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Gu H, Yan W, Yang J, Liu B, Zhao X, Wang H, Xu W, Wang C, Chen Y, Dong Q, Zhu Q, Xu Y, Zou Y. Discovery of Highly Selective PARP7 Inhibitors with a Novel Scaffold for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1932-1948. [PMID: 38059836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PARP7 plays a crucial role in cancer immunity. The inhibition of PARP7 has shown potential in boosting the immune response against cancer, making it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we employed a rigid constraint strategy (reduction in molecular flexibility) to design and synthesize a series of novel indazole-7-carboxamide derivatives based on the structure of RBN-2397. Among these derivatives, (S)-XY-05 was identified as the most promising PARP7 inhibitor (IC50: 4.5 nM). Additionally, (S)-XY-05 showed enhanced selectivity toward PARP7 and improved pharmacokinetic properties (oral bioavailability: 94.60%) compared with RBN-2397 (oral bioavailability: 25.67%). In the CT26 syngeneic mouse model, monotherapy with (S)-XY-05 displayed a strong antitumor effect (TGI: 83%) by activating T-cell-mediated immunity within the tumor microenvironment. Collectively, we confirmed that (S)-XY-05 has profound effects on tumor immunity, which paves the way for future studies of PARP7 inhibitors that could be utilized in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jieping Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiuyi Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Mohammad SA, Mousa REA, Gebril SM, Masoud KMM, Radwan RA. Toxic effects of AB-CHMINACA on liver and kidney and detection of its blood level in adult male mice. Forensic Toxicol 2024; 42:7-17. [PMID: 37573525 PMCID: PMC10808145 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-023-00670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AB-CHMINACA is a cannabimimetic indazole derivative. In 2013, it was reported in different countries as a substance of abuse. PURPOSE This study evaluated the subacute toxic effects of AB-CHMINACA on the liver and kidneys and measured its blood level in adult male mice. METHODS The histological and biochemical subacute toxic effects on the liver and kidneys were assessed after four weeks of daily intraperitoneal injections of one of the following doses: 0.3 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg as the highest dose in adult male albino mice. In addition, the blood concentration level of AB-CHMINACA was determined by GC-MS-MS. RESULTS The histological effects showed congestion, hemorrhage, degeneration, and cellular infiltration of the liver and kidney tissues. Considering the control groups as a reference, biochemical results indicated a significant increase in the serum AST only in the highest dose group, while the ALT and creatinine levels did not significantly change. The mean values of AB-CHMINACA blood levels were 3.05 ± 1.16, 15.08 ± 4.30, and 54.43 ± 8.70 ng/mL for the three treated groups, respectively, one hour after the last dose of intraperitoneal injection. The calibration curves were linear in the 2.5-500 ng/mL concentration range. The intra-assay precision and accuracy of the method were less than 7.0% (RSD) and ± 9.2% (Bias). CONCLUSION This research supports the available case reports on AB-CHMINACA toxicity that it has low lethality; still, the chronic administration causes evident liver and kidney histotoxic effects even at low doses with unnoticeable clinical effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheir Ali Mohammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elhaddad Ali Mousa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | | | - Khaled Masoud Mohamed Masoud
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ahmad Radwan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Liu CM, Jia W, Song CH, Qian ZH, Hua ZD, Chen YM. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Five Indoles or Indazole Amide Synthetic Cannabinoids in Suspected E-Cigarette Oil by GC-MS. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 39:457-464. [PMID: 38006265 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.320101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the GC-MS qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for the synthetic cannabinoids, its main matrix and additives in suspicious electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) oil samples. METHODS The e-cigarette oil samples were analyzed by GC-MS after diluted with methanol. Synthetic cannabinoids, its main matrix and additives in e-cigarette oil samples were qualitatively analyzed by the characteristic fragment ions and retention time. The synthetic cannabinoids were quantitatively analyzed by using the selective ion monitoring mode. RESULTS The linear range of each compound in GC-MS quantitative method was 0.025-1 mg/mL, the matrix recovery rate was 94%-103%, the intra-day precision relative standard deviations (RSD) was less than 2.5%, and inter-day precision RSD was less than 4.0%. Five indoles or indazole amide synthetic cannabinoids were detected in 25 e-cigarette samples. The main matrixes of e-cigarette samples were propylene glycol and glycerol. Additives such as N,2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropyl butanamide (WS-23), glycerol triacetate and nicotine were detected in some samples. The content range of synthetic cannabinoids in 25 e-cigarette samples was 0.05%-2.74%. CONCLUSIONS The GC-MS method for synthesizing cannabinoid, matrix and additive in e-cigarette oil samples has good selectivity, high resolution, low detection limit, and can be used for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple components; The explored fragment ion fragmentation mechanism of the electron bombardment ion source of indole or indoxamide compounds helps to identify such substances or other compounds with similar structures in cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Hui Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Qian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue-Meng Chen
- Drug Control Detachment of Guiyang Public Security Bureau, Guiyang 550081, China
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Nikol’skiy VV, Minyaev ME, Bastrakov MA, Starosotnikov AM. Straightforward and Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Pyrazolo [4,3- b]pyridines and Indazoles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021758. [PMID: 36675281 PMCID: PMC9860909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of pyrazolo [4,3-b]pyridines has been developed on the basis of readily available 2-chloro-3-nitropyridines via a sequence of SNAr and modified Japp-Klingemann reactions. The method offers a number of advantages including utilization of stable arenediazonium tosylates, operational simplicity as well as combining the azo-coupling, deacylation and pyrazole ring annulation steps in a one-pot manner. An unusual rearrangement (C-N-migration of the acetyl group) was observed and a plausible mechanism was proposed based on the isolated intermediates and NMR experiments. In addition, the developed protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of 1-arylindazoles combining the Japp-Klingemann reaction and cyclization of the resulting hydrazone as a one-pot procedure.
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Ashwini N, Balaji KS, Sadashivaiah BL, Swaroop TR, Jayarama S, Mantelingu K, Rangappa KS. Novel Synthetic Indazoles Abrogate Angiogenesis in Erlich Ascites Tumor Bearing Mice. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:1924-1931. [PMID: 37469157 DOI: 10.2174/1871520623666230719153257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indazoles are known for their anti-cancer properties. OBJECTIVE The current investigation was on the synthesis and evaluation of novel indazole derivatives for their anticancer properties. METHODS A series of novel indazoles were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and LCMS. We performed cytotoxic studies for all synthesized compounds on different cell lines such as HeLa, MCF-7 and EAC using MTT assay. The lead compound was tested further for its anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effect on EAT tumor model. RESULTS Amongst the series of compounds synthesized, compound KA8 showed potent antiproliferative effect against Hela, MCF-7 and EAC cell lines with IC50 values 10.4 to 11.5 and 13.5 μM respectively. In addition, our compound KA8 significantly decreased the cell viability, body weight, ascites volume and it also showed superior survival ability of mice compared to control groups. Furthermore, it suppressed the formation of neovasculature in the peritoneum of EAT-bearing mice. CONCLUSION The findings reveal that the lead compound KA8 possesses potent anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic properties thereby promising it to be developed as a novel anticancer agent with further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Toreshettahally R Swaroop
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar Jayarama
- Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Tholahunase, Davangere, 577002, Karnataka, India
| | - Kempegowda Mantelingu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
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Levina A, Chetcuti ARM, Lay PA. Controversial Role of Transferrin in the Transport of Ruthenium Anticancer Drugs. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091319. [PMID: 36139158 PMCID: PMC9496346 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes are at the forefront of developments in metal-based anticancer drugs, but many questions remain open regarding their reactivity in biological media, including the role of transferrin (Tf) in their transport and cellular uptake. A well-known anticancer drug, KP1019 ((IndH)[RuIIICl4(Ind)2], where Ind = indazole) and a reference complex, [RuIII(nta)2]3- (nta = nitrilotriacetato(3-)) interacted differently with human apoTf, monoFeTf, or Fe2Tf. These reactions were studied by biolayer interferometry (BLI) measurements of Ru-Fe-Tf binding to recombinant human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) in conjunction with UV-vis spectroscopy and particle size analysis. Cellular Ru uptake in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells was measured under the conditions of the BLI assays. The mode of Tf binding and cellular Ru uptake were critically dependent on the nature of Ru complex, availability of Fe(III) binding sites of Tf, and the presence of proteins that competed for metal binding, particularly serum albumin. Cellular uptake of KP1019 was not Tf-mediated and occurred mostly by passive diffusion, which may also be suitable for treatments of inoperable cancers by intratumoral injections. High cellular Ru uptake from a combination of [RuIII(nta)2]3- and Fe2Tf in the absence of significant Ru-Tf binding was likely to be due to trapping of Ru(III) species into the endosome during TfR1-mediated endocytosis of Fe2Tf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (P.A.L.)
| | | | - Peter A. Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (P.A.L.)
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Uppulapu SK, Alam MJ, Kumar S, Banerjee SK. Indazole and its Derivatives in Cardiovascular Diseases: Overview, Current Scenario, and Future Perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1177-1188. [PMID: 34906057 PMCID: PMC10782885 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211214151534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds with a bicyclic ring structure composed of a pyrazole ring and a benzene ring. Indazole-containing compounds with various functional groups have important pharmacological activities and can be used as structural motifs in designing novel drug molecules. Some of the indazole-containing molecules are approved by FDA and are already in the market. However, very few drugs with indazole rings have been developed against cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize the structural and pharmacological functions of indazole derivatives which have shown efficacy against cardiovascular pathologies in experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Kumar Uppulapu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Md. Jahangir Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India
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Shutkov IA, Okulova YN, Tyurin VY, Sokolova EV, Babkov DA, Spasov AA, Gracheva YA, Schmidt C, Kirsanov KI, Shtil AA, Redkozubova OM, Shevtsova EF, Milaeva ER, Ott I, Nazarov AA. Ru(III) Complexes with Lonidamine-Modified Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413468. [PMID: 34948263 PMCID: PMC8707700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of bifunctional Ru(III) complexes with lonidamine-modified ligands (lonidamine is a selective inhibitor of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells) was described. Redox properties of Ru(III) complexes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. An easy reduction suggested a perspective for these agents as their whole mechanism of action seems to be based on activation by metal atom reduction. New compounds demonstrated a more pronounced antiproliferative potency than the parental drug; individual new agents were more cytotoxic than cisplatin. Stability studies showed an increase in the stability of complexes along with the linker length. A similar trend was noted for antiproliferative activity, cellular uptake, apoptosis induction, and thioredoxin reductase inhibition. Finally, at concentrations that did not alter water solubility, the selected new complex evoked no acute toxicity in Balb/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Shutkov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Yulia N. Okulova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Vladimir Yu. Tyurin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Elena V. Sokolova
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, 400087 Volgograd, Russia; (E.V.S.); (D.A.B.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Denis A. Babkov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, 400087 Volgograd, Russia; (E.V.S.); (D.A.B.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Alexander A. Spasov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, 400087 Volgograd, Russia; (E.V.S.); (D.A.B.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Yulia A. Gracheva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 55 Beethovenstrasse, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (K.I.K.); (A.A.S.)
- Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Shtil
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (K.I.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | | | - Elena F. Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severniy Proezd, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Elena R. Milaeva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 55 Beethovenstrasse, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Alexey A. Nazarov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu Z, Liu Q, Zhang B, Liu Q, Fang L, Gou S. Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable and NO-Releasing Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: Targeting NO/cGMP/CREB Signaling Pathways. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13853-13872. [PMID: 34517696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutic strategies for combating Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging but imperative. Multifunctional nanoparticles are promising tools for regulating complex pathological dysfunctions for AD treatment. Herein, we constructed multifunctional nanoparticles consisting of regadenoson (Reg), nitric oxide (NO) donor, and YC-1 in a single molecular entity that can spontaneously self-assemble into nanoparticles and load donepezil to yield Reg-nanoparticles (Reg-NPs). The Reg moiety enabled the Reg-NPs to effectively regulate tight junction-associated proteins in the blood-brain barrier, thus facilitating the permeation of donepezil through the barrier and its accumulation in the brain. Moreover, the released NO and YC-1 activated the NO/cGMP/CREB signaling pathway by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase and inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity, which finally reduced cytotoxicity induced by aggregated Aβ in the neurons and was beneficial for synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Wang P, Kankala RK, Chen B, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Li X, Long R, Yang D, Krastev R, Wang S, Xiong X, Liu Y. Cancer Cytomembrane-Cloaked Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Enhance the Efficacy of Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy by Disrupting Mitochondrial Functions of Cancer Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:37563-37577. [PMID: 34338525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite its success against cancer, photothermal therapy (PTT) (>50 °C) suffers from several limitations such as triggering inflammation and facilitating immune escape and metastasis and also damage to the surrounding normal cells. Mild-temperature PTT has been proposed to override these shortcomings. We developed a nanosystem using HepG2 cancer cell membrane-cloaked zinc glutamate-modified Prussian blue nanoparticles with triphenylphosphine-conjugated lonidamine (HmPGTL NPs). This innovative approach achieved an efficient mild-temperature PTT effect by downregulating the production of intracellular ATP. This disrupts a section of heat shock proteins that cushion cancer cells against heat. The physicochemical properties, anti-tumor efficacy, and mechanisms of HmPGTL NPs both in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Moreover, the nanoparticles cloaked with the HepG2 cell membrane substantially prolonged the circulation time in vivo. Overall, the designed nanocomposites enhance the efficacy of mild-temperature PTT by disrupting the production of ATP in cancer cells. Thus, we anticipate that the mild-temperature PTT nanosystem will certainly present its enormous potential in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Biomedicine, School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Biaoqi Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Long
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Dayun Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Rumen Krastev
- Faculty for Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr, 150, Reutlingen 72762, Germany
| | - Shibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xiong
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr, 55, Reutlingen 72770, Germany
| | - Yuangang Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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Geng J, Zhang Y, Gao Q, Neumann K, Dong H, Porter H, Potter M, Ren H, Argyle D, Bradley M. Switching on prodrugs using radiotherapy. Nat Chem 2021; 13:805-810. [PMID: 34112990 PMCID: PMC7611443 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a powerful tool in the armoury against cancer, but it is fraught with problems due to its global systemic toxicity. Here we report the proof of concept of a chemistry-based strategy, whereby gamma/X-ray irradiation mediates the activation of a cancer prodrug, thereby enabling simultaneous chemo-radiotherapy with radiotherapy locally activating a prodrug. In an initial demonstration, we show the activation of a fluorescent probe using this approach. Expanding on this, we show how sulfonyl azide- and phenyl azide-caged prodrugs of pazopanib and doxorubicin can be liberated using clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation. This strategy is different to conventional chemo-radiotherapy radiation, where chemo-sensitization of the cancer takes place so that subsequent radiotherapy is more effective. This approach could enable site-directed chemotherapy, rather than systemic chemotherapy, with 'real time' drug decaging at the tumour site. As such, it opens up a new era in targeted and directed chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Geng
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kevin Neumann
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hua Dong
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hamish Porter
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Potter
- Department of Surgery, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hua Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shen Zhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - David Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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12
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Yan C, Guo Z, Chi W, Fu W, Abedi SAA, Liu X, Tian H, Zhu WH. Fluorescence umpolung enables light-up sensing of N-acetyltransferases and nerve agents. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3869. [PMID: 34162875 PMCID: PMC8222306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) is a fundamental mechanism that enables the development of numerous fluorophores and probes for bioimaging and sensing. However, the electron-withdrawing targets (EWTs)-induced fluorescence quenching is a long-standing and unsolved issue in ICT fluorophores, and significantly limits the widespread applicability. Here we report a simple and generalizable structural-modification for completely overturning the intramolecular rotation driving energy, and thus fully reversing the ICT fluorophores' quenching mode into light-up mode. Specifically, the insertion of an indazole unit into ICT scaffold can fully amplify the intramolecular rotation in donor-indazole-π-acceptor fluorophores (fluorescence OFF), whereas efficiently suppressing the rotation in their EWT-substituted system (fluorescence ON). This molecular strategy is generalizable, yielding a palette of chromophores with fluorescence umpolung that spans visible and near-infrared range. This strategy expands the bio-analytical toolboxes and allows exploiting ICT fluorophores for light-up sensing of EWTs including N-acetyltransferases and nerve agents.
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Grants
- This work was supported by NSFC/China (21788102, 21636002, 21622602, and 21908060), National Key Research and Development Program (2017YFC0906902 and 2016YFA0200300), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (Grant 2018SHZDZX03), the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Scientific Committee of Shanghai (15XD1501400), Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B16017), the Shuguang Program (18SG27), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M651417), and A*STAR under its Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering Program (A2083c0051). The authors would like to acknowledge the use of the computing service of SUTD-MIT IDC and National Supercomputing Centre, Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Chi
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Fu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Syed Ali Abbas Abedi
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Hou S, Yang X, Yang Y, Tong Y, Chen Q, Wan B, Wei R, Lu T, Chen Y, Hu Q. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1H-indazole derivatives as novel ASK1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113482. [PMID: 33906048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1, MAP3K5), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, is involved in cell survival, differentiation, stress response, and apoptosis. ASK1 kinase inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory disease. A series of novel ASK1 inhibitors with 1H-indazole scaffold were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ASK1 kinase activity and AP1-HEK293 cell inhibitory effect. Systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) efforts led to the discovery of promising compound 15, which showed excellent in vitro ASK1 kinase activity and potent inhibitory effects on ASK1 in AP1-HEK293 cells. In a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced HT-29 intestinal epithelial cell model, compound 15 exhibited a significantly protective effect on cell viability comparable to that of GS-4997; moreover, compound 15 exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells at concentrations up to 25 μM. Mechanistic research demonstrated that compound 15 suppresses phosphorylation in the ASK1-p38/JNK signaling pathway in HT-29 cells, and regulates the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Altogether, these results show that compound 15 may serve as a potential candidate compound for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Hou
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuejing Yang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yu Tong
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Quanwei Chen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Boheng Wan
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ran Wei
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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14
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Ibáñez-Escribano A, Reviriego F, Vela N, Fonseca-Berzal C, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Arán VJ, Escario JA, Gómez-Barrio A. Promising hit compounds against resistant trichomoniasis: Synthesis and antiparasitic activity of 3-(ω-aminoalkoxy)-1-benzyl-5-nitroindazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 37:127843. [PMID: 33556576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 11 3-(ω-aminoalkoxy)-1-benzyl-5-nitroindazoles (2-12) has been prepared starting from 1-benzyl-5-nitroindazol-3-ol 13, and evaluated against sensitive and resistant isolates of the sexually transmitted protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Compounds 2, 3, 6, 9, 10 and 11 showed trichomonacidal profiles with IC50 < 20 µM against the metronidazole-sensitive isolate. Moreover, all these compounds submitted to cytotoxicity assays against mammalian cells exhibited low non-specific cytotoxic effects, except compounds 3 and 9 which displayed moderate cytotoxicity (CC50 = 74.7 and 59.1 µM, respectively). Those compounds with trichomonacidal effect were also evaluated against a metronidazole-resistant culture. Special mention deserve compounds 6 and 10, which displayed better IC50 values (1.3 and 0.5 µM respectively) than that of the reference drug (IC50 MTZ = 3.0 µM). The high activity of these compounds against the resistant isolate reinforces the absence of cross-resistance with the reference drug. The remarkable trichomonacidal results against resistant T. vaginalis isolates suggest the interest of 3-(ω-aminoalkoxy)-1-benzyl-5-nitroindazoles to be considered as good prototypes to continue in the development of new drugs with enhanced trichomonacidal activity, aiming to increase the non-existent drugs to face clinical resistance efficiently for those patients in whom therapy with 5-nitroimidazoles is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Felipe Reviriego
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Vela
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fonseca-Berzal
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Nogal-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente J Arán
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Escario
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gómez-Barrio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Å Nilsson JL, Mallet C, Shionoya K, Blomgren A, Sundin AP, Grundemar L, Boudieu L, Blomqvist A, Eschalier A, Nilsson UJ, Zygmunt PM. Paracetamol analogues conjugated by FAAH induce TRPV1-mediated antinociception without causing acute liver toxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113042. [PMID: 33257173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol, one of the most widely used pain-relieving drugs, is deacetylated to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) that undergoes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-dependent biotransformation into N-arachidonoylphenolamine (AM404), which mediates TRPV1-dependent antinociception in the brain of rodents. However, paracetamol is also converted to the liver-toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine already at therapeutic doses, urging for safer paracetamol analogues. Primary amine analogues with chemical structures similar to paracetamol were evaluated for their propensity to undergo FAAH-dependent N-arachidonoyl conjugation into TRPV1 activators both in vitro and in vivo in rodents. The antinociceptive and antipyretic activity of paracetamol and primary amine analogues was examined with regard to FAAH and TRPV1 as well as if these analogues produced acute liver toxicity. 5-Amino-2-methoxyphenol (2) and 5-aminoindazole (3) displayed efficient target protein interactions with a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the mice formalin test, which in the second phase was dependent on FAAH and TRPV1. No hepatotoxicity of the FAAH substrates transformed into TRPV1 activators was observed. While paracetamol attenuates pyrexia via inhibition of brain cyclooxygenase, its antinociceptive FAAH substrate 4-AP was not antipyretic, suggesting separate mechanisms for the antipyretic and antinociceptive effect of paracetamol. Furthermore, compound 3 reduced fever without a brain cyclooxygenase inhibitory action. The data support our view that analgesics and antipyretics without liver toxicity can be derived from paracetamol. Thus, research into the molecular actions of paracetamol could pave the way for the discovery of analgesics and antipyretics with a better benefit-to-risk ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan L Å Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christophe Mallet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; ANALGESIA Institute, Faculty of Medicine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kiseko Shionoya
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomgren
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders P Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Grundemar
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ludivine Boudieu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; ANALGESIA Institute, Faculty of Medicine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anders Blomqvist
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alain Eschalier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, NEURO-DOL Basics & Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; ANALGESIA Institute, Faculty of Medicine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter M Zygmunt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden.
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16
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Lee JC, Hong KH, Becker A, Tash JS, Schönbrunn E, Georg GI. Tetrahydroindazole inhibitors of CDK2/cyclin complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113232. [PMID: 33550184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over 50 tetrahydroindazoles were synthesized after 7-bromo-3,6,6-trimethyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-indazol-4(3aH)-one (3) was identified as a hit compound in a high throughput screen for inhibition of CDK2 in complex with cyclin A. The activity of the most promising analogues was evaluated by inhibition of CDK2 enzyme complexes with various cyclins. Analogues 53 and 59 showed 3-fold better binding affinity for CDK2 and 2- to 10-fold improved inhibitory activity against CDK2/cyclin A1, E, and O compared to screening hit 3. The data from the enzyme and binding assays indicate that the binding of the analogues to a CDK2/cyclin complex is favored over binding to free CDK2. Computational analysis was used to predict a potential binding site at the CDK2/cyclin E1 interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kwon Ho Hong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joseph S Tash
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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17
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García-Valdivia AA, Jannus F, García-García A, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Fernández B, Medina-O'donnell M, Lupiáñez JA, Cepeda J, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Rodríguez-Diéguez A. Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of a new family of coordination compounds based on divalent transition metal ions and indazole-3-carboxylic acid. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 215:111308. [PMID: 33257004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new family of mononuclear coordination compounds has been synthetized and characterized: [M(3-ind)2(H2O)2] (M = Co (1), Ni (2), Zn (3), Fe (4), Mn (5); 3-ind = indazole-3-carboxylate). These materials are mononuclear coordination compounds that possess strong hydrogen bond interactions. The anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds were assayed in lipopolysaccharide activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibition of NO production. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the complexes and the ligand in RAW 264.7 cells were determined for the first time. The most significant results were obtained for the compounds 4 and 5 reaching values of NO inhibition close to 80% at 48 h, and above to 90% at 72 h of treatment. The highest inhibitory effects on NO production were showed at the range 7-23 μg/mL for compounds 4 and 5. As a consequence, compounds 4 and 5 could be potential drugs due to the interesting anti-inflammatory properties showed. The anti-cancer potential of these compounds has been also tested against different tumor cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the ligand and of compounds 2 and 3 were assayed in three cell lines: HT29, colon cancer cells, Hep-G2, hepatoma cells and B16-F10 melanoma cells. The best results have been achieved with compound 2 in HepG2 and B16-F10 cell lines, being between 1.5 and 2 times more effective that the ligand in HepG2 cells, and B16-F10 cells. All in all, indazole-3-carboxylic acid is a promising ligand for the formation of coordination compounds with biochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio A García-Valdivia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fatin Jannus
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Amalia García-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Duane Choquesillo-Lazarte
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT (CSIC-UGR), Avda. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Belén Fernández
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", CSIC, Av. Conocimiento s/n, 18600 Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Medina-O'donnell
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José A Lupiáñez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Cepeda
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal, n° 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando J Reyes-Zurita
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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18
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Pinson AO, Pouncey DL, Schleiff MA, Fantegrossi WE, Prather PL, Radominska-Pandya A, Boysen G, Miller GP. Significance of Competing Metabolic Pathways for 5F-APINACA Based on Quantitative Kinetics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204820. [PMID: 33092129 PMCID: PMC7587938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, nearly one-third of new drugs on the global market were synthetic cannabinoids including the drug of abuse N-(1-adamantyl)-1-(5-pentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (5F-APINACA, 5F-AKB48). Knowledge of 5F-APINACA metabolism provides a critical mechanistic basis to interpret and predict abuser outcomes. Prior qualitative studies identified which metabolic processes occur but not the order and extent of them and often relied on problematic “semi-quantitative” mass spectroscopic (MS) approaches. We capitalized on 5F-APINACA absorbance for quantitation while leveraging MS to characterize metabolite structures for measuring 5F-APINACA steady-state kinetics. We demonstrated the reliability of absorbance and not MS for inferring metabolite levels. Human liver microsomal reactions yielded eight metabolites by MS but only five by absorbance. Subsequent kinetic studies on primary and secondary metabolites revealed highly efficient mono- and dihydroxylation of the adamantyl group and much less efficient oxidative defluorination at the N-pentyl terminus. Based on regiospecificity and kinetics, we constructed pathways for competing and intersecting steps in 5F-APINACA metabolism. Overall efficiency for adamantyl oxidation was 17-fold higher than that for oxidative defluorination, showing significant bias in metabolic flux and subsequent metabolite profile compositions. Lastly, our analytical approach provides a powerful new strategy to more accurately assess metabolic kinetics for other understudied synthetic cannabinoids possessing the indazole chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O. Pinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harding University, Searcy, AR 72149, USA;
| | - Dakota L. Pouncey
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Mary A. Schleiff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.A.S.); (A.R.-P.)
| | - William E. Fantegrossi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (W.E.F.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Paul L. Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (W.E.F.); (P.L.P.)
| | - Anna Radominska-Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.A.S.); (A.R.-P.)
| | - Gunnar Boysen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Grover P. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.A.S.); (A.R.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Gambouz K, El Abbouchi A, Nassiri S, Suzenet F, Bousmina M, Akssira M, Guillaumet G, El Kazzouli S. "On Water" Palladium Catalyzed Direct Arylation of 1 H-Indazole and 1 H-7-Azaindazole. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122820. [PMID: 32570894 PMCID: PMC7356112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The C3 direct arylation of 1H-indazole and 1H-7-azaindazole has been a significant challenge due to the lack of the reactivity at this position. In this paper, we describe a mild and an efficient synthesis of new series of C3-aryled 1H-indazoles and C3-aryled 1H-7-azaindazoles via a C3 direct arylation using water as solvent. On water, PPh3 was effective as a ligand along with a lower charge of the catalyst Pd(OAc)2 (5 mol%) at 100 °C, leading to C3-aryled 1H-indazoles or C3-aryled 1H-7-azaindazoles in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Gambouz
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Mohammedia, University Hassan 2, URAC 22 FSTM University Hassan II—Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco; (K.G.); (M.A.)
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 54067 Orléans, France; (A.E.A.); (S.N.); (F.S.)
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
| | - Abdelmoula El Abbouchi
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 54067 Orléans, France; (A.E.A.); (S.N.); (F.S.)
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
| | - Sarah Nassiri
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 54067 Orléans, France; (A.E.A.); (S.N.); (F.S.)
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 54067 Orléans, France; (A.E.A.); (S.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Mostapha Bousmina
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Mohammedia, University Hassan 2, URAC 22 FSTM University Hassan II—Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco; (K.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 54067 Orléans, France; (A.E.A.); (S.N.); (F.S.)
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (S.E.K.); Tel.: +212-6612-99-565 (S.E.K.)
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Institute of Technology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknès, Rond-point de Bensouda, Fes 30000, Morocco;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (S.E.K.); Tel.: +212-6612-99-565 (S.E.K.)
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20
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Chaves S, Resta S, Rinaldo F, Costa M, Josselin R, Gwizdala K, Piemontese L, Capriati V, Pereira-Santos AR, Cardoso SM, Santos MA. Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of Hydroxybenzimidazole-Donepezil Analogues as Multitarget-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:E985. [PMID: 32098407 PMCID: PMC7070709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), obtained by attachment of a hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole (BIM) unit to donepezil (DNP) active mimetic moiety (benzyl-piperidine/-piperazine) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) drugs in terms of biological activity (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation), metal chelation, and neuroprotection capacity. Among the DNP-BIM hybrids studied herein, the structural isomerization did not significantly improve the biological properties, while some substitutions, namely fluorine atom in each moiety or the methoxy group in the benzyl ring, evidenced higher cholinergic AChE activity. All the compounds are able to chelate Cu and Zn metal ions through their bidentate BIM moieties, but compound 5, containing a three-dentate chelating unit, is the strongest Cu(II) chelator. Concerning the viability on neuroblastoma cells, compounds 9 and 10 displayed the highest reduction of Aβ-induced cell toxicity. In silico calculations of some pharmacokinetic descriptors indicate that all the compounds but the nitro derivatives have good potential oral-bioavailability. Overall, it can be concluded that most of the studied DNP-BIM conjugates showed quite good anti-AD properties, therefore deserving to be considered in further studies with the aim of understanding and treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Chaves
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Simonetta Resta
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
- Dipartimento di Farmacia–Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Federica Rinaldo
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
- Dipartimento di Farmacia–Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Marina Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Romane Josselin
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Karolina Gwizdala
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia–Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia–Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (L.P.); (V.C.)
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - A. Raquel Pereira-Santos
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.P.-S.); (S.M.C.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra M. Cardoso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.R.P.-S.); (S.M.C.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Amélia Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.C.); (S.R.); (F.R.); (M.C.); (R.J.); (K.G.)
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Antolin AA, Ameratunga M, Banerji U, Clarke PA, Workman P, Al-Lazikani B. The kinase polypharmacology landscape of clinical PARP inhibitors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2585. [PMID: 32066817 PMCID: PMC7026418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacology plays an important role in defining response and adverse effects of drugs. For some mechanisms, experimentally mapping polypharmacology is commonplace, although this is typically done within the same protein class. Four PARP inhibitors have been approved by the FDA as cancer therapeutics, yet a precise mechanistic rationale to guide clinicians on which to choose for a particular patient is lacking. The four drugs have largely similar PARP family inhibition profiles, but several differences at the molecular and clinical level have been reported that remain poorly understood. Here, we report the first comprehensive characterization of the off-target kinase landscape of four FDA-approved PARP drugs. We demonstrate that all four PARP inhibitors have a unique polypharmacological profile across the kinome. Niraparib and rucaparib inhibit DYRK1s, CDK16 and PIM3 at clinically achievable, submicromolar concentrations. These kinases represent the most potently inhibited off-targets of PARP inhibitors identified to date and should be investigated further to clarify their potential implications for efficacy and safety in the clinic. Moreover, broad kinome profiling is recommended for the development of PARP inhibitors as PARP-kinase polypharmacology could potentially be exploited to modulate efficacy and side-effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A Antolin
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Malaka Ameratunga
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
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Cooman T, Bell S. In vitro metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoids PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3 by high-resolution mass spectrometry and their clearance rates in human liver microsomes. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019; 33:1816-1825. [PMID: 31364227 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE N-(1-Amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamine (PX-1), N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (PX-2), and N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (PX-3) are scheduled synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). Due to the lack of metabolism data and the extensive metabolism of SCs, consumption of these illicit substances is challenging to prove. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3 and propose marker metabolites to confirm their use. METHODS PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3 were incubated in pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) to evaluate the phase I metabolites which were identified using a Q-Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Metabolic stability studies were also performed to investigate the half-life and clearance rates using an Agilent 6470A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. RESULTS The calculated half-lives were 15.1 ± 1.02, 3.4 ± 0.27, and 5.2 ± 0.89 min for PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3, respectively, in HLM. The calculated intrinsic clearance values were 0.046, 0.202, and 0.133 mL/min/mg for PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3, respectively. Four metabolites of PX-1, six metabolites of PX-2, and five phase I metabolites of PX-3 were detected. Oxidative deamination was the common biotransformation between the three compounds and there were no common metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic profiles of PX-1, PX-2, and PX-3 provide valuable information for the detection of their metabolites in forensic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travon Cooman
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, West Virginia University, WV, USA
| | - Suzanne Bell
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Sciences, West Virginia University, WV, USA
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Alım Z, Kılıç D, Demir Y. Some indazoles reduced the activity of human serum paraoxonase 1, an antioxidant enzyme: in vitro inhibition and molecular modeling studies. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:387-395. [PMID: 29741961 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1470646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1: EC 3.1.8.1) is a vital antioxidant enzyme against mainly atherosclerosis and many other diseases associated with oxidative stress. Thus, studies related to PON1 have an important place in the pharmacology. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro inhibition effects of some indazoles on the activity of human PON1. Methods: PON1 was purified from human serum with a specific activity of 5000 U/mg and 13.50% yield by using simple chromatographic methods. Results: The indazoles showed Ki values in a range of 26.0 ± 3.00-111 ± 31.0 μM against hPON1. All these indazoles exhibited competitive inhibition. In addition, molecular docking studies were performed in order to assess the probable binding mechanisms into the active site of hPON1. Molecular modeling studies confirmed our results. Conclusions: Inhibition of PON1 by indazoles supplies a verification to further consideration of limitation dosage of indazole molecule groups as drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Alım
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Ahi Evran University , Kırşehir , Turkey
| | - Deryanur Kılıç
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Aksaray University , Aksaray , Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
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24
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Cuartas V, Crespo MDP, Priego EM, Persoons L, Daelemans D, Camarasa MJ, Insuasty B, Pérez-Pérez MJ. Design and Synthesis of New 6-Nitro and 6-Amino-3,3a,4,5-Tetrahydro-2 H-Benzo[ g]indazole Derivatives: Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234236. [PMID: 31766444 PMCID: PMC6930490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New substituted benzo[g]indazoles functionalized with a 6-nitro and 6-amino groups have been synthesized by the reaction of benzylidene tetralones with hydrazine in acetic acid. The resulting conformationally-constrained compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against selected cancer cell lines. The nitro-based indazoles 11a, 11b, 12a and 12b have shown IC50 values between 5–15 μM against the lung carcinoma cell line NCI-H460. Moreover, the nitro compounds were tested for antibacterial activity where compounds 12a and 13b have shown MIC values of 250 and 62.5 μg/mL against N. gonorrhoeae with no hemolytic activity in human red blood cells (RBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Cuartas
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. Cali 25360, Colombia;
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Edificio E20, No. 1069, Cali 760032, Colombia
| | - María del Pilar Crespo
- Grupo de Biotecnología e Infecciones Bacterianas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia;
| | - Eva-María Priego
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM, CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.-M.P.); (M.-J.C.)
| | - Leentje Persoons
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.P.); (D.D.)
| | - María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM, CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.-M.P.); (M.-J.C.)
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, A. A. Cali 25360, Colombia;
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Edificio E20, No. 1069, Cali 760032, Colombia
- Correspondence: (M.-J.P.-P.); (B.I.); Tel.: +34-91-258-7516 (M.-J.P.-P.); +57-315-484-6665 (B.I.); Fax: +34-91-5644853 (M.-J.P.-P.); +57-2339-3248 (B.I.)
| | - María-Jesús Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM, CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.-M.P.); (M.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.-J.P.-P.); (B.I.); Tel.: +34-91-258-7516 (M.-J.P.-P.); +57-315-484-6665 (B.I.); Fax: +34-91-5644853 (M.-J.P.-P.); +57-2339-3248 (B.I.)
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Rafique R, Khan KM, Chigurupati S, Wadood A, Rehman AU, Karunanidhi A, Hameed S, Taha M, Al-Rashida M. Synthesis of new indazole based dual inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, their in vitro, in silico and kinetics studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103195. [PMID: 31451297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study describes the discovery of novel inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. For that purpose, new hybrid analogs of N-hydrazinecarbothioamide substituted indazoles 4-18 were synthesized and fully characterized by EI-MS, FAB-MS, HRFAB-MS, 1H-, and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. Stereochemistry of the imine double bond was established by NOESY measurements. All derivatives 4-18 with their intermediates 1-3, were evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme inhibition. It is worth mentioning that all synthetic compounds showed good inhibition potential in the range of 1.54 ± 0.02-4.89 ± 0.02 µM for α-glucosidase and for α-amylase 1.42 ± 0.04-4.5 ± 0.18 µM in comparison with the standard acarbose (IC50 value of 1.36 ± 0.01 µM). In silico studies were carried out to rationalize the mode of binding interaction of ligands with the active site of enzymes. Moreover, enzyme inhibitory kinetic characterization was also performed to understand the mechanism of enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaila Rafique
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Shankar Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Shankar Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Arunkumar Karunanidhi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shehryar Hameed
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
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Kraemer N, Li CJ, Zhu JS, Larach JM, Tsui KY, Tantillo DJ, Haddadin MJ, Kurth MJ. Davis-Beirut Reaction: A Photochemical Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Route to N-Aryl 2 H-Indazoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:6058-6062. [PMID: 31339318 PMCID: PMC6698363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Davis-Beirut reaction provides access to 2H-indazoles from aromatic nitro compounds. However, N-aryl targets have been traditionally challenging to access due to competitive alternate reaction pathways. Previously, the key nitroso imine intermediate was generated under alkaline conditions, but as reported here, the photochemistry of o-nitrobenzyl alcohols empowered Brønsted acid catalyzed conditions for accessing N-aryl targets. Anilines and alkyl amines give different outcomes under optimized conditions; the proposed mechanism was studied using quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Kraemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Clarabella J. Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jie S. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Julio M. Larach
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ka Yi Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | | | - Mark J. Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Pak AJ, Grime JMA, Yu A, Voth GA. Off-Pathway Assembly: A Broad-Spectrum Mechanism of Action for Drugs That Undermine Controlled HIV-1 Viral Capsid Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10214-10224. [PMID: 31244184 PMCID: PMC6739737 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The early and late stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication are orchestrated by the capsid (CA) protein, which self-assembles into a conical protein shell during viral maturation. Small molecule drugs known as capsid inhibitors (CIs) impede the highly regulated activity of CA. Intriguingly, a few CIs, such as PF-3450074 (PF74) and GS-CA1, exhibit effects at multiple stages of the viral lifecycle at effective concentrations in the pM to nM regimes, while the majority of CIs target a single stage of the viral lifecycle and are effective at nM to μM concentrations. In this work, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that enable CIs to have such curious broad-spectrum activity. Our quantitatively analyzed findings show that CIs can have a profound impact on the hierarchical self-assembly of CA by perturbing populations of small CA oligomers. The self-assembly process is accelerated by the emergence of alternative assembly pathways that favor the rapid incorporation of CA pentamers, and leads to increased structural pleomorphism in mature capsids. Two relevant phenotypes are observed: (1) eccentric capsid formation that may fail to encase the viral genome and (2) rapid disassembly of the capsid, which express at late and early stages of infection, respectively. Finally, our study emphasizes the importance of adopting a dynamical perspective on inhibitory mechanisms and provides a basis for the design of future therapeutics that are effective at low stoichiometric ratios of drug to protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Pak
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,
and James Franck Institute, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John M. A. Grime
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,
and James Franck Institute, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alvin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,
and James Franck Institute, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Gregory A. Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics,
and James Franck Institute, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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28
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Iyamu ID, Lv W, Malik N, Mishra RK, Schiltz GE. Development of Tetrahydroindazole-Based Potent and Selective Sigma-2 Receptor Ligands. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1248-1256. [PMID: 31071238 PMCID: PMC6613831 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-2 receptor has been shown to play important roles in a number of important diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) disorders and cancer. However, mechanisms by which sigma-2 contributes to these diseases remain unclear. The development of new sigma-2 ligands that can be used to probe the function of this protein and potentially as drug discovery leads is therefore of great importance. Herein we report the development of a series of tetrahydroindazole compounds that are highly potent and selective for sigma-2. Structure-activity relationship data were used to generate a pharmacophore model that summarizes the common features present in the potent ligands. Assays for solubility and microsomal stability showed that several members of this compound series possess promising characteristics for further development of useful chemical probes or drug discovery leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iredia D Iyamu
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Lv
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Neha Malik
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Rama K Mishra
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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29
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Vidyacharan S, Ramanjaneyulu BT, Jang S, Kim DP. Continuous-Flow Visible Light Organophotocatalysis for Direct Arylation of 2H-Indazoles: Fast Access to Drug Molecules. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:2581-2586. [PMID: 30985985 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-flow homogeneous photocatalytic method has been devised for the direct arylation of 2H-indazoles. This visible-light-promoted approach directly accesses a wide range of structurally diverse C3-arylated scaffolds of biological interest in a fast (1 min), single-step reaction by using eosin Y as an organophotocatalyst. Furthermore, a microreactor technology is also employed for the fast synthesis of liver X receptor inhibitor drugs with very good yields under metal-free conditions, whereas the reported methods required multiple steps and much longer reaction times (18-24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinde Vidyacharan
- Center of Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673, Pohang, Korea
| | - Bandaru T Ramanjaneyulu
- Center of Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673, Pohang, Korea
| | - Seungwook Jang
- Center of Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673, Pohang, Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Center of Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673, Pohang, Korea
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30
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Iyamu ID, Lv W, Malik N, Mishra RK, Schiltz GE. Discovery of a novel class of potent and selective tetrahydroindazole-based sigma-1 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1824-1835. [PMID: 30904383 PMCID: PMC6548570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors have been shown to play important roles in CNS diseases, cancer, and other disorders. These findings suggest that targeting these proteins with small-molecule modulators may be of important therapeutic value. Here we report the development of a new class of tetrahydroindazoles that are highly potent and selective ligands for sigma-1. Molecular modeling was used to rationalize the observed structure-activity relationships and identify key interactions responsible for increased potency of the optimized compounds. Assays for solubility and microsomal stability showed this series possesses favorable characteristics and is amenable to further therapeutic development. The compounds described herein will be useful in the development of new chemical probes for sigma-1 and to aid in future work therapeutically targeting this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iredia D Iyamu
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Wei Lv
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Neha Malik
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Rama K Mishra
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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31
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Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer, thrombosis, and inflammatory and immune diseases. The four highly homologous Class I isoforms, PI3K, PI3K, PI3K and PI3K have unique, non-redundant physiological roles and as such, isoform selectivity has been a key consideration driving inhibitor design and development. In this review, we discuss the structural biology of PI3Ks and how our growing knowledge of structure has influenced the medicinal chemistry of PI3K inhibitors. We present an analysis of the available structure-selectivity-activity relationship data to highlight key insights into how the various regions of the PI3K binding site influence isoform selectivity. The picture that emerges is one that is far from simple and emphasizes the complex nature of protein-inhibitor binding, involving protein flexibility, energetics, water networks and interactions with non-conserved residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Miller
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Departments of Medicine, Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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32
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Lallo A, Gulati S, Schenk MW, Khandelwal G, Berglund UW, Pateras IS, Chester CPE, Pham TM, Kalderen C, Frese KK, Gorgoulis VG, Miller C, Blackhall F, Helleday T, Dive C. Ex vivo culture of cells derived from circulating tumour cell xenograft to support small cell lung cancer research and experimental therapeutics. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:436-450. [PMID: 30427531 PMCID: PMC6329630 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with median survival of <2 years. Tumour biopsies for research are scarce, especially from extensive-stage patients, with repeat sampling at disease progression rarely performed. We overcame this limitation for relevant preclinical models by developing SCLC circulating tumour cell derived explants (CDX), which mimic the donor tumour pathology and chemotherapy response. To facilitate compound screening and identification of clinically relevant biomarkers, we developed short-term ex vivo cultures of CDX tumour cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CDX tumours were disaggregated, and the human tumour cells derived were cultured for a maximum of 5 weeks. Phenotypic, transcriptomic and pharmacological characterization of these cells was performed. KEY RESULTS CDX cultures maintained a neuroendocrine phenotype, and most changes in the expression of protein-coding genes observed in cultures, for up to 4 weeks, were reversible when the cells were re-implanted in vivo. Moreover, the CDX cultures exhibited a similar sensitivity to chemotherapy compared to the corresponding CDX tumour in vivo and were able to predict in vivo responses to therapeutic candidates. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Short-term cultures of CDX provide a tractable platform to screen new treatments, identify predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers and investigate mechanisms of resistance to better understand the progression of this recalcitrant tumour.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Indazoles/chemistry
- Indazoles/pharmacology
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/drug effects
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Sulfonamides/chemistry
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lallo
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester InstituteUniversity of ManchesterMacclesfieldUK
| | - Sakshi Gulati
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester InstituteUniversity of ManchesterMacclesfieldUK
| | - Maximilian W Schenk
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester InstituteUniversity of ManchesterMacclesfieldUK
| | - Garima Khandelwal
- RNA Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineUniversity of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Christopher P E Chester
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester InstituteUniversity of ManchesterMacclesfieldUK
| | - Therese M Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Christina Kalderen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Kristopher K Frese
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester InstituteUniversity of ManchesterMacclesfieldUK
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineUniversity of AthensAthensGreece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthensGreece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Crispin Miller
- RNA Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of Manchester and Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester InstituteUniversity of ManchesterMacclesfieldUK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of ExcellenceManchesterUK
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33
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Gan N, Sun Q, Tang P, Wu D, Xie T, Zhang Y, Li H. Determination of interactions between human serum albumin and niraparib through multi-spectroscopic and computational methods. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 206:126-134. [PMID: 30096696 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between 2-{4-[(3S)-piperidin-3-yl] phenyl}-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide (niraparib) and human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated through fluorescence and computational studies. Fluorescence experiments showed that the static quenching mechanism and the binding constant of the HSA-niraparib system at a single binding site was approximately 4 × 104 L mol-1. Thermodynamic constants indicated that the binding of niraparib to HSA was mainly driven by electrostatic interactions. Competition experiments and molecular docking simulations revealed that niraparib bound to site III of HSA. Synchronous fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results suggested that interactions between niraparib and HSA could affect the conformation and microenvironment of HSA. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements revealed that the α-helix contents of HSA negligibly increased after binding with niraparib. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the stability of the binary HSA-niraparib system and confirmed that electrostatic forces accounted for the dominant contribution to system energy between HSA and niraparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaomei Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Peixiao Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Tonghui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
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34
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Sharma SH, Pablo JL, Montesinos MS, Greka A, Hopkins CR. Design, synthesis and characterization of novel N-heterocyclic-1-benzyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-amines as selective TRPC5 inhibitors leading to the identification of the selective compound, AC1903. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:155-159. [PMID: 30538066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential cation channel 5 (TRPC5) has been previously shown to affect podocyte survival in the kidney. As such, inhibitors of TRPC5 are interesting candidates for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Herein, we report the synthesis and biological characterization of a series of N-heterocyclic-1-benzyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-amines as selective TRPC5 inhibitors. Work reported here evaluates the benzimidazole scaffold and substituents resulting in the discovery of AC1903, a TRPC5 inhibitor that is active in multiple animal models of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagat H Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Juan Lorenzo Pablo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Monica Suarez Montesinos
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
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35
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Casella G, Casarin M, Kukushkin VY, Kuznetsov ML. Reaction between Indazole and Pd-Bound Isocyanides-A Theoretical Mechanistic Study. Molecules 2018; 23:E2942. [PMID: 30423833 PMCID: PMC6278333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the addition of indazole (Ind)-a bifunctional aromatic N,NH-nucleophile-to cyclohexyl isocyanide coordinated to the palladium(II) center in the model complex cis-[PdCl₂(CNMe)(CNCy)] (1) to give the corresponding aminocarbene ligand was investigated in detail by theoretical (DFT) methods. The most plausible mechanism of this reaction is that of the associative type involving nucleophilic attack of Ind by its unprotonated N atom at the isocyanide carbon atom followed by the stepwise proton transfer from the nucleophile molecule to the isocyanide N atom via deprotonation/protonation steps. Two reaction channels based on two tautomeric forms of indazole were found. The channel leading to the experimentally isolated aminocarbene product is based on the less stable tautomeric form. Another channel based on the more stable tautomer of Ind is slightly kinetically more favorable but it is endergonic. Thus, the regioselectivity of this reaction is thermodynamically rather than kinetically driven. The bonding situation in key species was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Casella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (C.I.R.C.M.S.B.), Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- International Group on Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Maxim L Kuznetsov
- International Group on Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
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36
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Zhang SG, Liang CG, Zhang WH. Recent Advances in Indazole-Containing Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Perspectives. Molecules 2018; 23:E2783. [PMID: 30373212 PMCID: PMC6278422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Indazole-containing derivatives represent one of the most important heterocycles in drug molecules. Diversely substituted indazole derivatives bear a variety of functional groups and display versatile biological activities; hence, they have gained considerable attention in the field of medicinal chemistry. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in various methods for the synthesis of indazole derivatives. The current developments in the biological activities of indazole-based compounds are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Guang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Chao-Gen Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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37
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Lanzarotta A, Lorenz L, Voelker S, Falconer TM, Batson JS. Forensic Drug Identification, Confirmation, and Quantification Using Fully Integrated Gas Chromatography with Fourier Transform Infrared and Mass Spectrometric Detection (GC-FT-IR-MS). Appl Spectrosc 2018; 72:750-756. [PMID: 29154671 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817746964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript is a continuation of a recent study that described the use of fully integrated gas chromatography with direct deposition Fourier transform infrared detection and mass spectrometric detection (GC-FT-IR-MS) to identify and confirm the presence of sibutramine and AB-FUBINACA. The purpose of the current study was to employ the GC-FT-IR portion of the same instrument to quantify these compounds, thereby demonstrating the ability to identify, confirm, and quantify drug substances using a single GC-FT-IR-MS unit. The performance of the instrument was evaluated by comparing quantitative analytical figures of merit to those measured using an established, widely employed method for quantifying drug substances, high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The results demonstrated that GC-FT-IR was outperformed by HPLC-UV with regard to sensitivity, precision, and linear dynamic range (LDR). However, sibutramine and AB-FUBINACA concentrations measured using GC-FT-IR were not significantly different at the 95% confidence interval compared to those measured using HPLC-UV, which demonstrates promise for using GC-FT-IR as a semi-quantitative tool at the very least. The most significant advantage of GC-FT-IR compared to HPLC-UV is selectivity; a higher level of confidence regarding the identity of the analyte being quantified is achieved using GC-FT-IR. Additional advantages of using a single GC-FT-IR-MS instrument for identification, confirmation, and quantification are efficiency, increased sample throughput, decreased consumption of laboratory resources (solvents, chemicals, consumables, etc.), and thus cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lanzarotta
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Lorenz
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Voelker
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Travis M Falconer
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - JaCinta S Batson
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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38
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Wei N, Liang J, Peng S, Sun Q, Dai Q, Dong M. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Axitinib Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040747. [PMID: 29570686 PMCID: PMC6017704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Axitinib is an approved kinase inhibitor for the therapy of advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It prevents angiogenesis, cellular adhesion, and induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Here, nine axitinib derivatives were designed by replacing the C=C moiety with the N=N group, and the substituted benzene or pyrrole analogs were considered to replace the pyridine ring. Biological activity results showed that most of nascent derivatives exhibited favorable VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitory activities, and TM6, 7, 9, and 11 behaved more potent anti-proliferative activities than axitinib. This novel series of compounds shows a potential for the treatment of solid tumors and other diseases where angiogenesis plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
- Lab of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Jianqing Liang
- Lab of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Shengming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- Lab of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Qiuyun Dai
- Lab of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Lab of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China.
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Annor-Gyamfi JK, Gnanasekaran KK, Bunce RA. Syntheses of 1-Aryl-5-nitro-1H-indazoles and a General One-Pot Route to 1-Aryl-1H-indazoles. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030674. [PMID: 29547568 PMCID: PMC6017161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient route to substituted 1-aryl-1H-indazoles has been developed and optimized. The method involved the preparation of arylhydrazones from acetophenone or benzaldehyde substituted by fluorine at C2 and nitro at C5, followed by deprotonation and nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) ring closure in 45–90%. Modification of this procedure to a one-pot domino process was successful in the acetophenone series (73–96%), while the benzaldehyde series (63–73%) required a step-wise addition of reagents. A general one-pot protocol for 1-aryl-1H-indazole formation without the limiting substitution patterns required for the SNAr cyclization has also been achieved in 62–78% yields. A selection of 1-aryl-1H-indazoles was prepared in high yield by a procedure that requires only a single laboratory operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel K Annor-Gyamfi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, USA.
| | | | - Richard A Bunce
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, USA.
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Alessio E, Messori L. The Deceptively Similar Ruthenium(III) Drug Candidates KP1019 and NAMI-A Have Different Actions. What Did We Learn in the Past 30 Years? Met Ions Life Sci 2018; 18:/books/9783110470734/9783110470734-007/9783110470734-011.xml. [PMID: 29394024 DOI: 10.1515/9783110470734-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The general interest in anticancer metal-based drugs and some encouraging pharmacological results obtained at the beginning of the investigations on innovative Ru-based drugs triggered a lot of attention on NAMI-A and KP1019, the two Ru(III) coordination compounds that are the subject of this review. This great attention led to a considerable amount of scientific results and, more importantly, to their eventual admission into clinical trials. Both complexes share a relatively low systemic toxicity that allows reaching rather high dosages, comparable to those of carboplatin. Soon it became evident that NAMI-A and KP1019, in spite of their structural similarity, manifest very distinct chemical and biological properties. The pharmacological performances qualified KP1019 mainly as a cytotoxic drug for the treatment of platinum-resistant colorectal cancers, whereas NAMI-A gained the reputation of a potential anticancer drug with negligible effects on the primary tumor but a pronounced ability to affect metastases. We believe that a strictly comparative exam of NAMI-A and KP1019, based on the substantial body of studies accomplished since their discovery almost 30 years ago, might be an useful exercise, both for assessing the state of the art in terms of biological and clinical profiles, and of the inherent mechanisms, and for envisaging possible future developments in the light of past achievements.
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41
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Orgován Z, Ferenczy GG, Steinbrecher T, Szilágyi B, Bajusz D, Keserű GM. Validation of tautomeric and protomeric binding modes by free energy calculations. A case study for the structure based optimization of D-amino acid oxidase inhibitors. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2018; 32:331-345. [PMID: 29335871 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-018-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of fragment size D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitors was investigated using a combination of computational and experimental methods. Retrospective free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations were performed for benzo[d]isoxazole derivatives, a series of known inhibitors with two potential binding modes derived from X-ray structures of other DAAO inhibitors. The good agreement between experimental and computed binding free energies in only one of the hypothesized binding modes strongly support this bioactive conformation. Then, a series of 1-H-indazol-3-ol derivatives formerly not described as DAAO inhibitors was investigated. Binding geometries could be reliably identified by structural similarity to benzo[d]isoxazole and other well characterized series and FEP calculations were performed for several tautomers of the deprotonated and protonated compounds since all these forms are potentially present owing to the experimental pKa values of representative compounds in the series. Deprotonated compounds are proposed to be the most important bound species owing to the significantly better agreement between their calculated and measured affinities compared to the protonated forms. FEP calculations were also used for the prediction of the affinities of compounds not previously tested as DAAO inhibitors and for a comparative structure-activity relationship study of the benzo[d]isoxazole and indazole series. Selected indazole derivatives were synthesized and their measured binding affinity towards DAAO was in good agreement with FEP predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Orgován
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - György G Ferenczy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | | | - Bence Szilágyi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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Chen H, Chen F, Hu W, Gou S. Effective platinum(IV) prodrugs conjugated with lonidamine as a functional group working on the mitochondria. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 180:119-128. [PMID: 29253663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs are one of the most widely used anticancer chemotherapeutics in oncology. Lonidamine (LND) could increase the response of human tumor cells to platinum(II) drugs in preclinical studies by working on the mitochondria. Herein, five platinum(IV) prodrugs conjugated with their potentiator LND are prepared, and most of the target complexes achieve improved anticancer activities compared with their platinum(II) precursors. Notably, Pt(NH3)2(LND)Cl3 (complex 1) derived from cisplatin achieve significantly improved anticancer activities against LNCaP cells and could trigger cancer cell death via an apoptotic pathway and the cell cycle arrest mainly at S phases. And the induction of apoptosis by complex 1 in LNCaP cells is closely associated with mitochondrial function disruption and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Moreover, it is possessed of the ability to overcome cisplatin-resistance. Further research revealed that complex 1 could be easily reduced to release its platinum(II) precursor and axial ligand by ascorbic acid. All the results provid evidence to support the design strategy of conjugating platinum complexes with its potentiator to improve their anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; JiangsuProvince Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, SoutheastUniversity, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Feihong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; JiangsuProvince Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, SoutheastUniversity, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; JiangsuProvince Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, SoutheastUniversity, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; JiangsuProvince Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, SoutheastUniversity, Nanjing 211189, China.
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43
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García-Pérez D, López C, Claramunt RM, Alkorta I, Elguero J. 19F-NMR Diastereotopic Signals in Two N-CHF₂ Derivatives of (4S,7R)-7,8,8-Trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2H-indazole. Molecules 2017; 22:E2003. [PMID: 29149081 PMCID: PMC6150283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report the anisochrony of the fluorine atoms of a CHF₂ group when linked to a pyrazole ring. The pyrazole is part of (4S,7R)-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-2H-indazole also known as (4S,7R)-campho[2,3-c]pyrazole, which has two stereogenic centers. Gauge-Independent Atomic Orbital (GIAO)/Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,f) calculated 19F chemical shifts of the minimum energy conformations satisfactorily agree with the experimental data. The energy differences between minima need to consider solvent effects (continuum model) to be satisfactorily reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana García-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Yoo M, Yoo M, Kim JE, Lee HK, Lee CO, Park CH, Jung KY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of indazole-4,7-dione derivatives as novel BRD4 inhibitors. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 41:46-56. [PMID: 29103140 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is known to regulate the expression of c-Myc to control the proliferation of cancer cells. Therefore, development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the bromodomain has been widely studied. However, some clinical trials on BRD4 inhibitors have shown its drawbacks such as toxicity including the loss of organ weight. Here, we report the development of the novel and promising scaffold, 1H-indazol-4,7-dione, as a bromodomain inhibitor and synthesized derivatives for the inhibition of binding of bromodomain to acetylated histone peptide. Through this effort, we obtained 6-chloro-5-((2,6-difluorophenyl)amino)-1H-indazole-4,7-dione (5i), which showed a highly potent activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 60 nM. The in vivo xenograft assay confirmed that the 1H-indazol-4,7-dione compound reduced the tumor size significantly. These results show that the 1H-indazol-4,7-dione scaffold is highly potent against bromodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Yoo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoun Yoo
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyoung Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Ock Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hoon Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Yao Y, Li R, Liu X, Yang F, Yang Y, Li X, Shi X, Yuan T, Fang L, Du G, Jiao X, Xie P. Discovery of Novel N-Substituted Prolinamido Indazoles as Potent Rho Kinase Inhibitors and Vasorelaxation Agents. Molecules 2017; 22:E1766. [PMID: 29048389 PMCID: PMC6151428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of Rho kinase (ROCK) have potential therapeutic applicability in a wide range of diseases, such as hypertension, stroke, asthma and glaucoma. In a previous article, we described the lead discovery of DL0805, a new ROCK I inhibitor, showing potent inhibitory activity (IC50 6.7 μM). Herein, we present the lead optimization of compound DL0805, resulting in the discovery of 24- and 39-fold more-active analogues 4a (IC50 0.27 μM) and 4b (IC50 0.17 μM), among other active analogues. Moreover, ex-vivo studies demonstrated that 4a and 4b exhibited comparable vasorelaxant activity to the approved drug fasudil in rat aortic rings. The research of a preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) indicated that the target compounds containing a β-proline moiety have improved activity against ROCK I relative to analogues bearing an α-proline moiety, and among the series of the derivatives with a β-proline-derived indazole scaffold, the inhibitory activity of the target compounds with a benzyl substituent is superior to those with a benzoyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Renze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Feilong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Tianyi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Lianhua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Patch RJ, Huang H, Patel S, Cheung W, Xu G, Zhao BP, Beauchamp DA, Rentzeperis D, Geisler JG, Askari HB, Liu J, Kasturi J, Towers M, Gaul MD, Player MR. Indazole-based ligands for estrogen-related receptor α as potential anti-diabetic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:830-853. [PMID: 28735214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor that has been functionally implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Herein is described the development of indazole-based N-alkylthiazolidenediones, which function in biochemical assays as selective inverse agonists against this receptor. Series optimization provided several potent analogues that inhibited the recruitment of a co-activator peptide fragment in vitro (IC50s < 50 nM) and reduced fasted circulating insulin and triglyceride levels in a sub-chronic pre-diabetic rat model when administered orally (10 mg/kg). A multi-parametric optimization strategy led to the identification of 50 as an advanced lead, which was more extensively evaluated in additional diabetic models. Chronic oral administration of 50 in two murine models of obesity and insulin resistance improved glucose control and reduced circulating triglycerides with efficacies similar to that of rosiglitazone. Importantly, these effects were attained without the concomitant weight gain that is typically observed with the latter agent. Thus, these studies provide additional support for the development of such molecules for the potential treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Patch
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Hui Huang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Sharmila Patel
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Wing Cheung
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Guozhang Xu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Bao-Ping Zhao
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Derek A Beauchamp
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Dionisios Rentzeperis
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - John G Geisler
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Hossein B Askari
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Jianying Liu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Jyotsna Kasturi
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Meghan Towers
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Micheal D Gaul
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | - Mark R Player
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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Büchel GE, Kossatz S, Sadique A, Rapta P, Zalibera M, Bucinsky L, Komorovsky S, Telser J, Eppinger J, Reiner T, Arion VB. cis-Tetrachlorido-bis(indazole)osmium(iv) and its osmium(iii) analogues: paving the way towards the cis-isomer of the ruthenium anticancer drugs KP1019 and/or NKP1339. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11925-11941. [PMID: 28850133 PMCID: PMC5605806 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cis-trans isomerism and anticancer activity has been mainly addressed for square-planar metal complexes, in particular, for platinum(ii), e.g., cis- and trans-[PtCl2(NH3)2], and a number of related compounds, of which, however, only cis-counterparts are in clinical use today. For octahedral metal complexes, this effect of geometrical isomerism on anticancer activity has not been investigated systematically, mainly because the relevant isomers are still unavailable. An example of such an octahedral complex is trans-[RuCl4(Hind)2]-, which is in clinical trials now as its indazolium (KP1019) or sodium salt (NKP1339), but the corresponding cis-isomers remain inaccessible. We report the synthesis of Na[cis-OsIIICl4(κN2-1H-ind)2]·(Na[1]) suggesting a route to the cis-isomer of NKP1339. The procedure involves heating (H2ind)[OsIVCl5(κN1-2H-ind)] in a high boiling point organic solvent resulting in an Anderson rearrangement with the formation of cis-[OsIVCl4(κN2-1H-ind)2] ([1]) in high yield. The transformation is accompanied by an indazole coordination mode switch from κN1 to κN2 and stabilization of the 1H-indazole tautomer. Fully reversible spectroelectrochemical reduction of [1] in acetonitrile at 0.46 V vs. NHE is accompanied by a change in electronic absorption bands indicating the formation of cis-[OsIIICl4(κN2-1H-ind)2]- ([1]-). Chemical reduction of [1] in methanol with NaBH4 followed by addition of nBu4NCl afforded the osmium(iii) complex nBu4N[cis-OsIIICl4(κN2-1H-ind)2] (nBu4N[1]). A metathesis reaction of nBu4N[1] with an ion exchange resin led to the isolation of the water-soluble salt Na[1]. The X-ray diffraction crystal structure of [1]·Me2CO was determined and compared with that of trans-[OsIVCl4(κN2-1H-ind)2]·2Me2SO (2·2Me2SO), also prepared in this work. EPR spectroscopy was performed on the OsIII complexes and the results were analyzed by ligand-field and quantum chemical theories. We furthermore assayed effects of [1] and Na[1] on cell viability and proliferation in comparison with trans-[OsIVCl4(κN1-2H-ind)2] [3] and cisplatin and found a strong reduction of cell viability at concentrations between 30 and 300 μM in different cancer cell lines (HT29, H446, 4T1 and HEK293). HT-29 cells are less sensitive to cisplatin than 4T1 cells, but more sensitive to [1] and Na[1], as shown by decreased proliferation and viability as well as an increased late apoptotic/necrotic cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Büchel
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ahmad Sadique
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Peter Rapta
- Slovak University of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Slovak University of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lukas Bucinsky
- Slovak University of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Stanislav Komorovsky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, 430 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA.
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA and Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vladimir B Arion
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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48
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Boblewski K, Lehmann A, Marchwinska A, Kornicka A, Wasilewska A, Saczewski F, Rybczynska A. COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF MARSANIDINE DERIVATIVES ON RAT CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Acta Pol Pharm 2017; 74:579-586. [PMID: 29624262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since clonidine was introduced in clinical practice, attempts are still made to obtain substances capable of centrally controlling blood pressure, however with pharmacological profile better than currently avail- able, such as moxonidine and rilmenidine. Recently synthesized indazole derivatives exert promising action on blood pressure and heart rate in Wistar rats. In the present study, our aim was to check which of tested substituted compound exerts the best effect on basic circulatory parameters. Effects of marsanidine (M), 7-Me- marsanidine (7-Me-M), 7-Cl-marsanidine (7-Cl-M) and 7-F-marsanidine (7-F-M) on blood pressure, heart rate and diuresis were compared. Male Wistar rats were receiving iv. tested compounds in two doses: 10 or 100 pg/kg b.w. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and ECG were recorded continuously. Urine samples were collected before and after administration of tested imidazolines. Obtained data were filtered and subjected to statistical analysis. All tested compounds caused a profound decrease of MAP. 7-M-M reduced blood pressure to the highest extent when used in 10 μg/kg b.w. dose. 7-F-M in dose of 100 μg/kg b.w. caused the strongest drop of MAP. The weakest and the shortest effect in duration was observed after M administration. HR was reduced after administration of each compound while the strongest effect was observed after 7-M-M administration in dose of 10 μg/kg b.w. and after 7-Cl-M administered in dose of 100 μg/kg b.w. Again, the weakest and the shortest in duration effect was observed after M administration. The highest increase of diuresis was observed after 7-M-M administration. These data suggest that methyl substituent in 7 position of indazole ring is the most effective in improving hypotensive effects of newly synthesized imidazolidine derivatives.
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Bai S, Nagai M, Koerner SK, Veves A, Sun L. Structure-activity relationship study and discovery of indazole 3-carboxamides as calcium-release activated calcium channel blockers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:393-397. [PMID: 28057422 PMCID: PMC5271583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of mast cells contributes to the development of numerous diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders, as well as diabetes and its complications. The influx of extracellular calcium via the highly calcium selective calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channel controls mast cell functions. Intracellular calcium homeostasis in mast cells can be maintained via the modulation of the CRAC channel, representing a critical point for therapeutic interventions. We describe the structure-activity relationship study (SAR) of indazole-3-carboxamides as potent CRAC channel blockers and their ability to stabilize mast cells. Our SAR results show that the unique regiochemistry of the amide linker is critical for the inhibition of calcium influx, the release of the pro-inflammatory mediators β-hexosaminidase and tumor necrosis factor α by activated mast cells. Thus, the indazole-3-carboxamide 12d actively inhibits calcium influx and stabilizes mast cells with sub-μM IC50. In contrast, its reverse amide isomer 9c is inactive in the calcium influx assay even at 100μM concentration. This requirement of the specific 3-carboxamide regiochemistry in indazoles is unprecedented in known CRAC channel blockers. The new structural scaffolds described in this report expand the structural diversity of the CRAC channel blockers and may lead to the discovery of novel immune modulators for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Bai
- Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Masazumi Nagai
- Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steffi K Koerner
- Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aristidis Veves
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lijun Sun
- Center for Drug Discovery and Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Abstract
Originally developed as research tools for use in structure-activity relationship studies, synthetic cannabinoids contributed to significant scientific advances in the cannabinoid field. Unfortunately, a subset of these compounds was diverted for recreational use beginning in the early 2000s. As these compounds were banned, they were replaced with additional synthetic cannabinoids with increasingly diverse chemical structures. This chapter focuses on integration of recent results with those covered in previous reviews. Whereas most of the early compounds were derived from the prototypic naphthoylindole JWH-018, currently popular synthetic cannabinoids include tetramethylcyclopropyl ketones and indazole-derived cannabinoids (e.g., AB-PINACA, AB-CHMINACA). Despite their structural differences, psychoactive synthetic cannabinoids bind with high affinity to CB1 receptors in the brain and, when tested, have been shown to activate these receptors and to produce a characteristic profile of effects, including suppression of locomotor activity, antinociception, hypothermia, and catalepsy, as well as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-like discriminative stimulus effects in mice. When they have been tested, synthetic cannabinoids are often found to be more efficacious at activation of the CB1 receptor and more potent in vivo. Further, their chemical alteration by thermolysis during use and their uncertain stability and purity may result in exposure to degradants that differ from the parent compound contained in the original product. Consequently, while their intoxicant effects may be similar to those of THC, use of synthetic cannabinoids may be accompanied by unpredicted, and sometimes harmful, effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Wiley
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA.
| | - Julie A Marusich
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Brian F Thomas
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
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