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Panzade P, Wagh A, Harale P, Bhilwade S. Pharmaceutical cocrystals: a rising star in drug delivery applications. J Drug Target 2024; 32:115-127. [PMID: 38164658 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2300690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals, owing to their manifold applications, are acting as bridge between drug discovery and pharmaceutical product development. The ability to scale up pharmaceutical cocrystals through continuous manufacturing approaches offers superior and economic pharmaceutical products. Moreover, cocrystals can be an aid for the nanoparticulate systems to solve the issues related to scale-up and cost. Cocrystals grabbed attention of academic researchers and pharmaceutical scientist due to their potential to target various diseases like cancer. The present review is mainly focussed on the diverse and comprehensive applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals in drug delivery including solubility and dissolution enhancement, improvement of bioavailability of drug, mechanical and flow properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients, controlled/sustained release and colour tuning of API. Besides, phytochemical based cocrystals, multi-drug cocrystals and cocrystals for tumour therapy have been discussed in this review. Additionally, recent progress pertinent to pharmaceutical cocrystals is also included, which may provide future directions to manufacturing and scale-up of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Panzade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Anita Wagh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Pratiksha Harale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Sumeet Bhilwade
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
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2
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Babu MR, Vishwas S, Khursheed R, Harish V, Sravani AB, Khan F, Alotaibi B, Binshaya A, Disouza J, Kumbhar PS, Patravale V, Gupta G, Loebenberg R, Arshad MF, Patel A, Patel S, Dua K, Singh SK. Unravelling the role of microneedles in drug delivery: Principle, perspectives, and practices. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1393-1431. [PMID: 38036849 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent year, the research of transdermal drug delivery systems has got substantial attention towards the development of microneedles (MNs). This shift has occurred due to multifaceted advantages of MNs as they can be utilized to deliver the drug deeper to the skin with minimal invasion, offer successful delivery of drugs and biomolecules that are susceptible to degradation in gastrointestinal tract (GIT), act as biosensors, and help in monitoring the level of biomarkers in the body. These can be fabricated into different types based on their applications as well as material for fabrication. Some of their types include solid MNs, hollow MNs, coated MNs, hydrogel forming MNs, and dissolving MNs. These MNs deliver the therapeutics via microchannels deeper into the skin. The coated and hollow MNs have been found successful. However, they suffer from poor drug loading and blocking of pores. In contrast, dissolving MNs offer high drug loading. These MNs have also been utilized to deliver vaccines and biologicals. They have also been used in cosmetics. The current review covers the different types of MNs, materials used in their fabrication, properties of MNs, and various case studies related to their role in delivering therapeutics, monitoring level of biomarkers/hormones in body such as insulin. Various patents and clinical trials related to MNs are also covered. Covered are the major bottlenecks associated with their clinical translation and potential future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molakpogu Ravindra Babu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Vancha Harish
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Anne Boyina Sravani
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Farhan Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim Binshaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Disouza
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala , Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Popat S Kumbhar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala , Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura , 30201, Jaipur, India
| | - Raimar Loebenberg
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton , AB T6G2N8, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed Faiz Arshad
- Department of Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, New Delhi, 110044, India
| | - Archita Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, At & Post: Changa, Tal.:- Petlad, Dist.:- Anand-388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Samir Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, At & Post: Changa, Tal.:- Petlad, Dist.:- Anand-388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Lopez-Vidal L, Parodi P, Actis MR, Camacho N, Real DA, Paredes AJ, Irazoqui FJ, Real JP, Palma SD. Formulation and optimization of pH-sensitive nanocrystals for improved oral delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1301-1318. [PMID: 37953429 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of low water solubility in pharmaceutical science profoundly impacts drug absorption and therapeutic effectiveness. Nanocrystals (NC), consisting of drug molecules and stabilizing agents, offer a promising solution to enhance solubility and control release rates. In the pharmaceutical industry, top-down techniques are favored for their flexibility and cost-effectiveness. However, increased solubility can lead to premature drug dissolution in the stomach, which is problematic due to the acidic pH or enzymes. Researchers are exploring encapsulating agents that facilitate drug release at customized pH levels as a valuable strategy to address this. This study employed wet milling and spray drying techniques to create encapsulated NC for delivering the drug to the intestinal tract using the model drug ivermectin (IVM). Nanosuspensions (NS) were efficiently produced within 2 h using NanoDisp®, with a particle size of 198.4 ± 0.6 nm and a low polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.184, ensuring uniformity. Stability tests over 100 days at 4 °C and 25 °C demonstrated practical viability, with no precipitation or significant changes observed. Cytotoxicity evaluations indicated less harm to Caco-2 cells compared to the pure drug. Furthermore, the solubility of the NC increased by 47-fold in water and 4.8-fold in simulated intestinal fluid compared to the pure active compound. Finally, dissolution tests showed less than 10% release in acidic conditions and significant improvement in simulated intestinal conditions, promising enhanced drug solubility and bioavailability. This addresses a long-standing pharmaceutical challenge in a cost-effective and scalable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Lopez-Vidal
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba (FCQ-UNC), Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research and Development Unit (UNITEFA) - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro Parodi
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba (FCQ-UNC), Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry of Cordoba (CIQUIBIC) - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maribel Romanela Actis
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba (FCQ-UNC), Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Camacho
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba (FCQ-UNC), Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research and Development Unit (UNITEFA) - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Andrés Real
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba (FCQ-UNC), Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research and Development Unit (UNITEFA) - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Paredes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Fernando José Irazoqui
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba (FCQ-UNC), Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry of Cordoba (CIQUIBIC) - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Real
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba (FCQ-UNC), Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research and Development Unit (UNITEFA) - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Daniel Palma
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba (FCQ-UNC), Haya de la torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research and Development Unit (UNITEFA) - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Chen B, Vavrek M, Cancilla MT. From molecules to visuals: Empowering drug discovery and development with mass spectrometry imaging. J Mass Spectrom 2024; 59:e5029. [PMID: 38656528 DOI: 10.1002/jms.5029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as a valuable tool for the spatial localization of drugs and metabolites directly from tissue surfaces without the need for labels. MSI offers molecular specificity, making it increasingly popular in the pharmaceutical industry compared to conventional imaging techniques like quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA) and immunohistochemistry, which are unable to distinguish parent drugs from metabolites. Across the industry, there has been a consistent uptake in the utilization of MSI to investigate drug and metabolite distribution patterns, and the integration of MSI with omics technologies in preclinical investigations. To continue the further adoption of MSI in drug discovery and development, we believe there are two key areas that need to be addressed. First, there is a need for accurate quantification of analytes from MSI distribution studies. Second, there is a need for increased interactions with regulatory agencies for guidance on the utility and incorporation of MSI techniques in regulatory filings. Ongoing efforts are being made to address these areas, and it is hoped that MSI will gain broader utilization within the industry, thereby becoming a critical ingredient in driving drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingming Chen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism & Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism & Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark T Cancilla
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism & Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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Rath M, Wellnitz J, Martin HJ, Melo-Filho C, Hochuli JE, Silva GM, Beasley JM, Travis M, Sessions ZL, Popov KI, Zakharov AV, Cherkasov A, Alves V, Muratov EN, Tropsha A. Pharmacokinetics Profiler (PhaKinPro): Model Development, Validation, and Implementation as a Web Tool for Triaging Compounds with Undesired Pharmacokinetics Profiles. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6508-6518. [PMID: 38568752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Computational models that predict pharmacokinetic properties are critical to deprioritize drug candidates that emerge as hits in high-throughput screening campaigns. We collected, curated, and integrated a database of compounds tested in 12 major end points comprising over 10,000 unique molecules. We then employed these data to build and validate binary quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. All trained models achieved a correct classification rate above 0.60 and a positive predictive value above 0.50. To illustrate their utility in drug discovery, we used these models to predict the pharmacokinetic properties for drugs in the NCATS Inxight Drugs database. In addition, we employed the developed models to predict the pharmacokinetic properties of all compounds in the DrugBank. All models described in this paper have been integrated and made publicly available via the PhaKinPro Web-portal that can be accessed at https://phakinpro.mml.unc.edu/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Rath
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James Wellnitz
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Holli-Joi Martin
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Cleber Melo-Filho
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joshua E Hochuli
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Guilherme Martins Silva
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jon-Michael Beasley
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Maxfield Travis
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zoe L Sessions
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Konstantin I Popov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexey V Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Vinicius Alves
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Eugene N Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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6
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Chan B, Dawson W, Nakajima T. Sorting drug conformers in enzyme active sites: the XTB way. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12610-12618. [PMID: 38597505 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00930d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we have used the MEI196 set of interaction energies to investigate low-cost computational chemistry approaches for the calculation of binding between a molecule and its environment. Density functional theory (DFT) methods, when used with the vDZP basis set, yield good agreement with the reference energies. On the other hand, semi-empirical methods are less accurate as expected. By examining different groups of systems within MEI196 that contain species of a similar nature, we find that chemical similarity leads to cancellation of errors in the calculation of relative binding energies. Importantly, the semi-empirical method GFN1-xTB (XTB1) yields reasonable results for this purpose. We have thus further assessed the performance of XTB1 for calculating relative energies of docking poses of substrates in enzyme active sites represented by cluster models or within the ONIOM protocol. The results support the observations on error cancellation. This paves the way for the use of XTB1 in parts of large-scale virtual screening workflows to accelerate the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science, 7-1-26, Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - William Dawson
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science, 7-1-26, Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science, 7-1-26, Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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Fan J, Shi S, Xiang H, Fu L, Duan Y, Cao D, Lu H. Predicting Elimination of Small-Molecule Drug Half-Life in Pharmacokinetics Using Ensemble and Consensus Machine Learning Methods. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:3080-3092. [PMID: 38563433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Half-life is a significant pharmacokinetic parameter included in the excretion phase of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. It is one of the key factors for the successful marketing of drug candidates. Therefore, predicting half-life is of great significance in drug design. In this study, we employed eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost), randomForest (RF), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and supporting vector machine (SVM) to build quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models on 3512 compounds and evaluated model performance by using root-mean-square error (RMSE), R2, and mean absolute error (MAE) metrics and interpreted features by SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP). Furthermore, we developed consensus models through integrating four individual models and validated their performance using a Y-randomization test and applicability domain analysis. Finally, matched molecular pair analysis was used to extract the transformation rules. Our results revealed that XGboost outperformed other individual models (RMSE = 0.176, R2 = 0.845, MAE = 0.141). The consensus model integrating all four models continued to enhance prediction performance (RMSE = 0.172, R2 = 0.856, MAE = 0.138). We evaluated the reliability, robustness, and generalization ability via Y-randomization test and applicability domain analysis. Meanwhile, we utilized SHAP to interpret features and employed matched molecular pair analysis to extract chemical transformation rules that provide suggestions for optimizing drug structure. In conclusion, we believe that the consensus model developed in this study serve as a reliable tool to evaluate half-life in drug discovery, and the chemical transformation rules concluded in this study could provide valuable suggestions in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fan
- Health Management Center, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Yanjing Duan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Health Management Center, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P. R. China
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Long TZ, Jiang DJ, Shi SH, Deng YC, Wang WX, Cao DS. Enhancing Multi-species Liver Microsomal Stability Prediction through Artificial Intelligence. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:3222-3236. [PMID: 38498003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Liver microsomal stability, a crucial aspect of metabolic stability, significantly impacts practical drug discovery. However, current models for predicting liver microsomal stability are based on limited molecular information from a single species. To address this limitation, we constructed the largest public database of compounds from three common species: human, rat, and mouse. Subsequently, we developed a series of classification models using both traditional descriptor-based and classic graph-based machine learning (ML) algorithms. Remarkably, the best-performing models for the three species achieved Matthews correlation coefficients (MCCs) of 0.616, 0.603, and 0.574, respectively, on the test set. Furthermore, through the construction of consensus models based on these individual models, we have demonstrated their superior predictive performance in comparison with the existing models of the same type. To explore the similarities and differences in the properties of liver microsomal stability among multispecies molecules, we conducted preliminary interpretative explorations using the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) and atom heatmap approaches for the models and misclassified molecules. Additionally, we further investigated representative structural modifications and substructures that decrease the liver microsomal stability in different species using the matched molecule pair analysis (MMPA) method and substructure extraction techniques. The established prediction models, along with insightful interpretation information regarding liver microsomal stability, will significantly contribute to enhancing the efficiency of exploring practical drugs for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Zhi Long
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - De-Jun Jiang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Shi
- Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - You-Chao Deng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xuan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
- Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
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Williams DC, Inala N. Physics-Informed Generative Model for Drug-like Molecule Conformers. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:2988-3007. [PMID: 38486425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
We present a diffusion-based generative model for conformer generation. Our model is focused on the reproduction of the bonded structure and is constructed from the associated terms traditionally found in classical force fields to ensure a physically relevant representation. Techniques in deep learning are used to infer atom typing and geometric parameters from a training set. Conformer sampling is achieved by taking advantage of recent advancements in diffusion-based generation. By training on large, synthetic data sets of diverse, drug-like molecules optimized with the semiempirical GFN2-xTB method, high accuracy is achieved for bonded parameters, exceeding that of conventional, knowledge-based methods. Results are also compared to experimental structures from the Protein Databank and the Cambridge Structural Database.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Williams
- Nobias Therapeutics, Inc., 144 S Whisman Rd, Suite C, Mountain View, California 94041, United States
| | - Neil Inala
- Nobias Therapeutics, Inc., 144 S Whisman Rd, Suite C, Mountain View, California 94041, United States
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Wong CYJ, Baldelli A, Tietz O, van der Hoven J, Suman J, Ong HX, Traini D. An overview of in vitro and in vivo techniques for characterization of intranasal protein and peptide formulations for brain targeting. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123922. [PMID: 38401871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The surge in neurological disorders necessitates innovative strategies for delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients to the brain. The non-invasive intranasal route has emerged as a promising approach to optimize drug delivery to the central nervous system by circumventing the blood-brain barrier. While the intranasal approach offers numerous advantages, the lack of a standardized protocol for drug testing poses challenges to both in vitro and in vivo studies, limiting the accurate interpretation of nasal drug delivery and pharmacokinetic data. This review explores the in vitro experimental assays employed by the pharmaceutical industry to test intranasal formulation. The focus lies on understanding the diverse techniques used to characterize the intranasal delivery of drugs targeting the brain. Parameters such as drug release, droplet size measurement, plume geometry, deposition in the nasal cavity, aerodynamic performance and mucoadhesiveness are scrutinized for their role in evaluating the performance of nasal drug products. The review further discusses the methodology for in vivo characterization in detail, which is essential in evaluating and refining drug efficacy through the nose-to-brain pathway. Animal models are indispensable for pre-clinical drug testing, offering valuable insights into absorption efficacy and potential variables affecting formulation safety. The insights presented aim to guide future research in intranasal drug delivery for neurological disorders, ensuring more accurate predictions of therapeutic efficacy in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yuen Jerry Wong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Alberto Baldelli
- Faculty of Food and Land Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ole Tietz
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Julia van der Hoven
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Julie Suman
- Next Breath, an Aptar Pharma Company, Baltimore, MD 21227, USA
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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11
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Abstract
Force-controlled release of small molecules offers great promise for the delivery of drugs and the release of healing or reporting agents in a medical or materials context1-3. In polymer mechanochemistry, polymers are used as actuators to stretch mechanosensitive molecules (mechanophores)4. This technique has enabled the release of molecular cargo by rearrangement, as a direct5,6 or indirect7-10 consequence of bond scission in a mechanophore, or by dissociation of cage11, supramolecular12 or metal complexes13,14, and even by 'flex activation'15,16. However, the systems described so far are limited in the diversity and/or quantity of the molecules released per stretching event1,2. This is due to the difficulty in iteratively activating scissile mechanophores, as the actuating polymers will dissociate after the first activation. Physical encapsulation strategies can be used to deliver a larger cargo load, but these are often subject to non-specific (that is, non-mechanical) release3. Here we show that a rotaxane (an interlocked molecule in which a macrocycle is trapped on a stoppered axle) acts as an efficient actuator to trigger the release of cargo molecules appended to its axle. The release of up to five cargo molecules per rotaxane actuator was demonstrated in solution, by ultrasonication, and in bulk, by compression, achieving a release efficiency of up to 71% and 30%, respectively, which places this rotaxane device among the most efficient release systems achieved so far1. We also demonstrate the release of three representative functional molecules (a drug, a fluorescent tag and an organocatalyst), and we anticipate that a large variety of cargo molecules could be released with this device. This rotaxane actuator provides a versatile platform for various force-controlled release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guillaume De Bo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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12
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Wang JZ, Lyon WL, MacMillan DWC. Alkene dialkylation by triple radical sorting. Nature 2024; 628:104-109. [PMID: 38350601 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The development of bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) catalysis has expanded cross-coupling chemistries by enabling the selective combination of any primary radical with any secondary or tertiary radical through a radical sorting mechanism1-8. Biomimetic9,10 SH2 catalysis can be used to merge common feedstock chemicals-such as alcohols, acids and halides-in various permutations for the construction of a single C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond. The ability to sort these two distinct radicals across commercially available alkenes in a three-component manner would enable the simultaneous construction of two C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds, greatly accelerating access to complex molecules and drug-like chemical space11. However, the simultaneous in situ formation of electrophilic and primary nucleophilic radicals in the presence of unactivated alkenes is problematic, typically leading to statistical radical recombination, hydrogen atom transfer, disproportionation and other deleterious pathways12,13. Here we report the use of bimolecular homolytic substitution catalysis to sort an electrophilic radical and a nucleophilic radical across an unactivated alkene. This reaction involves the in situ formation of three distinct radical species, which are then differentiated by size and electronics, allowing for regioselective formation of the desired dialkylated products. This work accelerates access to pharmaceutically relevant C(sp3)-rich molecules and defines a distinct mechanistic approach for alkene dialkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Z Wang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - William L Lyon
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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13
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Long A, Oswood CJ, Kelly CB, Bryan MC, MacMillan DWC. Couple-close construction of polycyclic rings from diradicals. Nature 2024; 628:326-332. [PMID: 38480891 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Heteroarenes are ubiquitous motifs in bioactive molecules, conferring favourable physical properties when compared to their arene counterparts1-3. In particular, semisaturated heteroarenes possess attractive solubility properties and a higher fraction of sp3 carbons, which can improve binding affinity and specificity. However, these desirable structures remain rare owing to limitations in current synthetic methods4-6. Indeed, semisaturated heterocycles are laboriously prepared by means of non-modular fit-for-purpose syntheses, which decrease throughput, limit chemical diversity and preclude their inclusion in many hit-to-lead campaigns7-10. Herein, we describe a more intuitive and modular couple-close approach to build semisaturated ring systems from dual radical precursors. This platform merges metallaphotoredox C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-coupling with intramolecular Minisci-type radical cyclization to fuse abundant heteroaryl halides with simple bifunctional feedstocks, which serve as the diradical synthons, to rapidly assemble a variety of spirocyclic, bridged and substituted saturated ring types that would be extremely difficult to make by conventional methods. The broad availability of the requisite feedstock materials allows sampling of regions of underexplored chemical space. Reagent-controlled radical generation leads to a highly regioselective and stereospecific annulation that can be used for the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutical scaffolds, replacing lengthy de novo syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Long
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Marian C Bryan
- Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
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14
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Floroiu A, Loretz B, Krämer J, Lehr CM. Drug solubility in biorelevant media in the context of an inhalation-based biopharmaceutics classification system (iBCS). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114206. [PMID: 38316234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
An inhalation-based Biopharmaceutics Classification System for pulmonary drugs (iBCS) holds the perspective to allow for scientifically sound prediction of differences in the in vivo performance of orally inhaled drug products (OIDPs). A set of nine drug substances were selected, that are administered via both the oral and pulmonary routes. Their solubility was determined in media representative for the oral (Fasted State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF)) and pulmonary (Alveofact medium and Simulated Lung Fluid (SLF)) routes of administration to confirm the need for a novel approach for inhaled drugs. The complexity of these media was then stepwise reduced with the purpose of understanding the contribution of their components to the solubilizing capacity of the media. A second reason for varying the complexity was to identify a medium that would allow robust but accurate dissolution testing. Hence, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) as a medium used in many in vitro biological tests, non-buffered saline solution, and water were included. For some drug substances (salbutamol sulfate, tobramycin, isoniazid, and tiotropium bromide), no significant differences were observed between the solubility in the media used. For other drugs, however, we observed either just small (rifampicin, budesonide, salmeterol) or unexpectedly large differences (beclomethasone dipropionate). Based on the minimum theoretical solubility required for their common pulmonary dose in 10 ml of lung lining fluid, drug solubility was classified as either high or low. Two high solubility and two low solubility compounds were then selected for refined solubility testing in pulmonary relevant media by varying their content of phospholipids, surfactant proteins and other proteins. The solubility of drug substances in simulated lung lining fluids was found to be dependent on the physicochemical properties of the drug substance and the composition of the media. While a pulmonary dissolution medium that would fit all drugs could not be established, our approach may provide guidance for finding the most suitable dissolution medium for a given drug substance and better designing in vitro tests for predicting the in vivo performance of inhalable drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Floroiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Eurofins PHAST Development GmbH & Co. KG, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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15
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Megantara S, Rusdin A, Budiman A, Shamsuddin S, Mohtar N, Muchtaridi M. Revolutionizing Antiviral Therapeutics: Unveiling Innovative Approaches for Enhanced Drug Efficacy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2889-2915. [PMID: 38525012 PMCID: PMC10961067 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s447721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in late 2019, viral infections have become one of the top three causes of mortality worldwide. Immunization and the use of immunomodulatory drugs are effective ways to prevent and treat viral infections. However, the primary therapy for managing viral infections remains antiviral and antiretroviral medication. Unfortunately, these drugs are often limited by physicochemical constraints such as low target selectivity and poor aqueous solubility. Although several modifications have been made to enhance the physicochemical characteristics and efficacy of these drugs, there are few published studies that summarize and compare these modifications. Our review systematically synthesized and discussed antiviral drug modification reports from publications indexed in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. We examined various approaches that were investigated to address physicochemical issues and increase activity, including liposomes, cocrystals, solid dispersions, salt modifications, and nanoparticle drug delivery systems. We were impressed by how well each strategy addressed physicochemical issues and improved antiviral activity. In conclusion, these modifications represent a promising way to improve the physicochemical characteristics, functionality, and effectiveness of antivirals in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Megantara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radio Pharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Agus Rusdin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Noratiqah Mohtar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radio Pharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
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16
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Budiman A, Anastasya G, Handini AL, Lestari IN, Subra L, Aulifa DL. Characterization of Drug with Good Glass-Forming Ability Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Its Impact Toward in vitro and in vivo Studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2199-2225. [PMID: 38465205 PMCID: PMC10924831 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid oral dosage forms are mostly preferred in pharmaceutical formulation development due to patient convenience, ease of product handling, high throughput, low manufacturing costs, with good physical and chemical stability. However, 70% of drug candidates have poor water solubility leading to compromised bioavailability. This phenomenon occurs because drug molecules are often absorbed after dissolving in gastrointestinal fluid. To address this limitation, delivery systems designed to improve the pharmacokinetics of drug molecules are needed to allow controlled release and target-specific delivery. Among various strategies, amorphous formulations show significantly high potential, particularly for molecules with solubility-limited dissolution rates. The ease of drug molecules to amorphized is known as their glass-forming ability (GFA). Specifically, drug molecules categorized into class III based on the Taylor classification have a low recrystallization tendency and high GFA after cooling, with substantial "glass stability" when heated. In the last decades, the application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as drug delivery systems (DDS) has gained significant attention in various investigations and the pharmaceutical industry. This is attributed to the unique physicochemical properties of MSNs, including high loading capacity, recrystallization inhibition, excellent biocompatibility, and easy functionalization. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss the current state of good glass former drug loaded mesoporous silica and shows its impact on the pharmaceutical properties including dissolution and physical stability, along with in vivo study. The results show the importance of determining whether mesoporous structures are needed in amorphous formulations to improve the pharmaceutical properties of drug with a favorable GFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Gracia Anastasya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Luthfiyah Handini
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ira Novianty Lestari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Laila Subra
- Department of Pharmacy, Universiti Geomatika Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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17
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Pardhi E, Vasave R, Srivastava V, Yadav R, Mehra NK. Nanocrystal technologies in biomedical science: From the bench to the clinic. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103913. [PMID: 38340952 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is grappling with a pressing crisis in drug development characterized by soaring R&D costs, setbacks in blockbuster drug development due to poor aqueous solubility, and patent-related limitations on newly approved molecules. To combat these challenges, diverse strategies have emerged to enhance the solubility and dissolution rates of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) II and IV drug molecules. Enter drug nanocrystals, a revolutionary nanotechnology-driven, carrier-free colloidal drug delivery system. This review provides a comprehensive insight into nanocrystal strategies, stabilizer selection criteria, preparation methods, advanced characterization techniques, the evolving nanocrystal technological landscape, current market options, and exciting clinical prospects for reshaping the future of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Pardhi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravindra Vasave
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vaibhavi Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rati Yadav
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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18
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Ding Y, Zhao T, Fang J, Song J, Dong H, Liu J, Li S, Zhao M. Recent developments in the use of nanocrystals to improve bioavailability of APIs. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2024; 16:e1958. [PMID: 38629192 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystals refer to materials with at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm, composing of atoms arranged in single crystals or polycrystals. Nanocrystals have significant research value as they offer unique advantages over conventional pharmaceutical formulations, such as high bioavailability, enhanced targeting selectivity and controlled release ability and are therefore suitable for the delivery of a wide range of drugs such as insoluble drugs, antitumor drugs and genetic drugs with broad application prospects. In recent years, research on nanocrystals has been progressively refined and new products have been launched or entered the clinical phase of studies. However, issues such as safety and stability still stand that need to be addressed for further development of nanocrystal formulations, and significant gaps do exist in research in various fields in this pharmaceutical arena. This paper presents a systematic overview of the advanced development of nanocrystals, ranging from the preparation approaches of nanocrystals with which the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is improved, critical properties of nanocrystals and associated characterization techniques, the recent development of nanocrystals with different administration routes, the advantages and associated limitations of nanocrystal formulations, the mechanisms of physical instability, and the enhanced dissolution performance, to the future perspectives, with a final view to shed more light on the future development of nanocrystals as a means of optimizing the bioavailability of drug candidates. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Ding
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tongyi Zhao
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianing Fang
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiexin Song
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haobo Dong
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijin Li
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Min Zhao
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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19
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Stults CLM, Harper D, Zane D. Challenges Associated with Biological Safety Assessments for Drug-Device Combination Products. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2024; 78:100-124. [PMID: 37848201 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2022.012822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological safety assessments for drug-device combination products involve evaluation of the drug container closure and the device constituent part. When the device constituent part is the drug delivery system as well as the drug container closure system, both device and drug-based packaging standards have been deemed applicable. Approaches used for the biological safety assessment of medical devices differ from those used for pharmaceutical packaging/delivery systems. One area of difference is the extent to which chemical characterization with toxicological assessment is used either in addition to, or in place of, biological in vivo or in vitro tests. Differences also exist in the way nonclinical studies are used to evaluate the safety of medical devices or drug delivery systems. The lack of alignment in standards and guidance has resulted in confusion over what combination of tests and methods of evaluation constitute a biological safety assessment that will meet regulatory expectations for a drug-device combination product. The intent of this article is to discuss the challenges created when the packaging or delivery system is also a device constituent part of a drug-device combination product. Suggestions are offered regarding approaches that may be useful for conducting suitable biological safety assessments for drug-device combination products.
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20
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Chaturvedi A, Sharma S, Shukla R. Drug Nanocrystals: A Delivery Channel for Antiviral Therapies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:41. [PMID: 38366178 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections represent a significant threat to global health due to their highly communicable and potentially lethal nature. Conventional antiviral interventions encounter challenges such as drug resistance, tolerability issues, specificity concerns, high costs, side effects, and the constant mutation of viral proteins. Consequently, the exploration of alternative approaches is imperative. Therefore, nanotechnology-embedded drugs excelled as a novel approach purporting severe life-threatening viral disease. Integrating nanomaterials and nanoparticles enables ensuring precise drug targeting, improved drug delivery, and fostered pharmacokinetic properties. Notably, nanocrystals (NCs) stand out as one of the most promising nanoformulations, offering remarkable characteristics in terms of physicochemical properties (higher drug loading, improved solubility, and drug retention), pharmacokinetics (enhanced bioavailability, dose reduction), and optical properties (light absorptivity, photoluminescence). These attributes make NCs effective in diagnosing and ameliorating viral infections. This review comprises the prevalence, pathophysiology, and resistance of viral infections along with emphasizing on failure of current antivirals in the management of the diseases. Moreover, the review also highlights the role of NCs in various viral infections in mitigating, diagnosing, and other NC-based strategies combating viral infections. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evident for the effectiveness of NCs against viral pathogens are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India.
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21
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Kinard TC, Wrenn SP. Triglycerides Stabilize Water/Organic Interfaces of Changing Area via Conformational Flexibility. Langmuir 2024; 40:2500-2509. [PMID: 38284535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The role of triglycerides (TGs) in both natural and synthetic biological membranes has long been the subject of study, involving metabolism, disease, and colloidal synthesis. TGs have been found to be critical components for successful liposomal encapsulation via a water/oil/water double emulsion, which this work endeavors to explain. TGs can occupy multiple positions in biological membranes. The glycerol backbone can reside at the water/organic interface, adjacent to phospholipid headgroups ("m" conformation), typically with relatively low (<3%) solubility. The glycerol backbone can also occupy hydrophobic regions, where it is isolated from water ("h" or "oil" conformation). This can occur in either midmembrane positions or phospholipid-coated lipid droplets (LDs). These conformations can be distinguished using 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), which determines the degree of hydration of the TG backbone. Using this method, it was revealed that TGs transition from "m" to "h" conformation as the organic solvent is removed via evaporation. A new transitional TG backbone position has been identified with a level of hydration between "m" and "h". These results suggest that TGs can temporarily coat and stabilize the large water/organic interfaces present after emulsification. As the organic solvent is removed and interfaces shrink, the TGs recede into midmembrane spaces or bud off into LDs, which are confirmed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and can be removed via centrifugation. Encapsulation efficiency is found to be inversely related to both the saturation and length of the TG acyl chains, indicating that membrane fluidization is a key property arising from the presence of TGs. Beyond clarification of a mechanism for high-efficiency liposomal encapsulation, these results implicate TGs as components that are able to stabilize biological membrane transitions involving a changing interfacial area and curvature. This role for TGs may be of use in the formulation of drug delivery systems as well as in the investigation of membrane transitions in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Kinard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Steven P Wrenn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Reese TC, Devineni A, Smith T, Lalami I, Ahn JM, Raj GV. Evaluating physiochemical properties of FDA-approved orally administered drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:225-238. [PMID: 37921049 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2275617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analyses of orally administered FDA-approved drugs from 1990 to 1993 enabled the identification of a set of physiochemical properties known as Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5). The original Ro5 and extended versions still remain the reference criteria for drug development programs. Since many bioactive compounds do not conform to the Ro5, we validated the relevance of and adherence to these rulesets in a contemporary cohort of FDA-approved drugs. AREAS COVERED The authors noted that a significant proportion of FDA-approved orally administered parent compounds from 2011 to 2022 deviate from the original Ro5 criteria (~38%) or the Ro5 with extensions (~53%). They then evaluated if a contemporary Ro5 criteria (cRo5) could be devised to better predict oral bioavailability. Furthermore, they discuss many case studies showcasing the need for and benefit of increasing the size of certain compounds and cover several evolving strategies for improving oral bioavailability. EXPERT OPINION Despite many revisions to the Ro5, the authors find that no single proposed physiochemical rule has universal concordance with absolute oral bioavailability. Innovations in drug delivery and formulation have dramatically expanded the range of physicochemical properties and the chemical diversity for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner C Reese
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Anvita Devineni
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Tristan Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Ismail Lalami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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23
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de la Torre BG, Albericio F. The Pharmaceutical Industry in 2023: An Analysis of FDA Drug Approvals from the Perspective of Molecules. Molecules 2024; 29:585. [PMID: 38338330 PMCID: PMC10856271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the COVID-19 pandemic behind us, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 55 new drugs in 2023, a figure consistent with the number authorized in the last five years (53 per year on average). Thus, 2023 marks the second-best yearly FDA harvest after 2018 (59 approvals) in all the series. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) continue to be the class of drugs with the most approvals, with an exceptional 12, a number that makes it the most outstanding year for this class. As in 2022, five proteins/enzymes have been approved in 2023. However, no antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been released onto the market. With respect to TIDES (peptides and oligonucleotides), 2023 has proved a spectacular year, with a total of nine approvals, corresponding to five peptides and four oligonucleotides. Natural products continue to be the best source of inspiration for drug development, with 10 new products on the market. Three drugs in this year's harvest are pegylated, which may indicate the return of pegylation as a method to increase the half-lives of drugs after the withdrawal of peginesatide from the market in 2013. Following the trends in recent years, two bispecific drugs have been authorized in 2023. As in the preceding years, fluorine and/or N-aromatic heterocycles are present in most of the drugs. Herein, the 55 new drugs approved by the FDA in 2023 are analyzed exclusively on the basis of their chemical structure. They are classified as the following: biologics (antibodies, proteins/enzymes); TIDES (peptide and oligonucleotides); combined drugs; pegylated drugs; natural products; nitrogen aromatic heterocycles; fluorine-containing molecules; and other small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Kwazulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Almeter PJ, Isaacs JT, Hunter AN, Lyman TA, Zapata SP, Henderson BS, Larkin SA, Long LM, Bossle MN, Bhaktawara SA, Warren MF, Lozier AM, Melson JD, Fraley SR, Relucio EHL, Felix MA, Reynolds JW, Naseman RW, Platt TL, Lodder RA. Screening for quality with process analytical technology in a health-system pharmacy: A primer. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2024; 81:e73-e82. [PMID: 37756628 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The University of Kentucky Drug Quality Study team briefly reviews the growing concerns over pharmaceutical manufacturing quality in the globalized environment, reviews the historical approach by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that prioritizes process over product in enforcing quality with manufacturers, reviews the science of process analytical technology (PAT) such as near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, illustrates the use of PAT methods for assessing uniformity and quality in injectable pharmaceuticals, and demonstrates the application of NIR spectroscopy in a health-system pharmacy setting while maintaining current good practice quality guidelines and regulations (cGxP). SUMMARY Given that the current approach to monitoring quality in pharmaceutical manufacturing was developed in the late 1960s at a time when manufacturing was mostly domestic, the current approach prioritizes process over product, and the global footprint of manufacturing is straining federal resources to fulfill their task of monitoring quality, an approach to augment the quality monitoring process has been developed. PAT methodologies are supported by FDA for monitoring quality and offer a fast, low-cost, nondestructive solution. Given that the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education has not required qualitative/quantitative analysis and drug assaying in the pharmacy curriculum for several decades, the authors spend time explaining the science behind one of these PAT methodologies, NIR spectroscopy. This primer reviews the application of this technology in the health-system pharmacy setting and the relevant clinical applications. CONCLUSION Utilizing PAT methodologies such as NIR spectroscopy, health-system pharmacies can gain insights about whether process controls are in place or lacking in FDA-approved formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Almeter
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James T Isaacs
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Aaron N Hunter
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Thomas A Lyman
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stephanie P Zapata
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bradley S Henderson
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Seth A Larkin
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lindsey M Long
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Megan N Bossle
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Smaran A Bhaktawara
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matthew F Warren
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Austin M Lozier
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joshua D Melson
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Savannah R Fraley
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eunice Hazzel L Relucio
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Margaret A Felix
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Reynolds
- Department of Finance, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ryan W Naseman
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Thomas L Platt
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
- Pharmacy Practice & Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Robert A Lodder
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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25
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Li F, Yin J, Yang H, Li X, Liu X, Chai X, Niu T, Zeng S, Jia Q, Zhu F. INTEDE 2.0: the metabolic roadmap of drugs. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D1355-D1364. [PMID: 37930837 PMCID: PMC10767827 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic roadmap of drugs (MRD) is a comprehensive atlas for understanding the stepwise and sequential metabolism of certain drug in living organisms. It plays a vital role in lead optimization, personalized medication, and ADMET research. The MRD consists of three main components: (i) the sequential catalyses of drug and its metabolites by different drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), (ii) a comprehensive collection of metabolic reactions along the entire MRD and (iii) a systematic description on efficacy & toxicity for all metabolites of a studied drug. However, there is no database available for describing the comprehensive metabolic roadmaps of drugs. Therefore, in this study, a major update of INTEDE was conducted, which provided the stepwise & sequential metabolic roadmaps for a total of 4701 drugs, and a total of 22 165 metabolic reactions containing 1088 DMEs and 18 882 drug metabolites. Additionally, the INTEDE 2.0 labeled the pharmacological properties (pharmacological activity or toxicity) of metabolites and provided their structural information. Furthermore, 3717 drug metabolism relationships were supplemented (from 7338 to 11 055). All in all, INTEDE 2.0 is highly expected to attract broad interests from related research community and serve as an essential supplement to existing pharmaceutical/biological/chemical databases. INTEDE 2.0 can now be accessible freely without any login requirement at: http://idrblab.org/intede/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xu Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Tianle Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Su Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingzhong Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
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26
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Planinšek Parfant T, Skube T, Roškar R. A robust analytical method for simultaneous quantification of 13 low-molecular-weight N-Nitrosamines in various pharmaceuticals based on solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106633. [PMID: 37951317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the potentially highly carcinogenic N-nitrosamines (NAs) have become the focus of pharmaceutical regulatory authorities, the pharmaceutical industry and researchers because trace amounts have been detected in some drug products (DPs), resulting in drug supply shortages. In the absence of sufficient analytical methods for the determination of multiple regulated low-molecular-weight NAs in various DPs, a robust, selective, sensitive and accurate method based on sample preparation by solid phase extraction, followed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for the simultaneous analysis of 13 regulated low-molecular-weight NAs was developed. The best results for the cleanup were obtained using Strata X-C SPE cartridge. The proposed method was successfully validated according to the USP general chapter 〈1469〉, demonstrating its excellent linearity, accuracy and precision in wide analytical ranges, adjusted to NAs acceptable intake limits. The achieved limits of quantitation correspond to 30 % or less of the acceptable intake limits. The developed analytical method was applied to 16 commercially available DPs containing one to three active pharmaceutical ingredients with different physicochemical properties. Only N-Nitrosodimethylamine was detected in DPs containing ranitidine at levels exceeding the regulatory AI limits by 37.6 - 57.4-fold. In addition, the robustness of the method was confirmed on a considerable number of DPs containing different active ingredients, demonstrating the suitability of the analytical method for routine quality control of different DPs, thus mitigate the risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taja Skube
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Roškar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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27
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Jawaharlal S, Subramanian S, Palanivel V, Devarajan G, Veerasamy V. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as promising carriers for active pharmaceutical ingredient. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23597. [PMID: 38037252 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective drug distribution at the intended or particular location is a critical issue that researchers are now dealing. Nanosponges have significantly increased in importance in medication delivery using nanotechnology in recent years. An important step toward solving these problems has been the development of nanosponges. Recently created and proposed for use in drug delivery, nanosponge is a unique type of hyper-crosslinked polymer-based colloidal structures made up of solid nanoparticles with colloidal carriers. Nanosponges are solid porous particles that may hold pharmaceuticals and other actives in their nanocavities. They can be made into dosage forms for oral, parenteral, topical, or inhalation use. The targeted distribution of drugs in a regulated manner is greatly aided by nanosponge. The utilization of nanosponges, their benefits, their production processes, the polymers they are made of, and their characterization have all been covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Jawaharlal
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Venkatesan Palanivel
- Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Geetha Devarajan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinothkumar Veerasamy
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Xie Y, Guan D, Deng Y, Sato Y, Luo Y, Chen G. Factors hindering the degradation of pharmaceuticals from human urine in an iron-activated persulfate system. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:130-148. [PMID: 37778790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation of clofibric acid (CFA), bezafibrate (BZF), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in synthetic human urine using a novel mesoporous iron powder-activated persulfate system (mFe-PS system), and identified the factors limiting their degradation in synthetic human urine. A kinetic model was established to expose the radical production in various reaction conditions, and experiments were conducted to verify the modeling results. In the phosphate-containing mFe-PS system, the 120 min removal efficiency of CFA decreased from 95.1% to 76.6% as the phosphate concentration increased from 0.32 to 6.45 mmol/L, but recovered to 90.5% when phosphate concentration increased to 16.10 mmol/L. Meanwhile, the increased concentration of phosphate from 0.32 to 16.10 mmol/L reduced the BZF degradation efficacy from 91.5% to 79.0%, whereas SMX removal improved from 37.3% to 62.9%. The mFe-PS system containing (bi)carbonate, from 4.20 to 166.70 mmol/L, reduced CFA and BZF removal efficiencies from 100% to 76.8% and 80.4%, respectively, and SMX from 83.5% to 56.7% within a 120-min reaction time. In addition, alkaline conditions (pH ≥ 8.0) inhibited CFA and BZF degradations, while nonacidic pH (pH ≥ 7.0) remarkably inhibited SMX degradation. Results of the kinetic model indicated the formation of phosphate (H2PO4·/HPO4·-) and/or carbonate radicals (CO3·-) could limit pharmaceutical removal. The transformation products (TPs) of the pharmaceuticals revealed more incompletely oxidized TPs occurred in the phosphate- and (bi)carbonate-containing mFe-PS systems, and indicated that H2PO4·/HPO4·- mainly degraded pharmaceuticals via a benzene ring-opening reaction while CO3·- preferentially oxidized pharmaceuticals via a hydroxylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiruiwen Xie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dao Guan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Yangfan Deng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yugo Sato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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29
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Kapoor DU, Singh S, Sharma P, Prajapati BG. Amorphization of Low Soluble Drug with Amino Acids to Improve Its Therapeutic Efficacy: a State-of-Art-Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:253. [PMID: 38062314 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Low aqueous solubility of drug candidates is an ongoing challenge and pharmaceutical manufacturers pay close attention to amorphization (AMORP) technology to improve the solubility of drugs that dissolve poorly. Amorphous drug typically exhibits much higher apparent solubility than their crystalline form due to high energy state that enable them to produce a supersaturated state in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby improve bioavailability. The stability and augmented solubility in co-amorphous (COA) formulations is influenced by molecular interactions. COA are excellent carriers-based drug delivery systems for biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II and class IV drugs. The three important critical quality attributes, such as co-formability, physical stability, and dissolution performance, are necessary to illustrate the COA systems. New amorphous-stabilized carriers-based fabrication techniques that improve drug loading and degree of AMORP have been the focus of emerging AMORP technology. Numerous low-molecular-weight compounds, particularly amino acids such as glutamic acid, arginine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, glycine, etc., have been employed as potential co-formers. The review focus on the prevailing drug AMORP strategies used in pharmaceutical research, including in situ AMORP, COA systems, and mesoporous particle-based methods. Moreover, brief characterization techniques and the application of the different amino acids in stabilization and solubility improvements have been related.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Office of Research Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Pratishtha Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Raffles University, Neemrana, Rajasthan, 301020, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, 384012, India.
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30
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Masuda-Herrera M, Rosen HT, Burild A, Broschard T, Bell T, Graham J, Griffin T, Hillegass J, Leavitt P, Huta B, Parris P, Bruen U, Cruz M, Bercu J. Harmonisation of read-across methodology for drug substance extractables and leachables (E&Ls). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 145:105494. [PMID: 37748702 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Health-based exposure limits (HBELs) are derived for leachables from polymeric components that interact with the drug substance which exceed a safety concern threshold (SCT). However, given the nature of leachables, there is not always chemical-specific toxicology data. Read-across methodology specific to extractables and leachables (E&Ls) was developed based on survey data collected from 11 pharmaceutical companies and methodology used in other industries. One additional challenge for E&L read-across is most toxicology data is from the oral route of administration, whereas the parenteral route is very common for the leachable HBEL derivation. A conservative framework was developed to estimate oral bioavailability and the corresponding oral to parenteral extrapolation factor using physical chemical data. When this conservative framework was tested against 73 compounds with oral bioavailability data, it was found that the predicted bioavailability based on physico-chemical properties was conservatively greater than or equal to the experimental bioavailability 79% of the time. In conclusion, an E&L read-across methodology has been developed to provide a consistent, health protective framework for deriving HBELs when toxicology data is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Masuda-Herrera
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology (NSP), Foster City, CA, 94404, USA.
| | - Hannah T Rosen
- University of California Berkeley, Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anders Burild
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Safety Sciences, Imaging and Data Management, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Thomas Broschard
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tyler Bell
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Graham
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Troy Griffin
- Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc., West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Jedd Hillegass
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Penny Leavitt
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Brian Huta
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Sandwich, UK
| | | | - Uma Bruen
- Organon, LLC., Jersey City, NJ, 07302, USA
| | - Maureen Cruz
- Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joel Bercu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Nonclinical Safety and Pathobiology (NSP), Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
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31
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Balenzano G, Racaniello GF, Arduino I, Lopedota AA, Lopalco A, Laquintana V, Denora N. Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular deep eutectic solvent (CycloDES): A vehicle for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123553. [PMID: 37884215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a new class of deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of a complexation agent, namely hydroxy-propyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), to exploit a synergic solubilization-enhancing approach. For this purpose, cyclodextrin-based supramolecular DES (CycloDES) were physical-chemical characterized and loaded with three different BCS class II model drugs, specifically Cannabidiol, Indomethacin, and Dexamethasone, evaluating the influence of different factors on the observed solubility and permeation compared with the only HPβCD/drug complexation. Hence, CycloDESs were presented as a possible vehicle for drugs and represent a novel potential approach for solving BCS class II and IV solubility issues, demonstrating at least a 100-fold improvement in the investigated drug solubilities. Furthermore, CycloDESs demonstrated a significantly improved resistance to dilution preserving a high percentage of drug in solution (i.e. 93% for Indomethacin) when water is added to the DES if compared with a glucose-choline chloride DES, used as a standard. This evidence guarantees the solubility-enhancing effect useful for the delivery of BCS class II and IV drugs converting solid raw material to advantageous liquid vehicles bypassing the rate-determining dissolution step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Balenzano
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Francesco Racaniello
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
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Zhang W, Jia W, Weitz BW, Ma F, Chen Y, Chiang PC, Hou HH, Nagapudi K. Comparative Evaluation of Particle Size Reduction, Salt Formation, and Amorphous Formulation on the Biopharmaceutical Performance of a Weak Base Drug Candidate. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5888-5900. [PMID: 37792707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Various approaches have been developed to enhance the solubility or dissolution rate for the delivery of poorly water-soluble molecules. In this work, guided by an in silico solubility sensitivity analysis for oral absorption, a comparative assessment of the biopharmaceutical performance of a jet-milled free base, a tosylate salt, and a 50:50 (w/w) amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) of a weak base drug candidate, GDC-3280, was conducted. Successful particle size reduction without amorphization or form change was confirmed for the jet-milled free base. The potential of solubility enhancement and desupersaturation risk were identified for tosylate salt and ASD formulation by measurements of tosylate salt solubility product constant (Ksp) and amorphous solubility of GDC-3280. In vitro dissolution testing demonstrated dissolution rate improvement for the jet-milled free base when compared with the unmilled free base and confirmed solubility enhancement followed by desupersaturation for GDC-3280 tosylate salt and ASD formulation. A crystallization inhibitor, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), was found to slow down the desupersaturation of tosylate salt solution, providing general insights for the development of pharmaceutical salts with disproportionation risks. Finally, a pharmacokinetic study in dogs showed that the in vivo exposure increased by 1.7- to 2-fold for the tosylate salt and ASD formulation compared with the jet-milled free base, consistent with the in silico solubility sensitivity analysis for the fraction of drug absorbed. Overall, this work provides insights into the evaluation of multiple formulation approaches for enhancing the biopharmaceutical performance of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Sterle Zorec B. Two-dimensional printing of nanoparticles as a promising therapeutic method for personalized drug administration. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:826-842. [PMID: 37788221 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2264920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The necessity for personalized patient treatment has drastically increased since the contribution of genes to the differences in physiological and metabolic state of individuals have been exposed. Different approaches have been considered so far in order to satisfy all of the diversities in patient needs, yet none of them have been fully implemented thus far. In this framework, various types of 2D printing technologies have been identified to offer some potential solutions for personalized medication, which development is increasing rapidly. Accurate drug-on-demand deposition, the possibility of consuming multiple drug substances in one product and adjusting individual drug concentration are just some of the few benefits over existing bulk pharmaceuticals manufacture, which printing technologies brings. With inclusion of nanotechnology by printing nanoparticles from its dispersions some further opportunities such as controlled and stimuli-responsive drug release or targeted and dose depending on drug delivery were highlighted. Yet, there are still some challenges to be solved before such products can reach the pharmaceutical market. In those terms mostly chemical, physical as well as microbiological stability concerns should be answered, with which 2D printing technology could meet the treatment needs of every individual and fulfill some existing drawbacks of large-scale batch production of pharmaceuticals we possess today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sterle Zorec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ru X, Zou Q, Lin C. Optimization of drug-target affinity prediction methods through feature processing schemes. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad615. [PMID: 37812388 PMCID: PMC10636279 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Numerous high-accuracy drug-target affinity (DTA) prediction models, whose performance is heavily reliant on the drug and target feature information, are developed at the expense of complexity and interpretability. Feature extraction and optimization constitute a critical step that significantly influences the enhancement of model performance, robustness, and interpretability. Many existing studies aim to comprehensively characterize drugs and targets by extracting features from multiple perspectives; however, this approach has drawbacks: (i) an abundance of redundant or noisy features; and (ii) the feature sets often suffer from high dimensionality. RESULTS In this study, to obtain a model with high accuracy and strong interpretability, we utilize various traditional and cutting-edge feature selection and dimensionality reduction techniques to process self-associated features and adjacent associated features. These optimized features are then fed into learning to rank to achieve efficient DTA prediction. Extensive experimental results on two commonly used datasets indicate that, among various feature optimization methods, the regression tree-based feature selection method is most beneficial for constructing models with good performance and strong robustness. Then, by utilizing Shapley Additive Explanations values and the incremental feature selection approach, we obtain that the high-quality feature subset consists of the top 150D features and the top 20D features have a breakthrough impact on the DTA prediction. In conclusion, our study thoroughly validates the importance of feature optimization in DTA prediction and serves as inspiration for constructing high-performance and high-interpretable models. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/RUXIAOQING964914140/FS_DTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ru
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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Fu H, Zhao C, Niu X, Zhang W. DRLM: A Robust Drug Representation Learning Method and its Applications. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2023; 20:3451-3460. [PMID: 36223356 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2022.3213979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Learning representations from data is a fundamental step for machine learning. High-quality and robust drug representations can broaden the understanding of pharmacology, and improve the modeling of multiple drug-related prediction tasks, which further facilitates drug development. Although there are a number of models developed for drug representation learning from various data sources, few researches extract drug representations from gene expression profiles. Since gene expression profiles of drug-treated cells are widely used in clinical diagnosis and therapy, it is believed that leveraging them to eliminate cell specificity can promote drug representation learning. In this paper, we propose a three-stage deep learning method for drug representation learning, named DRLM, which integrates gene expression profiles of drug-related cells and the therapeutic use information of drugs. Firstly, we construct a stacked autoencoder to learn low-dimensional compact drug representations. Secondly, we utilize an iterative clustering module to reduce the negative effects of cell specificity and noise in gene expression profiles on the low-dimensional drug representations. Thirdly, a therapeutic use discriminator is designed to incorporate therapeutic use information into the drug representations. The visualization analysis of drug representations demonstrates DRLM can reduce cell specificity and integrate therapeutic use information effectively. Extensive experiments on three types of prediction tasks are conducted based on different drug representations, and they show that the drug representations learned by DRLM outperform other representations in terms of most metrics. The ablation analysis also demonstrates DRLM's effectiveness of merging the gene expression profiles with the therapeutic use information.
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Zhang B, He J, Gao Y, Levy L, Oderinde MS, Palkowitz MD, Dhar TGM, Mandler MD, Collins MR, Schmitt DC, Bolduc PN, Chen T, Clementson S, Petersen NN, Laudadio G, Bi C, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Complex molecule synthesis by electrocatalytic decarboxylative cross-coupling. Nature 2023; 623:745-751. [PMID: 37788684 PMCID: PMC10754231 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Modern retrosynthetic analysis in organic chemistry is based on the principle of polar relationships between functional groups to guide the design of synthetic routes1. This method, termed polar retrosynthetic analysis, assigns partial positive (electrophilic) or negative (nucleophilic) charges to constituent functional groups in complex molecules followed by disconnecting bonds between opposing charges2-4. Although this approach forms the basis of undergraduate curriculum in organic chemistry5 and strategic applications of most synthetic methods6, the implementation often requires a long list of ancillary considerations to mitigate chemoselectivity and oxidation state issues involving protecting groups and precise reaction choreography3,4,7. Here we report a radical-based Ni/Ag-electrocatalytic cross-coupling of substituted carboxylic acids, thereby enabling an intuitive and modular approach to accessing complex molecular architectures. This new method relies on a key silver additive that forms an active Ag nanoparticle-coated electrode surface8,9 in situ along with carefully chosen ligands that modulate the reactivity of Ni. Through judicious choice of conditions and ligands, the cross-couplings can be rendered highly diastereoselective. To demonstrate the simplifying power of these reactions, concise syntheses of 14 natural products and two medicinally relevant molecules were completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benxiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiayan He
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Maximilian D Palkowitz
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T G Murali Dhar
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael D Mandler
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael R Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel C Schmitt
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Abstract
When searching for the ideal molecule to fill a particular functional role (for example, a medicine), the difference between success and failure can often come down to a single atom1. Replacing an aromatic carbon atom with a nitrogen atom would be enabling in the discovery of potential medicines2, but only indirect means exist to make such C-to-N transmutations, typically by parallel synthesis3. Here, we report a transformation that enables the direct conversion of a heteroaromatic carbon atom into a nitrogen atom, turning quinolines into quinazolines. Oxidative restructuring of the parent azaarene gives a ring-opened intermediate bearing electrophilic sites primed for ring reclosure and expulsion of a carbon-based leaving group. Such a 'sticky end' approach subverts existing atom insertion-deletion approaches and as a result avoids skeleton-rotation and substituent-perturbation pitfalls common in stepwise skeletal editing. We show a broad scope of quinolines and related azaarenes, all of which can be converted into the corresponding quinazolines by replacement of the C3 carbon with a nitrogen atom. Mechanistic experiments support the critical role of the activated intermediate and indicate a more general strategy for the development of C-to-N transmutation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Woo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Colin Stein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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38
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Yang W, Lipert M, Nofsinger R. Current screening, design, and delivery approaches to address low permeability of chemically synthesized modalities in drug discovery and early clinical development. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103685. [PMID: 37356613 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
A drug's permeability across biological membranes is a key property associated with the successful development of an orally absorbed drug candidate. Although a variety of methods are available for predicting and assessing permeability, some are more preferred than others at specific stages of drug discovery and development across the pharmaceutical industry. Permeability measurements may be interpreted differently depending on the chosen method. Herein, we present a refreshed perspective on the screening approaches and philosophy in permeability evaluation, from early drug discovery to early clinical development. Additionally, we review and discuss chemical design and drug delivery technologies that can be leveraged to overcome permeability challenges, which are increasingly being used with emerging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhan Yang
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA.
| | - Maya Lipert
- Molecular Profiling and Drug Delivery, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
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39
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Md Moshikur R, Goto M. Pharmaceutical Applications of Ionic Liquids: A Personal Account. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300026. [PMID: 37042429 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been extensively used in drug formulation and delivery as designer solvents and other components because of their inherent tunability and useful physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties. ILs can be used to manage some of the operational and functional challenges of drug delivery, including drug solubility, permeability, formulation instability, and in vivo systemic toxicity, that are associated with conventional organic solvents/agents. Furthermore, ILs have been recognized as potential solvents to address the polymorphism, limited solubility, poor permeability, instability, and low bioavailability of crystalline drugs. In this account, we discuss the technological progress and strategies toward designing biocompatible ILs and explore potential biomedical applications, namely the solubilization of small and macromolecular drugs, the creation of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and the delivery of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Md Moshikur
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Center, Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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40
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Christensen KM, Skjøt-Arkil H, Kjeldsen LJ, Kampmann JD. The lack of transparency regarding the phosphate content of drugs. Int J Clin Pharm 2023; 45:1019-1021. [PMID: 37219676 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maersk Christensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sydvang 1, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Helene Skjøt-Arkil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Kjeldsen
- Hospital Pharmacy Research Unit, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Dominik Kampmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Southern Jutland, Sydvang 1, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark.
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark.
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Shao X, Meng C, Song W, Zhang T, Chen Q. Subcellular visualization: Organelle-specific targeted drug delivery and discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114977. [PMID: 37391014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Organelles perform critical biological functions due to their distinct molecular composition and internal environment. Disorders in organelles or their interacting networks have been linked to the incidence of numerous diseases, and the research of pharmacological actions at the organelle level has sparked pharmacists' interest. Currently, cell imaging has evolved into a critical tool for drug delivery, drug discovery, and pharmacological research. The introduction of advanced imaging techniques in recent years has provided researchers with richer biological information for viewing and studying the ultrastructure of organelles, protein interactions, and gene transcription activities, leading to the design and delivery of precision-targeted drugs. Therefore, this reviews the research on organelles-targeted drugs based upon imaging technologies and development of fluorescent molecules for medicinal purposes. We also give a thorough analysis of a number of subcellular-level elements of drug development, including subcellular research instruments and methods, organelle biological event investigation, subcellular target and drug identification, and design of subcellular delivery systems. This review will make it possible to promote drug research from the individual/cellular level to the subcellular level, as well as give a new focus based on newly found organelle activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Caicai Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Wenjing Song
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, PR China
| | - Qixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
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Qi Y, Jin M, Li Q, Wu Q, Liao Z, Wei M, Fan X, Yang Q, Tian X, Giuseppe B, Luo L. Chitooligosaccharide reconstitutes intestinal mucus layer to improve oral absorption of water-soluble drugs. J Control Release 2023; 360:831-841. [PMID: 37481213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucus is a complex natural hydrogel barrier with unique physical properties that impede the absorption of various oral drugs. Both washout from the upper water layer and the physical resistance of the mucus layer particularly affect bioavailability of, especially, highly water-soluble molecules. One potential strategy for designing pharmaceutical formulations is to add absorption enhancers (AEs). However, there are few reports of AEs that work on mucus and their underlying mechanisms, leading to imprecise application. In this study, we investigated chitooligosaccharide (COS) as a safe, low-cost, and effective oral drug AE. We revealed the hydrodynamic law of interaction between COS and the intestinal mucus layer, which was associated with absorption benefiting mucus structural reconstruction. Based on this, we designed a translational strategy to improve the bioavailability of a group of soluble oral drugs by drinking COS solution before administration. Moreover, this research is expected to expand its application scenario by reducing drug dosage such as avoiding gastro-intestinal irritation and slowing veterinary antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiqian Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Menghao Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qianzhan Yang
- Analytical Instruments Department, Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd. Chongqing Branch, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Battaglia Giuseppe
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1H0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Chambers RK, Weaver JD, Kim J, Hoar JL, Krska SW, White MC. A preparative small-molecule mimic of liver CYP450 enzymes in the aliphatic C-H oxidation of carbocyclic N-heterocycles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300315120. [PMID: 37428920 PMCID: PMC10629554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300315120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging trend in small-molecule pharmaceuticals, generally composed of nitrogen heterocycles (N-heterocycles), is the incorporation of aliphatic fragments. Derivatization of the aliphatic fragments to improve drug properties or identify metabolites often requires lengthy de novo syntheses. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are capable of direct site- and chemo-selective oxidation of a broad range of substrates but are not preparative. A chemoinformatic analysis underscored limited structural diversity of N-heterocyclic substrates oxidized using chemical methods relative to pharmaceutical chemical space. Here, we describe a preparative chemical method for direct aliphatic oxidation that tolerates a wide range of nitrogen functionality (chemoselective) and matches the site of oxidation (site-selective) of liver CYP450 enzymes. Commercial small-molecule catalyst Mn(CF3-PDP) selectively effects direct methylene oxidation in compounds bearing 25 distinct heterocycles including 14 out of 27 of the most frequent N-heterocycles found in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Mn(CF3-PDP) oxidations of carbocyclic bioisostere drug candidates (for example, HCV NS5B and COX-2 inhibitors including valdecoxib and celecoxib derivatives) and precursors of antipsychotic drugs blonanserin, buspirone, and tiospirone and the fungicide penconazole are demonstrated to match the major site of aliphatic metabolism obtained with liver microsomes. Oxidations are demonstrated at low Mn(CF3-PDP) loadings (2.5 to 5 mol%) on gram scales of substrate to furnish preparative amounts of oxidized products. A chemoinformatic analysis supports that Mn(CF3-PDP) significantly expands the pharmaceutical chemical space accessible to small-molecule C-H oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Jacob D. Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Jason L. Hoar
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ07065
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ07065
| | - M. Christina White
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL61801
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Xia Q, Shen J, Ding H, Liu S, Li F, Li F, Feng N. Intravenous nanocrystals: fabrication, solidification, in vivo fate, and applications for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1467-1488. [PMID: 37814582 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2268512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravenous nanocrystals (INCs) have shown intrinsic advantages in antitumor applications, particularly their properties of high drug loading, low toxicity, and controllable size. Therefore, it has a very bright application prospect as a drug delivery system. AREAS COVERED The ideal formulation design principles, fabrication, solidification, in vivo fate of INCs, the applications in drug delivery system (DDS) and the novel applications are covered in this review. EXPERT OPINION It is vital to select a suitable formulation and fabrication method to produce a stable and sterile INCs. Besides, the type of stabilizers and physical characteristics can also influence the in vivo fate of INCs, which is worthy of further studying. Based on wide researches about applications of INCs in cancer, biomimetic INCs are concerned increasingly for its favorable compatibility. The output of these studies suggested that INCs-based drug delivery could be a novel strategy for addressing the delivery of the drug that faces solubility, bioavailability, and toxicity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huining Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tian Y, Shi Z, Ma H. Research progress on the preparation and application of flavonoid nanocrystals. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:338-348. [PMID: 37476945 PMCID: PMC10409920 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been reported to possess significant pharmacological activities,such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. However, the low solubility and low bioavailability limits their clinical application. Nanocrystal technology can solve the delivery problems of flavonoids by reducing particle size, increasing the solubility of insoluble drugs and improving their bioavailability. This article summaries nanosuspension preparation methods and the stabilizers for flavonoid nanocrystals, and reviews the drug delivery routes including oral, Injection and transdermal of flavonoid nanocrystals, to provide information for further research on nanocrystal delivery system of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhiqun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Mansour RSH, Al Khawaja AY, Hamdan II, Khalil EA. IR microspectroscopic investigation of the interaction of some losartan salts with human stratum corneum protein and its effect on losartan transdermal permeation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287267. [PMID: 37319232 PMCID: PMC10270334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of pharmacologically active drugs with SC biochemical components is underestimated in pharmaceutical research. The aim of this research was to illustrate that some drugs intended for transdermal delivery could interact with the protein component of SC. Such interactions could be in favor of or opposition to their percutaneous absorption. IR microspectroscopy was used to delineate possible interaction of SC keratin with three losartan salts LOS-K, LOS-DEA and LOS-AML salts in addition to AML-BES salt. The results of PCA, combined with comparisons of average second derivative spectra of SC samples treated with these salts and the control SC, showed that LOS-DEA did not interact with SC, thus providing base line permeation of losartan. AML-BES, LOS-AML and LOS-K salts modified the conformational structure of keratin. The disorganization effect on the α-helical structure and induced formation of parallel β-sheets and random coils were in the order of AML-BES˃LOS-AML˃LOS-K. The order of the impact of treatments which resulted in increased formation of β-turns was AML-BES˃LOS-AML. The formation of antiparallel β-sheets was manifested by LOS-AML. Thus, the overall effect of these salts on the SC protein was AML-BES˃LOS-AML˃LOS-K. The impact of LOS-K was associated with improved permeation whereas the impact of LOS-AML was associated with hindered permeation of both losartan and amlodipine. There is a possibility that losartan and amlodipine when present in combination inside SC, their binding to the protein is enhanced leading to being retained within SC.
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Chandra Mouli HM, Vinod A, Kumari S, Tiwari AK, Kathiravan MK, Ravichandiran V, Peraman R. Deuterated driven new chemical entities: An optimistic way to improve therapeutic efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106490. [PMID: 37001472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In organic chemistry, the use of deuterium exchange as a tool to study the mechanism of chemical reaction has been well explored. Since two decades, the research focus on deuterated bioactive molecules has been gaining attention for investigating the therapeutic potential of deuterium replacement in a chemical structure. Recently, Food Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first deuterium-labeled drug "deutetrabenazine", and notified the deuterated drugs as new chemical entities (NCEs). Henceforth, the deuterium substitution driven structure activity relationship, preclinical pharmacokinetics, and toxicity studies were much initiated. Deuteration of a bioactive molecule often results in improved therapeutic efficacy due to the altered pharmacokinetic profile. This review provides a conceptual framework on the importance of deuterium atom in chemical structure of a drug, and its biological value in improved physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, biological target interaction, diagnosis, and toxicity. In addition, this review concisely updated the recent deuteration methods, chemical stability, challenges in drug development, deuterium-based imaging in diagnosis, and selected synthetic scheme of deuterated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Chandra Mouli
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Adithya Vinod
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, OH 43614, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, OH 43614, United States
| | - M K Kathiravan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Ramalingam Peraman
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India.
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Munnangi SR, Youssef AAA, Narala N, Lakkala P, Narala S, Vemula SK, Repka M. Drug complexes: Perspective from Academic Research and Pharmaceutical Market. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1519-1540. [PMID: 37138135 PMCID: PMC10156076 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous research efforts, drug delivery through the oral route remains a major challenge to formulation scientists. The oral delivery of drugs poses a significant challenge because more than 40% of new chemical entities are practically insoluble in water. Low aqueous solubility is the main problem encountered during the formulation development of new actives and for generic development. A complexation approach has been widely investigated to address this issue, which subsequently improves the bioavailability of these drugs. This review discusses the various types of complexes such as metal complex (drug-metal ion), organic molecules (drug-caffeine or drug-hydrophilic polymer), inclusion complex (drug-cyclodextrin), and pharmacosomes (drug-phospholipids) that improves the aqueous solubility, dissolution, and permeability of the drug along with the numerous case studies reported in the literature. Besides improving solubility, drug-complexation provides versatile functions like improving stability, reducing the toxicity of drugs, increasing or decreasing the dissolution rate, and enhancing bioavailability and biodistribution. Apart, various methods to predict the stoichiometric ratio of reactants and the stability of the developed complex are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
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Abdelquader MM, Li S, Andrews GP, Jones DS. Therapeutic Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Comprehensive Review of Their Thermodynamics, Microstructure and Drug Delivery Applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 186:85-104. [PMID: 36907368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are multicomponent liquids that are usually formed by coupling a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor leading to strong non-covalent (NC) intermolecular networking and profound depression in the melting point of the system. Pharmaceutically, this phenomenon has been exploited to improve drugs' physicochemical properties, with an established DES therapeutic subcategory, therapeutic deep eutectic solvents (THEDES). THEDES preparation is usually via straightforward synthetic processes with little involvement of sophisticated techniques, which, in addition to its thermodynamic stability, make these multi-component molecular adducts a very attractive alternative for drug enabling purposes. Other NC bonded binary systems (e.g., co-crystals and ionic liquids) are utilized in the pharmaceutical field for enhancing drug's behaviours. However, a clear distinction between these systems and THEDES is scarcely discussed in the current literature. Accordingly, this review provides a structure-based categorization for DES formers, a discussion of its thermodynamic properties and phase behaviour, and it clarifies the physicochemical and microstructure boundaries between DES and other NC systems. Additionally, a summary of its preparation techniques and their experimental conditions preparation is supplied. Instrumental analysis techniques can be used to characterize and differentiate DES from other NC mixtures, hence this review draws a road map to for this purpose. Since this work mainly focuses on pharmaceutical applications of DES, all types of THEDES including the highly discussed types (conventional, drugs dissolved in DES and polymer based) in addition to the less discussed categories are covered. Finally, the regulatory status of THEDES was investigated despite the current unclear situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy M Abdelquader
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanat, Egypt.
| | - Shu Li
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - David S Jones
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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50
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Sun GQ, Yu P, Zhang W, Zhang W, Wang Y, Liao LL, Zhang Z, Li L, Lu Z, Yu DG, Lin S. Electrochemical reactor dictates site selectivity in N-heteroarene carboxylations. Nature 2023; 615:67-72. [PMID: 36603811 PMCID: PMC10036166 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyridines and related N-heteroarenes are commonly found in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other biologically active compounds1,2. Site-selective C-H functionalization would provide a direct way of making these medicinally active products3-5. For example, nicotinic acid derivatives could be made by C-H carboxylation, but this remains an elusive transformation6-8. Here we describe the development of an electrochemical strategy for the direct carboxylation of pyridines using CO2. The choice of the electrolysis setup gives rise to divergent site selectivity: a divided electrochemical cell leads to C5 carboxylation, whereas an undivided cell promotes C4 carboxylation. The undivided-cell reaction is proposed to operate through a paired-electrolysis mechanism9,10, in which both cathodic and anodic events play critical roles in altering the site selectivity. Specifically, anodically generated iodine preferentially reacts with a key radical anion intermediate in the C4-carboxylation pathway through hydrogen-atom transfer, thus diverting the reaction selectivity by means of the Curtin-Hammett principle11. The scope of the transformation was expanded to a wide range of N-heteroarenes, including bipyridines and terpyridines, pyrimidines, pyrazines and quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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