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Casarella S, Ferla F, Di Francesco D, Canciani E, Rizzi M, Boccafoschi F. Focal Adhesion's Role in Cardiomyocytes Function: From Cardiomyogenesis to Mechanotransduction. Cells 2024; 13:664. [PMID: 38667279 PMCID: PMC11049660 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the ability of cells to sense mechanical stimuli and convert them into biochemical signals. In this context, the key players are focal adhesions (FAs): multiprotein complexes that link intracellular actin bundles and the extracellular matrix (ECM). FAs are involved in cellular adhesion, growth, differentiation, gene expression, migration, communication, force transmission, and contractility. Focal adhesion signaling molecules, including Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), integrins, vinculin, and paxillin, also play pivotal roles in cardiomyogenesis, impacting cell proliferation and heart tube looping. In fact, cardiomyocytes sense ECM stiffness through integrins, modulating signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin. Moreover, FAK/Src complex activation mediates cardiac hypertrophic growth and survival signaling in response to mechanical loads. This review provides an overview of the molecular and mechanical mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between FAs and cardiac differentiation, as well as the role of FA-mediated mechanotransduction in guiding cardiac muscle responses to mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casarella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Federica Ferla
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Elena Canciani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
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Haas AJ, Karakus M, Zihni C, Balda MS, Matter K. ZO-1 Regulates Hippo-Independent YAP Activity and Cell Proliferation via a GEF-H1- and TBK1-Regulated Signalling Network. Cells 2024; 13:640. [PMID: 38607079 PMCID: PMC11011562 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are a barrier-forming cell-cell adhesion complex and have been proposed to regulate cell proliferation. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we used cells deficient in the junction scaffold ZO-1 alone or together with its paralog ZO-2, which disrupts the junctional barrier. We found that ZO-1 knockout increased cell proliferation, induced loss of cell density-dependent proliferation control, and promoted apoptosis and necrosis. These phenotypes were enhanced by double ZO-1/ZO-2 knockout. Increased proliferation was dependent on two transcriptional regulators: YAP and ZONAB. ZO-1 knockout stimulated YAP nuclear translocation and activity without changes in Hippo-dependent phosphorylation. Knockout promoted TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) activation and increased expression of the RhoA activator GEF-H1. Knockdown of ZO-3, another paralog interacting with ZO1, was sufficient to induce GEF-H1 expression and YAP activity. GEF-H1, TBK1, and mechanotransduction at focal adhesions were found to cooperate to activate YAP/TEAD in ZO-1-deficient cells. Thus, ZO-1 controled cell proliferation and Hippo-independent YAP activity by activating a GEF-H1- and TBK1-regulated mechanosensitive signalling network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria S. Balda
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (A.J.H.); (M.K.); (C.Z.)
| | - Karl Matter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (A.J.H.); (M.K.); (C.Z.)
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3
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Kang M, Senatore AJ, Naughton H, McTigue M, Beltman RJ, Herppich AA, Pflum MKH, Howe AK. Protein kinase A is a functional component of focal adhesions. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107234. [PMID: 38552737 PMCID: PMC11044056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) form the junction between extracellular matrix (ECM)-bound integrins and the actin cytoskeleton and also transmit signals that regulate cell adhesion, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell migration. While many of these signals are rooted in reversible tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphorylation of FA proteins on Ser/Thr residues is far more abundant yet its mechanisms and consequences are far less understood. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A; PKA) has important roles in cell adhesion and cell migration and is both an effector and regulator of integrin-mediated adhesion to the ECM. Importantly, subcellular localization plays a critically important role in specifying PKA function. Here, we show that PKA is present in isolated FA-cytoskeleton complexes and active within FAs in live cells. Furthermore, using kinase-catalyzed biotinylation of isolated FA-cytoskeleton complexes, we identify 53 high-stringency candidate PKA substrates within FAs. From this list, we validate tensin-3 (Tns3)-a well-established molecular scaffold, regulator of cell migration, and a component of focal and fibrillar adhesions-as a novel direct substrate for PKA. These observations identify a new pathway for phospho-regulation of Tns3 and, importantly, establish a new and important niche for localized PKA signaling and thus provide a foundation for further investigation of the role of PKA in the regulation of FA dynamics and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingu Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Amanda J Senatore
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Hannah Naughton
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Madeline McTigue
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Rachel J Beltman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew A Herppich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary Kay H Pflum
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alan K Howe
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
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Bai M, Chen H, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhang D, Wang C. Substrate stiffness promotes dentinogenesis via LAMB1-FAK-MEK1/2 signaling axis. Oral Dis 2024; 30:562-574. [PMID: 36519511 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In vivo, the principal function of mechanosensitive odontoblasts is to synthesize and secrete the matrix which then calcifies and forms reactive dentin after exposure to appropriate stimuli. This study aims to develop the influence of mechanical factors on dentinogenesis based on odontoblasts, which contribute to reparative dentin formation. METHODS We fabricated polydimethylsiloxane with different stiffnesses and seeded 17IIA11 odontoblast-like cells on the substrates in different stiffnesses. Cell morphology was detected by scanning electron microscope, and the mineralization phenotype was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining, while expression levels of dentinogenesis-related genes (including Runx2, Osx, and Alp) were assayed by qPCR. To explore mechanism, protein distribution and expression levels were detected by immunofluorescent staining, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS In our results, during dentinogenesis, 17IIA11 odontoblast-like cells appeared better extension on stiffer substrates. The binding between LAMB1 and FAK contributed to converting mechanical stimuli into biochemical signaling, thereby controlling mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 activity in stiffness-driven dentinogenesis. CONCLUSION The present study suggests odontoblast behaviors can be directly regulated by mechanical factors at cell-material interfaces, which offers fundamental mechanism in remodeling cell microenvironment, thereby contributing to physiological phenomena explanation and tissue engineering progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Solomatina ES, Kovaleva AV, Tvorogova AV, Vorobjev IA, Saidova AA. Effect of Focal Adhesion Kinase and Vinculin Expression on Migration Parameters of Normal and Tumor Epitheliocytes. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2024; 89:474-486. [PMID: 38648767 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are mechanosensory structures that transform physical stimuli into chemical signals guiding cell migration. Comprehensive studies postulate correlation between the FA parameters and cell motility metrics for individual migrating cells. However, which properties of the FAs are critical for epithelial cell motility in a monolayer remains poorly elucidated. We used high-throughput microscopy to describe relationship between the FA parameters and cell migration in immortalized epithelial keratinocytes (HaCaT) and lung carcinoma cells (A549) with depleted or inhibited vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) FA proteins. To evaluate relationship between the FA morphology and cell migration, we used substrates with varying stiffness in the model of wound healing. Cells cultivated on fibronectin had the highest FA area values, migration rate, and upregulated expression of FAK and vinculin mRNAs, while the smallest FA area and slower migration rate to the wound were specific to cells cultivated on glass. Suppression of vinculin expression in both normal and tumor cells caused decrease of the FA size and fluorescence intensity but did not affect cell migration into the wound. In contrast, downregulation or inactivation of FAK did not affect the FA size but significantly slowed down the wound closure rate by both HaCaT and A549 cell lines. We also showed that the FAK knockdown results in the FA lifetime decrease for the cells cultivated both on glass and fibronectin. Our data indicate that the FA lifetime is the most important parameter defining migration of epithelial cells in a monolayer. The observed change in the cell migration rate in a monolayer caused by changes in expression/activation of FAK kinase makes FAK a promising target for anticancer therapy of lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia S Solomatina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Kovaleva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anna V Tvorogova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Aleena A Saidova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Kosinski J, Sechi A, Hain J, Villwock S, Ha SA, Hauschulz M, Rose M, Steib F, Ortiz-Brüchle N, Heij L, Maas SL, van der Vorst EPC, Knoesel T, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Simon R, Sauter G, Bednarsch J, Jonigk D, Dahl E. ITIH5 as a multifaceted player in pancreatic cancer suppression, impairing tyrosine kinase signaling, cell adhesion and migration. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38375974 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) has been identified as a metastasis suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer. Here, we analyzed ITIH5 promoter methylation and protein expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and three tissue microarray cohorts (n = 618), respectively. Cellular effects, including cell migration, focal adhesion formation and protein tyrosine kinase activity, induced by forced ITIH5 expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines were studied in stable transfectants. ITIH5 promoter hypermethylation was associated with unfavorable prognosis, while immunohistochemistry demonstrated loss of ITIH5 in the metastatic setting and worsened overall survival. Gain-of-function models showed a significant reduction in migration capacity, but no alteration in proliferation. Focal adhesions in cells re-expressing ITIH5 exhibited a smaller and more rounded phenotype, typical for slow-moving cells. An impressive increase of acetylated alpha-tubulin was observed in ITIH5-positive cells, indicating more stable microtubules. In addition, we found significantly decreased activities of kinases related to focal adhesion. Our results indicate that loss of ITIH5 in pancreatic cancer profoundly affects its molecular profile: ITIH5 potentially interferes with a variety of oncogenic signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT pathway. This may lead to altered cell migration and focal adhesion formation. These cellular alterations may contribute to the metastasis-inhibiting properties of ITIH5 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kosinski
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Johanna Hain
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
| | - Sophia Villwock
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
| | - Stefanie Anh Ha
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
| | - Maximilian Hauschulz
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
| | - Michael Rose
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
| | - Florian Steib
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
| | - Nadina Ortiz-Brüchle
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
| | - Lara Heij
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne L Maas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Knoesel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
- RWTH centralized Biomaterial Bank (RWTH cBMB), Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hanover, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany
- RWTH centralized Biomaterial Bank (RWTH cBMB), Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Xu Z, Lu J, Gao S, Rui YN. THSD1 Suppresses Autophagy-Mediated Focal Adhesion Turnover by Modulating the FAK-Beclin 1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2139. [PMID: 38396816 PMCID: PMC10889294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) play a crucial role in cell spreading and adhesion, and their autophagic degradation is an emerging area of interest. This study investigates the role of Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain-Containing Protein 1 (THSD1) in regulating autophagy and FA stability in brain endothelial cells, shedding light on its potential implications for cerebrovascular diseases. Our research reveals a physical interaction between THSD1 and FAs. Depletion of THSD1 significantly reduces FA numbers, impairing cell spreading and adhesion. The loss of THSD1 also induces autophagy independently of changes in mTOR and AMPK activation, implying that THSD1 primarily governs FA dynamics rather than serving as a global regulator of nutrient and energy status. Mechanistically, THSD1 negatively regulates Beclin 1, a central autophagy regulator, at FAs through interactions with focal adhesion kinase (FAK). THSD1 inactivation diminishes FAK activity and relieves its inhibitory phosphorylation on Beclin 1. This, in turn, promotes the complex formation between Beclin 1 and ATG14, a critical event for the activation of the autophagy cascade. In summary, our findings identify THSD1 as a novel regulator of autophagy that degrades FAs in brain endothelial cells. This underscores the distinctive nature of THSD1-mediated, cargo-directed autophagy and its potential relevance to vascular diseases due to the loss of endothelial FAs. Investigating the underlying mechanisms of THSD1-mediated pathways holds promise for discovering novel therapeutic targets in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan-Ning Rui
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kroeger B, Manning SA, Fonseka Y, Oorschot V, Crawford SA, Ramm G, Harvey KF. Basal spot junctions of Drosophila epithelial tissues respond to morphogenetic forces and regulate Hippo signaling. Dev Cell 2024; 59:262-279.e6. [PMID: 38134928 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Organ size is controlled by numerous factors including mechanical forces, which are mediated in part by the Hippo pathway. In growing Drosophila epithelial tissues, cytoskeletal tension influences Hippo signaling by modulating the localization of key pathway proteins to different apical domains. Here, we discovered a Hippo signaling hub at basal spot junctions, which form at the basal-most point of the lateral membranes and resemble adherens junctions in protein composition. Basal spot junctions recruit the central kinase Warts via Ajuba and E-cadherin, which prevent Warts activation by segregating it from upstream Hippo pathway proteins. Basal spot junctions are prominent when tissues undergo morphogenesis and are highly sensitive to fluctuations in cytoskeletal tension. They are distinct from focal adhesions, but the latter profoundly influences basal spot junction abundance by modulating the basal-medial actomyosin network and tension experienced by spot junctions. Thus, basal spot junctions couple morphogenetic forces to Hippo pathway activity and organ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kroeger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Samuel A Manning
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yoshana Fonseka
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Simon A Crawford
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Kieran F Harvey
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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9
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Schmitt MS, Colen J, Sala S, Devany J, Seetharaman S, Caillier A, Gardel ML, Oakes PW, Vitelli V. Machine learning interpretable models of cell mechanics from protein images. Cell 2024; 187:481-494.e24. [PMID: 38194965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Cellular form and function emerge from complex mechanochemical systems within the cytoplasm. Currently, no systematic strategy exists to infer large-scale physical properties of a cell from its molecular components. This is an obstacle to understanding processes such as cell adhesion and migration. Here, we develop a data-driven modeling pipeline to learn the mechanical behavior of adherent cells. We first train neural networks to predict cellular forces from images of cytoskeletal proteins. Strikingly, experimental images of a single focal adhesion (FA) protein, such as zyxin, are sufficient to predict forces and can generalize to unseen biological regimes. Using this observation, we develop two approaches-one constrained by physics and the other agnostic-to construct data-driven continuum models of cellular forces. Both reveal how cellular forces are encoded by two distinct length scales. Beyond adherent cell mechanics, our work serves as a case study for integrating neural networks into predictive models for cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Schmitt
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan Colen
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stefano Sala
- Department of Cell & Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - John Devany
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shailaja Seetharaman
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexia Caillier
- Department of Cell & Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Cell & Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Vitelli
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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10
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Tejeda-Muñoz N, Mei KC. Wnt signaling in cell adhesion, development, and colon cancer. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38230869 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is essential for embryonic development, influencing processes such as axis formation, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell fate decisions, and axon guidance. It also plays a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis in adult organisms. The loss of normal cell polarity and adhesion caused by Wnt signaling activation is a fundamental step for tumor progression and metastasis. Activating the canonical Wnt pathway is a driving force in many human cancers, especially colorectal, hepatocellular, and mammary carcinomas. Wnt causes the stabilization and nuclear transport of newly synthesized transcriptional regulator β-catenin. The generally accepted view is that the canonical effects of Wnt growth factors are caused by the transcription of β-catenin target genes. Here, we review recent findings that indicate Wnt is a regulator of many other cellular physiological activities, such as macropinocytosis, endosome trafficking, protein stability, focal adhesions, and lysosomal activity. Some of these regulatory responses occur within minutes and do not require new protein synthesis, indicating that there is much more to Wnt beyond the well-established transcriptional role of β-catenin. The main conclusion that emerges from these studies is that in basal cell conditions, the activity of the key protein kinase GSK3, which is inhibited by Wnt pathway activation, normally represses the actin machinery that orchestrates macropinocytosis with implications in cancer. These contributions expand our understanding of the multifaceted roles of Wnt signaling in cellular processes, development, and cancer, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Tejeda-Muñoz
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kuo-Ching Mei
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Johnson City, New York, USA
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11
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Robitaille MC, Kim C, Christodoulides JA, Calhoun PJ, Kang W, Liu J, Byers JM, Raphael MP. Topographical depth reveals contact guidance mechanism distinct from focal adhesion confinement. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38226738 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cellular response to the topography of their environment, known as contact guidance, is a crucial aspect to many biological processes yet remains poorly understood. A prevailing model to describe cellular contact guidance involves the lateral confinement of focal adhesions (FA) by topography as an underlying mechanism governing how cells can respond to topographical cues. However, it is not clear how this model is consistent with the well-documented depth-dependent contact guidance responses in the literature. To investigate this model, we fabricated a set of contact guidance chips with lateral dimensions capable of confining focal adhesions and relaxing that confinement at various depths. We find at the shallowest depth of 330 nm, the model of focal adhesion confinement is consistent with our observations. However, the cellular response at depths of 725 and 1000 nm is inadequately explained by this model. Instead, we observe a distinct reorganization of F-actin at greater depths in which topographically induced cell membrane deformation alters the structure of the cytoskeleton. These results are consistent with an alternative curvature-hypothesis to explain cellular response to topographical cues. Together, these results indicate a confluence of two molecular mechanisms operating at increased induced membrane curvature that govern how cells sense and respond to topography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunghwan Kim
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Wonmo Kang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jinny Liu
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeff M Byers
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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12
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Liang P, Wang B. An autophagy-independent role of ULK1/ULK2 in mechanotransduction and breast cancer cell migration. Autophagy 2024:1-2. [PMID: 38163960 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2300916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression of breast cancer is often accompanied by changes in extracellular matrix stiffness and cell adhesion ability, which are closely related to cellular mechanotransduction. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain mysterious. Our study reveals that the macroautophagy/autophagy-inducing kinases, ULK1 and ULK2, inhibit the assembly of focal adhesions and F-actin by phosphorylating the adhesion protein PXN, to prevent breast cancer cell migration in an autophagy-independent fashion. Interestingly, ULK1/ULK2-mediated serine phosphorylation of PXN counteracts PXN phosphorylation at the adjacent tyrosine residues by PTK2 and SRC, to gatekeep cellular mechanotransduction. Our research establishes a new function of ULK1/ULK2 in governing cellular mechanotransduction that might be harnessed for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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13
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Davidson CD, Midekssa FS, DePalma SJ, Kamen JL, Wang WY, Jayco DKP, Wieger ME, Baker BM. Mechanical Intercellular Communication via Matrix-Borne Cell Force Transmission During Vascular Network Formation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306210. [PMID: 37997199 PMCID: PMC10797481 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is critical to the formation and homeostatic function of all tissues. Previous work has shown that cells can communicate mechanically via the transmission of cell-generated forces through their surrounding extracellular matrix, but this process is not well understood. Here, mechanically defined, synthetic electrospun fibrous matrices are utilized in conjunction with a microfabrication-based cell patterning approach to examine mechanical intercellular communication (MIC) between endothelial cells (ECs) during their assembly into interconnected multicellular networks. It is found that cell force-mediated matrix displacements in deformable fibrous matrices underly directional extension and migration of neighboring ECs toward each other prior to the formation of stable cell-cell connections enriched with vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). A critical role is also identified for calcium signaling mediated by focal adhesion kinase and mechanosensitive ion channels in MIC that extends to multicellular assembly of 3D vessel-like networks when ECs are embedded within fibrin hydrogels. These results illustrate a role for cell-generated forces and ECM mechanical properties in multicellular assembly of capillary-like EC networks and motivates the design of biomaterials that promote MIC for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firaol S. Midekssa
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Samuel J. DePalma
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Jordan L. Kamen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - William Y. Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | | | - Megan E. Wieger
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
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14
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Biernacka Z, Gregorczyk-Zboroch K, Lasocka I, Ostrowska A, Struzik J, Gieryńska M, Toka FN, Szulc-Dąbrowska L. Ectromelia Virus Affects the Formation and Spatial Organization of Adhesive Structures in Murine Dendritic Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:558. [PMID: 38203729 PMCID: PMC10779027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is a causative agent of mousepox. It provides a suitable model for studying the immunobiology of orthopoxviruses, including their interaction with the host cell cytoskeleton. As professional antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) control the pericellular environment, capture antigens, and present them to T lymphocytes after migration to secondary lymphoid organs. Migration of immature DCs is possible due to the presence of specialized adhesion structures, such as podosomes or focal adhesions (FAs). Since assembly and disassembly of adhesive structures are highly associated with DCs' immunoregulatory and migratory functions, we evaluated how ECTV infection targets podosomes and FAs' organization and formation in natural-host bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDC). We found that ECTV induces a rapid dissolution of podosomes at the early stages of infection, accompanied by the development of larger and wider FAs than in uninfected control cells. At later stages of infection, FAs were predominantly observed in long cellular extensions, formed extensively by infected cells. Dissolution of podosomes in ECTV-infected BMDCs was not associated with maturation and increased 2D cell migration in a wound healing assay; however, accelerated transwell migration of ECTV-infected cells towards supernatants derived from LPS-conditioned BMDCs was observed. We suggest that ECTV-induced changes in the spatial organization of adhesive structures in DCs may alter the adhesiveness/migration of DCs during some conditions, e.g., inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Biernacka
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.B.); (K.G.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.G.); (F.N.T.)
| | - Karolina Gregorczyk-Zboroch
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.B.); (K.G.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.G.); (F.N.T.)
| | - Iwona Lasocka
- Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Struzik
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.B.); (K.G.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.G.); (F.N.T.)
| | - Małgorzata Gieryńska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.B.); (K.G.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.G.); (F.N.T.)
| | - Felix N. Toka
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.B.); (K.G.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.G.); (F.N.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.B.); (K.G.-Z.); (J.S.); (M.G.); (F.N.T.)
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15
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Garone ME, Chase SE, Zhang C, Krendel M. Myosin 1e deficiency affects migration of 4T1 breast cancer cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023. [PMID: 38140937 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis of breast cancer cells to distant tissue sites is responsible for the majority of deaths associated with breast cancer. Previously we have examined the role of class I myosin motor protein, myosin 1e (myo1e), in cancer metastasis using the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Polyoma Middle T Antigen (MMTV-PyMT) mouse model. Mice deficient in myo1e formed tumors with a more differentiated phenotype relative to the wild-type mice and formed no detectable lung metastases. In the current study, we investigated how the absence of myo1e affects cell migration and invasion in vitro, using the highly invasive and migratory breast cancer cell line, 4T1. 4T1 cells deficient in myo1e exhibited an altered morphology and slower rates of migration in the wound-healing and transwell migration assays compared to the WT 4T1 cells. While integrin trafficking and Golgi reorientation did not appear to be altered upon myo1e loss, we observed lower rates of focal adhesion disassembly in myo1e-deficient cells, which could help explain the cell migration defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Garone
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sharon E Chase
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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16
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He R, Zhang X, Wu Y, Weng Z, Li L. TTC7B is a new prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma linked to immune infiltration and ferroptosis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:22354-22369. [PMID: 37990988 PMCID: PMC10757123 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of TTC7B and its prognostic significance, biological roles, and impact on the immune system in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and genomic data were obtained from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), GEPIA2 (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2.0), and TIMER2.0 (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0) databases. R software was utilized to process the retrieved data. qPCR and immunohistochemical assays were performed to validate the findings obtained from the databases. RESULTS High expression of TTC7B was observed in HNSCC, and this heightened expression is significantly associated with reduced overall survival (OS) in patients, making it an independent risk factor impacting OS. TTC7B is correlated with focal adhesions and cell migration pathways based on functional enrichment analysis. CIBERSORT analysis and TIMER2.0 show a positive link between TTC7B and multiple immune cells, particularly macrophages. Pearson's analysis reveals a significant correlation between TTC7B and ferroptosis-related genes. CONCLUSION In all, TTC7B could serve as a promising prognostic indicator of HNSCC, and is closely associated with focal adhesions, immune infiltration, and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xun Zhang
- Guangyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangyuanChina
| | - Yongzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhijie Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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17
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Liang P, Zhang J, Wu Y, Zheng S, Xu Z, Yang S, Wang J, Ma S, Xiao L, Hu T, Jiang W, Huang C, Xing Q, Kundu M, Wang B. An ULK1/2-PXN mechanotransduction pathway suppresses breast cancer cell migration. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56850. [PMID: 37846507 PMCID: PMC10626438 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The remodeling and stiffening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a well-recognized modulator of breast cancer progression. How changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM are converted into biochemical signals that direct tumor cell migration and metastasis remain poorly characterized. Here, we describe a new role for the autophagy-inducing serine/threonine kinases ULK1 and ULK2 in mechanotransduction. We show that ULK1/2 activity inhibits the assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions (FAs) and as a consequence impedes cell contraction and migration, independent of its role in autophagy. Mechanistically, we identify PXN/paxillin, a key component of the mechanotransducing machinery, as a direct binding partner and substrate of ULK1/2. ULK-mediated phosphorylation of PXN at S32 and S119 weakens homotypic interactions and liquid-liquid phase separation of PXN, impairing FA assembly, which in turn alters the mechanical properties of breast cancer cells and their response to mechanical stimuli. ULK1/2 and the well-characterized PXN regulator, FAK/Src, have opposing functions on mechanotransduction and compete for phosphorylation of adjacent serine and tyrosine residues. Taken together, our study reveals ULK1/2 as important regulator of PXN-dependent mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yuchen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Shanyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jinfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Suibin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of OncologyZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Research Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Wenxue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Central LaboratoryThe Fifth Hospital of XiamenXiamenChina
| | - Qiong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen UniversityShenzhenChina
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18
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Singh A, Astekar MS, Sapra G, Agarwal A, Murari A. Immunohistochemical expression of paxillin in ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst: An observational study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:727-734. [PMID: 38304525 PMCID: PMC10829436 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_312_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are found on the surface of all cells, where they allow dynamic processes to take place. These include cadherins, integrins, selectins and Immunoglobulin superfamily. Directly associated with β-integrin tails is a multidomain protein known as paxillin. However, CAMs participate in cell-cell and extracellular matrix-cell interactions during histomorphogenesis in the various phases of odontogenesis. Some tumours or cysts like ameloblastoma (AB) or odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) having odontogenic origin show disturbance in the interaction of these CAMs. Hence, the assessment of paxillin expression in AB and OKC was carried out. Materials and Methods The present observational study comprised 30 clinically and histologically confirmed cases of AB and OKC. All the slides were stained immunohistochemically using a paxillin antibody. Results Upon comparison of staining intensity of paxillin among AB and OKC showed statistically significant result, whereas quantitative staining and final summation showed non-significant result. Gender-wise comparison of paxillin staining intensity, quantitative staining and final summation among OKC showed significant result; however, in AB, staining intensity showed non-significant result, whereas quantitative staining and final summation showed significant result. Conclusion Paxillin has the greatest influence on tissue morphogenesis and development. The regulation of cell mobility is aided by the multiple roles that paxillin plays in a range of cells and tissues. However, further studies using a large sample size, along with other molecular analytical methods, may be essential to draw a definite conclusion about the association of paxillin and its exact function in OKC and AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bareilly International University, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhusudan S. Astekar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bareilly International University, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Sapra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bareilly International University, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bareilly International University, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Murari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bareilly International University, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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19
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Güler BE, Linnert J, Wolfrum U. Monitoring paxillin in astrocytes reveals the significance of the adhesion G protein coupled receptor VLGR1/ADGRV1 for focal adhesion assembly. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:301-312. [PMID: 36929698 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
VLGR1/ADGRV1 (very large G protein-coupled receptor-1) is the largest adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR). Mutations in VLGR1/ADGRV1 are associated with human Usher syndrome, the most common form of deaf-blindness, and also with epilepsy in humans and mice. VLGR1 is expressed almost ubiquitously but is mainly found in the CNS and in the sensory cells of the eye and inner ear. Little is known about the pathogenesis of the diseases related to VLGR1. We previously identified VLGR1 as a vital component of focal adhesions (FAs) serving as a metabotropic mechanoreceptor controls cell spreading and migration. FAs are highly dynamic and turnover in response to internal and external signals. Here, we aimed to elucidate how VLGR1 participates in FA turnover. Nocodazole washouts and live cell imaging of paxillin-DsRed2 consistently showed that FA disassembly was not altered, but de novo assembly of FA was significantly delayed in Vlgr1-deficient astrocytes, indicating that VLGR1 is enrolled in FA assembly. In FRAP experiments, recovery rates were significantly reduced in Vlgr1-deficient FAs, indicating reduced turnover kinetics in VLGR1-deficient FAs. We showed that VLGR1 regulates cell migration by controlling the FA turnover during their assembly and expect novel insights into pathomechanisms related to pathogenic dysfunctions of VLGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran E Güler
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joshua Linnert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Dobson L, Barrell WB, Seraj Z, Lynham S, Wu SY, Krause M, Liu KJ. GSK3 and lamellipodin balance lamellipodial protrusions and focal adhesion maturation in mouse neural crest migration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113030. [PMID: 37632751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells are multipotent cells that delaminate from the neuroepithelium, migrating throughout the embryo. Aberrant migration causes developmental defects. Animal models are improving our understanding of neural crest anomalies, but in vivo migration behaviors are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that murine neural crest cells display actin-based lamellipodia and filopodia in vivo. Using neural crest-specific knockouts or inhibitors, we show that the serine-threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and the cytoskeletal regulator lamellipodin (Lpd) are required for lamellipodia formation while preventing focal adhesion maturation. Lpd is a substrate of GSK3, and phosphorylation of Lpd favors interactions with the Scar/WAVE complex (lamellipodia formation) at the expense of VASP and Mena interactions (adhesion maturation and filopodia formation). This improved understanding of cytoskeletal regulation in mammalian neural crest migration has general implications for neural crest anomalies and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dobson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - William B Barrell
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Zahra Seraj
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Steven Lynham
- Centre for Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Sheng-Yuan Wu
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Matthias Krause
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Karen J Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Ganguli S, Wyatt T, Nyga A, Lawson RH, Meyer T, Baum B, Matthews HK. Oncogenic Ras deregulates cell-substrate interactions during mitotic rounding and respreading to alter cell division orientation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2728-2741.e3. [PMID: 37343559 PMCID: PMC7614879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic Ras has been shown to change the way cancer cells divide by increasing the forces generated during mitotic rounding. In this way, RasV12 enables cancer cells to divide across a wider range of mechanical environments than normal cells. Here, we identify a further role for oncogenic Ras-ERK signaling in division by showing that RasV12 expression alters the shape, division orientation, and respreading dynamics of cells as they exit mitosis. Many of these effects appear to result from the impact of RasV12 signaling on actomyosin contractility, because RasV12 induces the severing of retraction fibers that normally guide spindle positioning and provide a memory of the interphase cell shape. In support of this idea, the RasV12 phenotype is reversed by inhibition of actomyosin contractility and can be mimicked by the loss of cell-substrate adhesion during mitosis. Finally, we show that RasV12 activation also perturbs division orientation in cells cultured in 2D epithelial monolayers and 3D spheroids. Thus, the induction of oncogenic Ras-ERK signaling leads to rapid changes in division orientation that, along with the effects of RasV12 on cell growth and cell-cycle progression, are likely to disrupt epithelial tissue organization and contribute to cancer dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Ganguli
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tom Wyatt
- Laboratoirè Matiere et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, Bâtiment Condorcet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Agata Nyga
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Rachel H Lawson
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tim Meyer
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Buzz Baum
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Helen K Matthews
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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22
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Ji C, Wang Y, Wang Q, Wang A, Ali A, McCulloch CA. TRPV4 regulates β1 integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions and collagen remodeling. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22946. [PMID: 37219464 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300222r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-type 4 (TRPV4) is a mechanosensitive, Ca2+ -permeable plasma membrane channel that associates with focal adhesions, influences collagen remodeling, and is associated with fibrotic processes through undefined mechanisms. While TRPV4 is known to be activated by mechanical forces transmitted through collagen adhesion receptors containing the β1 integrin, it is not understood whether TRPV4 affects matrix remodeling by altering β1 integrin expression and function. We tested the hypothesis that TRPV4 regulates collagen remodeling through its impact on the β1 integrin in cell-matrix adhesions. In cultured fibroblasts derived from mouse gingival connective tissues, which exhibit very rapid collagen turnover, we found that higher TRPV4 expression is associated with reduced β1 integrin abundance and adhesion to collagen, reduced focal adhesion size and total adhesion area, and reduced alignment and compaction of extracellular fibrillar collagen. The reduction of β1 integrin expression mediated by TRPV4 is associated with the upregulation of miRNAs that target β1 integrin mRNA. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which TRPV4 modulates collagen remodeling through post-transcriptional downregulation of β1 integrin expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfan Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qin Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aiman Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher A McCulloch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Jetta D, Shireen T, Hua SZ. Epithelial cells sense local stiffness via Piezo1 mediated cytoskeletal reorganization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1198109. [PMID: 37293127 PMCID: PMC10244755 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1198109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Local substrate stiffness is one of the major mechanical inputs for tissue organization during its development and remodeling. It is widely recognized that adherent cells use transmembrane proteins (integrins) at focal adhesions to translate ECM mechanical cues into intracellular bioprocess. Here we show that epithelial cells respond to substrate stiffening primarily via actin cytoskeleton organization, that requires activation of mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels. Piezo1 Knockdown cells eliminated the actin stress fibers that formed on stiff substrates, while it had minimal effect on cell morphology and spreading area. Inhibition of Piezo1 channels with GsMTx4 also significantly reduced stiffness-induced F-actin reorganization, suggesting Piezo1 mediated cation current plays a role. Activation of Piezo1 channels with specific agonist (Yoda1) resulted in thickening of F-actin fibers and enlargement of FAs on stiffer substrates, whereas it did not affect the formation of nascent FAs that facilitate spreading on the soft substrates. These results demonstrate that Piezo1 functions as a force sensor that couples with actin cytoskeleton to distinguish the substrate stiffness and facilitate epithelial adaptive remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deekshitha Jetta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Tasnim Shireen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Susan Z. Hua
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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24
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Holland EN, Lobaccaro D, Fu J, García AJ. Impact of adhesive area on cellular traction force and spread area. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:609-617. [PMID: 36808220 PMCID: PMC10023502 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cells integrate endogenous and exogenous mechanical forces to sense and respond to environmental signals. In particular, cell-generated microscale traction forces regulate cellular functions and impact macroscale tissue function and development. Many groups have developed tools for measuring cellular traction forces, including microfabricated post array detectors (mPADs). mPADs are a powerful tool that provides direct traction force measurements through imaging post deflections and utilizing Bernoulli-Euler beam theory. In this technical note, we investigated how mPADs presenting two different top surface areas but similar effective stiffness influence cellular spread area and traction forces for murine embryonic fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stromal cells. When focal adhesion size was restricted via mPAD top surface area, we observed a decrease in both cell spread area and cell traction forces as the mPAD top surface area decreased, but the traction force-cell area linear relationship was maintained, which is indicative of cell contractility. We conclude that the mPAD top surface area is an important parameter to consider when utilizing mPADs to measure cellular traction forces. Furthermore, the slope of the traction force-cell area linear relationship provides a useful metric to characterize cell contractility on mPADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah N. Holland
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deborah Lobaccaro
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrés J. García
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Joshi VB, Gutierrez Ruiz OL, Razidlo GL. The Cell Biology of Metastatic Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer: Updates and Mechanistic Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072169. [PMID: 37046830 PMCID: PMC10093482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This is largely due to the lack of routine screening protocols, an absence of symptoms in early-stage disease leading to late detection, and a paucity of effective treatment options. Critically, the majority of patients either present with metastatic disease or rapidly develop metastatic disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to deepen our understanding of metastasis in PDAC. During metastasis, tumor cells escape from the primary tumor, enter the circulation, and travel to a distant site to form a secondary tumor. In order to accomplish this relatively rare event, tumor cells develop an enhanced ability to detach from the primary tumor, migrate into the surrounding matrix, and invade across the basement membrane. In addition, cancer cells interact with the various cell types and matrix proteins that comprise the tumor microenvironment, with some of these factors working to promote metastasis and others working to suppress it. In PDAC, many of these processes are not well understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the cell biology of the early steps of the metastatic cascade in pancreatic cancer. Specifically, we will examine the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PDAC and its requirement for metastasis, summarize our understanding of how PDAC cells invade and degrade the surrounding matrix, and discuss how migration and adhesion dynamics are regulated in PDAC to optimize cancer cell motility. In addition, the role of the tumor microenvironment in PDAC will also be discussed for each of these invasive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhu B Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Omar L Gutierrez Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gina L Razidlo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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26
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Lei X, Miao S, Wang X, Gao Y, Wu H, Cheng P, Song Y, Bi L, Pei G. Microgroove Cues Guiding Fibrogenesis of Stem Cells via Intracellular Force. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:16380-16393. [PMID: 36961871 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Groove patterns are widely used in material surface modifications. However, the independent role of ditches/ridges in regulating fibrosis of soft tissues is not well-understood, especially the lack of linkage evidence in vitro and in vivo. Herein, two kinds of combinational microgroove chips with the gradient ditch/ridge width were fabricated by photolithography technology, termed R and G groups, respectively. In group R, the ridge width was 1, 5, 10, and 30 μm, with a ditch width of 30 μm; in group G, the groove width was 5, 10, 20, and 30 μm, and the ridge width was 5 μm. The effect of microgrooves on the morphology, proliferation, and expression of fibrous markers of stem cells was systematically investigated in vitro. Moreover, thicknesses of fibrous capsules were evaluated after chips were implanted into the muscular pouches of rats for 5 months. The results show that microgrooves have almost no effect on cell proliferation but significantly modulate the morphology of cells and focal adhesions (FAs) in vitro, as well as fibrosis differentiation. In particular, the differentiation of stem cells is attenuated after the intracellular force caused by stress fibers and FAs is interfered by drugs, such as rotenone and blebbistatin. Histological analysis shows that patterns of high intracellular force can apparently stimulate soft tissue fibrosis in vivo. This study not only reveals the specific rules and mechanisms of ditch/ridge regulating stem cell behaviors but also offers insight into tailoring implant surface patterns to induce controlled soft tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Sheng Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, No. 6019 Liuxian Street, Xili Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Pengzhen Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Long Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guoxian Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, No. 6019 Liuxian Street, Xili Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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27
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Riivari S, Närvä E, Kangasniemi I, Willberg J, Närhi T. Focal adhesion formation of primary human gingival fibroblast on hydrothermally and in-sol-made TiO 2 -coated titanium. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2023. [PMID: 36815407 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Optimal cell adhesion of the gingival fibroblasts to dental implants is important for maintaining good implant integration. The aim of this study was to discover, if the nanoporous TiO2 -coating on titanium alloy substrates is able to increase the cell adhesion of the human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The study consisted of three differently produced titanium groups: hydrothermally produced TiO2 -coating (HT), novel TiO2 -coating made in sol (SOL), and noncoated control group. Primary HGF cells were initiated from gingival biopsies from patients having a third molar extraction. HGF were cultivated on titanium discs for 2 and 24 h to determine the initial attachment with confocal microscope. The cell spreading and adhesion protein signals were measured. In addition, expression of adhesion proteins vinculin, paxillin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were measured after 3 days of cultivation by using Western Blotting. Higher protein levels of paxillin, vinculin, and FAK were induced on both coated discs compared to noncoated discs. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) concerning expression of paxillin. The cell spreading was significantly larger on SOL discs after 2 and 24 h when comparing to noncoated controls. The confocal microscope analyses revealed significantly higher adhesion protein signals on both HT- and SOL-coated titanium compared to control group. This study showed, that both methods to produce TiO2 -coatings are able to increase HGF adhesion protein expression and cell spreading on titanium surface. Accordingly, the coatings can potentially improve the gingival attachment to titanium implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Riivari
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elisa Närvä
- Institute of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN West, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jaana Willberg
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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28
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Lachuer H, Le L, Lévêque-Fort S, Goud B, Schauer K. Spatial organization of lysosomal exocytosis relies on membrane tension gradients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2207425120. [PMID: 36800388 PMCID: PMC9974462 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207425120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal exocytosis is involved in many key cellular processes but its spatiotemporal regulation is poorly known. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and spatial statistics, we observed that lysosomal exocytosis is not random at the adhesive part of the plasma membrane of RPE1 cells but clustered at different scales. Although the rate of exocytosis is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton, neither interfering with actin or microtubule dynamics by drug treatments alters its spatial organization. Exocytosis events partially co-appear at focal adhesions (FAs) and their clustering is reduced upon removal of FAs. Changes in membrane tension following a hypo-osmotic shock or treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin were found to increase clustering. To investigate the link between FAs and membrane tension, cells were cultured on adhesive ring-shaped micropatterns, which allow to control the spatial organization of FAs. By using a combination of TIRFM and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), we revealed the existence of a radial gradient in membrane tension. By changing the diameter of micropatterned substrates, we further showed that this gradient as well as the extent of exocytosis clustering can be controlled. Together, our data indicate that the spatial clustering of lysosomal exocytosis relies on membrane tension patterning controlled by the spatial organization of FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Lachuer
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, CNRS UMR 144 Cell Biology and Cancer, 75005Paris, France
| | - Laurent Le
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sandrine Lévêque-Fort
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay91405, Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, CNRS UMR 144 Cell Biology and Cancer, 75005Paris, France
| | - Kristine Schauer
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, CNRS UMR 144 Cell Biology and Cancer, 75005Paris, France
- Tumor Cell Dynamics Unit, Inserm U1279 Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif94800, France
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29
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Nguyen TMH, Lai YS, Chen YC, Lin TC, Nguyen NT, Chiu WT. Hypoxia-induced YAP activation and focal adhesion turnover to promote cell migration in mesenchymal TNBC cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9723-9737. [PMID: 36757143 PMCID: PMC10166962 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is commonly characterized by malignant tumors that promote the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with approximately 46% capacity related to distant metastasis. Transcriptional factor yes-associated protein (YAP), a core component of the Hippo pathway, is associated with poor prognosis and outcome in cancer metastasis. Here, we explored the effect of hypoxia-mediated YAP activation and focal adhesions (FAs) turnover in mesenchymal TNBC cell migration. METHODS We characterized the effect of hypoxia on YAP in different breast cancer cell lines using a hypoxia chamber and CoCl2 . RESULTS Hypoxia-induced YAP nuclear translocation is significantly observed in normal breast epithelial cells, non-TNBC cells, mesenchymal TNBC cells, but not in basal-like TNBC cells. Functionally, we demonstrated that YAP activation was required for hypoxia to promote mesenchymal TNBC cell migration. Furthermore, hypoxia induced the localization of FAs at the leading edge of mesenchymal TNBC cells. In contrast, verteporfin (VP), a YAP inhibitor, significantly reduced the migration and the recruitment of nascent FAs at the cell periphery under hypoxia conditions, which only showed in mesenchymal TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that YAP is novel factor and positively responsible for hypoxia-promoting mesenchymal TNBC cell migration. Our findings provide further evidence and outcomes to help prevent the progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi My Hang Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shyun Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ngoc Thang Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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30
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Geiger B, Boujemaa-Paterski R, Winograd-Katz SE, Balan Venghateri J, Chung WL, Medalia O. The Actin Network Interfacing Diverse Integrin-Mediated Adhesions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020294. [PMID: 36830665 PMCID: PMC9953007 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interface between the cellular actin network and diverse forms of integrin-mediated cell adhesions displays a unique capacity to serve as accurate chemical and mechanical sensors of the cell's microenvironment. Focal adhesion-like structures of diverse cell types, podosomes in osteoclasts, and invadopodia of invading cancer cells display distinct morphologies and apparent functions. Yet, all three share a similar composition and mode of coupling between a protrusive structure (the lamellipodium, the core actin bundle of the podosome, and the invadopodia protrusion, respectively), and a nearby adhesion site. Cytoskeletal or external forces, applied to the adhesion sites, trigger a cascade of unfolding and activation of key adhesome components (e.g., talin, vinculin, integrin), which in turn, trigger the assembly of adhesion sites and generation of adhesion-mediated signals that affect cell behavior and fate. The structural and molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic crosstalk between the actin cytoskeleton and the adhesome network are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (O.M.)
| | - Rajaa Boujemaa-Paterski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabina E. Winograd-Katz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jubina Balan Venghateri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Wen-Lu Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (O.M.)
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31
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Sbrana FV, Fiordi B, Bordini J, Belloni D, Barbaglio F, Russo L, Scarfò L, Ghia P, Scielzo C. PYK2 is overexpressed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: A potential new therapeutic target. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:576-586. [PMID: 36747338 PMCID: PMC9930416 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is the most common adult B-cell leukaemia and despite improvement in patients' outcome, following the use of targeted therapies, it remains incurable. CLL supportive microenvironment plays a key role in both CLL progression and drug resistance through signals that can be sensed by the main components of the focal adhesion complex, such as FAK and PYK2 kinases. Dysregulations of both kinases have been observed in several metastatic cancers, but their role in haematological malignancies is still poorly defined. We characterized FAK and PYK2 expression and observed that PYK2 expression is higher in leukaemic B cells and its overexpression significantly correlates with their malignant transformation. When targeting both FAK and PYK2 with the specific inhibitor defactinib, we observed a dose-response effect on CLL cells viability and survival. In vivo treatment of a CLL mouse model showed a decrease of the leukaemic clone in all the lymphoid organs along with a significant reduction of macrophages and of the spleen weight and size. Our results first define a possible prognostic value for PYK2 in CLL, and show that both FAK and PYK2 might become putative targets for both CLL and its microenvironment (e.g. macrophages), thus paving the way to an innovative therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vittoria Sbrana
- Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling Unit, Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Benedetta Fiordi
- Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling Unit, Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- School of MedicineUniversità Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Jessica Bordini
- B‐cell neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Daniela Belloni
- B‐cell neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Federica Barbaglio
- Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling Unit, Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Luca Russo
- Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling Unit, Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Lydia Scarfò
- School of MedicineUniversità Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- B‐cell neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Paolo Ghia
- School of MedicineUniversità Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- B‐cell neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Cristina Scielzo
- Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling Unit, Division of Experimental OncologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
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Carton F, Casarella S, Di Francesco D, Zanella E, D'urso A, Di Nunno L, Fusaro L, Cotella D, Prat M, Follenzi A, Boccafoschi F. Cardiac Differentiation Promotes Focal Adhesions Assembly through Vinculin Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the cardiovascular system are physiologically exposed to a variety of mechanical forces fundamental for both cardiac development and functions. In this context, forces generated by actomyosin networks and those transmitted through focal adhesion (FA) complexes represent the key regulators of cellular behaviors in terms of cytoskeleton dynamism, cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and tissue organization. In this study, we investigated the involvement of FAs on cardiomyocyte differentiation. In particular, vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family, which are known to be involved in cardiac differentiation, were studied. Results revealed that differentiation conditions induce an upregulation of both FAK-Tyr397 and vinculin, resulting also in the translocation to the cell membrane. Moreover, the role of mechanical stress in contractile phenotype expression was investigated by applying a uniaxial mechanical stretching (5% substrate deformation, 1 Hz frequency). Morphological evaluation revealed that the cell shape showed a spindle shape and reoriented following the stretching direction. Substrate deformation resulted also in modification of the length and the number of vinculin-positive FAs. We can, therefore, suggest that mechanotransductive pathways, activated through FAs, are highly involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation, thus confirming their role during cytoskeleton rearrangement and cardiac myofilament maturation.
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Shi H, Wang C, Gao BZ, Henderson JH, Ma Z. Cooperation between myofibril growth and costamere maturation in human cardiomyocytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1049523. [PMID: 36394013 PMCID: PMC9663467 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1049523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Costameres, as striated muscle-specific cell adhesions, anchor both M-lines and Z-lines of the sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. Previous studies have demonstrated that costameres intimately participate in the initial assembly of myofibrils. However, how costamere maturation cooperates with myofibril growth is still underexplored. In this work, we analyzed zyxin (costameres), α-actinin (Z-lines) and myomesin (M-lines) to track the behaviors of costameres and myofibrils within the cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs). We quantified the assembly and maturation of costameres associated with the process of myofibril growth within the hiPSC-CMs in a time-dependent manner. We found that asynchrony existed not only between the maturation of myofibrils and costameres, but also between the formation of Z-costameres and M-costameres that associated with different structural components of the sarcomeres. This study helps us gain more understanding of how costameres assemble and incorporate into the cardiomyocyte sarcomeres, which sheds a light on cardiomyocyte mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Shi
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States,BioInspired Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Chenyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States,BioInspired Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Bruce Z. Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - James H. Henderson
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States,BioInspired Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States,BioInspired Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Zhen Ma,
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Brás MM, Cruz TB, Maia AF, Oliveira MJ, Sousa SR, Granja PL, Radmacher M. Mechanical Properties of Colorectal Cancer Cells Determined by Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy: A Novel Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205053. [PMID: 36291838 PMCID: PMC9600571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is presently the third-most abundant and the second-most lethal cancer worldwide. Thus, there is a real and urgent need to investigate the processes behind the appearance, development, and proliferation of CRC cells. Several biochemical pathways have been investigated to understand their role in oncogene activation and tumor-suppressor gene inhibition. Despite the research increase in biochemistry, there is still a need to better understand the biophysical cues that drive the activation of signaling pathways relevant to mechanotransduction and cell transformation. The elucidation of these biological processes may help to hinder oncogenic mechanisms and to find biomarkers that could be used to design more personalized therapeutic strategies. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been addressed in the framework of molecular, cellular biology, and biochemical traits. A new approach to studying CRC is focused on the relationship between biochemical pathways and biophysical cues, which may contribute to disease understanding and therapy development. Herein, we investigated the mechanical properties of CRC cells, namely, HCT116, HCT15, and SW620, using static and dynamic methodologies by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The static method quantifies Young’s modulus; the dynamic method allows the determination of elasticity, viscosity, and fluidity. AFM results were correlated with confocal laser scanning microscopy and cell migration assay data. The SW620 metastatic cells presented the highest Young’s and storage moduli, with a defined cortical actin ring with distributed F-actin filaments, scarce vinculin expression, abundant total focal adhesions (FAK), and no filopodia formation, which could explain the lessened migratory behavior. In contrast, HCT15 cells presented lower Young’s and storage moduli, high cortical tubulin, less cortical F-actin and less FAK, and more filopodia formation, probably explaining the higher migratory behavior. HCT116 cells presented Young’s and storage moduli values in between the other cell lines, high cortical F-actin expression, intermediate levels of total FAK, and abundant filopodia formation, possibly explaining the highest migratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Manuela Brás
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia B. Cruz
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - André F. Maia
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana R. Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro L. Granja
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manfred Radmacher
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Samsó P, Koch PA, Posor Y, Lo WT, Belabed H, Nazare M, Laporte J, Haucke V. Antagonistic control of active surface integrins by myotubularin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2β in a myotubular myopathy model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202236119. [PMID: 36161941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202236119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked centronuclear myopathy (XLCNM) is a severe human disease without existing therapies caused by mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase MTM1. Loss of MTM1 function is associated with muscle fiber defects characterized by impaired localization of β-integrins and other components of focal adhesions. Here we show that defective focal adhesions and reduced active β-integrin surface levels in a cellular model of XLCNM are rescued by loss of phosphatidylinositiol 3-kinase C2β (PI3KC2β) function. Inactivation of the Mtm1 gene impaired myoblast differentiation into myotubes and resulted in reduced surface levels of active β1-integrins as well as corresponding defects in focal adhesions. These phenotypes were rescued by concomitant genetic loss of Pik3c2b or pharmacological inhibition of PI3KC2β activity. We further demonstrate that a hitherto unknown role of PI3KC2β in the endocytic trafficking of active β1-integrins rather than rescue of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels underlies the ability of Pik3c2b to act as a genetic modifier of cellular XLCNM phenotypes. Our findings reveal a crucial antagonistic function of MTM1 and PI3KC2β in the control of active β-integrin surface levels, thereby providing a molecular mechanism for the adhesion and myofiber defects observed in XLCNM. They further suggest specific pharmacological inhibition of PI3KC2β catalysis as a viable treatment option for XLCNM patients.
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Aziz AUR, Deng S, Jin Y, Li N, Zhang Z, Yu X, Liu B. The explorations of dynamic interactions of paxillin at the focal adhesions. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2022; 1870:140825. [PMID: 35926716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paxillin is one of the most important adapters in integrin-mediated adhesions that performs numerous crucial functions relying on its dynamic interactions. Its structural behavior serves different purposes, providing a base for several activities. The various domains of paxillin display different functions in the whole process of cell movements and have a significant role in cell adhesion, migration, signal transmission, and protein-protein interactions. On the other hand, some paxillin-associated proteins provide a unique spatiotemporal mechanism for regulating its dynamic characteristics in the tissue homeostasis and make it a more complex and decisive protein at the focal adhesions. This review briefly describes the structural adaptations and molecular mechanisms of recruitment of paxillin into adhesions, explains paxillin's binding dynamics and impact on adhesion stability and turnover, and reveals a variety of paxillin-associated regulatory mechanisms and how paxillin is embedded into the signaling networks.
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Ghorbani S, Shahrokhtash A, Gautrot JE, Sutherland DS. Protein Ligand Nanopattern Size Selects for Cellular Adhesion via Hemidesmosomes over Focal Adhesions. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2200152. [PMID: 35451210 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes (HDs) are multiprotein complexes that firmly anchor epidermal cells to the basement membrane of skin through the interconnection of the cytoplasmic intermediate filaments with extracellular laminin 332 (Ln332). Considerably less attention has been paid to HDs compared to focal complexes/focal adhesions (FC/FAs) in mechanistic single-cell structures due to the lack of suitable in vitro model systems. Here nanopatterns of Ln332 (100-1000 nm) are created to direct and study the formation of HD in adherent HaCaT cells. It is observed that HaCaT cells at Ln 332 nanopatterns adhere via hemidesmosomes, in stark contrast to cells at homogeneous Ln332 surfaces that adhere via FC/FAs. Clustering of α6 integrin is observed at nanopatterned Ln332 of 300 nm patches and larger. Cells at 500 nm diameter patterns show strong colocalization of α6 integrin with ColXVII or pan-cytokeratin compared to 300 nm/1000 nm indicating a threshold for HD initiation >100 nm but a pattern size selection for maturation of HDs. It is demonstrated that the pattern of Ln332 can determine the cellular selection of adhesion types with a size-dependent initiation and maturation of HDs. The protein nanopatterning approach that is presented provides a new in vitro route to study the role of HDs in cell signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Ghorbani
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
- The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Ali Shahrokhtash
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
- The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
- The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
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Abstract
Among the novel mutations distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from similar respiratory coronaviruses is a K403R substitution in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike (S) protein within its S1 region. This amino acid substitution occurs near the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-binding interface and gives rise to a canonical RGD adhesion motif that is often found in native extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin. In the present study, the ability of recombinant S1-RBD to bind to cell surface integrins and trigger downstream signaling pathways was assessed and compared to RGD-containing, integrin-binding fragments of fibronectin. S1-RBD supported adhesion of both fibronectin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts as well as primary human small airway epithelial cells. Cell adhesion to S1-RBD was cation- and RGD-dependent, and was inhibited by blocking antibodies against α v and β 3 , but not α 5 or β 1 , integrins. Similarly, direct binding of S1-RBD to recombinant human α v β 3 and α v β 6 integrins, but not α 5 β 1 integrins, was observed by surface plasmon resonance. Adhesion to S1-RBD initiated cell spreading, focal adhesion formation, and actin stress fiber organization to a similar extent as fibronectin. Moreover, S1-RBD stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the adhesion mediators FAK, Src, and paxillin, Akt activation, and supported cell proliferation. Together, these data demonstrate that the RGD sequence within S1-RBD can function as an α v -selective integrin agonist. This study provides evidence that cell surface α v -containing integrins can respond functionally to spike protein and raise the possibility that S1-mediated dysregulation of ECM dynamics may contribute to the pathogenesis and/or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G. Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Xuan Sabrina Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Denise C. Hocking
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
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Li H, Prever L, Hsu MY, Lo W, Margaria JP, De Santis MC, Zanini C, Forni M, Novelli F, Pece S, Di Fiore PP, Porporato PE, Martini M, Belabed H, Nazare M, Haucke V, Gulluni F, Hirsch E. Phosphoinositide Conversion Inactivates R-RAS and Drives Metastases in Breast Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2103249. [PMID: 35098698 PMCID: PMC8948670 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and a major cause of death in women worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention significantly improve patient survival rate, metastasis still accounts for most deaths. Here it is reported that, in a cohort of more than 2000 patients with breast cancer, overexpression of PI3KC2α occurs in 52% of cases and correlates with high tumor grade as well as increased probability of distant metastatic events, irrespective of the subtype. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that PI3KC2α synthetizes a pool of PI(3,4)P2 at focal adhesions that lowers their stability and directs breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. PI(3,4)P2 locally produced by PI3KC2α at focal adhesions recruits the Ras GTPase activating protein 3 (RASA3), which inactivates R-RAS, leading to increased focal adhesion turnover, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Proof-of-concept is eventually provided that inhibiting PI3KC2α or lowering RASA3 activity at focal adhesions significantly reduces the metastatic burden in PI3KC2α-overexpressing breast cancer, thereby suggesting a novel strategy for anti-breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Li
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Lorenzo Prever
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Myriam Y. Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Wen‐Ting Lo
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Berlin13125Germany
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Cristina Zanini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Marco Forni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSVia Ripamonti 435Milan20141Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilano20142Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSVia Ripamonti 435Milan20141Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilano20142Italy
| | - Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Hassane Belabed
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Berlin13125Germany
| | - Marc Nazare
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Berlin13125Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)Berlin13125Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität BerlinBerlin14195Germany
| | - Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin10126Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Directional cell migration due to mechanosensing for in vivo microenvironment, such as microgrooved surfaces, is an essential process in tissue growth and repair in both normal and pathological states. Cell migration responses on the microgrooved surfaces might be reflected by the cell type difference, which is deeply involved in cellular physiological functions. Although the responses are implicated in focal adhesions (FAs) of cells, limited information is available about cell migration behavior on the microgrooved surfaces whose dimensions are comparable with the size of FAs. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the cell orientation and migration behavior of normal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and cervical cancer HeLa cells on the microgrooved surface. METHOD The surface comprises shallow grooves with 2-μm width and approximately 150-nm depth, which indicates the same order of magnitude as that of the horizontal and vertical size of FAs, respectively. Moreover, VSMCs presenting well-aligned actin stress fibers with mature FAs revealed marked cell elongation and directional migration on the grooves; however, HeLa cells with nonoriented F-actin with smaller FAs did not. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy live cell imaging revealed that the internal force of the actin stress fibers was significantly higher in VSMCs than that in HeLa cells, and the increase or decrease in the cytoskeletal forces improved or diminished the sensing ability for shallow grooves, respectively. RESULTS The results strongly indicated that directional cell migration with contact guidance responses should be modulated by cell type-specific cytoskeletal arrangements and intracellular traction forces. The differences in cell type-specific orientation and migration responses can be emphasized on the microgrooves as large as the horizontal and vertical size of FAs. CONCLUSION The microgoove structure in the size range of the FA protein complex is a powerful tool to clarify subtle differences in the intracellular force-dependent substrate mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Nagayama
- Micro-Nano Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hanzawa
- Micro-Nano Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan
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Abstract
The sites of interaction between a cell and its surrounding microenvironment serve as dynamic signaling hubs that regulate cellular adaptations during developmental processes, immune functions, wound healing, cell migration, cancer invasion and metastasis, as well as in many other disease states. For most cell types, these interactions are established by integrin receptors binding directly to extracellular matrix proteins, such as the numerous collagens or fibronectin. For the cell, these points of contact provide vital cues by sampling environmental conditions, both chemical and physical. The overall regulation of this dynamic interaction involves both extracellular and intracellular components and can be highly variable. In this review, we highlight recent advances and hypotheses about the mechanisms and regulation of cell-ECM interactions, from the molecular to the tissue level, with a particular focus on cell migration. We then explore how cancer cell invasion and metastasis are deeply rooted in altered regulation of this vital interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Correspondence:
| | - Shayan S. Nazari
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Ramella M, Ribolla LM, de Curtis I. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation at the Plasma Membrane-Cytosol Interface: Common Players in Adhesion, Motility, and Synaptic Function. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167228. [PMID: 34487789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Networks of scaffold proteins and enzymes assemble at the interface between the cytosol and specific sites of the plasma membrane, where these networks guide distinct cellular functions. Some of these plasma membrane-associated platforms (PMAPs) include shared core components that are able to establish specific protein-protein interactions, to produce distinct supramolecular assemblies regulating dynamic processes as diverse as cell adhesion and motility, or the formation and function of neuronal synapses. How cells organize such dynamic networks is still an open question. In this review we introduce molecular networks assembling at the edge of migrating cells, and at pre- and postsynaptic sites, which share molecular players that can drive the assembly of biomolecular condensates. Very recent experimental evidence has highlighted the emerging role of some of these multidomain/scaffold proteins belonging to the GIT, liprin-α and ELKS/ERC families as drivers of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The data point to an important role of LLPS: (i) in the formation of PMAPs at the edge of migrating cells, where LLPS appears to be involved in promoting protrusion and the turnover of integrin-mediated adhesions, to allow forward cell translocation; (ii) in the assembly of the presynaptic active zone and of the postsynaptic density deputed to the release and reception of neurotransmitter signals, respectively. The recent results indicate that LLPS at cytosol-membrane interfaces is suitable not only for the regulation of active cellular processes, but also for the continuous spatial rearrangements of the molecular interactions involved in these dynamic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ramella
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lucrezia Maria Ribolla
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ivan de Curtis
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix interactions, or focal adhesions (FA), are crucial for tissue homeostasis but are also implicated in cancer. Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) is an abundantly expressed FA protein involved in multiple signaling pathways. Here, we reviewed the current literature on the role of ILK in breast cancer (BC). Articles included in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as studies in human BC samples. ILK attenuation via silencing or pharmaceutical inhibition, leads to apoptosis or inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cell invasion whereas ILK overexpression suppresses anoikis and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Finally, ILK is upregulated in BC tumors and its expression is associated with grade, and metastasis. Therefore, ILK should be evaluated as a potential anti-cancer pharmaceutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tsirtsaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus , Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus , Nicosia, Cyprus
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Pérez-Moreno A, Reyes-Peces MV, Vilches-Pérez JI, Fernández-Montesinos R, Pinaglia-Tobaruela G, Salido M, de la Rosa-Fox N, Piñero M. Effect of Washing Treatment on the Textural Properties and Bioactivity of Silica/Chitosan/TCP Xerogels for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8321. [PMID: 34361087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica/biopolymer hydrogel-based materials constitute very attractive platforms for various emerging biomedical applications, particularly for bone repair. The incorporation of calcium phosphates in the hybrid network allows for designing implants with interesting biological properties. Here, we introduce a synthesis procedure for obtaining silica–chitosan (CS)–tricalcium phosphate (TCP) xerogels, with CS nominal content varying from 4 to 40 wt.% and 10 to 20 wt.% TCP. Samples were obtained using the sol-gel process assisted with ultrasound probe, and the influence of ethanol or water as washing solvents on surface area, micro- and mesopore volume, and average pore size were examined in order to optimize their textural properties. Three washing solutions with different soaking conditions were tested: 1 or 7 days in absolute ethanol and 30 days in distilled water, resulting in E1, E7, and W30 washing series, respectively. Soaked samples were eventually dried by evaporative drying at air ambient pressure, and the formation of interpenetrated hybrid structures was suggested by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition the impact that both washing solvent and TCP content have on the biodegradation, in vitro bioactivity and osteoconduction of xerogels were explored. It was found that calcium and phosphate-containing ethanol-washed xerogels presented in vitro release of calcium (2–12 mg/L) and silicon ions (~60–75 mg/L) after one week of soaking in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), as revealed by inductive coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy analysis. However, only the release of silicon was detected for water-washed samples. Besides, all the samples exhibited in vitro bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), as well as enhanced in vitro cell growth and also significant focal adhesion development and maturation.
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Sahana J, Corydon TJ, Wehland M, Krüger M, Kopp S, Melnik D, Kahlert S, Relja B, Infanger M, Grimm D. Alterations of Growth and Focal Adhesion Molecules in Human Breast Cancer Cells Exposed to the Random Positioning Machine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672098. [PMID: 34277614 PMCID: PMC8278480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated changes in focal adhesions (FAs) in two types of breast cancer cell (BCC) lines (differentiated MCF-7 and the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line) exposed to simulated microgravity (s-μg) created by a random positioning machine (RPM) for 24 h. After exposure, the BCC changed their growth behavior and exhibited two phenotypes in RPM samples: one portion of the cells grew as a normal two-dimensional monolayer [adherent (AD) BCC], while the other portion formed three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids (MCS). After 1 h and 30 min (MDA-MB-231) and 1 h 40 min (MCF-7), the MCS adhered completely to the slide flask bottom. After 2 h, MDA-MB-231 MCS cells started to migrate, and after 6 h, a large number of the cells had left the MCS and continued to grow in a scattered pattern, whereas MCF-7 cells were growing as a confluent monolayer after 6 h and 24 h. We investigated the genes associated with the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix and FAs. ACTB, TUBB, FN1, FAK1, and PXN gene expression patterns were not significantly changed in MDA-MB-231 cells, but we observed a down-regulation of LAMA3, ITGB1 mRNAs in AD cells and of ITGB1, TLN1 and VCL mRNAs in MDA-MB-231 MCS. RPM-exposed MCF-7 cells revealed a down-regulation in the gene expression of FAK1, PXN, TLN1, VCL and CDH1 in AD cells and PXN, TLN and CDH1 in MCS. An interaction analysis of the examined genes involved in 3D growth and adhesion indicated a central role of fibronectin, vinculin, and E-cadherin. Live cell imaging of eGFP-vinculin in MCF-7 cells confirmed these findings. β-catenin-transfected MCF-7 cells revealed a nuclear expression in 1g and RPM-AD cells. The target genes BCL9, MYC and JUN of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were differentially expressed in RPM-exposed MCF-7 cells. These findings suggest that vinculin and β-catenin are key mediators of BCC to form MCS during 24 h of RPM-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group "Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen" (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group "Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen" (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group "Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen" (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Melnik
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Experimental Radiology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group "Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen" (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group "Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen" (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Schäringer K, Maxeiner S, Schalla C, Rütten S, Zenke M, Sechi A. LSP1-myosin1e bimolecular complex regulates focal adhesion dynamics and cell migration. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21268. [PMID: 33470457 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000740rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several cytoskeleton-associated proteins and signaling pathways work in concert to regulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell adhesion, and migration. Although the leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) has been shown to interact with the actin cytoskeleton, its function in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics is, as yet, not fully understood. We have recently demonstrated that the bimolecular complex between LSP1 and myosin1e controls actin cytoskeleton remodeling during phagocytosis. In this study, we show that LSP1 downregulation severely impairs cell migration, lamellipodia formation, and focal adhesion dynamics in macrophages. Inhibition of the interaction between LSP1 and myosin1e also impairs these processes resulting in poorly motile cells, which are characterized by few and small lamellipodia. Furthermore, cells in which LSP1-myosin1e interaction is inhibited are typically associated with inefficient focal adhesion turnover. Collectively, our findings show that the LSP1-myosin1e bimolecular complex plays a pivotal role in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling and focal adhesion dynamics required for cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schäringer
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Maxeiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen Schalla
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Ordas L, Costa L, Lozano A, Chevillard C, Calovoulos A, Kantar D, Fernandez L, Chauvin L, Dosset P, Doucet C, Heron-Milhavet L, Odintsova E, Berditchevski F, Milhiet PE, Bénistant C. Mechanical Control of Cell Migration by the Metastasis Suppressor Tetraspanin CD82/KAI1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061545. [PMID: 34207462 PMCID: PMC8234748 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a key actor of cell migration. For instance, its tension controls persistent cell migration and cell surface caveolae integrity. Then, caveolae constituents such as caveolin-1 can initiate a mechanotransduction loop that involves actin- and focal adhesion-dependent control of the mechanosensor YAP to finely tune cell migration. Tetraspanin CD82 (also named KAI-1) is an integral membrane protein and a metastasis suppressor. Its expression is lost in many cancers including breast cancer. It is a strong inhibitor of cell migration by a little-known mechanism. We demonstrated here that CD82 controls persistent 2D migration of EGF-induced single cells, stress fibers and focal adhesion sizes and dynamics. Mechanistically, we found that CD82 regulates membrane tension, cell surface caveolae abundance and YAP nuclear translocation in a caveolin-1-dependent manner. Altogether, our data show that CD82 controls 2D cell migration using membrane-driven mechanics involving caveolin and the YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ordas
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Luca Costa
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Anthony Lozano
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Christopher Chevillard
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Alexia Calovoulos
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Diala Kantar
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194—University Montpellier—Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France; (D.K.); (L.H.-M.)
| | - Laurent Fernandez
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
- European Institute of Chemistry and Biology (IECB), University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Lucie Chauvin
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, University Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Patrice Dosset
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Christine Doucet
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Lisa Heron-Milhavet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194—University Montpellier—Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France; (D.K.); (L.H.-M.)
| | - Elena Odintsova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Fedor Berditchevski
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Milhiet
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.-E.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Christine Bénistant
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.-E.M.); (C.B.)
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Wörthmüller J, Rüegg C. MAGI1, a Scaffold Protein with Tumor Suppressive and Vascular Functions. Cells 2021; 10:1494. [PMID: 34198584 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MAGI1 is a cytoplasmic scaffolding protein initially identified as a component of cell-to-cell contacts stabilizing cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells. Clinical-pathological and experimental evidence indicates that MAGI1 expression is decreased in some inflammatory diseases, and also in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal, cervical, breast, brain, and gastric cancers and appears to act as a tumor suppressor, modulating the activity of oncogenic pathways such as the PI3K/AKT and the Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Genomic mutations and other mechanisms such as mechanical stress or inflammation have been described to regulate MAGI1 expression. Intriguingly, in breast and colorectal cancers, MAGI1 expression is induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), suggesting a role in mediating the tumor suppressive activity of NSAIDs. More recently, MAGI1 was found to localize at mature focal adhesion and to regulate integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling in endothelial cells. Here, we review MAGI1′s role as scaffolding protein, recent developments in the understanding of MAGI1 function as tumor suppressor gene, its role in endothelial cells and its implication in cancer and vascular biology. We also discuss outstanding questions about its regulation and potential translational implications in oncology.
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Modaresifar K, Ganjian M, Angeloni L, Minneboo M, Ghatkesar MK, Hagedoorn PL, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA. On the Use of Black Ti as a Bone Substituting Biomaterial: Behind the Scenes of Dual-Functionality. Small 2021; 17:e2100706. [PMID: 33978318 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the potential of small-scale pillars of black titanium (bTi) for killing the bacteria and directing the fate of stem cells, not much is known about the effects of the pillars' design parameters on their biological properties. Here, three distinct bTi surfaces are designed and fabricated through dry etching of the titanium, each featuring different pillar designs. The interactions of the surfaces with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are then investigated. Pillars with different heights and spatial organizations differently influence the morphological characteristics of the cells, including their spreading area, aspect ratio, nucleus area, and cytoskeletal organization. The preferential formation of focal adhesions (FAs) and their size variations also depend on the type of topography. When the pillars are neither fully separated nor extremely tall, the colocalization of actin fibers and FAs as well as an enhanced matrix mineralization are observed. However, the killing efficiency of these pillars against the bacteria is not as high as that of fully separated and tall pillars. This study provides a new perspective on the dual-functionality of bTi surfaces and elucidates how the surface design and fabrication parameters can be used to achieve a surface topography with balanced bactericidal and osteogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Modaresifar
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Mahya Ganjian
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Livia Angeloni
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Minneboo
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Murali K Ghatkesar
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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50
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Anderson CA, Kovar DR, Gardel ML, Winkelman JD. LIM domain proteins in cell mechanobiology. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:303-311. [PMID: 34028199 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is important for maintaining mechanical homeostasis in adherent cells, largely through its regulation of adhesion and cortical tension. The LIM (Lin-11, Isl1, MEC-3) domain-containing proteins are involved in a myriad of cellular mechanosensitive pathways. Recent work has discovered that LIM domains bind to mechanically stressed actin filaments, suggesting a novel and widely conserved mechanism of mechanosensing. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of LIM protein mechanosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Anderson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan D Winkelman
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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