1
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Kang CY, Chang Y, Zieske K. Lipid Membrane Topographies Are Regulators for the Spatial Distribution of Liquid Protein Condensates. Nano Lett 2024; 24:4330-4335. [PMID: 38579181 PMCID: PMC11036382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Liquid protein condensates play important roles in orchestrating subcellular organization and as biochemical reaction hubs. Recent studies have linked lipid membranes to proteins capable of forming liquid condensates, and shown that biophysical parameters, like protein enrichment and restricted diffusion at membranes, regulate condensate formation and size. However, the impact of membrane topography on liquid condensates remains poorly understood. Here, we devised a cell-free system to reconstitute liquid condensates on lipid membranes with microstructured topographies and demonstrated that lipid membrane topography is a significant biophysical regulator. Using membrane surfaces designed with microwells, we observed ordered condensate patterns. Furthermore, we demonstrate that membrane topographies influence the shape of liquid condensates. Finally, we show that capillary forces, mediated by membrane topographies, lead to the directed fusion of liquid condensates. Our results demonstrate that membrane topography is a potent biophysical regulator for the localization and shape of mesoscale liquid protein condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Yeon Kang
- Biophysics, Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yoohyun Chang
- Biophysics, Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Zieske
- Biophysics, Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Lv R, Luo C, Liu B, Hu K, Wang K, Zheng L, Guo Y, Du J, Li L, Wu F, Chen R. Unveiling Confinement Engineering for Achieving High-Performance Rechargeable Batteries. Adv Mater 2024:e2400508. [PMID: 38452342 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The confinement effect, restricting materials within nano/sub-nano spaces, has emerged as an innovative approach for fundamental research in diverse application fields, including chemical engineering, membrane separation, and catalysis. This confinement principle recently presents fresh perspectives on addressing critical challenges in rechargeable batteries. Within spatial confinement, novel microstructures and physiochemical properties have been raised to promote the battery performance. Nevertheless, few clear definitions and specific reviews are available to offer a comprehensive understanding and guide for utilizing the confinement effect in batteries. This review aims to fill this gap by primarily summarizing the categorization of confinement effects across various scales and dimensions within battery systems. Subsequently, the strategic design of confinement environments is proposed to address existing challenges in rechargeable batteries. These solutions involve the manipulation of the physicochemical properties of electrolytes, the regulation of electrochemical activity, and stability of electrodes, and insights into ion transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, specific perspectives are provided to deepen the foundational understanding of the confinement effect for achieving high-performance rechargeable batteries. Overall, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of confinement effects in tailoring the microstructure and physiochemical properties of electrode materials, highlighting their crucial role in designing novel energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Bingran Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kaikai Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Longhong Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiahao Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
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3
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Qi Q, Wang J, Gao M, Ke H, Zhao W, Zhang K, Li S, He C, Kuvondikov V, Ye L. A Dual-Polythiophene Blending Strategy to Reduce the Efficiency-Stability-Cost Gap of Solar Cells. Small 2024; 20:e2307993. [PMID: 37946405 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the photovoltaic material innovation and delicate device optimization, high-efficiency solar cells employing polymeric materials are thriving. Reducing the gap of cost, efficiency, and stability is the critical challenge faced by the emerging solar cells such as organics, quantum dots and perovskites. Poly(3-alkylthiophene) demonstrates great potential in organic solar cells and quantum dot solar cells as the active layer or the hole transport layer due to its large scalability, excellent photoelectric performance, and favorable hydrophobicity. The present low efficiency and insufficient stability, restrict its commercial application. In this work, a facile strategy of blending two simple polythiophenes is put forward to manipulate the film microstructure and enhance the device efficiency and thermal stability of solar cells. The introduction of P3PT can improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a benchmark cost-effective blend P3HT:O-IDTBR to 7.41%, and the developed ternary solar cells also exhibit increased thermal stability. More strikingly, the quantum dot solar cells with the dual-polythiophene hole transport layer achieve the highest PCE of 10.51%, which is among the topmost efficiencies for quantum dots/polythiophene solar cells. Together, this work provides an effective route to simultaneously optimize the device efficiency and thermal stability of solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Qi
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huizhen Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Sunsun Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chunyong He
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Vakhobjon Kuvondikov
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 33, Durmon yuli, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, 441000, China
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Araújo-Cordero AM, Caddeo F, Mahmoudi B, Bron M, Wouter Maijenburg A. Direct Electrochemical Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Cu 3 (BTC) 2 and Cu(TCPP) on Copper Thin films and Copper-Based Microstructures. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300378. [PMID: 37997644 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cu thin films and Cu2 O microstructures were partially converted to the Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Cu3 (BTC)2 or Cu(TCPP) using an electrochemical process with a higher control and at milder conditions compared to the traditional solvothermal MOF synthesis. Initially, either a Cu thin film was sputtered, or different kinds of Cu or Cu2 O microstructures were electrochemically deposited onto a conductive ITO glass substrate. Then, these Cu thin films or Cu-based microstructures were subsequently coated with a thin layer of either Cu3 (BTC)2 or Cu(TCPP) by controlled anodic dissolution of the Cu-based substrate at room temperature and in the presence of the desired organic linker molecules: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) or photoactive 4,4',4'',4'''-(Porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetrakis(benzoic acid) (TCPP) in the electrolyte. An increase in size of the Cu micro cubes with exposed planes [100] of 38,7 % for the Cu2 O@Cu3 (BTC)2 and a 68,9 % increase for the Cu2 O@Cu(TCPP) was roughly estimated. Finally, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the initial Cu films or Cu-based microstructures, and the obtained core-shell Cu2 O@Cu(BTC) and Cu2 O@Cu(TCPP) microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Araújo-Cordero
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Francesco Caddeo
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institute for Nanostructures and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Bld. 600, Room 2.59, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Behzad Mahmoudi
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Bron
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - A Wouter Maijenburg
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
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5
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Sari I, Ahmadein M, Ataya S, Hachani L, Zaidat K, Alrasheedi N, Wu M, Kharicha A. Prediction of the Secondary Arms Spacing Based on Dendrite Tip Kinetics and Cooling Rate. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:865. [PMID: 38399116 PMCID: PMC10890073 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) is one of the most important factors affecting macrosegregation and mechanical properties in solidification processes. Predicting SDAS is one of the major parameters in foundry technology. In order to predict the evolution of microstructures during the solidification process, we proposed a simple model which predicted the secondary dendrite arm spacing based solely on the tip velocity (related to the tip supersaturation) and cooling rate. The model consisted of a growing cylinder inside a liquid cylindrical envelope. Two important hypotheses were made: (1) Initially the cylinder radius was assumed to equal the dendrite tip radius and (2) the cylindrical envelope had a fixed radius in the order of the dendrite tip diffusion length. The numerical model was tested against experiments using various Pb-Sn alloys for a fixed temperature gradient. The results were found to be in excellent agreement with experimental measurements in terms of SDAS and dendrite tip velocity prediction. This simple model is naturally destined to be implemented as a sub-grid model in volume-averaging models to predict the local microstructure, which in turn directly controls the mushy zone permeability and macrosegregation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sari
- Metallurgy Department, Montanuniversitaet of Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Ahmadein
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Sabbah Ataya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lakhdar Hachani
- Laboratoire Physique des Matériaux, Université Amar Telidji-Laghouat, Route de Ghardaia, Laghouat BP 37G, Algeria
| | - Kader Zaidat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble-INP, CNRS, SIMaP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nashmi Alrasheedi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Menghuai Wu
- Metallurgy Department, Montanuniversitaet of Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Abdellah Kharicha
- Metallurgy Department, Montanuniversitaet of Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
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6
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Shu Z, Liu Y. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Novel Al-Mg-Sc-Ti Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:686. [PMID: 38591563 PMCID: PMC10856290 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
(TiH2 + ScH3)/Al-Mg composite powders with different Ti contents were produced by ball milling. These composite powders were fabricated to cube and cuboid shape samples via a laser powder bed fusion process with optimal processing parameters. The TiH2 and ScH3 particles underwent dehydrogenation during the laser powder bed fusion process, and these composite powders ultimately formed Al-Mg-Sc-Ti alloys. The relative density, printability, microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of these alloy samples were investigated. The results show that these Al-Mg-Sc-Ti alloys have lower hot-crack sensitivity, having fine equiaxed grains. An Al18Mg3(Ti,Sc)2 intermetallic phase and in situ L12-Al3(Sc,Ti) precipitations formed during the laser powder bed fusion process, which is beneficial for nucleation and dispersion strengthening. The ultimate tensile strength of the Al-Mg-0.7Sc-1.0Ti alloy was 313.6 MPa with an elongation of 6.6%. During the hot isostatic pressing treatment, most of the Mg element precipitated from the matrix and changed the Al3(Sc,Ti) into a Al18Mg3(Ti,Sc)2 precipitate completely. The Al-Mg-Sc-Ti alloys were nearly fully dense after the hot isostatic pressing treatment and exhibited better mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength of the Al-Mg-0.7Sc-1.0Ti was 475 MPa with an elongation of 8.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunzhong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming for Metallic Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
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7
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Chen Y, Han X, Chen DL, Ren YP, Yang SY, Huang YX, Yang J, Zhang L. Dry Ball-Milled Quinoa Starch as a Pickering Emulsifier: Preparation, Microstructures, Hydrophobic Properties and Emulsifying Properties. Foods 2024; 13:431. [PMID: 38338566 PMCID: PMC10855821 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This research supplied a "cleaner-production" way to produce "clean-label" quinoa starch-based Pickering emulsifier with excellent emulsifying properties. The effects of dry ball-milling time and speed on the multi-scale structures and emulsifying properties of quinoa starch were studied. With increasing ball-milling time and speed, particle size first decreased and then increased, the crystallinity, lamellar structure and short-range ordered structure gradually decreased, and contact angle gradually increased. The increased contact angle might be related to the increased oil absorption properties and the decreased water content. The emulsification properties of ball-milled quinoa starch (BMQS)-based Pickering emulsions increased with the increase in ball-milling time and speed, and the emulsions of BMQS-4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 600 r reached the full emulsification state. After 120 days' storage, the oil droplets of BMQS-2 h (BMQS-400 r) deformed, the oil droplets increased, and the emulsification index decreased. The emulsification index and the oil droplets of BMQS-4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 600 r-based emulsions did not show obvious changes after storage, indicating the good emulsifying stability of these BMQS-based emulsions, which might be because that the relatively larger amount of starch particles that dispersed in the voids among the oil droplets could act as stronger network skeletons for the emulsion gel. This Pickering emulsifier was easily and highly efficiently produced and low-cost, having great potential to be used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou 225127, China; (Y.C.); (X.H.); (D.-L.C.); (Y.-P.R.); (S.-Y.Y.); (Y.-X.H.); (J.Y.)
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8
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Zhang S, Lin YC, Wang LH, Ding HB, Qiu YL. Effects of Aging Treatment on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a TC18 Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:570. [PMID: 38591372 PMCID: PMC10856402 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, the effects of aging treatment on the microstructures of a TC18 alloy are studied. The influence of aging treatment on the tensile properties and failure mechanisms is systematically analyzed. It is found that the size and morphology of the primary α (αp) phases are insensitive to aging temperature and time. Furthermore, the aging temperature and time dramatically influence the precipitation of the secondary α (αs) phases. Massive αs phases precipitate and gradually coarsen, and finally weave together by increasing the aging temperature or extending the aging time. The variations in αp and αs phases induced by aging parameters also affect the mechanical properties. Both yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) first increase and then decrease by increasing the aging temperature and time, while ductility first decreases and then increases. There is an excellent balance between the strengths and ductility. When the aging temperature is changed from 450 to 550 °C, YS varies from 1238.6 to 1381.6 MPa, UTS varies from 1363.2 to 1516.8 MPa, and the moderate elongation ranges from 9.0% to 10.3%. These results reveal that the thickness of αs phases is responsible for material strengths, while the content of α phases can enhance material ductility. The ductile characteristics of the alloy with coarser αs phases are more obvious than those with thinner αs phases. Therefore, the aging treatment is helpful for the precipitation and homogeneous distribution of αs phases, which are essential for balancing the strengths and ductility of the studied Ti alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Light Alloy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Lin
- Light Alloy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Light Alloy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hong-Bo Ding
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- China Nonferrous Metals Processing Technology Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471039, China
| | - Yu-Liang Qiu
- Rongcheng Huadong Metal-Forming Machinery Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China
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Verma V, Singh S, Pal K. Comprehensive Study on the Age-Strengthened Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca/ZnO Composites for Fracture Fixation: Microstructure, Mechanical, and In Vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:203-219. [PMID: 38176074 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The present work investigates the use of age-strengthened Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca/xZnO as resorbable materials in temporary orthopedic implants. Quaternary Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloy, reinforced with zinc oxide particles, was stir-cast, followed by solution treatment and a range of aging treatments. Optical and electron microscopy, mechanical, electrochemical, immersion, and dynamic mechanical testing, with biocompatibility assessment were carried out. The observed 2θ shift in the (101) peaks of ZMX611/ZnO-ST and ZMX611/ZnO-H indicated lattice shrinkage. The formation of Mg7Zn3 and Ca2Mg6Zn3 in the grain boundary compositions was observed. ZMX611/ZnO-ST had a smaller β-phase fraction, indicating a finer microstructure. ZMX611/ZnO-H had the highest tensile yield strength (102.97 ± 3.92 MPa), and ZMX611/ZnO-ST showed the highest ultimate tensile strength (127.21 ± 7.48 MPa), indicating precipitation hardening of Zn enrichment. The uniformly dispersed secondary phases played a dual role in corrosion behavior. ZMX611/ZnO-ST showed a better cytocompatibility response among all samples. Composite materials exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility and mechanical compatibility as indicated by in silico results of deviatoric strain-based mechanical stimuli at the fracture interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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10
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Zhu B, Sun H, Zhu Y, He S, Han X. Self-Healing Properties of Water Tree Damage in Multilayered Shell-Core-Structured Microcapsules/Cross-Linked Polyethylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:155. [PMID: 38201820 PMCID: PMC10780340 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of the structure of microcapsules on the properties of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) composites, three XLPE specimens filled with multilayered shell-core-structured microcapsules are designed. In this paper, the microcapsules are first analyzed morphologically and chemically. In addition, the effect of the microcapsule structure on the typical electrical properties of the composites is explored. Finally, the self-healing ability of XLPE specimens filled with microcapsules is verified. The results show that the SiO2 on the surface of the trilayer shell-core microcapsules can make the microcapsules and the XLPE matrix have a better mechanical interlocking ability, which makes the typical properties of the trilayer shell-core microcapsules slightly better than those of the bilayer shell-core microcapsules. Moreover, when the bilayer shell-core or trilayer shell-core microcapsules rupture under the action of an electric field, the repair material reacts with the water tree under capillary action to consume the residual water while generating organic matter to fill in the cavity, thus repairing the damaged area of the water tree and ultimately achieving the self-healing of the composite water tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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11
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Kavand H, Visa M, Köhler M, van der Wijngaart W, Berggren PO, Herland A. 3D-Printed Biohybrid Microstructures Enable Transplantation and Vascularization of Microtissues in the Anterior Chamber of the Eye. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2306686. [PMID: 37815325 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybridizing biological cells with man-made sensors enable the detection of a wide range of weak physiological responses with high specificity. The anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) is an ideal transplantation site due to its ocular immune privilege and optical transparency, which enable superior noninvasive longitudinal analyses of cells and microtissues. Engraftment of biohybrid microstructures in the ACE may, however, be affected by the pupillary response and dynamics. Here, sutureless transplantation of biohybrid microstructures, 3D printed in IP-Visio photoresin, containing a precisely localized pancreatic islet to the ACE of mice is presented. The biohybrid microstructures allow mechanical fixation in the ACE, independent of iris dynamics. After transplantation, islets in the microstructures successfully sustain their functionality for over 20 weeks and become vascularized despite physical separation from the vessel source (iris) and immersion in a low-viscous liquid (aqueous humor) with continuous circulation and clearance. This approach opens new perspectives in biohybrid microtissue transplantation in the ACE, advancing monitoring of microtissue-host interactions, disease modeling, treatment outcomes, and vascularization in engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Kavand
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Stockholm, SE-17165, Sweden
| | - Montse Visa
- The Rolf Luft Research center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Martin Köhler
- The Rolf Luft Research center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Stockholm, SE-17165, Sweden
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9/B8, Stockholm, SE-17165, Sweden
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12
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Xiao Y, Hu S, Miao Y, Gong F, Chen J, Wu M, Liu W, Chen S. Recent Progress in Hot Spot Regulated Strategies for Catalysts Applied in Li-CO 2 Batteries. Small 2024; 20:e2305009. [PMID: 37641184 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
As a high energy density power system, lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO2 ) batteries play an important role in addressing the fossil fuel crisis issues and alleviating the greenhouse effect. However, the sluggish transformation kinetic of CO2 and the difficult decomposition of discharge products impede the achievement of large capacity, small overpotential, and long life span of the batteries, which require exploring efficient catalysts to resolve these problems. In this review, the main focus is on the hot spot regulation strategies of the catalysts, which include the modulation of the active sites, the designing of microstructure, and the construction of composition. The recent progress of promising catalysis with hot spot regulated strategies is systematically addressed. Critical challenges are also presented and perspectives to provide useful guidance for the rational design of highly efficient catalysts for practical advanced Li-CO2 batteries are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yue Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fenglian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Mingxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shimou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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13
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Daoulas KC, Markina AA. Effect of Materials Parameters on the Shape of Face-On Lamellae in Semi-Conducting Polymers: Insights From Qualitative Theory. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300437. [PMID: 37811808 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer semiconductors frequently form crystals or mesophases with lamellae, that comprise alternating layers of stacked backbones and side chains. Controlling lamellar orientation in films is essential for obtaining efficient charge carrier transport. Herein, lamellar orientation is investigated in an application-relevant setup: lamellae assembled on a substrate that strongly favors face-on orientation, but exposed to a film surface that promotes orientation along an "easy" direction, other than face on. It is assumed that the face-on order propagates from the substrate, but the lamellae bend to reduce their surface energy. A qualitative free-energy model is developed. The deformation is investigated as a function of film thickness, effective Young modulus, anchoring coefficient, and easy direction at the free surface. The calculations highlight the importance of elastic constants - lamellae can substantially deform already when Young moduli are only an order of magnitude smaller than the values that are reported for crystals. Softer Young moduli are expected when lamellar assembly occurs in a non-solidified mesophase that can be an equilibrium or (more speculatively) a transient state prior to crystallization. The alternative scenario of a two-layered film is also evaluated, where edge-on and face-on grains form, respectively, at the free surface and substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Ch Daoulas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anastasia A Markina
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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14
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Chen Q, Ge N, Jiang J, Huang M, Li M, Wang Y, Dong J, Ding C, Zou D. Effect of Local Pressurization on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy Flywheel Housing with Complex Shape. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:106. [PMID: 38203960 PMCID: PMC10779525 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, squeeze casting experiments of flywheel housing components with a large wall thickness difference and a complex shape were carried out with AlSi9Mg aluminum alloy. The defects, microstructures, and mechanical properties under different process parameters were investigated. Furthermore, the local pressurization process was applied to the thick-walled positions to force-feed the cast defects. The mechanical properties and microstructures at these positions were analyzed. The results showed that the surface quality of formed components was good and that local pressurization could effectively reduce the shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity in thick walls, but the scope and effect of forced feeding were limited. The optimum process parameters were a pouring temperature of 650 °C, a specific pressure of 48 MPa, a mold temperature of 220 °C, a local pressurization of 800 MPa, and pressure delay times of 15 s (side A) and 17 s (side B). The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the formed component under validation experiments of the optimum process parameters were 201 MPa, 103 MPa, and 5.1%. Meanwhile, the fine grains of primary α-Al were mainly rosette and equiaxed grains, and the average grain size was about 40 μm. The microstructure of the eutectic silicon was acicular and was prone to segregation under pressure. According to profile morphology, the positions after pressurization were divided into a deformation zone, a direct action zone, and an indirect action zone. The coexistence of as-cast and plastic deformation microstructures was observed. The effect of local pressurization mainly involved a change in the solidification process, plastic deformation, and forced feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China;
| | - Ning Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (N.G.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Jufu Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (N.G.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Minjie Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (N.G.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Mingxing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (N.G.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jian Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (N.G.); (M.H.); (M.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Changjie Ding
- Dalian Innovation Die-Casting Co., Ltd., Dalian 116600, China; (C.D.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dechao Zou
- Dalian Innovation Die-Casting Co., Ltd., Dalian 116600, China; (C.D.); (D.Z.)
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15
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Long J, Liu S, Li N, Yuan G, Liu Y, Huang Q, Li J, Zhang H, Wang M. Smart Surfaces with pH-Responsiveness Enhanced by Multiscale Hierarchical Structures Fabricated by Laser Direct Writing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:56490-56499. [PMID: 37976307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In contemporary applications, smart surfaces capable of altering their properties in response to external stimuli have garnered significant attention. Nonetheless, the efficient creation of smart surfaces exhibiting robust and rapid responsiveness and meticulous controllability on a large scale remains a challenge. This paper introduces an innovative approach to fabricate smart surfaces with strong pH-responsiveness, combining femtosecond laser direct writing (LDW) processing technology with stimulus-responsive polymer grafting. The proposed model involves the grafting of poly(2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) onto rough and patterned Au/polystyrene (PS) bilayer surfaces through Au-SH bonding. The incorporation of LDW processing technology extends the choice of microstructures and roughness achievable on material surfaces, while PDEAEMA imparts pH responsiveness. Our findings revealed that the difference in contact angle between acidic and basic droplets on the rough PDEAEMA-g-Au surface (∼118°) greatly surpasses that on the flat PDEAEMA-g-Au surface (∼72°). Next, by leveraging the precision control over surface microstructures enabled by the LDW processing technique, this difference was further augmented to ∼127° on the optimized patterned PDEAEMA-g-Au surface. Further, we created two distinct combined smart surfaces with varying wettability profiles on which the hydrophilic-hydrophobic boundaries exhibit reliable asymmetric wettability for acidic and basic droplets. Additionally, we prepared a separator, realizing a better visual distinction between acid and base and collecting them separately. Given the effective abilities found in this study, we postulate that our smart surfaces hold substantial potential across diverse applications, encompassing microfluidic devices, intelligent sensors, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhao Long
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkai Liu
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Li
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangli Yuan
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyi Huang
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
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16
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Xu Z, Liu H, Wu F, Cheng L, Yu J, Liu YT, Ding B. Inhibited Grain Growth Through Phase Transition Modulation Enables Excellent Mechanical Properties in Oxide Ceramic Nanofibers up to 1700 °C. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2305336. [PMID: 37611152 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxide ceramics are widely used as thermal protection materials due to their excellent structural properties and earth abundance. However, in extremely high-temperature environments (above 1500 °C), the explosive growth of grain size causes irreversible damage to the microstructure of oxide ceramics, thus exhibiting poor thermomechanical stability. This problem, which may lead to catastrophic accidents, remains a great challenge for oxide ceramic materials. Here, a novel strategy of phase transition modulation is proposed to control the grain growth at high temperatures in oxide ceramic nanofibers, realizing effective regulation of the crystalline forms as well as the size uniformity of primary grains, and thus suppressing the malignant growth of the grains. The resulting oxide ceramic nanofibers have excellent mechanical strength and flexibility, delivering an average tensile strength as high as 1.02 GPa after being exposed to 1700 °C for 30 min, and can withstand thousands of flexural cycles without obvious damage. This work may provide new insight into the development of advanced oxide ceramic materials that can serve in extremely high-temperature environments with long-term durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Longdi Cheng
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yi-Tao Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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17
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Mróz S, Jagielska-Wiaderek K, Stefanik A, Szota P, Wachowski M, Kosturek R, Lipińska M. Effect of the Rolling Process on the Properties of the Mg/Al Bimetallic Bars Obtained by the Explosive Welding Method. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6971. [PMID: 37959568 PMCID: PMC10648546 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of the rolling process on the microstructure and corrosion properties of the Mg/Al bimetallic bars obtained by the explosive welding method. The bars investigated were rolled using two different types of rolling: classical rolling (Variant I) and modified rolling (Variant II). Two different temperatures (300 °C and 400 °C) for each of the variables were applied as well. In this study, rods with an aluminum plating layer constituting 16.8% of the cross-sectional area and an average thickness of about 0.93 mm were investigated. Based on the revealed results, it was found that after the rolling process, the material shows clearly lower values of both icor and current in the passive range. In the joint zone of Mg/Al rods rolled at 400 °C, Al3Mg2 and Mg17Al12 intermetallic phases are distinguished, localized next to the Mg core, and characterized by columnar, coarser grains. In the transition zone closer to the Al layer, only the Al3Mg2 phase is revealed, characterized by a refined, small grain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mróz
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland; (K.J.-W.); (A.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Karina Jagielska-Wiaderek
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland; (K.J.-W.); (A.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Andrzej Stefanik
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland; (K.J.-W.); (A.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Piotr Szota
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland; (K.J.-W.); (A.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Marcin Wachowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (R.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Robert Kosturek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (R.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Marta Lipińska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (R.K.); (M.L.)
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18
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Park SH, Park GR, Baek KR. Edge Bleeding Artifact Reduction for Shape from Focus in Microscopic 3D Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8602. [PMID: 37896695 PMCID: PMC10611386 DOI: 10.3390/s23208602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Shape from focus enables microscopic 3D sensing by combining it with a microscope system. However, edge bleeding artifacts of estimated depth easily occur in this environment. Therefore, this study analyzed artifacts and proposed a method to reduce edge bleeding artifacts. As a result of the analysis, the artifact factors are the depth of field of the lens, object texture, brightness difference between layers, and the slope of the object. Additionally, to reduce artifacts, a weighted focus measure value method was proposed based on the asymmetry of local brightness in artifacts. The proposed reduction method was evaluated through simulation and implementation. Edge bleeding artifact reduction rates of up to 60% were shown in various focus measure operators. The proposed method can be used with postprocessing algorithms and reduces edge bleeding artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Park
- School of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Rin Park
- School of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ryul Baek
- School of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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19
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Abbas A, Kung HP, Lin HC. Effects of Electrical Parameters on Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings on Pure Titanium. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1950. [PMID: 37893387 PMCID: PMC10609235 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The micro-arc oxidation process was used to apply a ceramic oxide coating on a pure titanium substrate using calcium acetate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate as an electrolyte. The influence of the current frequency and duty ratio on the surface morphology, phase composition, wear behavior, and corrosion resistance were analyzed by employing a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, ball-on-disk apparatus, and potentiodynamic polarization, respectively. Analyses of the surface and cross-sectional morphologies revealed that the MAO films prepared via a low current frequency (100 Hz) and a high duty ratio (60%) had a lower porosity and were more compact. The medium (500 Hz) and high (1000 Hz) frequencies at the higher duty ratios presented with better wear resistance. The highest film thickness (11.25 µm) was achieved at 100 Hz and a 20% duty ratio. A negligible current density was observed when the frequency was fixed at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz and the duty cycle was 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hsin-Chih Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (A.A.)
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20
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Naik D, Balakrishnan G, Rajagopalan M, Huang X, Trivedi N, Bhat A, Bettinger CJ. Villi Inspired Mechanical Interlocking for Intestinal Retentive Devices. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2301084. [PMID: 37449425 PMCID: PMC10602537 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal retentive devices have applications ranging from sustained oral drug delivery systems to indwelling ingestible medical devices. Current strategies to retain devices in the small intestine primarily focus on chemical anchoring using mucoadhesives or mechanical coupling using expandable devices or structures that pierce the intestinal epithelium. Here, the feasibility of intestinal retention using devices containing villi-inspired structures that mechanically interlock with natural villi of the small intestine is evaluated. First the viability of mechanical interlocking as an intestinal retention strategy is estimated by estimating the resistance to peristaltic shear between simulated natural villi and devices with various micropost geometries and parameters. Simulations are validated in vitro by fabricating micropost array patches via multistep replica molding and performing lap-shear tests to evaluate the interlocking performance of the fabricated microposts with artificial villi. Finally, the optimal material and design parameters of the patches that can successfully achieve retention in vivo are predicted. This study represents a proof-of-concept for the viability of micropost-villi mechanical interlocking strategy to develop nonpenetrative multifunctional intestinal retentive devices for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durva Naik
- Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall, 3325PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Gaurav Balakrishnan
- Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall, 3325PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Mahathy Rajagopalan
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, 4N201PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Xiaozili Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall, 3325PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Nihar Trivedi
- Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall, 3325PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Arnav Bhat
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, 4N201PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Christopher J. Bettinger
- Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall, 3325PittsburghPA15213USA
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, 4N201PittsburghPA15213USA
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21
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Cui X, Zhang H, Duan J, Dong J, Xi J, Shao S, Fei Z, Li Z. The Effect of the Alkyl Chains of the Alkylammonium Pesudohalide Additives on the Performance of Dion Jacobson Perovskite Solar Cells. Small 2023; 19:e2302450. [PMID: 37312671 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dion-Jacobson perovskite (DJP) films suffer from the high structural disorder and non-compact morphology, leading to inefficient and unstable solar cells (SCs). Here, how the alkyl chains of alkylammonium pseudohalide additives including methylammonium thiocyanate (MASCN) and ethylammonium thiocyanate (EASCN), and propylammonium thiocyanate (PASCN), impact the microstructures, optoelectronic properties and the performance of the solar cells is investigated. These additives substantially improve the structural order and the morphology of the DJP films, yielding more efficient and stable solar cells than the control device. They behave quite differently in modifying the morphological features. Particularly, EASCN outstands the additives in terms of the superior morphology, which is compact and uniform and consists of the largest flaky grains. Consequently, the corresponding device delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.27% and maintains ≈86% of the initial PCE after aging in the air for 182 h. Conversely, MASCN as an additive produces uneven DJP film and the device maintains only 46% of the initial PCE. PASCN as an additive produces the finest grains in the DJP film, and the corresponding device yields a PCE of 11.95%. From the economical point of view, it costs 0.0025 yuan per device for the EASCN additive, allowing for cost-effective perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Cui
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jianing Duan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingjin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Jun Xi
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuyan Shao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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22
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Zha S, Wang Z, Li X, Chen Z, Wang J, Li H, Cai W, Tian L. Microstructural Adaptation for Prey Manipulation in the Millipede Assassin Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodiinae). Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1299. [PMID: 37887009 PMCID: PMC10604205 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Species in Ectrichodiinae are known for their prey specialization on millipedes. However, knowledge of the morphological adaptations to this unique feeding habit was limited. In the current study, we examined the microstructures of the antennae, mouthparts, and legs of four millipede feeding ectrichodiines, Ectrychotes andreae (Thunberg, 1888), Haematoloecha limbata Miller, 1953, Labidocoris pectoralis (Stål, 1863), and Neozirta eidmanni (Taueber, 1930), and compared them with those of three species of tribelocephalines, a group closely related to Ectrichodiinae. On the antennae, we found four types of antennal sensilla. On the mouthparts, we recognized four types of labial sensilla. Sampled ectrichodiines have distinctly more and denser slightly transverse ridges on the external side of mandibles than tribelocephalines. E. andreae and H. limbata possess numerous small papillae fringed with densely arranged finger-print-like grains on the trochanter and femur; these probably facilitate the immobilization of prey. Overall, our study illustrates, at a microstructural level, the remarkable morphological adaption of prey manipulation in ectrichodiine, and has enhanced our understanding about stenophagy in the family Reduviidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zha
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Jianyun Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.L.); (Z.C.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
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23
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Schell F, Chukwudi Okafor R, Steege T, Alamri S, Ghevariya S, Zwahr C, Lasagni AF. Increasing Heat Transfer from Metal Surfaces through Laser-Interference-Induced Microscopic Heat Sinks. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1730. [PMID: 37763893 PMCID: PMC10536493 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing processing power of micro-electronic components and increasing spatial limitations, ensuring sufficient heat dissipation has become a crucial task. This work presents a microscopic approach to increasing the surface area through periodic surface structures. Microstructures with a periodic distance of 8.5 µm are fabricated via Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) on stainless steel plates with a nanosecond-pulsed infrared laser and are characterized by their developed interfacial area ratio. The optimal structuring parameters for increasing the surface area were investigated, reaching peak-to-valley depths up to 12.8 µm and increasing surface area by up to 394%. Heat dissipation in a natural convection environment was estimated by measuring the output voltage of a Peltier element mounted between a hot plate and a textured sample. The resulting increase in output voltage compared to an unstructured sample was correlated to the structure depth and developed interfacial area ratio, finding a maximum increase of 51.4%. Moreover, it was shown that the output voltage correlated well with the structure depth and surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Schell
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Chukwudi Okafor
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Steege
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabri Alamri
- Fusion Bionic GmbH, Löbtauer Str. 69, 01159 Dresden, Germany
| | - Savan Ghevariya
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Zwahr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrés F Lasagni
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Georg-Bähr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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24
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Hinterstein M, Lemos da Silva L, Knapp M, Schoekel A, Etter M, Studer A. In situ neutron diffraction for analysing complex coarse-grained functional materials. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1242-1251. [PMID: 37555212 PMCID: PMC10405584 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723005940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex functional materials play a crucial role in a broad range of energy-related applications and in general for materials science. Revealing the structural mechanisms is challenging due to highly correlated coexisting phases and microstructures, especially for in situ or operando investigations. Since the grain sizes influence the properties, these microstructural features further complicate investigations at synchrotrons due to the limitations of illuminated sample volumes. In this study, it is demonstrated that such complex functional materials with highly correlated coexisting phases can be investigated under in situ conditions with neutron diffraction. For large grain sizes, these experiments are valuable methods to reveal the structural mechanisms. For an example of in situ experiments on barium titanate with an applied electric field, details of the electric-field-induced phase transformation depending on grain size and frequency are revealed. The results uncover the strain mechanisms in barium titanate and elucidate the complex interplay of stresses in relation to grain sizes as well as domain-wall densities and mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hinterstein
- Fraunhofer IWM, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lucas Lemos da Silva
- Fraunhofer IWM, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Studer
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Xu F, Gao M, Wang HX, Wu XL, Liu H, Ma C, Yao QT, Zhao HY. Effect of Discharge Voltage on the Microstructure of Graphene/PEKK Composite Samples by Electromagnetic Powder Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3256. [PMID: 37571150 PMCID: PMC10421528 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The light weight, electrical conductivity, environmental friendliness, and high mechanical properties of graphene/PEKK composites make them popular in biomedical, electronic component and aerospace fields. However, the compaction density and carbonization of the specimen influence the microstructure and conductivity of the graphene/PEKK composite prepared by in situ polymerization, so electromagnetic-assisted molding was used to manufacture products to avoid carbonization and enhance the compaction density. The effects of different discharge voltages on the microstructure of the formed graphene/PEKK specimens were compared. Increasing the discharge voltage will lead to a closer distribution of flake graphene in the matrix to improve the compaction density, mechanical performance and conductivity. At the same time, the numerical analysis model was validated by comparison with the compaction density of the experimental results. Based on this research, the stress/strain distribution on the specimen was obtained with increasing discharge voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.G.); (H.-X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (H.L.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, No. 189 Qianshan Centre Road, Anshan 114051, China; (C.M.); (Q.-T.Y.)
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.G.); (H.-X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Hui-Xiong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.G.); (H.-X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Xue-Lian Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.G.); (H.-X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.G.); (H.-X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, No. 189 Qianshan Centre Road, Anshan 114051, China; (C.M.); (Q.-T.Y.)
| | - Quan-Tong Yao
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, No. 189 Qianshan Centre Road, Anshan 114051, China; (C.M.); (Q.-T.Y.)
| | - Hui-Yan Zhao
- School of Mechanical & Power Engineering, Yingkou Institute of Technology, No. 46 Bowen Road, Yingkou 115014, China;
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26
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Xia Q, Sun S, Ye J, Zhang C, Ru H. Continuous SiC Skeleton-Reinforced Reaction-Bonded Boron Carbide Composites with High Flexural Strength. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5153. [PMID: 37512428 PMCID: PMC10383905 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Reaction-bonded boron carbide (RBBC) composites have broad application prospects due to their low cost and net size sintering. The microstructure, reaction mechanism of boron carbide with molten silicon (Si), and mechanical properties have been substantially studied. However, the mechanical properties strengthening mechanism of reaction-bonded boron carbide composites are still pending question. In this study, dense boron carbide ceramics were fabricated by liquid Si infiltration of B4C-C preforms with dispersed carbon black (CB) as the carbon source. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) with a molecular weight of 1800 was used as the dispersant. CB powders uniformly distributed around boron carbide particles and efficiently protected them from reacting with molten Si. The uniformly distributed CB powders in situ reacted with molten Si and formed uniformly distributed SiC grains, thus forming a continuous boron carbide-SiC ceramic skeleton. Meanwhile, the Si content of the composites was reduced. Using PEI-dispersed CB powders as additional carbon source, the composites' flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness reach up to 470 MPa, 4.6 MPa·m1/2, and 22 GPa, which were increased by 44%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. The mechanisms of mechanical properties strengthening were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xia
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Shihao Sun
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hongqiang Ru
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MOE), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
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27
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Zhang L, Li X, Song Y, Zou B. Ultrafast Antisolvent Growth of Single-Crystal CsPbBr 3 Microcavity for Whispering-Gallery-Mode Lasing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2116. [PMID: 37513126 PMCID: PMC10384258 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, all-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskites have garnered considerable attention for their prospective applications in green photonics and optoelectronic devices. However, the development of efficient and economical methods to obtain high-quality micron-sized single-crystalline CsPbBr3 microplatelets (MPs) has become a challenge. Here, we report the synthesis of CsPbBr3 MPs on Si/SiO2 substrate by optimizing the ultrafast antisolvent method (FAS). This technique is able to produce well-dispersed, uniformly sized, and morphologically regular tetragonal phase single crystals, which can give strong green emission at room temperature, with excellent stability and excitonic character. Moreover, the crystals demonstrated lasing with a whispering gallery mode with a low threshold. These results suggest that the single-crystalline CsPbBr3 MPs synthesized by this method are of high optical quality, holding vast potential for future applications in photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yimeng Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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28
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Qu C, Lu M, Zhang Z, Chen S, Liu D, Zhang D, Wang J, Sheng B. Flexible Microstructured Capacitive Pressure Sensors Using Laser Engraving and Graphitization from Natural Wood. Molecules 2023; 28:5339. [PMID: 37513212 PMCID: PMC10385064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, laser engraving has received widespread attention as a convenient, efficient, and programmable method which has enabled high-quality porous graphene to be obtained from various precursors. Laser engraving is often used to fabricate the dielectric layer with a microstructure for capacitive pressure sensors; however, the usual choice of electrodes remains poorly flexible metal electrodes, which greatly limit the overall flexibility of the sensors. In this work, we propose a flexible capacitive pressure sensor made entirely of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and laser-induced graphene (LIG) derived from wood. The capacitive pressure sensor consisted of a flexible LIG/TPU electrode (LTE), an LIG/TPU electrode with a microhole array, and a dielectric layer of TPU with microcone array molded from a laser-engraved hole array on wood, which provided high sensitivity (0.11 kPa-1), an ultrawide pressure detection range (20 Pa to 1.4 MPa), a fast response (~300 ms), and good stability (>4000 cycles, at 0-35 kPa). We believe that our research makes a significant contribution to the literature, because the easy availability of the materials derived from wood and the overall consistent flexibility meet the requirements of flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Qu
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Meilan Lu
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shangbi Chen
- Inertial Technology Division, Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Dewen Liu
- Inertial Technology Division, Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
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29
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Evangelista I, Wencel D, Beguin S, Zhang N, Gilchrist MD. Influence of Surface Texturing on the Dry Tribological Properties of Polymers in Medical Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2858. [PMID: 37447503 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a constant need to improve patient comfort and product performance associated with the use of medical devices. Efforts to optimise the tribological characteristics of medical devices usually involve modifying existing devices without compromising their main design features and functionality. This article constitutes a state-of-the-art review of the influence of dry friction on polymeric components used in medical devices, including those having microscale surface features. Surface tribology and contact interactions are discussed, along with alternative forms of surface texturing. Evident gaps in the literature, and areas warranting future research are highlighted; these include friction involving polymer Vs polymer surfaces, information regarding which topologies and feature spacings provide the best performing textured surfaces, and design guidelines that would assist manufacturers to minimise or maximise friction under non-lubricated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Evangelista
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- BD (Becton, Dickinson & Company), Blackrock Business Park, Carysfort Avenue, Blackrock, A94 H2X4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dorota Wencel
- BD (Becton, Dickinson & Company), Blackrock Business Park, Carysfort Avenue, Blackrock, A94 H2X4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steve Beguin
- BD (Becton, Dickinson & Company), Blackrock Business Park, Carysfort Avenue, Blackrock, A94 H2X4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael D Gilchrist
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Khafizova E, Fakhretdinova E, Islamgaliev R, Polenok M, Sitdikov V, Yilmazer H. Effect of Plastic Deformation on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Zn-4Ag-1Cu Zinc Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4646. [PMID: 37444960 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
It is known that zinc biodegradable alloys are a promising material for producing biomedical implants for orthopedics and vascular stents. Among them, the Zn-Ag-Cu zinc alloy is of special interest due to the antibacterial and antimicrobial properties of Ag and Cu. To improve the mechanical properties of the Zn-4Ag-1Cu zinc alloy, the effect of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the microstructure and strength has been investigated. The ECAP conditions for the Zn-4Ag-1Cu alloy were chosen by modeling in the Deform 3 D program (temperature and strain rate). The microstructure was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The study of strength was carried out by measuring the microhardness and tensile tests of small samples with a gauge dimension of 0.8 × 1 × 4 mm3. The microstructure after ECAP was characterized by equiaxed grains ranging in a size from 1.5 µm to 4 µm with particles in a size from 200 nm to 1 µm uniformly distributed along the boundaries. The ECAP samples showed a high strength of 348 MPa and good ductility of up to 30%, demonstrating their great potential as promising materials for producing medical stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Khafizova
- Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elvira Fakhretdinova
- Institute of Molecules and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Rinat Islamgaliev
- Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Milena Polenok
- Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Vil Sitdikov
- LLC "RN-BashNIPIneft", Lenina Street 86/1, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Hakan Yilmazer
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Esenler 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Jiang Y, Wu X, Niu J, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Guo F, Yang B, Zhao S. Gradient Strain-Induced Room-Temperature Ferroelectricity in Magnetic Double-Perovskite Superlattices. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2201246. [PMID: 36782074 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-phase multiferroics suffer from a fundamental contradiction between polarity and magnetism in d0 electronic configuration, motivating studies of unconventional ferroelectricity in magnetic oxides. However, low critical temperature and polarization still need to be overcome. Here, it is reported that the switchable polarization behavior at room temperature in [(La2 NiMnO6 )/(La2 CoMnO6 )]n double-perovskite magnetic superlattice films is achieved by engineering a microstructure with gradient strains, and the ferromagnetic Curie temperature did not show a rapid decrease. The synergy of gradient strains and superlattice components plays a decisive role in inducing ferroelectricity via the tilting or rotation of various oxygen octahedra. Such distortion responses to gradient strains are accompanied by slight magnetic fluctuations, maximizing the preservation of the initial magnetic exchange interactions, which alleviates the contradiction of multiferroic coexistence to a certain extent. This work confirms the room-temperature ferroelectricity in double-perovskite superlattices and provides a preferred strategy for confronting the difficulty of multiferroic coexistence in single-phase materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiang Jiang
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Fei Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
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32
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Sivasankaran S, Ammar HR, Sherif ESM, Alaboodi AS, Mekky ABH. Effect of Al 2O 3 (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3 vol.%) in CrFeCuMnNi-x High-Entropy Alloy Matrix Composites on Their Microstructure and Mechanical and Wear Performance. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103672. [PMID: 37241302 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to study the influence of Al2O3 in CrFeCuMnNi high-entropy alloy matrix composites (HEMCs) on their microstructure, phase changes, and mechanical and wear performances. CrFeCuMnNi-Al2O3 HEMCs were synthesized via mechanical alloying (MA) followed by hot compaction (550 °C at 550 MPa), medium frequency sintering (1200 °C), and hot forging (1000 °C at 50 MPa). The XRD results demonstrate the formation of both FCC and BCC phases in the synthesized powders, which were transformed into major stable FCC and minor ordered B2-BCC phases, as confirmed by HRSEM. The microstructural variation of HRSEM-EBSD, in terms of the coloured grain map (inverse pole figures), grain size distribution, and misorientation angle, was analysed and reported. The grain size of the matrix decreased with the increase in Al2O3 particles owing to the higher structural refinement by MA and zener pinning of the incorporated Al2O3 particles. The hot-forged CrFeCuMnNi-3 vol.% Al2O3 sample exhibited an ultimate compressive strength of 1.058 GPa, which was 21% higher than that of the unreinforced HEA matrix. Both the mechanical and wear performance of the bulk samples increased with an increase in Al2O3 content due to solid solution formation, high configurational mixing entropy, structural refinement, and the effective dispersion of the incorporated Al2O3 particles. The wear rate and coefficient of friction values decreased with the increase in Al2O3 content, indicating an improvement in wear resistance owing to the lower domination of abrasive and adhesive mechanisms, as evidenced by the SEM worn surface morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sivasankaran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany R Ammar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed M Sherif
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Alaboodi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Baset H Mekky
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts El-Meznab, Qassim University, Buraydah 51931, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang W, Shang X, Chen X, Chen S, Liu Z, Zhang L. Quenching and Tempering-Dependent Evolution on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance Based on a Laser Additively Manufactured 12CrNi2 Alloy Steel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093443. [PMID: 37176325 PMCID: PMC10180319 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
For exploring an effective heat treatment schedule to enhance the strength-plasticity balance of the ferrite-austenite 12CrNi2 alloy steel additively manufactured by directed energy deposition (DED), 12CrNi2 was heat-treated with deliberately designed direct quenching (DQ) and cyclic quenching (CQ), respectively, and the differently quenched steels were then tempered at a temperature from 200 °C to 500 °C. It was found that the CQ, in contrast to the DQ, led the 12CrNi2 to have significantly increased tensile strength without losing its plasticity, based on the introduction of fine-grained lath martensite and the {112}<111>-type nanotwins. The nanotwins were completely degenerated after the 200 °C tempering. This led the CQ-treated steel to decrease in not only its tensile strength, but also its plasticity. In addition, an interesting phenomenon observed was that the DQ-induced laths and rod-like precipitates, and the tempering-induced laths and rod-like precipitates were all prone to be generated along the {112} planes of the martensitic crystal (α-Fe), which were exactly fitted with the {112}-type crystalline orientation of the long or short nanotwins in the CQ-induced martensite. The quenching-tempering-induced generation of the {112}-orientated laths and rod-like precipitates was explicated in connection with the {112}<111>-type long or short nanotwins in the CQ-induced lath martensite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Science & Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523820, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin Shang
- Institute of Science & Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523820, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Institute of Science & Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523820, China
| | - Shenggui Chen
- Institute of Science & Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523820, China
- School of Art and Design, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Zhengliang Liu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Institute of Science & Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523820, China
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Dobroiu S, van Delft FCMJM, Sudalaiyadum Perumal A, Dash S, Aveyard J, van Zijl J, Snijder J, van den Heuvel E, van Berkum J, Blanchard MP, Favard C, Nicolau DV. Spatially Addressable Multiplex Biodetection by Calibrated Micro/Nanostructured Surfaces. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1882-1890. [PMID: 37099014 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
A challenge of any biosensing technology is the detection of very low concentrations of analytes. The fluorescence interference contrast (FLIC) technique improves the fluorescence-based sensitivity by selectively amplifying, or suppressing, the emission of a fluorophore-labeled biomolecule immobilized on a transparent layer placed on top of a mirror basal surface. The standing wave of the reflected emission light means that the height of the transparent layer operates as a surface-embedded optical filter for the fluorescence signal. FLIC extreme sensitivity to wavelength is also its main problem: small, e.g., 10 nm range, variations of the vertical position of the fluorophore can translate in unwanted suppression of the detection signal. Herein, we introduce the concept of quasi-circular lenticular microstructured domes operating as continuous-mode optical filters, generating fluorescent concentric rings, with diameters determined by the wavelengths of the fluorescence light, in turn modulated by FLIC. The critical component of the lenticular structures was the shallow sloping side wall, which allowed the simultaneous separation of fluorescent patterns for virtually any fluorophore wavelength. Purposefully designed microstructures with either stepwise or continuous-slope dome geometries were fabricated to modulate the intensity and the lateral position of a fluorescence signal. The simulation of FLIC effects induced by the lenticular microstructures was confirmed by the measurement of the fluorescence profile for three fluorescent dyes, as well as high-resolution fluorescence scanning using stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. The high sensitivity of the spatially addressable FLIC technology was further validated on a diagnostically important target, i.e., the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-Cov2 via the detection of RBD:anti-S1-antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serban Dobroiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Falco C M J M van Delft
- MiPlaza, Philips Research Europe, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Molecular Sense Ltd., Liverpool L36 8HT, U.K
| | | | - Shantoshini Dash
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Jenny Aveyard
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K
| | - Jeroen van Zijl
- MiPlaza, Philips Research Europe, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Snijder
- MiPlaza, Philips Research Europe, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jurgen van Berkum
- MiPlaza, Philips Research Europe, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Pierre Blanchard
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Favard
- Membrane Domains and Viral Assembly, Montpellier Infectious Disease Research Institute, CNRS UMR9004, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Cedex Montpellier, France
| | - Dan V Nicolau
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C3, Canada
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Schmidt C, Fechner A, Selyshchev O, Zahn DRT. The Influence of Process Parameters on the Microstructural Properties of Spray-Pyrolyzed β-Ga 2O 3. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13091455. [PMID: 37177000 PMCID: PMC10179802 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the deposition of β-Ga2O3 microstructures and thin films was performed with Ga(NO3)3 solutions by ultrasonic nebulization and spray coating as low-cost techniques. By changing the deposition parameters, the shape of β-Ga2O3 microstructures was controlled. Micro-spheres were obtained by ultrasonic nebulization. Micro-flakes and vortices were fabricated by spray coating aqueous concentrated and diluted precursor solutions, respectively. Roundish flakes were achieved from water-ethanol mixtures, which were rolled up into tubes by increasing the number of deposition cycles. Increasing the ethanol-to-water ratio allows continuous thin films at an optimal Ga(NO3)3 concentration of 0.15 M and a substrate temperature of 190 °C to be formed. The monoclinic β-Ga2O3 phase was achieved by thermal annealing at 1000 °C in an ambient atmosphere. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize these microstructures. In the XRD study, in addition to the phase information, the residual stress values were determined using the sin2(ψ) method. Raman spectroscopy confirms that the β-Ga2O3 phase and relative shifts of the Raman modes of the different microstructures can partially be assigned to residual stress. The high-frequency Raman modes proved to be more sensitive to shifting and broadening than the low-frequency Raman modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmidt
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Axel Fechner
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Selyshchev
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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Zha S, Wang Z, Tian L, Zhao Y, Bai X, Chen Z, Cai W, Li X, Li H. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Antennae and Mouthparts of Mezira yunnana Hsiao (Hemiptera: Aradidae): Specialized Microstructures Reflecting Adaptation to Mycetophagy. Insects 2023; 14:333. [PMID: 37103148 PMCID: PMC10145762 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many species of the family Aradidae (also known as flat bugs) feed on fungal mycelia and fruiting bodies. In order to better understand the morphological adaptation to this unique feeding habit, we examined the microstructure of antennae and mouthparts of an aradid species, Mezira yunnana Hsiao, using scanning electron microscope, and documented the fungal feeding process under laboratory conditions. The antennal sensilla include three subtypes of sensilla trichodea, three subtypes of sensilla basiconica, two subtypes of sensilla chaetica, sensilla campaniformia, and sensilla styloconica. The apex of the second segment of flagellum has a large number of various sensilla forming a sensilla cluster. The labial tip is distally constricted, which is rarely observed in other Pentatomomorpha species. The labial sensilla include three subtypes of sensilla trichodea, three subtypes of sensilla basiconica, and a sensilla campaniformia. The tip of the labium has only three pairs of sensilla basiconica III and small comb-shaped cuticular processes. The external surface of the mandibular apex has 8-10 ridge-like central teeth. A series of key morphological structures associated with mycetophagous feeding habit were identified, which will facilitate future studies on adaptive evolution of species in Pentatomomorpha as well as in other heteropteran lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zha
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yisheng Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoshuan Bai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhang L, Li X, Tian Y, Hao B, Han J, Chen H, Zou B, Du C. Ultrafast One-Step Deposition Route to Fabricate Single-Crystal CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Cl/Br, Br, and Br/I) Photodetectors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:13270-13280. [PMID: 36877582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic perovskites have received much attention due to their stability and high performance in luminescence, photoelectric conversion, and photodetection. However, perovskite optoelectronic devices prepared by the solution technique are still suffering from time-consuming and complex operations. In this paper, a single-crystal perovskite-based photodetector (PD) is prepared by very fast one-step deposition of synthesizing microplatelets (MPs) on the electrode directly. The saturated precursor is carefully optimized by adding appropriate antisolvent chlorobenzene (CB) to fabricate the MPs with their PL wavelength ranging from 418 to 600 nm. Furthermore, the PDs with a low dark current on order of nanoangstroms, high responsivity and detectivity of up to 10.7 A W-1 and 1012 Jones, respectively, and an ultrafast response rate featured by 278/287 μs (rise/decay time) are achieved. These all-inorganic perovskite PDs with a simple fabricating process and tunable detection wavelength meet the evolution tendency of PDs toward low cost and high performance, which is a high-profile strategy to realize high-performance perovskite PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hao
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiufang Han
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- The Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213000, P. R. China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Du
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- The Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213000, P. R. China
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Chen Z, Wang W, Li W. Tailorable Lignocellulose-Based Aerogel to Achieve the Balance between Evaporation Enthalpy and Water Transport Rate for Efficient Solar Evaporation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:11827-11836. [PMID: 36848290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology has become an effective approach to alleviate freshwater shortage. To improve its evaporation efficiency, the pore-size dependence of the water transport rate and evaporation enthalpy in the evaporator should be further investigated. Based on the transportation of water and nutrients in natural wood, we facilely designed a lignocellulose aerogel-based evaporator using carboxymethyl nanocellulose (CMNC) cross-linking, bidirectional freezing, acetylation, and MXene-coating. The pore size of the aerogel was adjusted by controlling its CMNC content. When the channel diameter of the aerogel-based evaporator increased from 21.6 to 91.9 μm, the water transport rate of the proposed evaporator increased from 31.94 to 75.84 g min-1, while its enthalpy increased from 1146.53 to 1791.60 kJ kg-1. At a pore size of 73.4 μm, the evaporation enthalpy and water transport rate of the aerogel-based evaporator achieved a balance, leading to the best solar evaporation rate (2.86 kg m-2 h-1). The evaporator exhibited excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (93.36%) and salt resistance (no salt deposition after three cycles of 8 h). This study could guide the development of efficient solar-driven evaporators for seawater desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerong Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhuoling Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
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Ayodele OO, Babalola BJ, Olubambi PA. Evaluation of the Wear and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Diboride-Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2078. [PMID: 36903192 PMCID: PMC10003867 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of x-wt.% (where x = 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10) TiB2-reinforced titanium matrix was accomplished through the spark plasma sintering technique (SPS). The sintered bulk samples were characterized, and their mechanical properties were evaluated. Near full density was attained, with the sintered sample having the least relative density of 97.5%. This indicates that the SPS process aids good sinterability. The Vickers hardness of the consolidated samples improved from 188.1 HV1 to 304.8 HV1, attributed to the high hardness of the TiB2. The tensile strength and elongation of the sintered samples decreased with increasing TiB2 content. The nano hardness and reduced elastic modulus of the consolidated samples were upgraded due to the addition of TiB2, with the Ti-7.5 wt.% TiB2 sample showing the maximum values of 9841 MPa and 188 GPa, respectively. The microstructures display the dispersion of whiskers and in-situ particles, and the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed new phases. Furthermore, the presence of TiB2 particles in the composites enhanced better wear resistance than the unreinforced Ti sample. Due to dimples and large cracks, ductile and brittle fracture behavior was noticed in the sintered composites.
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Pietsch K, Storm-Johannsen L, Schmidt-Thomée A, Pompe T. Correlation between Fibrin Fibrillation Kinetics and the Resulting Fibrin Network Microstructure. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202231. [PMID: 36494086 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin, the prominent extracellular matrix in early wound tissue, is discussed to influence immune cells and healing. The nature of fibrinogen/fibrin to form fibrillary networks is frequently exploited to engineer microenvironments for cellular analysis. This study focuses on revealing the correlation of fibril formation kinetic and the resulting network microstructure of engineered 3D fibrin networks. Different concentrations of fibrinogen (1-3 mg mL-1 ), thrombin (0.01-0.15 U mL-1 ), sodium chloride (40-120 mm), and calcium chloride (1-10 mm) are applied to assess the impact on the fibril growth kinetics by turbidity analysis and on the resulting fibril and pore diameter by laser scanning microscopy. The results highlight a direct influence of the sodium chloride concentration on fibrillation kinetics and reveal a strong correlation between fibrillation kinetics and network microstructure. With the assumption of a first-order growth kinetic, an increase of the growth constant k (0.015-0.04 min-1 ) is found to correlate to a decrease in fibril diameter (1-0.65 µm) and pore diameter (11-5 µm). The new findings enable an easy prediction of 3D fibrin network microstructure by the fibril formation kinetic and contribute to an improved engineering of defined scaffolds for tissue engineering and cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Pietsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Storm-Johannsen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonia Schmidt-Thomée
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Chen S, Xu N. Detecting Microstructural Criticality/Degeneracy through Hybrid Learning Strategies Trained by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:10193-10202. [PMID: 36757321 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient microstructure design can strongly accelerate the development of materials. However, the complexity of the microstructure-behavior relation renders the criticalities and degeneracies within the microstructure space highly possible. Criticality means that a slight microstructural change can lead to a dramatic transition in material behavior, while degeneracy means that very different microstructures may lead to similar behaviors. To investigate these microstructural characteristics of the fiber/matrix interface within composite materials, we have proposed a hybrid deep-learning-based framework by integrating the supervised feed-forward neural network and the unsupervised autoencoder, which are trained by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results. The well-trained model continuously maps the elemental density images within the interfacial area into a low-dimensional latent space. Assisted by the extracted latent features, we can easily detect the criticalities and degeneracies within the original microstructure space of the composite's interface. The predicted microstructural criticalities and degeneracies are validated by investigating their atomistic origins through MD simulations. The proposed framework can be employed for the interfacial microstructure design of composite materials by identifying certain interfacial microstructures that might lead to undesirable behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Chen
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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42
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Koniorczyk P, Zieliński M, Sienkiewicz J, Zmywaczyk J, Dębski A. Experimental Studies of Thermophysical Properties and Microstructure of X37CrMoV5-1 Hot-Work Tool Steel and Maraging 350 Steel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1206. [PMID: 36770211 PMCID: PMC9920995 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of thermal diffusivity, heat capacity and thermal expansion of X37CrMoV5-1 (1.2343) hot-work tool steel and Maraging 350 (1.6355) steel in the temperature range from -50 °C to 1000 °C were carried out in this paper. Both X37CrMoV5-1 and Maraging 350 are tested for military use as barrel steels. Thermophysical properties were tested using specialised test stands from NETZSCH. Thermal diffusivity was studied using both the LFA 427 laser flash apparatus in the temperature range of RT-1000 °C and the LFA 467 laser flash apparatus in the temperature range of -50 °C-500 °C. Specific heat capacity was investigated using a DSC 404 F1 Pegasus differential scanning calorimeter in the range RT-1000 °C, and thermal expansion was investigated using both a DIL 402 Expedis pushrod dilatometer in the range -50 °C-500 °C and a DIL 402 C in the range RT-1000 °C. Inconel 600 was selected as the reference material during the thermal diffusivity test using LFA467. Tests under the light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers microhardness measurements were carried out to detect changes in the microstructure before and after thermophysical measurements. This paper briefly characterises the research procedures used. In conclusion, the results of testing the thermophysical properties of X37CrMoV5-1 hot-work tool steel and Maraging 350 steel are compared with our results on 38HMJ (1.8509), 30HN2MFA and Duplex (1.4462) barrel steels. The thermophysical properties of X37CrMoV5-1 (1.2343) hot-work tool steel and Maraging 350 (1.6355) steel are incomplete in the literature. The paper presents the thermophysical properties of these steels over a wide range of temperatures so that they can be used as input data for numerical simulations of heat transfer in cannon barrels.
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Zhang L, Xu L, Ma JK, Ye YY, Chen Y, Qian JY. Introduction of Curdlan Optimizes the Comprehensive Properties of Methyl Cellulose Films. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36766078 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The good oxygen barrier and hydrophobic properties of curdlan (CL) film might be suitable complements for MC film, and its similar glucose unit and thermal-gel character might endow the methyl cellulose (MC)/CL blended system with compatibility and good comprehensive properties. Thus, MC/CL blended films were developed. The effects of MC/CL blend ratios on the microstructures and physical properties of the blends were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), oxygen and water vapor permeability testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), light transmittance testing, tensile testing, hydrophilic property testing, and water solubility testing. The introduction of CL affected the molecular aggregation and crystallization of the MC molecules, suggesting MC-CL molecular interactions. The cross-sectional roughness of the MC/CL film increased with an increase in CL content, while the surface of the MC/CL 5:5 film was smoother than those of the MC/CL 7:3 and 3:7 films. Only one glass transition temperature, which was between that of the MC and CL films, was observed for the MC/CL 7:3 and MC/CL 5:5 films, indicating the good compatibility of the MC and CL molecules at these two blend ratios. The hydrophobicity and water insolubility increased with the CL content, which was due to the combined effects of more hydrophobic cavities in the CL triple-helix and increased surface roughness. Increased oxygen barrier properties with increasing CL content might be a combined effect of the increased hydrogen bonds and hydrophilic ektexines of the CL triple-helix. The elongations of the blended films were higher than those of the MC film, which might be related to its increased water content. The MC/CL 7:3 and MC/CL 5:5 films retained the good light transmittance and tensile strength of the MC film, which corresponded well to their good compatibility and might be due to the effects of the MC-CL molecular interactions and the relative smooth morphologies. MC/CL 5:5 showed improved water vapor barrier properties, which might be due to its smooth surface morphologies. This research offers new MC based films with improved properties and good compatibility, providing great potential for use as edible coatings, capsules, and packaging materials.
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Zhang P, Sun X, Wang F, Wang J. Mechanical Properties and Durability of Geopolymer Recycled Aggregate Concrete: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36771916 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete (GPRAC) is a new type of green material with broad application prospects by replacing ordinary Portland cement with geopolymer and natural aggregates with recycled aggregates. This paper summarizes the research about the mechanical properties, durability, and microscopic aspects of GPRAC. The reviewed contents include compressive strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, freeze-thaw resistance, abrasion resistance, sulfate corrosion resistance, and chloride penetration resistance. It is found that GPRAC can be made to work better by changing the curing temperature, using different precursor materials, adding fibers and nanoparticles, and setting optimal mix ratios. Among them, using multiple precursor materials in synergy tended to show better performance compared to a single precursor material. In addition, using modified recycled aggregates, the porosity and water absorption decreased by 18.97% and 25.33%, respectively, and the apparent density was similar to that of natural aggregates. The current results show that the performance of GPRAC can meet engineering requirements. In addition, compared with traditional concrete, the use of GPRAC can effectively reduce carbon emissions, energy loss, and environmental pollution, which is in line with the concept of green and low-carbon development in modern society. In general, GPRAC has good prospects and development space. This paper reviews the effects of factors such as recycled aggregate admixture and curing temperature on the performance of GPRAC, which helps to optimize the ratio design and curing conditions, as well as provide guidance for the application of recycled aggregate in geopolymer concrete, and also supply theoretical support for the subsequent application of GPRAC in practical engineering.
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Liu WS, Liu Y, Gao J, Zheng H, Lu ZM, Li M. Biomembrane-Based Nanostructure- and Microstructure-Loaded Hydrogels for Promoting Chronic Wound Healing. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:385-411. [PMID: 36703725 PMCID: PMC9871051 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s387382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process, and metabolic disturbances in the microenvironment of chronic wounds and the severe symptoms they cause remain major challenges to be addressed. The inherent properties of hydrogels make them promising wound dressings. In addition, biomembrane-based nanostructures and microstructures (such as liposomes, exosomes, membrane-coated nanostructures, bacteria and algae) have significant advantages in the promotion of wound healing, including special biological activities, flexible drug loading and targeting. Therefore, biomembrane-based nanostructure- and microstructure-loaded hydrogels can compensate for their respective disadvantages and combine the advantages of both to significantly promote chronic wound healing. In this review, we outline the loading strategies, mechanisms of action and applications of different types of biomembrane-based nanostructure- and microstructure-loaded hydrogels in chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Mao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Zheng-Mao Lu, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +086-13651688596, Fax +086-021-31161589, Email
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Meng Li, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +086-15000879978, Fax +086-021-23271699, Email
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Georgantzinos SK. Editorial for the Special Issue on Micro/Nano Structures and Systems: Analysis, Design, Manufacturing, and Reliability. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:253. [PMID: 36837952 PMCID: PMC9966047 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of fundamental sciences in recent decades has led to an increased focus on the prediction of phenomena occurring at the micro and nano scales. Micro- and nanostructures have a wide range of applications in various fields, such as aerospace and automobiles, and are widely used in nano- and micro-sized systems and devices, such as biosensors, nanoactuators, and nanoprobes. The design of these structures relies on a complete understanding of their physical and mechanical behaviors. Mechanics plays a crucial role at the micro- and nanoscales, from the generation of nanostructures to the properties of nanocomposite materials and the manufacturing and design of machines, structures, sensors, actuators, fluidics, and more. This Special Issue aims to bring together high-quality papers that advance the field of micro- and nanostructures and systems through the use of modern computational and analytical methods, in conjunction with experimental techniques, for their analysis, design, manufacture, maintenance, quality, and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios K Georgantzinos
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Structures and Digitalization, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece
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Li H, Xu J, Ren Y, Han R, Song H, Huang R, Wang X, Zhang L, Cao H, Zou C, Yang H. Preparation of Highly Durable Reverse-Mode Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystal Films with Polymer Walls. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:2228-2236. [PMID: 36579944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reverse-mode polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) films have wide applications in smart windows for cars as well as buildings and dimming glasses due to their low haze, low energy consumption, and better safety in case of emergency power off. However, PSLC films usually have poor stability of electro-optical properties due to their low polymer content (ca. 5 wt %), and it still remains a challenging task to improve the stability and processability by increasing the polymer content in PSLC as the driving voltage might dramatically increase. In this work, a reverse-mode PSLC film with polymer walls was prepared, which showed excellent stability of electro-optical properties even after 150 000 cycles. The film was prepared through polymerization with a photomask, in which the monomers concentrated on specific areas to form patterned polymer walls. In this way, the polymer content could be increased dramatically and the anchoring effect would not be too strong, thus avoiding a sharp increase in the driving voltage. As a result, the desired reverse-mode film with high stability, relatively low driving voltage, and high contrast ratio was obtained. The effects of monomer compositions, curing temperature, UV light intensity, and the pattern of the photomask on the microstructures, as well as electro-optical performances of the films were carefully studied. This work provides a new idea for the preparation of reverse-mode electrically switchable light-transmittance controllable films with excellent stability and good electro-optical performance, which would broaden their application in smart cars, building windows, and dimming glasses for light management and potential energy saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiao Ren
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - He Song
- School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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Zhu P, Zhang Q, Xia Y, Sun K, Lin X, Gou H, Shil’ko S, Wu G. Effect of Nanoscale W Coating on Corrosion Behavior of Diamond/Aluminum Composites. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:307. [PMID: 36678061 PMCID: PMC9864591 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The stability of diamond/aluminum composite is of significant importance for its extensive application. In this paper, the interface of diamond/aluminum composite was modified by adding nanoscale W coating on diamond surface. We evaluated the corrosion rate of nanoscale W-coated and uncoated diamond/aluminum composite by a full immersion test and polarization curve test and clarified the corrosion products and corrosion mechanism of the composite. The introduction of W nanoscale coating effectively reduces the corrosion rate of the diamond/aluminum composite. After corrosion, the bending strength and thermal conductivity of the nanoscale W-coated diamond/aluminum composite are considerably higher than those of the uncoated diamond/aluminum composite. The corrosion loss of the material is mainly related to the hydrolysis of the interface product Al4C3, accompanied by the corrosion of the matrix aluminum. Our work provides guidance for improving the life of electronic devices in corrosive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yixiao Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiu Lin
- Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Huasong Gou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Serge Shil’ko
- V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 246050 Gomel, Belarus
| | - Gaohui Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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49
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Fang R, Pan Z, Zheng J, Wang X, Li R, Yang C, Deng L, Vorobyev AY. Evaporative and Wicking Functionalities at Hot Airflows of Laser Nano-/Microstructured Ti-6Al-4V Material. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:218. [PMID: 36616128 PMCID: PMC9823521 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel multifunctional material with efficient wicking and evaporative functionalities was fabricated using hierarchical surface nano-/microstructuring by femtosecond laser micromachining. The created material exhibits excellent multifunctional performance. Our experiments in a wind tunnel demonstrate its good wicking and evaporative functionalities under the conditions of high-temperature airflows. An important finding of this work is the significantly enhanced evaporation rate of the created material compared with the free water surface. The obtained results provide a platform for the practical implementation of Maisotsenko-cycle cooling technologies for substantially increasing efficiency in power generation, thermal management, and other evaporation-based technologies. The developed multifunctional material demonstrates long-lasting wicking and evaporative functionalities that are resistant to degradation under high-temperature airflows, indicating its suitability for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Fang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Zhonglin Pan
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Jiangen Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xiaofa Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Lianrui Deng
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Anatoliy Y. Vorobyev
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing 400065, China
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Li W, Su P, Tang H, Lin Y, Yu Y. Hetero-Polycrystalline Membranes with Narrow and Rigid Pores for Molecular Sieving. Small 2023; 19:e2205542. [PMID: 36404108 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular sieving membranes have great potential for energy-saving separations, but they suffer from permeability-selectivity trade-off limitation. In this report, simultaneous hetero-crystallization and hetero-linker coordination of metal-organic framework (MOF) hollow fiber membranes through one-pot synthesis for precise gas separation is reported. It is found that the hetero-polycrystalline membranes consist of 2D and 3D MOF phases and are defect-free and roughly orientated, hetero-linker exchange of 3D phase by larger geometric ones can narrow transport pathway, and framework rigidification occurs and thus fixes MOF channels. The prepared membranes are robust and reproducible, and exhibit substantially improved performance, with H2 /CO2 , H2 /N2 , and H2 /CH4 selectivities up to 361, 482, and 541, respectively, accompanied by high H2 permeance over 1100 gas permeation units, which can easily outclass trade-off upper bounds of state-of-the-art membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbin Li
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Su
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Tang
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Yanshan Lin
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Yu
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
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