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Mani M, Vellusamy M, Rathinavel T, Vadivel P, Dauchez M, Khan R, Aroulmoji V. In silico validation of hyaluronic acid - drug conjugates based targeted drug delivery for the treatment of COVID-19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38533826 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2328745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 urges scientists to develop targeted drug delivery to manage Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infections with a fast recovery rate. The aim of the study is to develop Hyaluronic Acid (HA) drug conjugates of viral drugs to target two important enzymes (Mpro and PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2. Three antiviral drugs, namely Dexamethasone (DEX), Favipiravir (FAV), and Remdesivir (REM), were chosen for HA conjugation due to their reactive functional groups. Free forms of drugs (DEX, FAV, REM) and HA drug conjugates (HA-DEX, HA-FAV, HA-REM, HA-RHA, HA-RHE) were validated against Mpro (PDB ID 6LU7) and PLpro (PDB 7LLZ), which play an essential role in the replication and reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results of the present study revealed that HA-drug conjugates possess higher binding affinity and the best docking score towards the Mpro and PLpro target proteins of SARS-CoV-2 than their free forms of drugs. ADMET screening resulted that HA-drug conjugates exhibited better pharmacokinetic profiles than their pure forms of drugs. Further, molecular dynamic simulation studies, essential dynamics and free energy landscape analyses show that HA antiviral drug conjugates possess good trajectories and energy status, with the PLpro target protein (PDB 7LLZ) of SARS-CoV-2 through long-distance (500 ns) simulation screening. The research work recorded the best drug candidate for Cell-Targeted Drug Delivery (CTDD) for SARS-CoV-2-infected cells through hyaluronic acid conjugates of antiviral drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Mani
- Centre for Research & Development, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Mallasamudram, Namakkal (Dt.), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Vellusamy
- Universite ́ de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, MEDyC UMR 7369, Reims, France
| | | | - Pullar Vadivel
- Department of Chemistry, Salem Sowdeswari College for Women, Salem (Dt.), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manuel Dauchez
- Universite ́ de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, MEDyC UMR 7369, Reims, France
| | - Riaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Rumsey, Sonning, Berkshire, UK
| | - Vincent Aroulmoji
- Centre for Research & Development, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Mallasamudram, Namakkal (Dt.), Tamil Nadu, India
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Megantara S, Rusdin A, Budiman A, Shamsuddin S, Mohtar N, Muchtaridi M. Revolutionizing Antiviral Therapeutics: Unveiling Innovative Approaches for Enhanced Drug Efficacy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2889-2915. [PMID: 38525012 PMCID: PMC10961067 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s447721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in late 2019, viral infections have become one of the top three causes of mortality worldwide. Immunization and the use of immunomodulatory drugs are effective ways to prevent and treat viral infections. However, the primary therapy for managing viral infections remains antiviral and antiretroviral medication. Unfortunately, these drugs are often limited by physicochemical constraints such as low target selectivity and poor aqueous solubility. Although several modifications have been made to enhance the physicochemical characteristics and efficacy of these drugs, there are few published studies that summarize and compare these modifications. Our review systematically synthesized and discussed antiviral drug modification reports from publications indexed in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. We examined various approaches that were investigated to address physicochemical issues and increase activity, including liposomes, cocrystals, solid dispersions, salt modifications, and nanoparticle drug delivery systems. We were impressed by how well each strategy addressed physicochemical issues and improved antiviral activity. In conclusion, these modifications represent a promising way to improve the physicochemical characteristics, functionality, and effectiveness of antivirals in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Megantara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radio Pharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Agus Rusdin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Noratiqah Mohtar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radio Pharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
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Wang J, Ji J, Zhong Y, Meng W, Wan S, Ding X, Chen Z, Wu W, Jia K, Li S. Construction of recombinant fluorescent LSDV for high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs. Vet Res 2024; 55:33. [PMID: 38493160 PMCID: PMC10943802 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection is a major socio-economic issue that seriously threatens the global cattle-farming industry. Here, a recombinant virus LSDV-ΔTK/EGFP, expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), was constructed with a homologous recombination system and applied to the high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs. LSDV-ΔTK/EGFP replicates in various kidney cell lines, consistent with wild-type LSDV. The cytopathic effect, viral particle morphology, and growth performance of LSDV-ΔTK/EGFP are consistent with those of wild-type LSDV. High-throughput screening allowed to identify several molecules that inhibit LSDV-ΔTK/EGFP replication. The strong inhibitory effect of theaflavin on LSDV was identified when 100 antiviral drugs were screened in vitro. An infection time analysis showed that theaflavin plays a role in the entry of LSDV into cells and in subsequent viral replication stages. The development of this recombinant virus will contribute to the development of LSDV-directed antiviral drugs and the study of viral replication and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyong Wu
- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China
| | - Kun Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhao JZ, Xu LM, Li LF, Ren GM, Shao YZ, Liu Q, Lu TY. Traditional Chinese medicine bufalin inhibits infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0501622. [PMID: 38289115 PMCID: PMC10913368 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05016-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) causes infectious hematopoietic necrosis and severe economic losses to salmon and trout aquaculture worldwide. Currently, the only commercial vaccine against IHNV is a DNA vaccine with some biosafety concerns. Hence, more effective vaccines and antiviral drugs are needed to prevent IHNV infection. In this study, 1,483 compounds were screened from a traditional Chinese medicine monomer library, and bufalin showed potential antiviral activity against IHNV. The 50% cytotoxic concentration of bufalin was >20 µM, and the 50% inhibitory concentration was 0.1223 µΜ against IHNV. Bufalin showed the inhibition of diverse IHNV strains in vitro, which confirmed that it had an inhibitory effect against all IHNV strains, rather than random activity against a single strain. The bufalin-mediated block of IHNV infection occurred at the viral attachment and RNA replication stages, but not internalization. Bufalin also inhibited IHNV infection in vivo and significantly increased the survival of rainbow trout compared with the mock drug-treated group, and this was confirmed by in vivo viral load monitoring. Our data showed that the anti-IHNV activity of bufalin was proportional to extracellular Na+ concentration and inversely proportional to extracellular K+ concentration, and bufalin may inhibit IHNV infection by targeting Na+/K+-ATPase. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that bufalin significantly inhibited IHNV infection and may be a promising candidate drug against the disease in rainbow trout. IMPORTANCE Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is the pathogen of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) which outbreak often causes huge economic losses and hampers the healthy development of salmon and trout farming. Currently, there is only one approved DNA vaccine for IHN worldwide, but it faces some biosafety problems. Hence, more effective vaccines and antiviral drugs are needed to prevent IHNV infection. In this study, we report that bufalin, a traditional Chinese medicine, shows potential antiviral activity against IHNV both in vitro and in vivo. The bufalin-mediated block of IHNV infection occurred at the viral attachment and RNA replication stages, but not internalization, and bufalin inhibited IHNV infection by targeting Na+/K+-ATPase. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that bufalin significantly inhibited IHNV infection and may be a promising candidate drug against the disease in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhuang Zhao
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Harbin, China
| | - Li-Ming Xu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lin-Fang Li
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guang-Ming Ren
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Shao
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tong-Yan Lu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
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Bai W, Zhu Q, Wang J, Jiang L, Guo D, Li C, Xing X, Sun D. Licorice extract inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro and in vivo. J Gen Virol 2024; 105:001964. [PMID: 38471043 PMCID: PMC10999743 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea and even death in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses to the pig industry. Because of the ongoing mutation of PEDV, there might be variations between the vaccine strain and the prevailing strain, causing the vaccine to not offer full protection against different PEDV variant strains. Therefore, it is necessary to develop anti-PEDV drugs to compensate for vaccines. This study confirmed the anti-PEDV effect of licorice extract (Le) in vitro and in vivo. Le inhibited PEDV replication in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. By exploring the effect of Le on the life cycle of PEDV, we found that Le inhibited the attachment, internalization, and replication stages of the virus. In vivo, all five piglets in the PEDV-infected group died within 72 h. In comparison, the Le-treated group had a survival rate of 80 % at the same time, with significant relief of clinical symptoms, pathological damage, and viral loads in the jejunum and ileum. Our results suggested that Le can exert anti-PEDV effects in vitro and in vivo. Le is effective and inexpensive; therefore it has the potential to be developed as a new anti-PEDV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Qinghe Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Limin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Chunqiu Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Xing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
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6
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Du S, Hu X, Liu X, Zhan P. Revolutionizing viral disease treatment: Phase separation and lysosome/exosome targeting as new areas and new paradigms for antiviral drug research. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103888. [PMID: 38244674 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement of globalization, our world is becoming increasingly interconnected. However, this interconnection means that once an infectious disease emerges, it can rapidly spread worldwide. Specifically, viral diseases pose a growing threat to human health. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the pressing need for expedited drug development to combat emerging viral diseases. Traditional drug discovery methods primarily rely on random screening and structure-based optimization, and new approaches are required to address more complex scenarios in drug discovery. Emerging antiviral strategies include phase separation and lysosome/exosome targeting. The widespread implementation of these innovative drug design strategies will contribute towards tackling existing viral infections and future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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7
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Wu C, Zhang F, Wang J, Li N, Lin C. [Advances in the coronavirus nonstructural protein 13]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2024; 40:419-433. [PMID: 38369830 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses pose significant threats to animal and human health, leading to the development of various infectious diseases. It is critical to develop effective vaccines and antiviral medicines to prevent and treat these diseases. The coronavirus genome encodes several types of proteins, including structural, nonstructural, and accessory proteins. Among them, nonstructural protein 13 (NSP13) helicase plays a crucial role in regulating viral replication and the innate immune response of the host. Therefore, it serves as a vital target for the development of anti-coronavirus drugs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of NSP13 research, covering its source, structure, sequence conservation, unwinding mechanism, enzyme inhibitors, protein interaction, and immune regulation. Additionally, the paper analyzes the current challenges in NSP13 research and aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs targeting NSP13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Jiujiang Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cui Lin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China
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Zhang K, Liang J, Zhang B, Huang L, Yu J, Xiao X, He Z, Tao H, Yuan J. A Marine Natural Product, Harzianopyridone, as an Anti-ZIKV Agent by Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase. Molecules 2024; 29:978. [PMID: 38474490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that already poses a danger to worldwide human health. Patients infected with ZIKV generally have mild symptoms like a low-grade fever and joint pain. However, severe symptoms can also occur, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuropathy, and myelitis. Pregnant women infected with ZIKV may also cause microcephaly in newborns. To date, we still lack conventional antiviral drugs to treat ZIKV infections. Marine natural products have novel structures and diverse biological activities. They have been discovered to have antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and other therapeutic effects. Therefore, marine products are important resources for compounds for innovative medicines. In this study, we identified a marine natural product, harzianopyridone (HAR), that could inhibit ZIKV replication with EC50 values from 0.46 to 2.63 µM while not showing obvious cytotoxicity in multiple cellular models (CC50 > 45 µM). Further, it also reduced the expression of viral proteins and protected cells from viral infection. More importantly, we found that HAR directly bound to the ZIKV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and suppressed its polymerase activity. Collectively, our findings provide HAR as an option for the development of anti-ZIKV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingyao Liang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bingzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lishan Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianchen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenjian He
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huaming Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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De Jesús-González LA, del Ángel RM, Palacios-Rápalo SN, Cordero-Rivera CD, Rodríguez-Carlos A, Trujillo-Paez JV, Farfan-Morales CN, Osuna-Ramos JF, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Rivas-Santiago B, León-Juárez M, García-Herrera AC, Ramos-Cortes AC, López-Gándara EA, Martínez-Rodríguez E. A Dual Pharmacological Strategy against COVID-19: The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin and Atorvastatin. Microorganisms 2024; 12:383. [PMID: 38399787 PMCID: PMC10893401 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET) and atorvastatin (ATO) are promising treatments for COVID-19. This review explores the potential of MET and ATO, commonly prescribed for diabetes and dyslipidemia, respectively, as versatile medicines against SARS-CoV-2. Due to their immunomodulatory and antiviral capabilities, as well as their cost-effectiveness and ubiquitous availability, they are highly suitable options for treating the virus. MET's effect extends beyond managing blood sugar, impacting pathways that can potentially decrease the severity and fatality rates linked with COVID-19. It can partially block mitochondrial complex I and stimulate AMPK, which indicates that it can be used more widely in managing viral infections. ATO, however, impacts cholesterol metabolism, a crucial element of the viral replicative cycle, and demonstrates anti-inflammatory characteristics that could modulate intense immune reactions in individuals with COVID-19. Retrospective investigations and clinical trials show decreased hospitalizations, severity, and mortality rates in patients receiving these medications. Nevertheless, the journey from observing something to applying it in a therapeutic setting is intricate, and the inherent diversity of the data necessitates carefully executed, forward-looking clinical trials. This review highlights the requirement for efficacious, easily obtainable, and secure COVID-19 therapeutics and identifies MET and ATO as promising treatments in this worldwide health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.R.-S.); (A.C.G.-H.); (A.C.R.-C.); (E.A.L.-G.); (E.M.-R.)
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (S.N.P.-R.); (C.D.C.-R.)
| | - Rosa María del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (S.N.P.-R.); (C.D.C.-R.)
| | - Selvin Noé Palacios-Rápalo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (S.N.P.-R.); (C.D.C.-R.)
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (S.N.P.-R.); (C.D.C.-R.)
| | - Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.R.-S.); (A.C.G.-H.); (A.C.R.-C.); (E.A.L.-G.); (E.M.-R.)
| | - Juan Valentin Trujillo-Paez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.R.-S.); (A.C.G.-H.); (A.C.R.-C.); (E.A.L.-G.); (E.M.-R.)
| | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, Mexico;
| | | | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- División de Investigación en Salud, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional “Adolfo Ruiz Cortines”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, Mexico;
- Facultad de Medicina, Región Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Veracruz 91700, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.R.-S.); (A.C.G.-H.); (A.C.R.-C.); (E.A.L.-G.); (E.M.-R.)
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico;
| | - Ana Cristina García-Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.R.-S.); (A.C.G.-H.); (A.C.R.-C.); (E.A.L.-G.); (E.M.-R.)
| | - Adriana Clara Ramos-Cortes
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.R.-S.); (A.C.G.-H.); (A.C.R.-C.); (E.A.L.-G.); (E.M.-R.)
| | - Erika Alejandra López-Gándara
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.R.-S.); (A.C.G.-H.); (A.C.R.-C.); (E.A.L.-G.); (E.M.-R.)
| | - Estefanía Martínez-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.V.T.-P.); (B.R.-S.); (A.C.G.-H.); (A.C.R.-C.); (E.A.L.-G.); (E.M.-R.)
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10
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Qamar MTU, Ahmad S, Khan A, Wei D. Editorial: Immunotherapeutics development against Hantaviruses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1377137. [PMID: 38384470 PMCID: PMC10879583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1377137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Moriyama H, Kotta-Loizou I, Kim KH. Editorial: Community series in mycoviruses and related viruses infecting fungi, lower eukaryotes, plants and insects, volume II. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1349526. [PMID: 38357348 PMCID: PMC10864666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1349526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Moriyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hudait A, Voth GA. HIV-1 capsid shape, orientation, and entropic elasticity regulate translocation into the nuclear pore complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313737121. [PMID: 38241438 PMCID: PMC10823262 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313737121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear import and uncoating of the viral capsid are critical steps in the HIV-1 life cycle that serve to transport and release genomic material into the nucleus. Viral core import involves translocating the HIV-1 capsid at the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Notably, the central channel of the NPC appears to often accommodate and allow passage of intact HIV-1 capsid, though mechanistic details of the process remain to be fully understood. Here, we investigate the molecular interactions that operate in concert between the HIV-1 capsid and the NPC that regulate capsid translocation through the central channel. To this end, we develop a "bottom-up" coarse-grained (CG) model of the human NPC from recently released cryo-electron tomography structure and then construct composite membrane-embedded CG NPC models. We find that successful translocation from the cytoplasmic side to the NPC central channel is contingent on the compatibility of the capsid morphology and channel dimension and the proper orientation of the capsid approach to the channel from the cytoplasmic side. The translocation dynamics is driven by maximizing the contacts between phenylalanine-glycine nucleoporins at the central channel and the capsid. For the docked intact capsids, structural analysis reveals correlated striated patterns of lattice disorder likely related to the intrinsic capsid elasticity. Uncondensed genomic material inside the docked capsid augments the overall lattice disorder of the capsid. Our results suggest that the intrinsic "elasticity" can also aid the capsid to adapt to the stress and remain structurally intact during translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpa Hudait
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Gregory A. Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
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13
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Piret J, Boivin G. Management of Cytomegalovirus Infections in the Era of the Novel Antiviral Players, Letermovir and Maribavir. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:65-82. [PMID: 38247977 PMCID: PMC10801527 DOI: 10.3390/idr16010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections may increase morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Until recently, standard antiviral drugs against CMV were limited to viral DNA polymerase inhibitors (val)ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir with a risk for cross-resistance. These drugs may also cause serious side effects. This narrative review provides an update on new antiviral agents that were approved for the prevention and treatment of CMV infections in transplant recipients. Letermovir was approved in 2017 for CMV prophylaxis in CMV-seropositive adults who received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Maribavir followed four years later, with an indication in the treatment of adult and pediatric transplant patients with refractory/resistant CMV disease. The target of letermovir is the CMV terminase complex (constituted of pUL56, pUL89 and pUL51 subunits). Letermovir prevents the cleavage of viral DNA and its packaging into capsids. Maribavir is a pUL97 kinase inhibitor, which interferes with the assembly of capsids and the egress of virions from the nucleus. Both drugs have activity against most CMV strains resistant to standard drugs and exhibit favorable safety profiles. However, high-level resistance mutations may arise more rapidly in the UL56 gene under letermovir than low-grade resistance mutations. Some mutations emerging in the UL97 gene under maribavir can be cross-resistant with ganciclovir. Thus, letermovir and maribavir now extend the drug arsenal available for the management of CMV infections and their respective niches are currently defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy Boivin
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
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14
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Zhang Y, Shi C, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Jin X, Zu S, Zhang H, Hu H. Rapid Construction of Recombinant PDCoV Expressing an Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein for the Antiviral Screening Assay Based on Transformation-Associated Recombination Cloning in Yeast. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:1124-1135. [PMID: 38181302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus that mainly causes diarrhea and death in suckling piglets and also has the potential for cross-species transmission, threatening public health. However, there is still no effective vaccine or drug to prevent PDCoV infection. In order to accelerate the development of antiviral drugs, we established a high-throughput screening platform using a novel genome editing technology called transformation-associated recombination cloning in yeast. The recombinant PDCoV and PDCoV reporter virus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein were both rapidly rescued with stable genealogical characteristics during passage. Further study demonstrated that the reporter virus can be used for high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs with a Z-factor of 0.821-0.826. Then, a medicine food homology compound library was applied, and we found that three compounds were potential antiviral reagents. In summary, we have established a fast and efficient reverse genetic system of PDCoV, providing a powerful platform for the research of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenxi Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaohui Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shaopo Zu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hui Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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da Silva Santos I, Magalhães LO, Marra RKF, da Silva Lima CH, Hamerski L, Albuquerque MG, Vasconcellos da Silva B. Natural and Synthetic Coumarins as Potential Drug Candidates Against SARS-CoV-2/CoViD-19. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:CMC-EPUB-137263. [PMID: 38243979 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673285609231220111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19, an airborne disease caused by a betacoronavirus named SARS-- CoV-2, was officially declared a pandemic in early 2020, resulting in more than 770 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths by September 2023. Although the introduction of vaccines in late 2020 helped reduce the number of deaths, the global effort to fight COVID-19 is far from over. While significant progress has been made in a short period, the fight against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and other potential pandemic threats continues. Like AIDS and hepatitis C epidemics, controlling the spread of COVID-19 will require the development of multiple drugs to weaken the virus's resistance to different drug treatments. Therefore, it is essential to continue developing new drug candidates derived from natural or synthetic small molecules. Coumarins are a promising drug design and development scaffold due to their synthetic versatility and unique physicochemical properties. Numerous examples reported in scientific literature, mainly by in silico prospection, demonstrate their potential contribution to the rapid development of drugs against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and other emergent and reemergent viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara da Silva Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lidilhone Hamerski
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Ladebo L, Rasmussen L, Jensen PB, Lindahl M, Øvrehus A, Hallas J, Reilev M. Use of molnupiravir: A Danish nationwide drug utilization study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2024; 33:e5700. [PMID: 37743261 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe utilization patterns, characteristics of users and prescribers of the new oral antiviral medication, molnupiravir, indicated for mild-to-moderate COVID-19. METHODS Using nationwide registries, we identified all Danish adults who filled a prescription for molnupiravir from December 16th, 2021, to August 31st, 2022. We described weekly incidence rates and patient characteristics over time, prescriber characteristics as well as time between molnupiravir initiation and a positive SARs-CoV-2 test. Patient characteristics were compared to matched, untreated SARS-CoV-2 positive reference groups. RESULTS By August 31st, 2022, 5847 individuals had filled a prescription for molnupiravir. The incidence rate gradually increased to 16 weekly prescriptions per 1000 RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positives. Users of molnupiravir were most often men (55% vs. 45% women). The majority (81%) had a positive RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test and few (2.9%) redeemed molnupiravir outside the recommended window of 5 days from the positive test result. Compared to matched, untreated SARS-CoV-2 positive reference groups, users of molnupiravir had a median age of 74 years versus 49 years, a higher proportion resided in a nursing home (12% vs. 1.5%) and had a higher number of comorbidities (median of 3 vs. 0); most commonly hypertension (38%), chronic lung disease (35%), diabetes (20%) and mood disorders (20%). General practitioners were the primary prescribers of molnupiravir (91%). CONCLUSIONS Molnupiravir was mainly prescribed by general practitioners to RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals who had a potentially increased risk of severe COVID-19. Though some off-label prescribing occurred, our study indicates a high level of adherence to contemporary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ladebo
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lotte Rasmussen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjødstrup Jensen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Øvrehus
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Clinical Research Unit University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hallas
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Reilev
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Yang S, Huang X, Li S, Wang C, Jansen CA, Savelkoul HFJ, Liu G. Linoleic acid: a natural feed compound against porcine epidemic diarrhea disease. J Virol 2023; 97:e0170023. [PMID: 38009930 PMCID: PMC10734519 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01700-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a pig coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, but as no effective drugs are available, this virus threatens the pig industry. Here, we found that the intestinal contents of specific pathogen-free pigs effectively blocked PEDV invasion. Through proteomic and metabolic analyses of the intestinal contents, we screened 10 metabolites to investigate their function and found that linoleic acid (LA) significantly inhibited PEDV replication. Further investigations revealed that LA inhibited viral replication and release mainly by binding with PEDV NSP5 to regulate the PI3K pathway and, in particular, inhibiting AKT phosphorylation. In vivo experiments illustrated that orally administered LA protected pigs from PEDV challenge and severe diarrhea. These findings provide strong support for exploring antiviral drugs for coronavirus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Caiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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18
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Lombardo D, Musolino C, Chines V, Caminiti G, Palermo C, Cacciola I, Raffa G, Pollicino T. Assessing Genomic Mutations in SARS-CoV-2: Potential Resistance to Antiviral Drugs in Viral Populations from Untreated COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 38276171 PMCID: PMC10821222 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 variants mutated in genomic regions targeted by antiviral drugs have not been extensively studied. This study investigated the potential of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex subunits and non-structural protein (Nsp)5 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to accumulate natural mutations that could affect the efficacy of antiviral drugs. To this aim, SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences isolated from 4155 drug-naive individuals from southern Italy were analyzed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing of the 4155 samples showed the following viral variant distribution: 71.2% Delta, 22.2% Omicron, and 6.4% Alpha. In the Nsp12 sequences, we found 84 amino acid substitutions. The most common one was P323L, detected in 3777/4155 (91%) samples, with 2906/3777 (69.9%) also showing the G671S substitution in combination. Additionally, we identified 28, 14, and 24 different amino acid substitutions in the Nsp5, Nsp7, and Nsp8 genomic regions, respectively. Of note, the V186F and A191V substitutions, affecting residues adjacent to the active site of Nsp5 (the target of the antiviral drug Paxlovid), were found in 157/4155 (3.8%) and 3/4155 (0.07%) samples, respectively. In conclusion, the RdRp complex subunits and the Nsp5 genomic region exhibit susceptibility to accumulating natural mutations. This susceptibility poses a potential risk to the efficacy of antiviral drugs, as these mutations may compromise the drug ability to inhibit viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lombardo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Cristina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Valeria Chines
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Caminiti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Claudia Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Irene Cacciola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Teresa Pollicino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (D.L.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (C.P.); (I.C.); (G.R.)
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Shin SY, Lee JH, Kim JW, Im WR, Damodar K, Woo HR, Kim WK, Lee JT, Jeon SH. Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Tabamide A and Its Structural Derivatives against Influenza Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17296. [PMID: 38139128 PMCID: PMC10744247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause severe endemic respiratory infections in both humans and animals worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant viral strains requires the development of new influenza therapeutics. Tabamide A (TA0), a phenolic compound isolated from tobacco leaves, is known to have antiviral activity. We investigated whether synthetic TA0 and its derivatives exhibit anti-influenza virus activity. Analysis of structure-activity relationship revealed that two hydroxyl groups and a double bond between C7 and C8 in TA0 are crucial for maintaining its antiviral action. Among its derivatives, TA25 showed seven-fold higher activity than TA0. Administration of TA0 or TA25 effectively increased survival rate and reduced weight loss of virus-infected mice. TA25 appears to act early in the viral infection cycle by inhibiting viral mRNA synthesis on the template-negative strand. Thus, the anti-influenza virus activity of TA0 can be expanded by application of its synthetic derivatives, which may aid in the development of novel antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yong Shin
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (W.R.I.)
| | - Joo Hee Lee
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (W.R.I.)
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (W.R.I.)
| | - Wonkyun Ronny Im
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (W.R.I.)
| | - Kongara Damodar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (K.D.); (H.R.W.)
| | - Hyung Ryeol Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (K.D.); (H.R.W.)
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong Tae Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (K.D.); (H.R.W.)
| | - Sung Ho Jeon
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (J.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (W.R.I.)
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20
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Zhang W, Deng H, Liu Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Ribavirin inhibits peste des petits ruminants virus proliferation in vitro. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:464-476. [PMID: 38303996 PMCID: PMC10828777 DOI: 10.17221/56/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, belongs to the genus Morbillivirus. It causes devastating viral diseases in small ruminants and has been rapidly spreading over various regions in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Although vaccination is thought to be an effective management strategy against PPR infections, the heat sensitivity of PPRV vaccines severely restricts their use in regions with hot climates. In this research, we studied the antiviral activities of ribavirin and aimed to understand the potential mechanisms of action of ribavirin in the African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells). In brief, the adsorption, intrusion, replication, and release of PPRV, as well as the mRNA expression level of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), were significantly inhibited in the ribavirin-treated Vero cells compared to those in the PPRV-infected cells that were not treated with ribavirin. Additionally, ribavirin has potential as an antiviral drug against PPRV, and its antiviral activity is mediated by the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hualong Deng
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Shaohong Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - You Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
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Cao Q, Ding Y, Xu Y, Li M, Zheng R, Cao Z, Wang W, Bi Y, Ning G, Xu Y, Zhao R. Small-molecule anti-COVID-19 drugs and a focus on China's homegrown mindeudesivir (VV116). Front Med 2023; 17:1068-1079. [PMID: 38165534 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous efforts to develop therapeutic agents that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to control viral infection. So far, a few small-molecule antiviral drugs, including nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid), remdesivir, and molnupiravir have been marketed for the treatment of COVID-19. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir has been recommended by the World Health Organization as an early treatment for outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, the existing treatment options have limitations, and effective treatment strategies that are cost-effective and convenient for tackling COVID-19 are still needed. To date, four domestically developed oral anti-COVID-19 drugs have been granted conditional market approval in China. These drugs include azvudine, simnotrelvir-ritonavir (Xiannuoxin), leritrelvir, and mindeudesivir (VV116). Preclinical and clinical studies have explored the efficacy and tolerability of mindeudesivir and supported its early use in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases at high risk for progression. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the pharmacological mechanism and therapeutic effects focusing on mindeudesivir and other small-molecule antiviral agents for COVID-19. These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the potential widespread application of China's homegrown anti-COVID-19 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Cao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhujun Cao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Clinical Trials Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Meseko C, Sanicas M, Asha K, Sulaiman L, Kumar B. Antiviral options and therapeutics against influenza: history, latest developments and future prospects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1269344. [PMID: 38094741 PMCID: PMC10716471 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1269344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs and chemotherapeutics have helped to manage devastating impacts of infectious diseases since the concept of 'magic bullet'. The World Health Organization estimates about 650,000 deaths due to respiratory diseases linked to seasonal influenza each year. Pandemic influenza, on the other hand, is the most feared health disaster and probably would have greater and immediate impact on humanity than climate change. While countermeasures, biosecurity and vaccination remain the most effective preventive strategies against this highly infectious and communicable disease, antivirals are nonetheless essential to mitigate clinical manifestations following infection and to reduce devastating complications and mortality. Continuous emergence of the novel strains of rapidly evolving influenza viruses, some of which are intractable, require new approaches towards influenza chemotherapeutics including optimization of existing anti-infectives and search for novel therapies. Effective management of influenza infections depend on the safety and efficacy of selected anti-infective in-vitro studies and their clinical applications. The outcomes of therapies are also dependent on understanding diversity in patient groups, co-morbidities, co-infections and combination therapies. In this extensive review, we have discussed the challenges of influenza epidemics and pandemics and discoursed the options for anti-viral chemotherapies for effective management of influenza virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Meseko
- Regional Centre for Animal Influenza, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Melvin Sanicas
- Medical and Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kumari Asha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lanre Sulaiman
- Regional Centre for Animal Influenza, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Binod Kumar
- Department of Antiviral Research, Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Liu Y, Fan S, Xu A, Ge L, Wang X, Dong X, Xu M, Fan W, Zhong W, Liang X. Efficacy and safety of molnupiravir in patients with Omicron variant vaccine breakthrough COVID-19 infection: a randomized, controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1197671. [PMID: 38034986 PMCID: PMC10687146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1197671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Randomized, controlled trials of molnupiravir in real-world use during the Omicron wave are scarce. The frequency of hospitalization and death is low, so further research is needed to confirm the virological efficacy of molnupiravir. Methods: A single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted, and 111 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1. Fifty-three patients in the molnupiravir group were administered 800 mg of molnupiravir twice daily for 5 days in addition to the standard therapy, and 58 patients in the control group only received the standard therapy in accordance with local guidelines. The antiviral effect and adverse events were evaluated during the follow-up. Results: The median viral clearance time in the molnupiravir group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (p = 0.003). Furthermore, patients who started molnupiravir therapy within 3 days had significantly shorter viral clearance time than the controls (p = 0.003). In the vaccinated subgroup, molnupiravir therapy was also associated with a shorter viral clearance time (p = 0.003). A total of three adverse events, which were minor, were reported in the molnupiravir group. One of the patients had mild liver function abnormalities, and all of them were resolved without intervention. However, the remission time was similar between the two tested groups. Conclusion: Molnupiravir exhibited good viral replication inhibitor efficacy in patients with Omicron variant vaccine breakthrough COVID-19 infection. Clinical Trial Registration: [https://www.chictr.org.cn/], identifier [ChiCTR2200059796].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Aijing Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxiao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhan Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Li Y, Huo S, Yin Z, Tian Z, Huang F, Liu P, Liu Y, Yu F. The current state of research on influenza antiviral drug development: drugs in clinical trial and licensed drugs. mBio 2023; 14:e0127323. [PMID: 37610204 PMCID: PMC10653855 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01273-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses (IVs) threaten global human health due to the high morbidity, infection, and mortality rates. Currently, the influenza drugs recommended by the FDA are oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and baloxavir marboxil. Notably, owing to the high variability of IVs, no drug exists that can effectively treat all types and subtypes of IVs. Moreover, the current trend of drug resistance is likely to continue as the viral genome is constantly mutating. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs related to the treatment of influenza to deal with the next pandemic. Here, we summarized the cutting-edge research in mechanism of action, inhibitory activity, and clinical efficacy of drugs that have been approved and drugs that are still in clinical trials for influenza treatment. We hope this review will provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on influenza antivirals and generate hypotheses for screens and development of new broad-spectrum influenza drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbai Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shanshan Huo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zuguang Tian
- Baoding City Science and Technology Bureau, Baoding, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Tongzhou District Center For Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Wild Animal Health Center, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Lee IG, Lee J, Hong SH, Seo YJ. Apigenin's Therapeutic Potential Against Viral Infection. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:237. [PMID: 37919082 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2810237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Several antiviral drugs are clinically approved to treat influenza that is a highly prevalent acute respiratory disease. However, emerging drug-resistant virus strains undermine treatment efficacy, highlighting the exigency for novel antiviral drugs to counter these drug-resistant strains. Plants and their derivates have been historically utilized as medicinal remedies, and extensive studies have evidenced the antiviral potential of phytochemicals. Notably, apigenin is a predominant flavonoid with minimal toxicity and substantial therapeutic effects in various disease models. Despite its many anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and other beneficial bioactivities, existing reviews have yet to focus on apigenin's antiviral effects. Therefore, this review elucidates apigenin's therapeutic and antiviral properties in vitro and in vivo, discussing its mode of action and future prospects. Apigenin's remarkable inhibition by modulating multiple mechanisms against viruses has promising potential for novel plant-derived antiviral drugs and further clinical study developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Gu Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 07804 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Singh RK, Tiwari A, Satone PD, Priya T, Meshram RJ. Updates in the Management of Dengue Shock Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46713. [PMID: 38021722 PMCID: PMC10631559 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a very serious public health problem that can manifest a wide range of symptoms from asymptomatic to fatal conditions, such as dengue shock syndrome (DSS). It is a life-threatening mosquito-borne viral infection widely spread in tropical areas. Dengue virus transmission occurs from an infected Aedes mosquito to humans. Various factors are responsible for the occurrence of the disease, such as viral load, age of the host, immune status of the host, and genetic variability. Dengue infection occurs in three phases: febrile, critical, and recovery. The febrile phase lasts for seven days and manifests symptoms such as high-grade fever, headache, arthralgia, and backache, and in some cases, the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract are also involved. Severe dengue is characterized by endothelial dysfunction that causes vascular permeability and plasma leakage. The fundamental mechanisms of these immune pathologies are not yet known. Dengue manifests various complications such as dengue encephalopathy, encephalitis, stroke, ocular involvement, acute transverse myelitis, myalgia, and cerebellar syndrome, but the most commonly seen is liver involvement. Dengue is managed supportively because there are no proven curative treatments. The cornerstone of care during the critical period of dengue is prudent fluid resuscitation. The first fluid of preference is a crystalloid. Prophylactic transfusion of platelets is not advised. The occurrence of four antigenically different dengue virus serotypes, each able to elicit a cross-reactive and disease-enhancing antibody response against the other three serotypes, has made the creation of the dengue vaccine a difficult undertaking. The development of a dengue vaccine has faced significant challenges due to a lack of the best animal models and a variety of immunological conditions in people, particularly in endemic locations. Dengvaxia is a live attenuated vaccine, which was developed by Sanofi. It is made up of four chimeric vaccine viruses produced by Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshit K Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Aakriti Tiwari
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prasiddhi D Satone
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tannu Priya
- Department of Paediatrics, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Shirdi, IND
| | - Revat J Meshram
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Badizadegan K, Kalkowska DA, Thompson KM. Health Economic Analysis of Antiviral Drugs in the Global Polio Eradication Endgame. Med Decis Making 2023; 43:850-862. [PMID: 37577803 PMCID: PMC10680042 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x231191127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polio antiviral drugs (PAVDs) may provide a critical tool in the eradication endgame by stopping poliovirus infections in immunodeficient individuals who may not clear the virus without therapeutic intervention. Although prolonged/chronic poliovirus excreters are rare, they represent a source of poliovirus reintroduction into the general population. Prior studies that assumed the successful cessation of all oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) use estimated the potential upper bound of the incremental net benefits (INBs) of resource investments in research and development of PAVDs. However, delays in polio eradication, OPV cessation, and the development of PAVDs necessitate an updated economic analysis to reevaluate the costs and benefits of further investments in PAVDs. METHODS Using a global integrated model of polio transmission, immunity, vaccine dynamics, risks, and economics, we explore the risks of reintroduction of polio transmission due to immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) excreters and reevaluate the upper bound of the INBs of PAVDs. RESULTS Under the current conditions, for which the use of OPV will likely continue for the foreseeable future, even with successful eradication of type 1 wild poliovirus by the end of 2023 and continued use of Sabin OPV for outbreak response, we estimate an upper bound INB of 60 million US$2019. With >100 million US$2019 already invested in PAVD development and with the introduction of novel OPVs that are less likely to revert to neurovirulence, our analysis suggests the expected INBs of PAVDs would not offset their costs. CONCLUSIONS While PAVDs could play an important role in the polio endgame, their expected economic benefits drop with ongoing OPV use and poliovirus transmissions. However, stakeholders may pursue the development of PAVDs as a desired product regardless of their economic benefits.HighlightsWhile polio antiviral drugs could play an important role in the polio endgame, their expected economic benefits continue to drop with delays in polio eradication and the continued use of oral poliovirus vaccines.The incremental net benefits of investments in polio antiviral drug development and screening for immunodeficiency-related circulating polioviruses are small.Limited global resources are better spent on increasing global population immunity to polioviruses to stop and prevent poliovirus transmission.
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Pochtovyi AA, Kustova DD, Siniavin AE, Dolzhikova IV, Shidlovskaya EV, Shpakova OG, Vasilchenko LA, Glavatskaya AA, Kuznetsova NA, Iliukhina AA, Shelkov AY, Grinkevich OM, Komarov AG, Logunov DY, Gushchin VA, Gintsburg AL. In Vitro Efficacy of Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineages XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.4, BQ.1.1.45, CH.1.1, and CL.1. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1533. [PMID: 37896937 PMCID: PMC10611309 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 continues, expressed by periodic wave-like increases in morbidity and mortality. The reason for the periodic increases in morbidity is the emergence and spread of novel genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2. A decrease in the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been reported, especially against Omicron subvariants. There have been reports of a decrease in the efficacy of specific antiviral drugs as a result of mutations in the genes of non-structural proteins. This indicates the urgent need for practical healthcare to constantly monitor pathogen variability and its effect on the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic drugs. As part of this study, we report the results of the continuous monitoring of COVID-19 in Moscow using genetic and virological methods. As a result of this monitoring, we determined the dominant genetic variants and identified the variants that are most widespread, not only in Moscow, but also in other countries. A collection of viruses from more than 500 SARS-CoV-2 isolates has been obtained and characterized. The genetic lines XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.4, BQ.1.1.45, CH.1.1, and CL.1, representing the greatest concern, were identified among the dominant variants. We studied the in vitro efficacy of mAbs Tixagevimab + Cilgavimab (Evusheld), Sotrovimab, Regdanvimab, Casirivimab + Imdevimab (Ronapreve), and Bebtelovimab, as well as the specific antiviral drugs Remdesivir, Molnupiravir, and Nirmatrelvir, against these genetic lines. At the current stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of mAbs developed against early SARS-CoV-2 variants has little prospect. Specific antiviral drugs retain their activity, but further monitoring is needed to assess the risk of their efficacy being reduced and adjust recommendations for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A. Pochtovyi
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria D. Kustova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E. Siniavin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V. Dolzhikova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Elena V. Shidlovskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | | | - Lyudmila A. Vasilchenko
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Arina A. Glavatskaya
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Anna A. Iliukhina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Artem Y. Shelkov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Olesia M. Grinkevich
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | | | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.K.)
- Department of Infectiology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Costa B, Vale N. Exploring HERV-K (HML-2) Influence in Cancer and Prospects for Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14631. [PMID: 37834078 PMCID: PMC10572383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review investigates the intricate role of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in cancer development and progression, explicitly focusing on HERV-K (HML-2). This paper sheds light on the latest research advancements and potential treatment strategies by examining the historical context of HERVs and their involvement in critical biological processes such as embryonic development, immune response, and disease progression. This review covers computational modeling for drug-target binding assessment, systems biology modeling for simulating HERV-K viral cargo dynamics, and using antiviral drugs to combat HERV-induced diseases. The findings presented in this review contribute to our understanding of HERV-mediated disease mechanisms and provide insights into future therapeutic approaches. They emphasize why HERV-K holds significant promise as a biomarker and a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Costa
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Jiang H, Wang T, Kong L, Li B, Peng Q. Reverse Genetics Systems for Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Coronaviruses and Applications. Viruses 2023; 15:2003. [PMID: 37896780 PMCID: PMC10611186 DOI: 10.3390/v15102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging swine coronaviruses (CoVs), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome-CoV (SADS-CoV), cause severe diarrhea in neonatal piglets, and CoV infection is associated with significant economic losses for the swine industry worldwide. Reverse genetics systems realize the manipulation of RNA virus genome and facilitate the development of new vaccines. Thus far, five reverse genetics approaches have been successfully applied to engineer the swine CoV genome: targeted RNA recombination, in vitro ligation, bacterial artificial chromosome-based ligation, vaccinia virus -based recombination, and yeast-based method. This review summarizes the advantages and limitations of these approaches; it also discusses the latest research progress in terms of their use for virus-related pathogenesis elucidation, vaccine candidate development, antiviral drug screening, and virus replication mechanism determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (H.J.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (H.J.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lingbao Kong
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (H.J.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (H.J.); (T.W.)
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
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Bottino P, Pastrone L, Curtoni A, Bondi A, Sidoti F, Zanotto E, Cavallo R, Solidoro P, Costa C. Antiviral Approach to Cytomegalovirus Infection: An Overview of Conventional and Novel Strategies. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2372. [PMID: 37894030 PMCID: PMC10608897 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus capable of establishing a lifelong persistence in the host through a chronic state of infection and remains an essential global concern due to its distinct life cycle, mutations, and latency. It represents a life-threatening pathogen for immunocompromised patients, such as solid organ transplanted patients, HIV-positive individuals, and hematopoietic stem cell recipients. Multiple antiviral approaches are currently available and administered in order to prevent or manage viral infections in the early stages. However, limitations due to side effects and the onset of antidrug resistance are a hurdle to their efficacy, especially for long-term therapies. Novel antiviral molecules, together with innovative approaches (e.g., genetic editing and RNA interference) are currently in study, with promising results performed in vitro and in vivo. Since HCMV is a virus able to establish latent infection, with a consequential risk of reactivation, infection management could benefit from preventive treatment for critical patients, such as immunocompromised individuals and seronegative pregnant women. This review will provide an overview of conventional antiviral clinical approaches and their mechanisms of action. Additionally, an overview of proposed and developing new molecules is provided, including nucleic-acid-based therapies and immune-mediated approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bottino
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Lisa Pastrone
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Antonio Curtoni
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessandro Bondi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Francesca Sidoti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Elisa Zanotto
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Paolo Solidoro
- Pneumology Unit, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A.O.U. “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (E.Z.); (R.C.)
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Yasir M, Lankala CR, Kalyankar P, Ishak A, Mekhail M, Sestacovschi C, Kima E. An Updated Systematic Review on Remdesivir's Safety and Efficacy in Patients Afflicted With COVID-19. Cureus 2023; 15:e43060. [PMID: 37680394 PMCID: PMC10481368 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a significant impact on everyone's lives and put a tremendous strain on healthcare systems. Since the outbreak began, remdesivir has been investigated as a potential treatment for COVID-19 that may be both effective and safe. Remdesivir has had a huge impact on the disease's progression, complications, and mortality. This review provides an updated assessment of the literature regarding remdesivir's efficacy and safety for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus for articles published from 2019 to September 20, 2022. Studies that assessed remdesivir's efficacy and safety were included in this review, with clinical improvements as the primary outcome measure. Seventeen studies were identified following the implementation of the search strategy. Among them, 11 corroborated remdesivir's efficacy. Meanwhile, the remaining six studies did not observe a statistically significant difference in clinical improvement. Remdesivir is a potentially safe and effective antiviral that shows clinical improvement especially when used during the early course of the disease. However, current literature still questions its safety in patients who are afflicted with the complications of COVID-19, highlighting the need for studies on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yasir
- Division of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Pravin Kalyankar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| | - Angela Ishak
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - Mario Mekhail
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Long Island Community Hospital, New York, USA
| | | | - Elias Kima
- Division of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA
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De Rose DU, Bompard S, Maddaloni C, Bersani I, Martini L, Santisi A, Longo D, Ronchetti MP, Dotta A, Auriti C. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: From the maternal infection to the child outcome. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29024. [PMID: 37592873 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the recent literature on the management of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in neonates. We summarized the three clinical categories of maternal HSV infection during pregnancy (primary first episode, nonprimary first episode, or recurrent episode) and the mechanisms of fetal damage. Considering when the transmission of the infection from the mother to the fetus/newborn occurs, three types of neonatal infection can be distinguished: intrauterine infection (5% of cases), postnatal infection (10% of cases), and perinatal infections (85% of cases). Neonatal presentation could range from a limited disease with skin, eye, and mouth disease to central nervous system disease or disseminated disease: the treatment with acyclovir should be tailored according to symptoms and signs of infection, and virological tests. These children need a multidisciplinary follow-up, to timely intercept any deviation from normal neurodevelopmental milestones. Prevention strategies remain a challenge, in the absence of an available vaccine against HSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Umberto De Rose
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Bompard
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Maddaloni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Iliana Bersani
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Martini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santisi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Longo
- Neuroradiology Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Dotta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Auriti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University, Rome, Italy
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Palafox MA, Kattan D, de Pedraza Velasco ML, Isasi J, Rani K, Singh SP, Vats JK, Rastogi VK. Base pairs with 5-chloroorotic acid and comparison with the natural nucleobase. Structural and spectroscopic study, and three suggested antiviral modified nucleosides. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37403335 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2226738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
A structural and spectroscopic study of 5-chloroorotic acid (5-ClOA) biomolecule was carried out by IR and FT-Raman and the results obtained were compared to those achieved in 5-fluoroorotic acid and 5-aminoorotic acid compounds. The structures of all possible tautomeric forms were determined using DFT and MP2 methods. To know the tautomer form present in the solid state, the crystal unit cell was optimized through dimer and tetramer forms in several tautomeric forms. The keto form was confirmed through an accurate assignment of all the bands. For this purpose, an additional improvement in the theoretical spectra was carried out using linear scaling equations (LSE) and polynomic equations (PSE) deduced from uracil molecule. Base pairs with uracil, thymine and cytosine nucleobases were optimized and compared to the natural Watson-Crick (WC) pairs. The counterpoise (CP) corrected interaction energies of the base pairs were also calculated. Three nucleosides were optimized based on 5-ClOA as nucleobase, and their corresponding WC pairs with adenosine. These modified nucleosides were inserted in DNA:DNA and RNA:RNA microhelices, which were optimized. The position of the -COOH group in the uracil ring of these microhelices interrupts the DNA/RNA helix formation. Because of the special characteristic of these molecules they can be used as antiviral drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alcolea Palafox
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Kattan
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M L de Pedraza Velasco
- Dpto. de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Isasi
- Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaushal Rani
- Indian Spectroscopy Society, Ghaziabad, India
- Department of Physics, Meerut College, Meerut, India
| | - S P Singh
- Department of Physics, Dr B R Ambedkar Govt Degree College, Mainpuri, India
| | - J K Vats
- P G Department of Physics, Jai Prakash University, Chapra, India
| | - V K Rastogi
- Department of Physics, Meerut College, Meerut, India
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Navitha Reddy G, Jogvanshi A, Naikwadi S, Sonti R. Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir combination: an antiviral therapy for COVID-19. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:943-955. [PMID: 37525997 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2241638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in late November 2021 presaged yet another stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Paxlovid, a co-packaged dosage form of two antiviral drugs (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) developed by Pfizer, received its first FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) and conditional marketing by European Medical Agency in patients at high risk of developing severe COVID-19. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the timeline of the drug nirmatrelvir from its discovery to authorization by FDA. After 1 year of its authorization, numerous studies and reports on paxlovid's use and post-use consequences are available. This review summarizes the complete journey of paxlovid from its development, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approvals, ongoing clinical trials, and safety measures, followed by discussions on recent updates on drug-drug interactions, adverse effects, and relapse of COVID-19. EXPERT OPINION Paxlovid, a new oral antiviral therapy for COVID-19, has shown promising results in clinical trials and has the potential to be effective against the pandemic, particularly for individuals at high risk of severe illness. Comorbidity usage and pharmacovigilance will play a significant stake in the future of paxlovid development. Second-generation Mpro inhibitors play an important role in the upcoming problems associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangireddy Navitha Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Akanksha Jogvanshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sana Naikwadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Rudraraju R, Gartner MJ, Neil JA, Stout ES, Chen J, Needham EJ, See M, Mackenzie-Kludas C, Yang Lee LY, Wang M, Pointer H, Karavendzas K, Abu-Bonsrah D, Drew D, Yang Sun YB, Tan JP, Sun G, Salavaty A, Charitakis N, Nim HT, Currie PD, Tham WH, Porrello E, Polo JM, Humphrey SJ, Ramialison M, Elliott DA, Subbarao K. Parallel use of human stem cell lung and heart models provide insights for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1308-1324. [PMID: 37315523 PMCID: PMC10262339 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily infects the respiratory tract, but pulmonary and cardiac complications occur in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To elucidate molecular mechanisms in the lung and heart, we conducted paired experiments in human stem cell-derived lung alveolar type II (AT2) epithelial cell and cardiac cultures infected with SARS-CoV-2. With CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of ACE2, we demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection of both cell types but that further processing in lung cells required TMPRSS2, while cardiac cells required the endosomal pathway. Host responses were significantly different; transcriptome profiling and phosphoproteomics responses depended strongly on the cell type. We identified several antiviral compounds with distinct antiviral and toxicity profiles in lung AT2 and cardiac cells, highlighting the importance of using several relevant cell types for evaluation of antiviral drugs. Our data provide new insights into rational drug combinations for effective treatment of a virus that affects multiple organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Rudraraju
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gartner
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica A Neil
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Stout
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Elise J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael See
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Charley Mackenzie-Kludas
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leo Yi Yang Lee
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mingyang Wang
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hayley Pointer
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy Karavendzas
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien Drew
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu Bo Yang Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jia Ping Tan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian Salavaty
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Charitakis
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hieu T Nim
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Enzo Porrello
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - David A Elliott
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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De Castro F, Ciardullo G, Fanizzi FP, Prejanò M, Benedetti M, Marino T. Incorporation of N7-Platinated Guanines into Thermus Aquaticus (Taq) DNA Polymerase: Atomistic Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9849. [PMID: 37372996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we elucidated some key aspects of the mechanism of action of the cisplatin anticancer drug, cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2], involving direct interactions with free nucleotides. A comprehensive in silico molecular modeling analysis was conducted to compare the interactions of Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase with three distinct N7-platinated deoxyguanosine triphosphates: [Pt(dien)(N7-dGTP)] (1), cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl(N7-dGTP)] (2), and cis-[Pt(NH3)2(H2O)(N7-dGTP)] (3) {dien = diethylenetriamine; dGTP = 5'-(2'-deoxy)-guanosine-triphosphate}, using canonical dGTP as a reference, in the presence of DNA. The goal was to elucidate the binding site interactions between Taq DNA polymerase and the tested nucleotide derivatives, providing valuable atomistic insights. Unbiased molecular dynamics simulations (200 ns for each complex) with explicit water molecules were performed on the four ternary complexes, yielding significant findings that contribute to a better understanding of experimental results. The molecular modeling highlighted the crucial role of a specific α-helix (O-helix) within the fingers subdomain, which facilitates the proper geometry for functional contacts between the incoming nucleotide and the DNA template needed for incorporation into the polymerase. The analysis revealed that complex 1 exhibits a much lower affinity for Taq DNA polymerase than complexes 2-3. The affinities of cisplatin metabolites 2-3 for Taq DNA polymerase were found to be quite similar to those of natural dGTP, resulting in a lower incorporation rate for complex 1 compared to complexes 2-3. These findings could have significant implications for the cisplatin mechanism of action, as the high intracellular availability of free nucleobases might promote the competitive incorporation of platinated nucleotides over direct cisplatin attachment to DNA. The study's insights into the incorporation of platinated nucleotides into the Taq DNA polymerase active site suggest that the role of platinated nucleotides in the cisplatin mechanism of action may have been previously underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Castro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giada Ciardullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Laboratorio PROMOCS cubo 14C, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Laboratorio PROMOCS cubo 14C, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Centro Ecotekne, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Laboratorio PROMOCS cubo 14C, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy
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Kuroda T, Fukao K, Yoshida S, Oka R, Baba K, Ando Y, Taniguchi K, Noshi T, Shishido T. In Vivo Antiviral Activity of Baloxavir against PA/I38T-Substituted Influenza A Viruses at Clinically Relevant Doses. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051154. [PMID: 37243240 DOI: 10.3390/v15051154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of polymerase acidic (PA)/I38T strains of influenza virus with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir acid is low, there is a possibility of emergence under selective pressure. Furthermore, the virus may be transmitted between humans. We investigated the in vivo efficacy of baloxavir acid and oseltamivir phosphate against influenza A subtypes H1N1, H1N1pdm09, and H3N2, with PA/I38T substitution, at doses simulating human plasma concentrations. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis was performed to strengthen the validity of the findings and the applicability in a clinical setting. Although the antiviral effect of baloxavir acid was attenuated in mice infected with PA/I38T-substituted viral strains compared with the wild type (WT), baloxavir acid significantly reduced virus titers at higher-but clinically relevant-doses. The virus titer reduction with baloxavir acid (30 mg/kg subcutaneous single dose) was comparable to that of oseltamivir phosphate (5 mg/kg orally twice daily) against H1N1 and H1N1pdm09 PA/I38T strains in mice, as well as the H3N2 PA/I38T strain in hamsters. Baloxavir acid demonstrated an antiviral effect against PA/I38T-substituted strains, at day 6, with no further viral rebound. In conclusion, baloxavir acid demonstrated dose-dependent antiviral effects comparable to that of oseltamivir phosphate, even though the degree of lung virus titer reduction was diminished in animal models infected with PA/I38T-substituted strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryoko Oka
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Kaoru Baba
- Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research, Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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Aranda J, Loureiro-Amigo J, Murgadella A, Vàzquez N, Feria L, Muñoz M, Padulles A, Abelenda G, Garcia-Vidal C, Tuset M, Albanell M, Boix-Palop L, Sanmartí-Martínez N, Gómez-Zorrilla S, Echeverria-Esnal D, Rodriguez-Alarcón A, Borjabad B, Coloma A, Carratalà J, Oriol I. Changing Trends in the Global Consumption of Treatments Used in Hospitalized Patients for COVID-19: A Time Series Multicentre Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050809. [PMID: 37237712 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze trends in the prescription of COVID-19 treatments for hospitalized patients during the pandemic. METHODS Multicenter, ecological, time-series study of aggregate data for all adult patients with COVID-19 treated in five acute-care hospitals in Barcelona, Spain, between March 2020 and May 2021. Trends in the monthly prevalence of drugs used against COVID-19 were analyzed by the Mantel-Haenszel test. RESULTS The participating hospitals admitted 22,277 patients with COVID-19 during the study period, reporting an overall mortality of 10.8%. In the first months of the pandemic, lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine were the most frequently used antivirals, but these fell into disuse and were replaced by remdesivir in July 2020. By contrast, the trend in tocilizumab use varied, first peaking in April and May 2020, declining until January 2021, and showing a discrete upward trend thereafter. Regarding corticosteroid use, we observed a notable upward trend in the use of dexamethasone 6 mg per day from July 2020. Finally, there was a high prevalence of antibiotics use, especially azithromycin, in the first three months, but this decreased thereafter. CONCLUSIONS Treatment for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 evolved with the changing scientific evidence during the pandemic. Initially, multiple drugs were empirically used that subsequently could not demonstrate clinical benefit. In future pandemics, stakeholders should strive to promote the early implementation of adaptive randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Aranda
- Infectious Diseases Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Jose Loureiro-Amigo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Anna Murgadella
- Pharmacy Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Núria Vàzquez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Lucía Feria
- Infectious Diseases Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Miriam Muñoz
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ariadna Padulles
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Abelenda
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carol Garcia-Vidal
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Tuset
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Albanell
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Boix-Palop
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | | | - Sílvia Gómez-Zorrilla
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM) (Center Associated with the Universitat Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Echeverria-Esnal
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc De Salut Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM) (Center Associated with the Universitat Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodriguez-Alarcón
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc De Salut Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM) (Center Associated with the Universitat Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Borjabad
- Infectious Diseases Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Ana Coloma
- Infectious Diseases Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Jordi Carratalà
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Clinical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Oriol
- Infectious Diseases Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Clinical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Hessien M, Donia T, Tabll AA, Adly E, Abdelhafez TH, Attia A, Alkafaas SS, Kuna L, Glasnovic M, Cosic V, Smolic R, Smolic M. Mechanistic-Based Classification of Endocytosis-Related Inhibitors: Does It Aid in Assigning Drugs against SARS-CoV-2? Viruses 2023; 15:v15051040. [PMID: 37243127 DOI: 10.3390/v15051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) canonically utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and several other endocytic mechanisms to invade airway epithelial cells. Endocytic inhibitors, particularly those targeting CME-related proteins, have been identified as promising antiviral drugs. Currently, these inhibitors are ambiguously classified as chemical, pharmaceutical, or natural inhibitors. However, their varying mechanisms may suggest a more realistic classification system. Herein, we present a new mechanistic-based classification of endocytosis inhibitors, in which they are segregated among four distinct classes including: (i) inhibitors that disrupt endocytosis-related protein-protein interactions, and assembly or dissociation of complexes; (ii) inhibitors of large dynamin GTPase and/or kinase/phosphatase activities associated with endocytosis; (iii) inhibitors that modulate the structure of subcellular components, especially the plasma membrane, and actin; and (iv) inhibitors that cause physiological or metabolic alterations in the endocytosis niche. Excluding antiviral drugs designed to halt SARS-CoV-2 replication, other drugs, either FDA-approved or suggested through basic research, could be systematically assigned to one of these classes. We observed that many anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs could be included either in class III or IV as they interfere with the structural or physiological integrity of subcellular components, respectively. This perspective may contribute to our understanding of the relative efficacy of endocytosis-related inhibitors and support the optimization of their individual or combined antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2. However, their selectivity, combined effects, and possible interactions with non-endocytic cellular targets need more clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Thoria Donia
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Tabll
- National Research Centre, Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Eiman Adly
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tawfeek H Abdelhafez
- National Research Centre, Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Amany Attia
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Lucija Kuna
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Glasnovic
- Department of Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Cosic
- Department of Paediatrics and Gynaecology with Obstetrics, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Fix J, Descamps D, Galloux M, Ferret C, Bouguyon E, Zohari S, Näslund K, Hägglund S, Altmeyer R, Valarcher JF, Riffault S, Eléouët JF. Screening antivirals with a mCherry-expressing recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus: a proof of concept using cyclopamine. Vet Res 2023; 54:36. [PMID: 37069656 PMCID: PMC10111787 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a pathogenic pneumovirus and a major cause of acute respiratory infections in calves. Although different vaccines are available against BRSV, their efficiency remains limited, and no efficient and large-scale treatment exists. Here, we developed a new reverse genetics system for BRSV expressing the red fluorescent protein mCherry, based on a field strain isolated from a sick calf in Sweden. Although this recombinant fluorescent virus replicated slightly less efficiently compared to the wild type virus, both viruses were shown to be sensitive to the natural steroidal alkaloid cyclopamine, which was previously shown to inhibit human RSV replication. Our data thus point to the potential of this recombinant fluorescent BRSV as a powerful tool in preclinical drug discovery to enable high throughput compound screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Fix
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Delphyne Descamps
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie Galloux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cécile Ferret
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edwige Bouguyon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Siamak Zohari
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Näslund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Hägglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jean-François Valarcher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sabine Riffault
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Denner J. First transplantation of a pig heart from a multiple gene-modified donor, porcine cytomegalovirus/roseolovirus, and antiviral drugs. Xenotransplantation 2023:e12800. [PMID: 37039680 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Denner
- Institute of Virology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Hamaguchi S, Watanabe A, Nakamoto Y, Aita T, Naganuma T, Takahashi S, Nakagawa H. Antiviral medications for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in Japan: a gap of timing between clinical trials and real-world scenarios in a fast-changing pandemic. Ann Clin Epidemiol 2023; 5:65-73. [PMID: 38504726 PMCID: PMC10944978 DOI: 10.37737/ace.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The rapid spread of a novel type of coronavirus infection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has made it difficult to implement the results of clinical trials in real-world situations. After the emergence of the Omicron variant and messenger RNA vaccine, a combination of less virulent but more contagious viruses and more people with protective immunity has resulted in a larger number of patients with less severe, mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Many patients with severe conditions did not have extensive viral pneumonia frequently seen in the "pre-Omicron" era but had serious complications due to aggravation of underlying comorbidities or secondary bacterial infections. Most clinical trials for new antiviral drugs were conducted in the "pre-Omicron" period based on a different set of background patient characteristics than the ones seen in the Omicron period. Understanding situational differences due to the gap in the timing between clinical trials and the practical use of drugs for COVID-19 will assist in developing an effective treatment strategy in real-world practice. In this seminar, we reviewed antiviral treatments for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 from the viewpoint of the difference in patient backgrounds between clinical trials and real-world studies, focusing on drugs currently used in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya Watanabe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Yohei Nakamoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Tetsuro Aita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Toru Naganuma
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
- Futaba Emergency and General Medicine Support Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Sei Takahashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
- Futaba Emergency and General Medicine Support Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hiroaki Nakagawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, Fukushima Medical University
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44
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Zhang F, Xu LD, Zhang Q, Wang A, Yu X, Liu S, Chen C, Wu S, Jin J, Lin A, Neculai D, Zhao B, Feng XH, Liang T, Xu P, Huang YW. Targeting proteostasis of the HEV replicase to combat infection in preclinical models. J Hepatol 2023; 78:704-716. [PMID: 36574921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Appropriate treatment options are lacking for hepatitis E virus (HEV)-infected pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Thus, we aimed to identify efficient anti-HEV drugs through high-throughput screening, validate them in vitro and in vivo (in a preclinical animal study), and elucidate their underlying antiviral mechanism of action. METHODS Using appropriate cellular and rodent HEV infection models, we studied a critical pathway for host-HEV interactions and performed a preclinical study of the corresponding antivirals, which target proteostasis of the HEV replicase. RESULTS We found 17 inhibitors that target HEV-HSP90 interactions by unbiased compound library screening on human hepatocytes harboring an HEV replicon. Inhibitors of HSP90 (iHSP90) markedly suppressed HEV replication with efficacy exceeding that of conventional antivirals (IFNα and ribavirin) in vitro. Mechanistically, iHSP90 treatment released the viral replicase ORF1 protein from the ORF1-HSP90 complex and triggered rapid ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of ORF1, resulting in abrogated HEV replication. Furthermore, a preclinical trial in a Mongolian gerbil HEV infection model showed this novel anti-HEV strategy to be safe, efficient, and able to prevent HEV-induced liver damage. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we uncover a proteostatic pathway that is critical for host-HEV interactions and we provide a foundation from which to translate this new understanding of the HEV life cycle into clinically promising antivirals. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Appropriate treatment options for hepatitis E virus (HEV)-infected pregnant women and immunocompromised patients are lacking; hence, there is an urgent need for safe and effective HEV-specific therapies. This study identified new antivirals (inhibitors of HSP90) that significantly limit HEV infection by targeting the viral replicase for degradation. Moreover, these anti-HEV drugs were validated in an HEV rodent model and were found to be safe and efficient for prevention of HEV-induced liver injury in preclinical experiments. Our findings substantially promote the understanding of HEV pathobiology and pave the way for antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ling-Dong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ailian Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyuan Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengduo Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (ZJU-HIC), Hangzhou, 310058, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shiying Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianping Jin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dante Neculai
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (ZJU-HIC), Hangzhou, 310058, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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45
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Tian F, Chen Z, Feng Q. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir compared with other antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28732. [PMID: 37183808 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
At present, there are some differences in the research results of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir compared with other antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir compared with other antiviral drugs and the impact of different antiviral drugs on the short- and long-term effects of COVID-19. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Web of Science, Google Scholar, and MedRxiv were searched to identify relevant studies from inception to March 30, 2023. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the effects of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir compared with other antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients and safety outcomes. The RoB1 and ROBINS-I were used to assess the bias risk of the included studies. Revman 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis (PROSPERO Code No: CRD42023397816). Twelve studies were included, including 30 588 COVID-19 patients, of whom 13 402 received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir. The meta-analysis results showed that the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group had a lower proportion of patients than the control group in terms of long-term mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.66), hospitalization (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.37-0.53, short term; OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36-0.77, long term), and disease progression (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.83, short term; OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.48-0.74, long term), and nirmatrelvir ritonavir showed little difference in safety compared to the control group. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir can reduce the mortality and hospitalization of COVID-19 patients compared with other antiviral drugs. Further large-scale studies remain to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyi Feng
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, West China Hospital, Precision Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yuyukina SK, Barmatov AE, Bizyaev SN, Stetsenko DA, Sergeeva OV, Zatsepin TS, Zharkov DO. Activity of nsp14 Exonuclease from SARS-CoV-2 towards RNAs with Modified 3'-Termini. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2023; 509:65-69. [PMID: 37340295 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672923700102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the urgent need for new treatments for coronavirus infections. Nucleoside analogs were successfully used to inhibit replication of some viruses through the incorporation into the growing DNA or RNA chain. However, the replicative machinery of coronaviruses contains nsp14, a non-structural protein with a 3'→5'-exonuclease activity that removes misincorporated and modified nucleotides from the 3' end of the growing RNA chain. Here, we studied the efficiency of hydrolysis of RNA containing various modifications in the 3'-terminal region by SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 exonuclease and its complex with the auxiliary protein nsp10. Single-stranded RNA was a preferable substrate compared to double-stranded RNA, which is consistent with the model of transfer of the substrate strand to the exonuclease active site, which was proposed on the basis of structural analysis. Modifications of the phosphodiester bond between the penultimate and last nucleotides had the greatest effect on nsp14 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yuyukina
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - A E Barmatov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S N Bizyaev
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D A Stetsenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O V Sergeeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T S Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D O Zharkov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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47
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Iorio C, Manfroni G. Truth and lies about the use of old drugs against COVID-19: have we learned the lesson? Future Med Chem 2023; 15:399-403. [PMID: 36999380 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Iorio
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences & Education, University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini 1, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, Perugia, 06123, Italy
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48
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Kumar R, Barua S, Tripathi BN, Kumar N. Role of ROCK signaling in virus replication. Virus Res 2023; 329:199105. [PMID: 36977446 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) is a serine-threonine kinase and is a major downstream effecter of the small GTPaseRhoA. Upon activation, Rho/ROCK cell signaling pathway regulates cell morphology, polarity, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Recent years have highlighted the role of ROCK signalling pathway in the replication of diverse group of viruses. Cell contractions and membrane blebbing induced by certain group of viruses is mediated via ROCK signaling and facilitate virus replication by sequestration of cellular factors and anchoring them at replication sites (viral factories). Besides, ROCK signaling also stabilizes the nascent viral mRNA for its efficient transcription and translation and, regulates trafficking of the viral proteins. In addition, ROCK signaling is also involved in modulating the immune response to viral infections. This review describes the regulation of virus replication by ROCK signaling with the basic aim of defining it as a target for the development of novel antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
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49
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Bojkova D, Zöller N, Tietgen M, Steinhorst K, Bechtel M, Rothenburger T, Kandler JD, Schneider J, Corman VM, Ciesek S, Rabenau HF, Wass MN, Kippenberger S, Göttig S, Michaelis M, Cinatl J. Repurposing of the antibiotic nitroxoline for the treatment of mpox. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28652. [PMID: 36897017 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The antiviral drugs tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir are considered for mpox (monkeypox) treatment despite a lack of clinical evidence. Moreover, their use is affected by toxic side-effects (brincidofovir, cidofovir), limited availability (tecovirimat), and potentially by resistance formation. Hence, additional, readily available drugs are needed. Here, therapeutic concentrations of nitroxoline, a hydroxyquinoline antibiotic with a favourable safety profile in humans, inhibited the replication of 12 mpox virus isolates from the current outbreak in primary cultures of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts and a skin explant model by interference with host cell signalling. Tecovirimat, but not nitroxoline, treatment resulted in rapid resistance development. Nitroxoline remained effective against the tecovirimat-resistant strain and increased the anti-mpox virus activity of tecovirimat and brincidofovir. Moreover, nitroxoline inhibited bacterial and viral pathogens that are often co-transmitted with mpox. In conclusion, nitroxoline is a repurposing candidate for the treatment of mpox due to both antiviral and antimicrobial activity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Bojkova
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadja Zöller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuela Tietgen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katja Steinhorst
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Bechtel
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tamara Rothenburger
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joshua D Kandler
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Schneider
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, DZIF, External partner site, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Holger F Rabenau
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark N Wass
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Göttig
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Dr. Petra Joh-Forschungshaus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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50
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Antiviral drugs for COVID-19 in vaccinated outpatients. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2023; 65:33-4. [PMID: 36877280 DOI: 10.58347/tml.2023.1671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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