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Babu MR, Vishwas S, Khursheed R, Harish V, Sravani AB, Khan F, Alotaibi B, Binshaya A, Disouza J, Kumbhar PS, Patravale V, Gupta G, Loebenberg R, Arshad MF, Patel A, Patel S, Dua K, Singh SK. Unravelling the role of microneedles in drug delivery: Principle, perspectives, and practices. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1393-1431. [PMID: 38036849 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent year, the research of transdermal drug delivery systems has got substantial attention towards the development of microneedles (MNs). This shift has occurred due to multifaceted advantages of MNs as they can be utilized to deliver the drug deeper to the skin with minimal invasion, offer successful delivery of drugs and biomolecules that are susceptible to degradation in gastrointestinal tract (GIT), act as biosensors, and help in monitoring the level of biomarkers in the body. These can be fabricated into different types based on their applications as well as material for fabrication. Some of their types include solid MNs, hollow MNs, coated MNs, hydrogel forming MNs, and dissolving MNs. These MNs deliver the therapeutics via microchannels deeper into the skin. The coated and hollow MNs have been found successful. However, they suffer from poor drug loading and blocking of pores. In contrast, dissolving MNs offer high drug loading. These MNs have also been utilized to deliver vaccines and biologicals. They have also been used in cosmetics. The current review covers the different types of MNs, materials used in their fabrication, properties of MNs, and various case studies related to their role in delivering therapeutics, monitoring level of biomarkers/hormones in body such as insulin. Various patents and clinical trials related to MNs are also covered. Covered are the major bottlenecks associated with their clinical translation and potential future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molakpogu Ravindra Babu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Vancha Harish
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Anne Boyina Sravani
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Farhan Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim Binshaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Disouza
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala , Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Popat S Kumbhar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala , Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura , 30201, Jaipur, India
| | - Raimar Loebenberg
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton , AB T6G2N8, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed Faiz Arshad
- Department of Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, New Delhi, 110044, India
| | - Archita Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, At & Post: Changa, Tal.:- Petlad, Dist.:- Anand-388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Samir Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, At & Post: Changa, Tal.:- Petlad, Dist.:- Anand-388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Biswas AA, Dhondale MR, Agrawal AK, Serrano DR, Mishra B, Kumar D. Advancements in microneedle fabrication techniques: artificial intelligence assisted 3D-printing technology. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1458-1479. [PMID: 38218999 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) are micron-scale needles that are a painless alternative to injections for delivering drugs through the skin. MNs find applications as biosensing devices and could serve as real-time diagnosis tools. There have been numerous fabrication techniques employed for producing quality MN-based systems, prominent among them is the three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing enables the production of quality MNs of tuneable characteristics using a variety of materials. Further, the possible integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) with 3D printing makes it an indispensable tool for fabricating microneedles. Provided that these AI tools can be trained and act with minimal human intervention to control the quality of products produced, there is also a possibility of mass production of MNs using these tools in the future. This work reviews the specific role of AI in the 3D printing of MN-based devices discussing the use of AI in predicting drug release patterns, its role as a quality control tool, and in predicting the biomarker levels. Additionally, the autonomous 3D printing of microneedles using an integrated system of the internet of things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) is discussed in brief. Different categories of machine learning including supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforced learning have been discussed in brief. Lastly, a brief section is dedicated to the biosensing applications of MN-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj A Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India
| | - Madhukiran R Dhondale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish K Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, India.
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Khairnar P, Phatale V, Shukla S, Tijani AO, Hedaoo A, Strauss J, Verana G, Vambhurkar G, Puri A, Srivastava S. Nanocarrier-Integrated Microneedles: Divulging the Potential of Novel Frontiers for Fostering the Management of Skin Ailments. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2118-2147. [PMID: 38660711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The various kinds of nanocarriers (NCs) have been explored for the delivery of therapeutics designed for the management of skin manifestations. The NCs are considered as one of the promising approaches for the skin delivery of therapeutics attributable to sustained release and enhanced skin penetration. Despite the extensive applications of the NCs, the challenges in their delivery via skin barrier (majorly stratum corneum) have persisted. To overcome all the challenges associated with the delivery of NCs, the microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a beacon of hope. Programmable drug release, being painless, and its minimally invasive nature make it an intriguing strategy to circumvent the multiple challenges associated with the various drug delivery systems. The integration of positive traits of NCs and MNs boosts therapeutic effectiveness by evading stratum corneum, facilitating the delivery of NCs through the skin and enhancing their targeted delivery. This review discusses the barrier function of skin, the importance of MNs, the types of MNs, and the superiority of NC-loaded MNs. We highlighted the applications of NC-integrated MNs for the management of various skin ailments, combinational drug delivery, active targeting, in vivo imaging, and as theranostics. The clinical trials, patent portfolio, and marketed products of drug/NC-integrated MNs are covered. Finally, regulatory hurdles toward benchtop-to-bedside translation, along with promising prospects needed to scale up NC-integrated MN technology, have been deliberated. The current review is anticipated to deliver thoughtful visions to researchers, clinicians, and formulation scientists for the successful development of the MN-technology-based product by carefully optimizing all the formulation variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Khairnar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Vivek Phatale
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shalini Shukla
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Aachal Hedaoo
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Jordan Strauss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Gabrielle Verana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, United States
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
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4
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Li H, Han H, Wang L, Yao J, Xiao W, Li B. [Research advances of biomedical polymeric microneedles for non-transdermal local drug delivery]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2024; 41:406-412. [PMID: 38686424 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202307038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles have emerged as the new class of local drug delivery system that has broad potential for development. Considering that the microneedles can penetrate tissue barriers quickly, and provide localized and targeted drug delivery, their applications have gradually expanded to non-transdermal drug delivery recently, which are capable of providing rapid and effective treatment for injuries and diseases of organs or tissues. However, a literature search revealed that there is a lack of summaries of the latest developments in non-transdermal drug delivery research by using biomedical polymeric microneedles. The review first described the materials and fabrication methods for the polymeric microneedles, and then reviewed a representative application of microneedles for non-transdermal drug delivery, with the primary focus being on treating and repairing the tissues or organs such as oral cavity, ocular tissues, blood vessels and heart. At the end of the article, the opportunities and challenges associated with microneedles for non-transdermal drug delivery were discussed, along with its future development, in order to provide reference for researchers in the relevant field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, R. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, R. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, R. R. China
| | - Jingzhi Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, R. R. China
| | - Wenqian Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, R. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, R. R. China
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5
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O'Mahony C, Sebastian R, Tjulkins F, Whelan D, Bocchino A, Hu Y, O'Brien J, Scully J, Hegarty M, Blake A, Slimi I, Clover AJP, Lyness A, Kelleher AM. Hollow silicon microneedles, fabricated using combined wet and dry etching techniques, for transdermal delivery and diagnostics. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122888. [PMID: 36977451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle-based technologies are the subject of intense research and commercial interest for applications in transdermal delivery and diagnostics, primarily because of their minimally invasive and painless nature, which in turn could lead to increased patient compliance and self-administration. In this paper, a process for the fabrication of arrays of hollow silicon microneedles is described. This method uses just two bulk silicon etches - a front-side wet etch to define the 500 μm tall octagonal needle structure itself, and a rear-side dry etch to create a 50 μm diameter bore through the needle. This reduces the number of etches and process complexity over the approaches described elsewhere. Ex-vivo human skin and a customised applicator were used to demonstrate biomechanical reliability and the feasibility of using these microneedles for both transdermal delivery and diagnostics. Microneedle arrays show no damage even when applied to skin up to 40 times, are capable of delivering several mL of fluid at flowrates of 30 μL/min, and of withdrawing 1 μL of interstitial fluid using capillary action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor O'Mahony
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Ryan Sebastian
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fjodors Tjulkins
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Derek Whelan
- Department of Biomedical, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea Bocchino
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yuan Hu
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joe O'Brien
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jim Scully
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Margaret Hegarty
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan Blake
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Inès Slimi
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A James P Clover
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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6
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Zhang X, Fu X, Chen G, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Versatile Ice Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Diverse Actives. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2101210. [PMID: 34218532 PMCID: PMC8425882 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles are regarded as an emerging and promising transdermal drug delivery strategy. Great efforts are devoted to getting rid of their material restrictions and imparting them with abilities to carry various drugs. Here, inspired by ice formation in nature and based on characteristics of different frozen materials, the authors present novel ice microneedles made from versatile soft materials using a simple freezing template-based fabrication stratagem for effective transdermal delivery of diverse actives. Their strategy can convert microneedles with almost all water-containing components from softness into hardness for guaranteeing satisfactory penetration, thus removing their material component limitations. As all fabrication procedures are mild and actives can maintain activity during these processes, the ice microneedles can carry and deliver various actives from small molecules and macromolecules to even living organisms. They have demonstrated that these ice microneedles can easily penetrate mouse and swine skins using a microneedle injector, with their active-carried tips left inside after their ice base melts. Thus, by loading heparin, erythropoietin, or biosafe Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) inside the ice microneedles to treat mouse models, the practical values of these microneedles are well displayed, indicating their bright prospects in universal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210002China
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210002China
| | - Guopu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210002China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyInstitute of Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210002China
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
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Li X, Huang X, Mo J, Wang H, Huang Q, Yang C, Zhang T, Chen H, Hang T, Liu F, Jiang L, Wu Q, Li H, Hu N, Xie X. A Fully Integrated Closed-Loop System Based on Mesoporous Microneedles-Iontophoresis for Diabetes Treatment. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2100827. [PMID: 34081407 PMCID: PMC8373098 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A closed-loop system that can mini-invasively track blood glucose and intelligently treat diabetes is in great demand for modern medicine, yet it remains challenging to realize. Microneedles technologies have recently emerged as powerful tools for transdermal applications with inherent painlessness and biosafety. In this work, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, a fully integrated wearable closed-loop system (IWCS) based on mini-invasive microneedle platform is developed for in situ diabetic sensing and treatment. The IWCS consists of three connected modules: 1) a mesoporous microneedle-reverse iontophoretic glucose sensor; 2) a flexible printed circuit board as integrated and control; and 3) a microneedle-iontophoretic insulin delivery component. As the key component, mesoporous microneedles enable the painless penetration of stratum corneum, implementing subcutaneous substance exchange. The coupling with iontophoresis significantly enhances glucose extraction and insulin delivery and enables electrical control. This IWCS is demonstrated to accurately monitor glucose fluctuations, and responsively deliver insulin to regulate hyperglycemia in diabetic rat model. The painless microneedles and wearable design endows this IWCS as a highly promising platform to improve the therapies of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐SenUniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinshuo Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingshan Mo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiqi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐SenUniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui‐Jiuan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tian Hang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fanmao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lelun Jiang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat‐SenUniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qianni Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongbo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ning Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xi Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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8
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Shin JH, Lee JH, Jeong SD, Noh JY, Lee HW, Song CS, Kim YC. C-di-GMP with influenza vaccine showed enhanced and shifted immune responses in microneedle vaccination in the skin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:815-825. [PMID: 32141036 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A microneedle is a biomedical device which consists of multiple micron scale needles. It is widely used in various fields to deliver drugs and vaccines to the skin effectively. However, when considering improved vaccine efficacy in microneedle vaccination, it is important to find an appropriate adjuvant that is able to be used in transdermal delivery. Herein, we demonstrated the applicability of c-di-GMP, which is a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, as an adjuvant for influenza microneedle vaccination. Thus, 2 and 10 μg of GMP with the influenza vaccine were coated onto a microneedle, and then, BALB/c mice were immunized with the coated microneedle to investigate the immunogenicity and protection efficacy of the influenza microneedle vaccination. As a result, the adjuvant groups had an enhanced IgG response, IgG subtypes and HI titer compared to the vaccine only group. In addition to the humoral immunity, the use of an adjuvant has also been shown to improve the cellular immune response. In a challenge study, adjuvant groups had a 100% survival rate and rapid weight recovery. Taken together, this study confirms that GMP is an effective adjuvant for influenza microneedle vaccination. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyung Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Dong Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Noh
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Howells O, Blayney GJ, Gualeni B, Birchall JC, Eng PF, Ashraf H, Sharma S, Guy OJ. Design, fabrication, and characterisation of a silicon microneedle array for transdermal therapeutic delivery using a single step wet etch process. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 171:19-28. [PMID: 34144128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of silicon in-plane microneedle arrays from a simple single wet etch step is presented. The characteristic 54.7° sidewall etch angle obtained via KOH etching of (100) orientation silicon wafers has been used to create a novel microneedle design. The KOH simultaneously etches both the front and back sides of the wafer to produce V shaped grooves, that intersect to form a sharp pyramidal six-sided microneedle tip. This method allows fabrication of solid microneedles with different geometries to determine the optimal microneedle length and width for effective penetration and minimally invasive drug delivery. A modified grooved microneedle design can also be used to create a hollow microneedle, via bonding of two grooved microneedles together, creating an enclosed hollow channel. The microneedle arrays developed, effectively penetrate the skin without significant indentation, thereby enabling effective delivery of active ingredients via either a poke and patch application using solid microneedles or direct injection using hollow microneedles. This simple, scalable and cost effective method utilises KOH to etch the silicon wafer in-plane, allowing microneedles with variable length of several mm to be fabricated, as opposed to out-of-plane MNs, which are geometrically restricted to dimensions less than the thickness of the wafer. These microneedle arrays have been used to demonstrate effective delivery of insulin and hyaluronic acid into the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Howells
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8AE, UK
| | - Gareth J Blayney
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8AE, UK
| | - Benedetta Gualeni
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - James C Birchall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | | | - Huma Ashraf
- SPTS Technologies, Ringland Way, Newport NP18 2TA, UK
| | - Sanjiv Sharma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8AE, UK.
| | - Owen J Guy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8AE, UK
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10
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Tang S, Zhu W, Wang BZ. Influenza Vaccines toward Universality through Nanoplatforms and Given by Microneedle Patches. Viruses 2020; 12:E1212. [PMID: 33114336 PMCID: PMC7690886 DOI: 10.3390/v12111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is one of the top threats to public health. The best strategy to prevent influenza is vaccination. Because of the antigenic changes in the major surface antigens of influenza viruses, current seasonal influenza vaccines need to be updated every year to match the circulating strains and are suboptimal for protection. Furthermore, seasonal vaccines do not protect against potential influenza pandemics. A universal influenza vaccine will eliminate the threat of both influenza epidemics and pandemics. Due to the massive challenge in realizing influenza vaccine universality, a single vaccine strategy cannot meet the need. A comprehensive approach that integrates advances in immunogen designs, vaccine and adjuvant nanoplatforms, and vaccine delivery and controlled release has the potential to achieve an effective universal influenza vaccine. This review will summarize the advances in the research and development of an affordable universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.T.); (W.Z.)
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11
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Al-Kasasbeh R, Brady AJ, Courtenay AJ, Larrañeta E, McCrudden MTC, O'Kane D, Liggett S, Donnelly RF. Evaluation of the clinical impact of repeat application of hydrogel-forming microneedle array patches. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:690-705. [PMID: 32103450 PMCID: PMC7228965 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-forming microneedle array patches (MAPs) have been proposed as viable clinical tools for patient monitoring purposes, providing an alternative to traditional methods of sample acquisition, such as venepuncture and intradermal sampling. They are also undergoing investigation in the management of non-melanoma skin cancers. In contrast to drug or vaccine delivery, when only a small number of MAP applications would be required, hydrogel MAPs utilised for sampling purposes or for tumour eradication would necessitate regular, repeat applications. Therefore, the current study was designed to address one of the key translational aspects of MAP development, namely patient safety. We demonstrate, for the first time in human volunteers, that repeat MAP application and wear does not lead to prolonged skin reactions or prolonged disruption of skin barrier function. Importantly, concentrations of specific systemic biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP); tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)); infection (interleukin-1β (IL-1β); allergy (immunoglobulin E (IgE)) and immunity (immunoglobulin G (IgG)) were all recorded over the course of this fixed study period. No biomarker concentrations above the normal, documented adult ranges were recorded over the course of the study, indicating that no systemic reactions had been initiated in volunteers. Building upon the results of this study, which serve to highlight the safety of our hydrogel MAP, we are actively working towards CE marking of our MAP technology as a medical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Al-Kasasbeh
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Aaron J Brady
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, 51 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Aaron J Courtenay
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | - Donal O'Kane
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Stephen Liggett
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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12
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Angkawinitwong U, Courtenay AJ, Rodgers AM, Larrañeta E, McCarthy HO, Brocchini S, Donnelly RF, Williams GR. A Novel Transdermal Protein Delivery Strategy via Electrohydrodynamic Coating of PLGA Microparticles onto Microneedles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:12478-12488. [PMID: 32066234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of biological therapeutics is emerging as a potent alternative to intravenous or subcutaneous injections. The latter possess major challenges including patient discomfort, the necessity for trained personnel, specialized sharps disposal, and risk of infection. The microneedle (MN) technology circumvents many of the abovementioned challenges, delivering biological materials directly into the skin and allowing sustained release of the active ingredient both in animal models and in humans. This study describes the use of electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) to coat ovalbumin (OVA)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles onto hydrogel-forming MN arrays. The particles showed extended release of OVA over ca. 28 days. Microscopic analysis demonstrated that EHDA could generate a uniform particle coating on the MNs, with 30% coating efficiency. Furthermore, the coated MN array manifested similar mechanical characteristics and insertion properties to the uncoated system, suggesting that the coating should have no detrimental effects on the application of the MNs. The coated MNs resulted in no significant increase in anti-OVA-specific IgG titres in C57BL/6 mice in vivo as compared to the untreated mice (paired t-test, p > 0.05), indicating that the formulations are nonimmunogenic. The approach of using EHDA to coat an MN array thus appears to have potential as a novel noninvasive protein delivery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukrit Angkawinitwong
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Aaron J Courtenay
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, SAAD Building, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, U.K
| | - Aoife M Rodgers
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
- Maynooth University Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth W23 F2K8, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
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13
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Howell AH, Peters WS, Knoblauch M. The diffusive injection micropipette (DIMP). J Plant Physiol 2020; 244:153060. [PMID: 31765880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The microinjection of fluorescent probes into live cells is an essential component in the toolbox of modern cell biology. Microinjection techniques include the penetration of the plasma membrane and, if present, the cell wall with micropipettes, and the application of pressure or electrical currents to drive the micropipette contents into the cell. These procedures interfere with cellular functions and therefore may induce artifacts. We designed the diffusive injection micropipette (DIMP) that avoids most of the possible artifacts due to the drastically reduced volume of its fluid contents and the utilization of diffusion for cargo delivery into the target cell. DIMPs were successfully tested in plant, fungal, and animal cells. Using the continuity of cytoplasmic dynamics over ten minutes after impalement of Nicotiana trichome cells as a criterion for non-invasiveness, we found DIMPs significantly less disruptive than conventional pressure microinjection. The design of DIMPs abolishes major sources of artifacts that cannot be avoided by other microinjection techniques. Moreover, DIMPs are inexpensive, easy to produce, and can be applied without specific equipment other than a micromanipulator. With these features, DIMPs may become the tool of choice for studies that require the least invasive delivery possible of materials into live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Howell
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Winfried S Peters
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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14
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Lee K, Goudie MJ, Tebon P, Sun W, Luo Z, Lee J, Zhang S, Fetah K, Kim HJ, Xue Y, Darabi MA, Ahadian S, Sarikhani E, Ryu W, Gu Z, Weiss PS, Dokmeci MR, Ashammakhi N, Khademhosseini A. Non-transdermal microneedles for advanced drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 165-166:41-59. [PMID: 31837356 PMCID: PMC7295684 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have been used to deliver drugs for over two decades. These platforms have been proven to increase transdermal drug delivery efficiency dramatically by penetrating restrictive tissue barriers in a minimally invasive manner. While much of the early development of MNs focused on transdermal drug delivery, this technology can be applied to a variety of other non-transdermal biomedical applications. Several variations, such as multi-layer or hollow MNs, have been developed to cater to the needs of specific applications. The heterogeneity in the design of MNs has demanded similar variety in their fabrication methods; the most common methods include micromolding and drawing lithography. Numerous materials have been explored for MN fabrication which range from biocompatible ceramics and metals to natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers. Recent advances in MN engineering have diversified MNs to include unique shapes, materials, and mechanical properties that can be tailored for organ-specific applications. In this review, we discuss the design and creation of modern MNs that aim to surpass the biological barriers of non-transdermal drug delivery in ocular, vascular, oral, and mucosal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- KangJu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhimin Luo
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kirsten Fetah
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yumeng Xue
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Darabi
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Einollah Sarikhani
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - WonHyoung Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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15
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García J, Ríos I, Fonthal Rico F. Design and Analyses of a Transdermal Drug Delivery Device (TD 3) †. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19235090. [PMID: 31766416 PMCID: PMC6928847 DOI: 10.3390/s19235090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a novel type of transdermal drug delivery device (TD3) with a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) design using computer-aided design (CAD) techniques as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations regarding the fluid interaction inside the device during the actuation process. For the actuation principles of the chamber and microvalve, both thermopneumatic and piezoelectric principles are employed respectively, originating that the design perfectly integrates those principles through two different components, such as a micropump with integrated microvalves and a microneedle array. The TD3 has shown to be capable of delivering a volumetric flow of 2.92 × 10-5 cm3/s with a 6.6 Hz membrane stroke frequency. The device only needs 116 Pa to complete the suction process and 2560 Pa to complete the discharge process. A 38-microneedle array with 450 µm in length fulfills the function of permeating skin, allowing that the fluid reaches the desired destination and avoiding any possible pain during the insertion.
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16
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Huang J, You W, Xu Z, Yan Q, Shi C, Tang B, Luo X, Li G, Ke C. An Effective Microinjection Method and TALEN-Mediated Genome Editing in Pacific Abalone. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2019; 21:441-447. [PMID: 31119501 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, is an economically important marine mollusk species and an important model animal for studies on ecological, fertilization and developmental biology. While embryonic injection and genome editing have been wildly used in gene function study and trait improvement in many species, they have not been developed in abalones. In this study, we reported an effective method to inject exogenous materials in H. discus hannai unfertilized eggs. The injected eggs could be fertilized at a ratio of 52.6% ± 5.9% and hatch at a ratio of 14.6% ± 1.6%. On the base of this, we further developed an efficient genome editing approach in this species with the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique. Two TALEN pairs targeting the coding sequence of the abalone nodal gene were assembled and tested. While one of the TALEN pairs showed no detectable mutation efficacy, the other one generated mutations in 50% of the targeted loci. The mutation includes small insertions and deletions and base pair replacements like that reported in other species when the TALEN method was applied. Overall, this is the first study to demonstrate site-specific genome editing in abalone. This work can serve as a reference for future studies focusing on the functional genomics in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Weiwei You
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qiuning Yan
- State Key Laboratory of the Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chenggang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of the Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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17
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Liu S, Zhang S, Duan Y, Niu Y, Gu H, Zhao Z, Zhang S, Yang Y, Wang X, Gao Y, Yang P. Transcutaneous immunization of recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin B protein using a dissolving microneedle provides potent protection against lethal enterotoxin challenge. Vaccine 2019; 37:3810-3819. [PMID: 31147275 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) produced by the Staphylococcus aureus bacteriumis most commonly associated with food poisoning and is known to also cause toxic shock syndrome. Currently, no approved vaccine or specific drug is available to treat SEB intoxication. In this study, we fabricated dissolving microneedles (MNs) loaded with recombinant SEB (rSEB) protein, and evaluated its characteristics, including dissolution profile, protein particle size, insertion depth, antigen retention time in vivo, and skin irritation. Our results showed that rSEB protein-loaded dissolving MNs made of chondroitin sulfate (2%) and trehalose (0.8%) could easily penetrate into the mouse skin within 5 min. The rSEB particle size was unchanged before and after MN fabrication. The skin penetration depth of the MNs was 260 µm. Moreover, the MNs also significantly extended the antigen retention time in vivo. rSEB protein-loaded dissolving MNs also triggered slight erythema at the beginning of administration, but this erythema disappeared within a few hours. More importantly, we investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rSEB protein-loaded dissolving MNs. Challenge studies in mice revealed that mice in full-dose MN group had a high level of SEB specific antibody response thatprovided100% protection against a lethal SEB toxin challenge. However, there was only 60% protection observed in mice that were in the half-dose MN (dose sparing) group. We also determined the pathological alterations in the tissues of the immunized mice. Taken together, these dissolving MNs may present a promising transcutaneous immunization strategy for treating SEB intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photo Chemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Yueqiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Niu
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shaogeng Zhang
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photo Chemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing China.
| | - Penghui Yang
- Beijing 302 Hospital/5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General of Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
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18
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Liu F, Lin Z, Jin Q, Wu Q, Yang C, Chen HJ, Cao Z, Lin DA, Zhou L, Hang T, He G, Xu Y, Xia W, Tao J, Xie X. Protection of Nanostructures-Integrated Microneedle Biosensor Using Dissolvable Polymer Coating. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:4809-4819. [PMID: 30628778 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Real-time transdermal biosensing provides a direct route to quantify biomarkers or physiological signals of local tissues. Although microneedles (MNs) present a mini-invasive transdermal technique, integration of MNs with advanced nanostructures to enhance sensing functionalities has rarely been achieved. This is largely due to the fact that nanostructures present on MNs surface could be easily destructed due to friction during skin insertion. In this work, we reported a dissolvable polymer-coating technique to protect nanostructures-integrated MNs from mechanical destruction during MNs insertion. After penetration into the skin, the polymer could readily dissolve by interstitial fluids so that the superficial nanostructures on MNs could be re-exposed for sensing purpose. To demonstrate this technique, metallic and resin MNs decorated with vertical ZnO nanowires (vNWs) were employed as an example. Dissolvable poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) was spray-coated on the vNW-MNs surface as a protective layer, which effectively protected the superficial ZnO NWs when MNs penetrated the skin. Transdermal biosensing of H2O2 biomarker in skin tissue using the polymer-protecting MNs sensor was demonstrated both ex vivo and in vivo. The results indicated that polymer coating successfully preserved the sensing functionalities of the MNs sensor after inserting into the skin, whereas the sensitivity of the MN sensor without a coating protection was significantly compromised by 3-folds. This work provided unique opportunities of protecting functional nanomodulus on MNs surface for minimally invasive transdermal biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmao Liu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-sen University , 510080 Guangzhou , China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhihong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
| | - Quanchang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
| | - Qianni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center , Sun Yat-sen University , 510060 Guangzhou , China
| | - Chengduan Yang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-sen University , 510080 Guangzhou , China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
| | - Zihan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
| | - Di-An Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
| | - Lingfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
| | - Tian Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
| | - Yonghang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering , Foshan University , 528000 Foshan , China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-sen University , 510080 Guangzhou , China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-sen University , 510080 Guangzhou , China
| | - Xi Xie
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-sen University , 510080 Guangzhou , China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , 510006 Guangzhou , China
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Yang J, Chen Z, Ye R, Li J, Lin Y, Gao J, Ren L, Liu B, Jiang L. Touch-actuated microneedle array patch for closed-loop transdermal drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1728-1739. [PMID: 30182757 PMCID: PMC6127806 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1507060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, only approximately 20 drugs synthesized with small molecules have been approved by the FDA for use in traditional transdermal patches (TTP) owing to the extremely low permeation rate of the skin barrier for macromolecular drugs. A novel touch-actuated microneedle array patch (TMAP) was developed for transdermal delivery of liquid macromolecular drugs. TMAP is a combination of a typical TTP and a solid microneedle array (MA). High doses of liquid drug formulations, especially heat-sensitive compounds can be easily filled and stored in the drug reservoir of TMAPs. TMAP can easily penetrate the skin and automatically retract from it to create microchannels through the stratum corneum (SC) layer using touch-actuated 'press and release' actions for passive permeation of liquid drugs. Comparison of subcutaneous injection, TTP, solid MA, and dissolvable MA, indicated that insulin-loaded TMAP exhibited the best hypoglycemic effect on type 1 diabetic rats. A 'closed-loop' permeation control was also provided for on-demand insulin delivery based on feedback of blood glucose levels (BGLs). Twenty IU-insulin-loaded TMAP maintained the type 1 diabetic rats in a normoglycemic state for approximately 11.63 h, the longest therapeutic duration among all previously reported results on microneedle-based transdermal patches. TMAP possesses excellent transdermal drug delivery capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yinyan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Cahill EM, Keaveney S, Stuettgen V, Eberts P, Ramos-Luna P, Zhang N, Dangol M, O'Cearbhaill ED. Metallic microneedles with interconnected porosity: A scalable platform for biosensing and drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:401-411. [PMID: 30201432 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metallic-based microneedles (MNs) offer a robust platform for minimally invasive drug delivery and biosensing applications due to their mechanical strength and proven tissue and drug compatibility. However, current designs suffer from limited functional surface area or challenges in manufacturing scalability. Here, porous 316L stainless steel MN patches are proposed. Fabricated through a scalable manufacturing process, they are suitable for storage and delivery of drugs and rapid absorption of fluids for biosensing. Fabrication of these MNs involves hot embossing a patch of stainless steel-based feedstock, sintering at 1100 °C and subsequent electropolishing. Optimisation of this manufacturing process yields devices that maintain mechanical integrity yet possess high surface area and associated porosity (36%) to maximise loading capacity. Similarly, a small pore size has been targeted (average diameter 2.22 μm, with 90% between 1.56 μm and 2.93 μm) to maximise capillarity and loading efficiency. This porous network has a theoretical wicking rate of 4.7 μl/s and can wick-up 27 ± 5 μl of fluid through capillary action which allows for absorption of pharmaceuticals for delivery. When inserted into a metabolite-loaded skin model, the MNs absorbed and recovered 17 ± 3 μl of the metabolite solution. The drug delivery performance of the porous metallic MNs (22.4 ± 4.9 µg/cm2) was found to be threefold higher than that of topical administration (7.1 ± 4.3 µg/cm2). The porous metallic MN patches have been shown to insert into porcine skin under a 19 N load. These results indicate the potential of design-for-manufacturing porous stainless steel MNs in biosensing and drug delivery applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microneedles are micro-scale sharp protrusions used to bypass the stratum corneum, the skin's outer protective layer, and painlessly access dermal layers suitable for drug delivery and biosensing. Despite a depth of research in the area we have not yet seen large-scale clinical adoption of microneedle devices. Here we describe a device designed to address the potential barriers to adoption seen by other microneedles devices. We have developed a scalable, cost effective process to produce medical grade stainless steel microneedle patches which passively absorb and store drugs or interstitial fluid though a porous network and capillary action. This device, with low manufacturing and regulatory burdens may help the large-scale adoption of microneedles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Cahill
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Shane Keaveney
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Vivien Stuettgen
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Paulina Eberts
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Pamela Ramos-Luna
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nan Zhang
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Manita Dangol
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Eoin D O'Cearbhaill
- UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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21
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Chen Z, Lin Y, Lee W, Ren L, Liu B, Liang L, Wang Z, Jiang L. Additive Manufacturing of Honeybee-Inspired Microneedle for Easy Skin Insertion and Difficult Removal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:29338-29346. [PMID: 30091892 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With natural evolution, honeybee stinger with microbarbs can easily penetrate and trap in the skin of hostile animals to inject venom for self-defense. We proposed a novel three-dimensional additive manufacturing method, namely magnetorheological drawing lithography, to efficiently fabricate a bioinspired microneedle imitating a honeybee stinger. Under the assistance of an external magnetic field, a parent microneedle was directly drawn on the pillar tip, and tilted microbarbs were subsequently formed on the four sides of the parent microneedle. Compared with the barbless microneedle, the microstructured barbs enable the bioinspired microneedle for easy skin insertion and difficult removal. The extraction-penetration force ratio of the bioinspired microneedle was triple that of the barbless microneedle. The stress concentration at the barbs helps to reduce the insertion force of the bioinspired microneedle by minimizing the frictional force, whereas it increases the adhesion force by interlocking the barbs in the tissue during retraction. Such finds may provide an inspiration for further design of barbed microtip-based microneedles for tissue adhesion, transdermal drug delivery, biosignal recording, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , PR China
| | - Yinyan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , PR China
| | - Weihsien Lee
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , PR China
| | - Lei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , PR China
| | - Liang Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Near-net-shape Forming for Metallic Materials , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Near-net-shape Forming for Metallic Materials , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
| | - Lelun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , PR China
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Cunningham FJ, Goh NS, Demirer GS, Matos JL, Landry MP. Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery towards Advancing Plant Genetic Engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:882-897. [PMID: 29703583 PMCID: PMC10461776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of plants has enhanced crop productivity in the face of climate change and a growing global population by conferring desirable genetic traits to agricultural crops. Efficient genetic transformation in plants remains a challenge due to the cell wall, a barrier to exogenous biomolecule delivery. Conventional delivery methods are inefficient, damaging to tissue, or are only effective in a limited number of plant species. Nanoparticles are promising materials for biomolecule delivery, owing to their ability to traverse plant cell walls without external force and highly tunable physicochemical properties for diverse cargo conjugation and broad host range applicability. With the advent of engineered nuclease biotechnologies, we discuss the potential of nanoparticles as an optimal platform to deliver biomolecules to plants for genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Natalie S Goh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gozde S Demirer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Juliana L Matos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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23
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Sanjay ST, Zhou W, Dou M, Tavakoli H, Ma L, Xu F, Li X. Recent advances of controlled drug delivery using microfluidic platforms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 128:3-28. [PMID: 28919029 PMCID: PMC5854505 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conventional systematically-administered drugs distribute evenly throughout the body, get degraded and excreted rapidly while crossing many biological barriers, leaving minimum amounts of the drugs at pathological sites. Controlled drug delivery aims to deliver drugs to the target sites at desired rates and time, thus enhancing the drug efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability while maintaining minimal side effects. Due to a number of unique advantages of the recent microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology, microfluidic lab-on-a-chip has provided unprecedented opportunities for controlled drug delivery. Drugs can be efficiently delivered to the target sites at desired rates in a well-controlled manner by microfluidic platforms via integration, implantation, localization, automation, and precise control of various microdevice parameters. These features accordingly make reproducible, on-demand, and tunable drug delivery become feasible. On-demand self-tuning dynamic drug delivery systems have shown great potential for personalized drug delivery. This review presents an overview of recent advances in controlled drug delivery using microfluidic platforms. The review first briefly introduces microfabrication techniques of microfluidic platforms, followed by detailed descriptions of numerous microfluidic drug delivery systems that have significantly advanced the field of controlled drug delivery. Those microfluidic systems can be separated into four major categories, namely drug carrier-free micro-reservoir-based drug delivery systems, highly integrated carrier-free microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems, drug carrier-integrated microfluidic systems, and microneedles. Microneedles can be further categorized into five different types, i.e. solid, porous, hollow, coated, and biodegradable microneedles, for controlled transdermal drug delivery. At the end, we discuss current limitations and future prospects of microfluidic platforms for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma T. Sanjay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Wan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
| | - Hamed Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
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Ghaemi R, Arefi P, Stosic A, Acker M, Raza Q, Roger Jacobs J, Selvaganapathy PR. A microfluidic microinjector for toxicological and developmental studies in Drosophila embryos. Lab Chip 2017; 17:3898-3908. [PMID: 29058002 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00537g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microinjection is an established and reliable method to deliver biological reagents such as transgenic constructs and drugs, to specific locations inside organisms such as the Drosophila embryo and C. elegans worm. In this paper, a simple compliant mechanism based PDMS-microinjection system has been demonstrated. Unlike conventional microinjectors, this unique system could allow one to precisely insert a long taper microneedle laterally and at various positions inside the length of the Drosophila embryo (up to 250 μm) with the resolution of 5 μm. Volumes as low as 30 pL with accuracy of ±10 pL were delivered inside the embryo via pressure pulses. The device has been used to study the effect of toxins on cardiogenesis in Drosophila embryos. Using this device, we demonstrate that the cardioblast (CB) migration velocity is modified in a dose sensitive manner to varying doses of injected sodium azide (NaN3) and, for the first time, quantify the effect of the toxin on heart assembly. Injection with 40 pL of NaN3 was shown to decrease CB migration velocity and filopodia number at concentrations above 10 mM, while embryos injected with the tracer Rhodamine B (0 mM NaN3) displayed no significant difference when compared to uninjected embryos. This device can be potentially used for other embryonic assays, which require accurate delivery of the reagents to a specific location within the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghaemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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25
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Zhuang S, Lin W, Zhong J, Zhang G, Li L, Qiu J, Gao H. Visual Servoed Three-Dimensional Rotation Control in Zebrafish Larva Heart Microinjection System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:64-73. [PMID: 28422649 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2688375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zebrafish larva heart microinjection is a widely used technique in cardiac disease study. Compared with intensively researched rotation control of spherical or nearly spherical targets with clear structures, such as cells and embryos, 3-D rotation control of zebrafish larva demands new techniques due to its nontransparent structures and irregular outlines. METHODS In this paper, we present a vision-servo system to automate the rotation process of zebrafish larva body. A switched control strategy is adopted to rotate zebrafish larva about the optical axis by using two micropipettes. Precisely rolling about larva body is performed, which involves a custom-designed rotational micromanipulator. A vision detection and online tracking algorithm is also developed to meet the requirement of visual servoing. With designed rotation control strategy, zebrafish larva heart can be adjusted to a desired orientation, which is often towards the injection pipette tip. RESULTS Experimental results show that the designed system is capable of achieving high success rate of 94% about -axis rotation and 100% about -axis with 50 trails. The system also performs an average speed of 44 s/larva with a satisfied rotation accuracy of 0.5 in the horizontal plane and 2.5 about its roll axis. CONCLUSION The proposed strategy is effective in flexibly manipulating larvae in 3-D. SIGNIFICANCE The developed 3-D rotation control scheme is able to be applied to injection of various organs in zebrafish larva body for different experimental requirements.
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Abstract
Microneedles are an efficient and minimally invasive approach to transdermal drug delivery and extraction of skin interstitial fluid. Compared to solid microneedles made of silicon, metals and ceramics, polymeric microneedles have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity. They are easy to fabricate in large scale and can load drugs in high amounts. More importantly, polymers with different degradation profiles, swelling properties, and responses to biological/physical stimuli can be employed to fabricate polymeric microneedles with different mechanical properties and performance. This review provides a guideline for the selection of polymers and the corresponding fabrication methods for polymeric microneedles while summarizing their recent application in drug delivery and fluid extraction. It should be noted that although polymeric microneedles can achieve efficient transdermal delivery of drugs, their wide applications were limited by their unsatisfactory transdermal therapeutic efficiency. Delivery of nanomedicines that incorporate drugs into functional nanoparticles/capsules can address this problem and thus may be an interesting direction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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27
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Durney AR, Frenette LC, Hodvedt EC, Krauss TD, Mukaibo H. Fabrication of Tapered Microtube Arrays and Their Application as a Microalgal Injection Platform. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:34198-34208. [PMID: 27998153 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A template-synthesis method that enables fabrication of tapered microtube arrays is reported. Track-etched poly(ethylene terephthalate) membranes are used as the template, with closed-tipped conical pores having length and base diameter of 6.27 ± 0.28 and 1.21 ± 0.05 μm, respectively. A conductive layer of Pt is deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to enable the successive electrodeposition of Ni. By decreasing the Pt precursor pulse duration from 10 to 1 s during the ALD step, the heights of the microtubes are controlled from the maximal full length (∼6 μm) to only a fraction (1-2 μm) of the template pore. Using a pulsed-current electrodeposition (PCD) method, a smooth and uniform Ni deposit is achieved with a thickness that can be controlled as a function of the PCD cycle. The microtubes' lumen is confirmed to stay open even after 2000 cycles of Ni PCD. A potential application of the prepared array as a microinjection platform is demonstrated via successful injection of 10 nm sized CdZnS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae cells with intact cell walls. The direct delivery method demonstrated in this paper offers novel opportunities for extending the growing interest in array-based microinjection platform to microalgal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Durney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Leah C Frenette
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Hodvedt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Hitomi Mukaibo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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28
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Rajabi M, Roxhed N, Shafagh RZ, Haraldson T, Fischer AC, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G, Niklaus F. Flexible and Stretchable Microneedle Patches with Integrated Rigid Stainless Steel Microneedles for Transdermal Biointerfacing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166330. [PMID: 27935976 PMCID: PMC5147815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper demonstrates flexible and stretchable microneedle patches that combine soft and flexible base substrates with hard and sharp stainless steel microneedles. An elastomeric polymer base enables conformal contact between the microneedle patch and the complex topography and texture of the underlying skin, while robust and sharp stainless steel microneedles reliably pierce the outer layers of the skin. The flexible microneedle patches have been realized by magnetically assembling short stainless steel microneedles into a flexible polymer supporting base. In our experimental investigation, the microneedle patches were applied to human skin and an excellent adaptation of the patch to the wrinkles and deformations of the skin was verified, while at the same time the microneedles reliably penetrate the surface of the skin. The unobtrusive flexible and stretchable microneedle patches have great potential for transdermal biointerfacing in a variety of emerging applications such as transdermal drug delivery, bioelectric treatments and wearable bio-electronics for health and fitness monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Rajabi
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Haraldson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Christin Fischer
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
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Park SH, Lee KJ, Lee J, Yoon JH, Jo DH, Kim JH, Kang K, Ryu W. Microneedle-based minimally-invasive measurement of puncture resistance and fracture toughness of sclera. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:286-94. [PMID: 27521493 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The sclera provides the structural support of the eye and protects the intraocular contents. Since it covers a large portion of the eye surface and has relatively high permeability for most drugs, the sclera has been used as a major pathway for drug administration. Recently, microneedle (MN) technology has shown the possibility of highly local and minimally-invasive drug delivery to the eye by MN insertion through the sclera or the suprachoroidal space. Although ocular MN needs to be inserted through the sclera, there has been no systematic study to understand the mechanical properties of the sclera, which are important to design ocular MNs. In this study, we investigated a MN-based method to measure the puncture resistance and fracture toughness of the sclera. To reflect the conditions of MN insertion into the sclera, force-displacement curves obtained from MN-insertion tests were used to estimate the puncture resistance and fracture toughness of sclera tissue. To understand the effect of the insertion conditions, dependency of the mechanical properties on insertion speeds, pre-strain of the sclera, and MN sizes were analyzed and discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Measurement of mechanical property of soft biological tissue is challenging due to variations between tissue samples or lack of well-defined measurement techniques. Although non-invasive measurement techniques such as nano/micro indentation were employed to locally measure the elastic modulus of soft biological materials, mechanical properties such as puncture resistance or fracture toughness, which requires "invasive" measurement and is important for the application of "microneedles or hypodermic needles", has not been well studied. In this work, we report minimally-invasive measurement of puncture resistance and fracture toughness of sclera using a double MN insertion method. Parametric studies showed that use of MN proved to be advantageous because of minimally-invasive insertion into tissue as well as higher sensitivity to sub-tissue architecture during the measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ju Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - JiYong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwook Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - WonHyoung Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Vicente-Pérez EM, Quinn HL, McAlister E, O'Neill S, Hanna LA, Barry JG, Donnelly RF. The Use of a Pressure-Indicating Sensor Film to Provide Feedback upon Hydrogel-Forming Microneedle Array Self-Application In Vivo. Pharm Res 2016; 33:3072-3080. [PMID: 27633885 PMCID: PMC5093199 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the combination of a pressure-indicating sensor film with hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays, as a method of feedback to confirm MN insertion in vivo. METHODS Pilot in vitro insertion studies were conducted using a Texture Analyser to insert MN arrays, coupled with a pressure-indicating sensor film, at varying forces into excised neonatal porcine skin. In vivo studies involved twenty human volunteers, who self-applied two hydrogel-forming MN arrays, one with a pressure-indicating sensor film incorporated and one without. Optical coherence tomography was employed to measure the resulting penetration depth and colorimetric analysis to investigate the associated colour change of the pressure-indicating sensor film. RESULTS Microneedle insertion was achieved in vitro at three different forces, demonstrating the colour change of the pressure-indicating sensor film upon application of increasing pressure. When self-applied in vivo, there was no significant difference in the microneedle penetration depth resulting from each type of array, with a mean depth of 237 μm recorded. When the pressure-indicating sensor film was present, a colour change occurred upon each application, providing evidence of insertion. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, this study shows how the incorporation of a simple, low-cost pressure-indicating sensor film can indicate microneedle insertion in vitro and in vivo, providing visual feedback to assure the user of correct application. Such a strategy may enhance usability of a microneedle device and, hence, assist in the future translation of the technology to widespread clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Vicente-Pérez
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen L Quinn
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Emma McAlister
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shannon O'Neill
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lezley-Anne Hanna
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Johanne G Barry
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Rini CJ, McVey E, Sutter D, Keith S, Kurth HJ, Nosek L, Kapitza C, Rebrin K, Hirsch L, Pettis RJ. Intradermal insulin infusion achieves faster insulin action than subcutaneous infusion for 3-day wear. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 5:332-45. [PMID: 26037035 PMCID: PMC4529466 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid uptake previously demonstrated by intradermal (ID) drug administration indicates compound delivery within the dermis may have clinical and pharmacological advantages for certain drug therapies. This study is the first clinical trial to evaluate continuous microneedle-based drug infusion, device wearability, and intradermal microneedle insulin kinetics over a multi-day (72 h) wear period. This was a single center, open-label, two-period crossover study in T1DM patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Patients received treatment during interventional visits: one SC and one ID basal/bolus infusion of insulin aspart (NovoRapid® U-100) administered over 3 days in a randomized order. Twenty-eight patients were randomized and exposed to trial product, and 23 completed the study. Bolus insulin infusions were given prior to standardized breakfast and lunch test meals on each of the three treatment days. Blood samples were drawn at predefined time points for measurements of insulin aspart and blood glucose in serum. The primary endpoint insulin Tmax demonstrated that ID bolus infusion was associated with a significantly shorter Tmax with statistically significantly smaller intra-subject variability, compared to SC infusion, and this difference was maintained over three treatment days. Analyses of secondary PK endpoints corresponded with the primary endpoint findings. Postprandial glycemic response was significantly less pronounced after ID bolus: For most endpoints ID vs. SC, differences were statistically significant within the 0–1.5 or 0–2 h time period. Intradermal delivery of insulin is a viable delivery route alternative providing reduced time for insulin absorption with less intra-subject variability and lower glycemic response.
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Xie Y, Zhou Y, Lin Y, Wang L, Xi W. Development of a Microforce Sensor and Its Array Platform for Robotic Cell Microinjection Force Measurement. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16040483. [PMID: 27058545 PMCID: PMC4850997 DOI: 10.3390/s16040483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Robot-assisted cell microinjection, which is precise and can enable a high throughput, is attracting interest from researchers. Conventional probe-type cell microforce sensors have some real-time injection force measurement limitations, which prevent their integration in a cell microinjection robot. In this paper, a novel supported-beam based cell micro-force sensor with a piezoelectric polyvinylidine fluoride film used as the sensing element is described, which was designed to solve the real-time force-sensing problem during a robotic microinjection manipulation, and theoretical mechanical and electrical models of the sensor function are derived. Furthermore, an array based cell-holding device with a trapezoidal microstructure is micro-fabricated, which serves to improve the force sensing speed and cell manipulation rates. Tests confirmed that the sensor showed good repeatability and a linearity of 1.82%. Finally, robot-assisted zebrafish embryo microinjection experiments were conducted. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the sensor working with the robotic cell manipulation system. Moreover, the sensing structure, theoretical model, and fabrication method established in this study are not scale dependent. Smaller cells, e.g., mouse oocytes, could also be manipulated with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yuzi Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Wenming Xi
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Abstract
Gap junctions are essential for the proper function of many native mammalian tissues including neurons, cardiomyocytes, embryonic tissues, and muscle. Assessing these channels is therefore fundamental to understanding disease pathophysiology, developing therapies for a multitude of acquired and genetic conditions, and providing novel approaches to drug delivery and cellular communication. Microinjection is a robust, albeit difficult, technique, which provides considerable information that is superior to many of the simpler techniques due to its ability to isolate cells, quantify kinetics, and allow cross-comparison of multiple cell lines. Despite its user-dependent nature, the strengths of the technique are considerable and with the advent of new, automation technologies may improve further. This text describes the basic technique of microinjection and briefly discusses modern automation advances that can improve the success rates of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Fridman
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert M Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics - Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kim M, Yang H, Kim S, Lee C, Jung H. The Troy Microneedle: A Rapidly Separating, Dissolving Microneedle Formed by Cyclic Contact and Drying on the Pillar (CCDP). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136513. [PMID: 26308945 PMCID: PMC4550382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In dissolving microneedle (DMN)-mediated therapy, complete and rapid delivery of DMNs is critical for the desired efficacy. Traditional patch-based DMN delivery, however, may fail due to incomplete delivery from insufficient skin insertion or rapid separation of microneedles due to their strong bond to the backing film. Here, we introduce the Troy microneedle, which was created by cyclic contact and drying on the pillar (CCDP), and which enabled simultaneous complete and rapid delivery of DMN. This CCDP process could be flexibly repeated to achieve a specific desired drug dose in a DMN. We evaluated DMN separation using agarose gel, and the Troy microneedle achieved more complete and rapid separation than other, more deeply dipped DMN, primarily because of the Troy’s minimal junction between the DMN and pillar. When Troy microneedles were applied to pig cadaver skin, it took only 15 s for over 90% of encapsulated rhodamine B to be delivered, compared to 2 h with application of a traditional DMN patch. In vivo skin penetration studies demonstrated rapid DMN-separation of Troy microneedles still in solid form before dissolution. The Troy microneedle overcomes critical issues associated with the low penetration efficiency of flat patch-based DMN and provides an innovative route for DMN-mediated therapy, combining patient convenience with the desire drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Huisuk Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chisong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungil Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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35
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Cheung K, West G, Das DB. Delivery of large molecular protein using flat and short microneedles prepared using focused ion beam (FIB) as a skin ablation tool. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 5:462-7. [PMID: 26227622 PMCID: PMC4529458 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have been reported in the literature on the effects of various geometries and lengths of microneedles (MNs) on transdermal drug delivery using a variety of drug molecules. In particular, sharp-tipped MNs have been used to disrupt the top layer of the skin, namely, stratum corneum (SC). It has also been shown that short- and flat-tipped MNs can pierce the SC and they have the potential to increase drug permeability. However, there is little work that explores MNs as a skin ablative tool with a view to increasing skin permeability. To address this point, well-defined small patterns (size of individual pattern 10–20 μm) on the tip of flat MN (tip radius of individual MN ∼250 μm) were created and their effects evaluated on the permeability of bovine serum albumin (BSA), which is chosen as a model drug of high molecular weight. The patterns on the tip of flat MN act as rough surfaces (e.g. like sand paper) which when applied on the surface of the skin ablate the SC layer. Focused ion beam (FIB) has been used as the fabrication technique for the MNs. The permeability data are then compared with the other data for flat- and sharp-tipped MN. The permeability data from passive diffusion experiments are used as the reference case. The exact number of MNs or patterns in the flat and patterned MN patches is not considered as important as they have not been designed to pierce the skin. However, this is an important consideration in the case of sharp MNs as they pierce and create cavities in the skin. It is found that the delivery of BSA with the fabricated flat and patterned MNs gave similar but somewhat lower drug permeation profile in comparison to the sharp MNs. Passive diffusion showed no permeation, as would be expected due to the large size of the chosen molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Cheung
- />Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
| | - Geoff West
- />Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- />Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
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Kertesz V, Calligaris D, Feldman DR, Changelian A, Laws ER, Santagata S, Agar NY, Van Berkel GJ. Profiling of adrenocorticotropic hormone and arginine vasopressin in human pituitary gland and tumor thin tissue sections using droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling-HPLC-ESI-MS-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5989-98. [PMID: 26084546 PMCID: PMC4514558 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Described here are the results from the profiling of the proteins arginine vasopressin (AVP) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from normal human pituitary gland and pituitary adenoma tissue sections, using a fully automated droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling-HPLC-ESI-MS-MS system for spatially resolved sampling, HPLC separation, and mass spectrometric detection. Excellent correlation was found between the protein distribution data obtained with this method and data obtained with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) chemical imaging analyses of serial sections of the same tissue. The protein distributions correlated with the visible anatomic pattern of the pituitary gland. AVP was most abundant in the posterior pituitary gland region (neurohypophysis), and ATCH was dominant in the anterior pituitary gland region (adenohypophysis). The relative amounts of AVP and ACTH sampled from a series of ACTH-secreting and non-secreting pituitary adenomas correlated with histopathological evaluation. ACTH was readily detected at significantly higher levels in regions of ACTH-secreting adenomas and in normal anterior adenohypophysis compared with non-secreting adenoma and neurohypophysis. AVP was mostly detected in normal neurohypophysis, as expected. This work reveals that a fully automated droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling system coupled to HPLC-ESI-MS-MS can be readily used for spatially resolved sampling, separation, detection, and semi-quantitation of physiologically-relevant peptide and protein hormones, including AVP and ACTH, directly from human tissue. In addition, the relative simplicity, rapidity, and specificity of this method support the potential of this basic technology, with further advancement, for assisting surgical decision-making. Graphical Abstract Mass spectrometry based profiling of hormones in human pituitary gland and tumor thin tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131
| | - David Calligaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Daniel R. Feldman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Armen Changelian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Edward R. Laws
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Nathalie Y.R. Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115-6110
| | - Gary J. Van Berkel
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131
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Abstract
In the literature, several types of microneedles have been extensively described. However, porous microneedle arrays only received minimal attention. Hence, only little is known about drug delivery via these microneedles. However, porous microneedle arrays may have potential for future microneedle-based drug and vaccine delivery and could be a valuable addition to the other microneedle-based drug delivery approaches. To gain more insight into porous microneedle technologies, the scientific and patent literature is reviewed, and we focus on the possibilities and constraints of porous microneedle technologies for dermal drug delivery. Furthermore, we show preliminary data with commercially available porous microneedles and describe future directions in this field of research.
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Yan B, Li B, Kunecke F, Gu Z, Guo L. Polypyrrole-Based Implantable Electroactive Pump for Controlled Drug Microinjection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:14563-14568. [PMID: 26134590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Implantable devices for long-lasting controlled insulin microinjection are of great value to diabetic patients. To address this need, we develop a flexible electroactive pump based on a biocompatible polypyrrole composite film that comprises a polypyrrole matrix and a macromolecular dopant of polycaprolactone-block-polytetrahydrofuran-block-polycaprolactone. Using phosphate-buffered saline as the electrolyte, this film demonstrates much higher electroactivity and reproducibility than conventional Cl--doped polypyrrole, making it an excellent actuator for driving an implantable pump. At a driving current density of 1 mA/cm2, the pump demonstrates a consistent output capacity of 10.5 at 0.35 μL/s over 20 cycles. This work paves the way for the development of an implantable electroactive pump to improve the quality of life of diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhen Gu
- ‡Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Liu J, Fu TM, Cheng Z, Hong G, Zhou T, Jin L, Duvvuri M, Jiang Z, Kruskal P, Xie C, Suo Z, Fang Y, Lieber CM. Syringe-injectable electronics. Nat Nanotechnol 2015; 10:629-636. [PMID: 26053995 PMCID: PMC4591029 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Seamless and minimally invasive three-dimensional interpenetration of electronics within artificial or natural structures could allow for continuous monitoring and manipulation of their properties. Flexible electronics provide a means for conforming electronics to non-planar surfaces, yet targeted delivery of flexible electronics to internal regions remains difficult. Here, we overcome this challenge by demonstrating the syringe injection (and subsequent unfolding) of sub-micrometre-thick, centimetre-scale macroporous mesh electronics through needles with a diameter as small as 100 μm. Our results show that electronic components can be injected into man-made and biological cavities, as well as dense gels and tissue, with >90% device yield. We demonstrate several applications of syringe-injectable electronics as a general approach for interpenetrating flexible electronics with three-dimensional structures, including (1) monitoring internal mechanical strains in polymer cavities, (2) tight integration and low chronic immunoreactivity with several distinct regions of the brain, and (3) in vivo multiplexed neural recording. Moreover, syringe injection enables the delivery of flexible electronics through a rigid shell, the delivery of large-volume flexible electronics that can fill internal cavities, and co-injection of electronics with other materials into host structures, opening up unique applications for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Zengguang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Lihua Jin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Madhavi Duvvuri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Peter Kruskal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Zhigang Suo
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Corresponding author.
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research of Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research of Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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41
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Spieth S, Schumacher A, Trenkle F, Brett O, Seidl K, Herwik S, Kisban S, Ruther P, Paul O, Aarts AAA, Neves HP, Rich PD, Theobald DE, Holtzman T, Dalley JW, Verhoef BE, Janssen P, Zengerle R. Approaches for drug delivery with intracortical probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 59:291-303. [PMID: 24101367 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracortical microprobes allow the precise monitoring of electrical and chemical signaling and are widely used in neuroscience. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technologies have greatly enhanced the integration of multifunctional probes by facilitating the combination of multiple recording electrodes and drug delivery channels in a single probe. Depending on the neuroscientific application, various assembly strategies are required in addition to the microprobe fabrication itself. This paper summarizes recent advances in the fabrication and assembly of micromachined silicon probes for drug delivery achieved within the EU-funded research project NeuroProbes. The described fabrication process combines a two-wafer silicon bonding process with deep reactive ion etching, wafer grinding, and thin film patterning and offers a maximum in design flexibility. By applying this process, three general comb-like microprobe designs featuring up to four 8-mm-long shafts, cross sections from 150×200 to 250×250 µm², and different electrode and fluidic channel configurations are realized. Furthermore, we discuss the development and application of different probe assemblies for acute, semichronic, and chronic applications, including comb and array assemblies, floating microprobe arrays, as well as the complete drug delivery system NeuroMedicator for small animal research.
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42
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Walsh L, Ryu J, Bock S, Koval M, Mauro T, Ross R, Desai T. Nanotopography facilitates in vivo transdermal delivery of high molecular weight therapeutics through an integrin-dependent mechanism. Nano Lett 2015; 15:2434-41. [PMID: 25790174 PMCID: PMC4478088 DOI: 10.1021/nl504829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of therapeutics is restricted by narrow limitations on size and hydrophobicity. Nanotopography has been shown to significantly enhance high molecular weight paracellular transport in vitro. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that nanotopography applied to microneedles significantly enhances transdermal delivery of etanercept, a 150 kD therapeutic, in both rats and rabbits. We further show that this effect is mediated by remodeling of the tight junction proteins initiated via integrin binding to the nanotopography, followed by phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and activation of the actomyosin complex, which in turn increase paracellular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Walsh
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, Room 204, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States
| | - Jubin Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, California 94115, United States
| | - Suzanne Bock
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 205, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Theodora Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, California 94115, United States
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Hospital, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, California 94121, United States
| | - Russell Ross
- Kimberly-Clark Corporation, 8601 Dunwoody Place, Suite 580, Atlanta, Georgia 30350, United States
| | - Tejal Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, Room 204, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States
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43
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Cheon GW, Huang Y, Kwag HR, Kim KY, Taylor RH, Gehlbach PL, Kang JU. Injection-depth-locking axial motion guided handheld micro-injector using CP-SSOCT. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2014:6163-6. [PMID: 25571404 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6945036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a handheld micro-injector system using common-path swept source optical coherence tomography (CP-SSOCT) as a distal sensor with highly accurate injection-depth-locking. To achieve real-time, highly precise, and intuitive freehand control, the system used graphics processing unit (GPU) to process the oversampled OCT signal with high throughput and a smart customized motion monitoring control algorithm. A performance evaluation was conducted with 60-insertions and fluorescein dye injection tests to show how accurately the system can guide the needle and lock to the target depth. The evaluation tests show our system can guide the injection needle into the desired depth with 4.12 um average deviation error while injecting 50 nl of fluorescein dye.
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44
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Rhee M, Light YK, Yilmaz S, Adams PD, Saxena D, Meagher RJ, Singh AK. Pressure stabilizer for reproducible picoinjection in droplet microfluidic systems. Lab Chip 2014; 14:4533-9. [PMID: 25270338 PMCID: PMC4213212 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Picoinjection is a promising technique to add reagents into pre-formed emulsion droplets on chip however, it is sensitive to pressure fluctuation, making stable operation of the picoinjector challenging. We present a chip architecture using a simple pressure stabilizer for consistent and highly reproducible picoinjection in multi-step biochemical assays with droplets. Incorporation of the stabilizer immediately upstream of a picoinjector or a combination of injectors greatly reduces pressure fluctuations enabling reproducible and effective picoinjection in systems where the pressure varies actively during operation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the pressure stabilizer for an integrated platform for on-demand encapsulation of bacterial cells followed by picoinjection of reagents for lysing the encapsulated cells. The pressure stabilizer was also used for picoinjection of multiple displacement amplification (MDA) reagents to achieve genomic DNA amplification of lysed bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoung Rhee
- Sandia National Laboratories, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Livermore, CA, USA.
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45
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Kertesz V, Weiskittel TM, Van Berkel GJ. An enhanced droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling system coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for spatially resolved analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2117-25. [PMID: 25377777 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for spatially resolved analysis provides the possibility of effective analysis of complex matrix samples and can provide a greater degree of chemical information from a single spot sample than is typically possible with a direct analysis of an extract. Described here is the setup and enhanced capabilities of a discrete droplet liquid microjunction surface sampling system employing a commercially available CTC PAL autosampler. The system enhancements include incorporation of a laser distance sensor enabling unattended analysis of samples and sample locations of dramatically disparate height as well as reliably dispensing just 0.5 μL of extraction solvent to make the liquid junction to the surface, wherein the extraction spot size was confined to an area about 0.7 mm in diameter; software modifications improving the spatial resolution of sampling spot selection from 1.0 to 0.1 mm; use of an open bed tray system to accommodate samples as large as whole-body rat thin tissue sections; and custom sample/solvent holders that shorten sampling time to approximately 1 min per sample. The merit of these new features was demonstrated by spatially resolved sampling, HPLC separation, and mass spectral detection of pharmaceuticals and metabolites from whole-body rat thin tissue sections and razor blade ("crude") cut mouse tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA,
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46
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Jang HJ, Hur E, Kim Y, Lee SH, Kang NG, Yoh JJ. Laser-induced microjet injection into preablated skin for more effective transdermal drug delivery. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:118002. [PMID: 25408959 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.11.118002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A breakthrough in the efficient transdermal delivery of drug via the laser-driven microjet is reported. A single source of laser beam is split into two: one beam ablates a targeted spot on a skin and another beam drives the injector for fast microjet ejection into a preablated spot. This combined ablation and microjet injection scheme using a beam splitter utilizes laser energy sharing between generation of the microhole via ablation and the microjet which is generated using the Er:YAG laser beam at a 2940-nm wavelength and pulse duration. A careful analysis of the injection mechanism is carried out by studying the response of the elastic membrane that separates a driving water unit for bubble expansion from a drug unit for a microjet ejection. The efficiency of the present delivery scheme is evaluated by the abdominal porcine skin test using the fluorescein isothiocyanate staining and the confocal microscopy for quantitative delivery confirmation. The depth of penetration and the injected volume of the drug are also confirmed by polyacrylamide gel tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Jae Jang
- Seoul National University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Hur
- LG Household & Health Care R&D Center, 84 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkwan Kim
- LG Household & Health Care R&D Center, 84 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Hoon Lee
- LG Household & Health Care R&D Center, 84 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae G Kang
- LG Household & Health Care R&D Center, 84 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jack J Yoh
- Seoul National University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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47
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Wei Z, Zheng S, Wang R, Bu X, Ma H, Wu Y, Zhu L, Hu Z, Liang Z, Li Z. A flexible microneedle array as low-voltage electroporation electrodes for in vivo DNA and siRNA delivery. Lab Chip 2014; 14:4093-4102. [PMID: 25182174 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00800f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In vivo electroporation is an appealing method to deliver nucleic acid into living tissues, but the clinical application of such a method was limited due to severe tissue damage and poor coverage of the tissue surface. Here we present the validation of a novel flexible microneedle array electrode (MNAE) chip, in which the microneedle array and the flexible substrate are integrated together to simultaneously facilitate low-voltage electroporation and accomplish good coverage of the tissue surface. The efficient delivery of both DNA and siRNA was demonstrated on mice. Upon penetrating the high-resistance stratum corneum, the electroporation voltage was reduced to about 35 V, which was generally recognized safe for humans. Also, a pathological analysis of the microneedle-electroporated tissues was carried out to thoroughly assess the skin damage, which is an important consideration in pre-clinical studies of electroporation devices. This MNAE constitutes a novel way of in vivo delivery of siRNA and DNA to certain tissues or organs with satisfactory efficiency and good adaptation to the tissue surface profile as well as minimum tissue damage, thus avoiding the disadvantages of existing electroporation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
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48
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Hwang H, Krajniak J, Matsunaga Y, Benian GM, Lu H. On-demand optical immobilization of Caenorhabditis elegans for high-resolution imaging and microinjection. Lab Chip 2014; 14:3498-501. [PMID: 25056343 PMCID: PMC4148454 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00697f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel selective immobilization technique based on optical control of the sol-gel transition of thermoreversible Pluronic gel, which provides a simple, versatile, and biocompatible approach for high-resolution imaging and microinjection of Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyundoo Hwang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA.
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50
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Liu J, Siragam V, Gong Z, Chen J, Fridman MD, Leung C, Lu Z, Ru C, Xie S, Luo J, Hamilton RM, Sun Y. Robotic adherent cell injection for characterizing cell-cell communication. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 62:119-25. [PMID: 25073160 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2342036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Compared to robotic injection of suspended cells (e.g., embryos and oocytes), fewer attempts were made to automate the injection of adherent cells (e.g., cancer cells and cardiomyocytes) due to their smaller size, highly irregular morphology, small thickness (a few micrometers thick), and large variations in thickness across cells. This paper presents a robotic system for automated microinjection of adherent cells. The system is embedded with several new capabilities: automatically locating micropipette tips; robustly detecting the contact of micropipette tip with cell culturing surface and directly with cell membrane; and precisely compensating for accumulative positioning errors. These new capabilities make it practical to perform adherent cell microinjection truly via computer mouse clicking in front of a computer monitor, on hundreds and thousands of cells per experiment (versus a few to tens of cells as state of the art). System operation speed, success rate, and cell viability rate were quantitatively evaluated based on robotic microinjection of over 4000 cells. This paper also reports the use of the new robotic system to perform cell-cell communication studies using large sample sizes. The gap junction function in a cardiac muscle cell line (HL-1 cells), for the first time, was quantified with the system.
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