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Nyavanandi D, Mandati P, Narala S, Alzahrani A, Kolimi P, Vemula SK, Repka MA. Twin Screw Melt Granulation: A Single Step Approach for Developing Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Lipophilic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2267. [PMID: 37765237 PMCID: PMC10534719 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research aims to improve the solubility of the poorly soluble drug, i.e., ibuprofen, by developing self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) utilizing a twin screw melt granulation (TSMG) approach. Gelucire® 44/14, Gelucire® 48/16, and Transcutol® HP were screened as suitable excipients for developing the SEDDS formulations. Initially, liquid SEDDS (L-SEDDS) were developed with oil concentrations between 20-50% w/w and surfactant to co-surfactant ratios of 2:1, 4:1, 6:1. The stable formulations of L-SEDDS were transformed into solid SEDDS (S-SEDDS) using a suitable adsorbent carrier and compressed into tablets (T-SEDDS). The S-SEDDS has improved flow, drug release profiles, and permeability compared to pure drugs. The existence of the drug in an amorphous state was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD). The formulations with 20% w/w and 30% w/w of oil concentration and a 4:1 ratio of surfactant to co-surfactant have resulted in a stable homogeneous emulsion with a globule size of 14.67 ± 0.23 nm and 18.54 ± 0.55 nm. The compressed tablets were found stable after six months of storage at accelerated and long-term conditions. This shows the suitability of the TSMG approach as a single-step continuous manufacturing process for developing S-SEDDS formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Preethi Mandati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Abdullah Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Praveen Kolimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
| | - Michael A. Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (D.N.); (P.M.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (P.K.); (S.K.V.)
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Estrada Alvarez SA, Guger I, Febbraro J, Turak A, Lin HR, Salinas Y, Brüggemann O. Synthesis and Spatial Order Characterization of Controlled Silica Particle Sizes Organized as Photonic Crystals Arrays. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5864. [PMID: 36079248 PMCID: PMC9456689 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural occurrence of precious opals, consisting of highly organized silica particles, has prompted interest in the synthesis and formation of these structures. Previous research has shown that a highly organized photonic crystal (PhC) array is only possible when it is based on a low polydispersity index (PDI) sample of particles. In this study, a solvent-only variation method is used to synthesize different sizes of silica particles (SiPs) by following the traditional sol-gel Stöber approach. The controlled rate of the addition of the reagents promoted the homogeneity of the nucleation and growth of the spherical silica particles, which in turn yielded a low PDI. The opalescent PhC were obtained via self-assembly of these particles using a solvent evaporation method. Analysis of the spatial statistics, using Voronoi tessellations, pair correlation functions, and bond order analysis showed that the successfully formed arrays showed a high degree of quasi-hexagonal (hexatic) organization, with both global and local order. Highly organized PhC show potential for developing future materials with tunable structural reflective properties, such as solar cells, sensing materials, and coatings, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Adriana Estrada Alvarez
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Linz Institute of Technology (LIT), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Isabella Guger
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Jana Febbraro
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ayse Turak
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Hong-Ru Lin
- Linz Institute of Technology (LIT), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Nantai St. No.1, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Yolanda Salinas
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Linz Institute of Technology (LIT), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Linz Institute of Technology (LIT), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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Vannozzi L, Catalano E, Telkhozhayeva M, Teblum E, Yarmolenko A, Avraham ES, Konar R, Nessim GD, Ricotti L. Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoflakes Coated with Glycol Chitosan, Propylene Glycol Alginate, and Polydopamine: Characterization and Cytotoxicity in Human Chondrocytes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2105. [PMID: 34443935 PMCID: PMC8399274 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, graphene and its derivatives have been extensively investigated for their interesting properties in many biomedical fields, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nonetheless, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) are still under investigation for improving their dispersibility in aqueous solutions and their safety in different cell types. This work explores the interaction of GO and rGO with different polymeric dispersants, such as glycol chitosan (GC), propylene glycol alginate (PGA), and polydopamine (PDA), and their effects on human chondrocytes. GO was synthesized using Hummer's method, followed by a sonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) process, drying, and thermal reduction to obtain rGO. The flakes of GO and rGO exhibited an average lateral size of 8.8 ± 4.6 and 18.3 ± 8.5 µm, respectively. Their dispersibility and colloidal stability were investigated in the presence of the polymeric surfactants, resulting in an improvement in the suspension stability in terms of average size and polydispersity index over 1 h, in particular for PDA. Furthermore, cytotoxic effects induced by coated and uncoated GO and rGO on human chondrocytes at different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) were assessed through LDH assay. Results showed a concentration-dependent response, and the presence of PGA contributed to statistically decreasing the difference in the LDH activity with respect to the control. These results open the way to a potentially safer use of these nanomaterials in the fields of cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vannozzi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Catalano
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Madina Telkhozhayeva
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Eti Teblum
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Alina Yarmolenko
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Efrat Shawat Avraham
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Rajashree Konar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Gilbert Daniel Nessim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; (M.T.); (E.T.); (A.Y.); (E.S.A.); (R.K.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Suganthi V, Ethiraj S, Anbalagan N, Siddique JF, Vaithilingam M. Encapsulation of Purified Pediocin of Pediococcus Pentosaceus into Liposome Based Nanovesicles and its Antilisterial Effect. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1115-1126. [PMID: 34139970 DOI: 10.2174/2666255814666210617145058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To encapsulate a purified bacteriocin into nanovesicles and check its antibacterial effect Background: Although the use of nano-encapsulated bacteriocins in food matrices is poorly reported, encapsulated nisin can reduce L. monocytogenes counts in whole and skimmed milk and soft cheese. OBJECTIVE The present study deals with the extraction and purification of a bacteriocin from an isolated strain Pediococcus pentosaceus KC692718. A comparative study of the effect of free pediocin and liposome-encapsulated pediocin against Listeria sp. was performed. METHODS The purification of the extracted cell-free supernatant was subjected to ammonium sulphate precipitation, cation exchange chromatography, followed by gel permeation chromatography. The bacteriocin activity and protein concentration were determined using Lowry's method. The characterization of the pure pediocin was also done. Liposome-like nanovesicle was constructed, and the stability of the liposome-encapsulated pediocin was checked. Finally, the antibacterial effect of the free pediocin, liosome, and liposome-encapsulated pediocin was comparatively studied simultaneously. RESULTS The pediocin of 3.6 kDa was purified with a specific activity of 898.8 AU/mg. It remained stable at the pH range of 2.0 - 8.0 for one month when stored at -20°C, while it remained moderately stable above 80°C, . The encapsulated pediocin showed stability since it retained 50% of its initial activity. The encapsulated pediocin showed 89% of encapsulation efficiency Conclusion: The encapsulated pediocin not only improved pediocin stability but also enhanced the controlled release of the antimicrobial substances, enough for inhibiting the foodborne pathogen L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaithiyanathan Suganthi
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. School of BioSciences and Technology, SBST; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvarajan Ethiraj
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. School of BioSciences and Technology, SBST; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivetha Anbalagan
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. School of BioSciences and Technology, SBST; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jannatul Firdous Siddique
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. School of BioSciences and Technology, SBST; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohanasrinivasan Vaithilingam
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences. School of BioSciences and Technology, SBST; Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Alves E, Ntungwe EN, Gregório J, Rodrigues LM, Pereira-Leite C, Caleja C, Pereira E, Barros L, Aguilar-Vilas MV, Rosado C, Rijo P. Characterization of Kefir Produced in Household Conditions: Physicochemical and Nutritional Profile, and Storage Stability. Foods 2021; 10:1057. [PMID: 34064868 PMCID: PMC8150857 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kefir, a traditional fermented food, has numerous health benefits due to its unique chemical composition, which is reflected in its excellent nutritional value. Physicochemical and microbial composition of kefir obtained from fermented milk are influenced by the type of the milk, grain to milk ratio, time and temperature of fermentation, and storage conditions. It is crucial that kefir characteristics are maintained during storage since continuous metabolic activities of residual kefir microbiota may occur. This study aimed to examine the nutritional profile of kefir produced in traditional in use conditions by fermentation of ultra-high temperature pasteurized (UHT) semi-skimmed cow milk using argentinean kefir grains and compare the stability and nutritional compliance of freshly made and refrigerated kefir. Results indicate that kefir produced under home use conditions maintains the expected characteristics with respect to the physicochemical parameters and composition, both after fermentation and after refrigerated storage. This work further contributes to the characterization of this food product that is so widely consumed around the world by focusing on kefir that was produced in a typical household setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Alves
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona’s, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (E.N.N.); (J.G.); (L.M.R.); (C.P.-L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Carretera Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.100, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Epole N. Ntungwe
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona’s, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (E.N.N.); (J.G.); (L.M.R.); (C.P.-L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Carretera Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.100, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - João Gregório
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona’s, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (E.N.N.); (J.G.); (L.M.R.); (C.P.-L.)
| | - Luis M. Rodrigues
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona’s, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (E.N.N.); (J.G.); (L.M.R.); (C.P.-L.)
| | - Catarina Pereira-Leite
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona’s, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (E.N.N.); (J.G.); (L.M.R.); (C.P.-L.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Caleja
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (C.C.); (E.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Eliana Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (C.C.); (E.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (C.C.); (E.P.); (L.B.)
| | - M. Victorina Aguilar-Vilas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Carretera Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.100, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Catarina Rosado
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona’s, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (E.N.N.); (J.G.); (L.M.R.); (C.P.-L.)
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona’s, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.A.); (E.N.N.); (J.G.); (L.M.R.); (C.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Guo H, Wang P, Hu C, Mei H, Zheng J, Zhu J. Forensic comparison analysis of plastic vehicle headlamp lens by gel permeation chromatography and statistical methods. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1464-1471. [PMID: 33764549 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Comparison analysis of vehicle headlamp lens fragments can help establish links between the relevant vehicle with crime scenes or provide useful information to search the related vehicles. Headlamp lenses are mainly made of polycarbonate with very few signature additives, which makes them difficult to be discriminated by commonplace examination methods of infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In this study, molecular weights (Mw) and the polydispersity index (PDI) value of 50 vehicle headlamp lens fragments from different vehicles were measured by gel permeation chromatography, and Hotelling's T2 statistical method was applied to facilitate interpretation of the data. Among the total C 50 2 = 1225 pairs of comparisons between 50 samples, 62 pairs cannot be distinguished, resulting in a discrimination rate of 94.94%. It suggested that the method of gel permeation chromatography and Hotelling's T2 statistical analysis were powerful to make further discrimination between plastic vehicle headlamp lens fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Guo
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China.,Chinese People's Public Security University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Hu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcheng Mei
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Jili Zheng
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
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Witika BA, Smith VJ, Walker RB. A Comparative Study of the Effect of Different Stabilizers on the Critical Quality Attributes of Self-Assembling Nano Co-Crystals. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020182. [PMID: 32102162 PMCID: PMC7076485 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) are antiviral agents used orally to manage HIV/AIDS infection. A pseudo one-solvent bottom-up approach was used to develop and produce nano co-crystals of 3TC and AZT. Equimolar amounts of 3TC dissolved in de-ionized water and AZT in methanol were rapidly injected into a pre-cooled vessel and sonicated at 4 °C. The resultant suspensions were characterized using a Zetasizer. The particle size, polydispersity index and Zeta potential were elucidated. Further characterization was undertaken using powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy. Different surfactants were assessed for their ability to stabilize the nano co-crystals and for their ability to produce nano co-crystals with specific and desirable critical quality attributes (CQA) including particle size (PS) < 1000 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) < 0.500 and Zeta potential (ZP) < -30 mV. All surfactants produced co-crystals in the nanometer range. The PDI and PS are concentration-dependent for all nano co-crystals manufactured while only ZP was within specification when sodium dodecyl sulfate was used in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bwalya A. Witika
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;
| | - Vincent J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140 South Africa;
| | - Roderick B. Walker
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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Said Suliman A, Tom R, Palmer K, Tolaymat I, Younes HM, Arafat B, Elhissi AMA, Najlah M. Development, characterization and stability evaluation of ciprofloxacin-loaded parenteral nutrition nanoemulsions. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:579-587. [PMID: 31967908 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1720237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two licensed total parenteral nanoemulsion formulations (Clinoleic® and Intralipid®) were loaded with ciprofloxacin (CP). The physicochemical characteristics and stability profiles of the formulations were investigated using a range of drug concentrations. Furthermore, formulation stability was evaluated over a period of six months at room temperature (RT) or 4 °C. Loading CP into nanoemulsions resulted in no significant differences in their measured droplet size, polydispersity index (PI), zeta potential, and pH. Drug entrapment efficiency (EE) was relatively high for all formulations, regardless of nanoemulsion type, and the drug release was sustained over 24 h. Stability studies of all formulations were performed at 4 °C and RT for 180 and 60 days, respectively. At 4 °C for 180 days, both Clinoleic® and Intralipid® formulations at a range of drug concentrations (1-10 mg/ml) showed high stabilities measured periodically by the average droplet sizes, PI, pH, and zeta potential values. Similar results, but pH values, were shown when the formulations for both nanoemulsion stored at RT for 60 days. Overall, this study has shown that CP was successfully loaded into clinically licensed TPN lipid nanoemulsions. The resultant CP-loaded nanoemulsion formulations demonstrated desirable physicochemical properties and were stable upon storage at 4 °C for up to six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Said Suliman
- Pharmaceutical Research Group, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Rose Tom
- Pharmaceutical Research Group, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Kirsty Palmer
- Pharmaceutical Research Group, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Ibrahim Tolaymat
- Pharmaceutical Research Group, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Husam M Younes
- Office of Vice President for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basel Arafat
- Pharmaceutical Research Group, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Abdelbary M A Elhissi
- Office of Vice President for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Section, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Najlah
- Pharmaceutical Research Group, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
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Li S, Wang Y, Ma L, Zhang X, Dong S, Liu L, Zhou X, Wang C, Shi Z. Synthesis of PAN with adjustable molecular weight and low polydispersity index (PDI) value via reverse atom transfer radical polymerization. Des Monomers Polym 2019; 22:180-186. [PMID: 31700503 PMCID: PMC6830196 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2019.1678557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (RATRP) of acrylonitrile (AN) was carried out in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with AIBN as initiator, FeCl3•6H2O/triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and FeCl3•6H2O/pentamethyldle-thylenetrlamlne (PMDETA) as catalytic systems, respectively. Effect of reaction time and initiator concentration on polymerization rate, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were investigated in detail. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR) were employed to analyze the chain end of the PAN. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was applied to measure the molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI) of PAN. The polymerization demonstrated a typical pseudo first-order kinetics characteristics as evidenced by the number-average molecular weights (Mn) increasing linearly with monomer conversion; the Mn decreasing with the increasing of the initiator concentration. Meanwhile, the low PDI value (<1.2) indicated the controllability of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Liqun Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xueze Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shaobo Dong
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Li Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xilai Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
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10
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Makoni PA, Wa Kasongo K, Walker RB. Short Term Stability Testing of Efavirenz-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E397. [PMID: 31398820 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The short term stability of efavirenz-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle and nanostructured lipid carrier dispersions was investigated. Hot High Pressure Homogenization with the capability for scale up production was successfully used to manufacture the nanocarriers without the use of toxic organic solvents for the first time. Glyceryl monostearate and Transcutol® HP were used as the solid and liquid lipids. Tween® 80 was used to stabilize the lipid nanocarriers. A Box-Behnken Design was used to identify the optimum operating and production conditions viz., 1100 bar for 3 cycles for the solid lipid nanoparticles and 1500 bar for 5 cycles for nanostructured lipid carriers. The optimized nanocarriers were predicted to exhibit 10% efavirenz loading with 3% and 4% Tween® 80 for solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, respectively. Characterization of the optimized solid lipid nanoparticle and nanostructured lipid carrier formulations in relation to shape, surface morphology, polymorphism, crystallinity and compatibility revealed stable formulations with particle sizes in the nanometer range had been produced. The nanocarriers had excellent efavirenz loading with the encapsulation efficiency >90%. The optimized nanocarriers exhibited biphasic in vitro release patterns with an initial burst release during the initial 0-3 h followed by sustained release over a 24 h period The colloidal systems showed excellent stability in terms of Zeta potential, particle size, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency when stored for 8 weeks at 25 °C/60% RH in comparison to when stored at 40 °C/75% RH. The formulations manufactured using the optimized conditions and composition proved to be physically stable as aqueous dispersions.
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11
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Bhat RS, Almusallam J, Al Daihan S, Al‐Dbass A. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves: characterisation and impact on Staphylococcus aureus growth and glutathione‐S‐transferase activity. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:498-502. [PMCID: PMC8676152 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are toxic to various microbes, but the mechanism of action is not fully understood. The present report explores Azadirachta indica leaf extract as a reducing agent for the rapid biosynthesis of AgNPs. The effects of AgNPs on the growth, glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activity, and total protein concentration in Staphylococcus aureus were investigated, as was its antibacterial activity against seven other bacterial strains. Nanoparticle synthesis was confirmed by the UV‐Vis spectrum and colour change of the solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterise the synthesised nanoparticles. The UV‐Visible spectrograph showed an absorbance peak at 420 nm. DLS analysis showed an average AgNP size of 159 nm and a Polydispersity Index of 0.373. SEM analysis showed spherical particle shapes, while TEM established an average AgNP size of 7.5 nm. The element analysis profile showed small peaks for calcium, potassium, zinc, chlorine, with the presence of oxygen and silver. AgNPs markedly affected the growth curves and GST activity in treated bacteria, and produced moderate antibacterial activity. Thus AgNPs synthesised from A. indica leaves can interrupt the growth curve and total protein concentration in bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Department of BiochemistryScience College, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Jameelah Almusallam
- Department of BiochemistryScience College, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Sooad Al Daihan
- Department of BiochemistryScience College, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al‐Dbass
- Department of BiochemistryScience College, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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12
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Mikani M, Torabizadeh H, Rahmanian R. Magnetic soy protein isolate-bovine serum albumin nanoparticles preparation as a carrier for inulinase immobilisation. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:633-639. [PMID: 30095425 PMCID: PMC8676546 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were functionalised with soy protein isolate (SPI) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) for inulinase immobilisation. The results revealed the nanomagnetite size of about 50 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.242. The average size of the SPI NPs prepared by using acetone was 80-90 nm (PDI, 0.277), and SPI-BSA NPs was 80-90 nm (PDI, 0.233), and their zeta potential was around -34 mV. The mean diameter of fabricated Fe3O4@SPI-BSA NPs was <120 nm (PDI, 0.187). Inulinase was covalently immobilised successfully through glutaraldehyde on Fe3O4@SPI-BSA NPs with 80% enzyme loading. Fourier transform infrared spectra, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy images provided sufficient proof for enzyme immobilisation on the NPs. The immobilised inulinase showed maximal activity at 45°C, which was 5°C higher than the optimum temperature of the free enzyme. Also, the optimum pH of the immobilised enzyme was shifted from 6 to 5.5. Thermal stability of the enzyme was considerably increased to about 43% at 75°C, and Km value was reduced to 25.4% after immobilisation. The half-life of the enzyme increased about 5.13-fold at 75°C as compared with the free form. Immobilised inulinase retained over 80% of its activity after ten cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Mikani
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Postal Code: 33853, Iran
| | - Homa Torabizadeh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Postal Code: 33853, Iran.
| | - Reza Rahmanian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 32454, Iran
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13
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Su R, Yang L, Wang Y, Yu S, Guo Y, Deng J, Zhao Q, Jin X. Formulation, development, and optimization of a novel octyldodecanol-based nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery of ceramide IIIB. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5203-5221. [PMID: 28860748 PMCID: PMC5560419 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s139975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to develop and optimize a nanoemulsion-based formulation containing ceramide IIIB using phase-inversion composition for transdermal delivery. The effects of ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), and glycerol in octyldodecanol and Tween 80 systems on the size of the nanoemulsion region in the phase diagrams were investigated using water titration. Subsequently, ceramide IIIB loading was kept constant (0.05 wt%), and the proposed formulation and conditions were optimized via preliminary screening and experimental design. Factors such as octyldodecanol/(Tween 80:glycerol) weight ratio, water content, temperature, addition rate, and mixing rate were investigated in the preliminary screening experiment. Response surface methodology was employed to study the effect of water content (30%–70%, w/w), mixing rate (400–720 rpm), temperature (20°C–60°C), and addition rate (0.3–1.8 mL/min) on droplet size and polydispersity index. The mathematical model showed that the optimum formulation and conditions for preparation of ceramide IIIB nanoemulsion with desirable criteria were a temperature of 41.49°C, addition rate of 1.74 mL/min, water content of 55.08 wt%, and mixing rate of 720 rpm. Under optimum formulation conditions, the corresponding predicted response values for droplet size and polydispersity index were 15.51 nm and 0.12, respectively, which showed excellent agreement with the actual values (15.8 nm and 0.108, respectively), with no significant (P>0.05) differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy
| | - Jiayu Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy
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Hamedi S, Shojaosadati SA, Shokrollahzadeh S, Hashemi-Najafabadi S. Mechanism study of silver nanoparticle production using Neurospora intermedia. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:157-163. [PMID: 28476998 PMCID: PMC8676162 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular mechanism of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis is necessary to control nanoparticle size, shape, and monodispersity. In this study, the mechanism of AgNP formation by Neurospora intermedia was investigated. The higher production rate of AgNP formation using a culture supernatant heat-treated at 100° and 121°C relative to that with an un-treated culture supernatant indicated that the native form of the molecular species is not essential. The effect of the protein molecular weight (MW) on the nanoparticle size distribution and average size was studied by means of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Using un-treated and concentrated cell-free filtrate passed through 10 and 20 kDa cut-off filters led to the production of AgNPs with average sizes of 25, 30, and 34 nm, respectively. Also, using the permeate fraction of cell-free filtrate passed through a 100 kDa cut-off filter led to the formation of the smallest nanoparticles with the narrowest size distribution (average size of 16 nm and polydispersity index of 0.18). Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the fungal extracellular proteins showed two notable bands with the MWs of 15 and 23 kDa that are involved in the reduction and stabilisation of the nanoparticles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Hamedi
- Department of Cellulose and Paper Technology, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box: 47815-168, Zirab Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-114, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soheila Shokrollahzadeh
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box: 15815-3538, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sameereh Hashemi-Najafabadi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-114, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
In this study, PLGA or PLGA-PEG blend nanoparticles were developed loading amphotericin B (AmB), an antifungal agent broadly used in therapy. A 2(2) × 3(1) factorial experimental design was conducted to indicate an optimal formulation of nanoparticles containing AmB and demonstrate the influence of the interactions of components on the mean particle size and drug encapsulation efficiency. The independent variables analyzed were polymer amount (two levels) and organic phase (three factors in one level). The parameters methanol as cosolvent and higher polymer amount originated from the higher AmB encapsulation, but with the larger particle size. The selected optimized parameters were set as the lower polymer amount and ethyl acetate as cosolvent in organic phase, for both PLGA and PLGA-PEG nanoparticles. These parameters originated from nanoparticles with the size of 189.5 ± 90 nm and 169 ± 6.9 nm and AmB encapsulation efficiency of 94.0 ± 1.3% and 92.8 ± 2.9% for PLGA and PLGA-PEG nanoparticles, respectively. Additionally, these formulations showed a narrow size distribution indicating homogeneity in the particle size. PLGA and PLGA-PEG nanoparticles are potential carrier for AmB delivery and the factorial design presented an important tool in optimizing nanoparticles formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najeh Maissar Khalil
- a Department of Pharmacy , Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste , Guarapuava , PR , Brazil
| | - Rubiana Mara Mainardes
- a Department of Pharmacy , Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste , Guarapuava , PR , Brazil
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16
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Sakai-Kato K, Hidaka M, Un K, Kawanishi T, Okuda H. Physicochemical properties and in vitro intestinal permeability properties and intestinal cell toxicity of silica particles, performed in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1171-80. [PMID: 24361607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amorphous silica particles with the primary dimensions of a few tens of nm, have been widely applied as additives in various fields including medicine and food. Especially, they have been widely applied in powders for making tablets and to coat tablets. However, their behavior and biological effects in the gastrointestinal tracts associated with oral administration remains unknown. METHODS Amorphous silica particles with diameters of 50, 100, and 200nm were incubated in the fasted-state and fed-state simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The sizes, intracellular transport into Caco-2 cells (model cells for intestinal absorption), the Caco-2 monolayer membrane permeability, and the cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells were then evaluated for the silica particles. RESULTS Silica particles agglomerated in fed-state simultaneous intestinal fluids. The agglomeration and increased particles size inhibited the particles' absorption into the Caco-2 cells or particles' transport through the Caco-2 cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity of silica particles was not observed when the average size was larger than 100nm, independent of the fluid and the concentration. CONCLUSION Our study indicated the effect of diet on the agglomeration of silica particles. The sizes of silica particles affected the particles' absorption into or transport through the Caco-2 cells, and cytotoxicity in vitro, depending on the various biological fluids. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings obtained from our study may offer valuable information to evaluate the behavior of silica particles in the gastrointestinal tracts or safety of medicines or foods containing these materials as additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Hidaka
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Keita Un
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Kawanishi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Okuda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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17
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Jain S, Jain AK, Pohekar M, Thanki K. Novel self-emulsifying formulation of quercetin for improved in vivo antioxidant potential: implications for drug-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:117-130. [PMID: 23792276 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QT) was formulated into a novel self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) to improve its oral bioavailability and antioxidant potential compared to free drug. Capmul MCM was selected as the oily phase on the basis of optimum solubility of QT in oil. Tween 20 and ethanol were selected as surfactant and cosurfactant from a large pool of excipients, depending upon their spontaneous self-emulsifying ability with the selected oily phase. Pseudoternary-phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self-emulsification regions in various dilution media, viz., water, pH 1.2, and pH 6.8. The ratio of 40:40:20 w/w, Capmul MCM:QT (19:1)/Tween 20/ethanol was optimized based on its ability to form a spontaneous submicrometer emulsion in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. DPPH scavenging assay showed comparable antioxidant activity of QT-SEDDS to free QT. QT-SEDDS was robust in terms of stability against short-term excursion of freeze/thaw cycles and accelerated stability for 6 months as per International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. A fluorescent dye-loaded SEDDS formulation showed rapid internalization within 1h of incubation with Caco-2 cells as evident by confocal laser scanning microscopy. QT-SEDDS showed a significant increase in cellular uptake by 23.75-fold in comparison with free QT cultured with Caco-2 cells. The SEDDS demonstrated ~5-fold enhancement in oral bioavailability compared to free QT suspension. The in vitro-in vivo relation between in vitro Caco-2 cell uptake and in vivo pharmacokinetics of QT-SEDDS showed a correlation coefficient of ~0.9961, as evident from a Levy plot. Finally, QT-SEDDS showed a significantly higher in vivo antioxidant potential compared to free QT when evaluated as a function of ability to combat doxorubicin- and cyclosporin A-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160062 Punjab, India.
| | - Amit K Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Milind Pohekar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Thanki
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160062 Punjab, India
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18
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Puligujja P, McMillan J, Kendrick L, Li T, Balkundi S, Smith N, Veerubhotla RS, Edagwa BJ, Kabanov AV, Bronich T, Gendelman HE, Liu XM. Macrophage folate receptor-targeted antiretroviral therapy facilitates drug entry, retention, antiretroviral activities and biodistribution for reduction of human immunodeficiency virus infections. Nanomedicine 2013; 9:1263-73. [PMID: 23680933 PMCID: PMC3779529 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages serve as vehicles for the carriage and delivery of polymer-coated nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART). Although superior to native drug, high drug concentrations are required for viral inhibition. Herein, folate-modified ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r)-encased polymers facilitated macrophage receptor targeting for optimizing drug dosing. Folate coating of nanoART ATV/r significantly enhanced cell uptake, retention and antiretroviral activities without altering cell viability. Enhanced retentions of folate-coated nanoART within recycling endosomes provided a stable subcellular drug depot. Importantly, up to a five-fold enhanced plasma and tissue drug levels followed folate-coated formulation injection in mice. Folate polymer encased ATV/r improves nanoART pharmacokinetics bringing the technology one step closer to human use. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This team of authors describes a novel method for macrophage folate receptor-targeted antiretroviral therapy. Atazanvir entry, retention, and antiretroviral activities were superior using the presented method, and so was its biodistribution, enabling a more efficient way to address human immunodeficiency virus infections, with a hoped for clinical application in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Puligujja
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - Lindsey Kendrick
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - Tianyuzi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - Shantanu Balkundi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - Ram S. Veerubhotla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - Benson J. Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - Tatiana Bronich
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
| | - Xin-Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198
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Ratanajanchai M, Soodvilai S, Pimpha N, Sunintaboon P. Polyethylenimine-immobilized core-shell nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility test. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2013; 34:377-83. [PMID: 24268272 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we prepared PEI-immobilized core-shell particles possessing various types of polymer cores via a visible light-induced surfactant-free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) of three vinyl monomers: styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). An effect of monomers on the polymerization and characteristics of resulting products was investigated. Monomers with high polarity can provide high monomer conversion, high percentage of grafted PEI, stable particles with uniform size distribution but less amino groups per particles. All prepared nanoparticles exhibited a core-shell nanostructure, containing PEI on the shell with hydrodynamic size around 140-230nm. For in-vitro study in Caco-2 cells, we found that the incorporation of PEI into these core-shell nanoparticles can significantly reduce its cytotoxic effect and also be able to internalized within the cells. Accordingly, these biocompatible particles would be useful for various biomedical applications, including gene transfection and intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montri Ratanajanchai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Tomasina J, Poulain L, Abeilard E, Giffard F, Brotin E, Carduner L, Carreiras F, Gauduchon P, Rault S, Malzert-Fréon A. Rapid and soft formulation of folate-functionalized nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of tripentone in ovarian carcinoma. Int J Pharm 2013; 458:197-207. [PMID: 24084450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of folate-functionalized nanoparticles able to target folate receptors, and to deliver a poorly water soluble cytotoxic agent, a tripentone, in ovarian carcinoma. The stability under incubation of lipid nanoparticles formulated by a low-energy phase inversion temperature method was investigated. Thanks to the presence of Labrasol(®), a macrogolglyceride into the composition of the nanocarriers, the conjugation of different quantities of a folate derivate (folic acid-polyethylene glycol2000-distearylphosphatidylethanolamine) to nanoparticles was possible by a rapid, soft, very simple post-insertion process. As determined by dynamic light scattering, nanoparticles present a monodisperse diameter of about 100 nm, a spherical shape as attested by transmission electron micrographs, a weakly negative surface zeta potential, and are able to encapsulate the tripentone MR22388. The presence of folate receptors on SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells was identified by fluorescent immunocytochemistry. Cellular uptake studies assessed by flow cytometry indicated that these nanoparticles reached the SKOV3 cells rapidly, and were internalized by a folate-receptor mediated endocytosis pathway. Moreover, nanoparticles allowed the rapid delivery of the antitumor agent tripentone into cells as shown in vitro by real-time cellular activity assay. Such folate-lipid nanoparticles are a potential carrier for targeted delivery of poorly water soluble compounds into ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tomasina
- Normandie Univ, France; UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie - FR CNRS INC3M - SF ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Bd Becquerel), F-14032 Caen, France; UNICAEN, BioTICLA (Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer F Baclesse, SF ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Bd Becquerel), F-14032 Caen, France
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Bagre AP, Jain K, Jain NK. Alginate coated chitosan core shell nanoparticles for oral delivery of enoxaparin: in vitro and in vivo assessment. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:31-40. [PMID: 23994363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of present research work was to develop alginate coated chitosan core shell nanoparticles (Alg-CS-NPs) for oral delivery of low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) were synthesized by ionic gelation of chitosan using sodium tripolyphosphate. Core shell nanoparticles were prepared by coating CS-NPs with alginate solution under mild agitation. The Alg-CS-NPs were characterized for surface morphology, surface coating, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading and entrapment efficiency using SEM, Zeta-sizer, FTIR and DSC techniques. Alginate coating increased the size of optimized chitosan nanoparticles from around 213 nm to about 335 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering in zeta sizer and further confirmed by SEM analysis. The performance of optimized enoxaparin loaded Alg-CS-NPs was evaluated by in vitro drug release studies, in vitro permeation study across intestinal epithelium, in vivo venous thrombosis model, particulate uptake by intestinal epithelium using fluorescence microscopy and pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Coating of alginate over the CS-NPs improved the release profile of enoxaparin from the nanoparticles for successful oral delivery. In vitro permeation studies elucidated that more than 75% enoxaparin permeated across the intestinal epithelium with Alg-CS-NPs. The Alg-CS-NPs significantly increased (p<0.05) the oral bioavailability of enoxaparin in comparison to plain enoxaparin solution as revealed by threefold increase in AUC of plasma drug concentration time curve and around 60% reduction in thrombus formation in rat venous thrombosis model. The core shell Alg-CS-NPs showed promising potential for oral delivery and significantly enhanced the in vivo oral absorption of enoxaparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Pataskar Bagre
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar (M.P.) 470003, India
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Buckway B, Wang Y, Ray A, Ghandehari H. Overcoming the stromal barrier for targeted delivery of HPMA copolymers to pancreatic tumors. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:202-11. [PMID: 23933441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of macromolecules to pancreatic cancer is inhibited by a dense extracellular matrix composed of hyaluronic acid, smooth muscle actin and collagen fibers. Hyaluronic acid causes a high intratumoral fluidic pressure which prevents diffusion and penetration into the pancreatic tumor. This study involves the breaking down of hyaluronic acid by treating CAPAN-1 xenograft tumors in athymic nu/nu mice with targeted N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers radiolabeled with (111)In for single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging. Two targeting strategies were investigated including αvβ3 integrin and HER2 receptors. HPMA copolymers were targeted to these receptors by conjugating short peptide ligands cRGDfK and KCCYSL to the side chains of the copolymer. Results demonstrate that tumor targeting can be achieved in vivo after treatment with hyaluronidase. This approach shows promise for enhanced delivery of polymer-peptide conjugates to solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Buckway
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and of Bioengineering, Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, 5205 SMBB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Prasad RY, McGee JK, Killius MG, Suarez DA, Blackman CF, DeMarini DM, Simmons SO. Investigating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses elicited by silver nanoparticles using high-throughput reporter genes in HepG2 cells: effect of size, surface coating, and intracellular uptake. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2013-21. [PMID: 23872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) have been shown to generate reactive oxygen species; however, the association between physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles and cellular stress responses elicited by exposure has not been elucidated. Here, we examined three key stress-responsive pathways activated by Nrf-2/ARE, NFκB, and AP1 during exposure to Ag NP of two distinct sizes (10 and 75 nm) and coatings (citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone), as well as silver nitrate (AgNO3), and CeO2 nanoparticles. The in vitro assays assessed the cellular response in a battery of stable luciferase-reporter HepG2 cell lines. We further assessed the impact of Ag NP and AgNO3 exposure on cellular redox status by measuring glutathione depletion. Lastly, we determined intracellular Ag concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and re-analyzed reporter-gene data using these values to estimate the relative potencies of the Ag NPs and AgNO3. Our results show activation of all three stress response pathways, with Nrf-2/ARE displaying the strongest response elicited by each Ag NP and AgNO3 evaluated here. The smaller (10-nm) Ag NPs were more potent than the larger (75-nm) Ag NPs in each stress-response pathway, and citrate-coated Ag NPs had higher intracellular silver concentrations compared with both PVP-coated Ag NP and AgNO3. The cellular stress response profiles after Ag NP exposure were similar to that of AgNO3, suggesting that the oxidative stress and inflammatory effects of Ag NP are likely due to the cytotoxicity of silver ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Y Prasad
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Achour O, Bridiau N, Godhbani A, Le Joubioux F, Bordenave Juchereau S, Sannier F, Piot JM, Fruitier Arnaudin I, Maugard T. Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:684-9. [PMID: 23911501 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is currently used as an anticoagulant agent and constitutes an alternative to unfractionated heparin, which is the cause of serious adverse drug reaction such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Commercially available LMWH is produced by enzymatic depolymerization that is costly or by chemical methods that are generally carried out under conditions that could imply side reactions that reduce final product efficiency and yields. In this work, we present the use of a physicochemical method for the production of LMWH. This method consists in the use of hydrogen peroxide-catalyzed radical hydrolysis assisted by ultrasonic waves. LMWH that are produced using this physicochemical method have an average molecular weight and anticoagulant properties (Anti-Xa and Anti-IIa) that are comparable to some of commercial LMWH that are currently used. Ultrasonic-assisted radical depolymerization of heparin leads to products with a remarkably low polydispersity index. Moreover, in comparison to other LMWH such as those produced by enzymatic β-elimination, this physicochemical depolymerization of heparin induces fewer oligosaccharides with less than five monosaccharide units. This contributes to the better preservation of the ATIII pentasaccharide binding sequence, which results in a high Anti-Xa/Anti-IIa ratio (1.86). However, LMWH obtained using this physicochemical method have a lower degree of sulfation than other LMWH, which seems to be the cause of a lower Anti-Xa and Anti-IIa activity (143.62±5.42 and 77.07±4.4, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Achour
- Université de La Rochelle, UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé, Département de Biotechnologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
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