1
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Wang J, Li J, Zhong L. Current status and prospect of anti-amyloid fibril therapy in AL amyloidosis. Blood Rev 2024:101207. [PMID: 38692939 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare hematological disease that produces abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains to form amyloid fibrils that are deposited in tissues, resulting in organ damage and dysfunction. Advanced AL amyloidosis has a very poor prognosis with a high risk of early mortality. The combination of anti-plasma cell therapy and amyloid fibrils clearance is the optimal treatment strategy, which takes into account both symptoms and root causes. However, research on anti-amyloid fibrils lags far behind research on anti-plasma cells, and there is currently no approved treatment that could clear amyloid fibrils. Nevertheless, anti-amyloid fibril therapies are being actively investigated recently and have shown potential in clinical trials. In this review, we aim to outline the preclinical work and clinical efficacy of fibril-directed therapies for AL amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Liye Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Lu J, Xu J, Zhu S, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang W, Chen K. Study on mechanism of cellulose nanocrystals on hydrophobic phthalocyanine green in aqueous phase. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121505. [PMID: 37985093 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine green is a hydrophobic pigment with excellent properties, which is usually dispersed in the organic phase. However, most organic phases are volatile and harmful to the environment and organisms. Therefore, phthalocyanine green dispersed in the aqueous phase has development potential. In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were used as dispersant and stabilizer to disperse phthalocyanine green in the aqueous phase. Phthalocyanine green was added to CNCs colloid to prepare phthalocyanine green suspensions with good dispersibility and stability. The particle size, zeta potential, absorbance and microstructure of the phthalocyanine green suspensions were tested and analyzed. The results showed that CNCs had good dispersibility and stability to phthalocyanine green due to charge repulsion and steric hindrance. The phthalocyanine green suspensions were nano-sized and had well compatibility with different types of coating forming substances. The coatings of the mixture had good water resistance, adhesion and mechanical properties. The suspensions had the application property and could be mixed with coating forming substances to prepare coating materials. As a renewable and easily degraded biomass resource, CNCs are expected to become a new dispersant and stabilizer for pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Lu
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China; Qingyan Huayan New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511500, China.
| | - Shiyun Zhu
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ziyong Zhou
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Li
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shandong Sun Paper Industry Joint Stock, Jining 272100, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Conesa MPB, Blixt FW, Peesh P, Khan R, Korf J, Lee J, Jagadeesan G, Andersohn A, Das TK, Tan C, Di Gesu C, Colpo GD, Moruno-Manchón JF, McCullough LD, Bryan R, Ganesh BP. Stabilizing histamine release in gut mast cells mitigates peripheral and central inflammation after stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:230. [PMID: 37805585 PMCID: PMC10560441 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of long-term disability and places a high economic burden on the global healthcare system. Functional outcomes from stroke are largely determined by the extent of ischemic injury, however, there is growing recognition that systemic inflammatory responses also contribute to outcomes. Mast cells (MCs) rapidly respond to injury and release histamine (HA), a pro-inflammatory neurotransmitter that enhances inflammation. The gut serves as a major reservoir of HA. We hypothesized that cromolyn, a mast cell stabilizer that prevents the release of inflammatory mediators, would decrease peripheral and central inflammation, reduce MC trafficking to the brain, and improve stroke outcomes. We used the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke in aged (18 mo) male mice to investigate the role of MC in neuroinflammation post-stroke. After MCAO we treated mice with 25 mg/kg body weight of cromolyn (MC stabilizer) by oral gavage. Cromolyn was administered at 3 h, 10 h, 24 h and every 24 h for 3 days post-stroke. Three control groups were used. One group underwent a sham surgery and was treated with cromolyn, one received sham surgery with PBS vehicle and the third underwent MCAO with PBS vehicle. Mice were euthanized at 24 h and 3 days post-stroke. Cromolyn administration significantly reduced MC numbers in the brain at both 24 h and 3 days post-stroke. Infarct volume was not significantly different between groups, however improved functional outcomes were seen at 3 days post-stroke in mice that received cromolyn. Treatment with cromolyn reduced plasma histamine and IL-6 levels in both the 24-h and 3-day cohorts. Gut MCs numbers were significantly reduced after cromolyn treatment at 24 h and 3 days after stroke. To determine if MC trafficking from the gut to the brain occurred after injury, GFP+MCs were adoptively transferred to c-kit-/- MC knock-out animals prior to MCAO. 24 h after stroke, elevated MC recruitment was seen in the ischemic brain. Preventing MC histamine release by cromolyn improved gut barrier integrity and an improvement in stroke-induced dysbiosis was seen with treatment. Our results show that preventing MC histamine release possesses prevents post-stroke neuroinflammation and improves neurological and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Blasco Conesa
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frank W Blixt
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pedram Peesh
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Romeesa Khan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Janelle Korf
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gayathri Jagadeesan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Andersohn
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tushar K Das
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudia Di Gesu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gabriela Delevati Colpo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhanu P Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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4
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Sumaya MU, Maria KH, Toma F, Zubair M, Chowdhury M. Effect of stabilizer content in different solvents on the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using the chemical precipitation method. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20871. [PMID: 37867854 PMCID: PMC10585300 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by a simple chemical precipitation method. The effect of monoethanolamine (MEA) content in different solvents on ZnO NPs synthesis and their structural properties has been investigated. The NPs synthesized by using isopropanol (IPA) with 15 ml MEA as a stabilizer under the most favorable conditions (deposition time, td = 120 min, temperature = 60 °C) showed good structural properties. Synthesized NPs exhibited beneficial structural properties after annealing. The hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of ZnO NPs was verified by XRD. Different models were used to calculate structural parameters such as crystallite size, strain, stress, and energy density for all the reflection peaks of XRD corresponding to ZnO lying in the range 2θ = 15⁰-80⁰. The crystallite size of the ZnO nanoparticles was found to be 50-60 nm. FTIR and EDX confirmed the presence of ZnO NPs in the samples. SEM micrograph of all the samples revealed that the grain sizes decrease gradually with the increase of the amount of MEA. UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy results provide evidence that the ZnO NPs possess broader absorption bands, together with high band gap energy. The ZnO NPs synthesized with IPA solvent have the highest transmittance and band gap energy of 3.3eV. According to DLS data, various content of MEA stabilizer in solvent affects the hydrodynamic size of ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F.T.Z. Toma
- Experimental Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M.A. Zubair
- Department of Nanomaterials and Ceramic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M.T. Chowdhury
- Institute of Energy Science, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, P.O Box 3787, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
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5
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Song MK, Baek YW, Kim DI, Yoon SH, Lee K. Effects of stabilizer magnesium nirate on CMIT/MIT-induced respiratory toxicity. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:373-382. [PMID: 37398574 PMCID: PMC10313627 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a humidifier disinfectant (HD) product containing chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) with approximately 22% magnesium nitrate as a stabilizer, no report on the effects of magnesium nitrate on the respiratory toxicity of CMIT/MIT is available. In this study, Kathon CG and Proclin 200, containing approximately 1.5% CMIT/MIT with different magnesium nitrate concentrations (22.6% and 3%, respectively), were used to compare respiratory effects after intratracheal instillation (ITI) in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomized into groups of saline control, magnesium nitrate, Kathon CG, and Proclin 200 with 1.14 mg/kg of CMIT/MIT as the active ingredient, and administration was performed 6 times in a 2-3 day-interval in 2 weeks in all groups. Differential cell count analysis, cytokine analysis, and histological analysis of lung tissue were performed to characterize the injury features. Both Kathon and Proclin 200 induced an increase in inflammatory cell levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, in particular, eosinophils and type 2 T helper cell (Th2)-secreted cytokines. All histopathological changes including granulomatous inflammation, mixed inflammatory cell infiltration, mucous cell hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, and pulmonary fibrosis were induced with similar frequency and severity in Kathon CG and Proclin 200 groups. Our results suggested that magnesium nitrate did not affect CMIT/MIT-induced lung injury in the intratracheally instilled model. Further inhalation studies are needed to determine the distribution and toxicity differences of CMIT/MIT in the lungs according to the magnesium nitrate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Song
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-Gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212 Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Baek
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-Ro 42, Seogu, Incheon, 22689 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Im Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-Gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212 Republic of Korea
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Yoon
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-Gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212 Republic of Korea
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak1-Gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212 Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
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6
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Tian Y, Shi Z, Ma H. Research progress on the preparation and application of flavonoid nanocrystals. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:338-348. [PMID: 37476945 PMCID: PMC10409920 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been reported to possess significant pharmacological activities,such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. However, the low solubility and low bioavailability limits their clinical application. Nanocrystal technology can solve the delivery problems of flavonoids by reducing particle size, increasing the solubility of insoluble drugs and improving their bioavailability. This article summaries nanosuspension preparation methods and the stabilizers for flavonoid nanocrystals, and reviews the drug delivery routes including oral, Injection and transdermal of flavonoid nanocrystals, to provide information for further research on nanocrystal delivery system of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhiqun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Mizuguchi M, Yokoyama T, Okada T, Nakagawa Y, Fujii K, Nabeshima Y, Toyooka N. Benziodarone and 6-hydroxybenziodarone are potent and selective inhibitors of transthyretin amyloidogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117370. [PMID: 37311373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloidosis is a progressive systemic disorder that is caused by the amyloid deposition of transthyretin in various organs. Stabilization of the native transthyretin is an effective strategy for the treatment of transthyretin amyloidosis. In this study we demonstrate that the clinically used uricosuric agent benziodarone is highly effective to stabilize the tetrameric structure of transthyretin. An acid-induced aggregation assay showed that benziodarone had strong inhibitory activity similar to that of tafamidis, which is currently used as a therapeutic agent for transthyretin amyloidosis. Moreover, a possible metabolite, 6-hydroxybenziodarone, retained the strong amyloid inhibitory activity of benziodarone. An ex vivo competitive binding assay using a fluorogenic probe showed that benziodarone and 6-hydroxybenziodarone were highly potent for selective binding to transthyretin in human plasma. An X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that the halogenated hydroxyphenyl ring was located at the entrance of the thyroxine binding channel of transthyretin and that the benzofuran ring was located in the inner channel. These studies suggest that benziodarone and 6-hydroxybenziodarone would potentially be effective against transthyretin amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kanako Fujii
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuko Nabeshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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8
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Arab M, Yousefi M, Khanniri E, Azari M, Ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi V, Mollakhalili-Meybodi N. A comprehensive review on yogurt syneresis: effect of processing conditions and added additives. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:1656-1665. [PMID: 37187980 PMCID: PMC10169984 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Yogurt, produced by the lactic fermentation of milk base, is an important dairy product worldwide. One of the essential sensory properties of yogurt is the texture, and some textural defects such as weak gel firmness and syneresis likely occur in various types of yogurts, affecting consumer acceptance. In this regard, various strategies such as enrichment of milk-based with different additives and ingredients such as protein-based components (skimmed milk powder (SMP), whey protein-based powders (WP), casein-based powders (CP), and suitable stabilizers, as well as modification of processing conditions (homogenization, fermentation, and cooling), can be applied in order to reduce syneresis. The most effective proteins and stabilizers in syneresis reduction are CP and gelatin, respectively. Furthermore, yogurt's water holding capacity and syneresis can be affected by the type of starter cultures, the protolithic activity, production of extracellular polysaccharides, and inoculation rate. Moreover, optimizing the heat treatment process (85 °C/30 min and 95 °C/5 min), homogenization (single or dual-stage), incubation temperature (around 40 °C), and two-step cooling process can decrease yogurt syneresis. This review is aimed to investigate the effect of fortification of the milk base with various additives and optimization of process conditions on improving texture and preventing syneresis in yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Arab
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Elham Khanniri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 65176-19654, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Neda Mollakhalili-Meybodi
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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9
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Noda T, Matsuda M, Suzuki H, Okawa Y, Mitani M. Effective Blocking and Stabilizing Methods Using Synthetic Polymer on ELISA. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2612:59-71. [PMID: 36795359 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2903-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In ELISA, blocking reagents and stabilizers are important to improve the sensitivity and/or quantitative nature of the measurement system. Usually, biological substances such as bovine serum albumin and casein are used, but they still have problems such as lot-to-lot differences and biohazard. Here, we describe the methods using a chemically synthesized polymer, BIOLIPIDURE®, as a new blocking agent and stabilizer that can solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomozumi Noda
- NOF CORPORATION, Life Science Products Division, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsuda
- NOF CORPORATION, Life Science Products Division, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Suzuki
- NOF CORPORATION, Life Science Products Division, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okawa
- NOF CORPORATION, Life Science Products Division, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Mitani
- NOF CORPORATION, Life Science Products Division, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Li F, Yang B, Yang F, Wu J, Chen J, Song S, Jia J. Stabilization mechanism of Pb with an amino- and mercapto-polymer to assist phytoremediation. J Hazard Mater 2023; 442:130139. [PMID: 36303361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An important concern during phytoremediation of heavy metal contamination in soils is the risk of leaching of heavy metals before they can be taken up by plants. The most effective method is to use heavy metal stabilizers. However, the stabilization without selectivity will greatly inhibit the phytoremediation effect of all heavy metals. A novel polymer with amino and mercapto groups named as AMP has been prepared as a new exclusive soil stabilizer for Pb. The adsorption of AMP toward Pb belonged to a monolayer adsorption and chemical process. The adsorption capacity of Pb increased with the increase of pH and initial Pb concentration, and obeyed the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model, respectively. An amazing maximum adsorption capacity of 588 mg Pb g-1 was reached for AMP when initial concentration was 300 mg Pb L-1, while K2 of 0.594 g mg-1 min-1 was obtained when the initial Pb concentration was 2.0 mg L-1. The distribution coefficient of AMP to Pb in the mixture of five heavy metals was as high as 3110 mL g-1, which was at least 7-fold greater than those of other heavy metals, exhibiting high selective to Pb. AMP showed a fast, large adsorption capacity and good selectivity due to the abundance of sulfhydryl and amino functional groups in the polymer and their interaction with metal ions. The effects of AMP in soil remediation were further tested by a soil column leaching experiment and a pot experiment, and the good stabilization effect of AMP on Pb and the less effect on bioavailability of other heavy metals at recommended doses were verified. This study was expected to solve the problem of leaching risk of the target metal such as Pb in sludge during land use. It provided a new idea of exclusive stabilization to assist phytoremediation of non-target heavy metals by reducing the leaching risk of some special target metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Boxuan Yang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
| | - Jianhong Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
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11
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Arrua EC, Hartwig O, Loretz B, Goicoechea H, Murgia X, Lehr CM, Salomon CJ. Improving the oral delivery of benznidazole nanoparticles by optimizing the formulation parameters through a design of experiment and optimization strategy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112678. [PMID: 35816885 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease affecting the American continent and also some regions of Europe. Benznidazole, approved by FDA, is a drug of choice but its poor aqueous solubility may lead to a low bioavailability and efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to formulate nanoparticles of benznidazole for improving its solubility, dissolution and permeability. A Plackett-Burman design was applied to identify the effect of 5 factors over 4 responses. Then, a Central Composite design was applied to estimate the values of the most important factors leading to the best compromise between highest nanoprecipitation efficiency, drug solubility and lower particle size. The optimized nanoparticles were evaluated for in vitro drug release in biorelevant media, stability studies and transmission electron microscopy. Biocompatibility and permeability of nanoparticles were evaluated on the Caco-2 cell line. The findings of the optimization process indicated that concentration of drug and stabilizer influenced significantly the particle size while concentration of stabilizer and organic/water phase volume ratio mainly influenced the drug solubility. Stability studies suggested that benznidazole nanoparticles were stable after 12 months at different temperatures. Minimal interactions of those nanoparticles and mucin glycoproteins suggested favorable properties to address the intestinal mucus barrier. Cell viability studies confirmed the safety profile of the optimized formulation and showed an increased permeation through the Caco-2 cells. Thus, this study confirmed the suitability of the design of experiment and optimization approach to elucidate critical parameters influencing the quality of benznidazole nanoparticles, which could lead to a more efficient management of Chagas disease by oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Arrua
- Instituto de Química de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Olga Hartwig
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Héctor Goicoechea
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Xabier Murgia
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claudio J Salomon
- Instituto de Química de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina; Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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12
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Liu C, Pan H, Hu H, Wei W, Lu Q, Zhao C, Wang H, Du F. Vanadium carbide MXene: as a reductant for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its biosensing application. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1173-1181. [PMID: 35732978 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium carbide MXene (V2C) acts as a new type of two-dimensional (2D) graphene-like transition metal material that has attracted research interest. V2C has been widely used in various fields due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. Herein, the self-assembled V2C@gold nanoparticles (V2C@AuNPs) are prepared by water bath process at 80 °C. With the addition of glutathione (GSH), the absorbance (Abs.) at 550 nm of V2C@AuNPs was decreased. Therefore, an optical sensor is developed to detect GSH based on the properties of V2C@AuNPs. Under the optimal conditions, the detection range is 1-32 µM and the detection limit is 0.099 µM. Furthermore, the proposed GSH sensor exhibits high sensitivity, high selectivity, strong stability, and excellent recovery. The work will expand the application of V2C in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Hong Pan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Haoyun Hu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Qiujun Lu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China.
| | - Fuyou Du
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China.
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13
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Hou J, Li Y, Ci H, Miao L, You G, Wu J, Xu Y. Influence of aggregation and sedimentation behavior of bare and modified zero-valent-iron nanoparticles on the Cr(VI) removal under various groundwater chemistry conditions. Chemosphere 2022; 296:133905. [PMID: 35149009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation behaviors of bare, and sodium polyacrylate (PAA) and starch modified zero-valent-iron nanoparticles (nZVI), as well as their effects on the Cr (VI) removal were investigated by simulating the groundwater. Results showed that increased concentration of PAA (1-6 wt%) and starch (0.1-0.6 wt%) alleviated the aggregation of modified nZVI (abbreviated as P-nZVI and S-nZVI), while there was an optimum dosage of 4 wt% PAA and 0.3 wt% starch for the Cr (VI) removal, respectively. Moreover, as one of the fundamental water chemistry parameters, Ca2+ (0, 5, and 10 mg L-1) greatly promoted the aggregation of modified nZVI, and decreased the Cr (VI) removal efficiency by them via forming bidentate bridging structure (between Ca2+ and PAA) or complexes (between Ca2+ and starch). Additionally, fulvic acid (FA) (0, 2, 5, and 10 mg L-1) decreased the Cr (VI) removal by P-nZVI because of the significantly improved electronic repulsion. However, FA enhanced the aggregation of S-nZVI, but diminished its performance on Cr (VI) removal due to the bridging effect between FA and starch. The present study was of great importance in predicting the migration of nZVI and contaminants removal under complex geological conditions in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Hanlin Ci
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Guoxiang You
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
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14
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Prajapati H, Serajuddin ATM. Development of Fully Redispersible Dried Nanocrystals by Using Sucrose Laurate as Stabilizer for Increasing Surface Area and Dissolution Rate of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:780-793. [PMID: 34673097 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is much interest in converting poorly water-soluble drugs into nanocrystals as they provide extremely high surface area that increases dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. However, nanocrystals are prepared as aqueous suspensions, and once the suspensions are dried for development of solid dosage forms, the nanocrystals agglomerate as large particles to reduce the excess surface energy. For successful development of drug products, it is essential that any agglomeration is reversible, and the dried nanocrystals regain original particle sizes after redispersion in aqueous media. We have established that sucrose laurate serves as a superb stabilizer to ensure complete redispersion of dried nanocrystals in aqueous media with mild agitation. Nanocrystals (150-300 nm) of three neutral drugs (fenofibrate, danazol and probucol) were produced with sucrose laurate by media milling, and suspensions were dried by tray drying under vacuum, spray drying, and lyophilization. Dried solids and their tablets redispersed into original particle sizes spontaneously. Preliminary studies showed that sucrose laurate can also redisperse acidic and basic drugs, indicating its versatile application. Fatty acid ester of another disaccharide, lactose laurate, also performed like sucrose laurate. Thus, we have developed a method of retaining high dissolution rate and, by implication, high bioavailability of nanocrystals from solid formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal Prajapati
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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15
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Guktur RE, Nep EI, Asala O, Olorunfemi PO, Ngwuluka NC, Ochekpe NA, Sagay AS. Carboxymethylated and acetylated xerogel derivatives of Plectranthus esculentus starch protect Newcastle disease vaccines against cold chain failure. Vaccine 2021; 39:4871-4884. [PMID: 34253418 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Developing vaccine stabilizers from local natural sources is desirable especially if the stabilizer would enhance the ability of the antigen to withstand frequent failures in cold chains. The study was undertaken to formulate immunogenic live Newcastle Disease (ND) LaSota vaccines stabilized with modified native starches for use at cold and ambient temperatures and to assess the immunogenicity of the starch stabilized vaccines in vaccinated chickens. Native starch extracted from the tubers of Plectranthus esculentus (Family, Lamiaceae) was modified by carboxymethylation and acetylation/xerogel formation and used as vaccine stabilizers of ND LaSota virus with/without buffers/bulking excipients. Cold Chain Failure (CCF) was simulated by storing the vaccines at 5 ± 2 °C for one month then at 37 ± 1 °C for 96 h. The stability of the samples were evaluated in comparison with peptone stabilized ND vaccines using pH, residual moisture, XRD, reconstitution time, mean embryo infective dose (EID50) and haemagglutination (HA) tests. Haemagglutination inhibition was used to evaluate the efficacy of the vaccines in conferring positive serum antibody titers (≥23 log2) in vaccine-naïve 2-week old broilers that were orally administered a single dose of the vaccines kept at 37 ± 1 °C for 96 h and bled weekly over four weeks. Temperature, pH, moisture content and amorphousness impacted vaccine stability. Peptone stabilized vaccines were significantly less stable and most affected by temperature changes with 1.2log10EID50 loss while buffered/bulked trehalose, carboxymethylated and acetylated/xerogelized starch stabilized vaccines were most stable (0.2-0.5log10EID50 loss in titer) after 96 h in CCF. Buffered trehalose stabilized vaccine (TVB) had lower HA titres than peptone and starch stabilized vaccines containing D-mannitol and Na2HPO4. Antibody titres of vaccinated broilers were between 3.3 ± 1.398 and 8.35 ± 2.678. All the vaccines were immunogenic (HI ≥ 23) and developed HI titres (≥24) considered to be protective. Carboxymethylated and acetylated/xerogel derivatives of P. esculentus starch have a great potential as vaccine stabilizers especially in areas prone to CCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Guktur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, PMB 2084, Jos, Nigeria; Viral Vaccines Production Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - E I Nep
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, PMB 2084, Jos, Nigeria
| | - O Asala
- Viral Vaccines Production Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - P O Olorunfemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, PMB 2084, Jos, Nigeria
| | - N C Ngwuluka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, PMB 2084, Jos, Nigeria
| | - N A Ochekpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, PMB 2084, Jos, Nigeria.
| | - A S Sagay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
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16
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Kitakami R, Inui K, Nakagawa Y, Sawai Y, Katayama W, Yokoyama T, Okada T, Kanamitsu K, Nakagawa S, Toyooka N, Mizuguchi M. Inhibitory activities of anthraquinone and xanthone derivatives against transthyretin amyloidogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 44:116292. [PMID: 34225167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin is a tetrameric protein which functions as a transporter of thyroxine and retinol-binding protein. Misfolding and amyloid aggregation of transthyretin are known to cause wild-type and hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Stabilization of the transthyretin tetramer by low molecular weight compounds is an efficacious strategy to inhibit the aggregation pathway in the amyloidosis. Here, we investigated the inhibitory activities of anthraquinone and xanthone derivatives against amyloid aggregation, and found that xanthone-2-carboxylic acid with one chlorine or methyl group has strong inhibitory activity comparable with that of diflunisal, which is one of the best known stabilizers of transthyretin. X-ray crystallographic structures of transthyretin in complex with the compounds revealed that the introduction of chlorine, which is buried in a hydrophobic region, is important for the strong inhibitory effect of the stabilizer against amyloidogenesis. An in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) study and in vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the compounds have drug-like features, suggesting that they have potential as therapeutic agents to stabilize transthyretin.
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17
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Khuyagbaatar B, Lee SJ, Bayarjargal U, Cheon M, Batbayar T, Kim YH. Contribution of a distal radioulnar joint stabilizer on forearm stability: A modeling study. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 235:819-826. [PMID: 33878979 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211011334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Instability of the forearm is a complex problem that leads to pain and limited motions. Up to this time, no universal consensus has yet been reached as regards the optimal treatment for forearm instability. In some cases, conservative treatments are recommended for forearm instability injuries. However, quantitative studies on the conservative treatment of forearm instability are lacking. The present study developed a finite element model of the forearm to investigate the contribution of the distal radioulnar joint stabilizer on forearm stability. The stabilizer was designed to provide stability between the radius and ulna. The forearm model with and without the stabilizer was tested using the pure transverse separation and radial pull test for the different ligament sectioned models. The percentage contribution of the stabilizer and ligament structures resisting the load on the forearm was estimated. For the transverse stability of the forearm, the central band resisted approximately 50% of the total transverse load. In the longitudinal instability, the interosseous membrane resisted approximately 70% of the axial load. With the stabilizer, models showed that the stabilizer provided the transverse stability and resisted almost 1/4 of the total transverse load in the ligament sectioned models. The stabilizer provided transverse stability and reduced the loading on the ligaments. We suggested that a stabilizer can be applied in the conservative management of patients who do not have the gross longitudinal instability with the interosseous membrane and the triangular fibrocartilage complex disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batbayar Khuyagbaatar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Biomechanical research laboratory, Department of Technical Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering and Transportation, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics, Seoul Bonbridge Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ulziikhutag Bayarjargal
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Maro Cheon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Temuujin Batbayar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yoon Hyuk Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science & Technology (BK21 four), Kyung Hee University Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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18
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Naidjonoka P, Fornasier M, Pålsson D, Rudolph G, Al-Rudainy B, Murgia S, Nylander T. Bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase nanoparticles stabilized by softwood hemicellulose. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111753. [PMID: 33845421 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The colloidal stability of lipid based cubosomes, aqueous dispersion of inverse bicontinuous cubic phase, can be significantly increased by a stabilizer. The most commonly used stabilizers are non-ionic tri-block copolymers, poloxamers, which adsorb at the lipid-water interface and hence sterically stabilize the dispersion. One of the challenges with these synthetic polymers is the effect on the internal structure of the cubosomes and the potential toxicity when these nanoparticles are applied as nanomedicine platforms. The natural polysaccharide, softwood hemicellulose, has been proved to be an excellent stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions, partially due to the presence of hydrophobic lignin in the extract which to some extent is associated to hemicellulose. Herein, we reported for the first time cubosomes stabilized by two types of softwood hemicelluloses, where one is extracted through thermomechanical pulping (TMP, low lignin content) and the other obtained from sodium-based sulfite liquor (SSL, high lignin content). The effect of the two hemicellulose samples on the colloidal stability and structure of monoolein-based cubosomes have been investigated via DLS, SAXS, AFM and cryo-TEM. The data obtained suggest that both types of the hemicelluloses stabilize monoolein (GMO) based cubosomes in water without significantly affecting their size, morphology and inner structure. SSL-extracted hemicellulose yields the most stable cubosomes, likely due to the higher content of lignin in comparison to TMP-stabilized ones. In addition, the stability of these particles was tested under physiological conditions relevant to possible application as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Naidjonoka
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden.
| | - Marco Fornasier
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s 554 bivio Sestu, Monserrato, I-09042, Italy.
| | - David Pålsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Gregor Rudolph
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Basel Al-Rudainy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari, I-09124, Italy
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden; NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science LINXS, Lund, Sweden
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19
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Ghalavand M, Saadati M, Salimian J, Abbasi E, Hosseinzadeh G, Gouvarchin Ghaleh HE, Ahmadi A. Biological properties the novel application of N-trimethyl chitosan nanospheres as a stabilizer and preservative in tetanus vaccine. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:24-34. [PMID: 33628751 PMCID: PMC7892940 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chitosan is a natural polymer that has excellent properties include biocompatibility, biodegradability, no cytotoxicity, high charge density, low cost, mucoadhesive, permeation enhancing (ability to cross tight junction), and immunomodulating ability that makes the spectrum of its applicability much broader. This study was conducted to investigate the stabilizing, preservative and immunogenicity properties of N-trimethyl chitosan nanospheres (N-TMCNS). Materials and Methods The tetanus toxoid (TT) was encapsulated into N-TMCNS and then characterized by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and dynamic light scattering. For stabilizer assay of N-TMCNS after storage of TT-N-TMCNS at different temperatures for 3 weeks, they were used for immunization of mice and different temperatures groups' anti-TT-N-TMCNS production compared with other groups. Finally, the immunized mice were challenged with tetanus toxin. The preservation activity of TT-N-TMCNS against Escherichia coli was compared with thimerosal formulated TT. Results Our results revealed that heat-treated TT-N-TMCNS could induce higher titer of neutralizing immunoglobulin G in compared to TT vaccine and was able to protect the mice better than TT vaccine in challenge test. Furthermore, N-TMCNS as a preservative inhibited the growth of E. coli more effective than thimerosal. Conclusion Overall, the obtained results indicated that the N-TMCNS is one of the best stabilizer and preservative agent that can be used in the formulation of TT vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdedin Ghalavand
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Saadati
- Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghader Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran
| | | | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Soroushnia A, Ganji F, Vasheghani-Farahani E, Mobedi H. Preparation, optimization, and evaluation of midazolam nanosuspension: enhanced bioavailability for buccal administration. Prog Biomater 2021; 10:19-28. [PMID: 33587239 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-020-00148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Midazolam is considered as one of the best first-line drugs in managing status epilepticus in children who require emergency drug treatment. Due to poor water solubility, oral bioavailability of midazolam is relatively low. To improve its dissolution and absorption, midazolam nano-suspensions were formulated with different stabilizers using the ultrasonic technique. A combination of Tween 80 and Poloxamer (TP) was considered as one stabilizer and 3-methyl chitosan (TMC) as another stabilizer. The ratio of the stabilizers was selected as an independent variable, and their effects on the particle size and the zeta potential were evaluated by the simplex lattice mixture method. The freeze-dried optimized midazolam nano-suspension powder was characterized by particle-size analysis, SEM, the stability test, and the dissolution test. The optimized midazolam nano-suspension (containing 76% TMC and 24% TP) had a mean particle size of 197 ± 7 nm and a zeta potential of 31 ± 4 (mV). The stability test showed that the midazolam nano-suspension is stable for 12 months. In the in vitro dissolution test, the midazolam nano-suspension showed a marked increase in the drug dissolution percentage versus coarse midazolam. In the in vivo evaluation, the midazolam nano-suspension exhibited a significant increase in the Cmax and the AUC0-5, and a major decrease in Tmax. The overall results indicate the nano-suspension of midazolam is a promising candidate for managing status epilepticus in children in emergency situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Soroushnia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-114, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fariba Ganji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-114, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-114, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamid Mobedi
- Department of Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Polymer Science, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box: 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Pérez J, Arteaga M, Andrade R, Durango A, Salcedo J. Effect of yam ( Dioscorea spp.) starch on the physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties of yogurt. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05987. [PMID: 33537474 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the addition of starch from “hawthorn” yam (Dioscorea rotundata) and “creole” yam (Dioscorea alata) at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% w/w) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of stirred-type yogurt. Pectin (0.3% w/w) was used as a reference stabilizer. Yogurt with yam starch presented 13.38% less syneresis than yogurts with pectin. At the sensory level, the most accepted treatment was yogurt with “creole” yam starch at 0.1% w/w. During 21 days of storage, yogurt with yam starch (“creole” and “hawthorn”) at 0.1% w/w showed a decrease in syneresis between 7% and 8%, while in those with pectin, syneresis remained practically constant in this period. Yogurt with yam starch was characterized as a pseudoplastic fluid, with a lactic acid bacterial count according to NTC 805. Yam starch can be used as stabilizer because it improves the physicochemical, sensory, and rheological characteristics of stirred-type yogurt. Especially the “creole” yam starch (0.1% w/w), which presents the best preference by consumers.
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Abstract
Freeze-drying has become one of the most important processes for the preservation of biological products. This chapter provides protocols for freeze-drying of proteins and discusses the importance of formulation, cycle development, and validation. Specific formulations for stabilization of proteins are presented as well as advice on common problems with freeze-drying of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Institute of Biothermal Science, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinli Zhou
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Institute of Biothermal Science, Shanghai, China
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Jang WJ, Lee GH, Lee JM, Kim TY, Jeon MH, Kim YH, Lee EW. Improving enzyme activity, thermostability and storage stability of β-1,3-1,4-glucanase with poly-γ-glutamic acid produced by Bacillus sp. SJ-10. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 143:109703. [PMID: 33375971 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (BG) is an industrially important enzyme owing to its stringent specificity for β-glucan cleavage. In this study, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) was added to BG to investigate its effect on improving the activity and stability of the enzyme. The effect of γ-PGA was investigated by analyzing kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. Compared to control, significant differences (P < .05) in enzyme activity were observed when 1.0 %, 1.5 %, and 2.0 % γ-PGA was added, and the activities were increased 1.23 ± 0.05, 1.23 ± 0.07, and 1.31 ± 0.07-fold, respectively. Regarding thermostability, residual BG activity after a 1 h incubation at 60 °C was 12.53 ± 0.06 % without γ-PGA and 79.02 ± 5.76 % with 1% γ-PGA. The storage stability at 25 °C and 50 °C also increased when γ-PGA was present. The kinetics and thermodynamic investigations indicated that the increased activity and stability of BG when γ-PGA was added were due to increased values of the Vmax, Kcat, and activation energy for denaturation. The findings of this study suggest that adding γ-PGA to BG increases the application value of this enzyme in the food and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Je Jang
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hye Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Industrial Bio-materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Jeon
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ho Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
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Wan X, Guo H, Liang Y, Zhou C, Liu Z, Li K, Niu F, Zhai X, Wang L. The physiological functions and pharmaceutical applications of inulin: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116589. [PMID: 32747248 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inulin (IN), a fructan-type plant polysaccharide, is widely found in nature. The major plant sources of IN include chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, dahlia etc. Studies have found that IN possessed a wide array of biological activities, e.g. as a prebiotic to improve the intestinal microbe environment, regulating blood sugar, regulating blood lipids, antioxidant, anticancer, immune regulation and so on. Currently, IN is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. IN can be used as thickener, fat replacer, sweetener and water retaining agent in the food industry. IN also can be applied in the pharmaceutics as stabilizer, drug carrier, and auxiliary therapeutic agent for certain diseases such as constipation and diabetes. This paper reviews the physiological functions of IN and its applications in the field of pharmaceutics, analyzes its present research status and future research direction. This review will serve as a one-in-all resource for the researchers who are interested to work on IN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiyu Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changzheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kunwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fengju Niu
- Shandong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Lizhu Wang
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Singhal M, Baumgartner A, Turunen E, van Veen B, Hirvonen J, Peltonen L. Nanosuspensions of a poorly soluble investigational molecule ODM-106: Impact of milling bead diameter and stabilizer concentration. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119636. [PMID: 32659405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous solubility of a drug substance is an important attribute affecting oral bioavailability. Nanonization, particle size reduction to submicron level, is an elegant approach to improve drug solubility and dissolution by increasing the surface energy, which in turn necessitates the use of stabilizers. The purpose of this study was to develop a nanosuspension of a practically water-insoluble investigational molecule by nanomilling approach using wet media milling. A variety of polymeric and surface active excipients were tested for their wettability. A combination of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) were selected as stabilizers on the bases of compatibility studies and efficient wettability behaviour in contact angle measurements (≈80˚). A factorial design set-up was used to study the effect of milling bead diameter and stabilizer concentration on the efficiency of particle size reduction. Nanonization outcome was different when milling beads of 0.5 mm and 1 mm diameter were used at different concentrations of the stabilizers, which demonstrated the complex nature of the whole system. Storage of the nanosuspensions under different temperature conditions resulted only in minor changes of the particle size fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Singhal
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Orion Pharma R&D, Global Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 65, 02101 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ana Baumgartner
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Turunen
- Orion Pharma R&D, Global Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 65, 02101 Espoo, Finland
| | - Bert van Veen
- Orion Pharma R&D, Global Pharmaceutical Research, P.O. Box 65, 02101 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Ji Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Chen Y, Meng M, Li C, Wang L. Direct quantitation of free, encapsulated, total doxorubicin and doxorubicinol in stabilized frozen human plasma to support a BE study of liposomal doxorubicin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113388. [PMID: 32663760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory guidance requires the quantification of encapsulated and free doxorubicin for a liposomal doxorubicin injection bioequivalence study. Due to the instability of liposome formulations in plasma samples, the release of free drug from the liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin during sample handling would result in elevation of measured free doxorubicin concentration. To prevent the potential release of free drug, stabilizer reagents and procedures were successfully developed and validated to adequately stabilize liposomal drugs in plasma samples during sample collection, storage and extraction. Three LC-MS/MS methods were developed and fully validated for direct quantitation of free, encapsulated and total doxorubicin concentrations in human plasma according to relevant regulatory guidance: Method 1: Quantitation of free doxorubicin and doxorubicinol at a linear range of 1-400 ng/mL and 0.5-10 ng/mL, respectively, from stabilizer treated plasma samples using solid phase extraction (SPE); Method 2: Quantitation of encapsulated doxorubicin at a linear range of 50-50,000 ng/mL from the stabilizer treated plasma sample using SPE followed by PPE extraction method; Method 3: Quantitation of total concentration of doxorubicin from untreated plasma samples at a linear range of 50-50,000 ng/mL using PPE. All three methods were successfully used to support a bioequivalence study between Caelyx® and Duomeisu® (Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Liposomal injection, generic doxorubicin formulation produced by CSPC). Incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) passing rate for total doxorubicin, free doxorubicin/doxorubicinol, and encapsulated doxorubicin methods were 100 %, 84.7 %/100 %, and 98.5 %, respectively. The measured total doxorubicin concentrations matched the sum of free and encapsulated doxorubicin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Ji
- Chongqing Denali Medpharma Co, LTD, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhang
- CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology (SJZ) Co., LTD., Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jinzhi Liu
- Chongqing Denali Medpharma Co, LTD, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Chongqing Denali Medpharma Co, LTD, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Meng
- Chongqing Denali Medpharma Co, LTD, Chongqing, China
| | - ChunLei Li
- CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology (SJZ) Co., LTD., Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Laixin Wang
- Chongqing Denali Medpharma Co, LTD, Chongqing, China.
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27
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Zhao Y, Jin B, Peng R, Ding L, Zheng T. Novel fullerene-based stabilizer for scavenging nitroxide radicals and its behavior during thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose. J Hazard Mater 2020; 391:121857. [PMID: 32062546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The safe storage of double-based propellants is becoming increasingly challenging due to the extreme storage environment and update of weapon system. Therefore, to obtain high performance stabilizers, a novel multifunctional fullerene derivative, 4,11,15,30-tetramethophenyl fullereno[1,2:2',3']dihydrobenzofuran (C60-DBTMP), was successfully designed and synthesized. The results of thermal stability indicated that the stability of C60-DBTMP is better than that of traditional stabilizers (DPA, C2, AKII), and still maintain good performance at high temperature. Further thermal analysis showed that C60-DBTMP interact with the decomposition products during the thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose, which changed the decomposition mechanism of nitrocellulose at the initial stage of thermal decomposition from self-accelerating catalytic model to non-autocatalytic reaction model. The stabilization mechanism was also investigated in detail, electron spin resonance (ESR) test showed that the nitroxide radicals scavenging efficiency of C60-DBTMP is 73.4%, and effectively inhibit the acidity change caused by the thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose. Our study demonstrated the potential application of this multifunctional fullerene derivative as a stabilizer for propellants and provided a new strategy for designing high-performance stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Ling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Tian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Mianyang 621010, China
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28
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Manabe S, Adavan Kiliyankil V, Kumashiro T, Takiguchi S, Fugetsu B, Sakata I. Stabilization of Prussian blue using copper sulfate for eliminating radioactive cesium from a high pH solution and seawater. J Hazard Mater 2020; 386:121979. [PMID: 31891821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prussian blue (PB), an adsorbent for the selective elimination of radioactive cesium from water, is highly versatile due to its unique crystal structure. However, PB crystals quickly decompose in an alkaline solution, generating hazardous cyanide contamination. In this research, the alkaline susceptibility of PB was remedied by incorporating copper sulfate as a protector. A stability assessment was conducted at several environmental conditions, such as high pH and temperatures from 10 °C to 50 °C, in seawater, artificial seawater, and river water. The crystalline and chemical stability of PB in the new class of composite was extremely high, even at a pH value of 11.2, as confirmed using XRD and total cyanide analysis. A comprehensive mechanism study revealed that, at high pH, the copper ions that cover the PB react with hydroxide ions to form copper hydroxide and shielding inner crystals. To decontaminate radioactive cesium, the first step was to immobilize nano PB on a cellulose nanofiber, followed by copper sulfate stabilization. Then, a spongiform adsorbent was made using polyurethane as the precursor. The new stabilized PB showed promising adsorption efficiency. Thus, this research will open a new range of applications for all existing and emerging PB-based adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Manabe
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Nanosummit Co. Ltd., Kawaguchi City, Kamiaoki 3-12, Saitama, Japan.
| | | | - Tsuguo Kumashiro
- Nanosummit Co. Ltd., Kawaguchi City, Kamiaoki 3-12, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Bunshi Fugetsu
- Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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29
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Verma DK, Niamah AK, Patel AR, Thakur M, Singh Sandhu K, Chávez-González ML, Shah N, Noe Aguilar C. Chemistry and microbial sources of curdlan with potential application and safety regulations as prebiotic in food and health. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109136. [PMID: 32466929 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Curdlan - a homopolysaccharide is comprised of glucose using β-1,3-glycosidic bond and produced by different types of microorganisms as exopolysaccharide. Curdlan gel is stable during freezing and thawing processes which find several applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. It acts as a prebiotic, stabilizer and water-holding, viscosifying and texturing agent. Additionally, curdlan gel is used as a food factor to develop the new products e.g. milk fat substitute, non-fat whipped cream, retorting (freeze-drying) process of Tofu, low-fat sausage, and low-fat hamburger. However, a great variation exists among different countries regarding the regulatory aspects of curdlan as food additives, dietary components or prebiotic substances. Therefore, the present review paper aims to discuss safety issues and the establishment of common guidelines and legislation globally, focusing on the use the applications of curdlan in the food sector including the development of noodles, meat-based products, and fat-free dairy products. This review analyzes and describes in detail the potential of curdlan as a sustainable alternative additive in health and food industries, emphasizing on the chemical composition, production, properties, and potential applications.
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30
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Wan J, Guo J, Lu Z, Bie X, Lv F, Zhao H. Development of a test kit for visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification of Salmonella in spiked ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 169:105830. [PMID: 31891738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assemble two types of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) kit that have the ability to visually detect Salmonella in ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables. The reaction results were obtained within 20-40 min after addition of DNA and can be discerned by the naked eye or an amplification plot. The stability of the LAMP wet kit was evident after multiple freezing and thawing cycles, and the one-step LAMP lyophilized kit was further evolved to allow ambient temperature transport for deployment in resource-limited settings. The cost-effective wet kit had the ability to detect minimum amounts of 1.8 CFU/ml Salmonella DNA without enrichment, while the sensitivity of the one-step LAMP lyophilized kit was only 9.8 × 103 CFU/ml. They both have good anti-interference, as they were both able to detect 2.1 × 102 CFU/ml Salmonella mixed with 106 CFU/ml four non-Salmonella strain mixture. Moreover, cucumber and lettuce that were contaminated with an initial inoculation of 1.7 CFU of Salmonella/10 g showed detection within a reaction time of 30 min after 10 h enrichment. The present research setup is a convenient and practical kit for Salmonella rapid detection that has good application prospects in food safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengxia Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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31
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Hosseini F, Ansari S. Effect of modified tapioca starch on the physicochemical and sensory properties of liquid kashk. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:5374-5385. [PMID: 31749485 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three forms of modified tapioca starch, i.e. phosphorylated cross-linked tapioca starch (CLTS), octenyl succinic anhydride substituted tapioca starch (OSTS) and hydroxypropylated tapioca starch (HPTS) were studied and used as stabilizers (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) in industrial liquid kashk, and their effects on the physicochemical and sensory properties of products were examined during 60 days of refrigerated storage. When combined with the highest concentration of each stabilizer, the kashk reached its highest acidity, hardness, adhesiveness, viscosity and overall acceptability, while the lowest value of syneresis was obtained. Moreover, the highest values of viscosity was observed after incorporating CLTS into the samples, and other samples with HPTS showed the highest syneresis, hardness, adhesiveness and overall acceptability. During storage, there were significant trends of increase in the values of acidity, syneresis and hardness, whereas the viscosity, pH and adhesiveness decreased significantly. Several sensory attributes such as texture, odour value and overall acceptability were influenced by the type of stabilizer. In general, among the three kinds of modified tapioca starch, the HPTS was the most suitable form at the concentration of 1.5%, and this was most appropriate for the production of industrial liquid kashk with respect to high-quality physicochemical and sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Sara Ansari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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32
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Wu JH, Wang XJ, Li SJ, Ying XY, Hu JB, Xu XL, Kang XQ, You J, Du YZ. Preparation of Ethyl Cellulose Microspheres for Sustained Release of Sodium Bicarbonate. Iran J Pharm Res 2019; 18:556-568. [PMID: 31531041 PMCID: PMC6706755 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sustained release of thermal-instable and water-soluble drugs with low molecule weight is a challenge. In this study, sodium bicarbonate was encapsulated in ethyl cellulose microspheres by a novel solid-in-oil-in-oil (S/O/O) emulsification method using acetonitrile/soybean oil as new solvent pairs. Properties of the microspheres such as size, recovery rate, morphology, drug content, and drug release behavior were evaluated to investigate the suitable preparation techniques. In the case of that the ratio of the internal and external oil phase was 1: 9, Tween 80 as a stabilizer resulted in the highest drug content (2.68%) and a good spherical shape of microspheres. After the ratio increased to 1: 4, the microspheres using Tween 80 as the stabilizer also had high drug content (1.96%) and exhibited a sustained release behavior, with 70% of drug released within 12 h and a sustained release of more than 40 h. Otherwise, different emulsification temperatures at which acetonitrile was evaporated could influence the drug release behaviour of microspheres obtained. This novel method is a potential and effective method to achieve the encapsulation and the sustained release of thermal-instable and water-soluble drugs with low molecule weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shu-Juan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Ying
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing-Bo Hu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xu-Qi Kang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jian You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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Liu Q, Guan J, Sun Z, Shen X, Li L, Jin L, Mao S. Influence of stabilizer type and concentration on the lung deposition and retention of resveratrol nanosuspension-in-microparticles. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118562. [PMID: 31351178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of stabilizer type and concentration on the properties of spray dried nanosuspension-in-microparticles (NS-in-MPs) for inhalation. Taking resveratrol (RES) as a Biopharmaceutical Classification System II (BCS II) model drug, the RES containing nanosuspensions were fabricated by high pressure homogenization method with different stabilizers including sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), sodium alginate (SA), chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Then, the nanosuspensions were spray dried with mannitol to obtain inhalable NS-in-MPs. The particle size, morphology, drug existing state, in vitro aerodynamic performance, in vitro release behavior, lung retention and pharmacokinetic behaviors were characterized. It was found that the morphology, lung deposition as well as in vitro drug release from the microparticles were significantly influenced by stabilizer type, with 1% PVA as stabilizer presenting the highest fine particle fraction (FPF). Meanwhile, taking PVA as an example, it was found stabilizer concentration could alter morphology and flowability of the microparticles, and the FPF value decreased with the increase of stabilizer concentration. Further drug retention and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the positively charged stabilizer CS could facilitate drug retention and minimize drug expose to the systemic circulation. In conclusion, the deposition and lung retention behavior of NS-in-MPs could be well tuned by selecting different type or concentration of stabilizers, which could facilitate local lung diseases therapy.
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Mori Z, Anarjan N. Preparation and characterization of nanoemulsion based β-carotene hydrogels. J Food Sci Technol 2018; 55:5014-5024. [PMID: 30482997 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop β-carotene hydrogels using nanoemulsions, with increased β-carotene aqueous solubility, bioavailability and improved physical and chemical stabilities. The nanoemulsion of β-carotene was prepared using a solvent-displacement technique and converted into hydrogels using sodium alginate as stabilizer and calcium chloride as cross-linker. The effects of formulation parameters, mainly, the effects sodium alginate and calcium chloride concentrations on the physicochemical properties of hydrogels were evaluated using a surface response methodology. The second order polynomial equations, subsequently, were suggested to predict the changes of studied physicochemical characteristics of hydrogels, with relatively high regression of coefficients values. Based on numerical multiple optimization, it was concluded that using 4.1 g/l sodium alginate and 5.7 g/l calcium chloride, resulted in a hydrogel with the most desired physicochemical characteristics. No significant differences between the measured and predicted data, reconfirmed the accuracy of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Mori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navideh Anarjan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Moradi S, Anarjan N. Preparation and characterization of α-tocopherol nanocapsules based on gum Arabic-stabilized nanoemulsions. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:413-421. [PMID: 30956853 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of water dispersed α-tocopherol nanocapsules through solvent-displacement technique using gum Arabic (GA) as natural stabilizing and emulsifying biopolymer, for a first time was aimed in current research. The effects of GA concentrations on physicochemical and biological characteristics of prepared nanocapsules, namely, mean particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, rheological properties, turbidity, in vitro antioxidant activity and cellular uptake were evaluated, subsequently. The result indicated that the mono modal size distributed water dispersible α-tocopherol nanocapsules could be successfully attained using selected technique in sizes ranged from 10.01 to 171.2 nm and zeta potential of - 13.5 to - 47.8 mv. The prepared nanocapsules showed the dilatant rheological properties and acceptable radical scavenging (antioxidant activity). The cellular uptake of samples were increased up to 12 times more than microsized α-tocopherol. Consequently, the prepared water dispersed nanosized α-tocopherol can effectively be used in water based food and beverage formulations as nutrition enhancer or natural preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiran Moradi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navideh Anarjan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Shariare MH, Altamimi MA, Marzan AL, Tabassum R, Jahan B, Reza HM, Rahman M, Ahsan GU, Kazi M. In vitro dissolution and bioavailability study of furosemide nanosuspension prepared using design of experiment (DoE). Saudi Pharm J 2018; 27:96-105. [PMID: 30662312 PMCID: PMC6323151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanotechnology can offer the advantages of increasing solubility and bioavailability of delivering drugs like Furosemide. The aim of the current study is to investigate the in vitro and in vivo performance of furosemide nanosuspensions. Methods Furosemide nanosuspensions were prepared by antisolvent precipitation method using full factorial experimental design. Four factors were employed namely; Stirring time, Injection rate, antisolvent: solvent ratio & stabilizer: drug ratio (at two levels = high & low). The in vitro dissolution experiments were conducted to compare the representative formulation with raw drug powder. The bioavailability of nanosuspension was, also, evaluated in mice as an animal model. Results Solid state characterization (PXRD, DSC and FESEM) did show physical changes during preparation and optimization of the furosemide nanosuspensions. Individual material attributes showed more significant impact on the average particle size of the nanocrystals compared to process parameters. Two-way interactions between material attributes and process parameters significantly affected nanosuspension particle size distribution. Dissolution rate of furosemide nanosuspemsion was significantly higher than that observed for raw furosemide powder. The in vivo pharmacokinetics parameters of nanosuspension in comparison to pure drug showed significant increase in Cmax and AUC(0-t), about 233% and 266%, respectively. The oral bioavailability of furosemide from nanosuspension was about 2.3 fold higher as compared with the bioavailability from pure drug. Conclusions Furosemide nanosuspensions prepared using antisolvent precipitation method enhanced the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability compared to raw furosemide powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Shariare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar L Marzan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rahnuma Tabassum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Basarat Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan M Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - G U Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ahire E, Thakkar S, Darshanwad M, Misra M. Parenteral nanosuspensions: a brief review from solubility enhancement to more novel and specific applications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:733-755. [PMID: 30245962 PMCID: PMC6146387 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in in silico techniques of lead molecule selection have resulted in the failure of around 70% of new chemical entities (NCEs). Some of these molecules are getting rejected at final developmental stage resulting in wastage of money and resources. Unfavourable physicochemical properties affect ADME profile of any efficacious and potent molecule, which may ultimately lead to killing of NCE at final stage. Numerous techniques are being explored including nanocrystals for solubility enhancement purposes. Nanocrystals are the most successful and the ones which had a shorter gap between invention and subsequent commercialization of the first marketed product. Several nanocrystal-based products are commercially available and there is a paradigm shift in using approach from simply being solubility enhancement technique to more novel and specific applications. Some other aspects in relation to parenteral nanosuspensions are concentrations of surfactant to be used, scalability and in vivo fate. At present, there exists a wide gap due to poor understanding of these critical factors, which we have tried to address in this review. This review will focus on parenteral nanosuspensions, covering varied aspects especially stabilizers used, GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status of stabilizers, scalability challenges, issues of physical and chemical stability, solidification techniques to combat stability problems and in vivo fate.
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Key Words
- ADME, absorption distribution metabolism elimination
- ASEs, aerosols solvent extractions
- AUC, area under curve
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- BCS, Biopharmaceutical Classification System
- BDP, beclomethasone dipropionate
- CFC, critical flocculation concentration
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy
- CMC, critical micelle concentration
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EDI, estimated daily intake
- EHDA, electrohydrodynamic atomization
- EPAS, evaporative precipitation in aqueous solution
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GRAS, Generally Recognized as Safe
- HEC, hydroxyethylcellulose
- HFBII, class II hydrophobin
- HP-PTX/NC, hyaluronic acid-paclitaxel/nanocrystal
- HPC, hydroxypropyl cellulose
- HPH, high-pressure homogenization
- HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- IM, intramuscular
- IP, intraperitoneal
- IV, intravenous
- IVIVC, in vivo–in vitro correlation
- In vivo fate
- LD50, median lethal dose (50%)
- MDR, multidrug resistance effect
- NCE, new chemical entities
- Nanosuspension
- P-gp, permeation glycoprotein
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PTX, paclitaxel
- PVA, polyvinyl alcohol
- Parenteral
- QbD, quality by design
- SC, subcutaneous
- SEDS, solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SFL, spray freezing into liquids
- Scalability
- Solidification
- Stabilizer
- TBA, tert-butanol
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- US FDA, United States Food and Drug Administration
- Vitamin E TPGS, d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manju Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
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Li H, Liu L, Luo L, Liu Y, Wei J, Zhang J, Yang Y, Chen A, Mao Q, Zhou Y. Response of soil microbial communities to red mud-based stabilizer remediation of cadmium-contaminated farmland. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:11661-11669. [PMID: 29435798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a field test was conducted to investigate the effects of heavy metal stabilizer addition on brown rice and microbial variables in a cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farmland from April to October in 2016. Compared with the control, red mud-based stabilizer (RMDL) effectively reduced the concentration of Cd in brown rice (with the removal rate of 48.14% in early rice, 20.24 and 47.62% in late rice). The results showed that adding 0.3 kg m-2 RDML in early rice soil or soil for both early and late rice increased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), the number of culturable heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, and the catalase activity in soil at different stages of paddy rice growth. Furthermore, there was no notable difference in the diversity of the bacterial species, community composition, and relative abundance at phylum (or class) or operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels between the control and treatment (RMDL addition) groups. In a word, RMDL could be highly recommended as an effective remediation stabilizer for Cd-contaminated farmland, since its continuous application in paddy soil cultivating two seasons rice soil could effectively decrease the Cd content in brown rice and had no negative impact on soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Hunan Modern Environment Technology Co., LTD, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jianhong Wei
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiming Mao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Kim HS, Yu HS, Lee JH, Lee GW, Choi SJ, Chang PS, Paik HD. Application of stabilizer improves stability of nanosuspended branched-chain amino acids and anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:451-459. [PMID: 30263769 PMCID: PMC6049625 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the use of polyglyceryl esters (PGE) as stabilizer in improving stability and anti-inflammatory activity of nanosuspended branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). BCAAs nanosuspended with stabilizer (BS) exhibited improved stability at concentration of 5% saturation level during storage as compared to BCAAs nanosuspended with aqueous solution (BA). Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity of BS was found to be greater than that of BA. Nitric oxide scavenging activity was found to be dose-dependent, with activity of BS in sodium nitroprusside system being significantly higher than that of BA (p < 0.05) at 2.5-20 mg/mL. BS also possesses greater inhibitory activity on production of pro-inflammatory factors including inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells through suppressed phosphorylation of p65 subunit of NF-κB at 0.5, 2, 8 mg/mL. These results suggest that PGE used as stabilizer improves solubility and biological activity of nanosuspended BCAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Gyu Whan Lee
- R&D Center, Daesang Corporation, Icheon, Gyoenggi-do 17384 Korea
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
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Basiri S, Haidary N, Shekarforoush SS, Niakousari M. Flaxseed mucilage: A natural stabilizer in stirred yogurt. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 187:59-65. [PMID: 29486845 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Today, there is much interest in the use of natural ingredients in the food industry. Flaxseed mucilage (FSM) stands out for its health benefits and functional characteristics. The effect of FSM and its combination with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on quality properties of stirred yogurt were investigated. The addition of FSM and FSM + CMC to stirred yogurt increased the viscosity and decreased syneresis. Addition of FSM decreased the cohesiveness and increased the adhesiveness of the stirred yogurt, while its combination with CMC leads to decreased adhesiveness, increased cohesiveness and springiness. The gumminess and hardness of yogurt were reduced when supplemented with FSM and FSM + CMC. Sensory attributes were influenced by FSM and FSM + CMC; however, these were not deteriorated significantly during 21 days storage at 4 °C. FSM has the potential as a natural stabilizer to improve the texture of stirred yogurt.
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Kumar R, Siril PF. Enhancing the Solubility of Fenofibrate by Nanocrystal Formation and Encapsulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:284-292. [PMID: 28702816 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of techniques to enhance bioavailability of drugs having poor water solubility is a big challenge for pharmaceutical industry. Solubility can be enhanced by particle size reduction and encapsulation using hydrophilic polymers. Fenofibrate (FF) is a drug for regulating lipids. Multi-fold enhancement in solubility of FF has been achieved by nanocrystal formation in the present study. Nanoparticles were prepared by an evaporation-assisted solvent-antisolvent interaction (EASAI) approach. Water-soluble polymers, viz. polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), were used to encapsulate and thus control the particle size of FF nanocrystals. Spherical particles having average particle size well below 30 nm could be prepared under optimum conditions. Almost complete release of the drug molecules from the polymer-stabilized nanocrystals within 2 h was clearly evident from the in vitro drug release studies. Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the absence of solvent impurities and any strong interaction between the drug and stabilizers. The polymorphic form of raw-FF was retained in the nanoparticles as per the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Lower crystallinity of the nanoformulated samples compared to raw-FF was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies.
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Cantillon M, Prakash A, Alexander A, Ings R, Sweitzer D, Bhat L. Dopamine serotonin stabilizer RP5063: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of safety and efficacy in exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Schizophr Res 2017; 189:126-133. [PMID: 28215471 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study objectives were to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of RP5063 versus placebo. The study was conducted in adults with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. This 28-day, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study randomized 234 subjects to RP5063 15, 30, or 50mg; aripiprazole; or placebo (3:3:3:1:2) once daily. The aripiprazole arm was included solely to show assay sensitivity and was not powered to show efficacy. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to Day 28/EOT (End-of-Treatment) in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score; secondary endpoints included PANSS subscales, improvement ≥1 point on the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S), depression and cognition scales. The primary analysis of PANSS Total showed improvement by a mean (SE) of -20.23 (2.65), -15.42 (2.04), and -19.21 (2.39) in the RP5063 15, 30, and 50mg arms, versus -11.41 (3.45) in the placebo arm. The difference between treatment and placebo reached statistical significance for the 15mg (p=0.021) and 50mg (p=0.016) arms. Improvement with RP5063 was also seen for multiple secondary efficacy outcomes. Discontinuation for any reason was much lower for RP5063 (14%, 25%, 12%) versus placebo (26%) and aripiprazole (35%). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) in the RP5063 groups were insomnia and agitation. There were no significant changes in body weight, electrocardiogram, or incidence of orthostatic hypotension; there was a decrease in blood glucose, lipid profiles, and prolactin levels. In conclusion, the novel dopamine serotonin stabilizer, RP5063 is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment for acute exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Cantillon
- Reviva Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3900 Freedom Circle, Suite 101, Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA.
| | - Arul Prakash
- Reviva Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3900 Freedom Circle, Suite 101, Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA
| | - Ajay Alexander
- Reviva Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3900 Freedom Circle, Suite 101, Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA
| | - Robert Ings
- Reviva Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3900 Freedom Circle, Suite 101, Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA
| | - Dennis Sweitzer
- Reviva Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3900 Freedom Circle, Suite 101, Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA
| | - Laxminarayan Bhat
- Reviva Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3900 Freedom Circle, Suite 101, Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA
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Yoo S, Ryu D, Choi HJ, Kuh SU, Chin DK, Kim KS, Cho YE. Ossification foci act as stabilizers in continuous-type ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a comparative study between laminectomy and laminoplasty. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:1783-1790. [PMID: 28589467 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), laminectomy is an effective surgical technique; however, there is a possibility of kyphotic alignment change after surgery. Nevertheless, in the continuous type of OPLL, the ossification foci are connected and may act as stabilizers preventing alignment change. We here compare the surgical outcome of laminectomy and laminoplasty in continuous-type OPLL of the cervical spine. METHODS Seventy-three patients who underwent cervical laminectomy or laminoplasty for continuous-type OPLL from 2004 to 2014 were enrolled. The clinical outcomes were assessed by using the neck disability index, visual analogue scale, and Japanese Orthopedic Association scoring systems. Radiological evaluation with plain lateral radiographs was performed to observe alignment changes. RESULTS The perioperative clinical outcome with laminectomy did not differ significantly from that of laminoplasty. Kyphotic change was observed in 3 of 35 patients with laminectomy and 3 of 38 patients with laminoplasty. Although loss of lordosis was observed in both groups, the C2-7 Cobb angle, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and T1 slope did not demonstrate significant statistical differences between laminectomy and laminoplasty. Moreover, the C2-7 SVA in the C7-included laminectomy group (33.9 ± 13.4) became greater than that in the C7-excluded laminectomy group (24.8 ± 11.3) at the final follow-up (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS In continuous-type OPLL, the surgical outcome did not show any significant difference between laminectomy and laminoplasty. Laminectomy alone is also a good choice in continuous-type OPLL, similar to laminoplasty.
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Ye L, Miao M, Li S, Hao K. Nanosuspensions of a new compound, ER-β005, for enhanced oral bioavailability and improved analgesic efficacy. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:246-256. [PMID: 28847666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-β005 (ER-β005) is a novel compound developed by our group; however, its application has been greatly hindered due to its low solubility. A nanosuspension of insoluble drugs is a nanoscale colloidal dispersion that has extremely higher drug-loading compared with other nanomedicines. In this study, nanosuspensions of ER-β005 (Nano-ER-β005) stabilized by a food protein, β-casein (β-CN), were prepared via an antisolvent-precipitation method to improve oral absorption and thus promote therapeutic efficacy. Nano-ER-β005, which has a diameter of 110nm and drug-loading of 50%, was developed. Analyses of fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra demonstrated a strong interaction between β-CN and drug particles in Nano-ER-β005, indicating that β-CN is a potent nanosuspension stabilizer. The oral bioavailability of Nano-ER-β005 was 1.6-fold greater than that of raw drug particles. Additionally, ER-β005 was confirmed to have a strong therapeutic effect against pain reactions in animal models, and inhibition of this effect was significantly increased with Nano-ER-β005 treatment. In conclusion, by using β-CN as a stabilizer, nanosuspensions of ER-β005 were developed and oral absorption was enhanced. Moreover, ER-β005 is a powerful drug that inhibits pain reactions, and its therapeutic efficacy was markedly increased in the Nano-ER-β005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 51006, PR China
| | - Mingxing Miao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Suning Li
- China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, PR China.
| | - Kun Hao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Vora L, V G S, Vavia P. Zero order controlled release delivery of cholecalciferol from injectable biodegradable microsphere: In-vitro characterization and in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017. [PMID: 28629804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres loaded with cholecalciferol (CL), more bioactive form of vitamin D was developed as an injectable controlled drug release system and was evaluated for its feasibility of once a month delivery. The CL loaded microspheres (CL-MS) were prepared by simple oil in water (O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation technique incorporated with a stabilizer, Tocopherol Succinate (TS). Different formulation as well as process parameters were investigated namely concentration of emulsifier, concentration of stabilizer and drug: polymer mass ratios. The prepared CL-MS were evaluated for particle size, drug loading, in-vitro drug release and in-vivo pharmacokinetics in rats. The optimized formulation was found to have a mean particle size of 28.62±0.26μm, Encapsulation Efficiency (EE) of 94.4±5.4% and drug loading of 5.19±0.29% with CL:TS ratio of 2:1. It was found that the EE drastically decreased (26±5.9%) in the absence of stabilizer (TS) indicating its role in stabilization of CL during formulation. DSC and XRD studies indicated that CL existed in an amorphous structure in the polymer matrix. SEM of the CL-MS revealed the spherical morphology and confirmed the particle size. In-vitro release showed that the CL release from CL-MS followed near zero-order drug release kinetics over nearly 1month. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study of CL-MS showed higher t1/2 (239±27.5h) compared to oily CL depot (32.7±4.8h) with sustained release of CL plasma concentration for 1month. The labile CL could thus be effectively encapsulated and protected against degradation during microspheres formulation, storage and release in presence of stabilizer. This novel CL loaded PLGA MS is stable and may have great potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Vora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University Under Section 3 of UGC Act - 1956, Elite Status and Center of Excellence, Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Sita V G
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University Under Section 3 of UGC Act - 1956, Elite Status and Center of Excellence, Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Pradeep Vavia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University Under Section 3 of UGC Act - 1956, Elite Status and Center of Excellence, Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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Hong CR, Lee GW, Paik HD, Chang PS, Choi SJ. Nanosuspended branched chain amino acids: the influence of stabilizers on their solubility and colloidal stability. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:573-579. [PMID: 30263581 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the influence of stabilizers with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balances on the solubility of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and colloidal stability of nanosuspended BCAAs. Initial BCAA solubility increased by homogenization as evidenced by the BCAA solubility in Tween 80-based nanosuspensions, which remained at almost 97% of their initial solubility after 20 days of storage. However, the contents of solubilized BCAAs in Span 80-based nanosuspensions decreased to approximately 85% of their initial solubility after 20 days of storage. In fact, the BCAA:Tween 80 ratio had no effect on the colloidal stability but the same variable changed according to the BCAA:Span 80 ratio. Based on this study, it can be concluded that stabilizers with a hydrophilic trait (Tween 80) could be more effective in improving BCAA solubility and the colloidal stability of nanosuspended BCAAs compared to those with a lipophilic trait (Span 80).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Rac Hong
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Gyu Whan Lee
- R&D Center, Daesang Corporation, Icheon, Gyoenggi-do 17384 Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- 3Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- 4Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Korea.,5Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Korea
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Hong CR, Lee GW, Paik HD, Chang PS, Choi SJ. Influence of lysolecithin and Tween 80 on the colloidal stability of branched chain amino acids in a nanosuspension system. Food Chem 2017; 221:606-612. [PMID: 27979248 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of stabilizers on the solubility and colloidal stability of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) nanosuspended through high pressure homogenization at 70°C. Although homogenization increased the initial BCAA solubility, irrespective of pH (pH 3 or 6), homogenization alone was not sufficient to increase their long-term solubility. The incorporation of stabilizers into nanosuspensions increased the saturation concentration of BCAAs but the effect of stabilizers on the increase in the saturation concentration of BCAAs was more pronounced at pH 6.0. At pH 6, Tween 80 dramatically increased the colloidal stability of the BCAA nanosuspensions, independent of the BCAA:stabilizer ratio but not at pH 3. However, the effect of lysolecithin on the colloidal stability of nanosuspended BCAAs varied depending on pH and BCAA:lysolecithin ratio. In lysolecithin-related nanosuspensions, there was no clear relationship between the colloidal stability and nanosuspension conditions including pH and BCAA:lysolecithin ratio. This study could provide a useful information on stabilizer selection for the development of liquid or colloidal products with improved solubility and colloidal stability of nanosuspended BCAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Rac Hong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Whan Lee
- R&D Center, Daesang Corporation, Gueonggi-Do 17384, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Azimi SM, Afsharnia S. A robust nonlinear stabilizer as a controller for improving transient stability in micro-grids. ISA Trans 2017; 66:46-63. [PMID: 27810102 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a parametric-Lyapunov approach to the design of a stabilizer aimed at improving the transient stability of micro-grids (MGs). This strategy is applied to electronically-interfaced distributed resources (EI-DRs) operating with a unified control configuration applicable to all operational modes (i.e. grid-connected mode, islanded mode, and mode transitions). The proposed approach employs a simple structure compared with other nonlinear controllers, allowing ready implementation of the stabilizer. A new parametric-Lyapunov function is proposed rendering the proposed stabilizer more effective in damping system transition transients. The robustness of the proposed stabilizer is also verified based on both time-domain simulations and mathematical proofs, and an ultimate bound has been derived for the frequency transition transients. The proposed stabilizer operates by deploying solely local information and there are no needs for communication links. The deteriorating effects of the primary resource delays on the transient stability are also treated analytically. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed stabilizer is evaluated through time-domain simulations and compared with the recently-developed stabilizers performed on a multi-resource MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Azimi
- (a)School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran; (b)Department of Electrical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan 65155, Iran.
| | - Saeed Afsharnia
- (a)School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran.
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Sakka Y, Koeser J, Filser J. How test vessel properties affect the fate of silver nitrate and sterically stabilized silver nanoparticles in two different test designs used for acute tests with Daphnia magna. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:2495-2506. [PMID: 27822687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The relation between test conditions such as medium composition or pH on silver nanoparticle (AgNP) behavior and its link to toxicity is one of the major topics in nanoecotoxicological research in the last years. In addition, the adaptation of the ecotoxicological standard tests for nanomaterials is intensely discussed to increase comparability and reliability of results. Due to the limitation of test material production volumes and the need for high-throughput screening, miniaturization has been proposed for several test designs. In the present study, the effect of a miniaturization of the acute Daphnia immobilization test on AgNP behavior was investigated. For this purpose, available, adsorbed, and dissolved silver fractions were measured using AgNP and silver nitrate in the following two test designs: a standard test (ST) design and a miniaturized test (MT) design with reduced test volume and less animals. Despite the increase in surface area in relation to the test volume in MT, more AgNP attached to the ST vessel surface, so that in this case, exposure concentrations were significantly lower compared to the MT assessment. Ionic silver concentrations resulting from AgNP dissolution were similar in both test designs. The same was observed for ionic silver concentrations in silver nitrate (AgNO3) treatments, but adsorbed silver was also higher in ST treatments. Assessing the structure-activity relationships revealed that surface properties such as hydrophobicity, potential binding sites, or surface roughness were of higher importance than surface:volume ratios for both test substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Sakka
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology, General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Jan Koeser
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Juliane Filser
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology, General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Azimi SM, Afsharnia S. Multi-purpose droop controllers incorporating a passivity-based stabilizer for unified control of electronically interfaced distributed generators including primary source dynamics. ISA Trans 2016; 63:140-153. [PMID: 27085670 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents multi-purpose droop controllers for electronically-interfaced distributed generators (EI-DGs). These controllers allow the micro-grids to operate in grid-connected mode, islanded mode and mode transition transients with a unique control configuration. The active and reactive-power sharing among EI-DGs are satisfied by the proposed droop controllers in islanded mode. On the other hand, in the grid-connected mode, the droop controllers adjust the output active and reactive-powers of EI-DGs at the pre-programmed constant levels. The provision of sufficient damping capability and maintenance of the transient stability in all operational modes of EI-DGs are warranted by the suggested stabilizer. This stabilizer, which is designed using the passivity-based control (PBC) approach, is incorporated in the droop controllers to dampen power-angle, frequency and voltage deviations during large transients using solely local information. The primary source dynamics of EI-DGs are also considered. It is analytically proven that the presence of the primary source dynamics leads to attenuation of the damping capability of EI-DGs in transients. To compensate the adverse effect of the primary source dynamics during transients a novel compensator is inserted in the frequency-droop loop. Finally, time-domain simulations are performed on a multi-resources MG to verify the analytical results compared to those obtained, based on a recently-developed strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Azimi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran.
| | - Saeed Afsharnia
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran.
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