cell-specific migration, leading to enhanced endothelialization, with coordinate reduced smooth muscle in-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn R Ammann
- Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Marvin J Slepian
- Department of Medicine, Sarver Heart Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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25
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Giudici A, Wilkinson IB, Khir AW. Review of the Techniques Used for Investigating the Role Elastin and Collagen Play in Arterial Wall Mechanics. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 14:256-269. [PMID: 32746366 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2020.3005448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The arterial wall is characterised by a complex microstructure that impacts the mechanical properties of the vascular tissue. The main components consist of collagen and elastin fibres, proteoglycans, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) and ground matrix. While VSMCs play a key role in the active mechanical response of arteries, collagen and elastin determine the passive mechanics. Several experimental methods have been designed to investigate the role of these structural proteins in determining the passive mechanics of the arterial wall. Microscopy imaging of load-free or fixed samples provides useful information on the structure-function coupling of the vascular tissue, and mechanical testing provides information on the mechanical role of collagen and elastin networks. However, when these techniques are used separately, they fail to provide a full picture of the arterial micromechanics. More recently, advances in imaging techniques have allowed combining both methods, thus dynamically imaging the sample while loaded in a pseudo-physiological way, and overcoming the limitation of using either of the two methods separately. The present review aims at describing the techniques currently available to researchers for the investigation of the arterial wall micromechanics. This review also aims to elucidate the current understanding of arterial mechanics and identify some research gaps.
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26
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Haynes A, Naylor LH, Spence AL, Robey E, Cox KL, Maslen BA, Lautenschlager NT, Carter HH, Ainslie PN, Green DJ. Effects of Land versus Water Walking Interventions on Vascular Function in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:83-89. [PMID: 32555027 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endothelial dysfunction is an early and integral atherogenic event. Interventions that improve endothelial function also reduce cardiovascular risk. Due largely to the direct hemodynamic effects of repetitive exercise on the artery wall, exercise training has shown to enhance endothelial function. Land walking (LW) and water walking (WW) induce distinct hemodynamic responses, so the comparison of their effects provides an approach to study shear stress effects on endothelial function. We hypothesized that LW and WW training would have different effects on peripheral artery endothelial function. METHODS Fifty-one sedentary, older (age = 61.9 ± 6.6 yr, 23.5% male) individuals were randomized into one of three groups: control (n = 16), or one of two exercise groups consisting of 3 × 50 min supervised and individually tailored walking sessions per week for 24 consecutive weeks, performed either on LW (n = 17) or on WW (n = 18). Brachial artery endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation) and smooth muscle cell function (glyceryl trinitrate administration) were tested in all participants before (week 0) and after (week 24) the intervention. RESULTS Differences were apparent in flow-mediated dilation change between the LW group (week 0, 5.39% ± 0.71%, to week 24, 7.77% ± 0.78%; P = 0.009) and the control group (week 0, 5.87% ± 0.73%, to week 24, 5.78% ± 0.78%). No differences in artery dilation response were found after glyceryl trinitrate administration (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that 6-month center-based LW may be superior to WW in terms of improvement in arterial endothelial function in older sedentary individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Haynes
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Louise H Naylor
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Angela L Spence
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Elisa Robey
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Barbara A Maslen
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Howard H Carter
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, CANADA
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
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27
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Williams JS, Dunford EC, MacDonald MJ. Impact of the menstrual cycle on peripheral vascular function in premenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1327-H1337. [PMID: 33064553 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00341.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluctuations in endogenous hormones estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle may offer vasoprotection for endothelial and smooth muscle (VSM) function. While numerous studies have been published, the results are conflicting, leaving our understanding of the impact of the menstrual cycle on vascular function unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to consolidate available research exploring the role of the menstrual cycle on peripheral vascular function. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE was performed for articles evaluating peripheral endothelial and VSM function across the natural menstrual cycle: early follicular (EF) phase versus late follicular (LF), early luteal, mid luteal, or late luteal. A meta-analysis examined the effect of the menstrual cycle on the standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcome measures. Analysis from 30 studies (n = 1,363 women) observed a "very low" certainty of evidence that endothelial function increased in the LF phase (SMD: 0.45, P = 0.0001), with differences observed in the macrovasculature but not in the microvasculature (SMD: 0.57, P = 0.0003, I2 = 84%; SMD: 0.21, P = 0.17, I2 = 34%, respectively). However, these results are partially explained by differences in flow-mediated dilation [e.g., discrete (SMD: 0.86, P = 0.001) vs. continuous peak diameter assessment (SMD: 0.25, P = 0.30)] and/or menstrual cycle phase methodologies. There was a "very low" certainty that endothelial function was largely unchanged in the luteal phases, and VSM was unchanged across the cycle. The menstrual cycle appears to have a small effect on macrovascular endothelial function but not on microvascular or VSM function; however, these results can be partially attributed to methodological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Williams
- Vascular Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily C Dunford
- Vascular Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen J MacDonald
- Vascular Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Aravani D, Foote K, Figg N, Finigan A, Uryga A, Clarke M, Bennett M. Cytokine regulation of apoptosis-induced apoptosis and apoptosis-induced cell proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Apoptosis 2020; 25:648-662. [PMID: 32627119 PMCID: PMC7527356 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main structural cell of blood vessels, and VSMC apoptosis occurs in vascular disease, after injury, and in vessel remodeling during development. Although VSMC apoptosis is viewed as silent, recent studies show that apoptotic cells can promote apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation (AICP), apoptosis-induced apoptosis (AIA), and migration of both local somatic and infiltrating inflammatory cells. However, the effects of VSMC apoptosis on adjacent VSMCs, and their underlying signaling and mechanisms are unknown. We examined the consequences of VSMC apoptosis after activating extrinsic and intrinsic death pathways. VSMCs undergoing apoptosis through Fas/CD95 or the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine transcriptionally activated interleukin 6 (IL-6) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), leading to their secretion. Apoptosis induced activation of p38MAPK, JNK, and Akt, but neither p38 and JNK activation nor IL-6 or GM-CSF induction required caspase cleavage. IL-6 induction depended upon p38 activity, while Fas-induced GM-CSF expression required p38 and JNK. Conditioned media from apoptotic VSMCs induced VSMC apoptosis in vitro, and IL-6 and GM-CSF acted as pro-survival factors for AIA. VSMC apoptosis was studied in vivo using SM22α-DTR mice that express the diphtheria toxin receptor in VSMCs only. DT administration induced VSMC apoptosis and VSMC proliferation, and also signficantly induced IL-6 and GM-CSF. We conclude that VSMC apoptosis activates multiple caspase-independent intracellular signaling cascades, leading to release of soluble cytokines involved in regulation of both cell proliferation and apoptosis. VSMC AICP may ameliorate while AIA may amplify the effects of pro-apoptotic stimuli in vessel remodeling and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Aravani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirsty Foote
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nichola Figg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison Finigan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Uryga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Murray Clarke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.
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29
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Huang Z, Li P, Wu L, Zhang D, Du B, Liang C, Gao L, Zhang Y, Yao R. Hsa_circ_0029589 knockdown inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulating miR-214-3p and STIM1. Life Sci 2020; 259:118251. [PMID: 32795540 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are relevant to atherosclerosis progression. However, the role and mechanism of circRNA hsa_circ_0029589 (circ_0029589) in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. This research aims to explore the function and mechanism of circ_0029589 in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-caused vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) injury in vitro. MAIN METHODS VSMCs were challenged via ox-LDL to mimic atherosclerosis-like injury in vitro. Circ_0029589, microRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) abundances were detected via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell proliferation was investigated via cell viability, cycle, apoptosis and proliferation-associated protein levels. Cell migration and invasion were assessed via transwell analysis. The relationship between miR-214-3p and circ_0029589 or STIM1 was tested via dual-luciferase reporter analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation. KEY FINDINGS Circ_0029589 level was enhanced in ox-LDL-challenged VSMCs. Circ_0029589 interference constrained cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ox-LDL-challenged VSMCs. miR-214-3p was targeted by circ_0029589 and miR-214-3p knockdown weakened the suppressive function of circ_0029589 silence on VSMCs proliferation, migration and invasion. STIM1 was targeted via miR-214-3p and miR-214-3p could suppress VSMCs proliferation, migration and invasion via decreasing STIM1. Moreover, circ_0029589 modulated STIM1 level by miR-214-3p. SIGNIFICANCE Circ_0029589 knockdown repressed proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs challenged via ox-LDL by regulating miR-214-3p and STIM1, indicating that circ_0029589 might play important role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Cardiovascular Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Penglei Li
- Department of Vasculocardiology, People's Hospital of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Leiming Wu
- Cardiovascular Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dianhong Zhang
- Cardiovascular Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Binbin Du
- Cardiovascular Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Cui Liang
- Cardiovascular Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Cardiovascular Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- Cardiovascular Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Cardiovascular Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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30
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St. Paul A, Corbett CB, Okune R, Autieri MV. Angiotensin II, Hypercholesterolemia, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Perfect Trio for Vascular Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124525. [PMID: 32630530 PMCID: PMC7350267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western and developing world, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing with the longer lifespan afforded by our modern lifestyle. Vascular diseases including coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke comprise the majority of cardiovascular diseases, and therefore represent a significant medical and socioeconomic burden on our society. It may not be surprising that these conditions overlap and potentiate each other when we consider the many cellular and molecular similarities between them. These intersecting points are manifested in clinical studies in which lipid lowering therapies reduce blood pressure, and anti-hypertensive medications reduce atherosclerotic plaque. At the molecular level, the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is the target, integrator, and effector cell of both atherogenic and the major effector protein of the hypertensive signal Angiotensin II (Ang II). Together, these signals can potentiate each other and prime the artery and exacerbate hypertension and atherosclerosis. Therefore, VSMCs are the fulcrum in progression of these diseases and, therefore, understanding the effects of atherogenic stimuli and Ang II on the VSMC is key to understanding and treating atherosclerosis and hypertension. In this review, we will examine studies in which hypertension and atherosclerosis intersect on the VSMC, and illustrate common pathways between these two diseases and vascular aging.
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31
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Mulcahy L, Tudor E, Bailey SR. Validation of canine uterine and testicular arteries for the functional characterisation of receptor-mediated contraction as a replacement for laboratory animal tissues in teaching. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230516. [PMID: 32453770 PMCID: PMC7250439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Teaching practicals for receptor physiology/pharmacology in medical and veterinary schools have involved the use of in vitro experiments using tissues from laboratory animals, which have been killed for isolated vascular strip or ring preparations. However, the use of scavenged tissues has been advocated to reduce animal use. Utilising discarded tissues from routine surgical procedures, such as canine neutering, has not previously been investigated. Canine testicular and uterine tissues (discarded tissues) were obtained from routine neutering procedures performed by the veterinary team at a local animal neutering clinic for stray dogs. Rings of uterine and testicular artery were dissected and mounted on a Mulvany-Halpern wire myograph in order to characterize the adrenergic and serotonergic receptors mediating vasoconstriction. Cumulative contractile concentration-response curves were constructed for the alpha adrenoceptor agonists epinephrine (α1 and α2 receptors), phenylephrine (α1 selective) and UK14304 (α2 selective). Pre-treatment with the α1-selective antagonist, prazosin, was also investigated. The response to serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists were also investigated, including 5-HT (acting at both 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors), 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT; 5-HT1 selective) and α-methyl 5-HT (5-HT2 selective). A contractile response was observed in both canine uterine and testicular arteries to epinephrine and phenylephrine, and prazosin caused a dose-dependent parallel rightward shift in the phenylephrine dose-response curve (pA2 values of 7.97 and 8.39, respectively). UK14304 caused a contractile response in canine testicular arteries but very little appreciable contractile response in uterine arteries. The maximum responses produced by the uterine arteries to 5-HT was significantly lower than those of the testicular arteries. In the testicular artery, the 5-HT2 receptor selective agonist, α-methyl 5-HT, produced a similar contractile response to 5-HT but the administration of 5-CT failed to produce a response in either the testicular or uterine artery segments. These results validate the use of discarded tissue from routine canine neutering procedures as a useful source of vascular tissue for pharmacological teaching, for characterizing alpha and 5-HT receptor contractile responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mulcahy
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Tudor
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon R. Bailey
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Millar SA, John SG, McIntyre CW, Ralevic V, Anderson SI, O'Sullivan SE. An Investigation Into the Role of Osteocalcin in Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 32587575 PMCID: PMC7298126 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OCN) is a bone-derived protein that is detected within human calcified vascular tissue. Calcification is particularly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients but the role of OCN in calcification, whether active or passive, has not been elucidated. Part 1: The relationship between OCN, CKD and vascular calcification was assessed in CKD patients (n = 28) and age-matched controls (n = 19). Part 2: in vitro, we analyzed whether addition of uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) influenced the rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification. Human aortic VSMCs were cultured in control media or mineralisation inducing media (MM) containing increased phosphate with or without ucOCN (10 or 30 ng/mL) for up to 21 days. Markers of osteogenic differentiation and calcification were determined [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, total intracellular OCN, Runx2 expression, α-SMA expression, alizarin red calcium staining, and calcium quantification]. Part 1 results: In our human population, calcification was present (mean age 76 years), but no differences were detected between CKD patients and controls. Plasma total OCN was increased in CKD patients compared to controls (14 vs. 9 ng/mL; p < 0.05) and correlated to estimated glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.05), however no relationship was detected between total OCN and calcification. Part 2 results: in vitro, ALP activity, α-SMA expression and calcium concentrations were significantly increased in MM treated VSMCs at day 21, but no effect of ucOCN was observed. Cells treated with control media+ucOCN for 21 days did not show increases in ALP activity nor calcification. In summary, although plasma total OCN was increased in CKD patients, this study did not find a relationship between OCN and calcification in CKD and non-CKD patients, and found no in vitro evidence of an active role of ucOCN in vascular calcification as assessed over 21 days. ucOCN appears not to be a mediator of vascular calcification, but further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A. Millar
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sophie A. Millar
| | - Stephen G. John
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W. McIntyre
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vera Ralevic
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan I. Anderson
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse E. O'Sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
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Csato V, Kadir SZSA, Khavandi K, Bennett H, Sugden S, Gurney AM, Pritchard HT, Hill‐Eubanks D, Eaton P, Nelson MT, Greenstein AS. "A Step and a Ceiling": mechanical properties of Ca 2+ spark vasoregulation in resistance arteries by pressure-induced oxidative activation of PKG. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14260. [PMID: 31782255 PMCID: PMC6883097 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the biomechanical relationship between intraluminal pressure within small mesenteric resistance arteries, oxidant activation of PKG, Ca2+ sparks, and BK channel vasoregulation. Mesenteric resistance arteries from wild type (WT) and genetically modified mice with PKG resistance to oxidative activation were studied using wire and pressure myography. Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ transients within vascular smooth muscle cells of intact arteries were characterized using high-speed confocal microscopy of intact arteries. Arteries were studied under conditions of varying intraluminal pressure and oxidation. Intraluminal pressure specifically, rather than the generic stretch of the artery, was necessary to activate the oxidative pathway. We demonstrated a graded step activation profile for the generation of Ca2+ sparks and also a functional "ceiling" for this pressure --sensitive oxidative pathway. During steady state pressure - induced constriction, any additional Ca2+ sensitive-K+ channel functional availability was independent of oxidant activated PKG. There was an increase in the amplitude, but not the Area under the Curve (AUC) of the caffeine-induced Ca2+ transient in pressurized arteries from mice with oxidant-resistant PKG compared with wild type. Overall, we surmise that intraluminal pressure within resistance arteries controls Ca2+ spark vasoregulation through a tightly controlled pathway with a graded onset switch. The pathway, underpinned by oxidant activation of PKG, cannot be further boosted by additional pressure or oxidation once active. We propose that these restrictive characteristics of pressure-induced Ca2+ spark vasoregulation confer stability for the artery in order to provide a constant flow independent of additional pressure fluctuations or exogenous oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Csato
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Division of Clinical PhysiologyInstitute of CardiologyResearch Centre for Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Sharifah Z. S. A. Kadir
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Kaivan Khavandi
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Hayley Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Sugden
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Gurney
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Harry T. Pritchard
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Philip Eaton
- Centre for Clinical PharmacologyWilliam Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Present address:
Centre for Clinical PharmacologyWilliam Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermont
| | - Adam S. Greenstein
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
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Li P, Halabi CM, Stewart R, Butler A, Brown B, Xia X, Santi C, England S, Ferreira J, Mecham RP, Salkoff L. Sodium-activated potassium channels moderate excitability in vascular smooth muscle. J Physiol 2019; 597:5093-5108. [PMID: 31444905 PMCID: PMC6800802 DOI: 10.1113/jp278279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We report that a sodium-activated potassium current, IKNa , has been inadvertently overlooked in both conduit and resistance arterial smooth muscle cells. IKNa is a major K+ resting conductance and is absent in cells of IKNa knockout (KO) mice. The phenotype of the IKNa KO is mild hypertension, although KO mice react more strongly than wild-type with raised blood pressure when challenged with vasoconstrictive agents. IKNa is negatively regulated by angiotensin II acting through Gαq protein-coupled receptors. In current clamp, KO arterial smooth muscle cells have easily evoked Ca2+ -dependent action potentials. ABSTRACT Although several potassium currents have been reported to play a role in arterial smooth muscle (ASM), we find that one of the largest contributors to membrane conductance in both conduit and resistance ASMs has been inadvertently overlooked. In the present study, we show that IKNa , a sodium-activated potassium current, contributes a major portion of macroscopic outward current in a critical physiological voltage range that determines intrinsic cell excitability; IKNa is the largest contributor to ASM cell resting conductance. A genetic knockout (KO) mouse strain lacking KNa channels (KCNT1 and KCNT2) shows only a modest hypertensive phenotype. However, acute administration of vasoconstrictive agents such as angiotensin II (Ang II) and phenylephrine results in an abnormally large increase in blood pressure in the KO animals. In wild-type animals Ang II acting through Gαq protein-coupled receptors down-regulates IKNa , which increases the excitability of the ASMs. The complete genetic removal of IKNa in KO mice makes the mutant animal more vulnerable to vasoconstrictive agents, thus producing a paroxysmal-hypertensive phenotype. This may result from the lowering of cell resting K+ conductance allowing the cells to depolarize more readily to a variety of excitable stimuli. Thus, the sodium-activated potassium current may serve to moderate blood pressure in instances of heightened stress. IKNa may represent a new therapeutic target for hypertension and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
- Equal contributors
| | - Carmen M. Halabi
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
- Equal contributors
| | - Richard Stewart
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
| | - Alice Butler
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
| | - Bobbie Brown
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
| | - Xiaoming Xia
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
| | - Celia Santi
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
- Dept. of OBGYN, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
| | - Sarah England
- Dept. of OBGYN, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
| | - Juan Ferreira
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
- Dept. of OBGYN, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
| | - Lawrence Salkoff
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
- Dept. of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis. MO 63110
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Hearon CM, Dinenno FA. Escape, lysis, and feedback: endothelial modulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 45:81-86. [PMID: 31170683 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system exerts a vasoconstrictor influence over peripheral vascular beds that is counter-regulated by local vascular signaling mechanisms (i.e. sympathetic escape, sympatholysis, and myoendothelial feedback). The endothelium has emerged as a primary site for the regulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction through highly specialized cellular connections called myoendothelial projections (MEPs) that facilitate electrical coupling of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Endothelial derived hyperpolarization (EDH) via activation of IKCa channels is an important component of MEP-mediated feedback regulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction in animal models. Recent pharmacological data highlight the unique ability of EDH signaling to attenuate sympathetic vasoconstriction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hearon
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Frank A Dinenno
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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36
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Bogunovic N, Meekel JP, Micha D, Blankensteijn JD, Hordijk PL, Yeung KK. Impaired smooth muscle cell contractility as a novel concept of abdominal aortic aneurysm pathophysiology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6837. [PMID: 31048749 PMCID: PMC6497672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are associated with overall mortality rates up to 90%. Despite extensive research, mechanisms leading to AAA formation and advancement are still poorly understood. Smooth muscle cells (SMC) are predominant in the aortic medial layer and maintain the wall structure. Apoptosis of SMC is a well-known phenomenon in the pathophysiology of AAA. However, remaining SMC function is less extensively studied. The aim of this study is to assess the in vitro contractility of human AAA and non-pathologic aortic SMC. Biopsies were perioperatively harvested from AAA patients (n = 21) and controls (n = 6) and clinical data were collected. Contractility was measured using Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) upon ionomycin stimulation. Additionally, SMC of 23% (5 out of 21) of AAA patients showed impaired maximum contraction compared to controls. Also, SMC from patients who underwent open repair after earlier endovascular repair and SMC from current smokers showed decreased maximum contraction vs. controls (p = 0.050 and p = 0.030, respectively). Our application of ECIS can be used to study contractility in other vascular diseases. Finally, our study provides with first proof that impaired SMC contractility might play a role in AAA pathophysiology.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Contraction/genetics
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vimentin/genetics
- Calponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Bogunovic
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorn P Meekel
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Departments of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan D Blankensteijn
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Departments of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak K Yeung
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Departments of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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37
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Kato Y, Yokoyama U, Fujita T, Umemura M, Kubota T, Ishikawa Y. Epac1 deficiency inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell migration. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:175-184. [PMID: 30084082 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and the subsequent intimal thickening play roles in vascular restenosis. We previously reported that an exchange protein activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1) promotes platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMC migration and intimal thickening. Because basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) also plays a pivotal role in restenosis, we examined whether Epac1 was involved in bFGF-mediated VSMC migration. bFGF-induced lamellipodia formation and migration were significantly decreased in VSMCs obtained from Epac1-/- mice compared to those in Epac1+/+-VSMCs. The bFGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which play a role in bFGF-induced cell migration, was attenuated in Epac1-/--VSMCs. Intimal thickening induced by the insertion of a large wire was attenuated in Epac1-/- mice, and was accompanied by the decreased phosphorylation of GSK3β. These data suggest that Epac1 deficiency attenuates bFGF-induced VSMC migration, possibly via Akt/GSK3β pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kato
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masanari Umemura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Immunopathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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Leloup AJA, Van Hove CE, De Moudt S, De Meyer GRY, De Keulenaer GW, Fransen P. Vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation in the isolated aorta: a critical regulator of large artery compliance. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13934. [PMID: 30810292 PMCID: PMC6391714 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, isometric contraction studies of isolated thoracic aorta segments have significantly contributed to our overall understanding of the active, contractile properties of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and their cross-talk with endothelial cells. However, the physiological role of VSMC contraction or relaxation in the healthy aorta and its contribution to the pulse-smoothening capacity of the aorta is currently unclear. Therefore, we investigated the acute effects of VSMC contraction and relaxation on the isobaric biomechanical properties of healthy mouse aorta. An in-house developed set-up was used to measure isobaric stiffness parameters of periodically stretched (10 Hz) aortic segments at an extended pressure range, while pharmacologically modulating VSMC tone and endothelial cell function. We found that the effects of α1-adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine on the pressure-stiffness relationship varied in sensitivity, magnitude and direction, with the basal, unstimulated NO production by the endothelium playing a pivotal role. We also investigated how arterial disease affected this system by using the angiotensin-II-treated mouse. Our results show that isobaric stiffness was increased and that the aortic segments demonstrated a reduced capacity for modulating the pressure-stiffness relationship. This suggests that not only increased isobaric stiffness at normal pressure, but also a reduced capacity of the VSMCs to limit the pressure-associated increase in aortic stiffness, may contribute to the pathogenesis of this mouse model. Overall, this study provides more insight in how aortic VSMC tone affects the pressure-dependency of aortic biomechanics at different physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. A. Leloup
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Cor E. Van Hove
- Laboratory of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Guido R. Y. De Meyer
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Gilles W. De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen L, Wier WG, Blaustein MP. Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger overexpression in smooth muscle augments cytosolic Ca 2+ in femoral arteries of living mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H298-H310. [PMID: 30461304 PMCID: PMC6397384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00185.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger-1 (NCX1) helps regulate the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]CYT) in arterial myocytes. NCX1 mediates both Ca2+ entry and exit and tends to promote net Ca2+ entry in partially constricted arteries. Mean blood pressure (telemetry) is elevated by ≈10 mmHg in transgenic (TG) mice that overexpress NCX1 specifically in smooth muscle. We tested the hypothesis that NCX1 overexpression mediates Ca2+ gain and elevated [Ca2+]CYT in exposed femoral arteries that also express the Ca2+ biosensor exogenous myosin light chain kinase. [Ca2+]CYT and the NCX1-dependent (SEA0400-sensitive) component, ≈15% of total basal constriction in controls, were increased in TG arteries, but constrictions to phenylephrine and ANG II were comparable in TG and control arteries. Normalized phenylephrine dose-response curves and constriction to 30 and 300 ng/kg iv ANG II were virtually identical in control and TG arteries. ANG II-evoked constrictions, superimposed on elevated basal tone, accounted for the larger blood pressure responses to ANG II in TG arteries. TG and control mouse arteries fit the same pCa-constriction relationship over a wide range of pCa (≈125-500 nM). Vasodilation to acetylcholine, normalized to passive diameter, was also comparable in TG and control arteries, implying normal endothelial function. TG artery Na+ nitroprusside (nitric oxide donor)-induced dilations were, however, shifted to lower Na+ nitroprusside concentrations, indicating that TG myocyte vasodilator mechanisms were augmented. Maximum arterial dilation was comparable in TG and control mice, although passive diameter was ≈6-7% smaller in TG mice. The changes in TG arteries were apparently largely functional rather than structural, despite the congenital hypertension. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Smooth muscle Na+/Ca2+ exchanger-1 transgene overexpression (TG mice) increases femoral artery basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]CYT) and tone in vivo and raises blood pressure. Arterial constriction to phenylephrine and angiotensin II are normal but superimposed on the augmented basal [Ca2+]CYT and tone (constriction) in TG mouse arteries. Similar effects in resistance arteries would explain the elevated blood pressure. Acetylcholine-induced vasodilation is unimpaired, implying a normal endothelium, but TG arteries are hypersensitive to sodium nitroprusside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an, Shaanxi , China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - W Gil Wier
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mordecai P Blaustein
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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Mushtaq MN, Ghimire S, Akhtar MS, Adhikari A, Auger C, Schini-Kerth VB. Tambulin is a major active compound of a methanolic extract of fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum DC causing endothelium-independent relaxations in porcine coronary artery rings via the cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP relaxing pathways. Phytomedicine 2019; 53:163-170. [PMID: 30668395 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Z. armatum), belonging to Rutaceae family, has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases such as hypertension, abdominal pain, headache, fever, high altitude sickness, diarrhea, dysentery, and as a tonic, condiment, and an anthelmintic treatment. HYPOTHESIS The present study aims to evaluate the vasorelaxant effect of a methanolic extract of the fruits of Z. armatum, isolate the active components and characterize the underlying mechanism. STUDY DESIGN A methanolic extract of fruits of Z. armatum was prepared and its vasorelaxant effect was studied using porcine coronary artery rings. Thereafter, the methanolic extract was analyzed, and a major compound was isolated and its structure elucidated (tambulin). Different pharmacological tools were used to characterize the vasorelaxant effect of tambulin. RESULTS The methanolic extract and the isolated tambulin caused similar endothelium-independent relaxations of porcine coronary artery rings with and without endothelium indicating a direct relaxing effect at the vascular smooth muscle. Tambulin did not affect the relaxation curves to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators, bradykinin and the calcium ionophore A23187 in rings with endothelium. Tambulin (1 µM) slightly but significantly shifted leftwards the concentration-relaxation curve to the endothelium-independent vasodilators, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), forskolin (FC) and isoproterenol but not those to soluble guanylyl cyclase activators (YC-1 and BAY 41-2272) and K+ channel openers (levcromakalim and 1-EBIO). Pretreatment with tambulin inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, contractions to KCl, serotonin (5-HT), CaCl2 and U46619 in coronary artery rings without endothelium. Both the protein kinase A (H-89, 10 µM) and the protein kinase G (Rp-8-br-cyclic GMPS, 30 µM) inhibitors significantly reduced relaxations to tambulin in coronary artery rings without endothelium. CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that tambulin isolated from Z. armatum (fruits) is a major active principle inducing vasorelaxation through a direct effect at the vascular smooth muscle and involving both the cyclic AMP and/or cyclic GMP relaxing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq
- UMRCNRS7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sushmita Ghimire
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drugs Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- H.E.J., Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kritipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Cyril Auger
- UMRCNRS7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- UMRCNRS7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Sarker MAK, Aki S, Yoshioka K, Kuno K, Okamoto Y, Ishimaru K, Takuwa N, Takuwa Y. Class II PI3Ks α and β Are Required for Rho-Dependent Uterine Smooth Muscle Contraction and Parturition in Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:235-248. [PMID: 30476019 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β, are highly homologous and distinct from class I and class III PI3Ks in catalytic products and domain structures. In contrast to class I and class III PI3Ks, physiological roles of PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β are not fully understood. Because we previously demonstrated that PI3K-C2α is involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, we studied the phenotypes of smooth muscle-specific knockout (KO) mice of PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β. The pup numbers born from single PI3K-C2α-KO and single PI3K-C2β-KO mothers were similar to those of control mothers, but those from double KO (DKO) mothers were smaller compared with control mice. However, the number of intrauterine fetuses in pregnant DKO mothers was similar to that in control mice. Both spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contraction of isolated uterine smooth muscle (USM) strips was diminished in DKO mice but not in either of the single KO mice, compared with control mice. Furthermore, contraction of USM of DKO mice was less sensitive to a Rho kinase inhibitor. Mechanistically, the extent of oxytocin-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation was greatly reduced in USM from DKO mice compared with control mice. The oxytocin-induced rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in USM was similar in DKO and control mice. However, Rho activation in the intracellular compartment was substantially attenuated in DKO mice compared with control mice, as evaluated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging technique. These data indicate that both PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β are required for normal USM contraction and parturition mainly through their involvement in Rho activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sho Aki
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshioka
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuno
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Takuwa
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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Mantione ME, Lombardi M, Baccellieri D, Ferrara D, Castellano R, Chiesa R, Alfieri O, Foglieni C. IL-1β/MMP9 activation in primary human vascular smooth muscle-like cells: Exploring the role of TNFα and P2X7. Int J Cardiol 2018; 278:202-209. [PMID: 30583923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular smooth muscle cells exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to microenvironmental stimuli and contribute to vascular remodelling through mechanisms only partially understood. In atherosclerosis, P2X-purinoceptor7 (P2X7) has been related to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). The hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF1α) was associated to remodelling. Here the activation of IL-1β and MMP9 was studied in relationship to P2X7 and HIF1α in cells exploited from human carotid plaque and internal mammary artery. METHODS AND RESULTS Migrating cells expressed HIF1α-regulated canopy FGF-signalling regulator 2 and CD117, and led to primary cells with SMC-like phenotype (VSMC), P2X7+. We investigated in VSMC the effects of hypoxia, of treatment with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and/or with P2X7 antagonist, A740003. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that hypoxia unaffected IL-1β and down-regulated MMP9 mRNAs, without activating HIF1α. TNFα increased IL-1β mRNA via NLR Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3, with production of proIL-1β but no rise of mature IL-1β. Zymography demonstrated that A740003 triggered MMP9 secretion from VSMC. Combination of A740003 with TNFα abrogated this effect. Combination was ineffective on IL-1β activation elicited by TNFα, but down-regulated HIF1α mRNA. A740003 induced the intracellular P2X7 aggregation and differently perturbed lysosome and mitochondria network compared to TNFα. CONCLUSIONS Cells migration from human arteries leads to partially differentiated VSMC analogous to neointimal cells within atherosclerotic lesions. Down-regulated HIF1α in stimulated VSMC translates in resilience in atherosclerotic lesions. P2X7-independent partial activation of IL-1β elicited by TNFα underlines complexity of the cytokine secretion. Data also supported P2X7 as modulator of MMP9 secretion, important for atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Mantione
- Cardiovascular Research Area, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Lombardi
- Cardiovascular Research Area, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Baccellieri
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - David Ferrara
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Renata Castellano
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Ottavio Alfieri
- Cardio-thoracic-vascular Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Foglieni
- Cardiovascular Research Area, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
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Durgin BG, Straub AC. Redox control of vascular smooth muscle cell function and plasticity. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1254-1262. [PMID: 29463879 PMCID: PMC6102093 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) play a major role in vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. It has long been established in vitro that contractile SMC can phenotypically switch to function as proliferative and/or migratory cells in response to stimulation by oxidative stress, growth factors, and inflammatory cytokines. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxidative stressors implicated in driving vascular diseases, shifting cell bioenergetics, and increasing SMC proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of how disruptions to redox balance can functionally change SMC and how this may influence vascular disease pathogenesis. Specifically, we focus on our current understanding of the role of vascular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) 1, 4, and 5 in SMC function. We also review the evidence implicating mitochondrial fission in SMC phenotypic transitions and mitochondrial fusion in maintenance of SMC homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the importance of the redox regulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway as a potential oxidative and therapeutic target for regulating SMC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany G Durgin
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Coffman KE, Boeker MG, Carlson AR, Johnson BD. Age-dependent effects of thoracic and capillary blood volume distribution on pulmonary artery pressure and lung diffusing capacity. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13834. [PMID: 30175463 PMCID: PMC6119697 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling and reduced distensibility. We investigated the influence of aging on changes in cardiac output (Q), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), and lung diffusing capacity in response to alterations in thoracic blood volume. The role of pulmonary smooth muscle tone was also interrogated via pulmonary vasodilation. Nine younger (27 ± 4 years) and nine older (71 ± 4 years) healthy adults reached steady-state in a Supine (0°), Upright (+20°), or Head-down (-20°) position in order to alter thoracic blood volume. In each position, echocardiography was performed to calculate mPAP and Q, and lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and nitric oxide (DLNO) was assessed. Next, 100 mg sildenafil was administered to reduce pulmonary smooth muscle tone, after which the protocol was repeated. mPAP (P ≤ 0.029) and Q (P ≤ 0.032) were lower in the Upright versus Supine and Head-down positions, and mPAP was reduced following sildenafil administration (P = 0.019), in older adults only. SV was lower in the Upright versus Supine and Head-down positions in both younger (P ≤ 0.008) and older (P ≤ 0.003) adults. DLCO and DLNO were not greatly altered by position changes or sildenafil administration. However, the DLNO/DLCO ratio was lower in the Supine and/or Head-down positions (P ≤ 0.05), but higher following sildenafil administration (P ≤ 0.007), in both younger and older adults. In conclusion, older adults experience greater cardiopulmonary alterations following thoracic blood volume changes, and pulmonary smooth muscle tone plays a role in resting mPAP in older adults only. Furthermore, mPAP is an important determinant of pulmonary capillary blood volume distribution (DLNO/DLCO), regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex R. Carlson
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
| | - Bruce D. Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesota
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Björling K, Joseph PD, Egebjerg K, Salomonsson M, Hansen JL, Ludvigsen TP, Jensen LJ. Role of age, Rho-kinase 2 expression, and G protein-mediated signaling in the myogenic response in mouse small mesenteric arteries. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13863. [PMID: 30198176 PMCID: PMC6129776 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The myogenic response (MR) and myogenic tone (MT) in resistance vessels is crucial for maintaining peripheral vascular resistance and blood flow autoregulation. Development of MT involves G protein-coupled receptors, and may be affected by aging. AIMS (1) to estimate the mesenteric blood flow in myogenically active small mesenteric arteries; (2) to investigate the signaling from Gαq/11 and/or Gα12 activation to MT development; (3) to investigate the role of Rho-kinase 2 and aging on MT in mesenteric resistance arteries. METHODS we used pressure myography, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunolocalization to study small (<200 μm) mesenteric arteries (SMA) from young, mature adult, and middle aged mice. RESULTS Poiseuille flow calculations indicated autoregulation of blood flow at 60-120 mm Hg arterial pressure. Gαq/11 and Gα12 were abundantly expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in SMA. The Gαq/11 inhibitor YM-254890 suppressed MT development, and the Phosholipase C inhibitors U73122 and ET-18-OCH3 robustly inhibited it. We found an age-dependent increase in ROCK2 mRNA expression, and in basal MT. The specific ROCK2 inhibitor KD025 robustly inhibited MT in SMAs in all mice with an age-dependent variation in KD025 sensitivity. The inhibitory effect of KD025 was not prevented by the L-type Ca2+ channel activator BayK 8644. KD025 reversibly inhibited MT and endothelin-1 vasoconstriction in small pial arteries from Göttingen minipigs. CONCLUSIONS MT development in SMAs occurs through a Gαq/11 /PLC/Ca2+ -dependent pathway, and is maintained via ROCK2-mediated Ca2+ sensitization. Increased MT at mature adulthood can be explained by increased ROCK2 expression/activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Björling
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Philomeena D. Joseph
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kristian Egebjerg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Max Salomonsson
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
- Department of Internal MedicineTrelleborg HospitalTrelleborgSweden
| | | | | | - Lars J. Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CCopenhagenDenmark
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46
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Zhang L, Wei C, Ruan Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Lei D. Serum containing Buyang Huanwu decoction prevents age-associated migration and invasion of human vascular smooth muscle cells by up regulating SIRT1 expression. Biosci Trends 2018; 12:282-290. [PMID: 29952352 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The migration and invasion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) caused by advanced aging play an important role in diffuse intimal thickening, facilitate adverse arterial remodeling and contribute to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The inhibitory function of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) has been found on aortic intimal hyperplasia and VSMC proliferation, but its effect on age-associated migration and invasion remains unknown. Here, we used an in vitro angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced senescence model to study the effects of serum containing BYHWD (BYHWS) on the migratory and invasive capacities, matrix metalloprotease type 2 (MMP-2) expression and modulation of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) signaling in human aorta VSMCs (HA-VAMCs). Our results showed that BYHWS was able to inhibit Ang II-induced migration and invasion, with down-regulation of MMP-2. In addition, manipulation of SIRT1 by either over-expression or siRNA knockdown ameliorated or promoted cellular migration and invasion, respectively. Moreover, BYHWS reversed senescence-mediated decrease of SIRT1 levels and SIRT1 was required for BYHWS regulation on migration and invasion of senescent HA-VAMCs. In summary, our data demonstrated that BYHWS suppressed the migration and invasion of age-associated VSMC via an increase of the SIRT1 level, which provides novel insights for the therapy of age-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/drug effects
- Aging/physiology
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/physiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Senescence/drug effects
- Cellular Senescence/physiology
- Down-Regulation
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sirtuin 1/genetics
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Chunshan Wei
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yunjun Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Veterinary medicine, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Yuliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
| | - Da Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
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Takahashi Y, Watanabe R, Sato Y, Ozawa N, Kojima M, Watanabe-Kominato K, Shirai R, Sato K, Hirano T, Watanabe T. Novel phytopeptide osmotin mimics preventive effects of adiponectin on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Metabolism 2018; 83:128-138. [PMID: 29410350 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The novel phytohormone, osmotin, has been reported to act like mammalian adiponectin through PHO36/AdipoR1 in various in vitro and in vivo models. However, there have been no reports regarding the precise effects of osmotin on atherosclerosis. METHODS We assessed the atheroprotective effects of osmotin on inflammatory molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), human leukemic monocyte (THP-1) adhesion, inflammatory responses, and foam cell formation in THP-1-derived macrophages, and the migration, proliferation, and extracellular matrix expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We examined whether 4-week infusion of osmotin could suppress the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. RESULTS AdipoR1 was abundantly expressed in HUVECs, HASMCs, THP-1, and derived macrophages. Osmotin suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin in HUVECs, and TNF-α-induced THP-1-HUVEC adhesion. In THP-1-derived macrophages, osmotin suppressed the inflammatory M1 phenotype, lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of interleukin-6 and TNF-α, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation associated with CD36 and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 downregulation and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 upregulation. In HASMCs, osmotin suppressed angiotensin II-induced migration, proliferation, collagen-1 and fibronectin expression, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity without inducing apoptosis. Infusion of osmotin into ApoE-/- mice prevented the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions with reductions of intraplaque pentraxin-3 expression, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first evidence that osmotin exerts preventive effects on vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, which may facilitate the development of new therapeutic modalities for combating atherosclerosis and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Rena Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Nana Ozawa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Miho Kojima
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kaho Watanabe-Kominato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kengo Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Egorov YV, Rozenshtraukh LV. [Types of Conduction Disturbances in Pulmonary Veins]. Kardiologiia 2018; 58:37-43. [PMID: 30362435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the notion that in 60-80 % of cases the origin of the pulmonary veins (PV) is the place of origin of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become widespread. It has been shown that in this area, under the action of norepinephrine (HA), in the absence of stimulation, an intrinsic rhythm appears. Using two-channel microelectrode leads (from the mouth and distal part of the PV) in rats weighing 350-450 grams, it was found that: 1) in the distal part of PV there are cells with depolarized resting potential (RP) up to -50 mV, which under normal conditions are not excitable; 2) in 17 experiments out of 23, various blocks of excitation conduction along PV were revealed; 3) in 8 experiments out of 23, a reflected excitation wave - echo from PV - was recorded. Myocardium of PV is an extremely heterogeneous medium with a strong variance in the duration of the action potential and variable rate of conduction, which contributes to the occurrence of different types of conduction blocks and causes echoes and other rhythm disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Egorov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology
| | - L V Rozenshtraukh
- Institute of Cardiology of Russian Cardiology Scientific and Production Complex
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49
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Zhu Y, Ye P, Chen SL, Zhang DM. Functional regulation of large conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channels in vascular diseases. Metabolism 2018; 83:75-80. [PMID: 29373813 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels, the BK channels, is widely expressed in various tissues and activated in a Ca2+- and voltage-dependent manner. The activation of BK channels hyperpolarizes vascular smooth muscle cell membrane potential, resulting in vasodilation. Under pathophysiological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, impaired BK channel function exacerbates vascular vasodilation and leads to organ ischemia. The vascular BK channel is composed of 4 pore-forming subunits, BK-α together with 4 auxiliary subunits: β1 subunits (BK-β1) or γ1 subunits (BK-γ1). Recent studies have shown that down-regulation of the BK β1 subunit in diabetes mellitus induced vascular dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanism of these vascular diseases is not well understood. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms regarding BK channelopathy and the potential therapeutic targets of BK channels for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Shao-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Dai-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China.
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Koo BH, Yi BG, Wang WK, Ko IY, Hoe KL, Kwon YG, Won MH, Kim YM, Lim HK, Ryoo S. Arginase Inhibition Suppresses Native Low-Density Lipoprotein-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by NADPH Oxidase Inactivation. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:366-375. [PMID: 29611398 PMCID: PMC5889988 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.3.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL) stimulation is dependent on superoxide production from activated NADPH oxidase. The present study aimed to investigate whether the novel arginase inhibitor limonin could suppress nLDL-induced VSMC proliferation and to examine related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated VSMCs from rat aortas were treated with nLDL, and cell proliferation was measured by WST-1 and BrdU assays. NADPH oxidase activation was evaluated by lucigenin-induced chemiluminescence, and phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) βII and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was determined by western blot analysis. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed using MitoSOX-red, and intracellular L-arginine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the presence or absence of limonin. RESULTS Limonin inhibited arginase I and II activity in the uncompetitive mode, and prevented nLDL-induced VSMC proliferation in a p21Waf1/Cip1-dependent manner without affecting arginase protein levels. Limonin blocked PKCβII phosphorylation, but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and translocation of p47phox to the membrane was decreased, as was superoxide production in nLDL-stimulated VSMCs. Moreover, mitochondrial ROS generation was increased by nLDL stimulation and blocked by preincubation with limonin. Mitochondrial ROS production was responsible for the phosphorylation of PKCβII. HPLC analysis showed that arginase inhibition with limonin increases intracellular L-arginine concentrations, but decreases polyamine concentrations. L-Arginine treatment prevented PKCβII phosphorylation without affecting ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Increased L-arginine levels following limonin-dependent arginase inhibition prohibited NADPH oxidase activation in a PKCβII-dependent manner, and blocked nLDL-stimulated VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon Hyeock Koo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Bong Gu Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Wi Kwang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - In Young Ko
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kwang Lae Hoe
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Moo Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyo Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
| | - Sungwoo Ryoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
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