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Gheisari M, Nosrati S, Zare S, Dara M, Zolghadri S, Razeghian-Jahromi I. The impact of high nicotine concentrations on the viability and cardiac differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells: a barrier to regenerative therapy for smokers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1323691. [PMID: 38638529 PMCID: PMC11024539 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1323691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Current treatment methods are not successful in restoring the lost cardiomyocytes after injury. Stem cell-based strategies have attracted much attention in this regard. Smoking, as a strong cardiovascular risk factor, not only affects the cardiac cells adversely but also deteriorates the function of stem cells. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the popular candidates in cardiovascular disease (CVD) clinical trials, we investigated the impact of nicotine on the regenerative properties (viability and cardiac differentiation) of these cells. Methods: MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and characterized based on morphology, differentiation capability, and the expression of specific mesenchymal markers. The MTT assay was used to assess the viability of MSCs after being exposed to different concentrations of nicotine. Based on MTT findings and according to the concentration of nicotine in smokers' blood, the growth curve and population doubling time were investigated for eight consecutive days. Cells were treated with 5-azacytidine (an inducer of cardiac differentiation), and then the expressions of cardiac-specific markers were calculated by qPCR. Results: MSCs were spindle-shaped, capable of differentiating into adipocyte and osteocyte, and expressed CD73 and CD90. The viability of MSCs was reduced upon exposure to nicotine in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The growth curve showed that nicotine reduced the proliferation of MSCs, and treated cells needed more time to double. In addition, the expressions of GATA4 and troponin were downregulated in nicotine-treated cells on day 3. However, these two cardiac markers were overexpressed on day 7. Conclusion: Nicotine decreased normal growth and reduced the expression of cardiac markers in MSCs. This aspect is of eminent importance to smokers with cardiovascular disease who are candidates for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gheisari
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shadi Nosrati
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahintaj Dara
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
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2
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Tereshchenko Y, Esiyok N, Garea-Rodríguez E, Repetto D, Behr R, Rodríguez-Polo I. Transgene-Free Cynomolgus Monkey iPSCs Generated under Chemically Defined Conditions. Cells 2024; 13:558. [PMID: 38534402 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are pivotal animal models for translating novel cell replacement therapies into clinical applications, including validating the safety and efficacy of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived products. Preclinical development and the testing of cell-based therapies ideally comprise xenogeneic (human stem cells into NHPs) and allogenic (NHP stem cells into NHPs) transplantation studies. For the allogeneic approach, it is necessary to generate NHP-iPSCs with generally equivalent quality to the human counterparts that will be used later on in patients. Here, we report the generation and characterization of transgene- and feeder-free cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) iPSCs (Cyno-iPSCs). These novel cell lines have been generated according to a previously developed protocol for the generation of rhesus macaque, baboon, and human iPSC lines. Beyond their generation, we demonstrate the potential of the novel Cyno-iPSCs to differentiate into two clinically relevant cell types, i.e., cardiomyocytes and neurons. Overall, we provide a resource of novel iPSCs from the most frequently used NHP species in the regulatory testing of biologics and classical pharmaceutics to expand our panel of iPSC lines from NHP species with high relevance in preclinical testing and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Tereshchenko
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nesil Esiyok
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Daniele Repetto
- Charles River Laboratories Germany GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 9, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Polo
- Research Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Developmental Biology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Jiahao M, Fan Z, Junsheng M. Influence of acidic metabolic environment on differentiation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1288710. [PMID: 38572303 PMCID: PMC10987843 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1288710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based myocardial regeneration is a frontier topic in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Manipulating the metabolic microenvironment of stem cells can influence their differentiation into cardiomyocytes, which have promising clinical applications. pH is an important indicator of the metabolic environment during cardiomyocyte development. And lactate, as one of the main acidic metabolites, is a major regulator of the acidic metabolic environment during early cardiomyocyte development. Here, we summarize the progress of research into the influence of pH value and lactate on cardiomyocyte survival and differentiation, as well as related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Jiahao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Junsheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Chi C, Roland TJ, Song K. Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling: Learning from Heart Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:337. [PMID: 38543122 PMCID: PMC10975450 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a pressing public health problem and the leading cause of death worldwide. The heart is the first organ to gain function during embryogenesis in mammals. Heart development involves cell determination, expansion, migration, and crosstalk, which are orchestrated by numerous signaling pathways, such as the Wnt, TGF-β, IGF, and Retinoic acid signaling pathways. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based platforms are emerging as promising approaches for modeling heart disease in vitro. Understanding the signaling pathways that are essential for cardiac development has shed light on the molecular mechanisms of congenital heart defects and postnatal heart diseases, significantly advancing stem cell-based platforms to model heart diseases. This review summarizes signaling pathways that are crucial for heart development and discusses how these findings improve the strategies for modeling human heart disease in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwu Chi
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Truman J. Roland
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
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5
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Pu J, Kofuji S, Okamoto-Uchida Y, Danzaki K, Yu R, Suzuki A, Kitajima S, Nishina H. Lethal Phenotype-Based Database Screening Identifies Ceramide as a Negative Regulator of Primitive Streak Formation. Stem Cells 2023; 41:1142-1156. [PMID: 37819786 PMCID: PMC10722545 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In early embryogenesis, the primitive streak (PrS) generates the mesendoderm and is essential for organogenesis. However, because the PrS is a minute and transient tissue, elucidating the mechanism of its formation has been challenging. We performed comprehensive screening of 2 knockout mouse databases based on the fact that failure of PrS formation is lethal. We identified 812 genes involved in various cellular functions and responses that might be linked to PrS formation, with the category of greatest abundance being "Metabolism." In this study, we focused on genes of sphingolipid metabolism and investigated their roles in PrS formation using an in vitro mouse ES cell differentiation system. We show here that elevated intracellular ceramide negatively regulates gene expression essential for PrS formation and instead induces neurogenesis. In addition, sphingosine-1-phosphate (a ceramide derivative) positively regulates neural maturation. Our results indicate that ceramide regulates both PrS formation and the induction of neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kofuji
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Okamoto-Uchida
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Danzaki
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruoxing Yu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitajima
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Angrisano T, Varrone F, Ragozzino E, Fico A, Minchiotti G, Brancaccio M. Cripto Is Targeted by miR-1a-3p in a Mouse Model of Heart Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12251. [PMID: 37569627 PMCID: PMC10419258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During cardiac differentiation, numerous factors contribute to the development of the heart. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac development will help combat cardiovascular disorders, among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the main mechanisms, we indeed find Cripto. Cripto is found in both the syncytiotrophoblast of ampullary pregnancies and the inner cell mass along the primitive streak as the second epithelial-mesenchymal transformation event occurs to form the mesoderm and the developing myocardium. At the same time, it is now known that cardiac signaling pathways are intimately intertwined with the expression of myomiRNAs, including miR-1. This miR-1 is one of the muscle-specific miRs; aberrant expression of miR-1 plays an essential role in cardiac diseases. Given this scenario, our study aimed to evaluate the inverse correlation between Cripto and miR-1 during heart development. We used in vitro models of the heart, represented by embryoid bodies (EBs) and embryonic carcinoma cell lines derived from an embryo-derived teratocarcinoma in mice (P19 cells), respectively. First, through a luciferase assay, we demonstrated that Cripto is a target of miR-1. Following this result, we observed that as the days of differentiation increased, the Cripto gene expression decreased, while the level of miR-1 increased; furthermore, after silencing miR-1 in P19 cells, there was an increase in Cripto expression. Moreover, inducing damage with a cobra cardiotoxin (CTX) in post-differentiation cells, we noted a decreased miR-1 expression and increased Cripto. Finally, in mouse cardiac biopsies, we observed by monitoring gene expression the distribution of Cripto and miR-1 in the right and left ventricles. These results allowed us to detect an inverse correlation between miR-1 and Cripto that could represent a new pharmacological target for identifying new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Angrisano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elvira Ragozzino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 26100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Fico
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Rawat H, Kornherr J, Zawada D, Bakhshiyeva S, Kupatt C, Laugwitz KL, Bähr A, Dorn T, Moretti A, Nowak-Imialek M. Recapitulating porcine cardiac development in vitro: from expanded potential stem cell to embryo culture models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1111684. [PMID: 37261075 PMCID: PMC10227949 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) share many genetic, anatomical, and physiological traits with humans and therefore constitute an excellent preclinical animal model. Fundamental understanding of the cellular and molecular processes governing early porcine cardiogenesis is critical for developing advanced porcine models used for the study of heart diseases and new regenerative therapies. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of porcine cardiogenesis based on fetal porcine hearts at various developmental stages and cardiac cells derived from porcine expanded pluripotent stem cells (pEPSCs), i.e., stem cells having the potential to give rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissue. We notably demonstrate for the first time that pEPSCs can differentiate into cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs), functional cardiomyocytes (CMs), epicardial cells and epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) in vitro. Furthermore, we present an enhanced system for whole-embryo culture which allows continuous ex utero development of porcine post-implantation embryos from the cardiac crescent stage (ED14) up to the cardiac looping (ED17) stage. These new techniques provide a versatile platform for studying porcine cardiac development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilansi Rawat
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Kornherr
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorota Zawada
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Bakhshiyeva
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Bähr
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana Dorn
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Monika Nowak-Imialek
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Yang YS, Liu MH, Yan ZW, Chen GQ, Huang Y. FAM122A Is Required for Mesendodermal and Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2023; 41:354-367. [PMID: 36715298 PMCID: PMC10498146 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesendodermal specification and cardiac differentiation are key issues for developmental biology and heart regeneration medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that FAM122A, a highly conserved housekeeping gene, is an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and participates in multifaceted physiological and pathological processes. However, the in vivo function of FAM122A is largely unknown. In this study, we observed that Fam122 deletion resulted in embryonic lethality with severe defects of cardiovascular developments and significantly attenuated cardiac functions in conditional cardiac-specific knockout mice. More importantly, Fam122a deficiency impaired mesendodermal specification and cardiac differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells but showed no influence on pluripotent identity. Mechanical investigation revealed that the impaired differentiation potential was caused by the dysregulation of histone modification and Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways through modulation of PP2A activity. These findings suggest that FAM122A is a novel and critical regulator in mesendodermal specification and cardiac differentiation. This research not only significantly extends our understanding of the regulatory network of mesendodermal/cardiac differentiation but also proposes the potential significance of FAM122A in cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Hua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Wen Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Lino JB, Robert AW, Stimamiglio MA, de Aguiar AM. Comparative analysis of the potential of the secretomes of cardiac resident stromal cells and fibroblasts. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:196-206. [PMID: 34590780 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The secretome of different cell types has been applied on in vitro and in vivo assays, indicating considerable therapeutic potential. However, the choice of the ideal cell type and culture conditions for obtaining the best set of soluble factors, as well as the assays to assess specific effects, remain subjects of vigorous debate. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to characterize the secretomes of ventricle derived-cardiac resident stromal cells (vCRSC) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and evaluate them in an effort to understand the niche specificity of biological responses toward different cellular behaviors, such as cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation. It was interesting to note that the HDF and vCRSC secretomes were both able to induce proliferation and cardiac differentiation of H9c2 cells, as well as to increase the adhesion activity of H9c2 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Analysis of the secretome composition showed that the vCRSCs derived from different donors secreted a similar set of proteins. Despite the differences, almost half of the proteins identified in conditioned medium were common to both HDF and vCRSC. Consequently, a high number of common biological processes were identified in the secretomes of the two cell types, which could help to explain the similar results observed in the in vitro assays. We show that soluble factors secreted by both HDF and vCRSC are able to promote proliferation and differentiation of cardiomyoblasts in vitro. Our study indicates the possible use of vCRSC or HDF secretomes in acellular therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Basso Lino
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute - FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anny Waloski Robert
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute - FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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10
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Wang L, Nguyen T, Rosa-Garrido M, Zhou Y, Cleveland DC, Zhang J. Comparative analysis of the cardiomyocyte differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from human atrial or ventricular fibroblasts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1108340. [PMID: 36845191 PMCID: PMC9950567 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We had shown that cardiomyocytes (CMs) were more efficiently differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) when the hiPSCs were reprogrammed from cardiac fibroblasts rather than dermal fibroblasts or blood mononuclear cells. Here, we continued to investigate the relationship between somatic-cell lineage and hiPSC-CM production by comparing the yield and functional properties of CMs differentiated from iPSCs reprogrammed from human atrial or ventricular cardiac fibroblasts (AiPSC or ViPSC, respectively). Methods: Atrial and ventricular heart tissues were obtained from the same patient, reprogrammed into AiPSCs or ViPSCs, and then differentiated into CMs (AiPSC-CMs or ViPSC-CMs, respectively) via established protocols. Results: The time-course of expression for pluripotency genes (OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2), the early mesodermal marker Brachyury, the cardiac mesodermal markers MESP1 and Gata4, and the cardiovascular progenitor-cell transcription factor NKX2.5 were broadly similar in AiPSC-CMs and ViPSC-CMs during the differentiation protocol. Flow-cytometry analyses of cardiac troponin T expression also indicated that purity of the two differentiated hiPSC-CM populations (AiPSC-CMs: 88.23% ± 4.69%, ViPSC-CMs: 90.25% ± 4.99%) was equivalent. While the field-potential durations were significantly longer in ViPSC-CMs than in AiPSC-CMs, measurements of action potential duration, beat period, spike amplitude, conduction velocity, and peak calcium-transient amplitude did not differ significantly between the two hiPSC-CM populations. Yet, our cardiac-origin iPSC-CM showed higher ADP and conduction velocity than previously reported iPSC-CM derived from non-cardiac tissues. Transcriptomic data comparing iPSC and iPSC-CMs showed similar gene expression profiles between AiPSC-CMs and ViPSC-CMs with significant differences when compared to iPSC-CM derived from other tissues. This analysis also pointed to several genes involved in electrophysiology processes responsible for the physiological differences observed between cardiac and non-cardiac-derived cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: AiPSC and ViPSC were differentiated into CMs with equal efficiency. Detected differences in electrophysiological properties, calcium handling activity, and transcription profiles between cardiac and non-cardiac derived cardiomyocytes demonstrated that 1) tissue of origin matters to generate a better-featured iPSC-CMs, 2) the sublocation within the cardiac tissue has marginal effects on the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David C. Cleveland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Children’s Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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11
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Carton F, Casarella S, Di Francesco D, Zanella E, D'urso A, Di Nunno L, Fusaro L, Cotella D, Prat M, Follenzi A, Boccafoschi F. Cardiac Differentiation Promotes Focal Adhesions Assembly through Vinculin Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the cardiovascular system are physiologically exposed to a variety of mechanical forces fundamental for both cardiac development and functions. In this context, forces generated by actomyosin networks and those transmitted through focal adhesion (FA) complexes represent the key regulators of cellular behaviors in terms of cytoskeleton dynamism, cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and tissue organization. In this study, we investigated the involvement of FAs on cardiomyocyte differentiation. In particular, vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family, which are known to be involved in cardiac differentiation, were studied. Results revealed that differentiation conditions induce an upregulation of both FAK-Tyr397 and vinculin, resulting also in the translocation to the cell membrane. Moreover, the role of mechanical stress in contractile phenotype expression was investigated by applying a uniaxial mechanical stretching (5% substrate deformation, 1 Hz frequency). Morphological evaluation revealed that the cell shape showed a spindle shape and reoriented following the stretching direction. Substrate deformation resulted also in modification of the length and the number of vinculin-positive FAs. We can, therefore, suggest that mechanotransductive pathways, activated through FAs, are highly involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation, thus confirming their role during cytoskeleton rearrangement and cardiac myofilament maturation.
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12
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Mohammadi S, Hashemi M, Finklea FB, Lipke EA, Cremaschi S. Differentiating Engineered Tissue Images and Experimental Factors to Classify Cardiomyocyte Content. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:58-66. [PMID: 36193567 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used machine learning (ML) to classify the cardiomyocyte (CM) content on day 10 of the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-laden microspheroids using easily acquirable nondestructive phase-contrast images taken in the middle of differentiation and tunable experimental parameters. Scale-up suspension culture, use of engineered tissues to support stem cell differentiation, and CM production for improved control over cellular microenvironment in the suspension system need nondestructive methods to track engineered tissue development. The ability to couple images that capture experimenter perceived "good" or "bad" batches based on visualization at early differentiation time points with actual experimental outcomes in an unbiased way is a step toward building these methods. In recent years, ML techniques have been successfully applied to identify critical process parameters and use this information to build models that describe process outcomes in cell production and hiPSC differentiation. Building upon these successes, here, we utilize convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to build a binary classifier model for CM content on differentiation day 10 (dd10) for hiPSC-CMs. We consider two separate data sets as potential input features for the classification models. The first set includes phase-contrast images of microspheroid tissues taken on days 3 and 5 of the differentiation batches at different experimental conditions. The second set supplements the images with tunable experimental differentiation parameters, such as cell concentration and microspheroids' size. The CM content classes were sufficient and insufficient. The accuracy of the CNN classifier using images only was 63%. The addition of experimental features increased the accuracy to 85%, indicating the importance of tunable parameters in predicting CM content. Impact statement Machine learning approaches were used to predict the final cardiomyocyte (CM) content class (sufficient vs. insufficient) of engineered cardiac tissue microspheroids produced through suspension-based cardiac differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-laden engineered tissue microspheroids. The models used specified experimental features and data collected using nondestructive inexpensive methods, specifically phase-contrast images taken during the initial days of differentiation as inputs. The best model was a convolutional neural network trained using experimental features and differentiation day 5 images. It classified the CM content with 85% accuracy and replicated and formalized experimenter's visual intuition about differentiation outcomes by incorporating images from early time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Ferdous B Finklea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Selen Cremaschi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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13
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Dias TP, Pinto SN, Carvalho S, Fernandes TG, Fernandes F, Diogo MM, Peleteiro MC, Prieto M, Cabral JMS. Cost-Effective Mechanical Aggregation of Cardiac Progenitors and Encapsulation in Matrigel Support Self-Organization in a Dynamic Culture Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human iPSC-derived self-organized cardiac tissues can be valuable for the development of platforms for disease modeling and drug screening, enhancing test accuracy and reducing pharmaceutical industry financial burden. However, current differentiation systems still rely on static culture conditions and specialized commercial microwells for aggregation, which hinders the full potential of hiPSC-derived cardiac tissues. Herein, we integrate cost-effective and reproducible manual aggregation of hiPSC-derived cardiac progenitors with Matrigel encapsulation and a dynamic culture to support hiPSC cardiac differentiation and self-organization. Manual aggregation at day 7 of cardiac differentiation resulted in 97% of beating aggregates with 78% of cTnT-positive cells. Matrigel encapsulation conjugated with a dynamic culture promoted cell migration and the creation of organized structures, with observed cell polarization and the creation of lumens. In addition, encapsulation increased buoyancy and decreased coalescence of the hiPSC-derived cardiac aggregates. Moreover, VEGF supplementation increased over two-fold the percentage of CD31-positive cells resulting in the emergence of microvessel-like structures. Thus, this study shows that the explored culture parameters support the self-organization of hiPSC-derived cardiac microtissues containing multiple cardiac cell types. Additional stimuli (e.g., BMP) in long-term scalable and fully automatized cultures can further potentiate highly structured and mature hiPSC-derived cardiac models, contributing to the development of reliable platforms for high-throughput drug screening and disease modeling.
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14
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Cao X, Mircea M, Yakala GK, van den Hil FE, Brescia M, Mei H, Mummery CL, Semrau S, Orlova VV. ETV2 Upregulation Marks the Specification of Early Cardiomyocytes and Endothelial Cells During Co-differentiation. Stem Cells 2022; 41:140-152. [PMID: 36512477 PMCID: PMC9982073 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to differentiate human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) efficiently into defined cardiac lineages, such as cardiomyocytes and cardiac endothelial cells, is crucial to study human heart development and model cardiovascular diseases in vitro. The mechanisms underlying the specification of these cell types during human development are not well understood which limits fine-tuning and broader application of cardiac model systems. Here, we used the expression of ETV2, a master regulator of hematoendothelial specification in mice, to identify functionally distinct subpopulations during the co-differentiation of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs. Targeted analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data revealed differential ETV2 dynamics in the 2 lineages. A newly created fluorescent reporter line allowed us to identify early lineage-predisposed states and show that a transient ETV2-high-state initiates the specification of endothelial cells. We further demonstrated, unexpectedly, that functional cardiomyocytes can originate from progenitors expressing ETV2 at a low level. Our study thus sheds light on the in vitro differentiation dynamics of 2 important cardiac lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Mircea
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gopala Krishna Yakala
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francijna E van den Hil
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcella Brescia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Semrau
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Corresponding author: Stefan Semrau, Ph.D., Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, 2333 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. ; or, Valeria V. Orlova, Ph.D., Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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15
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Ellis ME, Harris BN, Hashemi M, Harvell BJ, Bush MZ, Hicks EE, Finklea FB, Wang EM, Nataraj R, Young NP, Turnbull IC, Lipke EA. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Encapsulation Geometry Impacts Three-Dimensional Developing Human Engineered Cardiac Tissue Functionality. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:990-1000. [PMID: 36170590 PMCID: PMC9807282 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering has been working to alleviate the immense burden of cardiovascular disease for several decades. To improve cardiac tissue homogeneity and cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation, in this study, we investigated altering initial encapsulation geometry in a three-dimensional (3D) direct cardiac differentiation platform. Traditional engineered cardiac tissue production utilizes predifferentiated CMs to produce 3D cardiac tissue and often involves various cell selection and exogenous stimulation methods to promote CM maturation. Starting tissue formation directly with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), rather than predifferentiated CMs, simplifies the engineered cardiac tissue formation process, making it more applicable for widespread implementation and scale-up. In this study, hiPSCs were encapsulated in poly (ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen in three tissue geometries (disc-shaped microislands, squares, and rectangles) and subjected to established cardiac differentiation protocols. Resulting 3D engineered cardiac tissues (3D-ECTs) from each geometry displayed similar CM populations (∼65%) and gene expression over time. Notably, rectangular tissues displayed less tissue heterogeneity and suggested more advanced features of maturing CMs, including myofibrillar alignment and Z-line formation. In addition, rectangular tissue showed significantly higher anisotropic contractile properties compared to square and microisland tissues (MI 0.28 ± 0.03, SQ 0.35 ± 0.05, RT 0.79 ± 0.04). This study demonstrates a straightforward method for simplifying and improving 3D-ECT production without the use of exogenous mechanical or electrical pacing and has the potential to be utilized in bioprinting and drug testing applications. Impact statement Current methods for improving cardiac maturation postdifferentiation remain tedious and complex. In this study, we examined the impact of initial encapsulation geometry on improvement of three-dimensional engineered cardiac tissue (3D-ECT) production and postdifferentiation maturation for three tissue geometries, including disc-shaped microislands, squares, and rectangles. Notably, rectangular 3D-ECTs displayed less tissue heterogeneity and more advanced features of maturing cardiomyocytes, including myofibrillar alignment, Z-line formation, and anisotropic contractile properties, compared to microisland and square tissues. This study demonstrates an initial human induced pluripotent stem cell-encapsulated rectangular tissue geometry can improve cardiac maturation, rather than implementing cell selection or tedious postdifferentiation manipulation, including exogenous mechanical and/or electrical pacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Bryana N. Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - B. Justin Harvell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Michaela Z. Bush
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Emma E. Hicks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ferdous B. Finklea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Eric M. Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ravikiran Nataraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Nathan P. Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Irene C. Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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16
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Li J, Wiesinger A, Fokkert L, Boukens BJ, Verkerk AO, Christoffels VM, Boink GJ, Devalla HD. Molecular and electrophysiological evaluation of human cardiomyocyte subtypes to facilitate generation of composite cardiac models. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221127908. [PMID: 36277058 PMCID: PMC9583221 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221127908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paucity of physiologically relevant cardiac models has limited the widespread application of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes in drug development. Here, we performed comprehensive characterization of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte subtypes from 2D and 3D cultures and established a novel 3D model to study impulse initiation and propagation. Directed differentiation approaches were used to generate sinoatrial nodal (SANCM), atrial (ACM) and ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCM). Single cell RNA sequencing established that the protocols yield distinct cell populations in line with expected identities, which was also confirmed by electrophysiological characterization. In 3D EHT cultures of all subtypes, we observed prominent expression of stretch-responsive genes such as NPPA. Response to rate modulating drugs noradrenaline, carbachol and ivabradine were comparable in single cells and EHTs. Differences in the speed of impulse propagation between the subtypes were more pronounced in EHTs compared with 2D monolayers owing to a progressive increase in conduction velocities in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes, in line with a more mature phenotype. In a novel binary EHT model of pacemaker-atrial interface, the SANCM end of the tissue consistently paced the EHTs under baseline conditions, which was inhibited by ivabradine. Taken together, our data provide comprehensive insights into molecular and electrophysiological properties of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte subtypes, facilitating the creation of next generation composite cardiac models for drug discovery, disease modeling and cell-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuru Li
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Wiesinger
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Lianne Fokkert
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J. Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Department of Experimental Cardiology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Vincent M. Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Gerard J.J. Boink
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam
University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Harsha D. Devalla
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Harsha D Devalla, Department of Medical
Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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17
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Wiesinger A, Li J, Fokkert L, Bakker P, Verkerk AO, Christoffels VM, Boink GJJ, Devalla HD. A single cell transcriptional roadmap of human pacemaker cell differentiation. eLife 2022; 11:76781. [PMID: 36217819 PMCID: PMC9553210 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Each heartbeat is triggered by the sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the heart. Studies in animal models have revealed that pacemaker cells share a common progenitor with the (pro)epicardium, and that the pacemaker cardiomyocytes further diversify into ‘transitional’, ‘tail’, and ‘head’ subtypes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially of human pacemaker cell development, are poorly understood. Here, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and trajectory inference on human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiating to SAN-like cardiomyocytes (SANCMs) to construct a roadmap of transcriptional changes and lineage decisions. In differentiated SANCM, we identified distinct clusters that closely resemble different subpopulations of the in vivo SAN. Moreover, the presence of a side population of proepicardial cells suggested their shared ontogeny with SANCM, as also reported in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the divergence of SANCM and proepicardial lineages is determined by WNT signaling. Furthermore, we uncovered roles for TGFβ and WNT signaling in the branching of transitional and head SANCM subtypes, respectively. These findings provide new insights into the molecular processes involved in human pacemaker cell differentiation, opening new avenues for complex disease modeling in vitro and inform approaches for cell therapy-based regeneration of the SAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wiesinger
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jiuru Li
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lianne Fokkert
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Priscilla Bakker
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerard J J Boink
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Minter-Dykhouse K, Nelson TJ, Folmes CD. Uncoupling of Proliferative Capacity from Developmental Stage During Directed Cardiac Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:521-528. [PMID: 35726436 PMCID: PMC9641990 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage-specific differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into cardiomyocytes (CMs) offers a patient-specific model to dissect development and disease pathogenesis in a dish. However, challenges exist with this model system, such as the relative immaturity of iPSC-derived CMs, which evoke the question of whether this model faithfully recapitulates in vivo cardiac development. As in vivo cardiac developmental stage is intimately linked with the proliferative capacity (or maturation is inversely correlated to proliferative capacity), we sought to understand how proliferation is regulated during hiPSC CM differentiation and how it compares with in vivo mouse cardiac development. Using standard Chemically Defined Media 3 differentiation, gene expression profiles demonstrate that hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) do not progress past the equivalent of embryonic day 14.5 of murine cardiac development. Throughout differentiation, overall DNA synthesis rapidly declines with <5% of hiPSC-CMs actively synthesizing DNA at the end of the differentiation period despite their immaturity. Bivariate cell cycle analysis demonstrated that hiPSC-CMs have a cell cycle profile distinct from their non-cardiac counterparts from the same differentiation, with significantly fewer cells within G1 and a marked accumulation of cells in G2/M than their non-cardiac counterparts throughout differentiation. Pulse-chase analysis demonstrated that non-cardiac cells progressed completely through the cell cycle within a 24-h period, whereas hiPSC-CMs had restricted progression with only a small proportion of cells undergoing cytokinesis with the remainder stalling in late S-phase or G2/M. This cell cycle arrest phenotype is associated with abbreviated expression of cell cycle promoting genes compared with expression throughout murine embryonic cardiac development. In summary, directed differentiation of hiPSCs into CMs uncouples the developmental stage from cell cycle regulation compared with in vivo mouse cardiac development, leading to a premature exit of hiPSC-CMs from the cell cycle despite their relative immaturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Minter-Dykhouse
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Timothy J. Nelson
- Todd and Karen Wanek Family Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Departments of General Internal Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Clifford D.L. Folmes
- Address correspondence to: Clifford D. L. Folmes, PhD, Stem Cell and Regenerative Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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19
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Zhang J, Gregorich ZR, Tao R, Kim GC, Lalit PA, Carvalho JL, Markandeya Y, Mosher DF, Palecek SP, Kamp TJ. Cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells using defined extracellular matrix proteins reveals essential role of fibronectin. eLife 2022; 11:69028. [PMID: 35758861 PMCID: PMC9236614 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research and therapeutic applications using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) require robust differentiation strategies. Efforts to improve hPSC-CM differentiation have largely overlooked the role of extracellular matrix (ECM). The present study investigates the ability of defined ECM proteins to promote hPSC cardiac differentiation. Fibronectin (FN), laminin-111, and laminin-521 enabled hPSCs to attach and expand. However, only addition of FN promoted cardiac differentiation in response to growth factors Activin A, BMP4, and bFGF in contrast to the inhibition produced by laminin-111 or laminin-521. hPSCs in culture produced endogenous FN which accumulated in the ECM to a critical level necessary for effective cardiac differentiation. Inducible shRNA knockdown of FN prevented Brachyury+ mesoderm formation and subsequent hPSC-CM generation. Antibodies blocking FN binding integrins α4β1 or αVβ1, but not α5β1, inhibited cardiac differentiation. Furthermore, inhibition of integrin-linked kinase led to a decrease in phosphorylated AKT, which was associated with increased apoptosis and inhibition of cardiac differentiation. These results provide new insights into defined matrices for culture of hPSCs that enable production of FN-enriched ECM which is essential for mesoderm formation and efficient cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Zachery R Gregorich
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Gina C Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Pratik A Lalit
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Juliana L Carvalho
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Department of Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Yogananda Markandeya
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
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20
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Sinniah E, Wu Z, Shen S, Naval-Sanchez M, Chen X, Lim J, Helfer A, Iyer A, Tng J, Lucke AJ, Reid RC, Redd MA, Nefzger CM, Fairlie DP, Palpant NJ. Temporal perturbation of histone deacetylase activity reveals a requirement for HDAC1-3 in mesendoderm cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110818. [PMID: 35584683 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of enzymes that control chromatin state and influence cell fate. We evaluated the chromatin accessibility and transcriptome dynamics of zinc-containing HDACs during cell differentiation in vitro coupled with chemical perturbation to identify the role of HDACs in mesendoderm cell fate specification. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of HDAC expression during human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation in vitro and mouse gastrulation in vivo reveal a unique association of HDAC1 and -3 with mesendoderm gene programs during exit from pluripotency. Functional perturbation with small molecules reveals that inhibition of HDAC1 and -3, but not HDAC2, induces mesoderm while impeding endoderm and early cardiac progenitor specification. These data identify unique biological functions of the structurally homologous enzymes HDAC1-3 in influencing hPSC differentiation from pluripotency toward mesendodermal and cardiac progenitor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enakshi Sinniah
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhixuan Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie Shen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marina Naval-Sanchez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abbigail Helfer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jiahui Tng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lucke
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert C Reid
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Meredith A Redd
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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21
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Gao L, Li X, Tan R, Cui J, Schmull S. Human-derived decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold incorporating autologous bone marrow stem cells from patients with congenital heart disease for cardiac tissue engineering. Biomed Mater Eng 2022; 33:407-421. [PMID: 35180106 DOI: 10.3233/bme-211368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells are used as an alternative treatment option for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) due to their regenerative potential, but they are subject to low retention rate in the injured myocardium. Also, the diseased microenvironment in the injured myocardium may not provide healthy cues for optimal stem cell function. OBJECTIVE In this study, we prepared a novel human-derived cardiac scaffold to improve the functional behaviors of stem cells. METHODS Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds were fabricated by removing cells of human-derived cardiac appendage tissues. Then, bone marrow c-kit+ progenitor cells from patients with congenital heart disease were seeded on the cardiac ECM scaffolds. Cell adhesion, survival, proliferation and cardiac differentiation on human cardiac decellularized ECM scaffold were evaluated in vitro. Label-free mass spectrometry was applied to analyze cardiac ECM proteins regulating cell behaviors. RESULTS It was shown that cardiac ECM scaffolds promoted stem cell adhesion and proliferation. Importantly, bone marrow c-kit+ progenitor cells cultured on cardiac ECM scaffold for 14 days differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells without supplement with any inducible factors, as confirmed by the increased protein level of Gata4 and upregulated gene levels of Gata4, Nkx2.5, and cTnT. Proteomic analysis showed the proteins in cardiac ECM functioned in multiple biological activities, including regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell differentiation, and cardiovascular system development. CONCLUSION The human-derived cardiac scaffold constructed in this study may help repair the damaged myocardium and hold great potential for tissue engineering application in pediatric patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gao
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experiment Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuexia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rubin Tan
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experiment Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experiment Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sebastian Schmull
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Chen L, Hassani Nia F, Stauber T. Ion Channels and Transporters in Muscle Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13615. [PMID: 34948411 PMCID: PMC8703453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on ion channels in muscle tissues have mainly focused on physiological muscle function and related disorders, but emerging evidence supports a critical role of ion channels and transporters in developmental processes, such as controlling the myogenic commitment of stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of ion channels and transporters that influence skeletal muscle myoblast differentiation, cardiac differentiation from pluripotent stem cells, as well as vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. We highlight examples of model organisms or patients with mutations in ion channels. Furthermore, a potential underlying molecular mechanism involving hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential and a series of calcium signaling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingye Chen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fatemeh Hassani Nia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
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23
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Raad FS, Khan TA, Esser TU, Hudson JE, Seth BI, Fujita B, Gandamala R, Tietze LF, Zimmermann WH. Chalcone-Supported Cardiac Mesoderm Induction in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Heart Muscle Engineering. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3300-3305. [PMID: 34309224 PMCID: PMC8597156 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for applications in cell therapy and drug screening in the cardiovascular field. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is key for early cardiac mesoderm induction in hPSC and subsequent cardiomyocyte derivation. Small-molecular BMP4 mimetics may help to standardize cardiomyocyte derivation from hPSCs. Based on observations that chalcones can stimulate BMP4 signaling pathways, we hypothesized their utility in cardiac mesoderm induction. To test this, we set up a two-tiered screening strategy, (1) for directed differentiation of hPSCs with commercially available chalcones (4'-hydroxychalcone [4'HC] and Isoliquiritigen) and 24 newly synthesized chalcone derivatives, and (2) a functional screen to assess the propensity of the obtained cardiomyocytes to self-organize into contractile engineered human myocardium (EHM). We identified 4'HC, 4-fluoro-4'-methoxychalcone, and 4-fluoro-4'-hydroxychalcone as similarly effective in cardiac mesoderm induction, but only 4'HC as an effective replacement for BMP4 in the derivation of contractile EHM-forming cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah S. Raad
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Taukeer A. Khan
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Tilman U. Esser
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - James E. Hudson
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Bhakti Irene Seth
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Buntaro Fujita
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Ravi Gandamala
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz F. Tietze
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)Georg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP)GöttingenGermany
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24
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Carpena NT, Chang SY, Choi JE, Jung JY, Lee MY. Wnt Modulation Enhances Otic Differentiation by Facilitating the Enucleation Process but Develops Unnecessary Cardiac Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10306. [PMID: 34638648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Otic organoids have the potential to resolve current challenges in hearing loss research. The reproduction of the delicate and complex structure of the mammalian cochlea using organoids requires high efficiency and specificity. Recent attempts to strengthen otic organoids have focused on the effects of the Wnt signaling pathway on stem cell differentiation. One important aspect of this is the evaluation of undesirable effects of differentiation after Wnt activation. In the present study, we differentiated mouse embryonic stem cell embryoid bodies (EB) into otic organoids and observed two morphologies with different cell fates. EBs that underwent a core ejection process, or ‘enucleation,’ were similar to previously reported inner ear organoids. Meanwhile, EBs that retained their core demonstrated features characteristic of neural organoids. The application of a Wnt agonist during the maturation phase increased enucleation, as well as otic organoid formation, in turn leading to sensory hair cell-like cell generation. However, with a longer incubation period, Wnt activation also led to EBs with ‘beating’ organoids that exhibited spontaneous movement. This observation emphasizes the necessity of optimizing Wnt enhancement for the differentiation of specific cells, such as those found in the inner ear.
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25
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Jang JH, Kim MS, Antao AM, Jo WJ, Kim HJ, Kim SJ, Choi MJ, Ramakrishna S, Kim KS. Bioactive Lipid O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate Promotes Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes via ALK3/BMPR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137015. [PMID: 34209900 PMCID: PMC8267745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult human cardiomyocytes have an extremely limited proliferative capacity, which poses a great barrier to regenerative medicine and research. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been proposed as an alternative source to generate large numbers of clinical grade cardiomyocytes (CMs) that can have potential therapeutic applications to treat cardiac diseases. Previous studies have shown that bioactive lipids are involved in diverse cellular responses including cardiogenesis. In this study, we explored the novel function of the chemically synthesized bioactive lipid O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (cP1P) as an inducer of cardiac differentiation. Here, we identified cP1P as a novel factor that significantly enhances the differentiation potential of hESCs into cardiomyocytes. Treatment with cP1P augments the beating colony number and contracting area of CMs. Furthermore, we elucidated the molecular mechanism of cP1P regulating SMAD1/5/8 signaling via the ALK3/BMP receptor cascade during cardiac differentiation. Our result provides a new insight for cP1P usage to improve the quality of CM differentiation for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Min-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Won-Jun Jo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyung-Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Axceso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Yongin 16914, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (M.-J.C.)
| | - Myeong-Jun Choi
- Axceso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Yongin 16914, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (M.-J.C.)
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: or (S.R.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (M.-S.K.); (A.M.A.); (W.-J.J.); (H.-J.K.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: or (S.R.); (K.-S.K.)
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26
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Gerbin KA, Grancharova T, Donovan-Maiye RM, Hendershott MC, Anderson HG, Brown JM, Chen J, Dinh SQ, Gehring JL, Johnson GR, Lee H, Nath A, Nelson AM, Sluzewski MF, Viana MP, Yan C, Zaunbrecher RJ, Cordes Metzler KR, Gaudreault N, Knijnenburg TA, Rafelski SM, Theriot JA, Gunawardane RN. Cell states beyond transcriptomics: Integrating structural organization and gene expression in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Syst 2021; 12:670-687.e10. [PMID: 34043964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although some cell types may be defined anatomically or by physiological function, a rigorous definition of cell state remains elusive. Here, we develop a quantitative, imaging-based platform for the systematic and automated classification of subcellular organization in single cells. We use this platform to quantify subcellular organization and gene expression in >30,000 individual human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, producing a publicly available dataset that describes the population distributions of local and global sarcomere organization, mRNA abundance, and correlations between these traits. While the mRNA abundance of some phenotypically important genes correlates with subcellular organization (e.g., the beta-myosin heavy chain, MYH7), these two cellular metrics are heterogeneous and often uncorrelated, which suggests that gene expression alone is not sufficient to classify cell states. Instead, we posit that cell state should be defined by observing full distributions of quantitative, multidimensional traits in single cells that also account for space, time, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaytlyn A Gerbin
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tanya Grancharova
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Helen G Anderson
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jackson M Brown
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Q Dinh
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jamie L Gehring
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory R Johnson
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - HyeonWoo Lee
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aditya Nath
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - M Filip Sluzewski
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matheus P Viana
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Calysta Yan
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julie A Theriot
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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27
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Inácio JM, von Gilsa Lopes J, Silva AM, Cristo F, Marques S, Futschik ME, Belo JA. DAND5 Inactivation Enhances Cardiac Differentiation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629430. [PMID: 33928078 PMCID: PMC8078107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the clues of a regenerative mechanism for the mammalian adult heart would save millions of lives in the near future. Heart failure due to cardiomyocyte loss is still one of the significant health burdens worldwide. Here, we show the potential of a single molecule, DAND5, in mouse pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes specification and proliferation. Dand5 loss-of-function generated the double of cardiac beating foci compared to the wild-type cells. The early formation of cardiac progenitor cells and the increased proliferative capacity of Dand5 KO mESC-derived cardiomyocytes contribute to the observed higher number of derived cardiac cells. Transcriptional profiling sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR assays showed an upregulation of early cardiac gene networks governing cardiomyocyte differentiation, cell cycling, and cardiac regenerative pathways but reduced levels of genes involved in cardiomyocyte maturation. These findings prompt DAND5 as a key driver for the generation and expansion of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes systems with further clinical application purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Inácio
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João von Gilsa Lopes
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Silva
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cristo
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Marques
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matthias E Futschik
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Medical School, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - José António Belo
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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28
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Lee CS, Cho HJ, Lee JW, Son H, Chai J, Kim HS. Adhesion GPCR Latrophilin-2 Specifies Cardiac Lineage Commitment through CDK5, Src, and P38MAPK. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:868-882. [PMID: 33798451 PMCID: PMC8072181 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying lineage-specific markers is pivotal for understanding developmental processes and developing cell therapies. Here, we investigated the functioning of a cardiomyogenic cell-surface marker, latrophilin-2 (LPHN2), an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, in cardiac differentiation. LPHN2 was selectively expressed in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and cardiomyocytes (CMCs) during mouse and human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation; cell sorting with an anti-LPHN2 antibody promoted the isolation of populations highly enriched in CPCs and CMCs. Lphn2 knockdown or knockout PSCs did not express cardiac genes. We used the Phospho Explorer Antibody Array, which encompasses nearly all known signaling pathways, to assess molecular mechanisms underlying LPHN2-induced cardiac differentiation. LPHN2-dependent phosphorylation was the strongest for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) at Tyr15. We identified CDK5, Src, and P38MAPK as key downstream molecules of LPHN2 signaling. These findings provide a valuable strategy for isolating CPCs and CMCs from PSCs and insights into the still-unknown cardiac differentiation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJu Son
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chai
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Abstract
The adult heart has a limited capacity to replace or regenerate damaged cardiac tissue following severe myocardial injury. Thus, therapies facilitating the induction of cardiac regeneration holds great promise for the treatment of end-stage heart failure, and for pathologies invoking severe cardiac dysfunction as a result of cardiomyocyte death. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that cardiac regeneration can be achieved through modulation and/or reprogramming of cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, and survival signaling. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are reported to play critical roles in regulating key aspects of cardiomyocyte physiologic and pathologic signaling, including the regulation of cardiac regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will explore and detail the current understanding of ncRNA function in cardiac regeneration, and highlight established and novel strategies for the treatment of heart failure through modulation of ncRNAs-driven cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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30
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Barisón MJ, Pereira IT, Waloski Robert A, Dallagiovanna B. Reorganization of Metabolism during Cardiomyogenesis Implies Time-Specific Signaling Pathway Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1330. [PMID: 33572750 PMCID: PMC7869011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cell differentiation process involves the characterization of signaling and regulatory pathways. The coordinated action involved in multilevel regulation determines the commitment of stem cells and their differentiation into a specific cell lineage. Cellular metabolism plays a relevant role in modulating the expression of genes, which act as sensors of the extra-and intracellular environment. In this work, we analyzed mRNAs associated with polysomes by focusing on the expression profile of metabolism-related genes during the cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We compared different time points during cardiac differentiation (pluripotency, embryoid body aggregation, cardiac mesoderm, cardiac progenitor and cardiomyocyte) and showed the immature cell profile of energy metabolism. Highly regulated canonical pathways are thoroughly discussed, such as those involved in metabolic signaling and lipid homeostasis. We reveal the critical relevance of retinoic X receptor (RXR) heterodimers in upstream retinoic acid metabolism and their relationship with thyroid hormone signaling. Additionally, we highlight the importance of lipid homeostasis and extracellular matrix component biosynthesis during cardiomyogenesis, providing new insights into how hESCs reorganize their metabolism during in vitro cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Dallagiovanna
- Basic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas-FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba, PR 81350-010, Brazil; (M.J.B.); (I.T.P.); (A.W.R.)
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31
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de Leeuw VC, van Oostrom CTM, Imholz S, Piersma AH, Hessel EVS, Dollé MET. Going Back and Forth: Episomal Vector Reprogramming of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Subsequent Differentiation into Cardiomyocytes and Neuron-Astrocyte Co-cultures. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:300-310. [PMID: 33146557 PMCID: PMC7757589 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can capture the diversity in the general human population as well as provide deeper insight in cellular mechanisms. This makes them suitable to study both fundamental and applied research subjects, such as disease modeling, gene-environment interactions, personalized medicine, and chemical toxicity. In an independent laboratory, we were able to generate iPSCs originating from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells according to a modified version of a temporal episomal vector (EV)-based induction method. The iPSCs could subsequently be differentiated into two different lineages: mesoderm-derived cardiomyocytes and ectoderm-derived neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. It was shown that the neuron-astrocyte culture developed a mature phenotype within the course of five weeks and depending on the medium composition, network formation and neuron-astrocyte cell ratios could be modified. Although previously it has been described that iPSCs generated with this EV-based induction protocol could differentiate to mesenchymal stem cells, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, and basic neuronal cultures, we now demonstrate differentiation into a culture containing both neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C de Leeuw
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Conny T M van Oostrom
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Imholz
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen V S Hessel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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32
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Mikryukov AA, Mazine A, Wei B, Yang D, Miao Y, Gu M, Keller GM. BMP10 Signaling Promotes the Development of Endocardial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Progenitors. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 28:96-111.e7. [PMID: 33142114 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic endocardium is essential for early heart development as it functions to induce trabecular myocardium, the first heart tissue to form, and is the source of the cells that make up the valves and a portion of the coronary vasculature. With this potential, human endocardial cells could provide unique therapeutic opportunities that include engineering biological valves and cell-based therapy strategies to replace coronary vasculature in damaged hearts. To access human endocardial cells, we generated a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived endothelial population that displays many characteristics of endocardium, including expression of the cohort of genes that identifies this lineage in vivo, the capacity to induce a trabecular fate in immature cardiomyocytes in vitro, and the ability to undergo an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Analyses of the signaling pathways required for development of the hPSC-derived endocardial cells identified a novel role for BMP10 in the specification of this lineage from cardiovascular mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amine Mazine
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Bei Wei
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donghe Yang
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Yifei Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
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33
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Venkatesh S, Baljinnyam E, Tong M, Kashihara T, Yan L, Liu T, Li H, Xie LH, Nakamura M, Oka SI, Suzuki CK, Fraidenraich D, Sadoshima J. Proteomic analysis of mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 320:R547-R562. [PMID: 33112656 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00207.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play key roles in the differentiation and maturation of human cardiomyocytes (CMs). As human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) hold potential in the treatment of heart diseases, we sought to identify key mitochondrial pathways and regulators, which may provide targets for improving cardiac differentiation and maturation. Proteomic analysis was performed on enriched mitochondrial protein extracts isolated from hiPSC-CMs differentiated from dermal fibroblasts (dFCM) and cardiac fibroblasts (cFCM) at time points between 12 and 115 days of differentiation, and from adult and neonatal mouse hearts. Mitochondrial proteins with a twofold change at time points up to 120 days relative to 12 days were subjected to ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). The highest upregulation was in metabolic pathways for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation. The top upstream regulators predicted to be activated were peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC1-α), the insulin receptor (IR), and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb1) transcriptional repressor. IPA and immunoblotting showed upregulation of the mitochondrial LonP1 protease-a regulator of mitochondrial proteostasis, energetics, and metabolism. LonP1 knockdown increased FAO in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (nRVMs). Our results support the notion that LonP1 upregulation negatively regulates FAO in cardiomyocytes to calibrate the flux between glucose and fatty acid oxidation. We discuss potential mechanisms by which IR, Rb1, and LonP1 regulate the metabolic shift from glycolysis to OXPHOS and FAO. These newly identified factors and pathways may help in optimizing the maturation of iPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Erdene Baljinnyam
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Mingming Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Toshihide Kashihara
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Lin Yan
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Tong Liu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Shin-Ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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34
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Jiang L, Liang J, Huang W, Wu Z, Paul C, Wang Y. Strategies and Challenges to Improve Cellular Programming-Based Approaches for Heart Regeneration Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7662. [PMID: 33081233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited adult cardiac cell proliferation after cardiovascular disease, such as heart failure, hampers regeneration, resulting in a major loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) at the site of injury. Recent studies in cellular reprogramming approaches have provided the opportunity to improve upon previous techniques used to regenerate damaged heart. Using these approaches, new CMs can be regenerated from differentiation of iPSCs (similar to embryonic stem cells), the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts [induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs)], or induced cardiac progenitors. Although these CMs have been shown to functionally repair infarcted heart, advancements in technology are still in the early stages of development in research laboratories. In this review, reprogramming-based approaches for generating CMs are briefly introduced and reviewed, and the challenges (including low efficiency, functional maturity, and safety issues) that hinder further translation of these approaches into a clinical setting are discussed. The creative and combined optimal methods to address these challenges are also summarized, with optimism that further investigation into tissue engineering, cardiac development signaling, and epigenetic mechanisms will help to establish methods that improve cell-reprogramming approaches for heart regeneration.
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35
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Park SE, Yeon GB, Goo HG, Seo DS, Dayem AA, Lee KE, Park HM, Cho SG, Kim DS. Maintenance and differentiation of human ES cells on polyvinylidene fluoride scaffolds immobilized with a vitronectin-derived peptide. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3510-3520. [PMID: 33090499 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is biocompatible, easy to fabricate, and has piezoelectric properties; it has been used for many biomedical applications including stem cell engineering. However, long-term cultivation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their differentiation toward cardiac lineages on PVDF have not been investigated. Herein, PVDF nanoscaled membrane scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning; a vitronectin-derived peptide-mussel adhesive protein fusion (VNm) was immobilized on the scaffolds. hESCs cultured on the VNm-coated PVDF scaffold (VNm-PVDF scaffold) were stably expanded for more than 10 passages while maintaining the expression of pluripotency markers and genomic integrity. Under cardiac differentiation conditions, hESCs on the VNm-PVDF scaffold generated more spontaneously beating colonies and showed the upregulation of cardiac-related genes, compared with those cultured on Matrigel and VNm alone. Thus, VNm-PVDF scaffolds may be suitable for the long-term culture of hESCs and their differentiation into cardiac cells, thus expanding their application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Park
- AMO Lifescience Co., Ltd., Seoul, Seocho-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Bum Yeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Gwan Goo
- AMO Lifescience Co., Ltd., Seoul, Seocho-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Seo
- AMO Lifescience Co., Ltd., Seoul, Seocho-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed A Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advance Analysis Center, Korean Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mee Park
- Advance Analysis Center, Korean Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Reprogramming Center (MCRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Guro-gu, Republic of Korea
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36
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Pagliarosi O, Picchio V, Chimenti I, Messina E, Gaetani R. Building an Artificial Cardiac Microenvironment: A Focus on the Extracellular Matrix. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:559032. [PMID: 33015056 PMCID: PMC7500153 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.559032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased knowledge in cell signals and stem cell differentiation, together with the development of new technologies, such as 3D bioprinting, has made the generation of artificial tissues more feasible for in vitro studies and in vivo applications. In the human body, cell fate, function, and survival are determined by the microenvironment, a rich and complex network composed of extracellular matrix (ECM), different cell types, and soluble factors. They all interconnect and communicate, receiving and sending signals, modulating and responding to cues. In the cardiovascular field, the culture of stem cells in vitro and their differentiation into cardiac phenotypes is well established, although differentiated cardiomyocytes often lack the functional maturation and structural organization typical of the adult myocardium. The recreation of an artificial microenvironment as similar as possible to the native tissue, though, has been shown to partly overcome these limitations, and can be obtained through the proper combination of ECM molecules, different cell types, bioavailability of growth factors (GFs), as well as appropriate mechanical and geometrical stimuli. This review will focus on the role of the ECM in the regulation of cardiac differentiation, will provide new insights on the role of supporting cells in the generation of 3D artificial tissues, and will also present a selection of the latest approaches to recreate a cardiac microenvironment in vitro through 3D bioprinting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Pagliarosi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Maternal, Infantile, and Urological Sciences, "Umberto I" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Gaetani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Bioengineering, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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37
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Gaggi G, Di Credico A, Izzicupo P, Sancilio S, Di Mauro M, Iannetti G, Dolci S, Amabile G, Di Baldassarre A, Ghinassi B. Decellularized Extracellular Matrices and Cardiac Differentiation: Study on Human Amniotic Fluid-Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6317. [PMID: 32878275 PMCID: PMC7504221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy with a variety of stem populations is increasingly being investigated as a promising regenerative strategy for cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Their combination with adequate scaffolds represents an improved therapeutic approach. Recently, several biomaterials were investigated as scaffolds for CV tissue repair, with decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs) arousing increasing interest for cardiac tissue engineering applications. The aim of this study was to analyze whether dECMs support the cardiac differentiation of CardiopoieticAF stem cells. These perinatal stem cells, which can be easily isolated without ethical or safety limitations, display a high cardiac differentiative potential. Differentiation was previously achieved by culturing them on Matrigel, but this 3D scaffold is not transplantable. The identification of a new transplantable scaffold able to support CardiopoieticAF stem cell cardiac differentiation is pivotal prior to encouraging translation of in vitro studies in animal model preclinical investigations. Our data demonstrated that decellularized extracellular matrices already used in cardiac surgery (the porcine CorTMPATCH and the equine MatrixPatchTM) can efficiently support the proliferation and cardiac differentiation of CardiopoieticAF stem cells and represent a useful cellular scaffold to be transplanted with stem cells in animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gaggi
- Haman Anatomy and Cell Differentiation Lab, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (A.D.C.); (P.I.); (S.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Andrea Di Credico
- Haman Anatomy and Cell Differentiation Lab, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (A.D.C.); (P.I.); (S.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Haman Anatomy and Cell Differentiation Lab, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (A.D.C.); (P.I.); (S.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Silvia Sancilio
- Haman Anatomy and Cell Differentiation Lab, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (A.D.C.); (P.I.); (S.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Michele Di Mauro
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), 6202 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Susanna Dolci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Haman Anatomy and Cell Differentiation Lab, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (A.D.C.); (P.I.); (S.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Haman Anatomy and Cell Differentiation Lab, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (A.D.C.); (P.I.); (S.S.); (A.D.B.)
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38
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Stefanovic S, Laforest B, Desvignes JP, Lescroart F, Argiro L, Maurel-Zaffran C, Salgado D, Plaindoux E, De Bono C, Pazur K, Théveniau-Ruissy M, Béroud C, Puceat M, Gavalas A, Kelly RG, Zaffran S. Hox-dependent coordination of mouse cardiac progenitor cell patterning and differentiation. eLife 2020; 9:55124. [PMID: 32804075 PMCID: PMC7462617 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of addition of second heart field (SHF) cardiac progenitor cells to the poles of the heart tube results in congenital heart defects (CHD). The transcriptional programs and upstream regulatory events operating in different subpopulations of the SHF remain unclear. Here, we profile the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility of anterior and posterior SHF sub-populations at genome-wide levels and demonstrate that Hoxb1 negatively regulates differentiation in the posterior SHF. Spatial mis-expression of Hoxb1 in the anterior SHF results in hypoplastic right ventricle. Activation of Hoxb1 in embryonic stem cells arrests cardiac differentiation, whereas Hoxb1-deficient mouse embryos display premature cardiac differentiation. Moreover, ectopic differentiation in the posterior SHF of embryos lacking both Hoxb1 and its paralog Hoxa1 results in atrioventricular septal defects. Our results show that Hoxb1 plays a key role in patterning cardiac progenitor cells that contribute to both cardiac poles and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Stefanovic
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Laforest
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | | | - Fabienne Lescroart
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Argiro
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | | | - David Salgado
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Elise Plaindoux
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | | | - Kristijan Pazur
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustave Carus of TU Dresden, Helmoholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Magali Théveniau-Ruissy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Béroud
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Puceat
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustave Carus of TU Dresden, Helmoholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Zaffran
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
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Gong Y, Chen Z, Yang L, Ai X, Yan B, Wang H, Qiu L, Tan Y, Witman N, Wang W, Zhao Y, Fu W. Intrinsic Color Sensing System Allows for Real-Time Observable Functional Changes on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ACS Nano 2020; 14:8232-8246. [PMID: 32609489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell based in vitro differentiation for disease modeling offers great value to explore the molecular and functional underpinnings driving many types of cardiomyopathy and congenital heart diseases. Nevertheless, one major caveat in the application of in vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) involves the immature phenotype of the CMs. Most of the existing methods need complex apparatus and require laborious procedures in order to monitor the cardiac differentiation/maturation process and often result in cell death. Here we developed an intrinsic color sensing system utilizing a microgroove structural color methacrylated gelatin film, which allows us to monitor the cardiac differentiation process of hiPSC-derived cardiac progenitor cells in real time. Subsequently this system can be employed as an assay system to live monitor induced functional changes on hiPSC-CMs stemming from drug treatment, the effects of which are simply revealed through color diversity. Our research shows that early intervention of cardiac differentiation through simple physical cues can enhance cardiac differentiation and maturation to some extent. Our system also simplifies the previous complex experimental processes for evaluating the physiological effects of successful differentiation and drug treatment and lays a solid foundation for future transformational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Gong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuefeng Ai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bingqian Yan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Liya Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
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40
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Hilderink S, Devalla HD, Bosch L, Wilders R, Verkerk AO. Ultrarapid Delayed Rectifier K + Channelopathies in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:536. [PMID: 32850774 PMCID: PMC7399090 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. About 5-15% of AF patients have a mutation in a cardiac gene, including mutations in KCNA5, encoding the Kv1.5 α-subunit of the ion channel carrying the atrial-specific ultrarapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKur). Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function AF-related mutations in KCNA5 are known, but their effects on action potentials (APs) of human cardiomyocytes have been poorly studied. Here, we assessed the effects of wild-type and mutant IKur on APs of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). We found that atrial-like hiPSC-CMs, generated by a retinoic acid-based differentiation protocol, have APs with faster repolarization compared to ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs, resulting in shorter APs with a lower AP plateau. Native IKur, measured as current sensitive to 50 μM 4-aminopyridine, was 1.88 ± 0.49 (mean ± SEM, n = 17) and 0.26 ± 0.26 pA/pF (n = 17) in atrial- and ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs, respectively. In both atrial- and ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs, IKur blockade had minimal effects on AP parameters. Next, we used dynamic clamp to inject various amounts of a virtual IKur, with characteristics as in freshly isolated human atrial myocytes, into 11 atrial-like and 10 ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs, in which native IKur was blocked. Injection of IKur with 100% density shortened the APs, with its effect being strongest on the AP duration at 20% repolarization (APD20) of atrial-like hiPSC-CMs. At IKur densities < 100% (compared to 100%), simulating loss-of-function mutations, significant AP prolongation and raise of plateau were observed. At IKur densities > 100%, simulating gain-of-function mutations, APD20 was decreased in both atrial- and ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs, but only upon a strong increase in IKur. In ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs, lowering of the plateau resulted in AP shortening. We conclude that a decrease in IKur, mimicking loss-of-function mutations, has a stronger effect on the AP of hiPSC-CMs than an increase, mimicking gain-of-function mutations, whereas in ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs such increase results in AP shortening, causing their AP morphology to become more atrial-like. Effects of native IKur modulation on atrial-like hiPSC-CMs are less pronounced than effects of virtual IKur injection because IKur density of atrial-like hiPSC-CMs is substantially smaller than that of freshly isolated human atrial myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hilderink
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leontien Bosch
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Parrotta EI, Lucchino V, Scaramuzzino L, Scalise S, Cuda G. Modeling Cardiac Disease Mechanisms Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Progress, Promises and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4354. [PMID: 32575374 PMCID: PMC7352327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a class of disorders affecting the heart or blood vessels. Despite progress in clinical research and therapy, CVDs still represent the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The hallmarks of cardiac diseases include heart dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death, inflammation, fibrosis, scar tissue, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and abnormal ventricular remodeling. The loss of cardiomyocytes is an irreversible process that leads to fibrosis and scar formation, which, in turn, induce heart failure with progressive and dramatic consequences. Both genetic and environmental factors pathologically contribute to the development of CVDs, but the precise causes that trigger cardiac diseases and their progression are still largely unknown. The lack of reliable human model systems for such diseases has hampered the unraveling of the underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular processes involved in heart diseases at their initial stage and during their progression. Over the past decade, significant scientific advances in the field of stem cell biology have literally revolutionized the study of human disease in vitro. Remarkably, the possibility to generate disease-relevant cell types from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has developed into an unprecedented and powerful opportunity to achieve the long-standing ambition to investigate human diseases at a cellular level, uncovering their molecular mechanisms, and finally to translate bench discoveries into potential new therapeutic strategies. This review provides an update on previous and current research in the field of iPSC-driven cardiovascular disease modeling, with the aim of underlining the potential of stem-cell biology-based approaches in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of these life-threatening diseases.
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Stauske M, Rodriguez Polo I, Haas W, Knorr DY, Borchert T, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Dressel R, Bartels I, Tiburcy M, Zimmermann WH, Behr R. Non-Human Primate iPSC Generation, Cultivation, and Cardiac Differentiation under Chemically Defined Conditions. Cells 2020; 9:E1349. [PMID: 32485910 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHP) are important surrogate models for late preclinical development of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), including induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based therapies, which are also under development for heart failure repair. For effective heart repair by remuscularization, large numbers of cardiomyocytes are required, which can be obtained by efficient differentiation of iPSCs. However, NHP-iPSC generation and long-term culture in an undifferentiated state under feeder cell-free conditions turned out to be problematic. Here we describe the reproducible development of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) iPSC lines. Postnatal rhesus skin fibroblasts were reprogrammed under chemically defined conditions using non-integrating vectors. The robustness of the protocol was confirmed using another NHP species, the olive baboon (Papio anubis). Feeder-free maintenance of NHP-iPSCs was essentially dependent on concurrent Wnt-activation by GSK-inhibition (Gi) and Wnt-inhibition (Wi). Generated NHP-iPSCs were successfully differentiated into cardiomyocytes using a combined growth factor/GiWi protocol. The capacity of the iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to self-organize into contractile engineered heart muscle (EHM) was demonstrated. Collectively, this study establishes a reproducible protocol for the robust generation and culture of NHP-iPSCs, which are useful for preclinical testing of strategies for cell replacement therapies in NHP.
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Fang YH, Wang SP, Gao ZH, Wu SN, Chang HY, Yang PJ, Liu PY, Liu YW. Efficient Cardiac Differentiation of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Potential Immune Privilege. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072359. [PMID: 32235313 PMCID: PMC7177657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature mammalian hearts possess very limited regenerative potential. The irreversible cardiomyocyte loss after heart injury can lead to heart failure and death. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can differentiate into cardiomyocytes for cardiac repair, but there are obstacles to their clinical application. Among these obstacles is their potential for post-transplant rejection. Although human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (hAFSCs) are immune privileged, they cannot induce cardiac differentiation. Thus, we generated hAFSC-derived induced PSCs (hAFSC-iPSCs) and used a Wnt-modulating differentiation protocol for the cardiac differentiation of hAFSC-iPSCs. In vitro studies using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and patch-clamp electrophysiological study, were performed to identify the characteristics of hAFSC-iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hAFSC-iPSC-CMs). We injected hAFSC-iPSC-CMs intramuscularly into rat infarcted hearts to evaluate the therapeutic potential of hAFSC-iPSC-CM transplantation. At day 21 of differentiation, the hAFSC-iPSC-CMs expressed cardiac-specific marker (cardiac troponin T), presented cardiomyocyte-specific electrophysiological properties, and contracted spontaneously. Importantly, these hAFSC-iPSC-CMs demonstrated low major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen expression and the absence of MHC class II antigens, indicating their low immunogenicity. The intramyocardial transplantation of hAFSC-iPSC-CMs restored cardiac function, partially remuscularized the injured region, and reduced fibrosis in the rat infarcted hearts. Therefore, hAFSC-iPSCs are potential candidates for the repair of infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Fang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan; (Y.-H.F.); (H.-Y.C.); (P.-J.Y.)
| | - Saprina P.H. Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan; (Y.-H.F.); (H.-Y.C.); (P.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Han Gao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Z.-H.G.); (S.-N.W.)
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Z.-H.G.); (S.-N.W.)
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan; (Y.-H.F.); (H.-Y.C.); (P.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan; (Y.-H.F.); (H.-Y.C.); (P.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan; (Y.-H.F.); (H.-Y.C.); (P.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
- Center of Cell therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.L.); (P.-Y.L.); Tel.: +88662353535 (ext. 2382) (Y.-W.L.); +88662353535 (ext. 4602) (P.-Y.L.); Fax: +88662753834 (Y.-W.L.); +88662753834 (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Yen-Wen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan; (Y.-H.F.); (H.-Y.C.); (P.-J.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
- Center of Cell therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.L.); (P.-Y.L.); Tel.: +88662353535 (ext. 2382) (Y.-W.L.); +88662353535 (ext. 4602) (P.-Y.L.); Fax: +88662753834 (Y.-W.L.); +88662753834 (P.-Y.L.)
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Chan HC, Lau YT, Ding Q, Li CK, Wong CM, Shaw PC, Waye MMY, Tsang SY. PinX1t, a Novel PinX1 Transcript Variant, Positively Regulates Cardiogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e010240. [PMID: 32157956 PMCID: PMC7335523 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Pin2/TRF1‐interacting protein, PinX1, was previously identified as a tumor suppressor. Here, we discovered a novel transcript variant of mPinX1 (mouse PinX1), mPinX1t (mouse PinX1t), in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The aims of this investigation were (1) to detect the presence of mPinX1 and mPinX1t in ESCs and their differentiation derivatives; (2) to investigate the role of mPinX1 and mPinX1t on regulating the characteristics of undifferentiated ESCs and the cardiac differentiation of ESCs; (3) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of how mPinX1 and mPinX1t regulate the cardiac differentiation of ESCs. Methods and Results By 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and polysome fractionation followed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, mPinX1t transcript was confirmed to be an intact mRNA that is actively translated. Western blot confirmed the existence of mPinX1t protein. Overexpression or knockdown of mPinX1 (both decreased mPinX1t expression) both decreased while overexpression of mPinX1t increased the cardiac differentiation of ESCs. Although both mPinX1 and mPinX1t proteins were found to bind to cardiac transcription factor mRNAs, only mPinX1t protein but not mPinX1 protein was found to bind to nucleoporin 133 protein, a nuclear pore complex component. In addition, mPinX1t‐containing cells were found to have a higher cytosol‐to‐nucleus ratio of cardiac transcription factor mRNAs when compared with that in the control cells. Our data suggested that mPinX1t may positively regulate cardiac differentiation by enhancing export of cardiac transcription factor mRNAs through interacting with nucleoporin 133. Conclusions We discovered a novel transcript variant of mPinX1, the mPinX1t, which positively regulates the cardiac differentiation of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hing Chung Chan
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuen Ting Lau
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Qianqian Ding
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun Kit Li
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi Ming Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,The Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Suk Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,Centre for Novel Biomaterials The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
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45
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Jiang B, Yan L, Shamul JG, Hakun M, He X. Stem cell therapy of myocardial infarction: a promising opportunity in bioengineering. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2020; 3:1900182. [PMID: 33665356 PMCID: PMC7928435 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening disease resulting from irreversible death of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and weakening of the heart blood-pumping function. Stem cell-based therapies have been studied for MI treatment over the last two decades with promising outcome. In this review, we critically summarize the past work in this field to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of treating MI using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) including both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), adult stem cells, and cardiac progenitor cells. The main advantage of the latter is their cytokine production capability to modulate immune responses and control the progression of healing. However, human adult stem cells have very limited (if not 'no') capacity to differentiate into functional CMs in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, PSCs can be differentiated into functional CMs although the protocols for the cardiac differentiation of PSCs are mainly for adherent cells under 2D culture. Derivation of PSC-CMs in 3D, allowing for large-scale production of CMs via modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway with defined chemicals and medium, may be desired for clinical translation. Furthermore, the technology of purification and maturation of the PSC-CMs may need further improvements to eliminate teratoma formation after in vivo implantation of the PSC-CMs for treating MI. In addition, in vitro derived PSC-CMs may have mechanical and electrical mismatch with the patient's cardiac tissue, which causes arrhythmia. This supports the use of PSC-derived cells committed to cardiac lineage without beating for implantation to treat MI. In this case, the PSC derived cells may utilize the mechanical, electrical, and chemical cues in the heart to further differentiate into mature/functional CMs in situ. Another major challenge facing stem cell therapy of MI is the low retention/survival of stem cells or their derivatives (e.g., PSC-CMs) in the heart for MI treatment after injection in vivo. This may be resolved by using biomaterials to engineer stem cells for reduced immunogenicity, immobilization of the cells in the heart, and increased integration with the host cardiac tissue. Biomaterials have also been applied in the derivation of CMs in vitro to increase the efficiency and maturation of differentiation. Collectively, a lot has been learned from the past failure of simply injecting intact stem cells or their derivatives in vivo for treating MI, and bioengineering stem cells with biomaterials is expected to be a valuable strategy for advancing stem cell therapy towards its widespread application for treating MI in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Li Yan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - James G Shamul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Maxwell Hakun
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Mueller P, Wolfien M, Ekat K, Lang CI, Koczan D, Wolkenhauer O, Hahn O, Peters K, Lang H, David R, Lemcke H. RNA-Based Strategies for Cardiac Reprogramming of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E504. [PMID: 32098400 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) could represent an elegant source for the generation of patient-specific cardiomyocytes needed for regenerative medicine, cardiovascular research, and pharmacological studies. However, the differentiation of adult MSC into a cardiac lineage is challenging compared to embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. Here we used non-integrative methods, including microRNA and mRNA, for cardiac reprogramming of adult MSC derived from bone marrow, dental follicle, and adipose tissue. We found that MSC derived from adipose tissue can partly be reprogrammed into the cardiac lineage by transient overexpression of GATA4, TBX5, MEF2C, and MESP1, while cells isolated from bone marrow, and dental follicle exhibit only weak reprogramming efficiency. qRT-PCR and transcriptomic analysis revealed activation of a cardiac-specific gene program and up-regulation of genes known to promote cardiac development. Although we did not observe the formation of fully mature cardiomyocytes, our data suggests that adult MSC have the capability to acquire a cardiac-like phenotype when treated with mRNA coding for transcription factors that regulate heart development. Yet, further optimization of the reprogramming process is mandatory to increase the reprogramming efficiency.
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47
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Robert AW, Pereira IT, Dallagiovanna B, Stimamiglio MA. Secretome Analysis Performed During in vitro Cardiac Differentiation: Discovering the Cardiac Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:49. [PMID: 32117977 PMCID: PMC7025591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells are an important tool for the study of developmental processes, such as cardiomyogenic differentiation. Despite the advances made in this field, the molecular and cellular signals involved in the commitment of embryonic stem cells to the cardiac phenotype are still under investigation. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying the extracellular signals involved in in vitro cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Using a three-dimensional cardiomyogenic differentiation protocol, the conditioned medium and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of embryoid body cultures were collected and characterized at four specific time points. Mass spectrometry (MS) and antibody array analysis of the secretome identified a number of secreted proteins related to signaling pathways, such as Wnt and TGFβ, as well as many ECM proteins. When comparing the proteins identified at selected time points, our data pointed out protein interactions and biological process related to cardiac differentiation. Interestingly, the great changes in secretome profile occurred during the cardiac progenitor specification. The secretome results were also compared with our previous RNAseq data, indicating that the secreted proteins undergo some level of gene regulation. During cardiac commitment it was observed an increase in complexity of the ECM, and some proteins as IGFBP7, FN1, HSPG2, as well as other members of the basal lamina could be highlighted. Thus, these findings contribute valuable information about essential microenvironmental signals working on cardiomyogenic differentiation that may be used in future strategies for cardiac differentiation, cardiomyocyte maturation, and in advances for future acellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Waloski Robert
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tiemy Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dallagiovanna
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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48
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Lei I, Tian S, Chen V, Zhao Y, Wang Z. SWI/SNF Component BAF250a Coordinates OCT4 and WNT Signaling Pathway to Control Cardiac Lineage Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:358. [PMID: 32039194 PMCID: PMC6987383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissecting epigenetic mechanisms controlling early cardiac differentiation will provide insights into heart regeneration and heart disease treatment. SWI/SNF complexes remodel nucleosomes to regulate gene expression and play a key role in organogenesis. Here, we reported a unique function of BAF250a in regulating the physical interaction of OCT4 and β-CATENIN during cardiac lineage differentiation from human ESCs. BAF250a deletion greatly reduced the physical interaction between OCT4 and β-CATENIN but did not alter the expression of β-CATENIN and OCT4 in the mesodermal progenitor cells. BAF250a ablation led to decreased recruitment of OCT4 and β-CATENIN at promoters of key mesodermal lineage genes, such as MESP1 and EOMES. Subsequently, the expression of lineage-specific genes was downregulated, whereas the expression of pluripotent genes was upregulated. In parallel, BAF250a ablation also altered recruitments of OCT4 and β-CATENIN to the promoter of CCND2 and CCND3, two key genes for S phase entry during cell cycle. Consequently, BAF250a deletion led to prolonged S phase in Mesp1+ cardiac progenitor cells, which in turn inhibited efficient differentiation of Mesp1+ to Isl1+ cells. Furthermore, BAF250a deletion abolished the interaction of OCT4 and BRG1 in mesoderm, suggesting that BAF250a is the key component in SWI/SNF complex that determines the interaction of Oct4/β-catenin in mesoderm. In contrast, we found that BAF250a did not regulate the OCT4/β-CATENIN interaction during neuroectoderm differentiation. Altogether, our results suggest that BAF250a specifically controls proper cardiac mesoderm differentiation by reorganizing the binding of OCT4/β-CATENIN and regulates both key lineage differentiation genes and cell cycle genes that coincided in response to WNT/β-CATENIN signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ienglam Lei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Victor Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yong Zhao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiac Regenerative Medicine, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Choe MS, Yeo HC, Bae CM, Han HJ, Baek KM, Kim JS, Lim KS, Shin IS, Chang W, Yun SP, Lee HJ, Lee MY. Trolox-induced cardiac differentiation is mediated by the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human embryonic stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1505-1515. [PMID: 31293030 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells may be induced under chemically defined conditions, wherein the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway is often desirable. Here, we examined the effect of trolox, a vitamin E analog, on the cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). 6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) significantly enhanced cardiac differentiation in a time- and dose-dependent manner after the mesodermal differentiation of hESCs. Trolox promoted hESC cardiac differentiation through its inhibitory activity against the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This study demonstrates an efficient cardiac differentiation method and reveals a novel Wnt/β-catenin regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Seog Choe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Han Cheol Yeo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Chang Min Bae
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Baek
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 136 Sincheondong-ro, Daegu, 42158, Korea
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Project Team), Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinjudae-ro 816, Jinju, 52727, Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, Korea
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Naduthottathil MR, Avolio E, Carrabba M, Davis S, Caputo M, Madeddu P, Su B. The Effect of Matrix Stiffness of Biomimetic Gelatin Nanofibrous Scaffolds on Human Cardiac Pericyte Behavior. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2019; 2:4385-4396. [PMID: 35021398 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common and deadly congenital anomaly, accounting for up to 7.5% of all infant deaths. Survival in children born with CHD has improved dramatically over the past several decades (this positive trend being counterbalanced by the fact that more patients develop heart failure). Seminal data indicate an alteration of the extracellular matrix occurs with time in these hearts due to diffuse and abundant interstitial fibrosis. This results in an escalation in the stiffness of the local myocardial microenvironment. However, the influence of matrix stiffness in regulating the function of resident human stromal cells has not been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of scaffold stiffness on the antigenic and functional profile of cardiac pericytes (CPs) isolated from patients with CHD. To this end, we have first manufactured gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds with varying degrees of stiffness using an in situ cross-linking electrospinning technique in a pure water solvent system. We assessed Young's modulus and performed a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of the scaffolds employing scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We next evaluated the changes induced by a different scaffold stiffness on CP morphology, antigenic profile, viability, proliferation, angiocrine activity, and induced differentiation. Results indicate that soft matrixes with a fiber diameter of ∼400 nm increase CP proliferation, secretion of angiopoietin 2, and F-actin stress fiber formation, without affecting the antigenic profile, viability, or differentiation. These data indicate for the first time that human CPs can be functionally influenced by slight changes in matrix stiffness. The study elucidates the importance of mechanical/morphological cues in modulating the behavior of stromal cells isolated from patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincy Raj Naduthottathil
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials (BCFN), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Carrabba
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
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