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Hudiyanti D, Al Khafiz MF, Anam K, Siahaan P, Suyati L, Sunarsih S, Christa SM. Prospect of Gum Arabic-Cocoliposome Matrix to Encapsulate Curcumin for Oral Administration. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:944. [PMID: 38611202 PMCID: PMC11013629 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is an antioxidant that can effectively eliminate free radicals. However, as its oral bioavailability is low, an effective delivery method is required. Phospholipid-based liposomes can encapsulate lipophilic drugs, such as curcumin, while liposome, cholesterol, and gum Arabic (GA) can enhance the internal and external stability of drug membranes. This present study used concentrations of cholesterol (Cchol) and GA (CGA), ranging from 0 to 10, 20, 30, and 40% as well as 0 to 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40%, respectively, to encapsulate curcumin in a GA-cocoliposome (CCL/GA) matrix and test its efficacy in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated gastric fluid (SGF). The absence of new characteristic peaks in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra results indicate the presence of non-covalent interactions in the CCL/GA encapsulation. Furthermore, increasing the Cchol decreased the encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), and antioxidant activity (IR) of the CCL/GA encapsulation but increased its release rate (RR). Conversely, increasing CGA increased its EE and IR but decreased its LC and RR. The two conditions applied confirmed this. Liposomal curcumin had the highest IR in SIF (84.081%) and the highest RR in SGF (0.657 ppm/day). Furthermore, liposomes loaded with 10% Cchol and 20% CGA performed best in SIF, while those loaded with 10% Cchol and 30% CGA performed best in SGF. Lastly, the CCL/GA performed better in SIF than SGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Hudiyanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Prof. Jacob Rais Street, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; (K.A.); (P.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Muhammad Fuad Al Khafiz
- Postgraduate Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Prof. Jacob Rais Street, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia;
| | - Khairul Anam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Prof. Jacob Rais Street, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; (K.A.); (P.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Parsaoran Siahaan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Prof. Jacob Rais Street, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; (K.A.); (P.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Linda Suyati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Prof. Jacob Rais Street, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; (K.A.); (P.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Sunarsih Sunarsih
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Prof. Jacob Rais Street, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia;
| | - Sherllyn Meida Christa
- Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Prof. Jacob Rais Street, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia;
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Li J, Xu C, Sun M, Su CY, Jing SJ, Jiang YY, Liu B. [Analysis of metabolites in simulated gastric fluid of Saposhnikoviae Radix polysaccharides]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2024; 49:498-508. [PMID: 38403325 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230901.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
To fully understand whether Saposhnikoviae Radix polysaccharides(SP) can be metabolized in gastric fluid and the meta-bolic behavior, this study systematically analyzed the metabolites in simulated gastric fluid of SP by high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-IT-TOF-MS) technology in combination with zebrafish immune activity evaluation. Based on the obtained accurate relative molecular mass, chromatographic retention behavior, MS fragmentation patterns, refe-rence standards, and relevant literature reports, 19 metabolites were analyzed and identified. Among them, five monosaccharides and 14 oligosaccharides were generated as metabolites. Several reducing sugars, including mannose, glucose, rhamnose, and xylose, were accurately identified in the gastric fluid metabolites. Zebrafish pharmacological evaluation results indicated that SP maintained good immune activity after gastric fluid metabolism, with the most significant increase in immune cell density observed at W3(simulated gastric fluid metabolism for 2 hours). Among the gastric fluid metabolites, M1 and M3(Hex-Hex-Man) may be most closely related to pharmacological activity and could be further studied as potential active fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shu-Jin Jing
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan-Yan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China Key Laboratory of "Discovery of Effective Substances in Classical Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine",National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China Key Laboratory of "Discovery of Effective Substances in Classical Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine",National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
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Xue BX, Yang TT, He RS, Gao WK, Lai JX, Liu SX, Duan CY, Wang SX, Yu HJ, Yang WZ, Zhang LH, Wang QL, Wu HH. Degradation Profiling of Nardosinone at High Temperature and in Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Fluids. Molecules 2023; 28:5382. [PMID: 37513256 PMCID: PMC10385092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nardosinone, a predominant bioactive product from Nardostachys jatamansi DC, is well-known for its promising therapeutic applications, such as being used as a drug on anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, cardioprotective, anti-neuroinflammatory, anti-arrhythmic, anti-periodontitis, etc. However, its stability under varying environmental conditions and its degradation products remain unclear. In this study, four main degradation products, including two previously undescribed compounds [2-deoxokanshone M (64.23%) and 2-deoxokanshone L (1.10%)] and two known compounds [desoxo-narchinol A (2.17%) and isonardosinone (3.44%)], were firstly afforded from the refluxed products of nardosinone in boiling water; their structures were identified using an analysis of the extensive NMR and X-ray diffraction data and the simulation and comparison of electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compared with nardosinone, 2-deoxokanshone M exhibited potent vasodilatory activity without any of the significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity that nardosinone contains. Secondly, UPLC-PDA and UHPLC-DAD/Q-TOF MS analyses on the degradation patterns of nardosinone revealed that nardosinone degraded more easily under high temperatures and in simulated gastric fluid compared with the simulated intestinal fluid. A plausible degradation pathway of nardosinone was finally proposed using nardosinonediol as the initial intermediate and involved multiple chemical reactions, including peroxy ring-opening, keto-enol tautomerization, oxidation, isopropyl cleavage, and pinacol rearrangement. Our findings may supply certain guidance and scientific evidence for the quality control and reasonable application of nardosinone-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian-Xia Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tian-Tian Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ru-Shang He
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen-Ke Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia-Xin Lai
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Si-Xia Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Cong-Yan Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shao-Xia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui-Juan Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qi-Long Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
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Wu HY, Wei ZL, Shi DY, Li HB, Li XM, Yang D, Zhou SQ, Peng XX, Yang ZW, Yin J, Chen TJ, Li JW, Jin M. Simulated Gastric Acid Promotes the Horizontal Transfer of Multidrug Resistance Genes across Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract at Elevated pH Levels. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0482022. [PMID: 37070984 PMCID: PMC10269839 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04820-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of factors that can promote the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract is in great demand to understand the occurrence of infections related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in humans. However, whether acid-resistant enteric bacteria can promote ARG transmission in gastric fluid under high-pH conditions remains unknown. This study assessed the effects of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) at different pH levels on the RP4 plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer of ARGs. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, assessment of cell membrane permeability, and real-time quantitative assessment of the expression of key genes were performed to identify the underlying mechanisms. The frequency of conjugative transfer was the highest in SGF at pH 4.5. Antidepressant consumption and certain dietary factors further negatively impacted this situation, with 5.66-fold and 4.26-fold increases in the conjugative transfer frequency being noted upon the addition of sertraline and 10% glucose, respectively, compared with that in the control group without any additives. The induction of ROS generation, the activation of cellular antioxidant systems, increases in cell membrane permeability, and the promotion of adhesive pilus formation were factors potentially contributing to the increased transfer frequency. These findings indicate that conjugative transfer could be enhanced under certain circumstances in SGF at elevated pH levels, thereby facilitating ARG transmission in the gastrointestinal tract. IMPORTANCE The low pH of gastric acid kills unwanted microorganisms, in turn affecting their inhabitation in the intestine. Hence, studies on the factors that influence antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) propagation in the gastrointestinal tract and on the underlying mechanisms are limited. In this study, we constructed a conjugative transfer model in the presence of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and found that SGF could promote the dissemination of ARGs under high-pH conditions. Furthermore, antidepressant consumption and certain dietary factors could negatively impact this situation. Transcriptomic analysis and a reactive oxygen species assay revealed the overproduction of reactive oxygen species as a potential mechanism by which SGF could promote conjugative transfer. This finding can help provide a comprehensive understanding of the bloom of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the body and create awareness regarding the risk of ARG transmission due to certain diseases or an improper diet and the subsequent decrease in gastric acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-yan Wu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-lin Wei
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan-yang Shi
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-bei Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-mei Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu-qing Zhou
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-xia Peng
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-wei Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian-jiao Chen
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun-wen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, China
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5
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Murbach TS, Glávits R, Jayasena S, Moghadam Maragheh N, Endres JR, Hirka G, Goodman RE, Vértesi A, Béres E, Pasics Szakonyiné I. Toxicology and digestibility of Chlamydomonas debaryana green algal biomass. J Appl Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 36680512 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is an economic interest, both for food security and for the non-meat-eating population, in the development of novel, sustainable sources of high-quality protein. The green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has already been developed for this purpose, and the closely related species, Chlamydomonas debaryana, is a complementary source that also presents some additional advantages, such as reduced production cost. To determine whether C. debaryana may have a similar safety profile to that of C. reinhardtii, a wild type strain was obtained, designated TS04 after confirmation of its identity, and subjected to a battery of preclinical studies. Genetic toxicity was evaluated using a bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and an in vivo mammalian micronucleus test in a mouse model. No genotoxic potential (e.g., mutagenicity and clastogenicity) was observed in these tests under the employed conditions up to maximum recommended concentrations or doses. To assess general toxicity, a 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study was conducted in rats. No mortality or adverse effects were observed, and no target organs were identified up to the maximum feasible dose, due to solubility, of 4,000 mg/kg bw/day. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was determined as the highest dose tested. A digestibility study in simulated gastric fluid was conducted and determined that TS04 has low allergenic potential, exhibiting rapid digestion of proteins. Due to the negative results of our evaluation, it is reasonable to proceed with further development and additional investigations to contribute towards a safety assessment of the proposed use in food for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shyamali Jayasena
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program (FARRP), Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Niloofar Moghadam Maragheh
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program (FARRP), Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Gábor Hirka
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Budapest, Hungary.,Toxi-Coop Zrt., Arácsi út 97, 8230, Balatonfüred, Hungary
| | - Richard E Goodman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program (FARRP), Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Adél Vértesi
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Arácsi út 97, 8230, Balatonfüred, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Béres
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Arácsi út 97, 8230, Balatonfüred, Hungary
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Guo D, Bai Y, Fei S, Yang Y, Li J, Yang B, Lü X, Xia X, Shi C. Effects of 405 ± 5-nm LED Illumination on Environmental Stress Tolerance of Salmonella Typhimurium in Sliced Beef. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020136. [PMID: 35053867 PMCID: PMC8774786 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is a widely distributed foodborne pathogen and is tolerant of various environmental conditions. It can cause intestinal fever, gastroenteritis and bacteremia. The aim of this research was to explore the effect of illumination with 405 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the resistance of S. Typhimurium to environmental stress. Beef slices contaminated with S. Typhimurium were illuminated by 405 nm LEDs (18.9 ± 1.4 mW/cm2) for 8 h at 4 °C; controls were incubated in darkness at 7 °C. Then, the illuminated or non-illuminated (control) cells were exposed to thermal stress (50, 55, 60 or 65 °C); oxidative stress (0.01% H2O2 [v/v]); acid stress (simulated gastric fluid [SGF] at pH 2 or 3); or bile salts (1%, 2%, or 3% [w/v]). S. Typhimurium treated by 405 nm LED irradiation showed decreased resistance to thermal stress, osmotic pressure, oxidation, SGF and bile salts. The transcription of eight environmental tolerance-related genes were downregulated by the illumination. Our findings suggest the potential of applying 405 nm LED-illumination technology in the control of pathogens in food processing, production and storage, and in decreasing infection and disease related to S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.G.); (Y.B.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Yichen Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.G.); (Y.B.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Shengyi Fei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.G.); (Y.B.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Yanpeng Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.G.); (Y.B.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.G.); (Y.B.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.G.); (Y.B.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.G.); (Y.B.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.G.); (Y.B.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (C.S.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-29-87092486; Fax: +86-29-87091391
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.G.); (Y.B.); (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (C.S.)
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Parisi K, Poon S, Renda RF, Sahota G, English J, Yalpani N, Bleackley MR, Anderson MA, van der Weerden NL. Improving the Digestibility of Plant Defensins to Meet Regulatory Requirements for Transgene Products in Crop Protection. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1227. [PMID: 32922418 PMCID: PMC7456892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the use of chemical fungicides, fungal diseases have a major impact on the yield and quality of plant produce globally and hence there is a need for new approaches for disease control. Several groups have examined the potential use of antifungal plant defensins for plant protection and have produced transgenic plants expressing plant defensins with enhanced resistance to fungal disease. However, before they can be developed commercially, transgenic plants must pass a series of strict regulations to ensure that they are safe for human and animal consumption as well as the environment. One of the requirements is rapid digestion of the transgene protein in the gastrointestinal tract to minimize the risk of any potential allergic response. Here, we examine the digestibility of two plant defensins, NaD1 from Nicotiana alata and SBI6 from soybean, which have potent antifungal activity against major cereal pathogens. The native defensins were not digestible in simulated gastrointestinal fluid assays. Several modifications to the sequences enhanced the digestibility of the two small proteins without severely impacting their antifungal activity. However, these modified proteins did not accumulate as well as the native proteins when transiently expressed in planta, suggesting that the protease-resistant structure of plant defensins facilitates their stability in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Parisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosemary F. Renda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Gurinder Sahota
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - James English
- Maxygen LLC, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Johnston, IA, United States
| | - Nasser Yalpani
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Johnston, IA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mark R. Bleackley
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Marilyn A. Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole L. van der Weerden
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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8
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Cadar O, Senila M, Hoaghia MA, Scurtu D, Miu I, Levei EA. Effects of Thermal Treatment on Natural Clinoptilolite-Rich Zeolite Behavior in Simulated Biological Fluids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112570. [PMID: 32486499 PMCID: PMC7321366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the effect of thermal treatment (450, 500, 600, 750, and 800 °C) on a Romanian clinoptilolite-rich natural zeolite, along with the interaction of raw and thermally treated zeolites with simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH = 1.20) at different zeolite to SGF ratios and exposure times. The zeolites were characterized using gravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence, powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The chemical composition of the zeolite subjected to thermal treatment did not change significantly with the increase of temperature. Structural changes were not detectable by pXRD and FT-IR analyses in the zeolites thermally treated up to 500 °C, while above 600 °C a gradual structural breakdown of zeolite was noticed. At high temperatures, the broad, low-intensity peaks in pXRD patterns indicated the partial amorphization of the crystalline structure. The pXRD and FT-IR analyses showed that the crystalline structure of zeolites remains unaffected after their exposure to SGF. The results revealed that the amounts of Fe, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al, and Si released depends mainly on the zeolite to SGF ratio, and to a lower extent on the thermal treatment temperature, while the exposure time of 1 to 7 days does not have a significant impact on the elements released in SGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Cadar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (M.S.); (M.-A.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (M.S.); (M.-A.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (M.S.); (M.-A.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Scurtu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (M.S.); (M.-A.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Ion Miu
- SC UTCHIM SRL, 12 Buda Street, 240127 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (M.S.); (M.-A.H.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-420590
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9
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Lv L, Lin H, Li Z, Ahmed I, Chen G. Determining the effect of malondialdehyde on the IgE-binding capacity of shrimp tropomyosin upon in vitro digestion. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:4588-4594. [PMID: 28349532 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stability in simulated gastric fluids is considered an important parameter for the estimation of food allergenicity. Moreover, proteins in food are highly susceptible to lipid oxidation during processing and preservation. In this study, the change in the IgE-binding capacity of malondialdehyde (MDA)-treated shrimp tropomyosin (TM) following in vitro digestion was investigated by SDS-PAGE and western blot. RESULTS Shrimp TM treated with different concentrations of MDA was slightly degraded and became increasingly resistant to pepsin digestion over time. While untreated TM was rapidly degraded, MDA-treated TM showed some resistance and was degraded by trypsin only after increasing the digestion time. Results of immunoblotting studies on IgE using sera from patients allergic to shrimp indicated that the IgE-binding capacity of TM and MDA (50 mmol L-1 )-treated TM decreased slightly after pepsin digestion and significantly decreased after trypsin digestion. CONCLUSION The study indicated that the resistance of TM to degradation increased after oxidation. The treatment with proteases, especially trypsin, is quite effective in decreasing the IgG/IgE-binding capacity of shrimp TM. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangtao Lv
- Lab of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Lab of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Lab of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- Lab of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guanzhi Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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10
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Nomura C, Masayama A, Yamaguchi M, Sakuma D, Kajimura K. PCR-Based Method for the Detection of Toxic Mushrooms Causing Food-Poisoning Incidents. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2017; 58:132-142. [PMID: 28690303 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.58.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, species-specific identification of five toxic mushrooms, Chlorophyllum molybdites, Gymnopilus junonius, Hypholoma fasciculare, Pleurocybella porrigens, and Tricholoma ustale, which have been involved in food-poisoning incidents in Japan, was investigated. Specific primer pairs targeting internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were designed for PCR detection. The specific amplicons were obtained from fresh, cooked, and simulated gastric fluid (SGF)-treated samples. No amplicons were detected from other mushrooms with similar morphology. Our method using one-step extraction of mushrooms allows rapid detection within 2.5 hr. It could be utilized for rapid identification or screening of toxic mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Nomura
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Atsushi Masayama
- Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences
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11
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Koseki S. Predictive Modeling for Estimation of Bacterial Behavior from Farm to Table. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2016; 4:33-44. [PMID: 32231903 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2016006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination is inevitable for raw and/or minimally processed ready-to-eat foods. As a consequence of the pathogenic bacterial contamination, the risk of food-borne illness increases during distribution and storage until consumption. Prediction of microbial growth and/or inactivation in/on those foods provides important information for ensuring the microbial food safety. Although numerous predictive models for bacterial growth have been proposed for various microorganisms, this review focuses on the modeling of pathogenic bacterial growth in raw and minimally processed ready-to-eat foods such as fresh-cut produce and raw minced-tuna, a common ingredient for sushi. The growth models described here take into account both the environment temperature and microbial competition in the food matrix. Microbial competition plays a key role in real food environments. Food-based predictive models enable not only to directly estimate the microbial growth on those foods, but also to apply to validation of culture-medium-based predictive models. Furthermore, toward a development of accurate and/or realistic bacterial dose-response models, a model for inactivation of pathogenic bacteria during simulated gastric fluid is also introduced.
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12
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Wang YF, Liu YN, Xiong W, Yan DM, Zhu Y, Gao XM, Xu YT, Qi AD. A UPLC-MS/MS method for in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen and isopsoralen from Psoralea corylifolia extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 151:609-617. [PMID: 24315982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L. has been used to prevent and treat vitiligo, osteoporosis, arthralgia and asthma in Traditional Chinese Medicine for some 1600 years. Psoralen (P), isopsoralen (IP), psoralenoside (PO) and isopsoralenoside (IPO) are the major coumarins and coumarin-related benzofuran glycosides in Psoraleae Fructus, which have been reported to show estrogen-like activity, osteoblastic proliferation accelerating activity, antitumor effects and antibacterial activity. The first aim of this study is to develop a rapid, sensitive and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach for simultaneous determination of PO, IPO, P and IP in rat plasma and samples collected from in vitro incubation experiments. The second aim is to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of PO, IPO, P and IP after oral administration of Psoralea corylifolia extract (PCE) to rats. The third aim is to confirm the biotransformation of PO to P or IPO to IP under gastrointestinal conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A UPLC-MS/MS method with a C18 column and a mobile phase of methanol-0.1% aqueous formic acid was validated according to the criteria in FDA guidelines about bioanalytical method, which was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of PO, IPO, P and IP from PCE and the metabolic pathways of PO to P or IPO to IP. RESULTS The criteria for establishment of a new UPLC-MS/MS method including selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were validated. This method was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of PO, IPO, P and IP in biological samples collected from both in vitro incubations and in vivo rat experiments. After oral administration of PCE to rat, pharmacokinetic parameters of these four compounds indicated that in vivo biotransformation may occur between PO and P or IPO and IP. Purified benzofuran glycosides fraction (PBGF), containing only PO and IPO, was orally administered to rats to further confirm the biotransformation of PO to P or IPO to IP under gastrointestinal conditions. An in vitro incubation study elucidated that PO and IPO were metabolized to P and IP by intestinal microflora through de-glucosylation. CONCLUSIONS This paper developed a rapid, sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of PO, IPO, P and IP from PCE in biological samples, and investigated on their comprehensive in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies. These obtained results showed that the metabolism by intestinal bacteria plays an important role in pharmacological effects of orally administered PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Fei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tjianjin 300457, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tjianjin 300457, China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tjianjin 300457, China
| | - Dong-Mei Yan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tjianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tjianjin 300457, China
| | - Ai-Di Qi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Tianjin 300193, China
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13
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Jain S, Jain AK, Pohekar M, Thanki K. Novel self-emulsifying formulation of quercetin for improved in vivo antioxidant potential: implications for drug-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:117-130. [PMID: 23792276 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QT) was formulated into a novel self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) to improve its oral bioavailability and antioxidant potential compared to free drug. Capmul MCM was selected as the oily phase on the basis of optimum solubility of QT in oil. Tween 20 and ethanol were selected as surfactant and cosurfactant from a large pool of excipients, depending upon their spontaneous self-emulsifying ability with the selected oily phase. Pseudoternary-phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self-emulsification regions in various dilution media, viz., water, pH 1.2, and pH 6.8. The ratio of 40:40:20 w/w, Capmul MCM:QT (19:1)/Tween 20/ethanol was optimized based on its ability to form a spontaneous submicrometer emulsion in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. DPPH scavenging assay showed comparable antioxidant activity of QT-SEDDS to free QT. QT-SEDDS was robust in terms of stability against short-term excursion of freeze/thaw cycles and accelerated stability for 6 months as per International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. A fluorescent dye-loaded SEDDS formulation showed rapid internalization within 1h of incubation with Caco-2 cells as evident by confocal laser scanning microscopy. QT-SEDDS showed a significant increase in cellular uptake by 23.75-fold in comparison with free QT cultured with Caco-2 cells. The SEDDS demonstrated ~5-fold enhancement in oral bioavailability compared to free QT suspension. The in vitro-in vivo relation between in vitro Caco-2 cell uptake and in vivo pharmacokinetics of QT-SEDDS showed a correlation coefficient of ~0.9961, as evident from a Levy plot. Finally, QT-SEDDS showed a significantly higher in vivo antioxidant potential compared to free QT when evaluated as a function of ability to combat doxorubicin- and cyclosporin A-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160062 Punjab, India.
| | - Amit K Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Milind Pohekar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Thanki
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), 160062 Punjab, India
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14
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Chen HL, Mao HY, Cao MJ, Cai QF, Su WJ, Zhang YX, Liu GM. Purification, physicochemical and immunological characterization of arginine kinase, an allergen of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:475-84. [PMID: 24055770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) has attracted considerable attention because it has been identified as a shellfish allergen. However, little information is available about AK in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). In this study, crayfish AK was purified and cloned. Its physicochemical properties, processing stability, and immunological characteristics were analyzed. Crayfish AK was purified by column chromatography, which revealed a single band with molecular mass of 40 kDa; this result was further confirmed by mass spectrometry. The full-length gene sequence of crayfish AK was 1462 bp and encoded a protein of 357 amino acid residues. The results of this study revealed that crayfish AK is a glycoprotein with an isoelectric point of approximately 6.5. Thermal stability assays revealed that crayfish AK easily forms aggregates at temperatures >44°C and was stable at pH 4.0-8.0. SDS-PAGE and dot blotting were used to assess processing stability of purified AK. The results revealed that the IgE-binding activity of crayfish AK is reduced after boiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Li Chen
- College of Biological Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for Aquaculture and Food Safety, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
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15
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Bagre AP, Jain K, Jain NK. Alginate coated chitosan core shell nanoparticles for oral delivery of enoxaparin: in vitro and in vivo assessment. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:31-40. [PMID: 23994363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of present research work was to develop alginate coated chitosan core shell nanoparticles (Alg-CS-NPs) for oral delivery of low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) were synthesized by ionic gelation of chitosan using sodium tripolyphosphate. Core shell nanoparticles were prepared by coating CS-NPs with alginate solution under mild agitation. The Alg-CS-NPs were characterized for surface morphology, surface coating, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading and entrapment efficiency using SEM, Zeta-sizer, FTIR and DSC techniques. Alginate coating increased the size of optimized chitosan nanoparticles from around 213 nm to about 335 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering in zeta sizer and further confirmed by SEM analysis. The performance of optimized enoxaparin loaded Alg-CS-NPs was evaluated by in vitro drug release studies, in vitro permeation study across intestinal epithelium, in vivo venous thrombosis model, particulate uptake by intestinal epithelium using fluorescence microscopy and pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Coating of alginate over the CS-NPs improved the release profile of enoxaparin from the nanoparticles for successful oral delivery. In vitro permeation studies elucidated that more than 75% enoxaparin permeated across the intestinal epithelium with Alg-CS-NPs. The Alg-CS-NPs significantly increased (p<0.05) the oral bioavailability of enoxaparin in comparison to plain enoxaparin solution as revealed by threefold increase in AUC of plasma drug concentration time curve and around 60% reduction in thrombus formation in rat venous thrombosis model. The core shell Alg-CS-NPs showed promising potential for oral delivery and significantly enhanced the in vivo oral absorption of enoxaparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Pataskar Bagre
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar (M.P.) 470003, India
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16
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Sadekar S, Thiagarajan G, Bartlett K, Hubbard D, Ray A, McGill LD, Ghandehari H. Poly(amido amine) dendrimers as absorption enhancers for oral delivery of camptothecin. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:175-85. [PMID: 23933439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of camptothecin has a treatment advantage but is limited by low bioavailability and gastrointestinal toxicity. Poly(amido amine) or PAMAM dendrimers have shown promise as intestinal penetration enhancers, drug solubilizers and drug carriers for oral delivery in vitro and in situ. There have been very limited studies in vivo to evaluate PAMAM dendrimers for oral drug delivery. In this study, camptothecin (5 mg/kg) was formulated and co-delivered with cationic, amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimer generation 4.0 (G4.0) (100 and 300 mg/kg) and anionic, carboxylate-terminated PAMAM generation 3.5 (G3.5) (300 and 1000 mg/kg) in CD-1 mice. Camptothecin associated to a higher extent with G4.0 than G3.5 in the formulation, attributed to an electrostatic interaction on the surface of G4.0. Both PAMAM G4.0 and G3.5 increased camptothecin solubilization in simulated gastric fluid and caused a 2-3 fold increase in oral absorption of camptothecin when delivered at 2 h. PAMAM G4.0 and G3.5 did not increase mannitol transport suggesting that the oral absorption of camptothecin was not due to tight junction modulation. Histologic observations of the epithelial layer of small intestinal segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) at 4 h post dosing supported no evidence of toxicity at the evaluated doses of PAMAM dendrimers. This study demonstrates that both cationic (G.4) and anionic (G3.5) PAMAM dendrimers were effective in enhancing the oral absorption of camptothecin. Results suggest that drug inclusion in PAMAM interior controlled solubilization in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, and increased oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sadekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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17
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Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Blanco-Fernandez B, Puga AM, Concheiro A. Crosslinked ionic polysaccharides for stimuli-sensitive drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1148-71. [PMID: 23639519 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are gaining increasing attention as components of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems, particularly since they can be obtained in a well characterized and reproducible way from the natural sources. Ionic polysaccharides can be readily crosslinked to render hydrogel networks sensitive to a variety of internal and external variables, and thus suitable for switching drug release on-off through diverse mechanisms. Hybrids, composites and grafted polymers can reinforce the responsiveness and widen the range of stimuli to which polysaccharide-based systems can respond. This review analyzes the state of the art of crosslinked ionic polysaccharides as components of delivery systems that can regulate drug release as a function of changes in pH, ion nature and concentration, electric and magnetic field intensity, light wavelength, temperature, redox potential, and certain molecules (enzymes, illness markers, and so on). Examples of specific applications are provided. The information compiled demonstrates that crosslinked networks of ionic polysaccharides are suitable building blocks for developing advanced externally activated and feed-back modulated drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Mihaela Friciu M, Canh Le T, Ispas-Szabo P, Mateescu MA. Carboxymethyl starch and lecithin complex as matrix for targeted drug delivery: I. Monolithic mesalamine forms for colon delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:521-30. [PMID: 23562535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
For drugs expected to act locally in the colon, and for successful treatment, a delivery device is necessary, in order to limit the systemic absorption which decreases effectiveness and causes important side effects. Various delayed release systems are currently commercialized; most of them based on pH-dependent release which is sensitive to gastrointestinal pH variation. This study proposes a novel excipient for colon delivery. This new preparation consists in the complexation between carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and Lecithin (L). As opposed to existing excipients, the new complex is pH-independent, inexpensive, and easy to manufacture and allows a high drug loading. FTIR, X-ray, and SEM structural analysis all support the hypothesis of the formation of a complex. By minor variation of the excipient content within the tablet, it is possible to modulate the release time and delivery at specific sites of the gastrointestinal tract. This study opens the door to a new pH-independent delivery system for mesalamine targeted administration. Our novel formulation fits well with the posology of mesalamine, used in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which requires repeated administrations (1g orally four times a day) to maintain a good quality of life.
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Saxena A, Tahir A, Kaloti M, Ali J, Bohidar HB. Effect of agar-gelatin compositions on the release of salbutamol tablets. Int J Pharm Investig 2012; 1:93-8. [PMID: 23071927 PMCID: PMC3465121 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973x.82407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed for the development of salbutamol-modified release tablet using various polymer composition of agar, gelatin A and gelatin B. The purpose is to observe the role of polymer composition on the modified dissolution rate of salbutamol. Pre-formulation trials were initiated by comprising different ratios of polymer blend in the tablets. Formulations were optimized based on their invitro release performed in enzyme free simulated gastric fluid (0.1 N HCl, pH 1.2). Dissolution profiles of tablets were compared among the tablets made of agar, gelatin A, gelatin B and their blends agar-gelatin A, agar-gelatin B, gelatin A-gelatin B and agar-gelatin A-gelatin B in 1:1 ratio. Polymer compositions were fixed based on our desired sustaining activity of the tablet which showed a biphasic release profile with immediate release followed by sustained release. Polymer blends were more effective in controlling drug release. The better controlling behavior of polymer blends was explained by specific interaction between polymer components, their network structure and polymer–drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Saxena
- School of Physical Sciences, Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Herman RA, Storer NP, Gao Y. Digestion assays in allergenicity assessment of transgenic proteins. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114:1154-7. [PMID: 16882518 PMCID: PMC1552003 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The food-allergy risk assessment for transgenic proteins expressed in crops is currently based on a weight-of-evidence approach that holistically considers multiple lines of evidence. This approach recognizes that no single test or property is known to distinguish allergens from nonallergens. The stability of a protein to digestion, as predicted by an in vitro simulated gastric fluid assay, currently is used as one element in the risk assessment process. A review of the literature on the use of the simulated gastric fluid assay to predict the allergenic status of proteins suggests that more extensive kinetic studies with well-characterized reference proteins are required before the predictive value of this assay can be adequately judged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod A Herman
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, USA.
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