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Hu J, Zhang M, Yan K, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhu J, Wang G, Wang X, Li Y, Huang X, Tang J, Zheng R, Xu S, Wang D, Wang Y, Yan X. Cold Stress Induces Apoptosis in Silver Pomfret via DUSP-JNK Pathway. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2023; 25:846-857. [PMID: 37658990 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
We cultured silver pomfret for 20 days, decreasing water temperature from 18 to 8 ℃, and sampled muscle every 5 days. Muscle fiber degeneration and apoptosis began to increase at 13 ℃ detected by HE and TUNEL staining. Further analysis of transcriptome revealed that several apoptosis-related pathways were highly enriched by differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We analyzed 10 DEGs from these pathways by RT-qPCR during the temperature-decreasing process. JNK1, PIDD, CytC, Casp 3, and GADD45 were up-regulated after 15 and 20 days, while DUSP3, JNK2, and PARP genes were down-regulated after 15 and 20 days. DUSP5 was up-regulated from 10 to 20 days, and C-JUN was up-regulated after 20 days. We analyzed apoptosis in PaM cells under different temperatures (26 ℃, 23 ℃, 20 ℃, 17 ℃, and 14 ℃). The cell viability significantly declined from 14 to 20 ℃; the TUNEL and IHC results showed that the apoptosis signal increased with the temperature dropping, especially in 17 ℃ and 14 ℃; DUSP5, JNK1, CytC, C-JUN, Casp 3, and GADD45 were up-regulated at 17 ℃ and 14 ℃, and PIDD was up-regulated at 20 ℃, 17 ℃, and 14 ℃. DUSP3 was up-regulated at 20 ℃ but down-regulated at 17 ℃ and 14 ℃, and PARP was down-regulated at 17 ℃ and 14 ℃. JNK2 was up-regulated at 20 ℃ but down-regulated at 17 ℃ and 14 ℃. Our results suggest that DUSP could help inhibit apoptosis in the initial stage of cold stress, but low temperature could down-regulate it and up-regulate JNK-C-JUN, inducing apoptosis in a later stage. These data provide a basis for the study of the response mechanism of fish to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Hu
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaiheng Yan
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaya Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiangbing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Tang
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rongyue Zheng
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanliang Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, China
| | - Danli Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Yang CM, Yang CC, Hsu WH, Hsiao LD, Tseng HC, Shih YF. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 20 Expression through TNF Receptor 1-Dependent Activation of EGFR/p38 MAPK and JNK1/2/FoxO1 or the NF-κB Pathway in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169086. [PMID: 36012347 PMCID: PMC9409325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac injury, inflammation, and apoptosis. It is a crucial pro-inflammatory cytokine in many heart disorders, including chronic heart failure and ischemic heart disease, contributing to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. The implication of TNF-α in inflammatory responses in the heart has been indicated to be mediated through the induction of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 20 (CCL20). However, the detailed mechanisms of TNF-α-induced CCL20 upregulation in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) are not completely defined. We demonstrated that in HCFs, TNF-α induced CCL20 mRNA expression and promoter activity leading to an increase in the secretion of CCL20. TNF-α-mediated responses were attenuated by pretreatment with TNFR1 antibody, the inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (AG1478), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p38 inhibitor VIII, p38i VIII), c-Jun amino N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 (SP600125), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) (helenalin), or forkhead box O (FoxO)1 (AS1841856) and transfection with siRNA of TNFR1, EGFR, p38α, JNK2, p65, or FoxO1. Moreover, TNF-α markedly induced EGFR, p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, FoxO1, and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation which was inhibited by their respective inhibitors in these cells. In addition, TNF-α-enhanced binding of FoxO1 or p65 to the CCL20 promoter was inhibited by p38i VIII, SP600125, and AS1841856, or helenalin, respectively. Accordingly, in HCFs, our findings are the first to clarify that TNF-α-induced CCL20 secretion is mediated through a TNFR1-dependent EGFR/p38 MAPK and JNK1/2/FoxO1 or NF-κB cascade. We demonstrated that TNFR1-derived EGFR transactivation is involved in the TNF-α-induced responses in these cells. Understanding the regulation of CCL20 expression by TNF-α on HCFs may provide a potential therapeutic strategy in cardiac inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 2229)
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Shih
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Ping F, Wang Y, Shen X, Tan C, Zhu L, Xing W, Xu J. Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking to Study the Mechanism of Chinese Medicines in the Treatment of Coronavirus Infection. Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e934102. [PMID: 35075100 PMCID: PMC8800284 DOI: 10.12659/msm.934102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat-clearing and detoxifying herbs (HDHs) play an important role in the prevention and treatment of coronavirus infection. However, their mechanism of action needs further study. This study aimed to explore the anti-coronavirus basis and mechanism of HDHs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Database mining was performed on 7 HDHs. Core ingredients and targets were screened according to ADME rules combined with Neighborhood, Co-occurrence, Co-expression, and other algorithms. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were performed using the R language. Finally, high-throughput molecular docking was used for verification. RESULTS HDHs mainly acts on NOS3, EGFR, IL-6, MAPK8, PTGS2, MAPK14, NFKB1, and CASP3 through quercetin, luteolin, wogonin, indirubin alkaloids, ß-sitosterol, and isolariciresinol. These targets are mainly involved in the regulation of biological processes such as inflammation, activation of MAPK activity, and positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity. Pathway analysis further revealed that the pathways regulated by these targets mainly include: signaling pathways related to viral and bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, influenza A, Ras signaling pathways; inflammation-related pathways such as the TLR, TNF, MAPK, and HIF-1 signaling pathways; and immune-related pathways such as NOD receptor signaling pathways. These pathways play a synergistic role in inhibiting lung inflammation and regulating immunity and antiviral activity. CONCLUSIONS HDHs play a role in the treatment of coronavirus infection by regulating the body's immunity, fighting inflammation, and antiviral activities, suggesting a molecular basis and new strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 and a foundation for the screening of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ping
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xia Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Conge Tan
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wenwen Xing
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, PR China
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Ma M, Luo Q, Fan L, Li W, Li Q, Meng Y, Yun C, Wu H, Lu Y, Cui S, Liu F, Hu B, Guan B, Liu H, Huang S, Liang W, Morgera S, Krämer B, Luan S, Yin L, Hocher B. The urinary exosomes derived from premature infants attenuate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice via microRNA-30a-5p/ mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8). Bioengineered 2022; 13:1650-1665. [PMID: 35001794 PMCID: PMC8805886 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2021686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a susceptible factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is still a lack of effective prevention methods in clinical practice. This study investigated the protective effect of the urinary exosomes from premature infants on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Here we isolated exosomes from the fresh urine of premature infants. A C57BL/6 mice model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury was given 100 ug urinary exosomes 24 hours after model establishment. The kidneys were collected for pathological examination and the evaluation of renal tubular damage and apoptosis. In the in vitro experiment, human renal cortex/proximal tubular cells (HK-2) were induced by cisplatin to assess the effect of the urine exosomes from premature infants. Exosome microRNA (miRNA) sequencing technology was applied to investigate the miRNAs enriched in exosomes and the dual-luciferase gene reporter system to examine the targeting relationship of the miRNA with target genes. The results indicated that the urinary exosomes could decrease the serum creatinine level and the apoptosis of renal tubular cells, and reduce mice mortality. In addition, miR-30a-5p was the most abundant miRNA in the exosomes. It protected HK-2 cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis by targeting and down-regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8). Together, our findings identified that the urinary exosomes derived from premature infants alleviated cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and inhibited the apoptosis of HK-2 via miR-30a-5p, which could target MAPK8. These findings implied that urinary exosomes from premature infants riched in miR-30a-5p might become a potential treatment for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ma
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Luo
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Fan
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weilong Li
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yun
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yongping Lu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Cui
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baozhang Guan
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengling Huang
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Liang
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Bernhard Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/endocrinology/rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaodong Luan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/endocrinology/rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Smith AO, Jonassen JA, Preval KM, Davis RJ, Pazour GJ. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling contributes to cystic burden in polycystic kidney disease. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009711. [PMID: 34962918 PMCID: PMC8746764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited degenerative disease in which the uriniferous tubules are replaced by expanding fluid-filled cysts that ultimately destroy organ function. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common form, afflicting approximately 1 in 1,000 people. It primarily is caused by mutations in the transmembrane proteins polycystin-1 (Pkd1) and polycystin-2 (Pkd2). The most proximal effects of Pkd mutations leading to cyst formation are not known, but pro-proliferative signaling must be involved for the tubule epithelial cells to increase in number over time. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway promotes proliferation and is activated in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Using a mouse model of cystic kidney disease caused by Pkd2 loss, we observe JNK activation in cystic kidneys and observe increased nuclear phospho c-Jun in cystic epithelium. Genetic removal of Jnk1 and Jnk2 suppresses the nuclear accumulation of phospho c-Jun, reduces proliferation and reduces the severity of cystic disease. While Jnk1 and Jnk2 are thought to have largely overlapping functions, we find that Jnk1 loss is nearly as effective as the double loss of Jnk1 and Jnk2. Jnk pathway inhibitors are in development for neurodegeneration, cancer, and fibrotic diseases. Our work suggests that the JNK pathway should be explored as a therapeutic target for ADPKD. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a leading cause of end stage renal disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplant. During disease development, the cells lining the kidney tubules proliferate. This proliferation transforms normally small diameter tubules into fluid-filled cysts that enlarge with time, eventually destroying all kidney function. Despite decades of research, polycystic kidney disease remains incurable. Furthermore, the precise signaling events involved in cyst initiation and growth remain unclear. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), is a major pathway regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation but its importance to polycystic kidney disease was not known. We show that JNK activity is elevated in cystic kidneys and that reducing JNK activity decreases cyst growth pointing to JNK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for treating polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail O. Smith
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Jonassen
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenley M. Preval
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zepeda-Peña AC, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Domínguez-Rosales JA, García-López PM, Pizano-Andrade JC, Hernández-Nazará ZH, Vargas-Guerrero B. Effect of Lupinus rotundiflorus gamma conglutin treatment on JNK1 gene expression and protein activation in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:374-380. [PMID: 33784492 PMCID: PMC8018548 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1893757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gamma conglutin (Cγ) from lupine species represents a potential complementary treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of its hypoglycaemic effect. However, its underlying mechanism of action is not fully known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether Cγ from Lupinus rotundiflorus M. E. Jones (Fabaceae) modulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) expression and activation in a T2DM rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gamma conglutin isolated from L. rotundiflorus seeds was characterized by SDS-PAGE. Fifteen Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced T2DM (HG) were randomized into three groups (n = 5): vehicle administration (HG-Ctrl), oral treatment with Cγ (120 mg/kg/day) (HG-Lr) for one week, and treatment with metformin (300 mg/kg/day) (HG-Met); a healthy group (Ctrl, n = 5) was included as control. The levels of glucose and biomarkers of renal and hepatic function were measured pre- and post-treatment. Hepatic Jnk1 expression and phosphorylation of JNK1 were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Oral treatment with either Cγ or metformin reduced serum glucose level to 86.30 and 74.80 mg/dL, respectively (p ˂ 0.05), from the basal levels. Jnk1 expression was 0.65- and 0.54-fold lower (p ˂ 0.05) in the HG-Lr and HG-Met groups, respectively, than in HG-Ctrl. Treatment with Cγ decreased JNK1 phosphorylation. However, Cγ did not change the levels of kidney and liver biomarkers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Treatment with Cγ from L. rotundiflorus inhibited Jnk1 expression, in vivo, suggesting JNK1 as a potential therapeutic target in diabetes and revealing one mechanism underlying the hypoglycaemic effect of lupine Cγ. Nevertheless, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Catalina Zepeda-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Carmen Magdalena Gurrola-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - José Alfredo Domínguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Pedro Macedonio García-López
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Juan Carlos Pizano-Andrade
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México
| | - Zamira Helena Hernández-Nazará
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Belinda Vargas-Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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Lepore A, Choy PM, Lee NCW, Carella MA, Favicchio R, Briones-Orta MA, Glaser SS, Alpini G, D'Santos C, Tooze RM, Lorger M, Syn WK, Papakyriakou A, Giamas G, Bubici C, Papa S. Phosphorylation and Stabilization of PIN1 by JNK Promote Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Growth. Hepatology 2021; 74:2561-2579. [PMID: 34048060 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive type of liver cancer in urgent need of treatment options. Aberrant activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is a key feature in ICC and an attractive candidate target for its treatment. However, the mechanisms by which constitutive JNK activation promotes ICC growth, and therefore the key downstream effectors of this pathway, remain unknown for their applicability as therapeutic targets. Our aim was to obtain a better mechanistic understanding of the role of JNK signaling in ICC that could open up therapeutic opportunities. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo, we show that activation of the JNK pathway promotes ICC cell proliferation by affecting the protein stability of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), a key driver of tumorigenesis. PIN1 is highly expressed in ICC primary tumors, and its expression positively correlates with active JNK. Mechanistically, the JNK kinases directly bind to and phosphorylate PIN1 at Ser115, and this phosphorylation prevents PIN1 mono-ubiquitination at Lys117 and its proteasomal degradation. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of PIN1 through all-trans retinoic acid, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, impairs the growth of both cultured and xenografted ICC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate the JNK-PIN1 regulatory axis as a functionally important determinant for ICC growth, and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of JNK activation through PIN1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lepore
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Pui Man Choy
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan C W Lee
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Annunziata Carella
- Center for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosy Favicchio
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco A Briones-Orta
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon S Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Clive D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben M Tooze
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Lorger
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Concetta Bubici
- Center for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Papa
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Tsay TB, Chang WH, Hsu CM, Chen LW. Mechanical ventilation enhances Acinetobacter baumannii-induced lung injury through JNK pathways. Respir Res 2021; 22:159. [PMID: 34022899 PMCID: PMC8140754 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) often received broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and Acinetobacter baumannii (A.b.) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) were the most common pathogens causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This study aimed to examine the effects and mechanism of mechanical ventilation (MV) on A.b.-induced lung injury and the involvement of alveolar macrophages (AMs). METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase knockout (JNK1-/-) mice received MV for 3 h at 2 days after nasal instillation of A.b., P.a. (1 × 106 colony-forming unit, CFU), or normal saline. RESULTS Intranasal instillation of 106 CFU A.b. in C57BL/6 mice induced a significant increase in total cells and protein levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs. MV after A.b. instillation increases neutrophil infiltration, interleukin (IL)-6 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) mRNA expression in the lungs and total cells, IL-6 levels, and nitrite levels in the BALF. The killing activity of AMs against A.b. was lower than against P.a. The diminished killing activity was parallel with decreased tumor necrosis factor-α production by AMs compared with A.b. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea, decreased the total cell number in BALF on mice receiving A.b. instillation and ventilation. Moreover, MV decreased the A.b. and P.a. killing activity of AMs. MV after A.b. instillation induced less total cells in the BALF and nitrite production in the serum of JNK1-/- mice than those of WT mice. CONCLUSION A.b. is potent in inducing neutrophil infiltration in the lungs and total protein in the BALF. MV enhances A.b.-induced lung injury through an increase in the expression of VCAM and IL-6 levels in the BALF and a decrease in the bacteria-killing activity of AMs. A lower inflammation level in JNK1-/- mice indicates that A.b.-induced VAP causes lung injury through JNK signaling pathway in the lungs.
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MESH Headings
- Acinetobacter Infections/enzymology
- Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology
- Acinetobacter Infections/pathology
- Acinetobacter baumannii/pathogenicity
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Lung/enzymology
- Lung/microbiology
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/enzymology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/microbiology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/metabolism
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/enzymology
- Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/pathology
- Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury/enzymology
- Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury/microbiology
- Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury/pathology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzyy-Bin Tsay
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Zuoying Branch, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mei Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Wei Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Le A, Azouz A, Thomas S, Istaces N, Nguyen M, Goriely S. JNK1 Signaling Downstream of the EGFR Pathway Contributes to Aldara ®-Induced Skin Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604785. [PMID: 33613525 PMCID: PMC7892463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1) is involved in multiple biological processes but its implication in inflammatory skin diseases is still poorly defined. Herein, we studied the role of JNK1 in the context of Aldara®-induced skin inflammation. We observed that constitutive ablation of JNK1 reduced Aldara®-induced acanthosis and expression of inflammatory markers. Conditional deletion of JNK1 in myeloid cells led to reduced skin inflammation, a finding that was associated with impaired Aldara®-induced inflammasome activation in vitro. Next, we evaluated the specific role of JNK1 in epidermal cells. We observed reduced Aldara®-induced acanthosis despite similar levels of inflammatory markers. Transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of keratinocytes revealed the potential involvement of JNK1 in the EGFR signaling pathway. Finally, we show that inhibition of the EGFR pathway reduced Aldara®-induced acanthosis. Taken together, these data indicate that JNK1 plays a dual role in the context of psoriasis by regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines by myeloid cells and the sensitivity of keratinocytes to EGFR ligands. These results suggest that JNK1 could represent a valuable therapeutic target in the context of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology and ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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10
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Li Z, Oh H, Cung M, Marquez SJ, Sun J, Hammad H, Janssens S, Pouliot P, Lambrecht BN, Yang YS, Shim JH, Greenblatt MB. TAOK3 is a MAP3K contributing to osteoblast differentiation and skeletal mineralization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:497-502. [PMID: 32807497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current anabolic drugs to treat osteoporosis and other disorders of low bone mass all have important limitations in terms of toxicity, contraindications, or poor efficacy in certain contexts. Addressing these limitations will require a better understanding of the molecular pathways, such as the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, that govern osteoblast differentiation and, thereby, skeletal mineralization. Whereas MAP3Ks functioning in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and p38 pathways have been identified in osteoblasts, MAP3Ks mediating proximal activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway have yet to be identified. Here, we demonstrate that thousand-and-one kinase 3 (TAOK3, MAP3K18) functions as an upstream activator of the JNK pathway in osteoblasts both in vitro and in vivo. Taok3-deficient osteoblasts displayed defective JNK pathway activation and a marked decrease in osteoblast differentiation markers and defective mineralization, which was also confirmed using TAOK3 deficient osteoblasts derived from human MSCs. Additionally, reduced expression of Taok3 in a murine model resulted in osteopenia that phenocopies aspects of the Jnk1-associated skeletal phenotype such as occipital hypomineralization. Thus, in vitro and in vivo evidence supports TAOK3 as a proximal activator of the JNK pathway in osteoblasts that plays a critical role in skeletal mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Department of Sports Medicine & Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hwanhee Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michelle Cung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sofia Jenia Marquez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hamida Hammad
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Janssens
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yeon-Suk Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA01605, USA
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA01605, USA.
| | - Matthew B Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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11
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Santos-Ledo A, Washer S, Dhanaseelan T, Eley L, Alqatani A, Chrystal PW, Papoutsi T, Henderson DJ, Chaudhry B. Alternative splicing of jnk1a in zebrafish determines first heart field ventricular cardiomyocyte numbers through modulation of hand2 expression. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008782. [PMID: 32421721 PMCID: PMC7259801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The planar cell polarity pathway is required for heart development and whilst the functions of most pathway members are known, the roles of the jnk genes in cardiac morphogenesis remain unknown as mouse mutants exhibit functional redundancy, with early embryonic lethality of compound mutants. In this study zebrafish were used to overcome early embryonic lethality in mouse models and establish the requirement for Jnk in heart development. Whole mount in-situ hybridisation and RT-PCR demonstrated that evolutionarily conserved alternative spliced jnk1a and jnk1b transcripts were expressed in the early developing heart. Maternal zygotic null mutant zebrafish lines for jnk1a and jnk1b, generated using CRISPR-Cas9, revealed a requirement for jnk1a in formation of the proximal, first heart field (FHF)-derived portion of the cardiac ventricular chamber. Rescue of the jnk1a mutant cardiac phenotype was only possible by injection of the jnk1a EX7 Lg alternatively spliced transcript. Analysis of mutants indicated that there was a reduction in the size of the hand2 expression field in jnk1a mutants which led to a specific reduction in FHF ventricular cardiomyocytes within the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. Moreover, the jnk1a mutant ventricular defect could be rescued by injection of hand2 mRNA. This study reveals a novel and critical requirement for Jnk1 in heart development and highlights the importance of alternative splicing in vertebrate cardiac morphogenesis. Genetic pathways functioning through jnk1 may be important in human heart malformations with left ventricular hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Santos-Ledo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Washer
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Tamil Dhanaseelan
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Eley
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Ahlam Alqatani
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Chrystal
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Papoutsi
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J. Henderson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Chaudhry
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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12
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Wang Y, Zhao W, Xiao Z, Guan G, Liu X, Zhuang M. A risk signature with four autophagy-related genes for predicting survival of glioblastoma multiforme. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3807-3821. [PMID: 32065482 PMCID: PMC7171404 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating brain tumour without effective treatment. Recent studies have shown that autophagy is a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel biomarkers associated with autophagy in GBM. In this study, we downloaded autophagy-related genes from Human Autophagy Database (HADb) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) website. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify genes for constructing a risk signature. A nomogram was developed by integrating the risk signature with clinicopathological factors. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration plot were used to evaluate the efficiency of the prognostic model. Finally, four autophagy-related genes (DIRAS3, LGALS8, MAPK8 and STAM) were identified and were used for constructing a risk signature, which proved to be an independent risk factor for GBM patients. Furthermore, a nomogram was developed based on the risk signature and clinicopathological factors (IDH1 status, age and history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy). ROC curve and calibration plot suggested the nomogram could accurately predict 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate of GBM patients. For function analysis, the risk signature was associated with apoptosis, necrosis, immunity, inflammation response and MAPK signalling pathway. In conclusion, the risk signature with 4 autophagy-related genes could serve as an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients. Moreover, we developed a nomogram based on the risk signature and clinical traits which was validated to perform better for predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | | | - Zhe Xiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Gefei Guan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of StomatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Minghua Zhuang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
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13
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Abstract
Synaptic communication requires the expression of functional postsynaptic receptors that match the presynaptically released neurotransmitter. The ability of neurons to switch the transmitter they release is increasingly well documented, and these switches require changes in the postsynaptic receptor population. Although the activity-dependent molecular mechanism of neurotransmitter switching is increasingly well understood, the basis of specification of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors matching the newly expressed transmitter is unknown. Using a functional assay, we show that sustained application of glutamate to embryonic vertebrate skeletal muscle cells cultured before innervation is necessary and sufficient to up-regulate ionotropic glutamate receptors from a pool of different receptors expressed at low levels. Up-regulation of these ionotropic receptors is independent of signaling by metabotropic glutamate receptors. Both imaging of glutamate-induced calcium elevations and Western blots reveal ionotropic glutamate receptor expression prior to immunocytochemical detection. Sustained application of glutamate to skeletal myotomes in vivo is necessary and sufficient for up-regulation of membrane expression of the GluN1 NMDA receptor subunit. Pharmacological antagonists and morpholinos implicate p38 and Jun kinases and MEF2C in the signal cascade leading to ionotropic glutamate receptor expression. The results suggest a mechanism by which neuronal release of transmitter up-regulates postsynaptic expression of appropriate transmitter receptors following neurotransmitter switching and may contribute to the proper expression of receptors at the time of initial innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena R Hammond-Weinberger
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357;
| | - Yunxin Wang
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357
| | - Alex Glavis-Bloom
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357
| | - Nicholas C Spitzer
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357;
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161
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14
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Wang W, Wu RD, Chen P, Xu XJ, Shi XZ, Huang LH, Shao ZL, Guo W. Liraglutide combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation inhibits beta-cell apoptosis via mediating the ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway in rats with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3212. [PMID: 31411368 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests an association between beta-cell apoptosis and the ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combined therapy of liraglutide and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on the glucose metabolism and islet beta-cell apoptosis, and further explore its relationship to the ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway. METHOD Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model was induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg). Three days after STZ injection, diabetic rats were randomly treated with subcutaneous injection of liraglutide (200 μg/kg/12 h) for 8 weeks and or hUC-MSCs (1 × 106 /rat) at the first and fifth weeks. Diabetes-related physical and biochemical parameters, pancreatic histopathological changes, immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were used to measure the expression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). RESULTS Eight weeks after liraglutide or human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell administration, FPG, HbA1c , glucagon, body weight, and pancreatic ASK1, JNK, and BAX mRNA and proteins were significantly decreased, and the levels of serum C-p, INS and GLP-1, ratio of insulin positive area, and Bcl-2 expression were significantly increased in three treatment groups compared with T2DM group (P<.05). CONCLUSION Liraglutide combined with hUC-MSCs improve glucose metabolism and inhibit islet beta-cell apoptosis in a ASK1/JNK/BAX pathway-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Dan Wu
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pin Chen
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiang Jin Xu
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhi Shi
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Hong Huang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhu Lin Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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15
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van der Velden JL, Alcorn JF, Chapman DG, Lundblad LKA, Irvin CG, Davis RJ, Butnor K, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Airway epithelial specific deletion of Jun-N-terminal kinase 1 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in two independent mouse models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226904. [PMID: 31935227 PMCID: PMC6959564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress-induced kinase, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. However, the exact cell type(s) wherein JNK1 exerts its pro-fibrotic role(s) remained enigmatic. Herein we demonstrate prominent activation of JNK in bronchial epithelia using the mouse models of bleomycin- or AdTGFβ1-induced fibrosis. Furthermore, in lung tissues of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), active JNK was observed in various regions including type I and type II pneumocytes and fibroblasts. No JNK activity was observed in adjacent normal tissue or in normal control tissue. To address the role of epithelial JNK1, we ablated Jnk1 form bronchiolar and alveolar type II epithelial cells using CCSP-directed Cre recombinase-mediated ablation of LoxP-flanked Jnk1 alleles. Our results demonstrate that ablation of Jnk1 from airway epithelia resulted in a strong protection from bleomycin- or adenovirus expressing active transforming growth factor beta-1 (AdTGFβ1)-induced fibrosis. Ablation of the Jnk1 allele at a time when collagen increases were already present showed a reversal of existing increases in collagen content. Epithelial Jnk1 ablation resulted in attenuation of mesenchymal genes and proteins in lung tissue and preserved expression of epithelial genes. Collectively, these data suggest that epithelial JNK1 contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Given the presence of active JNK in lungs from patients with IPF, targeting JNK1 in airway epithelia may represent a potential treatment strategy to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos L. van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David G. Chapman
- Departments of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Lennart K. A. Lundblad
- Departments of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Charles G. Irvin
- Departments of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelly Butnor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Yvonne M. W. Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Hao Q, Liu Z, Lu L, Zhang L, Zuo L. Both JNK1 and JNK2 Are Indispensable for Sensitized Extracellular Matrix Mineralization in IKKβ-Deficient Osteoblasts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:13. [PMID: 32117051 PMCID: PMC7028708 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix mineralization is critical for osteogenesis, and its dysregulation could result in osteoporosis and vascular calcification. IKK/NF-κB activation inhibits differentiation of osteoblasts, and reduces extracellular matrix mineralization, however the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 system to permanently inactivate IKKβ in preosteoblast cells and confirmed that such cells displayed dramatic increase in extracellular matrix mineralization associated with JNK phosphorylation. Such observation was also found in our study using IKKβ-deficient primary murine osteoblasts. Interestingly, we found that in Ikbkb-/-Mapk8-/- or Ikbkb-/-Mapk9-/- double knockout cells, the enhanced mineralization caused by IKKβ deficiency was completely abolished, and deletion of either Mapk8 or Mapk9 was sufficient to dampen c-Jun phosphorylation. In further experiments, we discovered that absence of JNK1 or JNK2 on IKKβ-deficient background resulted in highly conserved transcriptomic alteration in response to osteogenic induction. Therefore, identification of the indispensable roles of JNK1 and JNK2 in activating c-Jun and promoting osteoblast differentiation on IKKβ-deficient background provided novel insights into restoring homeostasis in extracellular matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Lichen Zhang
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zuo
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Wang Y, Liu T, Ma F, Lu X, Mao H, Zhou W, Yang L, Li P, Zhan Y. A Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Unveiling the Mechanisms of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F against Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:2421631. [PMID: 33274236 PMCID: PMC7695487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2421631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) poses a major public-health burden globally. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) is a widely employed herbal medicine in decreasing albuminuria among diabetic patients. However, a holistic network pharmacology strategy to investigate the active components and therapeutic mechanism underlying DKD is still unavailable. METHODS We collected TwHF ingredients and their targets by traditional Chinese Medicine databases (TCMSP). Then, we obtained DKD targets from GeneCards and OMIM and collected and analyzed TwHF-DKD common targets using the STRING database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established by Cytoscape and analyzed by MCODE plugin to get clusters. In addition, the cytoHubba software was used to identify hub genes. Finally, all the targets of clusters were subjected for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses via DAVID. RESULTS A total of 51 active ingredients in TwHF were identified and hit by 88 potential targets related to DKD. Compounds correspond to more targets include kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and Triptoditerpenic acid B, which appeared to be high-potential compounds. Genes with higher degree including VEGFA, PTGS2, JUN, MAPK8, and HSP90AA1 are hub genes of TwHF against DKD, which are involved in inflammation, insulin resistance, and lipid homeostasis. Kaempferol and VEGFA were represented as the uppermost active ingredient and core gene of TwHF in treating DKD, respectively. DAVID results indicated that TwHF may play a role in treating DKD through AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, insulin resistance, and calcium signaling pathway (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Kaempferol and VEGFA were represented as the uppermost active ingredient and core gene of TwHF in treating DKD, respectively. The key mechanisms of TwHF against DKD might be involved in the reduction of renal inflammation by downregulating VEGFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Weie Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Yang JS, Lin RC, Hsieh YH, Wu HH, Li GC, Lin YC, Yang SF, Lu KH. CLEFMA Activates the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptotic Processes through JNK1/2 and p38 Pathways in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183280. [PMID: 31505816 PMCID: PMC6767181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the poor prognosis of metastatic osteosarcoma, chemotherapy is usually employed in the adjuvant situation to improve the prognosis and the chances of long-term survival. 4-[3,5-Bis(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-oxo-piperidine-1-yl]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (CLEFMA) is a synthetic analog of curcumin and possesses anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. To further obtain information regarding the apoptotic pathway induced by CLEFMA in osteosarcoma cells, microculture tetrazolium assay, annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis staining assay, human apoptosis array, and Western blotting were employed. CLEFMA dose-dependently decreased the cell viabilities of human osteosarcoma U2OS and HOS cells and significantly induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. In addition to the effector caspase 3, CLEFMA significantly activated both extrinsic caspase 8 and intrinsic caspase 9 initiators. Moreover, CLEFMA increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK)1/2 and p38. Using inhibitors of JNK (JNK-in-8) and p38 (SB203580), CLEFMA’s increases of cleaved caspases 3, 8, and 9 could be expectedly suppressed, but they could not be affected by co-treatment with the ERK inhibitor (U0126). Conclusively, CLEFMA activates both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in human osteosarcoma cells through JNK and p38 signaling. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for CLEFMA’s apoptotic effects on human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sin Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Renn-Chia Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Division of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Wound Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Heng-Hsiung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Tumor Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Geng-Chung Li
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Chiu Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Ling GQ, Li XF, Lei XH, Wang ZY, Ma DY, Wang YN, Ye W. c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase inhibition attenuates early brain injury induced neuronal apoptosis via decreasing p53 phosphorylation and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activation in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:327-337. [PMID: 30431087 PMCID: PMC6297759 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI)‑induced neuronal apoptosis is primarily responsible for the subsequent complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), which may increase the risk of mortality in patients with aSAH. c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) has been demonstrated to be a promoter of EBI‑induced cell apoptosis, although the mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to explore whether the role of JNK1 is associated with tumor protein p53 (p53), which is one of the most important factor that triggers cell apoptosis. JNK1 expression was downregulated via in vivo small interfering RNA transfection in an aSAH rat model in order to assess differences in the behavior, survival times, morphology and genetics of the experimental animals. The results revealed that JNK1 inhibition improved the neurological scores and survival times of SAH rats by interrupting cascaded neuronal apoptosis. The interruption of EBI‑induced neuronal apoptosis may originate from a decrease in the level of p53 phosphorylation and deactivation of the downstream mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that JNK1 may be a promising target for improving the prognosis of patients with aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Qiang Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Hui Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ying Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Na Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
- Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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20
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da Silva VC, de Araújo AA, de Souza Araújo DF, Souza Lima MCJ, Vasconcelos RC, de Araújo Júnior RF, Langasnner SMZ, de Freitas Fernandes Pedrosa M, de Medeiros CACX, Guerra GCB. Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Aqueous Extract from Ipomoea asarifolia in DNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124016. [PMID: 30545135 PMCID: PMC6321343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is triggered by an uncontrolled immune response associated with genetic, environmental, and intestinal microbiota imbalance. Ipomoea asarifolia (IA), popularly known as “salsa” or “brave salsa”, belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. The aim of this approach was to study the preventive effect of IA aqueous extract in 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Rats pretreated with IA extract or sulfasalazine (SSZ) received intracolonic instillation of DNBS in 50% ethanol (v/v). IA extract presented a protective effect against intestinal inflammation, with improvement in the disease activity index and macroscopic damage. IA or SSZ significantly reduced myeloperoxidase activity, and also down-regulation of the gene expression of JNK1, NF-κβ-p65, STAT3, and decreased levels of TNFα, IL-1β, and increased IL-10, associated with a significant improvement of oxidative stress, in addition to a reduction in MDA and an increase of glutathione in colonic tissue. The protective effect of the extract was also confirmed in histological evaluation, showing preservation of the colonic cytoarchitecture. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed down-regulation of NF-κβ-p65, iNOS, IL-17, and up-regulation of SOCs-1 and MUC-2. IA extract presents antioxidant and anti-inflammatory intestinal properties, and proved to be a potential application for preventing damage induced by DNBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Costa da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Maíra Conceição Jerônimo Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Roseane Carvalho Vasconcelos
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto Langasnner
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | | | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil.
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Zoubek ME, Woitok MM, Sydor S, Nelson LJ, Bechmann LP, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Bast A, Koek GH, Trautwein C, Cubero FJ. Protective role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2 (JNK2) in ibuprofen-induced acute liver injury. J Pathol 2018; 247:110-122. [PMID: 30264435 DOI: 10.1002/path.5174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a worldwide used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which may cause acute liver injury (ALI) requiring liver transplantation. We aimed to unveil the molecular pathways involved in triggering ibuprofen-induced ALI, which, at present, remain elusive. First, we investigated activation of essential pathways in human liver sections of ibuprofen-induced ALI. Next, we assessed the cytotoxicity of ibuprofen in vitro and developed a novel murine model of ibuprofen intoxication. To assess the role of JNK, we used animals carrying constitutive deletion of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (Jnk1-/- ) or Jnk2 (Jnk2-/- ) expression and included investigations using animals with hepatocyte-specific Jnk deletion either genetically (Jnk1Δhepa ) or by siRNA (siJnk2Δhepa ). We found in human and murine samples of ibuprofen-induced acute liver failure that JNK phosphorylation was increased in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and other non-liver parenchymal cells (non-LPCs) compared with healthy tissue. In mice, ibuprofen intoxication resulted in a significantly stronger degree of liver injury compared with vehicle-treated controls as evidenced by serum transaminases, and hepatic histopathology. Next, we investigated molecular pathways. PKCα, AKT, JNK and RIPK1 were significantly increased 8 h after ibuprofen intoxication. Constitutive Jnk1-/- and Jnk2-/- deficient mice exhibited increased liver dysfunction compared to wild-type (WT) animals. Furthermore, siJnk2Δhepa animals showed a dramatic increase in biochemical markers of liver function, which correlated with significantly higher serum liver enzymes and worsened liver histology, and MAPK activation compared to Jnk1Δhepa or WT animals. In our study, cytoplasmic JNK activation in hepatocytes and other non-LPCs is a hallmark of human and murine ibuprofen-induced ALI. Functional in vivo analysis demonstrated a protective role of hepatocyte-specific Jnk2 during ibuprofen ALI. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel E Zoubek
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marius M Woitok
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Sydor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering (IBioE), Human Tissue Engineering, Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lars P Bechmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria I Lucena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, CIBERehd, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raul J Andrade
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, CIBERehd, Málaga, Spain
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ger H Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center and School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francisco J Cubero
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Tang C, Yeung LSN, Koulajian K, Zhang L, Tai K, Volchuk A, Giacca A. Glucose-Induced β-Cell Dysfunction In Vivo: Evidence for a Causal Role of C-jun N-terminal Kinase Pathway. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3643-3654. [PMID: 30215691 PMCID: PMC6195676 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged elevation of glucose can adversely affect β-cell function. Oxidative stress, which has been implicated in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction, can activate c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, whether JNK is causal in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo is unclear. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the causal role of JNK activation in in vivo models of glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction. Glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction was investigated in the presence or absence of JNK inhibition. JNK inhibition was achieved using either (i) the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 or (ii) JNK-1-null mice. (i) Rats or mice were infused intravenously with saline or glucose with or without SP600125. (ii) JNK-1 null mice and their littermate wild-type controls were infused intravenously with saline or glucose. Following the glucose infusion periods in rats and mice, β-cell function was assessed in isolated islets or in vivo using hyperglycemic clamps. Forty-eight-hour hyperglycemia at ~20 mM in rats or 96-hour hyperglycemia at ~13 mM in mice impaired β-cell function in isolated islets and in vivo. Inhibition of JNK using either SP600125 or JNK-1-null mice prevented glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in isolated islets and in vivo. Islets of JNK-1-null mice exposed to hyperglycemia in vivo showed an increase in Pdx-1 and insulin 2 mRNA, whereas islets of wild-type mice did not. Together, these data show that JNK pathway is involved in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo and is thus a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucy Shu Nga Yeung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khajag Koulajian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liling Zhang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Tai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allen Volchuk
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Adria Giacca, MD, Medical Sciences Building, 3336-1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. E-mail:
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Lou D, Wang H, Yu D. The sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinases SAPK1 and SAPK2 function collaboratively as positive regulators of salt stress tolerance in rice. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:203. [PMID: 30236054 PMCID: PMC6146518 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 family (SnRK2s) unifies different abiotic stress signals in plants. To date, the functions of two rice SnRK2s, osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 1 (SAPK1) and SAPK2, have been unknown. We investigated their roles in response to salt stress by generating loss-of-function lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and by overexpressing these proteins in transgenic rice plants. RESULTS Expression profiling revealed that SAPK1 and SAPK2 expression were strongly induced by drought, NaCl, and PEG treatment, but not by ABA. SAPK2 expression was highest in the leaves, followed by the roots, whereas SAPK1 was highest expressed in roots followed by leaves. Both proteins were localized to the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Under salt stress, sapk1, sapk2 and, in particular, sapk1/2 mutants, exhibited reduced germination rates, more severe growth inhibition, more distinct chlorosis, reduced chlorophyll contents, and reduced survival rates in comparison with the wild-type plants. In contrast, SAPK1- and SAPK2-overexpression lines had increased germination rates and reduced sensitivities to salt; including mild reductions in growth inhibition, reduced chlorosis, increased chlorophyll contents and improved survival rates in comparison with the wild-type plants. These results suggest that SAPK1 and SAPK2 may function collaboratively as positive regulators of salt stress tolerance at the germination and seedling stages. We also found that SAPK1 and SAPK2 affected the osmotic potential following salt stress by promoting the generation of osmotically active metabolites such as proline. SAPK1 and SAPK2 also improved reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification following salt stress by promoting the generation of ROS scavengers such as ascorbic acid, and by increasing the expression levels of proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). SAPK1 and SAPK2 may function collaboratively in reducing Na+ toxicity by affecting the Na+ distribution between roots and shoots, Na+ exclusion from the cytoplasm, and Na+ sequestration into the vacuoles. These effects may be facilitated through the expression of Na+-and K+-homeostasis-related genes. CONCLUSION SAPK1 and SAPK2 may function collaboratively as positive regulators of salt stress tolerance at the germination and seedling stages in rice. SAPK1 and SAPK2 may be useful to improve salt tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengji Lou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 Yunnan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Houping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 Yunnan China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 Yunnan China
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24
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Li Q, Zhang M, Xuan L, Liu Y, Chen C. Anagliptin inhibits neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury via endothelial cell-specific modulation of SOD-1/RhoA/JNK signaling in the arterial wall. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 121:105-116. [PMID: 29715547 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia is one of the major complications after stenting, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous study found that the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor, Anagliptin, suppresses intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury. Here, we further investigated the effects of Anagliptin on endothelial cell (EC) migration after balloon injury. The results showed that Anagliptin administration significantly reduced intimal hyperplasia by stimulating the migration of endothelial cells, but had no effect on the medial area after balloon injury. Anagliptin elevated the total plasma activity of SOD by up-regulating the level of SOD-1, but not SOD-2, after balloon injury. Meanwhile, pre-incubation with Anagliptin suppressed the hydrogen peroxide-mediated formation of oxidant species and apoptosis in HUVECs. In vitro pre-incubation with Anagliptin promoted the migration of HUVECs via the SOD-1/RhoA/JNK signaling pathway mediating the formation of F-actin. Collectively, the DPP-4 inhibitor, Anagliptin, regulates SOD-1/RhoA/ JNK-mediated HUVECs migration. The results suggest that Anagliptin could serve as a potential drug to prevent intimal hyperplasia formation after balloon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- The Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road Harbin, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lina Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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van der Velden JL, Wagner DE, Lahue KG, Abdalla ST, Lam YW, Weiss DJ, Janssen-Heininger YMW. TGF-β1-induced deposition of provisional extracellular matrix by tracheal basal cells promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase-1-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L984-L997. [PMID: 29469614 PMCID: PMC6032072 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00053.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells have been suggested as potential drivers of lung fibrosis, although the epithelial-dependent pathways that promote fibrogenesis remain unknown. Extracellular matrix is increasingly recognized as an environment that can drive cellular responses in various pulmonary diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated mouse tracheal basal (MTB) cells produce provisional matrix proteins in vitro, which initiate mesenchymal changes in subsequently freshly plated MTB cells via Rho kinase- and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK1)-dependent processes. Repopulation of decellularized lung scaffolds, derived from mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis or from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, with wild-type MTB cells resulted in a loss of epithelial gene expression and augmentation of mesenchymal gene expression compared with cells seeded into decellularized normal lungs. In contrast, Jnk1-/- basal cells seeded into fibrotic lung scaffolds retained a robust epithelial expression profile, failed to induce mesenchymal genes, and differentiated into club cell secretory protein-expressing cells. This new paradigm wherein TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix derived from MTB cells activates a JNK1-dependent mesenchymal program, which impedes subsequent normal epithelial cell homeostasis, provides a plausible scenario of chronic aberrant epithelial repair, thought to be critical in lung fibrogenesis. This study identifies JNK1 as a possible target for inhibition in settings wherein reepithelialization is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos L van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering, and Regeneration, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolyn G Lahue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sarah T Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
- Vermont Genetics Networks Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
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Wang X, Beute WK, Harrison JS, Studzinski GP. JNK1 as a signaling node in VDR-BRAF induction of cell death in AML. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:149-154. [PMID: 28765039 PMCID: PMC5788744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous clinical studies of vitamin D, its derivatives or analogs, have failed to clearly demonstrate sustained benefits when used for the treatment of human malignant diseases. However, given the strong preclinical evidence of anti-neoplastic activity and the epidemiological associations suggesting that vitamin D compounds may have a place in cancer therapy, attempts are continuing to devise new approaches to their therapeutic use. This laboratory has developed a strategy to enhance the effectiveness of the currently standard therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) by the immediate addition of the vitamin D2 analog Doxercalciferol combined with the plant polyphenol-derived Carnosic acid to AML cells previously treated with Cytarabine (AraC). Enhancement of AML cell death was noted to be dependent on VDR and BRAF kinase. Here we document that the stress-related kinase JNK is an important additional component of cell death enhancement in this protocol. Either the Knock-down or the inhibition of JNK activity reduced the enhancement of AraC-induced cell death, and we show that JNK signaling to the apoptosis regulator BIM and Caspase executioners of cell death are downstream of VDR and BRAF. A clear understanding of the molecular basis for the increased efficacy of AraC in the therapy of AML is expected to bring this regimen to a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Wang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - William K Beute
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jonathan S Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - George P Studzinski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Yi Y, Huang C, Zhang Y, Tian S, Lei J, Chen S, Shi G, Wu Z, Xia N, Zhong S. Exploring a common mechanism of alcohol-induced deregulation of RNA Pol III genes in liver and breast cells. Gene 2017; 626:309-318. [PMID: 28552569 PMCID: PMC5521807 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol intake is associated with numbers of different human cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. RNA polymerase III-dependent genes (Pol III genes) deregulation elevates cellular production of tRNAs and 5S rRNA, resulting in an increase in translational capacity, which promote cell transformation and tumor formation. To explore a common mechanism of alcohol-associated human cancers, we have comparably analyzed that alcohol causes deregulation of Pol III genes in liver and breast cells. Our results reveal that alcohol enhances RNA Pol III gene transcription in both liver and breast cells. The induction of Pol III genes caused by alcohol in ER+ breast cancer lines or liver tumor lines are significantly higher than in their non-tumor cell lines. Alcohol increases cellular levels of Brf1 mRNA and protein, (which depeted) Brf1 is a key transcription factor and specifically regulate Pol III gene activity. Alcohol activates JNK1 to upregulate transcription of Brf1 and Pol III genes, whereas inhibition of JNK1 by SP600125 or its siRNA significantly decreases the induction of these genes. Furthermore, alcohol increases the rates of transformation of liver and breast cells, repressed JNK1 and Brf1 expression decrease transcription of Pol III genes and reduce the rates of colony formation of AML-12 and MCF-10 cells. Together, these studies support the idea that alcohol induces deregulation of Brf1 and RNA Pol III genes in liver and breast cells, which share a common signaling pathway to promote cell transformation. Through the common mechanism, alcohol-induced deregulation of RNA Pol III genes brings about greater phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiamen University Affiliated Southeast Hospital, China
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Suke Tian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiamen University Affiliated Southeast Hospital, China
| | - Junxia Lei
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiamen University Affiliated Southeast Hospital, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, China; Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Zimmermann G, Rieder U, Bajic D, Vanetti S, Chaikuad A, Knapp S, Scheuermann J, Mattarella M, Neri D. A Specific and Covalent JNK-1 Ligand Selected from an Encoded Self-Assembling Chemical Library. Chemistry 2017; 23:8152-8155. [PMID: 28485044 PMCID: PMC5557334 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe the construction of a DNA-encoded chemical library comprising 148 135 members, generated through the self-assembly of two sub-libraries, containing 265 and 559 members, respectively. The library was designed to contain building blocks potentially capable of forming covalent interactions with target proteins. Selections performed with JNK1, a kinase containing a conserved cysteine residue close to the ATP binding site, revealed the preferential enrichment of a 2-phenoxynicotinic acid moiety (building block A82) and a 4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid moiety (building block B272). When the two compounds were joined by a short PEG linker, the resulting bidentate binder (A82-L-B272) was able to covalently modify JNK1 in the presence of a large molar excess of glutathione (0.5 mm), used to simulate intracellular reducing conditions. By contrast, derivatives of the individual building blocks were not able to covalently modify JNK1 in the same experimental conditions. The A82-L-B272 ligand was selective over related kinases (BTK and GAK), which also contain targetable cysteine residues in the vicinity of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Zimmermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Ulrike Rieder
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen (Switzerland)
| | - Davor Bajic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Sara Vanetti
- Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen (Switzerland)
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt (Germany)
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt (Germany)
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | | | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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Zhang Z, Guo M, Zhao S, Shao J, Zheng S. ROS-JNK1/2-dependent activation of autophagy is required for the induction of anti-inflammatory effect of dihydroartemisinin in liver fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:272-283. [PMID: 27989749 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence identifies autophagy as an inflammation-related defensive mechanism against diseases including liver fibrosis. Therefore, autophagy may represent a new pharmacologic target for drug development to treat liver fibrosis. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on autophagy, and to further examine the molecular mechanisms of DHA-induced anti-inflammatory effects. We found that DHA appeared to play an essential role in controlling excessive inflammation. DHA suppressed inflammation in rat liver fibrosis model and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Interestingly, DHA increased the autophagosome generation and autophagic flux in activated HSCs, which is underlying mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of DHA. Autophagy depletion impaired the induction of anti-inflammatory effect of DHA, while autophagy induction showed a synergistic effect with DHA. Importantly, our study also identified a crucial role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the facilitation of DHA-induced autophagy. Antioxidants, such as glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine, significantly abrogated ROS production, and in turn, prevented DHA-induced autophagosome generation and autophagic flux. Besides, we found that c-Jun N-terminal kinase1/2 (JNK1/2) was a downstream signaling molecule of ROS that mediated the induction of autophagy by DHA. Down-regulation of JNK1/2 activity, using selective JNK1/2 inhibitor (SP600125) or siJNK1/2, led to an inhibition of DHA-induced autophagy. Overall, these results provide novel implications to reveal the molecular mechanism of DHA-induced anti-inflammatory effects, by which points to the possibility of using DHA based proautophagic drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
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30
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Bi X, Shi Q, Zhang H, Bao Y, Hu D, Pohl N, Fang W, Dong H, Xia X, Fan D, Yang W. c-Jun NH2-teminal kinase 1 interacts with vitamin D receptor and affects vitamin D-mediated inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 163:164-72. [PMID: 27174721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is a chemopreventive agent that acts against colorectal carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro through vitamin D receptor (VDR). Previous studies showed that stress-activated protein kinase JNKs (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases) and p38 cooperated to activate VDR and increase vitamin D3-dependent growth inhibition in breast cancer cells. This study is to determine whether vitamin D-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation is associated with JNK1 in colorectal cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Human colon cancer cells were treated with calcitriol, an active vitamin D3. The results showed that calcitriol significantly inhibited cell proliferation and caused cell cycle arrest in HT29 cells, which was associated with induction of phosphorylated JNK1 (p-JNK). The induction of VDR and p-JNK by calcitriol was also observed in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, VDR expression was significantly downregulated in JNK1-/- mouse intestinal epithelial cells, and VDR reporter activity was reduced in JNK1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). However, increasing activated JNK1 upregulated VDR expression and transcriptional activity in vitro. Moreover, JNK1 co-localized with VDR in nuclei and cytoplasm and physically bound together. Reduced expression of JNK1 and VDR in HT29 and Caco-2 cells and JNK1 absence in JNK1-/- MEFs attenuated calcitriol-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. CONCLUSION JNK1 physically and functionally interacted with VDR and positively regulated VDR expression at transcriptional and translational levels, which influenced calcitriol-mediated inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Bi
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yonghua Bao
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Dong Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nicole Pohl
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Huali Dong
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xichun Xia
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, China
| | - Wancai Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Department of Pathology and Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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31
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Foo JB, Saiful Yazan L, Tor YS, Wibowo A, Ismail N, Armania N, Cheah YK, Abdullah R. Dillenia suffruticosa dichloromethane root extract induced apoptosis towards MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 187:195-204. [PMID: 27131434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dillenia suffruticosa is traditionally used for treatment of cancerous growth including breast cancer in Malaysia. AIM OF THE STUDY Dillenia suffruticosa is a well-known medicinal plant in Malaysia for the treatment of cancer. Nevertheless, no study has been reported the cytotoxicity of this plant towards MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. The present study was designed to investigate the mode of cell death and signalling pathways of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with dichloromethane Dillenia suffruticosa root extract (DCM-DS). METHODS Extraction of Dillenia suffruticosa root was performed by the use of sequential solvent procedure. The cytotoxicity of DCM-DS was determined by using MTT assay. The mode of cell death was evaluated by using an inverted light microscope and flow cytometry analysis using Annexin-V/PI. Cell cycle analysis and measurement of reactive oxygen species level were performed by using flow cytometry. The cells were treated with DCM-DS and antioxidants α-tocopherol or ascorbic acid to evaluate the involvement of ROS in the cytotoxicity of DCM-DS. Effect of DCM-DS on the expression of antioxidant, apoptotic, growth, survival genes and proteins were analysed by using GeXP-based multiplex system and Western blot, respectively. The cytotoxicity of compounds isolated from DCM-DS was evaluated towards MDA-MB-231 cells using MTT assay. RESULTS DCM-DS induced apoptosis, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress in MDA-MB-231 cells. The induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by DCM-DS is possibly due to the activation of pro-apoptotic JNK1 and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic ERK1, which in turn down-regulates anti-apoptotic BCL-2 to increase the BAX/BCL-2 ratio to initiate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The cell cycle arrest in DCM-DS-treated MDA-MB-231 cells is possibly via p53-independent but p21-dependent pathway. A total of 3 triterpene compounds were isolated from DCM-DS. Betulinic acid appears to be the most major and most cytotoxic compound in DCM-DS. CONCLUSION The data suggest the potential application of DCM-DS in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhi Biau Foo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Latifah Saiful Yazan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yin Sim Tor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Agustono Wibowo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norsharina Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurdin Armania
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Leach PT, Kenney JW, Gould TJ. c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 1 is necessary for nicotine-induced enhancement of contextual fear conditioning. Neurosci Lett 2016; 627:61-4. [PMID: 27235579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute nicotine enhances hippocampus-dependent learning. Identifying how acute nicotine improves learning will aid in understanding how nicotine facilitates the development of maladaptive memories that contribute to drug-seeking behaviors, help development of medications to treat disorders associated with cognitive decline, and advance understanding of the neurobiology of learning and memory. The effects of nicotine on learning may involve recruitment of signaling through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase family (JNK 1-3). Learning in the presence of acute nicotine increases the transcription of mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8, also known as JNK1), likely through a CREB-dependent mechanism. The functional significance of JNK1 in the effects of acute nicotine on learning, however, is unknown. The current studies undertook a backward genetic approach to determine the functional contribution JNK1 protein makes to nicotine-enhanced contextual fear conditioning. JNK1 wildtype (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were administered acute nicotine prior to contextual and cued fear conditioning. 24h later, mice were evaluated for hippocampus-dependent (contextual fear conditioning) and hippocampus-independent (cued fear conditioning) memory. Nicotine selectively enhanced contextual conditioning in WT mice, but not in KO mice. Nicotine had no effect on hippocampus-independent learning in either genotype. JNK1 KO and WT mice given saline showed similar levels of learning. These data suggest that JNK1 may be recruited by nicotine and is functionally necessary for the acute effects of nicotine on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescott T Leach
- Temple University Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Justin W Kenney
- Temple University Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Temple University Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Lim NR, Yeap YYC, Zhao TT, Yip YY, Wong SC, Xu D, Ang CS, Williamson NA, Xu Z, Bogoyevitch MA, Ng DCH. Opposing roles for JNK and Aurora A in regulating the association of WDR62 with spindle microtubules. J Cell Sci 2016; 128:527-40. [PMID: 25501809 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.157537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WD40-repeat protein 62 (WDR62) is a spindle pole protein required for normal cell division and neuroprogenitor differentiation during brain development. Microcephaly-associated mutations in WDR62 lead to mitotic mislocalization, highlighting a crucial requirement for precise WDR62 spatiotemporal distribution, although the regulatory mechanisms are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the WD40-repeat region of WDR62 is required for microtubule association, whereas the disordered C-terminal region regulates cell-cycle-dependent compartmentalization. In agreement with a functional requirement for the WDR62–JNK1 complex during neurogenesis, WDR62 specifically recruits JNK1 (also known as MAPK8), but not JNK2 (also known as MAPK9), to the spindle pole. However, JNK-mediated phosphorylation of WDR62 T1053 negatively regulated microtubule association, and loss of JNK signaling resulted in constitutive WDR62 localization to microtubules irrespective of cell cycle stage. In contrast, we identified that Aurora A kinase (AURKA) and WDR62 were in complex and that AURKA-mediated phosphorylation was required for the spindle localization of WDR62 during mitosis. Our studies highlight complex regulation of WDR62 localization, with opposing roles for JNK and AURKA in determining its spindle association.
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Prause M, Mayer CM, Brorsson C, Frederiksen KS, Billestrup N, Størling J, Mandrup-Poulsen T. JNK1 Deficient Insulin-Producing Cells Are Protected against Interleukin-1β-Induced Apoptosis Associated with Abrogated Myc Expression. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1312705. [PMID: 26962537 PMCID: PMC4745310 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1312705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative contributions of the JNK subtypes in inflammatory β-cell failure and apoptosis are unclear. The JNK protein family consists of JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3 subtypes, encompassing many different isoforms. INS-1 cells express JNK1α1, JNK1α2, JNK1β1, JNK1β2, JNK2α1, JNK2α2, JNK3α1, and JNK3α2 mRNA isoform transcripts translating into 46 and 54 kDa isoform JNK proteins. Utilizing Lentiviral mediated expression of shRNAs against JNK1, JNK2, or JNK3 in insulin-producing INS-1 cells, we investigated the role of individual JNK subtypes in IL-1β-induced β-cell apoptosis. JNK1 knockdown prevented IL-1β-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis associated with decreased 46 kDa isoform JNK protein phosphorylation and attenuated Myc expression. Transient knockdown of Myc also prevented IL-1β-induced apoptosis as well as caspase 3 cleavage. JNK2 shRNA potentiated IL-1β-induced apoptosis and caspase 3 cleavage, whereas JNK3 shRNA did not affect IL-1β-induced β-cell death compared to nonsense shRNA expressing INS-1 cells. In conclusion, JNK1 mediates INS-1 cell death associated with increased Myc expression. These findings underline the importance of differentiated targeting of JNK subtypes in the development of inflammatory β-cell failure and destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Prause
- Immuno-Endocrinology Lab, Endocrinology Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Section of Cellular and Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- *Michala Prause:
| | | | - Caroline Brorsson
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Billestrup
- Section of Cellular and Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Joachim Størling
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Immuno-Endocrinology Lab, Endocrinology Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abedini A, Zamberlam G, Boerboom D, Price CA. Non-canonical WNT5A is a potential regulator of granulosa cell function in cattle. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 403:39-45. [PMID: 25600632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The WNT family has been implicated in follicular development in rodents, however, the role of WNTs in the follicle of monovulatory species is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the potential roles of WNTs in bovine granulosa cell function. Cells cultured in serum-free medium expressed mRNA encoding WNT2B, WNT5B and WNT5A. Levels of WNT5A, but not of WNT2B or WNT5B mRNA, were down-regulated by FSH. Addition of WNT5A to cultured cells suppressed FSH-stimulated estradiol and progesterone secretion, and levels of mRNA encoding the steroidogenic enzymes CYP19A1, CYP11A1 and the FSH receptor, but had no effect on cell proliferation or apoptosis. Immunoblot experiments showed that WNT5A reduced activation of CTNNB1 and stimulated phosphorylation of MAPK8 and JUN proteins. We conclude that WNT5A is a negative regulator of FSH-stimulated granulosa cell steroidogenesis, and that it acts by suppressing canonical WNT signaling activity and inducing the non-canonical MAPK8/JUN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Abedini
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Gustavo Zamberlam
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Christopher A Price
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada.
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Wang HT, Wang CQ. [27-O-(E)-p-coumaric acyl ursolic acid via JNK/SAPK signal pathway regulates apoptosis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:722-6. [PMID: 26137697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
27-O-(E)-p-coumaric acyl ursolic acid( DY-17) from Ilex latifolia is a compound of the monomer. To investigate the DY-17 inducing apoptosis in the human breast cancer cell line, the MDA-MB-231 cells were used as research object in this experiment. The proliferation activity of the MDA-MB-231 cells stimulated with the different concentrations of DY-17 (20, 40 µmol · L(-1)) was detected at different time( 12, 24, 36, 48, 60,72 h) . We surveyed the DY-17 inducing apoptosis of the MDA-MB-231 cells with the fluorescent staining technology. The rate of MDA-MB-231 cells apoptosis and necrosis was determined by flow cell cytometry (FCC). Moreover, expression of JNK, phosphorylated JNK, Bax, PARP shear and caspase-3 shear related to JNK/SAPK pathways were investigated in every group ( control group, EGF group, EGF + DY-17 40 µmol · L(1) group and EGF + SP600125 group) with Western blot. The MTT results showed that, in the presence of DY-17, the proliferation activity of MDA-MB-231 cells decreased in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The apoptosis and necrosis rates of MDA-MB-231 cells with DY-17(20, 40 µmol · L(-1)) groups was respectively 31.86%, 49.91% by flow cytometry and significantly increased compared with control group under Fluores- cence microscopy. Up-regulation of the JNK phosphorylation protein expression was observed in EGF group compared with control group. In addition, markedly decreased the expression of JNK phosphorylation protein were also surveyed in EGF + DY-17 40 µmol · L(-1) group compared with EGF group. The expression of Bax, shear PARP and shear caspase-3 protein in EGF + DY-17 40 µmol · L(-1) group were significantly increased in comparison with EGF group. The results showed DY-17 induced apoptosis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line related to down-regulating JNK/SAPK signal pathways.
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Leach PT, Kenney JW, Gould TJ. Stronger learning recruits additional cell-signaling cascades: c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) is necessary for expression of stronger contextual fear conditioning. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 118:162-6. [PMID: 25543025 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased training often results in stronger memories but the neural changes responsible for these stronger memories are poorly understood. It is proposed here that higher levels of training that result in stronger memories recruit additional cell signaling cascades. This study specifically examined if c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) is involved in the formation of stronger fear conditioning memories. Wildtype (WT), JNK1 heterozygous (Het), and JNK1 knockout (KO) mice were fear conditioned with 1 trial, 2 trials, or 4 trials. All mice learned both contextual (hippocampus-dependent) and cued (hippocampus-independent) fear conditioning but for contextual fear conditioning only, the JNK1 KO mice did not show higher levels of learning with increased trials. That is, WT mice showed a significant linear increase in contextual fear conditioning as training trials increased from 1 to 2 to 4 trials whereas KO mice showed the same level of contextual fear conditioning as WT mice for 1 trial training but did not have increased levels of contextual fear conditioning with additional trials. These data suggest that JNK1 may not be critical for learning but when higher levels of hippocampus-dependent learning occur, JNK1 signaling is recruited and is necessary for stronger hippocampus-dependent memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescott T Leach
- Temple University Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Justin W Kenney
- Temple University Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Temple University Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are ubiquitous proteins that phosphorylate their substrates, such as transcription factors, in response to physical stress, cytokines or UV radiation. This leads to changes in gene expression, ensuing either cell cycle progression or apoptosis. Active phospho JNK1 is the main in vivo kinase component of the JNK cascade, whereas JNK2 is presumed not to participate as a kinase during JNK signalling. However, there is evidence that JNK isoforms interact functionally in vivo. Also, a recent chemical genetics investigation has confirmed that JNK transient activation leads to cellular proliferation, whereas a sustained one is pro-apoptotic. Here we investigate the phosphorylation pattern of JNK2, with protein biochemistry tools and tandem mass spectrometry. We choose to focus on JNK2 because of its reported constitutive activity in glioma cells. Our results indicate that purified JNK2 from transfected nonstressed 293T cells is a mixture of the mono-sites pThr183 and pTyr185 of its activation loop and of pThr386 along its unique C-terminal region. Upon UV stimulation, its phosphorylation stoichiometry is upregulated on the activation loop, generating a mixture of mono-pTyr185 and the expected dual-pThr183/pTyr185 species, with the pThr386 specie present but unaltered respect to the basal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Pimienta
- Inflammation and Infectious Diseases Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037 USA
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Zhao E, Amir M, Lin Y, Czaja MJ. Stathmin mediates hepatocyte resistance to death from oxidative stress by down regulating JNK. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109750. [PMID: 25285524 PMCID: PMC4186850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stathmin 1 performs a critical function in cell proliferation by regulating microtubule polymerization. This proliferative function is thought to explain the frequent overexpression of stathmin in human cancer and its correlation with a bad prognosis. Whether stathmin also functions in cell death pathways is unclear. Stathmin regulates microtubules in part by binding free tubulin, a process inhibited by stathmin phosphorylation from kinases including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The involvement of JNK activation both in stathmin phosphorylation, and in hepatocellular resistance to oxidative stress, led to an examination of the role of stathmin/JNK crosstalk in oxidant-induced hepatocyte death. Oxidative stress from menadione-generated superoxide induced JNK-dependent stathmin phosphorylation at Ser-16, Ser-25 and Ser-38 in hepatocytes. A stathmin knockdown sensitized hepatocytes to both apoptotic and necrotic cell death from menadione without altering levels of oxidant generation. The absence of stathmin during oxidative stress led to JNK overactivation that was the mechanism of cell death as a concomitant knockdown of JNK1 or JNK2 blocked death. Hepatocyte death from JNK overactivation was mediated by the effects of JNK on mitochondria. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization occurred in stathmin knockdown cells at low concentrations of menadione that triggered apoptosis, whereas mitochondrial β-oxidation and ATP homeostasis were compromised at higher, necrotic menadione concentrations. Stathmin therefore mediates hepatocyte resistance to death from oxidative stress by down regulating JNK and maintaining mitochondrial integrity. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism by which stathmin promotes cell survival and potentially tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enpeng Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Amir
- Department of Medicine and Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Medicine and Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Czaja
- Department of Medicine and Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chaikuad A, Tacconi E, Zimmer J, Liang Y, Gray NS, Tarsounas M, Knapp S. A unique inhibitor binding site in ERK1/2 is associated with slow binding kinetics. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:853-60. [PMID: 25195011 PMCID: PMC4687050 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the ERK pathway is a hallmark of cancer, and targeting of upstream signaling partners led to the development of approved drugs. Recently, SCH772984 has been shown to be a selective and potent ERK1/2 inhibitor. Here we report the structural mechanism for its remarkable selectivity. In ERK1/2, SCH772984 induces a so-far-unknown binding pocket that accommodates the piperazine-phenyl-pyrimidine decoration. This new binding pocket was created by an inactive conformation of the phosphate-binding loop and an outward tilt of helix αC. In contrast, structure determination of SCH772984 with the off-target haspin and JNK1 revealed two canonical but distinct type I binding modes. Notably, the new binding mode with ERK1/2 was associated with slow binding kinetics in vitro as well as in cell-based assay systems. The described binding mode of SCH772984 with ERK1/2 enables the design of a new type of specific kinase inhibitors with prolonged on-target activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Eliana Tacconi
- Telomere and Genome Stability Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Old Campus Road Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jutta Zimmer
- Telomere and Genome Stability Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Old Campus Road Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Yanke Liang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- Telomere and Genome Stability Group, The CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Old Campus Road Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Ross Hall, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Wang CM, Liu R, Wang L, Nascimento L, Brennan VC, Yang WH. SUMOylation of FOXM1B alters its transcriptional activity on regulation of MiR-200 family and JNK1 in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10233-51. [PMID: 24918286 PMCID: PMC4100150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Forkhead Box Protein M1 (FOXM1) is a well-known master regulator in controlling cell-cycle pathways essential for DNA replication and mitosis, as well as cell proliferation. Among the three major isoforms of FOXM1, FOXM1B is highly associated with tumor growth and metastasis. The activities of FOXM1B are modulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, but whether it is modified by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to determine whether FOXM1B is post-translationally modified by SUMO proteins and also to identify SUMOylation of FOXM1B on its target gene transcription activity. Here we report that FOXM1B is clearly defined as a SUMO target protein at the cellular levels. Moreover, a SUMOylation protease, SENP2, significantly decreased SUMOylation of FOXM1B. Notably, FOXM1B is selectively SUMOylated at lysine residue 463. While SUMOylation of FOXM1B is required for full repression of its target genes MiR-200b/c and p21, SUMOylation of FOXM1B is essential for full activation of JNK1 gene. Overall, we provide evidence that FOXM1B is post-translationally modified by SUMO and SUMOylation of FOXM1B plays a functional role in regulation of its target gene activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Min Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
| | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Department of Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Leticia Nascimento
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
| | - Victoria C Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
| | - Wei-Hsiung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
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Echevarría-Vargas IM, Valiyeva F, Vivas-Mejía PE. Upregulation of miR-21 in cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer via JNK-1/c-Jun pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97094. [PMID: 24865582 PMCID: PMC4035252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin has been the most accepted drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer for almost 40 years. Although the majority of patients with ovarian cancer respond to front-line platinum combination chemotherapy, many patients will develop cisplatin-resistance disease, which is extremely rapid and fatal. Although various mechanisms of cisplatin resistance have been postulated, the key molecules involved in such resistance have not been identified. MiRNAs are endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs, which are evolutionarily conserved and function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Dysregulation of miRNAs have been associated with cancer initiation, progression and drug resistance. The oncogenic miRNA-21, one of the best-studied miRNAs, is upregulated in almost all human cancers. However, the regulation of miR-21 in cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells has not been assessed. In this study, we measured the miR-21 expression by real-time PCR and found upregulation of miR-21 in cisplatin resistant compared with cisplatin sensitive ovarian cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated the association of the c-Jun transcription factor to the pri-mir-21 DNA promoter regions. Blocking the JNK-1, the major activator of c-Jun phosphorylation, reduced the expression of pre-mir-21 and increased the expression of its well-known target gene, PDCD4. Overexpression of miR-21 in cisplatin sensitive cells decreased PDCD4 levels and increased cell proliferation. Finally, targeting miR-21 reduced cell growth, proliferation and invasion of cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells. These results suggest that the JNK-1/c-Jun/miR-21 pathway contributes to the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells and demonstrated that miR-21 is a plausible target to overcome cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileabett M. Echevarría-Vargas
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Fatma Valiyeva
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Pablo E. Vivas-Mejía
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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de Vries EM, Kwakkel J, Eggels L, Kalsbeek A, Barrett P, Fliers E, Boelen A. NFκB signaling is essential for the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase of type 2 deiodinase in tanycytes. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2000-8. [PMID: 24635351 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme type 2 deiodinase (D2) is a major determinant of T₃ production in the central nervous system. It is highly expressed in tanycytes, a specialized cell type lining the wall of the third ventricle. During acute inflammation, the expression of D2 in tanycytes is up-regulated by a mechanism that is poorly understood at present, but we hypothesized that cJun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RelA) (the 65 kD subunit of NFκB) inflammatory signal transduction pathways are involved. In a mouse model for acute inflammation, we studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mRNA expression of D2, JNK1, and RelA in the periventricular area (PE) and the arcuate nucleus-median eminence of the hypothalamus. We next investigated LPS-induced D2 expression in primary tanycyte cell cultures. In the PE, the expression of D2 was increased by LPS. In the arcuate nucleus, but not in the PE, we found increased RelA mRNA expression. Likewise, LPS increased D2 and RelA mRNA expression in primary tanycyte cell cultures, whereas JNK1 mRNA expression did not change. Phosphorylation of RelA and JNK1 was increased in tanycyte cell cultures 15-60 minutes after LPS stimulation, confirming activation of these pathways. Finally, inhibition of RelA with the chemical inhibitors sulfasalazine and 4-Methyl-N¹-(3-phenylpropyl)benzene-1,2-diamine (JSH-23) in tanycyte cell cultures prevented the LPS-induced D2 increase. We conclude that NFκB signaling is essential for the up-regulation of D2 in tanycytes during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M de Vries
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (E.M.V., J.K., L.E., A.K., E.F., A.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Rowett Institute for Nutrition and Health (P.B.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, United Kingdom; and Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Prause M, Christensen DP, Billestrup N, Mandrup-Poulsen T. JNK1 protects against glucolipotoxicity-mediated beta-cell apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87067. [PMID: 24475223 PMCID: PMC3901710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is central to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Prolonged elevated levels of circulating free-fatty acids and hyperglycemia, also termed glucolipotoxicity, mediate β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis associated with increased c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) activity. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress are elicited by palmitate and high glucose concentrations further potentiating JNK activity. Our aim was to determine the role of the JNK subtypes JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 in palmitate and high glucose-induced β-cell apoptosis. We established insulin-producing INS1 cell lines stably expressing JNK subtype specific shRNAs to understand the differential roles of the individual JNK isoforms. JNK activity was increased after 3 h of palmitate and high glucose exposure associated with increased expression of ER and mitochondrial stress markers. JNK1 shRNA expressing INS1 cells showed increased apoptosis and cleaved caspase 9 and 3 compared to non-sense shRNA expressing control INS1 cells when exposed to palmitate and high glucose associated with increased CHOP expression, ROS formation and Puma mRNA expression. JNK2 shRNA expressing INS1 cells did not affect palmitate and high glucose induced apoptosis or ER stress markers, but increased Puma mRNA expression compared to non-sense shRNA expressing INS1 cells. Finally, JNK3 shRNA expressing INS1 cells did not induce apoptosis compared to non-sense shRNA expressing INS1 cells when exposed to palmitate and high glucose but showed increased caspase 9 and 3 cleavage associated with increased DP5 and Puma mRNA expression. These data suggest that JNK1 protects against palmitate and high glucose-induced β-cell apoptosis associated with reduced ER and mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Prause
- Endocrinology Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Dan Ploug Christensen
- Endocrinology Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Billestrup
- Section of Cellular and Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Endocrinology Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lu W, Liu L, Li H, Li G, Yu N, Wang DL, Wang W, Kang J. Effect of intermittent hypoxia on rat INS-1 cells and the protective effect of melatonin. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:941-948. [PMID: 24763871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to observe the influence of intermittent hypoxia on rat INS-1 cells and the protective effect of melatonin (MT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Intermittent hypoxia condition was induced in rat INS-1 cells. The supernatants were used to detect oxidative stress indicators, and the cells were used to detect JNK1 mRNA and JNK1/2 protein. After different dose-dependent interventions of MT, the cells were harvested to observe corresponding oxidative stress indicators and JNK1/2 protein change. RESULTS With prolonged exposure time, malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in cultured supernatants whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased. Cells with intermittent hypoxia showed significantly increased JNK1 mRNA expression, whereas phosphorylated JNK1 was highly expressed on the third day. With increased MT dose, MDA in cultured supernatants decreased whereas SOD activity increased. In the group dosed with 100 µM MT, phosphorylated JNK1 protein expression significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent hypoxia can cause oxidative damage to INS-1 cells possibly by increasing the JNK1 transcription level and protein activation. A high dose of MT (100 µM) can protect INS-1 cells from oxidative damage induced by intermittent hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Laviola L, Orlando MR, Incalza MA, Caccioppoli C, Melchiorre M, Leonardini A, Cignarelli A, Tortosa F, Labarbuta R, Martemucci S, Pacelli C, Cocco T, Perrini S, Natalicchio A, Giorgino F. TNFα signals via p66(Shc) to induce E-Selectin, promote leukocyte transmigration and enhance permeability in human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81930. [PMID: 24349153 PMCID: PMC3857848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells participate in inflammatory events leading to atherogenesis by regulating endothelial cell permeability via the expression of VE-Cadherin and β-catenin and leukocyte recruitment via the expression of E-Selectins and other adhesion molecules. The protein p66Shc acts as a sensor/inducer of oxidative stress and may promote vascular dysfunction. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of p66Shc in tumor necrosis factor TNFα-induced E-Selectin expression and function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Exposure of HUVEC to 50 ng/ml TNFα resulted in increased leukocyte transmigration through the endothelial monolayer and E-Selectin expression, in association with augmented phosphorylation of both p66Shc on Ser36 and the stress kinase c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-1/2, and higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Overexpression of p66Shc in HUVEC resulted in enhanced p66Shc phosphorylation on Ser36, increased ROS and E-Selectin levels, and amplified endothelial cell permeability and leukocyte transmigration through the HUVEC monolayer. Conversely, overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective p66Shc protein, in which Ser36 was replaced by Ala, did not augment ROS and E-Selectin levels, nor modify cell permeability or leukocyte transmigration beyond those found in wild-type cells. Moreover, siRNA-mediated silencing of p66Shc resulted in marked reduction of E-Selectin expression and leukocyte transmigration. In conclusion, p66Shc acts as a novel intermediate in the TNFα pathway mediating endothelial dysfunction, and its action requires JNK-dependent phosphorylation of p66Shc on Ser36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maura Roberta Orlando
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Incalza
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Caccioppoli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Melchiorre
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Leonardini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Tortosa
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Labarbuta
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabina Martemucci
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Chávez-Galán L, Ramon-Luing LA, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Pérez-Padilla R, Sada-Ovalle I. Pre-exposure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages to crystalline silica impairs control of bacterial growth by deregulating the balance between apoptosis and necrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80971. [PMID: 24278357 PMCID: PMC3838437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of crystalline silica (CS) particles increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis; however, the precise mechanism through which CS exposure facilitates Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is unclear. We speculate that macrophage exposure to CS deregulates the cell death pathways that could explain, at least in part, the association observed between exposure to CS and pulmonary tuberculosis. We therefore established an in vitro model in which macrophages were exposed to CS and then infected with Mtb. Expression of surface markers was analyzed by flow cytometry, JNK1/2, ASK1, caspase 9, P-p38, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 were analyzed by Western blot, and cytokines by ELISA. Our results show that exposure to CS limits macrophage ability to control Mtb growth. Moreover, this exposure reduced the expression of TLR2, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, but increased that of JNK1 and ASK1 molecules in the macrophages. Finally, when the pre-exposed macrophages were infected with Mtb, the concentrations of TNFα, IL-1β and caspase-9 expression increased. This pro-inflammatory profile of the macrophage unbalanced the apoptosis/necrosis pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that macrophages exposed to CS are sensitized to cell death by MAPK kinase-dependent signaling pathway. Secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β by Mtb-infected macrophages promotes necrosis, and this deregulation of cell death pathways may favor the release of viable bacilli, thus leading to the progression of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Chávez-Galán
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucero A. Ramon-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Torre-Bouscoulet
- Department of Respiratory Physiology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Pérez-Padilla
- Department of Respiratory Physiology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Sada-Ovalle
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Harte AL, Tripathi G, Piya MK, Barber TM, Clapham JC, Al-Daghri N, Al-Disi D, Kumsaiyai W, Saravanan P, Fowler AE, O'Hare JP, Kumar S, McTernan PG. NFκB as a potent regulator of inflammation in human adipose tissue, influenced by depot, adiposity, T2DM status, and TNFα. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:2322-30. [PMID: 23408599 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Central obesity and sub-clinical inflammation increase metabolic risk, this study examined the intracellular inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue (AT) that contribute to this risk. DESIGN AND METHODS This study therefore addressed the influence of NFκB and JNK activation in human abdominal subcutaneous (AbdSc) and omental (Om) AT, the effect of adiposity, T2DM status and the role of TNFα in vitro, using molecular biology techniques. RESULTS Our data showed NFκB activity is increased in Om AT versus AbdSc AT (P<0.01), which was reversed with respect to depot specific activation of JNK (P<0.01). However, T2DM status appeared to preferentially activate NFκB (P<0.001) over JNK. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed recombinant human (rh) TNFα treated AbdSc adipocytes increased NFκB activity over time (2-48 h, P<0.05) whilst JNK activity reduced (2 h, 4 h, P<0.05); inhibitor studies supported a preferential role for NFκB as a modulator of TNFα secretion. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest distinct changes in NFκB and JNK activation, dependent upon AT depot, adiposity and T2DM status, with in vitro use of rh TNFα leading to activation of NFκB. Consequently NFκB appears to play a central role in inflammatory mediated metabolic disease over JNK, highlighting NFκB as a potential key target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Harte
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Hsiao PC, Hsieh YH, Chow JM, Yang SF, Hsiao M, Hua KT, Lin CH, Chen HY, Chien MH. Hispolon induces apoptosis through JNK1/2-mediated activation of a caspase-8, -9, and -3-dependent pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and inhibits AML xenograft tumor growth in vivo. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:10063-73. [PMID: 24093560 DOI: 10.1021/jf402956m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hispolon is an active phenolic compound of Phellinus igniarius, a mushroom that was recently shown to have antioxidant and anticancer activities in various solid tumors. Here, the molecular mechanisms by which hispolon exerts anticancer effects in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells was investigated. The results showed that hispolon suppressed cell proliferation in the various AML cell lines. Furthermore, hispolon effectively induced apoptosis of HL-60 AML cells through caspases-8, -9, and -3 activations and PARP cleavage. Moreover, treatment of HL-60 cells with hispolon induced sustained activation of JNK1/2, and inhibition of JNK by JNK1/2 inhibitor or JNK1/2-specific siRNA significantly abolished the hispolon-induced activation of the caspase-8/-9/-3. In vivo, hispolon significantly reduced tumor growth in mice with HL-60 tumor xenografts. In hispolon-treated tumors, activation of caspase-3 and a decrease in Ki67-positive cells were observed. Our results indicated that hispolon may have the potential to serve as a therapeutic tool to treat AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Hsiao
- School of Medicine, ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, and §Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , No. 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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50
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Yang Y, Wang Z, Yang H, Wang L, Gillespie SR, Wolosin JM, Bernstein AM, Reinach PS. TRPV1 potentiates TGFβ-induction of corneal myofibroblast development through an oxidative stress-mediated p38-SMAD2 signaling loop. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77300. [PMID: 24098582 PMCID: PMC3788725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuring mouse corneas with alkali causes myofibroblast expression leading to tissue opacification. However, in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel (TRPV1-/-) knockout mice healing results in transparency restoration. Since TGFβ is the primary inducer of the myofibroblast phenotype, we examined the mechanism by which TRPV1 affects TGFβ-induced myofibroblast development. Experiments were performed in pig corneas and human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs). Immunohistochemical staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) stress fibers was used to visualize myofibroblasts. Protein and phosphoprotein were determined by Western blotting. siRNA transfection silenced TRPV1 gene expression. Flow cytometry with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) reporting dye analyzed intracellular ROS. [Ca2+]I was measured by loading HCF with fura2. In organ cultured corneas, the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine drastically reduced by 75% wound-induced myofibroblast development. In HCF cell culture, TGF-β1 elicited rapid increases in Ca2+ influx, phosphorylation of SMAD2 and MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38), ROS generation and, after 72 hrs myofibroblast development. SMAD2 and p38 activation continued for more than 16 h, whereas p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 waned within 90 min. The long-lived SMAD2 activation was dependent on activated p38 and vice versa, and it was essential to generate a > 13-fold increase in α-SMA protein and a fully developed myofibroblast phenotype. These later changes were markedly reduced by inhibition of TRPV1 or reduction of the ROS generation rate. Taken together our results indicate that in corneal derived fibroblasts, TGFβ- induced myofibroblast development is highly dependent on a positive feedback loop where p-SMAD2-induced ROS activates TRPV1, TRPV1 causes activation of p38, the latter in turn further enhances the activation of SMAD2 to establish a recurrent loop that greatly extends the residency of the activated state of SMAD2 that drives myofibroblast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanquan Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, State College of Optometry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, State College of Optometry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephanie R. Gillespie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Mario Wolosin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Audrey M. Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PSR); (AMB)
| | - Peter S. Reinach
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, State College of Optometry, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PSR); (AMB)
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