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Puri S, Singh S, Sohal SK. Oviposition behaviour and biochemical response of an insect pest, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to plant phenolic compound phloroglucinol. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 255:109291. [PMID: 35121130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are the secondary metabolites (SMs) present in plants carrying different bioactivities. In the present study, we explored the influence of a phenolic compound namely phloroglucinol on oviposition behaviour and different biochemical entities of an insect pest Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) using artificial diet. Phloroglucinol (IUPAC name: benzene-1,3,5-triol) affected the activity of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes viz. superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidases (APOX). dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), peroxidases (POX), phenol oxidase (PO), glutathione peroxidase (GPOX), glutathione S-transferase peroxidase (GSTpox), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and esterases (EST) as well as the biological antioxidants viz. ascorbate content and glutathione. The lipid peroxide content (LP) and hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2) were significantly enhanced in the treated larvae indicating oxidative stress in the insect. Significant inhibition in oviposition was observed and effective repellency percentage increased with phloroglucinol treatment as compared to control. The oviposition deterrent activity and toxic effects of phloroglucinol on various biochemical parameters of Z. cucurbitae larvae revealed in the present study clearly confirms its suitability for use in pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Puri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Sumit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Satwinder Kaur Sohal
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
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Justino AB, Guerra Silva HC, Franco RR, de Oliveira Cavalcante Pimentel I, Silva NF, Saraiva AL, Espindola FS. Flavonoids and proanthocyanidins-rich fractions from Eugenia dysenterica fruits and leaves inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products and the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 285:114902. [PMID: 34890729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Different parts of Eugenia dysenterica have been popularly used in Brazil for treating diabetes mellitus and its complications. The present study aimed to screen extracts from E. dysenterica fruit pulp, peel, seed and leaf for carbohydrate digestive enzymes inhibitors with antioxidant and anti-glycation capacities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol extracts of E. dysenterica were subjected to a liquid-liquid fractionation and the fractions were used to evaluate their antioxidant properties and inhibitory potential against the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase. RESULTS The ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAcF) from seed and the dichloromethane fraction (CH2Cl2F) and EtOAcF from leaf had high antioxidant capacities (ORAC >5500 μmol trolox eq g-1, FRAP >1500 μmol trolox eq g-1 and DPPH IC50 < 35 μg mL-1) and showed exceptional inhibitory activities against AGEs formation (glycation inhibition above 80% at 10 μg mL-1) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase (inhibition above 50% at 10 μg mL-1). The gallated B-types proanthocyanidins were the most active ingredients found in the leaf of E. dysenterica (CH2Cl2 and EtOAcF), being responsible for the notorious inhibitory effects against glycation and glycoside hydrolases due to their ortho-hydroxyl groups, which play role in scavenge and quench free radicals and glycated products, and may occupy the enzymes' substrate binding pocket. Furthermore, gallic acid, quercetin and its glycoside derivatives were detected by the first time in the E. dysenterica fruit seed (EtOAcF). CONCLUSIONS The results strongly contribute to the understanding of the antidiabetic potential of seeds and leaves from E. dysenterica, a species from a global biodiversity hotspot, which appears to be linked to the prevention of oxidative stress, AGEs production and postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisson Benatti Justino
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Heitor Cappato Guerra Silva
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues Franco
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Nicole Fernandes Silva
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Saraiva
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Biotechnology - Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Pará, 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Bird L, Miles M, Quade A, Spafford H. Insecticide resistance in Australian Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and development of testing procedures for resistance surveillance. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263677. [PMID: 35143580 PMCID: PMC8830740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a highly invasive noctuid pest first reported in northern Australia during early 2020. To document current status of resistance in S. frugiperda in Australia, insecticide toxicity was tested in field populations collected during the first year of establishment, between March 2020 and March 2021. Dose-response was measured by larval bioassay in 11 populations of S. frugiperda and a susceptible laboratory strain of Helicoverpa armigera. Emamectin benzoate was the most efficacious insecticide (LC50 0.023μg/ml) followed by chlorantraniliprole (LC50 0.055μg/ml), spinetoram (LC50 0.098μg/ml), spinosad (LC50 0.526μg/ml), and methoxyfenozide (1.413μg/ml). Indoxacarb was the least toxic selective insecticide on S. frugiperda (LC50 3.789μg/ml). Emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and methoxyfenozide were 2- to 7-fold less toxic on S. frugiperda compared with H. armigera while spinosyns were equally toxic on both species. Indoxacarb was 28-fold less toxic on S. frugiperda compared with H. armigera. There was decreased sensitivity to Group 1 insecticides and synthetic pyrethroids in S. frugiperda compared with H. armigera: toxicity was reduced up to 11-fold for methomyl, 56 to 199-fold for cyhalothrin, and 44 to 132-fold for alpha cypermethrin. Synergism bioassays with metabolic inhibitors suggest involvement of mixed function oxidase in pyrethroid resistance. Recommended diagnostic doses for emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad, methoxyfenozide and indoxacarb are 0.19, 1.0, 0.75, 6, 12 and 48μg/μl, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bird
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melina Miles
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam Quade
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Spafford
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Frank Wise Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kununurra, Western Australia, Australia
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Grigorenko VG, Khrenova MG, Andreeva IP, Rubtsova MY, Lev AI, Novikova TS, Detusheva EV, Fursova NK, Dyatlov IA, Egorov AM. Drug Repurposing of the Unithiol: Inhibition of Metallo-β-Lactamases for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031834. [PMID: 35163756 PMCID: PMC8837113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing antibiotic resistance is a clinical problem worldwide. Numerous Gram-negative bacteria have already become resistant to the most widely used class of antibacterial drugs, β-lactams. One of the main mechanisms is inactivation of β-lactam antibiotics by bacterial β-lactamases. Appearance and spread of these enzymes represent a continuous challenge for the clinical treatment of infections and for the design of new antibiotics and inhibitors. Drug repurposing is a prospective approach for finding new targets for drugs already approved for use. We describe here the inhibitory potency of known detoxifying antidote 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (unithiol) against metallo-β-lactamases. Unithiol acts as a competitive inhibitor of meropenem hydrolysis by recombinant metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1 with the KI of 16.7 µM. It is an order of magnitude lower than the KI for l-captopril, the inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme approved as a drug for the treatment of hypertension. Phenotypic methods demonstrate that the unithiol inhibits natural metallo-β-lactamases NDM-1 and VIM-2 produced by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa bacterial strains. The 3D full atom structures of unithiol complexes with NDM-1 and VIM-2 are obtained using QM/MM modeling. The thiol group is located between zinc cations of the active site occupying the same place as the catalytic hydroxide anion in the enzyme–substrate complex. The sulfate group forms both a coordination bond with a zinc cation and hydrogen bonds with the positively charged residue, lysine or arginine, responsible for proper orientation of antibiotics upon binding to the active site prior to hydrolysis. Thus, we demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that the unithiol is a prospective competitive inhibitor of metallo-β-lactamases and it can be utilized in complex therapy together with the known β-lactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly G. Grigorenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.A.); (M.Y.R.); (A.M.E.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.G.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Maria G. Khrenova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.A.); (M.Y.R.); (A.M.E.)
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.G.G.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Irina P. Andreeva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.A.); (M.Y.R.); (A.M.E.)
| | - Maya Yu. Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.A.); (M.Y.R.); (A.M.E.)
| | - Anastasia I. Lev
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia; (A.I.L.); (T.S.N.); (E.V.D.); (N.K.F.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Tatiana S. Novikova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia; (A.I.L.); (T.S.N.); (E.V.D.); (N.K.F.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Elena V. Detusheva
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia; (A.I.L.); (T.S.N.); (E.V.D.); (N.K.F.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Nadezhda K. Fursova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia; (A.I.L.); (T.S.N.); (E.V.D.); (N.K.F.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Ivan A. Dyatlov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia; (A.I.L.); (T.S.N.); (E.V.D.); (N.K.F.); (I.A.D.)
| | - Alexey M. Egorov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.P.A.); (M.Y.R.); (A.M.E.)
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Berger T, Vanselow J, Conley A, Almand TJ, Nitta-Oda BS. Multifaceted epigenetic regulation of porcine testicular aromatase. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 541:111526. [PMID: 34856344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Testicular aromatase catalyzes the synthesis of estradiol, which contributes to regulation of porcine Sertoli cell proliferation and postpubertal maintenance of Sertoli cell numbers. Although aromatase enzymatic activity decreases with age and is persistently reprogrammed by prepubertal treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole, the molecular bases for regulation have not been identified. DNA methylation was examined as a potential regulatory mechanism using DNA from Leydig cells isolated from 16-, 40-, and 68-week-old boars and from 68- week-old littermates treated with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole. Methylation levels of individual CpG dinucleotides located in the distal untranslated exon 1 of the relevant aromatase encoding gene, CYP19A3, were quite high in Leydig cell DNA, and increased further with maturity of boar (P < 0.05), while aromatase activity and transcript abundance decreased more than two-fold. However, reduced aromatase activity following letrozole treatment was not accompanied by altered DNA methylation. Testicular expression of miR378 was altered by prepubertal treatment with letrozole. The data provide evidence for two different epigenetic mechanisms that regulate aromatase expression and enzymatic activity in the boar testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Berger
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jens Vanselow
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology FBN, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Alan Conley
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Tana Jo Almand
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Barbara S Nitta-Oda
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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6
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Chan Q, Wang F, Shi L, Ren X, Ren T, Han Y. Effects of chronic dietary hexavalent chromium on bioaccumulation and immune responses in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109218. [PMID: 34715349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (3.54 ± 0.01 g of wet weight) were exposed to five concentrations of dietary hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) [0 (control), 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg Cr6+/kg dry weight] amended with K2Cr2O7 for 30 days. The bioaccumulation and immune responses [antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); hydrolytic enzymes: acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP)] of sea cucumbers were subsequently evaluated. This study found that the order of Cr accumulation in the experimental tissues was respiratory tree > intestine > body wall. Significantly lower SOD activities occurred in the 400 mg/kg group compared to that in the control group. Higher dietary Cr6+ exposure (400 and 800 mg Cr6+/kg dry weight) did not negatively alter the CAT activities, but significantly inhibited CAT activities in 100 mg/kg group, compared to control group. ACP activities in groups 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg were significantly lower than those in control group, while no significant differences occurred in AKP activities among groups. The present study provides important information into the bioaccumulation and immune responses of the sea cucumber A. japonicus in response to chronic dietary Cr6+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixia Chan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Lidong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xue Ren
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tongjun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuzhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Yin H, Yuan F, Jiao F, Niu Y, Jiang X, Deng J, Guo Y, Chen S, Zhai Q, Hu C, Li Y, Guo F. Intermittent Leucine Deprivation Produces Long-lasting Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity by Increasing Hepatic Gcn2 Expression. Diabetes 2022; 71:206-218. [PMID: 34740902 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Leucine deprivation improves insulin sensitivity; however, whether and how this effect can be extended are unknown. We hypothesized that intermittent leucine deprivation (ILD) might produce a long-term effect on improved insulin sensitivity via the formation of metabolic memory. Consistently, seven ILD cycles of treatment (1-day leucine-deficient diet, 3-day control diet) in mice produced a long-lasting (after a control diet was resumed for 49 days) effect on improved whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity in mice, indicating the potential formation of metabolic memory. Furthermore, the effects of ILD depended on hepatic general control nondepressible 2 (GCN2) expression, as verified by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Moreover, ILD increased Gcn2 expression by reducing its DNA methylation at two CpG promoter sites controlled by demethylase growth arrest and DNA damage inducible b. Finally, ILD also improved insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant mice. Thus, ILD induces long-lasting improvements in insulin sensitivity by increasing hepatic Gcn2 expression via a reduction in its DNA methylation. These results provide novel insights into understanding of the link between leucine deprivation and insulin sensitivity, as well as potential nutritional intervention strategies for treating insulin resistance and related diseases. We also provide evidence for liver-specific metabolic memory after ILD and novel epigenetic mechanisms for Gcn2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxin Jiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Niu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Santos GPCD, Assis CRDD, Oliveira VM, Cahu TB, Silva VL, Santos JF, Yogui GT, Bezerra RS. Acetylcholinesterase from the charru mussel Mytella charruana: kinetic characterization, physicochemical properties and potential as in vitro biomarker in environmental monitoring of mollusk extraction areas. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109225. [PMID: 34744030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) from aquatic organisms have been used to evaluate the exposure of specimens to pesticides and heavy metals at sublethal levels in environmental samples. AChE of Mytella charruana was extracted to characterize its physicochemical and kinetic properties as well as the effect of organophosphate (dichlorvos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, methyl-parathion and temephos), carbamates (carbaryl, carbofuran and aldicarb), benzoylureas (diflubenzuron and novaluron), pyrethroid (cypermethrin) and juvenile hormone analog - JHA (pyriproxyfen) and the effect of metal ions: Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, in order to evaluate the potential of the enzyme as biomarker. The optimum pH of M. charruana AChE was 8.5 and the maximum activity peak occurred at 48 °C, being highly thermostable maintaining 97.8% of its activity after incubation at 60 °C. The Michaelis-Menten constants (km) for the substrates acetylthiocholine and propionylthiocholine were 2.8 ± 1.26 and 4.94 ± 6.9 mmol·L-1, respectively. The Vmax values for the same substrates were 22.6 ± 0.90 and 10.2 ± 4.94 mU·mg-1, respectively. Specific inhibition results suggest an AChE presenting active site with dimensions between those of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The IC20 values related to the effect of the pesticides on the enzyme showed higher inhibitory power of temephos (0.17 μmol·L-1), followed by aldicarb (0.19 μmol·L-1) and diflubenzuron (0.23 μmol·L-1). Metal ions inhibited M. charruana enzyme in the following order: Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+ > As3+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+. These data suggest that the enzyme showed potential as in vitro biomarker of the exposure to temephos, mercury, zinc and copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber Pereira Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica - DBIOq, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco - ITEP, Recife, Brazil
| | - Caio Rodrigo Dias de Assis
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica - DBIOq, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparada e Comportamento Animal - LabFCCA, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - DFF, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisioecologia em Aquicultura - LAFAq and Laboratório de Sistemas de Produção Aquícola - LAPAq, Departamento Pesca e Aquicultura - DEPAq, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos - OrganoMAR, Departamento de Oceanografia - DOCEAN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Vagne Melo Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos - LABTECBIO, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal - DMFA, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barbosa Cahu
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica - DBIOq, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Valdir Luna Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparada e Comportamento Animal - LabFCCA, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - DFF, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira Santos
- Laboratório de Fisioecologia em Aquicultura - LAFAq and Laboratório de Sistemas de Produção Aquícola - LAPAq, Departamento Pesca e Aquicultura - DEPAq, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos - OrganoMAR, Departamento de Oceanografia - DOCEAN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ranilson Souza Bezerra
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica - DBIOq, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Gallyas F, Ramadan FHJ, Andreidesz K, Hocsak E, Szabo A, Tapodi A, Kiss GN, Fekete K, Bognar R, Szanto A, Bognar Z. Involvement of Mitochondrial Mechanisms and Cyclooxygenase-2 Activation in the Effect of Desethylamiodarone on 4T1 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Line. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031544. [PMID: 35163464 PMCID: PMC8836269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel compounds significantly interfering with the mitochondrial energy production may have therapeutic value in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This criterion is clearly fulfilled by desethylamiodarone (DEA), which is a major metabolite of amiodarone, a widely used antiarrhythmic drug, since the DEA previously demonstrated anti-neoplastic, anti-metastasizing, and direct mitochondrial effects in B16F10 melanoma cells. Additionally, the more than fifty years of clinical experience with amiodarone should answer most of the safety concerns about DEA. Accordingly, in the present study, we investigated DEA’s potential in TNBC by using a TN and a hormone receptor positive (HR+) BC cell line. DEA reduced the viability, colony formation, and invasive growth of the 4T1 cell line and led to a higher extent of the MCF-7 cell line. It lowered mitochondrial transmembrane potential and induced mitochondrial fragmentation. On the other hand, DEA failed to significantly affect various parameters of the cellular energy metabolism as determined by a Seahorse live cell respirometer. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which was upregulated by DEA in the TNBC cell line only, accounted for most of 4T1’s DEA resistance, which was counteracted by the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. All these data indicate that DEA may have potentiality in the therapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- LERN-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fadi H. J. Ramadan
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Kitti Andreidesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Eniko Hocsak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Antal Tapodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Gyongyi N. Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Katalin Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Rita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Arpad Szanto
- Urology Clinic, UP Medical Center, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Zita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-276
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Matowo J, Weetman D, Pignatelli P, Wright A, Charlwood JD, Kaaya R, Shirima B, Moshi O, Lukole E, Mosha J, Manjurano A, Mosha F, Rowland M, Protopopoff N. Expression of pyrethroid metabolizing P450 enzymes characterizes highly resistant Anopheles vector species targeted by successful deployment of PBO-treated bednets in Tanzania. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0249440. [PMID: 35073324 PMCID: PMC8786186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are a proven tool to reduce malaria transmission, but in Africa efficacy is being reduced by pyrethroid resistance in the major vectors. A previous study that was conducted in Muleba district, Tanzania indicated possible involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in a pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae population where pre-exposure to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) followed by permethrin exposure in CDC bottle bioassays led to partial restoration of susceptibility. PBO is a synergist that can block pyrethroid-metabolizing enzymes in a mosquito. Insecticide resistance profiles and underlying mechanisms were investigated in Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus from Muleba during a cluster randomized trial. Diagnostic dose bioassays using permethrin, together with intensity assays, suggest pyrethroid resistance that is both strong and very common, but not extreme. Transcriptomic analysis found multiple P450 genes over expressed including CYP6M2, CYP6Z3, CYP6P3, CYP6P4, CYP6AA1 and CYP9K1 in An. gambiae and CYP6N1, CYP6M7, CYP6M1 and CYP6Z1 in An. funestus. Indeed, very similar suites of P450 enzymes commonly associated with resistant populations elsewhere in Africa were detected as over expressed suggesting a convergence of mechanisms across Sub-Saharan African malaria vectors. The findings give insight into factors that may correlate with pyrethroid PBO LLIN success, broadly supporting model predictions, but revision to guidelines previously issued by the World Health Organization is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Matowo
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Pignatelli
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Wright
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques D. Charlwood
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Kaaya
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Boniface Shirima
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Oliva Moshi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Eliud Lukole
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Jacklin Mosha
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Alphaxard Manjurano
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Franklin Mosha
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Mark Rowland
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natacha Protopopoff
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Pua LJW, Mai CW, Chung FFL, Khoo ASB, Leong CO, Lim WM, Hii LW. Functional Roles of JNK and p38 MAPK Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031108. [PMID: 35163030 PMCID: PMC8834850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members integrate signals that affect proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration in a cell context- and cell type-specific way. JNK and p38 MAPK activities are found upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Studies have shown that activation of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling can promote NPC oncogenesis by mechanisms within the cancer cells and interactions with the tumor microenvironment. They regulate multiple transcription activities and contribute to tumor-promoting processes, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis, inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Current literature suggests that JNK and p38 MAPK activation may exert pro-tumorigenic functions in NPC, though the underlying mechanisms are not well documented and have yet to be fully explored. Here, we aim to provide a narrative review of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in human cancers with a primary focus on NPC. We also discuss the potential therapeutic agents that could be used to target JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in NPC, along with perspectives for future works. We aim to inspire future studies further delineating JNK and p38 MAPK signaling in NPC oncogenesis which might offer important insights for better strategies in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision-making in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Jia Wei Pua
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.J.W.P.); (C.-O.L.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (L.J.W.P.); (C.-O.L.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- AGTC Genomics, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.-M.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (A.S.-B.K.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.-M.L.); (L.-W.H.)
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12
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de Bruin N, Schneider AK, Reus P, Talmon S, Ciesek S, Bojkova D, Cinatl J, Lodhi I, Charlesworth B, Sinclair S, Pennick G, Laughey WF, Gribbon P, Kannt A, Schiffmann S. Ibuprofen, Flurbiprofen, Etoricoxib or Paracetamol Do Not Influence ACE2 Expression and Activity In Vitro or in Mice and Do Not Exacerbate In-Vitro SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031049. [PMID: 35162972 PMCID: PMC8835123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 uses the human cell surface protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor by which it gains access into lung and other tissue. Early in the pandemic, there was speculation that a number of commonly used medications—including ibuprofen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—have the potential to upregulate ACE2, thereby possibly facilitating viral entry and increasing the severity of COVID-19. We investigated the influence of the NSAIDS with a range of cyclooxygenase (COX)1 and COX2 selectivity (ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, etoricoxib) and paracetamol on the level of ACE2 mRNA/protein expression and activity as well as their influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection levels in a Caco-2 cell model. We also analysed the ACE2 mRNA/protein levels and activity in lung, heart and aorta in ibuprofen treated mice. The drugs had no effect on ACE2 mRNA/protein expression and activity in the Caco-2 cell model. There was no up-regulation of ACE2 mRNA/protein expression and activity in lung, heart and aorta tissue in ibuprofen-treated mice in comparison to untreated mice. Viral load was significantly reduced by both flurbiprofen and ibuprofen at high concentrations. Ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, etoricoxib and paracetamol demonstrated no effects on ACE2 expression or activity in vitro or in vivo. Higher concentrations of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (A.-K.S.); (S.T.); (S.C.)
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune Mediated Diseases, CIMD, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (A.-K.S.); (S.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Philipp Reus
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Goethe University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.R.); (D.B.); (J.C.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, 22525 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sonja Talmon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (A.-K.S.); (S.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (A.-K.S.); (S.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Goethe University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.R.); (D.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Denisa Bojkova
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Goethe University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.R.); (D.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Goethe University, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (P.R.); (D.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Imran Lodhi
- Reckitt Healthcare Ltd., Dansom Lane South, Kingston Upon Hull HU8 7DS, UK; (I.L.); (B.C.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (W.F.L.)
| | - Bruce Charlesworth
- Reckitt Healthcare Ltd., Dansom Lane South, Kingston Upon Hull HU8 7DS, UK; (I.L.); (B.C.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (W.F.L.)
| | - Simon Sinclair
- Reckitt Healthcare Ltd., Dansom Lane South, Kingston Upon Hull HU8 7DS, UK; (I.L.); (B.C.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (W.F.L.)
| | - Graham Pennick
- Reckitt Healthcare Ltd., Dansom Lane South, Kingston Upon Hull HU8 7DS, UK; (I.L.); (B.C.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (W.F.L.)
| | - William F. Laughey
- Reckitt Healthcare Ltd., Dansom Lane South, Kingston Upon Hull HU8 7DS, UK; (I.L.); (B.C.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (W.F.L.)
- Health Professions Education Unit, Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, 22525 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (A.-K.S.); (S.T.); (S.C.)
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune Mediated Diseases, CIMD, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.K.); or (S.S.); Tel.: +49-69-870025053 (A.K.); +49-69-870025060 (S.S.); Fax: +49-69-870010000 (S.S.)
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.d.B.); (A.-K.S.); (S.T.); (S.C.)
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.K.); or (S.S.); Tel.: +49-69-870025053 (A.K.); +49-69-870025060 (S.S.); Fax: +49-69-870010000 (S.S.)
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13
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Liu JM, Chen JM, Lin MJ, Wu FC, Ma CR, Zuo X, Yu WQ, Huang MJ, Fang JS, Li WR, Wang Q, Liang Y. Screening and verification of CYP3A4 inhibitors from Bushen-Yizhi formula to enhance the bioavailability of osthole in rat plasma. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 282:114643. [PMID: 34534597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE With the features of multiple-components and targets as well as multifunction, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases for a long time. During the application of TCM, the researches about bioavailability enhancement of the bioactive constituents in formula are flourishing. Bushen-Yizhi formula (BSYZ), a TCM prescription with osthole (OST) as one of the main bioactive ingredients, have been widely used to treat kidney deficiency, mental retardation and Alzheimer's disease. However, the underlying biological mechanism and compound-enzyme interaction mediated bioavailability enhancement of OST are still not clearly illuminated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to explore the material basis and molecular mechanism from BSYZ in the bioavailability enhancement of OST. Screening the potential CYP3A4 inhibitors using theoretical prediction and then verifying them in vitro, and pharmacokinetics study of OST in rat plasma under co-administrated of screened CYP3A4 inhibitors and BSYZ were also scarcely reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS Screening of CYP3A4 inhibitors from BSYZ was performed with molecular docking simulation from systems pharmacology database. The screened compounds were verified by using P450-Glo Screening Systems. A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry method was established for OST quantification. Male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into four groups and six rats in each group were employed in the pharmacokinetics study of OST. The administrated conditions were group I, OST (20 mg/kg); group II, BSYZ (containing OST 1 mg/mL, at the dose of 20 mg/kg OST in BSYZ); group III, co-administration of ketoconazole (Ket, 75 mg/kg) and OST (20 mg/kg); group IV, co-administration of CYP3A4 inhibitor (10 mg/kg) and OST (20 mg/kg). They were determined by using HPLC-MS/MS (MRM) and statistical analysis was performed using student's t-test with p < 0.05 as the level of significance. RESULTS 21 potential CYP3A4 inhibitors were screened from BSYZ compounds library. From the results of verification in vitro, we found 4 compounds with better CYP3A4 inhibition efficiency including Oleic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-O-Pentagalloylglucose, Rutin, and Schisantherin B. Under further verification, Schisantherin B exhibited the best inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 (IC50 = 0.339 μM), and even better than the clinically used drug (Ket) at the concentration of 5 μM. In the study of pharmacokinetics, the area under the curve (AUC, ng/L*h) of OST after oral administration of BSYZ, Ket and Schisantherin B (2196.23 ± 581.33, 462.90 ± 92.30 and 1053.03 ± 263.62, respectively) were significantly higher than that of pure OST treatment (227.89 ± 107.90, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Schisantherin B, a profoundly effective CYP3A4 inhibitor screened from BSYZ antagonized the metabolism of CYP3A4 on OST via activity inhibition, therefore significantly enhanced the bioavailability of OST in rat plasma. The results of this study will be helpful to explain the rationality of the compatibility in TCM formula, and also to develop new TCM formula with more reasonable drug compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Man Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Jun-Mei Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Ming-Jun Lin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Fan-Chang Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Cui-Ru Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Xue Zuo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Ming-Jun Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Jian-Song Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Wei-Rong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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14
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Das D, Kabir ME, Sarkar S, Wann SB, Kalita J, Manna P. Antidiabetic potential of soy protein/peptide: A therapeutic insight. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:276-288. [PMID: 34848240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) harbours high quality proteins which have been evident to exhibit therapeutic properties in alleviating many diseases including but not limited to diabetes and its related metabolic complications. Since diabetes is often manifested with hyperglycemia, impaired energy homeostasis and even low-grade chronic inflammation, plenty of information has raised the suggestion for soy protein supplementation in preventing and controlling these abnormalities. Moreover, clinical intervention studies have established a noteworthy correlation between soy protein intake and lower prevalence of diabetes. Besides soy protein, various soy-derived peptides also have been found to trigger antidiabetic response in different in vitro and in vivo models. Molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic actions of soy protein and peptide have been predicted in many literatures. Results demonstrate that components of soy protein can act in diversified ways and modulate various cell signaling pathways to bring energy homeostasis and to regulate inflammatory parameters associated with diabetic pathophysiology. The main objective of the present review lies in a systemic understanding of antidiabetic role of soy protein and peptide in the context of impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mir Ekbal Kabir
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanjib Sarkar
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sawlang Borsingh Wann
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Research Planning and Business Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India.
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de Freitas BG, Hösch NG, Pereira LM, Barbosa TC, Picolo G, Cury Y, Zambelli VO. PKCζ-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Mediates Crotalphine-Induced Antinociception. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120912. [PMID: 34941749 PMCID: PMC8709465 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Crotalphine (CRP) is a structural analogue to a peptide that was first identified in the crude venom from the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus. This peptide induces a potent and long-lasting antinociceptive effect that is mediated by the activation of peripheral opioid receptors. The opioid receptor activation regulates a variety of intracellular signaling, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Using primary cultures of sensory neurons, it was demonstrated that crotalphine increases the level of activated ERK1/2 and JNK-MAPKs and this increase is dependent on the activation of protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ). However, whether PKCζ-MAPK signaling is critical for crotalphine-induced antinociception is unknown. Here, we biochemically demonstrated that the systemic crotalphine activates ERK1/2 and JNK and decreases the phosphorylation of p38 in the lumbar spinal cord. The in vivo pharmacological inhibition of spinal ERK1/2 and JNK, but not of p38, blocks the antinociceptive effect of crotalphine. Of interest, the administration of a PKCζ pseudosubstrate (PKCζ inhibitor) prevents crotalphine-induced ERK activation in the spinal cord, followed by the abolishment of crotalphine-induced analgesia. Together, our results demonstrate that the PKCζ-ERK signaling pathway is involved in crotalphine-induced analgesia. Our study opens a perspective for the PKCζ-MAPK axis as a target for pain control.
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Zhang S, Wen Z, Li X, Lin L, Zou C, Li Y, Wang Y, Ge RS. Short-term exposure to perfluorotetradecanoic acid affects the late-stage regeneration of Leydig cells in adult male rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115777. [PMID: 34736952 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) is one of perfluoroalkyl substances widely found in the environment. PFTeDA may cause the dysfunction of male reproductive system. However, whether PFTeDA affects the regeneration of Leydig cells remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of short-term exposure of PFTeDA on the late-stage maturation of Leydig cells. Fifty-four adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were daily gavaged with PFTeDA (0, 10, or 20 mg/kg body weight) for 10 days, and then were injected intraperitoneally with ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS, 75 mg/kg body weight/once) to ablate Leydig cells to induce their regeneration. On day 21 (early stage) and 56 (late stage) after EDS, hormone levels, gene expression, and protein levels were measured. PFTeDA did not affect the early stage of Leydig cell regeneration, because it had no effect on serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, Leydig cell number, and its gene and protein expression. PFTeDA significantly reduced serum testosterone level and down-regulated the expression of Leydig cell genes (Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b3, Hsd11b1, and Insl3) and their proteins (CYP11A1, HSD3B1, CYP17A1, HSD17B3, and INSL3), decreased the phosphorylation of AKT1 and ERK1/2, as well as lowered sperm count in the epididymis at 20 mg/kg. In conclusion, short-term exposure to PFTeDA blocks the late-stage maturation of Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 123 Tianfeixiang, Mochou Road, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zina Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liben Lin
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Gém JB, Kovács KB, Szalai L, Szakadáti G, Porkoláb E, Szalai B, Turu G, Tóth AD, Szekeres M, Hunyady L, Balla A. Characterization of Type 1 Angiotensin II Receptor Activation Induced Dual-Specificity MAPK Phosphatase Gene Expression Changes in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:3538. [PMID: 34944046 PMCID: PMC8700539 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the type I angiotensin receptor (AT1-R) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure; however, it is also responsible for the development of pathological conditions such as vascular remodeling, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Stimulation of the VSMC by angiotensin II (AngII) promotes a broad variety of biological effects, including gene expression changes. In this paper, we have taken an integrated approach in which an analysis of AngII-induced gene expression changes has been combined with the use of small-molecule inhibitors and lentiviral-based gene silencing, to characterize the mechanism of signal transduction in response to AngII stimulation in primary rat VSMCs. We carried out Affymetrix GeneChip experiments to analyze the effects of AngII stimulation on gene expression; several genes, including DUSP5, DUSP6, and DUSP10, were identified as upregulated genes in response to stimulation. Since various dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase (DUSP) enzymes are important in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, these genes have been selected for further analysis. We investigated the kinetics of gene-expression changes and the possible signal transduction processes that lead to altered expression changes after AngII stimulation. Our data shows that the upregulated genes can be stimulated through multiple and synergistic signal transduction pathways. We have also found in our gene-silencing experiments that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation is not critical in the AngII-induced expression changes of the investigated genes. Our data can help us understand the details of AngII-induced long-term effects and the pathophysiology of AT1-R. Moreover, it can help to develop potential interventions for those symptoms that are induced by the over-functioning of this receptor, such as vascular remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy or atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Borbála Gém
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Kinga Bernadett Kovács
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Laura Szalai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Szakadáti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Edit Porkoláb
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Szalai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Dávid Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Szekeres
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (J.B.G.); (K.B.K.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (E.P.); (B.S.); (G.T.); (A.D.T.); (M.S.)
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Riyaphan J, Pham DC, Leong MK, Weng CF. In Silico Approaches to Identify Polyphenol Compounds as α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors against Type-II Diabetes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1877. [PMID: 34944521 PMCID: PMC8699780 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, and the prevalence of T2DM is increasing worldwide. Clinically, both α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes inhibitors can suppress peaks of postprandial glucose with surplus adverse effects, leading to efforts devoted to urgently seeking new anti-diabetes drugs from natural sources for delayed starch digestion. This review attempts to explore 10 families e.g., Bignoniaceae, Ericaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Campanulaceae, Geraniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Acanthaceae, Rutaceae, and Moraceae as medicinal plants, and folk and herb medicines for lowering blood glucose level, or alternative anti-diabetic natural products. Many natural products have been studied in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays to restrain hyperglycemia. In addition, natural products, and particularly polyphenols, possess diverse structures for exploring them as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Interestingly, an in silico discovery approach using natural compounds via virtual screening could directly target α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes through Monte Carto molecular modeling. Autodock, MOE-Dock, Biovia Discovery Studio, PyMOL, and Accelrys have been used to discover new candidates as inhibitors or activators. While docking score, binding energy (Kcal/mol), the number of hydrogen bonds, or interactions with critical amino acid residues have been taken into concerning the reliability of software for validation of enzymatic analysis, in vitro cell assay and in vivo animal tests are required to obtain leads, hits, and candidates in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Max K. Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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Cao Y, Feng Z, He X, Zhang X, Xing B, Wu Y, Hojnacki T, Katona BW, Ma J, Zhan X, Hua X. Prolactin-regulated Pbk is involved in pregnancy-induced β-cell proliferation in mice. J Endocrinol 2021; 252:107-123. [PMID: 34788229 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition of diabetes with onset or first recognition in pregnancy. Its incidence is increasing, and GDM deleteriously affects both mother and the fetus during and even after pregnancy. Previous studies in mice have shown that during pregnancy, β-cell proliferation increases in the middle and late stages of pregnancy and returns to normal levels after delivery. Hormones, such as prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone as well as protein kinases, play important roles in regulating gestation-mediated β-cell proliferation; however, the regulatory relationship between them is uncertain. We previously found that protein kinase Pbk was crucial for basal proliferation of mouse islet cells. Herein we show that Pbk is upregulated during pregnancy in mice and Pbk kinase activity is required for enhanced β- cell proliferation during pregnancy. Notably, knock-in (KI) of a kinase-inactivating Pbk mutation leads to impaired glucose tolerance and reduction of β-cell proliferation and islet mass in mice during pregnancy. Prolactin upregulates the expression of Pbk, but the upregulation is diminished by knockdown of the prolactin receptor and by the inhibitors of JAK and STAT5, which mediate prolactin receptor signaling, in β-cells. Treatment of β-cells with prolactin increases STAT5 binding to the Pbk locus, as well as the recruitment of RNA polymerase II, resulting in increased Pbk transcription. These results demonstrate that Pbk is upregulated during pregnancy, at least partly by prolactin-induced and STAT5-mediated enhancement of gene transcription, and Pbk is essential for pregnancy-induced β-cell proliferation, increase in islet mass, and maintenance of normal blood glucose during pregnancy in preclinical models. These findings provide new insights into the interplay between hormones and protein kinases that ultimately prevent the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zijie Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bowen Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taylor Hojnacki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bryson W Katona
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zilani MNH, Islam MA, Biswas P, Anisuzzman M, Hossain H, Shilpi JA, Hasan MN, Hossain MG. Metabolite profiling, anti-inflammatory, analgesic potentials of edible herb Colocasia gigantea and molecular docking study against COX-II enzyme. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114577. [PMID: 34464698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Consumable herbs play a basic part in sustenance and human health. Traditionally, Colocasia gigantea Hook (Araceae) is used to treat fever, infection, wounds healing, drowsiness, tuberculosis, stomach problems etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aspired to identify bioactive compounds, to evaluate anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials of edible herb C. gigantea, and to molecular docking study against anti-inflammatory enzyme Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical components of C. gigantea were discerned by HPLC and GCMS assays. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was appraised by heat-induced, hypotonicity, and hydrogen peroxide-induced hemolysis assays and in vivo by formalin-induced paw edema assay. In vivo analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced pain modulation assay. Also, molecular docking of the identified compounds was explored against the anti-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2. RESULTS HPLC-DAD analysis divulged the presence of trans-cinnamic acid along with (-)-epicatechin as a prime component. Also, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (37.86%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (25.89%) as the major as well as 24 other compounds were confirmed through GCMS in the extract. In in vitro anti-inflammatory study, C. gigantea extract indicated prominent erythrocyte membrane stabilization activity with good percentage aegis in all experimental assays. In addition to, formalin-induced in vivo anti-inflammatory assay revealed the maximum (42.37% and 48.72%) suppression of edema at the fourth hour at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Moreover, an in-vivo pain modulation assay exposed significant (p < 0.05) activity at experimental doses. Furthermore, in the docking study, (-)-epicatechin was more active rather than other identified compounds with strong binding affinity to COX-2 protein. CONCLUSIONS The extract evinced remarkable anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Identified bioactive components along with other components of the extract might play a pivotal role in the observed bioactivity and the results vindicate the use of edible herb C. gigantea in ancestral medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nazmul Hasan Zilani
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Anisuzzman
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh; Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Hemayet Hossain
- BCSIR Laboratories & IFST, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Golam Hossain
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
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Huang H, Liu Z, Qi X, Gao N, Chang J, Yang M, Na S, Liu Y, Song R, Li L, Chen G, Zhou H. Rhubarb granule promotes diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis by activating the oxidative branch of pentose phosphate pathway via G6PD in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114479. [PMID: 34343647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhubarb is a natural herbal medicine widely used clinically with numerous pharmacological activities including anti-cancer. Specifically, several studies reported that free anthraquinones from Rhubarb suppressed the proliferation of hepatoma cells. Nonetheless, recent studies revealed that Rhubarb caused hepatotoxicity in vivo, confirming its "two-way" effect on the liver. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of Rhubarb in the in vivo treatment of liver cancer should be further elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the presence of hepatoprotection or hepatotoxicity of Rhubarb in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 112 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 190-250 g were enrolled. The rats were induced hepatocarcinogenesis using diethylnitrosamine (0.002 g/rat) until 17 weeks. Starting at week 11, Rhubarb granules (4 g/kg and 8 g/kg) were intragastrically administered daily for 7 weeks. All rats were euthanized at week 20 and the livers were analyzed via non-targeted metabolomics analysis. We established hepatic glucose 6 phosphate (6PG) levels and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities to assess the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). And the liver injuries of rats were analyzed via histological changes, hepatic function, as well as hepatic protein levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Furthermore, polydatin (0.1 g/kg/d) as a specific inhibitor of G6PD was used to treat rats. Notably, their histological changes, hepatic function, hepatic 6PG levels, hepatic G6PD activities, PCNA levels, and PKM2 levels were recorded. RESULTS Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that Rhubarb regulated the PPP in the liver of Rhubarb-DEN-treated rats. Besides, Rhubarb activated the oxidative branch of the PPP by activating G6PD (a rate-limiting enzyme in the oxidative PPP) in the liver of Rhubarb-DEN-treated rats. Meanwhile, Rhubarb promoted DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, polydatin attenuated the promoting effect of Rhubarb on DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Rhubarb promoted DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by activating the PPP, indicating that the efficacy and safety of Rhubarb in the treatment of liver cancer deserve to be deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoru Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Nailong Gao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jianguo Chang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China; Clinical Pathology Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Sha Na
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Guangliang Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Li L, Huang G, Zhou T, Zhang X, Leng X, Chen Z, Lin J. Embelia Laeta aqueous extract suppresses acute inflammation via decreasing COX-2/iNOS expression and inhibiting NF-κB pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114575. [PMID: 34461190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root of Embelia laeta (L.) Mez., which is called Suanjifeng in Chinese ethnic Yao medicine, is traditionally for inflammation-related diseases, such as oral ulcer, sore throat, enteritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the biological properties and the underlying mechanisms of Embelia laeta still need further studies. AIM OF THIS STUDY The present study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and its underlying mechanisms of Embelia laeta. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, except acute toxicity experiments, Kunming (KM) mice of either sex were enrolled to establish inflammatory model induced by xylene, acetic acid and carrageenan, respectively. Mice were randomly divided into different groups and pretreated by oral gavage with different doses of Embelia laeta aqueous extract (ELAE) (2.5, 5, 10 g/kg) and 10 mg/kg of Indo for 7 days. Ear edema, vascular permeability, abdominal writhing, and paw edema degree were detected in related experiments. Moreover, in the carrageenan-induced paw edema mice model, histological changes were detected by H&E staining. MDA, MPO and NO were detected by assay kit. Proinflammatory cytokines of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 were detected by ELISA. Additionally, COX-2, iNOS and NF-κB pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Results showed that the ELAE evoked an obvious dose-dependent inhibition of ear edema induced by xylene, paw edema induced by carrageenan, as well as suppressing the increase of vascular permeability and writhing times elicited by acetic acid. Histopathological analysis indicated that ELAE could significantly decrease the cellular infiltration in paw tissue. ELAE showed antioxidant property through markedly decrease the MDA level and MPO activity in edema paw. In addition, ELAE decreased the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and NO that induced by carrageenan. Western blotting results also showed that ELAE could obviously downregulate the COX-2 and iNOS expression. Further analysis revealed that ELAE also inhibited NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and stabilize the conversion of IκBα. CONCLUSION ELAE had powerful anti-inflammatory property, which might be had a close relationship with mediating proinflammatory cytokines production, decreasing the COX-2 and iNOS expression, and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guoxin Huang
- Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Xinxin Leng
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Zhenxing Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Jiang Lin
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
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Zepeda-Peña AC, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Domínguez-Rosales JA, García-López PM, Pizano-Andrade JC, Hernández-Nazará ZH, Vargas-Guerrero B. Effect of Lupinus rotundiflorus gamma conglutin treatment on JNK1 gene expression and protein activation in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:374-380. [PMID: 33784492 PMCID: PMC8018548 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1893757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gamma conglutin (Cγ) from lupine species represents a potential complementary treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of its hypoglycaemic effect. However, its underlying mechanism of action is not fully known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether Cγ from Lupinus rotundiflorus M. E. Jones (Fabaceae) modulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) expression and activation in a T2DM rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gamma conglutin isolated from L. rotundiflorus seeds was characterized by SDS-PAGE. Fifteen Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced T2DM (HG) were randomized into three groups (n = 5): vehicle administration (HG-Ctrl), oral treatment with Cγ (120 mg/kg/day) (HG-Lr) for one week, and treatment with metformin (300 mg/kg/day) (HG-Met); a healthy group (Ctrl, n = 5) was included as control. The levels of glucose and biomarkers of renal and hepatic function were measured pre- and post-treatment. Hepatic Jnk1 expression and phosphorylation of JNK1 were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Oral treatment with either Cγ or metformin reduced serum glucose level to 86.30 and 74.80 mg/dL, respectively (p ˂ 0.05), from the basal levels. Jnk1 expression was 0.65- and 0.54-fold lower (p ˂ 0.05) in the HG-Lr and HG-Met groups, respectively, than in HG-Ctrl. Treatment with Cγ decreased JNK1 phosphorylation. However, Cγ did not change the levels of kidney and liver biomarkers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Treatment with Cγ from L. rotundiflorus inhibited Jnk1 expression, in vivo, suggesting JNK1 as a potential therapeutic target in diabetes and revealing one mechanism underlying the hypoglycaemic effect of lupine Cγ. Nevertheless, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Catalina Zepeda-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Carmen Magdalena Gurrola-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - José Alfredo Domínguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Pedro Macedonio García-López
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Juan Carlos Pizano-Andrade
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Zamira Helena Hernández-Nazará
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Belinda Vargas-Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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Sawada L, Vallinoto ACR, Brasil-Costa I. Regulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein-Barr Virus. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1792. [PMID: 34944437 PMCID: PMC8699098 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncovirus ubiquitously distributed and associated with different types of cancer. The reason why only a group of infected people develop cancer is still unknown. EBV-associated cancers represent about 1.8% of all cancer deaths worldwide, with more than 150,000 new cases of cancer being reported annually. Since EBV-associated cancers are described as more aggressive and more resistant to the usual treatment compared to EBV-negative ones, the recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting immune checkpoints (ICs) in the treatment of cancer patients represents a possible therapy for EBV-associated diseases. However, the current mAb therapies available still need improvement, since a group of patients do not respond well to treatment. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the progress made regarding the contribution of EBV infection to the expression of the IC indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) thus far. This IC has the potential to be used as a target in new immune therapies, such as mAbs. We hope that this work helps the development of future immunotherapies, improving the prognosis of EBV-associated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sawada
- Immunology Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Virology (PPGV), Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Brasil-Costa
- Immunology Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, Brazil;
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Jiang M, Pang X, Liu H, Lin F, Lu F, Bie X, Lu Z, Lu Y. Iturin A Induces Resistance and Improves the Quality and Safety of Harvested Cherry Tomato. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226905. [PMID: 34833997 PMCID: PMC8622131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The soft rot disease caused by Rhizopus stolonifer is an important disease in cherry tomato fruit. In this study, the effect of iturin A on soft rot of cherry tomato and its influence on the storage quality of cherry tomato fruit were investigated. The results showed that 512 μg/mL of iturin A could effectively inhibit the incidence of soft rot of cherry tomato fruit. It was found that iturin A could induce the activity of resistance-related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), glucanase (GLU), and chitinase (CHI), and active oxygen-related enzymes including ascorbate peroxidases (APX), superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) of cherry tomato fruit. In addition, iturin A treatment could slow down the weight loss of cherry tomato and soften the fruit. These results indicated that iturin A could retard the decay and improve the quality of cherry tomato fruit by both the inhibition growth of R. stolonifera and the inducing the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.J.); (F.L.); (F.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Fuxing Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.J.); (F.L.); (F.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.J.); (F.L.); (F.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.J.); (F.L.); (F.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.J.); (F.L.); (F.L.); (X.B.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
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Kimura A, Mizuochi T, Takei H, Ohtake A, Mori J, Shinoda K, Hashimoto T, Kasahara M, Togawa T, Murai T, Iida T, Nittono H. Bile Acid Synthesis Disorders in Japan: Long-Term Outcome and Chenodeoxycholic Acid Treatment. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3885-3892. [PMID: 33385262 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We encountered 7 Japanese patients with bile acid synthesis disorders (BASD) including 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3β-HSD) deficiency (n = 3), Δ4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase (5β-reductase) deficiency (n = 3), and oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase deficiency (n = 1) over 21 years between 1996 and 2017. AIM We aimed to clarify long-term outcome in the 7 patients with BASD as well as long-term efficacy of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) treatment in the 5 patients with 3β-HSD deficiency or 5β-reductase deficiency. METHODS Diagnoses were made from bile acid and genetic analyses. Bile acid analysis in serum and urine was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clinical and laboratory findings and bile acid profiles at diagnosis and most recent visit were retrospectively obtained from medical records. Long-term outcome included follow-up duration, treatments, growth, education/employment, complications of treatment, and other problems. RESULTS Medians with ranges of current patient ages and duration of CDCA treatment are 10 years (8 to 43) and 10 years (8 to 21), respectively. All 7 patients, who had homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the HSD3B7, SRD5B1, or CYP7B1 gene, are currently in good health without liver dysfunction. In the 5 patients with CDCA treatment, hepatic function gradually improved following initiation. No adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that CDCA treatment is effective in 3β-HSD deficiency and 5β-reductase deficiency, as cholic acid has been in other countries. BASD carry a good prognosis following early diagnosis and initiation of long-term CDCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
- Kumamoto-Ashikita Medical Center for the Severely Disabled, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Mizuochi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Takuji Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mureo Kasahara
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Togawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Iida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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Jeon JI, Lee KH, Kim JM. Bacteroides fragilis Enterotoxin Upregulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Expression through MAPK and AP-1 Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Leading to Syndecan-2 Release. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111817. [PMID: 34769248 PMCID: PMC8583974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin (BFT) produced by enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) causes colonic inflammation. BFT initially contacts intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and affects the intestinal barrier. Although molecular components of the gut epithelial barrier such as metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and syndecan-2 are known to be associated with inflammation, little has been reported about MMP-7 expression and syndecan-2 shedding in response to ETBF infection. This study explores the role of BFT in MMP-7 induction and syndecan-2 release in IECs. Stimulating IECs with BFT led to the induction of MMP-7 and the activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1. MMP-7 upregulation was not affected by NF-κB, but it was related to AP-1 activation. In BFT-exposed IECs, syndecan-2 release was observed in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. MMP-7 suppression was associated with a reduction in syndecan-2 release. In addition, suppression of ERK, one of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), inhibited AP-1 activity and MMP-7 expression. Furthermore, the suppression of AP-1 and ERK activity was related to the attenuation of syndecan-2 release. These results suggest that a signaling cascade comprising ERK and AP-1 activation in IECs is involved in MMP-7 upregulation and syndecan-2 release during exposure to BFT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Correspondence: (K.H.L.); (J.M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2220-0642 (K.H.L.); +82-2-2220-0645 (J.M.K.); Fax: +82-2-2282-0645 (K.H.L.); +82-2-2282-0645 (J.M.K.)
| | - Jung Mogg Kim
- Correspondence: (K.H.L.); (J.M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2220-0642 (K.H.L.); +82-2-2220-0645 (J.M.K.); Fax: +82-2-2282-0645 (K.H.L.); +82-2-2282-0645 (J.M.K.)
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Yin S, Yang S, Luo Y, Lu J, Hu G, Wang K, Shao Y, Zhou S, Koo S, Qiu Y, Wang T, Yu H. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 as a potential target for lycorine against hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114806. [PMID: 34673013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathological changes and possible underlying molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are currently unclear. Effective treatment of this pathological state remains a challenge. The purpose of this study is to obtain some key genes with diagnostic and prognostic meaning and to identify potential therapeutic agents for HCC treatment. Here, CDK1, CCNB1 and CCNB2 were found to be highly expressed in HCC patients and accompanied by poor prognosis, and knockdown of them by siRNA drastically induced autophagy and senescence in hepatoma cells. Simultaneously, the anti-HCC effect of lycorine was comparable to that of interfering with these three genes, and lycorine significantly promoted the decrease both in protein and mRNA expression of CDK1. Molecular validation mechanistically demonstrated that lycorine might attenuate the degradation rate of CDK1 via interaction with it, which had been confirmed by cellular thermal shift assay and drug affinity responsive targets stability assay. Taken together, these findings suggested that CDK1, CCNB1 and CCNB2 could be regarded as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC, and CDK1 might serve as a promising therapeutic target for lycorine against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shenshen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yanming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Gaoyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Kailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Sangho Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, South Korea
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Khan H, Khan T, Ahmad N, Zaman G, Khan T, Ahmad W, Batool S, Hussain Z, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Chemical Elicitors-Induced Variation in Cellular Biomass, Biosynthesis of Secondary Cell Products, and Antioxidant System in Callus Cultures of Fagonia indica. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216340. [PMID: 34770749 PMCID: PMC8587688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fagonia indica is a rich source of pharmacologically active compounds. The variation in the metabolites of interest is one of the major issues in wild plants due to different environmental factors. The addition of chemical elicitors is one of the effective strategies to trigger the biosynthetic pathways for the release of a higher quantity of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of chemical elicitors, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2), on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biomass, and the antioxidant system in callus cultures of F. indica. Among various treatments applied, AlCl3 (0.1 mM concentration) improved the highest in biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 404.72 g/L) as compared to the control (FW: 269.85 g/L). The exposure of cultures to AlCl3 (0.01 mM) enhanced the accumulation of secondary metabolites, and the total phenolic contents (TPCs: 7.74 mg/g DW) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs: 1.07 mg/g DW) were higher than those of cultures exposed to CdCl2 (0.01 mM) with content levels (TPC: 5.60 and TFC: 0.97 mg/g) as compared to the control (TPC: 4.16 and TFC: 0.42 mg/g DW). Likewise, AlCl3 and CdCl2 also promoted the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA; 89.4% and 90%, respectively) at a concentration of 0.01 mM, as compared to the control (65.48%). For instance, the quantification of metabolites via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed an optimum production of myricetin (1.20 mg/g), apigenin (0.83 mg/g), isorhamnetin (0.70 mg/g), and kaempferol (0.64 mg/g). Cultures grown in the presence of AlCl3 triggered higher quantities of secondary metabolites than those grown in the presence of CdCl2 (0.79, 0.74, 0.57, and 0.67 mg/g). Moreover, AlCl3 at 0.1 mM enhanced the biosynthesis of superoxide dismutase (SOD: 0.08 nM/min/mg-FW) and peroxidase enzymes (POD: 2.37 nM/min/mg-FW), while CdCl2 resulted in an SOD activity up to 0.06 nM/min/mg-FW and POD: 2.72 nM/min/mg-FW. From these results, it is clear that AlCl3 is a better elicitor in terms of a higher and uniform productivity of biomass, secondary cell products, and antioxidant enzymes compared to CdCl2 and the control. It is possible to scale the current strategy to a bioreactor for a higher productivity of metabolites of interest for various pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology (CB&M), University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Gouhar Zaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sannia Batool
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology (CB&M), University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel./Fax: +33-2-37-30-97-53 (C.H.); +92-51-90644121 (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (G.Z.); (T.K.); (W.A.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel./Fax: +33-2-37-30-97-53 (C.H.); +92-51-90644121 (B.H.A.)
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Zheng Y, Chen ZY, Ma WJ, Wang QZ, Liang H, Ma AG. B Vitamins Supplementation Can Improve Cognitive Functions and May Relate to the Enhancement of Transketolase Activity in A Rat Model of Cognitive Impairment Associated with High-fat Diets. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:847-856. [PMID: 34652631 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether B vitamin treatment was sufficient to reduce cognitive impairment associated with high-fat diets in rats and to modulate transketolase (TK) expression and activity. METHODS To test this, we separated 50 rats into five groups that were either fed a standard chow diet (controls) or a high-fat diet (experimental groups H0, H1, H2, and H3). H0 group animals received no additional dietary supplementation, while H1 group animals were administered 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) thiamine, 100 mg/kg BW riboflavin, and 250 mg/kg BW niacin each day, and group H2 animals received daily doses of 100 mg/kg BW pyridoxine, 100 mg/kg BW cobalamin, and 5 mg/kg BW folate. Animals in the H3 group received the B vitamin regimens administered to both H1 and H2 each day. RESULTS Over time, group H0 exhibited greater increases in BW and fat mass relative to other groups. When spatial and memory capabilities in these animals were evaluated via conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and Morris Water Maze (MWM), we found B vitamin treatment was associated with significant improvements relative to untreated H0 controls. Similarly, B vitamin supplementation was associated with elevated TK expression in erythrocytes and hypothalamus of treated animals relative to those in H0 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest B vitamin can modulate hypothalamic TK activity to reduce the severity of cognitive deficits in a rat model of obesity. As such, B vitamin supplementation may be a beneficial method for reducing cognitive dysfunction in clinical settings associated with high-fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Chen
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Jun Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Zhen Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Ai-Guo Ma
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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Vizzini A, Bonura A, La Paglia L, Fiannaca A, La Rosa M, Urso A, Mauro M, Vazzana M, Arizza V. Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal 2 and 4 Family Members of Cytochromes P450 (CYP) Involved in LPS Inflammatory Response in Pharynx of Ciona robusta. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011141. [PMID: 34681801 PMCID: PMC8537429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of most endogenous and exogenous agents. The expression of each CYP is influenced by a unique combination of mechanisms and factors including genetic polymorphisms, induction by xenobiotics, and regulation by cytokines and hormones. In recent years, Ciona robusta, one of the closest living relatives of vertebrates, has become a model in various fields of biology, in particular for studying inflammatory response. Using an in vivo LPS exposure strategy, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and qRT-PCR combined with bioinformatics and in silico analyses, compared whole pharynx transcripts from naïve and LPS-exposed C. robusta, and we provide the first view of cytochrome genes expression and miRNA regulation in the inflammatory response induced by LPS in a hematopoietic organ. In C. robusta, cytochromes belonging to 2B,2C, 2J, 2U, 4B and 4F subfamilies were deregulated and miRNA network interactions suggest that different conserved and species-specific miRNAs are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of cytochrome genes and that there could be an interplay between specific miRNAs regulating both inflammation and cytochrome molecules in the inflammatory response in C. robusta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Bonura
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Laura La Paglia
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Antonino Fiannaca
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Massimo La Rosa
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Alfonso Urso
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.F.); (M.L.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche-Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (M.V.); (V.A.)
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Ding Y, Ma H, Xu Y, Yang F, Li Y, Shi F, Lu Y. Potentiation of flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao through induction of CYP1A2. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 278:114299. [PMID: 34090906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao (XLGB) Fufang is herbal formula widely used to treat osteoporosis and other bone disorders. Because of its commonality in the clinical use, there is a safety concern over the use of XLGB combined with other androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) drugs such as flutamide (FLU) that is associated with reduced bone density. To date, there have been no evaluations on the side effects of the drug-drug interaction between XLGB and FLU. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the hepatotoxicity in the context of the combined treatment of XLGB and FLU in a mouse model, and to determine whether the metabolic activation of FLU through induction of CYP1A2 plays a role in the increased hepatoxicity caused by the combination of XLGB and FLU. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57 mice were administered with either XLGB (6,160 mg/kg), FLU (300 mg/kg), or with the combination of the two drugs. Animals were treated with XLGB for 5 days before the combined administration of XLGB and FLU for another 4 days. The serum of mice from single or the combined administration groups was collected for biochemical analysis. The mouse liver was collected to examine liver morphological changes, evaluate liver coefficient, as well as determine the mRNA expression of P450 isozymes (Cyp1a2, Cyp3a11 and Cyp2c37). For metabolism analysis, mice were treated with XLGB, FLU, or the combination of XLGB and FLU for 24 h. The urine samples were collected for the analysis of FLU-NAC conjugate by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS. The liver microsomes were prepared from fresh livers to determine the activity of metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2. RESULTS The combined treatment of XLGB and FLU caused loss of mice body weight and elicited significant liver toxicity as evidenced by an increased liver coefficient and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity as well as pathological changes of fatty lesion of liver tissue. FLU increased hepatic expression of Cyp1a2 mRNA that was further elevated in the liver of mice when administered with both FLU and XLGB. Treatment of FLU resulted in an increase in the expression of Cyp3a11 mRNA that was negated when mice were co-treated with FLU and XLGB. No significant difference in Cyp2c37 mRNA expression was observed among the different treatment groups as compared to the control. Analysis of metabolic activity showed that the combined administration caused a synergic effect in elevating the activity of the CYP1A2 enzyme. Mass spectrometry analysis identified the presence of FLU reactive metabolite derived FLU-NAC conjugate in the urine of mice treated with FLU. Strikingly, about a two-fold increase of the FLU-NAC conjugate was detected when treated with both FLU and XLGB, indicating an elevated amount of toxic metabolite produced from FLU in the present of XLGB. CONCLUSION FLU and XLGB co-treatment potentiated FLU-induced hepatoxicity. This increased hepatoxicity was mediated through the induction of CYP1A2 activity which in turn enhanced bioactivation of FLU leading to over production of FLU-NAC conjugate and oxidative stress. These results offer warnings about serious side effects of the FLU-XLGB interaction in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Honghong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Yasha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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Cheng CY, Huang HC, Kao ST, Lee YC. Angelica sinensis extract promotes neuronal survival by enhancing p38 MAPK-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic growth in the chronic phase of transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 278:114301. [PMID: 34090910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (ASD), commonly known as Dang Gui, is a popular Chinese herb that has long been used to treat ischemic stroke. However, the effects of ASD in chronic cerebral ischemia and its underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the effects of the ASD extract on hippocampal neuronal survival at 28 d after transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI) and to investigate the precise mechanisms underlying the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related signaling pathway's involvement in hippocampal neurogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats underwent 25 min of four-vessel occlusion. The ASD extract was intragastrically administered at doses of 0.25 g/kg (ASD-0.25 g), 0.5 g/kg (ASD-0.5 g), 1 g/kg (ASD-1 g), 1 g/kg after dimethyl sulfoxide administration (D + ASD-1 g), or 1 g/kg after SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) administration (SB + ASD-1 g) at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 24 d after transient GCI. RESULTS ASD-0.5 g, ASD-1 g, and D + ASD-1 g treatments had the following effects: upregulation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki67 expression, and BrdU/neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and Ki67/nestin co-expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG); upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 2/NeuN co-expression, and NeuN and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α/GFAP co-expression in the hippocampal CA1 region; upregulation of phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in the hippocampus. SB + ASD-1 g treatment abrogated the effects of ASD-1 g on the expression of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS ASD-0.5 g and ASD-1 g treatments promotes neuronal survival by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. The effects of the ASD extract on astrocyte-associated hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic growth are caused by the activation of p38 MAPK-mediated CREB/BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF-A signaling pathways in the hippocampus at 28 d after transient GCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung, 42056, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 42056, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Ali SE, El Badawy SA, Elmosalamy SH, Emam SR, Azouz AA, Galal MK, Abd-Elsalam RM, Issa MY, Hassan BB. Novel promising reproductive and metabolic effects of Cicer arietinum L. extract on letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rat model. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 278:114318. [PMID: 34111539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chickpea was used in both greek and indian traditional medicine for hormonal related conditions as menstrual induction, acceleration of parturation, treatment of retained placenta and stimulation of lactation. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) sprout isoflavone isolates exhibited reasonable estrogenic activities. Isoflavones, a subtype of phytoestrogens, are plant derivatives with moderate estrogenic activity that tend to have protective effects on hormonal and metabolic abnormalities of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the effect of UPLC/ESI-MS characterized Cicer arietinum L. seeds ethanol extract (CSE) on ovarian hormones, oxidative response and ovarian histological changes on induced PCOS rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups including negative control, PCOS, and treatment groups. PCOS was induced using letrozole (1 mg/kg) daily orally for 21 days. Each treatment group was treated with one of the following for 28 days after induction of PCOS: clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg), and CSE at 250 and 500 mg/kg. Ovaries and uteri were excised, weighed and their sections were used for quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, antioxidant assays and histomorphometric study of the ovaries. The antioxidant assays, histopathological examination, hormonal and metabolic profiles, and Cyp11a1(steroidogenic enzyme) mRNA expression were measured. RESULTS In all treatment groups, ovarian weight was significantly decreased despite having no significant effect on uterine weight. Histomorphometric study in the treatment groups revealed a significant decrease in the number and diameter of cystic follicles, a significant increase in granulosa cell thickness while, thickness of theca cells was significantly decreased when compared to PCOS. Hormone levels, metabolic profile and antioxidant status were improved in the treatment groups. Moreover, Cyp11a1 mRNA expression was significantly downregulated in the treatment groups compared to PCOS. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, CSE enhanced the reproductive and metabolic disorders which were associated with PCOS induction. For the first time, we have highlighted the effect of CSE in treating PCOS and its associated manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Ali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shymaa A El Badawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Sherif H Elmosalamy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa R Emam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mona K Galal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Y Issa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Bardes B Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Deng X, Wang Y, Tian L, Yang M, He S, Liu Y, Khan A, Li Y, Cao J, Cheng G. Anneslea fragrans Wall. ameliorates ulcerative colitis via inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation and mediating intestinal barrier integrity. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 278:114304. [PMID: 34116185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anneslea fragrans Wall. is traditionally used as a folk medicine in treating indigestion, fever, dysentery, diarrhea, and liver inflammation in China, Vietnam and Cambodia. However, its anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism under a safety therapeutic dose as well as the main chemical components have not yet been fully investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and possible molecular mechanisms of aqueous-methanol extract (AFE) of A. fragrans leaves on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice and illustrate its potent anti-inflammatory chemical compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AFE was obtained and then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phytochemical investigation on the AFE was carried out to isolate and characterize its major components. The acute toxicity test was performed to provide the safety information of AFE. Subsequently, the protective effect of AFE on DSS-induced UC was evaluated by physiological changes, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, and the expressions of antioxidant enzyme, pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The expressions of target proteins in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined by western blot analysis. The tight junction (TJ) proteins in colon tissue were performed by immunohistochemical technique for evaluating the intestinal barrier integrity. RESULTS HPLC guided isolation of AFE resulted into two dihydrochalcones, which were elucidated as vacciniifolin (1) and confusoside (2). Acute toxicity evaluation revealed that median lethal dose (LD50) of AFE was greater than 5000 mg/kg. Furthermore, AFE significantly attenuated ulcerative colitis symptoms, suppressed myeloperoxidase activity, and increased the expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione. AFE treatment could also reduce the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 and increase the levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 in colon tissues and serum of DSS-induced UC mice. In addition, AFE significantly increased the expression of zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin-1, and inhibited the phosphorylation of target protein of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in colon tissue. CONCLUSION Dihydrochalcone glycosides are the major chemical constituents in AFE. AFE ameliorated DSS-induced UC in mice by inhibiting the inflammatory response via modulation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways and maintaining the intestinal barrier function, indicating that the plant A. fragrans could be used as a therapeutic candidate for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Deng
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Meilian Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shuyue He
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Yanping Li
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Melefa TD, Nwani CD. Imidazole antifungal drug clotrimazole alters the behavior, brain acetylcholinesterase and oxidative stress biomarkers in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109108. [PMID: 34126252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effect of clotrimazole (CTZ), an imidazole fungicide on behavior, brain acetylcholinesterase, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress parameters in Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Fish were acutely exposed to five nominal concentrations of CTZ and control to assess the behavioral effects on fish. To determine the effects on brain acetylcholinesterase, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress parameters, fish were exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations vis 7.76, 3.89 and 1.94 mg/L which corresponds to 20 10 and 5% of 96 h LC50 value of CTZ respectively and a control for 21 days and allowed to recover for 7 days. The brain, liver and gills were sampled weekly. Fish exposed to different concentrations of the drug displayed behavioral responses such as reduced swimming rate, mucus secretion, decrease in both the feeding frequency and rate. A duration dependent increase in the levels of brain acetylcholinesterase was observed among the exposed groups. The result of the sub-lethal exposure revealed concentration and duration significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxide (GPx) in both the liver and gill tissues of the exposed groups compared to the control. The effects of the drug on many of the observed parameters did not wane after the 7-day withdrawal period. This study revealed that CTZ has a negative impact on the observed parameters, thus providing additional evidence of its toxic effect on non-target aquatic species, especially fish.
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Mirzapoiazova T, Xiao G, Mambetsariev B, Nasser MW, Miaou E, Singhal SS, Srivastava S, Mambetsariev I, Nelson MS, Nam A, Behal A, Arvanitis L, Atri P, Muschen M, Tissot FLH, Miser J, Kovach JS, Sattler M, Batra SK, Kulkarni P, Salgia R. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Therapeutic Target in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1820-1835. [PMID: 34253596 PMCID: PMC8722383 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, and DNA-damage response, is overexpressed in many cancers, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Here we report that LB100, a small molecule inhibitor of PP2A, when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, synergistically elicited an antitumor response both in vitro and in vivo with no apparent toxicity. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we determined quantitatively that sensitization via LB100 was mediated by increased uptake of carboplatin in SCLC cells. Treatment with LB100 alone or in combination resulted in inhibition of cell viability in two-dimensional culture and three-dimensional spheroid models of SCLC, reduced glucose uptake, and attenuated mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production. Combining LB100 with atezolizumab increased the capacity of T cells to infiltrate and kill tumor spheroids, and combining LB100 with carboplatin caused hyperphosphorylation of the DNA repair marker γH2AX and enhanced apoptosis while attenuating MET signaling and invasion through an endothelial cell monolayer. Taken together, these data highlight the translational potential of inhibiting PP2A with LB100 in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
- Institute of Immunology, Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Emily Miaou
- The Isotoparium, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Isa Mambetsariev
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Michael S Nelson
- The Light Microscopy and Digital Imaging Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Amita Behal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Leonidas Arvanitis
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Markus Muschen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - François L H Tissot
- The Isotoparium, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - James Miser
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - John S Kovach
- Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., East Setauket, New York
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
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Faidah AN, Zhao H, Sun L, Cao C. Effects of elevated CO 2 treatment of Populus davidiana × P. bolleana on growth and detoxifying enzymes in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109079. [PMID: 34015537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, elevated CO2 concentrations in the environment caused by various human activities influence diverse areas of life, including the interactions between insects and plants. The Lymantria dispar is one of the most severely destructive pests, which further could inflict ecological and economical damage. In this experiment, one-year-old Populus davidiana × P. bolleana plants were grown in CO2-enhanced environments for one month at three different CO2 concentrations: 397 ppm (atmospheric CO2 concentration), 550 ppm and 750 ppm (two predicted elevated CO2 concentrations). The 3rd instar L. dispar larvae then fed on the treated poplar seedlings covered in a nylon bag. The L. dispar larvae fed on poplar seedling treated for 96 h showed the highest growth rate at all CO2 concentrations. Enzymatic activity of treated larvae showed the highest GST and P450 activity at 750 ppm CO2. The relative expressions of seven CYP and ten GST genes in L. dispar larvae were analyzed quantitatively using real-time RT-PCR, which the results were expressed variably. Compared to 397 ppm CO2, the expression of CYP4L23 was down-regulated, while the expressions of other CYP genes were up-regulated. Meanwhile, only GSTo1 gene showed down-regulated at 48 h and 96 h in 750 ppm CO2 treatment, while GST expression level for the other nine GST genes showed up-regulated at 48 h and 72 h. These results offer the insight into plant-insect interactions under global climate change and furthermore will provide essential information for strategic pest control based on biochemical and molecular levels changes in gypsy moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Nur Faidah
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Institute of Forestry Protection, Heilongjiang Forestry Academy, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuanwang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Isei MO, Chinnappareddy N, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Anoxia-reoxygenation alters H 2O 2 efflux and sensitivity of redox centers to copper in heart mitochondria. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109111. [PMID: 34146700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in organ damage caused by environmental stressors, prompting studies on the effect of oxygen deprivation and metal exposure on ROS metabolism. However, how anoxia and copper (Cu) jointly influence heart mitochondrial ROS metabolism is not understood. We used rainbow trout heart mitochondria to probe the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation and Cu on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission during oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine (PC), succinate, or glutamate-malate. In addition, we examined the influence of anoxia-reoxygenation and Cu on site-specific H2O2 emission capacities and key antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Results showed that anoxia-reoxygenation suppressed H2O2 emission regardless of substrate type or duration of anoxia. Anoxia-reoxygenation reduced mitochondrial sensitivity to Cu during oxidation of succinate or glutamate-malate whereas high Cu concentration additively stimulated H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing PC. Prolonged anoxia-reoxygenation stimulated H2O2 emission from sites OF and IF, inhibited emission from sites IQ, IIF and IIIQo, and disparately altered the sensitivity of the sites to Cu. Interestingly, anoxia-reoxygenation increased GPx and TrxR activities, more prominently when reoxygenation followed a short duration of anoxia. Cu did not alter GPx but reduced TrxR activity in normoxic and anoxic-reoxygenated mitochondria. Overall, our study revealed potential mechanisms that may reduce oxidative damage associated with anoxia-reoxygenation and Cu exposure in heart mitochondria. The increased and decreased H2O2 emission from NADH/NAD+ and QH2/Q isopotential sites, respectively, may represent a balance between H2O2 required for oxygen deprivation-induced signaling and prevention of ROS burst associated with anoxia-reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada.
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Wang Y, Tian J, Han Q, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Genomic organization and expression pattern of cytochrome P450 genes in the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109118. [PMID: 34182095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As one of the dominant natural enemies for insect pests, the pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, plays important roles in pest control. Insecticide applications threaten P. pseudoannulata and consequently weaken its control effects. The roles of P450 monooxygenases in insecticide detoxifications have been richly reported in insects, but there are few reported in spiders. In this study, 120 transcripts encoding P. pseudoannulata P450s were identified based on whole genome sequencing. Compared to P450s of Aedes aegypti and Nilaparvata lugens, several novel P450 families were found, such as CYP3310. KEGG analysis of the CYP3310 family indicated that the family might be involved in the synthesis and metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and hydrocarbons. The potential P450s involved in insecticide metabolism were obtained according to the high FPKM values in fat bodies based on transcriptome sequencing. However, none of the selected P450 genes was significantly upregulated by the treatments of deltamethrin or imidacloprid. The present study provides genomic and transcriptomic information of spider P450s, especially for their roles in the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, hydrocarbons and insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qianqian Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
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Pérez-Alvarez I, Islas-Flores H, Gómez-Oliván LM, Sánchez-Aceves LM, Chamorro-Cevallos G. Protective effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira maxima) against toxicity induced by cadmium in Xenopus laevis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109099. [PMID: 34102331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina (Arthrospira maxima) has been recognized as a superfood and nutraceutical by its high nutritional value and the benefits of its consumption; it is an important source of lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It is known that spirulina has positive effects on the toxicity induced by pharmaceuticals and metals. Heavy metals such as cadmium, frequently used in industrial activities, are continuously detected in water bodies and can generate adverse effects on aquatic organisms even at low concentrations. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of spirulina (Arthrospira maxima) against the toxic effects induced by cadmium in the early life stages of Xenopus laevis. Twenty Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to five different treatments on triplicate, control, cadmium (CdCl2 24.5 μg L-1) and three spirulina mixtures Cd + S 1 (24.5 μg L-1 CdCl2 + 2 mg L-1 spirulina), Cd + S 2 (24.5 μg L-1 CdCl2 + 2 mg L-1 spirulina), Cd + S 3 (24.5 μg L-1 CdCl2 + 10 mg L-1 spirulina); after 96 h of exposure: Malformations, mortality and length were evaluated; also, after 192 h, lipid peroxidation (LPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined. All spirulina treatments decreased mortality from 34 to 50% and reduced malformations on incidence from 36 to 68%. Treatment Cd + S 3 decreased growth inhibition significantly. Spirulina treatment Cd + S 2 decreased lipidic peroxidation and antioxidant activity; these results suggest that spirulina (Arthrospira maxima) can decrease the mortality, frequency of malformations, the severity of malformations, growth inhibition, and oxidative damage induced by cadmium in Xenopus laevis embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzayana Pérez-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colon intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colon, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colon intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colon, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colon intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colon, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Livier Mireya Sánchez-Aceves
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colon intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colon, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa S/N, Delegación Gustavo a. Madero, México, DF C.P. 07738, Mexico
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Luo C, Wang S, Liao W, Zhang S, Xu N, Xie W, Zhang Y. Upregulation of the APOBEC3 Family Is Associated with a Poor Prognosis and Influences Treatment Response to Raf Inhibitors in Low Grade Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10390. [PMID: 34638749 PMCID: PMC8508917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) has been identified as a group of enzymes that catalyze cytosine deamination in single-stranded (ss) DNA to form uracil, causing somatic mutations in some cancers. We analyzed the APOBEC3 family in 33 TCGA cancer types and the results indicated that APOBEC3s are upregulated in multiple cancers and strongly correlate with prognosis, particularly in low grade glioma (LGG). Then we constructed a prognostic model based on family expression in LGG where the APOBEC3 family signature is an accurate predictive model (AUC of 0.85). Gene mutation, copy number variation (CNV), and a differential gene expression (DEG) analysis were performed in different risk groups, and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to clarify the role of various members in LGG; CIBERSORT algorithm was deployed to evaluate the landscape of LGG immune infiltration. We found that upregulation of the APOBEC3 family expression can strengthen Ras/MAPK signaling pathway, promote tumor progression, and ultimately reduce the treatment benefits of Raf inhibitors. Moreover, the APOBEC3 family was shown to enhance the immune response mediated by myeloid cells and interferon gamma, as well as PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression, implying that they have immunotherapy potential. Therefore, the APOBEC3 signature enables an efficient assessment of LGG patient survival outcomes and expansion of clinical benefits by selecting appropriate individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Songmao Wang
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weijie Liao
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shikuan Zhang
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Naihan Xu
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Pinter TBJ, Ruckthong L, Stuckey JA, Deb A, Penner-Hahn JE, Pecoraro VL. Open Reading Frame 1 Protein of the Human Long Interspersed Nuclear Element 1 Retrotransposon Binds Multiple Equivalents of Lead. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15271-15278. [PMID: 34494819 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The human long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1) has been implicated in numerous diseases and has been suggested to play a significant role in genetic evolution. Open reading frame 1 protein (ORF1p) is one of the two proteins encoded in this self-replicating mobile genetic element, both of which are essential for retrotransposition. The structure of the three-stranded coiled-coil domain of ORF1p was recently solved and showed the presence of tris-cysteine layers in the interior of the coiled-coil that could function as metal binding sites. Here, we demonstrate that ORF1p binds Pb(II). We designed a model peptide, GRCSL16CL23C, to mimic two of the ORF1p Cys3 layers and crystallized the peptide both as the apo-form and in the presence of Pb(II). Structural comparison of the ORF1p with apo-(GRCSL16CL23C)3 shows very similar Cys3 layers, preorganized for Pb(II) binding. We propose that exposure to heavy metals, such as lead, could influence directly the structural parameters of ORF1p and thus impact the overall LINE1 retrotransposition frequency, directly relating heavy metal exposure to genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B J Pinter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Leela Ruckthong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Jeanne A Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Aniruddha Deb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James E Penner-Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Vincent L Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Xia Y, Yang J, Ma L, Yan S, Pang Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Analyses of Drought/Salt-Responsive Cytochrome P450 Genes in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189957. [PMID: 34576120 PMCID: PMC8467197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) catalyze a great number of biochemical reactions and play vital roles in plant growth, development and secondary metabolism. As yet, the genome-scale investigation on P450s is still lacking in the model legume Medicago truncatula. In particular, whether and how many MtP450s are involved in drought and salt stresses for Medicago growth, development and yield remain unclear. In this study, a total of 346 MtP450 genes were identified and classified into 10 clans containing 48 families. Among them, sixty-one MtP450 genes pairs are tandem duplication events and 10 MtP450 genes are segmental duplication events. MtP450 genes within one family exhibit high conservation and specificity in intron–exon structure. Meanwhile, many Mt450 genes displayed tissue-specific expression pattern in various tissues. Specifically, the expression pattern of 204 Mt450 genes under drought/NaCl treatments were analyzed by using the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Among them, eight genes (CYP72A59v1, CYP74B4, CYP71AU56, CYP81E9, CYP71A31, CYP704G6, CYP76Y14, and CYP78A126), and six genes (CYP83D3, CYP76F70, CYP72A66, CYP76E1, CYP74C12, and CYP94A52) were found to be hub genes under drought/NaCl treatments, respectively. The expression levels of these selected hub genes could be induced, respectively, by drought/NaCl treatments, as validated by qPCR analyses, and most of these genes are involved in the secondary metabolism and fatty acid pathways. The genome-wide identification and co-expression analyses of M. truncatulaP450 superfamily genes established a gene atlas for a deep and systematic investigation of P450 genes in M. truncatula, and the selected drought-/salt-responsive genes could be utilized for further functional characterization and molecular breeding for resistance in legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaying Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (L.M.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (L.M.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (L.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Su Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (L.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (L.M.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang L, Li H, Zeng G, Shi L, Zhu M, Luo J, Zhang Z. Correlation of GSTP1 rs1695 and CAT rs769217 with elevated AST induced by valproate sodium in Chinese children with epilepsy. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:1759-1766. [PMID: 34803013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Valproate (VPA)-induced hepatotoxicity is a fatal adverse drug reaction,and children is a high-risk population. Our study aimed to explore whether key genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant pathway is associated with VPA-mediated AST elevation. We included 194 newly diagnosed epilepsy children (aged from 1 to 16 years old) and treated with VPA. These patients were divided into two groups: one group for AST is normal and another group is AST elevated. AST elevation occurred in 25.8% of patient treated with VPA. During VPA monotherapy, the maximum AST in patients of GSTP1 rs1695 with AA genotype was significantly higher than carrying G alleles (36.50 ±14.89 vs 32.88±10.69, P=0.003). Patients with AG+GG genotype of GSTP1 rs1695 had a reduced risk of elevated AST (adjusted OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.16-0.84, P=0.017). There is a significant difference in the maximum AST value of CAT rs769217 genotype (P=0.011, P= 0.045, respectively). Children with CAT rs769217 CT genotype or CT+TT genotype have a lower risk of elevated AST (adjusted OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.13-0.68, P=0.004 and adjusted OR=0.41, 95% CI:0.20-0.82,P=0.012, respectively). Children who with GSTP1 rs1695 G allele have a reduced risk of AST abnormalities. We conducted CAT rs769217 CC genotype is a risk factor for AST elevation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China/Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huilan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China/ Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangting Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China/ Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Mental Health Centre, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China/Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zanling Zhang
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ghafoor S, Zeshan B, Khan M, Kabir S. Evaluation of 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene in aminoglycosides resistant isolates of cancer patients. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:1737-1741. [PMID: 34803010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are used in empiric treatment of critically ill patients. Efficacy of aminoglycoside has been reduced due to dissemination of resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate aminoglycoside resistance in cancer patients with pneumoniae. A total of 150 Bronchoalveolar lavage and Bronchial washing samples were collected from cancer patients. The samples were identified with standard microbiological procedures. Phenotypic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined against various groups of antibiotics such as Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams, Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclins, Glycopeptides and Sulphonamides. The isolates with phenotypic resistant to aminoglycosides were further evaluated for the presence of armA gene. The strains of E. coli (12.5%), S. aureus (15.6%), Streptococcus (15.6%), Pseudomonas (18.7%) and K. pneumoniae (37.5%) were isolated. The phenotypic resistance profile showed highest resistance against aminoglycosides (Tobramycin, 53.1% Gentamicin and 50% Amikacin) followed by cephalosporins and sulfonamides group. The armA gene was detected in aminoglycoside resistant isolates. The overall genotypic resistance was evaluated as 21.8%. The armA gene was found in K.pneumoniae 23.5%, Pseudomonas 11.8% (4/24) and E. coli 5.9%. High level resistance to aminoglycosides raises therapeutic concern to health care professionals. These findings highlight the importance of effective monitoring and surveillance to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghafoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences University of the Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Basit Zeshan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences University of the Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences University of the Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Kabir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences University of the Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Wu H, Chen X, Ding Y, Deng Y, Ma R, Chen X, Li X. Study on the effect of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism and plasma concentration on clopidogrel resistance. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:1685-1691. [PMID: 34803003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
At present, the mechanism for clopidogrel resistance (CR) is incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to analyze of the association of plasma concentration of clopidogrel active metabolites (CAM) and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism with CR. We assigned 77 patients to receive CLP at a loading dose of 300mg on day 1, followed by 75mg per day from day 2 to day 6. Three peripheral venous blood samples were collected for analysis. Our results showed that plasma concentration of CAM in extensive metabolizers (EMs) group (2.48(1.31, 5.67) ng/mL) was higher than that in intermediate metabolizers (IMs) group (1.44(1.18,3.55) ng/mL) and that in poor metabolizers (PMs) (1.18(1.12,1.33) ng/mL) group was the lowest (H=14.58, P=0.001). Besides, the incidence of CR in EMs group(11.1%) was lower than that in IMs group (20.0%) and that in IMs group was lower than that in PMs group (45.5%) (χ2=6.344, P=0.042). In addition, our findings confirmed that the incidence of chest tightness in IMs group (40.0%) and PMs group (50.0%) was higher than that in EMs group (9.1%) (P=0.015). Over the follow-up period, it was found that CYP2C19 and plasma concentration of CAM were related to the incidence of chest tightness. Our findings indicated that in addition to CYP2C19, plasma concentration of CAM may be an important factor in predicting CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongli Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanglin Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruilan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
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Prasad K, AlOmar SY, Almuqri EA, Rudayni HA, Kumar V. Genomics-guided identification of potential modulators of SARS-CoV-2 entry proteases, TMPRSS2 and Cathepsins B/L. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256141. [PMID: 34407143 PMCID: PMC8372896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 requires serine protease, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and cysteine proteases, cathepsins B, L (CTSB/L) for entry into host cells. These host proteases activate the spike protein and enable SARS-CoV-2 entry. We herein performed genomic-guided gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify upstream regulatory elements altering the expression of TMPRSS2 and CTSB/L. Further, medicinal compounds were identified based on their effects on gene expression signatures of the modulators of TMPRSS2 and CTSB/L genes. Using this strategy, estradiol and retinoic acid have been identified as putative SARS-CoV-2 alleviation agents. Next, we analyzed drug-gene and gene-gene interaction networks using 809 human targets of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The network results indicate that estradiol interacts with 370 (45%) and retinoic acid interacts with 251 (31%) human proteins. Interestingly, a combination of estradiol and retinoic acid interacts with 461 (56%) of human proteins, indicating the therapeutic benefits of drug combination therapy. Finally, molecular docking analysis suggests that both the drugs bind to TMPRSS2 and CTSL with the nanomolar to low micromolar affinity. The results suggest that these drugs can simultaneously target both the entry pathways of SARS-CoV-2 and thus can be considered as a potential treatment option for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikay Prasad
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences (AINN), Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Suliman Yousef AlOmar
- Department of College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Abdullah Almuqri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Ahmed Rudayni
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences (AINN), Amity University, Noida, UP, India
- * E-mail:
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Ogino N, Nagaoka K, Tomizuka K, Matsuura-Harada Y, Eitoku M, Suganuma N, Ogino K. Compromised glutathione synthesis results in high susceptibility to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in acatalasemic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112509. [PMID: 34390818 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acatalasemia is caused by genetic defect in the catalase gene. Human achatalasemia patients are able to scavenge physiological hydrogen peroxide but are vulnerable to exogenous oxidative stress. In the present study, we used an acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity model in acatalasemic mice to explore this vulnerability. Interestingly, the acetaminophen-induced decrease in total glutathione levels was more prolonged in acatalasemic mice. While the subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a glutathione synthase enzyme, were increased by acetaminophen in the liver of wild-type mice, their expression was lower and was further reduced by acetaminophen in acatalasemic mice. This feature was also observed in immortalized hepatocytes derived from the livers of these mice. However, when catalase was knocked down in HepG2 cells, a cultured human liver cell line, the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase subunits was increased, suggesting that the low expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase subunits in acatalasemia may be due to other mechanism than catalase deficiency. Therefore, when other factors were investigated, it was found that transforming growth factor-β1 was up-regulated by acetaminophen in the liver of acatalasemic mice, which may inhibit the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase subunits. The results of this study suggest a new toxic mechanism of acetaminophen-induced liver injury in patients with acatalasemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Ogino
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan; Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka 1-1, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Kotomi Tomizuka
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuura-Harada
- Department of Biofunction Imaging Analysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University,1-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Keiki Ogino
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
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50
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Jog R, Chen G, Wang J, Leff T. Hormonal regulation of glycine decarboxylase and its relationship to oxidative stress. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14991. [PMID: 34342168 PMCID: PMC8329434 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In both humans and rodent models, circulating glycine levels are significantly reduced in obesity, glucose intolerance, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The glycine cleavage system and its rate-limiting enzyme, glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), is a major determinant of plasma glycine levels. The goals of this study were to determine if the increased expression of GLDC contributes to the reduced plasma glycine levels seen in disease states, to characterize the hormonal regulation of GLDC gene expression, and to determine if altered GLDC expression has physiological effects that might affect the development of diabetes. The findings presented here show that hepatic GLDC gene expression is elevated in mouse models of obesity and diabetes, as well as by fasting. We demonstrated that GLDC gene expression is strongly regulated by the metabolic hormones glucagon and insulin, and we identified the signaling pathways involved in this regulation. Finally, we found that GLDC expression is linked to glutathione levels, with increased expression associated with elevated levels of glutathione and reduced expression associated with a suppression of glutathione and increased cellular ROS levels. These findings suggest that the hormonal regulation of GLDC contributes not only to the changes in circulating glycine levels seen in metabolic disease, but also affects glutathione production, possibly as a defense against metabolic disease-associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Jog
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Todd Leff
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
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