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Ram Munnangi S, Narala N, Lakkala P, Kumar Vemula S, Repka M. Assessing Abuse-Deterrent formulations utilizing Ion-Exchange resin complexation processed via Twin-Screw granulation for improved safety and effectiveness. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114230. [PMID: 38373555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Opioid misuse is a public health crisis in the United States. In response, the FDA has approved drug products with abuse-deterrent features to reduce the risk of prescription opioid abuse. Abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs) typically employ physical or chemical barriers or incorporate agonist-antagonist combinations as mechanisms to deter misuse. This study aims to assess the impact of abuse-deterrent properties, specifically ion-exchange resin complexation as a chemical barrier, on a model drug, promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ) tablets. Various formulations were developed through twin-screw wet granulation (TSWG) followed by twin-screw melt granulation (TSMG). In the TSWG process, the drug interacts with the resin through an exchange reaction, forming a drug-resin complex. Additionally, the study explored factors influencing the complex formation between the drug and resin, using the drug loading status as an indicator. DSC and ATR studies were carried out to confirm the formation of the drug-resin complex. Subsequently, hot melt granulation was employed to create a matrix tablet incorporating Kollidon® SR and Kollicoat® MAE 100P, thereby enabling sustained release properties. The drug-resin complex embedded in the matrix effectively deters abuse through methods like smoking, snorting, or parenteral injection, unless the drug can be extracted. In order to assess this, solvent extraction studies were conducted using an FDA-recommended solvents, determining the potential for abuse. Further investigations involved dissolution tests in change-over media, confirming the extended-release properties of the formulation. Results from dissolution studies comparing the ground and intact tablets provided positive evidence of the formulation's effectiveness in deterring abuse. Finally, alcohol-induced dose-dumping studies were conducted in compliance with FDA guidelines, concluding that the formulation successfully mitigates dose dumping in the presence of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Zhang P, Li J, Ashour EA, Chung S, Wang H, Vemula SK, Repka MA. Development of multiple structured extended release tablets via hot melt extrusion and dual-nozzle fused deposition modeling 3D printing. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123905. [PMID: 38355075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to fabricate extended release (ER) tablets using a dual-nozzle fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing technology based on hot melt extrusion (HME), using caffeine as the model compound. Three different ER tablets were developed, which obtained "delayed-release", "rapid-sustained release", and "release-lag-release" properties. Each type of tablet was printed with two different formulations. A novel printing method was employed in this study, which is to push the HME filament from behind with polylactic acid (PLA) to prevent sample damage by gears during the printing process. Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that caffeine was predominately amorphous in the final tablets. The dissolution of 3D printed tablets was assessed using a USP-II dissolution apparatus. ER tablets containing PVA dissolved faster than those developed with Kollicoat IR. Overall, this study revealed that ER tablets were successfully manufactured through HME paired with dual-nozzle FDM 3D printing and demonstrated the power of 3D printing in developing multi-layer tablets with complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jinghan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sooyeon Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Honghe Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Patil H, Vemula SK, Narala S, Lakkala P, Munnangi SR, Narala N, Jara MO, Williams RO, Terefe H, Repka MA. Hot-Melt Extrusion: from Theory to Application in Pharmaceutical Formulation-Where Are We Now? AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:37. [PMID: 38355916 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is a globally recognized, robust, effective technology that enhances the bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients and offers an efficient continuous manufacturing process. The twin-screw extruder (TSE) offers an extremely resourceful customizable mixer that is used for continuous compounding and granulation by using different combinations of conveying elements, kneading elements (forward and reverse configuration), and distributive mixing elements. TSE is thus efficiently utilized for dry, wet, or melt granulation not only to manufacture dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, or granule-filled sachets, but also for designing novel formulations such as dry powder inhalers, drying units for granules, nanoextrusion, 3D printing, complexation, and amorphous solid dispersions. Over the past decades, combined academic and pharmaceutical industry collaborations have driven novel innovations for HME technology, which has resulted in a substantial increase in published articles and patents. This article summarizes the challenges and models for executing HME scale-up. Additionally, it covers the benefits of continuous manufacturing, process analytical technology (PAT) considerations, and regulatory requirements. In summary, this well-designed review builds upon our earlier publication, probing deeper into the potential of twin-screw extruders (TSE) for various new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Patil
- Department of Product Development, Catalent Pharma Solutions, 14 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, New Jersey, 08873, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Miguel O Jara
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Hibreniguss Terefe
- Department of Product Development, Catalent Pharma Solutions, 14 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, New Jersey, 08873, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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Narala S, Ali Youssef AA, Munnangi SR, Narala N, Lakkala P, Vemula SK, Repka M. 3D printing in vaginal drug delivery: a revolution in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38236621 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2306139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Food and Drug Administration's approval of the first three-dimensional (3D) printed tablet, Spritam®, led to a burgeoning interest in using 3D printing to fabricate numerous drug delivery systems for different routes of administration. The high degree of manufacturing flexibility achieved through 3D printing facilitates the preparation of dosage forms with many actives with complex and tailored release profiles that can address individual patient needs. AREAS COVERED This comprehensive review provides an in-depth look into the several 3D printing technologies currently utilized in pharmaceutical research. Additionally, the review delves into vaginal anatomy and physiology, 3D-printed drug delivery systems for vaginal applications, the latest research studies, and the challenges of 3D printing technology and future possibilities. EXPERT OPINION 3D printing technology can produce drug-delivery devices or implants optimized for vaginal applications, including vaginal rings, intra-vaginal inserts, or biodegradable microdevices loaded with drugs, all custom-tailored to deliver specific medications with controlled release profiles. However, though the potential of 3D printing in vaginal drug delivery is promising, there are still challenges and regulatory hurdles to overcome before these technologies can be widely adopted and approved for clinical use. Extensive research and testing are necessary to ensure safety, effectiveness, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Vemula SK, Daravath B, Repka M. Quality by design (QbD) approach to develop fast-dissolving tablets using melt-dispersion paired with surface-adsorption method: formulation and pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen melt-dispersion granules. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:3204-3222. [PMID: 37458973 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing amorphous solid dispersions with good flow properties is always challenging for formulation scientists to convert into tablets. Hence, the present study investigates the impact of the combination of melt-dispersion and surface-adsorption methods to prepare melt-dispersion granules with enhanced dissolution rate and flow properties. This study covers the formulation and pharmacokinetic study of fast-dissolving flurbiprofen tablets using PEG 6000 (hydrophilic carrier) and lactose (adsorbent). Response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize independent variables like carrier concentrations and adsorbent concentrations, and their interactions with the dependent variables (responses), including solubility, angle of repose, Carr's index, and cumulative % drug release, were investigated. The optimized formulation was selected based on the numerical optimization method and further investigated for FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffractometry. Then, the optimized formulation was compressed into tablets and evaluated for both in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetics parameters. In vitro dissolution studies revealed that the prepared fast-dissolving tablets released the drug entirely within 15 min (Q15 of F4 tablets: 99.34 ± 1.24%), whereas conventional tablets took around 60 min for complete dissolution. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that fast-dissolving tablets showed 1.38-fold higher peak-plasma concentration (Cmax) and 1.39-fold higher bioavailability than conventional tablets. Overall, this study revealed the successful fabrication of fast-dissolving tablets via melt-dispersion paired with the surface-adsorption method to enhance the flow properties and the dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Bhaskar Daravath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to Be University, Rudraram, Patancheru, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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Mandati P, Nyavanandi D, Narala S, Alzahrani A, Vemula SK, Repka MA. A Comparative Assessment of Cocrystal and Amorphous Solid Dispersion Printlets Developed by Hot Melt Extrusion Paired Fused Deposition Modeling for Dissolution Enhancement and Stability of Ibuprofen. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:203. [PMID: 37783961 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary focus of the research is to study the role of cocrystal and amorphous solid dispersion approaches for enhancing solubility and preserving the stability of a poorly soluble drug, i.e., ibuprofen (IBP). First, the solvent-assisted grinding approach determined the optimum molar ratio of the drug and the coformer (nicotinamide (NIC)). Later, the polymeric filaments of cocrystals and amorphous solid dispersions were developed using the hot melt extrusion (HME) process, and the printlets were fabricated using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing process. In addition, the obtained filaments were also milled and compressed into tablets as reference samples. The formation of cocrystals and amorphous solid dispersions was evaluated and confirmed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The drug release profiles of 3D printlets with 50% infill were found to be faster and are in line with the release profiles of compressed tablets. In addition, the 3D-printed cocrystal formulation was stable for 6 months at accelerated conditions. However, the 3D printlets of amorphous solid dispersions and compressed tablets failed to retain stability attributed to the recrystallization of the drug and loss in tablet mechanical properties. This shows the suitability of a cocrystal platform as a novel approach for developing stable formulations of poorly soluble drug substances over amorphous solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Mandati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Abdullah Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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Vemula SK, Daravath B, Gummadi SB, Repka M. Formulation and Development of Flurbiprofen Colon-Specific Eudragit Coated Matrix Tablets: Use of a Novel Crude Banana Peel Powder as a Time-Dependent Polymer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:189. [PMID: 37726501 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The rationale for the current investigation is to study the crude banana peel (CBP) powder efficiency as a novel natural time-dependent polymer along with a pH-sensitive polymer to develop flurbiprofen colon-specific tablets. The direct compression method is utilized to prepare the flurbiprofen-CBP matrix tablets using 9 mm punches on the rotary tableting machine and subsequently coated with Eudragit® S 100 by a dip coating method. The tablets were evaluated for various tableting properties and in vitro drug release studies. From the results of dissolution studies, the F6 formulation showed negligible drug release (5.76% in 5 h) in the upper gastrointestinal tract and progressive release in the colon (99.08% in 24 h). Mean dissolution time, T10%, and T80% were found to be 13.33 h, 5.8 h, and 20.7 h, respectively, which explains the efficiency of the present combination of polymers for colon-specific drug release. From the dissolution studies results of stability studies, the similarity index was calculated and found to be 74.75. In conclusion, utilizing CBP as a natural, time-dependent polymer in conjunction with Eudragit® S 100 to develop the flurbiprofen tablets seems like a promising approach for delivering drugs specifically to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Bhaskar Daravath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to Be University, Rudraram, Patancheru, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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Nyavanandi D, Mandati P, Narala S, Alzahrani A, Kolimi P, Vemula SK, Repka MA. Twin Screw Melt Granulation: A Single Step Approach for Developing Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Lipophilic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2267. [PMID: 37765237 PMCID: PMC10534719 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research aims to improve the solubility of the poorly soluble drug, i.e., ibuprofen, by developing self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) utilizing a twin screw melt granulation (TSMG) approach. Gelucire® 44/14, Gelucire® 48/16, and Transcutol® HP were screened as suitable excipients for developing the SEDDS formulations. Initially, liquid SEDDS (L-SEDDS) were developed with oil concentrations between 20-50% w/w and surfactant to co-surfactant ratios of 2:1, 4:1, 6:1. The stable formulations of L-SEDDS were transformed into solid SEDDS (S-SEDDS) using a suitable adsorbent carrier and compressed into tablets (T-SEDDS). The S-SEDDS has improved flow, drug release profiles, and permeability compared to pure drugs. The existence of the drug in an amorphous state was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD). The formulations with 20% w/w and 30% w/w of oil concentration and a 4:1 ratio of surfactant to co-surfactant have resulted in a stable homogeneous emulsion with a globule size of 14.67 ± 0.23 nm and 18.54 ± 0.55 nm. The compressed tablets were found stable after six months of storage at accelerated and long-term conditions. This shows the suitability of the TSMG approach as a single-step continuous manufacturing process for developing S-SEDDS formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Preethi Mandati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Abdullah Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Praveen Kolimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Michael A. Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Munnangi SR, Youssef AAA, Narala N, Lakkala P, Vemula SK, Alluri R, Zhang F, Repka MA. Continuous Manufacturing of Solvent-Free Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Enhanced Drug Solubility via Hot-Melt Extrusion: A Quality by Design Approach. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2203. [PMID: 37765172 PMCID: PMC10536280 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional cyclodextrin complexation enhances the solubility of poorly soluble drugs but is solvent-intensive and environmentally unfavorable. This study evaluated solvent-free hot-melt extrusion (HME) for forming cyclodextrin inclusion complexes to improve the solubility and dissolution of ibuprofen (IBU). Molecular docking confirmed IBU's hosting in Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD), while phase solubility revealed its complex stoichiometry and stability. In addition, an 11 mm twin-screw co-rotating extruder with PVP VA-64 as an auxiliary substance aided the complex formation and extrusion. Using QbD and the Box-Behnken design, we studied variables (barrel temperature, screw speed, and polymer concentration) and their impact on solubility and dissolution. The high polymer concentration and high screw speeds positively affected the dependent variables. However, higher temperatures had a negative effect. The lowest barrel temperature set near the Tg of the polymer, when combined with high polymer concentrations, resulted in high torques in HME and halted the extrusion process. Therefore, the temperature and polymer concentration should be selected to provide sufficient melt viscosities to aid the complex formation and extrusion process. Studies such as DSC and XRD revealed the amorphous conversion of IBU, while the inclusion complex formation was demonstrated by ATR and NMR studies. The dissolution of ternary inclusion complexes (TIC) produced from HME was found to be ≥85% released within 30 min. This finding implied the high solubility of IBU, according to the US FDA 2018 guidance for highly soluble compounds containing immediate-release solid oral dosage forms. Overall, the studies revealed the effect of various process parameters on the formation of CD inclusion complexes via HME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Rohit Alluri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Micheal A. Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Munnangi SR, Youssef AAA, Narala N, Lakkala P, Narala S, Vemula SK, Repka M. Drug complexes: Perspective from Academic Research and Pharmaceutical Market. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1519-1540. [PMID: 37138135 PMCID: PMC10156076 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous research efforts, drug delivery through the oral route remains a major challenge to formulation scientists. The oral delivery of drugs poses a significant challenge because more than 40% of new chemical entities are practically insoluble in water. Low aqueous solubility is the main problem encountered during the formulation development of new actives and for generic development. A complexation approach has been widely investigated to address this issue, which subsequently improves the bioavailability of these drugs. This review discusses the various types of complexes such as metal complex (drug-metal ion), organic molecules (drug-caffeine or drug-hydrophilic polymer), inclusion complex (drug-cyclodextrin), and pharmacosomes (drug-phospholipids) that improves the aqueous solubility, dissolution, and permeability of the drug along with the numerous case studies reported in the literature. Besides improving solubility, drug-complexation provides versatile functions like improving stability, reducing the toxicity of drugs, increasing or decreasing the dissolution rate, and enhancing bioavailability and biodistribution. Apart, various methods to predict the stoichiometric ratio of reactants and the stability of the developed complex are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
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Daravath B, Naveen C, Vemula SK, Tadikonda RR. Solubility and dissolution enhancement of flurbiprofen by solid dispersion using hydrophilic carriers. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Daravath
- Max Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India; Acharya Nagarjuna University, India
| | - Chella Naveen
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, India
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Vemula SK, Venisetty RK, Veerareddy PR. Valsartan floating bioadhesive compression-coated mini-tablets: Formulation and pharmacokinetics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vemula SK. A Novel Approach to Flurbiprofen Pulsatile Colonic Release: Formulation and Pharmacokinetics of Double-Compression-Coated Mini-Tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:1465-73. [PMID: 26017285 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant plan is executed in the present study to study the effect of double-compression coating on flurbiprofen core mini-tablets to achieve the pulsatile colonic delivery to deliver the drug at a specific time as per the patho-physiological need of the disease that results in improved therapeutic efficacy. In this study, pulsatile double-compression-coated tablets were prepared based on time-controlled hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100M inner compression coat and pH-sensitive Eudragit S100 outer compression coat. Then, the tablets were evaluated for both physical evaluation and drug-release studies, and to prove these results, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in human volunteers were conducted. From the in vitro drug-release studies, F6 tablets were considered as the best formulation, which retarded the drug release in the stomach and small intestine (3.42 ± 0.12% in 5 h) and progressively released to the colon (99.78 ± 0.74% in 24 h). The release process followed zero-order release kinetics, and from the stability studies, similarity factor between dissolution data before and after storage was found to be 88.86. From the pharmacokinetic evaluation, core mini-tablets producing peak plasma concentration (C max) was 14,677.51 ± 12.16 ng/ml at 3 h T max and pulsatile colonic tablets showed C max = 12,374.67 ± 16.72 ng/ml at 12 h T max. The area under the curve for the mini and pulsatile tablets was 41,238.52 and 72,369.24 ng-h/ml, and the mean resident time was 3.43 and 10.61 h, respectively. In conclusion, development of double-compression-coated tablets is a promising way to achieve the pulsatile colonic release of flurbiprofen.
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Vemula SK, Katkum R. Formulation, Development and Pharmacokinetics of Ketorolac Tromethamine Colon Targeted Guar Gum Compression Coated Tablets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2015.1069755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vemula SK, Katkum R. Colon-specific double-compression coated pulsatile tablets of ketorolac tromethamine: Formulation development and pharmacokinetics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vemula SK. Formulation and pharmacokinetics of colon-specific double-compression coated mini-tablets: Chronopharmaceutical delivery of ketorolac tromethamine. Int J Pharm 2015; 491:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vemula SK. Colon Specific Drug Delivery: Effect of Eudragit Enteric Coating on Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Matrix Tablets of Flurbiprofen. J Young Pharm 2015. [DOI: 10.5530/jyp.2015.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Vemula SK, Vangala M. Formulation Development and Characterization of Meclizine Hydrochloride Sublimated Fast Dissolving Tablets. Int Sch Res Notices 2014; 2014:281376. [PMID: 27355021 PMCID: PMC4897533 DOI: 10.1155/2014/281376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The intention of present research is to formulate and develop the meclizine hydrochloride fast dissolving tablets using sublimation method to enhance the dissolution rate. In this study an attempt was made to fasten the drug release from the oral tablets by incorporating the superdisintegrants and camphor as sublimating agent. The prepared fast dissolving tablets were subjected to precompression properties and characterized for hardness, weight variation, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, and disintegration time. From in vitro release studies, the formulation F9 exhibited fast release profile of about 98.61% in 30 min, and disintegration time 47 sec when compared with other formulations. The percent drug release in 30 min (Q 30) and initial dissolution rate for formulation F9 was 98.61 ± 0.25%, 3.29%/min. These were very much higher compared to marketed tablets (65.43 ± 0.57%, 2.18%/min). The dissolution efficiency was found to be 63.37 and it is increased by 1.4-fold with F9 FDT tablets compared to marketed tablets. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that there was no possibility of interactions. Thus the development of meclizine hydrochloride fast dissolving tablets by sublimation method is a suitable approach to improve the dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- College of Medical and Health Sciences, Wollega University, P.O. Box No 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Chaitanya College of Pharmacy Education and Research, Kishanpura, Hanamkonda, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh 506001, India
| | - Mohan Vangala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chaitanya College of Pharmacy Education and Research, Kishanpura, Hanamkonda, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh 506001, India
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Abstract
CONTEXT Development of solid dispersions is to improve the therapeutic efficacy by increasing the drug solubility, dissolution rate, bioavailability as well as to attain rapid onset of action. OBJECTIVE The present research deals with the development of solid dispersions of flurbiprofen which is poorly water soluble to improve the solubility and dissolution rate using gelucires. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, solid dispersions were prepared following solvent evaporation method using gelucire 44/14 and gelucire 50/13 as carriers in different ratios. Then the formulations were evaluated for different physical parameters, solubility studies, DSC, FTIR studies and in vitro dissolution studies to select the best formulation that shows rapid dissolution rate and finally subjected to pharmacokinetic studies. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From the in vitro dissolution study, formulation F3 showed the better improvement in solubility and dissolution rate. From the pharmacokinetic evaluation, the control tablets produced peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 9140.84 ± 614.36 ng/ml at 3 h Tmax and solid dispersion tablets showed Cmax = 11 445.46 ± 149.23 ng/ml at 2 h Tmax. The area under the curve for the control and solid dispersion tablets was 31 495.16 ± 619.92 and 43 126.52 ± 688.89 ng h/ml and the mean resident time was 3.99 and 3.68 h, respectively. CONCLUSION From the above results, it is concluded that the formulation of gelucire 44/14 solid dispersions is able to improve the solubility, dissolution rate as well as the absorption rate of flurbiprofen than pure form of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Daravath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Shivani College of Pharmacy , Warangal, Andhara Pradesh , India
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Vemula SK, Veerareddy PR, Devadasu VR. Pharmacokinetics of colon-specific pH and time-dependent flurbiprofen tablets. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:301-11. [PMID: 24916715 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Present research deals with the development of compression-coated flurbiprofen colon-targeted tablets to retard the drug release in the upper gastro intestinal system, but progressively release the drug in the colon. Flurbiprofen core tablets were prepared by direct compression method and were compression coated using sodium alginate and Eudragit S100. The formulation is optimized based on the in vitro drug release study and further evaluated by X-ray imaging and pharmacokinetic studies in healthy humans for colonic delivery. The optimized formulation showed negligible drug release (4.33 ± 0.06 %) in the initial lag period followed by progressive release (100.78 ± 0.64 %) for 24 h. The X-ray imaging in human volunteers showed that the tablets reached the colon without disintegrating in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The C max of colon-targeted tablets was 12,374.67 ng/ml at T max 10 h, where as in case of immediate release tablets the C max was 15,677.52 ng/ml at T max 3 h, that signifies the ability of compression-coated tablets to target the colon. Development of compression-coated tablets using combination of time-dependent and pH-sensitive approaches was suitable to target the flurbiprofen to colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chaitanya College of Pharmacy Education and Research, Kishanpura, Hanamkonda, Warangal, 506001, Andhra Pradesh, India,
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