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Atci S, McGraw VS, Takeoka G, Vu VCH, McHugh T, Rubinsky B, Bilbao-Sainz C. Assessing the impact of isochoric freezing as a preservation method on the quality attributes of orange juice. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 38638061 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Isochoric (constant volume) freezing is a novel food preservation technology that has demonstrated the ability to preserve food products at subfreezing temperatures in an unfrozen state, thereby avoiding the detrimental effects of ice formation. It minimizes the quality loss of fresh fruits and juices, increases their nutrient content, and reduces microbial counts. Orange juice (OJ) samples were subjected to conventional freezing (CF) and isochoric freezing (IF) for 7 days and then stored at 4°C for an additional 7 days. We evaluated the microbiological and physicochemical quality of CF and IF OJ before and after storage. The IF was performed at three different conditions: -5°C/73 MPa, -10°C/93 MPa, and -15°C/143 MPa. The results indicate that the total aerobic count of OJ remained below the detection limit after heat treatment, 7 days of CF and 7 days of IF. Yeast and mold counts increased in fresh and CF OJ after 7 days of storage at 4°C, whereas IF OJ remained below the detection limit. Less color difference was observed in IF (-15°C/143 MPa) OJ compared to heat-treated and CF OJ. Heat treatment inactivated 42% of pectin methylesterase (PME), whereas 7-day long IF increased PME activity up to 150%. Additionally, IF (-15°C/143 MPa) OJ showed reduced pulp sedimentation, which can be advantageous, as sedimentation in juices has been a recognized technological issue in the juice industry. Ascorbic acid level was significantly higher in IF (-15°C/143 MPa) OJ compared to fresh and CF OJ after storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyye Atci
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Valerie S McGraw
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
- BioChoric, Inc., Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Gary Takeoka
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Vivian C H Vu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Tara McHugh
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Cristina Bilbao-Sainz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
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Mu Y, Zhao S, Liu J, Liu Z, He J, Cao H, Zhao H, Wang C, Jin Y, Qi Y, Wang F. Assessment of the Conformation Stability and Glycosylation Heterogeneity of Lactoferrin by Native Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2024. [PMID: 38626386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LTF) has diverse biological activities and is widely used in functional foods and active additives. Nevertheless, evaluating the proteoform heterogeneity, conformational stability, and activity of LTF remains challenging during its production and storage processes. In this study, we describe the implementation of native mass spectrometry (nMS), glycoproteomics, and an antimicrobial activity assay to assess the quality of LTF. We systematically characterize the purity, glycosylation heterogeneity, conformation, and thermal stability of LTF samples from different sources and transient high-temperature treatments by using nMS and glycoproteomics. Meanwhile, the nMS peak intensity and antimicrobial activity of LTF samples after heat treatment decreased significantly, and the two values were positively correlated. The nMS results provide essential molecular insights into the conformational stability and glycosylation heterogeneity of different LTF samples. Our results underscore the great potential of nMS for LTF quality control and activity evaluation in industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of Dalian, Dalian 116023, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jian He
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Co. Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Co. Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- Inner Mongolia National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Co. Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Yan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanxia Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of Dalian, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Inner Mongolia National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy Co. Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Panaite T, Savin C, Olteanu ND, Karvelas N, Romanec C, Vieriu RM, Balcos C, Baltatu MS, Benchea M, Achitei D, Zetu I. Heat Treatment's Vital Role: Elevating Orthodontic Mini-Implants for Superior Performance and Longevity-Pilot Study. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:103. [PMID: 38668015 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic mini-implants are devices used for anchorage in various orthodontic treatments. We conducted a pilot study which aimed to observe preliminary trends regarding the impact of heat treatment on the elastic modulus of Ti6Al4V alloy and stainless steel 316L mini-implants. The initial phase involved testing the impact of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy and stainless steel 316L mini-implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten self-drilling mini-implants sourced from two distinct manufacturers (Jeil Medical Corporation® and Leone®) with dimensions of 2.0 mm diameter and 10 mm length were tested. They were separated into two material groups: Ti6Al4V and 316L. Using the CETRUMT-2 microtribometer equipment, indentation testing was conducted employing a diamond-tipped Rockwell penetrator at a constant force of 4.5 N. RESULTS Slight differences were observed in the elastic modulus of the Ti6Al4V alloy (103.99 GPa) and stainless steel 316L (203.20 GPa) compared to natural bone. The higher elastic moduli of these materials indicate that they are stiffer, which could potentially lead to stress-shielding phenomena and bone resorption. Heat treatment resulted in significant changes in mechanical properties, including elastic modulus reductions of approximately 26.14% for Ti6Al4V and 24.82% for 316L, impacting their performance in orthodontic applications. CONCLUSION Understanding the effects of heat treatment on these alloys is crucial for optimizing their biomechanical compatibility and longevity in orthodontic treatment. To fully evaluate the effects of heat treatment on mini-implants and to refine their design and efficacy in clinical practice, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinela Panaite
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Savin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicolae Daniel Olteanu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nikolaos Karvelas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Romanec
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Raluca-Maria Vieriu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carina Balcos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Madalina Simona Baltatu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 41 "D. Mangeron" Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marcelin Benchea
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Blvd. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 61-63, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Achitei
- Department of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Zetu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Huang SJ, Wu SY, Subramani M. Effect of Zinc and Severe Plastic Deformation on Mechanical Properties of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1678. [PMID: 38612192 PMCID: PMC11012265 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of zinc (4 wt.%) and severe plastic deformation on the mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloy through the stir-casting process. Severe plastic deformation (Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)) has been performed followed by T4 heat treatment. The microstructural examinations revealed that the addition of 4 wt.% Zn enhances the uniform distribution of β-phase, contributing to a more uniformly corroded surface in corrosive environments. Additionally, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) significantly reduces the grain size of as-cast alloys after undergoing ECAP. The attained mechanical properties demonstrate that after a single ECAP pass, AZ61 + 4 wt.% Zn alloy exhibits the highest yield strength (YS), ultimate compression strength (UCS), and hardness. This research highlights the promising potential of AZ61 + 4 wt.% Zn alloy for enhanced mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties, offering valuable insights for applications in diverse engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Jeng Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd, Da’an District, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (M.S.)
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Li L, Fu P, Lin B, Wang X. Effect of Preheating and Post-Heating on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of TC17-Ti 2AlNb Joint with Electron Beam Welding. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1654. [PMID: 38612166 PMCID: PMC11012728 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
To enhance welding quality and performance, preheating and post-heating are usually employed on high-temperature materials, concurrently with welding. This is a novel technique in vacuum chamber electron beam welding (EBW). TC17 and Ti2AlNb alloys are the hot topics in aero-engine parts, and the welding of dissimilar materials is also a broad prospect. To settle welding cracks of Ti2AlNb, EBW with preheating and post-heating was investigated on TC17 and Ti2AlNb dissimilar alloy, which improved the manufacturing technology on high-temperature materials. The dissimilar joint no longer had cracks after preheating, which exhibited excellent welding stability and metallurgical homogeneity, and preheating and annealing had an important effect on mechanical properties. The joint strength after 630 °C annealing is higher than that of TC17 alloy base metal (BM) and other annealing temperatures, reaching 1169 MPa at room temperature and 894 MPa at 450 °C tensile condition. The joint plasticity after 740 °C annealing is equivalent to TC17 BM. EBW with preheating improved the microstructure characteristics and enhanced the plasticity of Ti2AlNb alloy weld and dissimilar joint, which would contribute to the application of Ti2AlNb alloy and Ti2AlNb dissimilar parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihang Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Power Beam Processes, AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing 100024, China; (P.F.); (B.L.); (X.W.)
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Zuo J, Zheng W, Shi N, Song R, Han F, Yang C, Li J, Peng C, Li B, Chen Y. Study on the Thermal Stability of the Sweet-Tasting Protein Brazzein Based on Its Structure-Sweetness Relationship. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:7374-7382. [PMID: 38526016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Brazzein (Brz) is a sweet-tasting protein composed of 54 amino acids and is considered as a potential sugar substitute. The current methods for obtaining brazzein are complicated, and limited information is available regarding its thermal stability. In this study, we successfully expressed recombinant brazzein, achieving a sweetness threshold of 15.2 μg/mL. Subsequently, we conducted heat treatments at temperatures of 80, 90, 95, and 100 °C for a duration of 2 h to investigate the structural changes in the protein. Furthermore, we employed hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to analyze the effect of heating on the protein structure-sweetness relationships. Our results indicated that the thermal inactivation process primarily affects residues 6-14 and 36-45 of brazzein, especially key residues Tyr8, Tyr11, Ser14, Glu36, and Arg43, which are closely associated with its sweetness. These findings have significant implications for improving the thermal stability of brazzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Zuo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nian Shi
- Xianning Vocational Technical College, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Rong Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wu R, Xie Y, Zhao L, Fu C, He W, Guo D, Xu W, Yi Y, Wang H. Effect mechanism of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in chili on the oxidative stability of myoglobin in duck meat. J Sci Food Agric 2024. [PMID: 38568724 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoglobin (Mb) in duck meat is commonly over-oxidized when heated at high temperatures, which may worsen the color of the meat. Enhancing the oxidative stability of Mb is essential for improving the color of duck meat. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin (CA-DI) in chili exhibit antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effects of CA-DI on the structure and oxidative damage of Mb by fluorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry analysis and particle size in duck meat during heat treatment. RESULTS When the ratio of CA-DI to Mb was 10:1 g kg-1 and heat-treated for 36 min, oxymyoglobin significantly increased, and metmyoglobin significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In parallel, the carbonyl content of Mb in the CA-DI group decreased by 43.40 ± 0.10%, the sulfhydryl content increased by 188 ± 0.21%, and the free radical scavenging activity of Mb was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). Moreover, the addition of CA-DI resulted in a significant decrease in the particle size of the Mb surface (P < 0.05). When the ratio of CA-DI to Mb was 10:1 g kg-1, CA-DI enhanced the thermal stability and significantly increased the thermal denaturation temperature of Mb. The molecular docking results indicated that hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds were involved in the binding of CA-DI to Mb. CONCLUSION CA-DI could combine with Mb and improve the oxidation stability of Mb in duck meat. This suggested that CA-DI could be a potential natural antioxidant that improves the color of meat products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiqi Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Danjun Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan, China
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Odgerel Z, Kwak SW, Ha JH, Gambarini G, Shen Y, Kim HC. Effect of MT Technology of Heat Treatment on Reciproc: Comparison of Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, and Reciproc MT. J Endod 2024; 50:520-526. [PMID: 38311116 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the effects from the memory-triple (MT) heat treatment on the fatigue resistance of the Reciproc by comparison with the file systems of same geometry. METHODS Reciproc files subjected to MT heat treatment technology were designated as Group RMT and were compared with the original Reciproc (Group REC) and Reciproc Blue (Group REB). Each NiTi file from 3 groups (n = 15) was operated reciprocally with a repetitive up-and-down movement in the curved canal with 4 mm of pecking distance inside of the simulated canal at body temperature. When each file fractured, the time until fracture was recorded. The length of the fractured fragment was measured. Fractured fragments were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate the topographic features of the surface. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was performed to estimate phase transformation temperatures. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan post hoc comparison were applied to compare among the groups at a significance level of 95%. RESULTS RMT showed significantly higher fracture resistance (P < .05), whereas there was no difference in fatigue resistance between REC and REB. SEM examination showed the files from the 3 groups had similar topographic features. RMT showed a peak of austenite peak (Ap) at a temperature (52°C) higher than body temperature, whereas REC and REB showed Ap at 37 and 32°C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Under the condition of this study, the new heat treatment technique of MT technology could enhance the fatigue fracture resistance of the reciprocating files made of M-wire and Blue-wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunduijamts Odgerel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hong Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gianluca Gambarini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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Han X, Li X, Liao B, Zhang Y, Xu L, Guo X, Zhang S. The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Selective Laser Melted AlCoFeNi Medium-Entropy Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1582. [PMID: 38612096 PMCID: PMC11012990 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A single body-centered cubic (BCC)-structured AlCoFeNi medium-entropy alloy (MEA) was prepared by the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The hardness of the as-built sample was around 32.5 HRC. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was around 1211 MPa, the yield strength (YS) was around 1023 MPa, and the elongation (El) was around 10.8%. A novel BCC + B2 + face-centered cubic (FCC) structure was formed after aging. With an increase in aging temperature and duration, the number of fine grains increased, and more precipitates were observed. After aging at 450 °C for 4 h, the formed complex polyphase structure significantly improved the mechanical properties. Its hardness, UTS, YS, and El were around 45.7 HRC, 1535 MPa, 1489 MPa, and 8.5%, respectively. The improvement in mechanical properties was mainly due to Hall-Petch strengthening, which was caused by fine grains, and precipitation strengthening, which was caused by an increase in precipitates after aging. Meanwhile, the FCC precipitates made the alloy have good toughness. The complex interaction of multiple strengthening mechanisms leads to a good combination of strength, hardness, and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Han
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiangwei Li
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bokai Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Youzhao Zhang
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Division, Hong Kong Productivity Council, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xingpeng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials, Dongguan 523808, China
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Liang N, Koh J, Kim BJ, Ozturk G, Barile D, Dallas DC. Corrigendum: Structural and functional changes of bioactive proteins in donor human milk treated by vat-pasteurization, retort sterilization, ultra-high-temperature sterilization, freeze-thawing and homogenization. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1371799. [PMID: 38571754 PMCID: PMC10989321 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1371799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.926814.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Liang
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jeewon Koh
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Bum Jin Kim
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Gulustan Ozturk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - David C. Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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11
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Pan J, Yu Z, Dai J, Jiang H, Shi C, Du Q, Zhu W, Bari L, Fan R, Wang J, Yang Y, Han R. Impact of Processing Methods on the Distribution of Mineral Elements in Goat Milk Fractions. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00575-7. [PMID: 38490559 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are excellent sources of mineral elements, including Ca, P, Mg, Na, K and Zn. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of non-thermal (homogenization) and thermal (heat treatment) treatments on the distribution of mineral elements in 4 milk fractions: fat, casein, whey protein, and aqueous phase. The study results revealed that the distribution of mineral elements (such as Mg and Fe) in fat fractions is extremely low, while significant mineral elements such as Ca, Zn, Fe, and Cu are mostly dispersed in casein fractions. For non-treated goat milk, Mo is the only element identified in the whey protein fraction, while K and Na are mostly found in the aqueous phase. Mineral element concentrations in fat (K, Zn, etc.) and casein fraction (Fe, Mo, etc.) increased dramatically after homogenization. Homogenization greatly decreased the concentration of mineral elements in the whey protein fraction (Ca, Na, etc.) and aqueous phase (Fe, Cu, etc.). After heat treatment, the element content in the fat fraction and casein fraction increased greatly when compared with raw milk, such as Cu and Mg in the fat fraction, Na and Cu in the whey protein fraction, the concentration of components such as Mg and Na in casein fraction increased considerably. On the other hand, after homogenization, Zn in the aqueous phase decreased substantially, whereas Fe increased significantly. Therefore, both homogenization and heat treatment have an effect on the mineral element distribution in goat milk fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Zhongna Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Division of Biosciences, University College London
| | - Hongning Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Cuiping Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Qijing Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Wanting Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Latiful Bari
- Food & Agriculture Research Division, Center for Advance Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka
| | - Rongbo Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Yongxin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University; Bathurst Future Agri-Tech Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University
| | - Rongwei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University; Bathurst Future Agri-Tech Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University.
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12
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Bilbao-Sainz C, Olsen C, Chiou BS, Rubinsky B, Wu VCH, McHugh T. Benefits of isochoric freezing for carrot juice preservation. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1324-1336. [PMID: 38317403 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Isochoric freezing (IF) at -5°C/77 and -10°C/100 MPa was used to preserve carrot juice for 12 weeks. The juice qualities were compared to those using heat treatment (HT) at 95°C for 15 s followed by cold storage at 4°C. The native population of total aerobic bacteria, yeasts, and molds in isochoric frozen juice remained below the detection limit for 12 weeks. In comparison, microbes started to grow in heat-treated juices after 3 weeks of refrigeration. The color of isochoric frozen juice appeared more deep orange than the fresh juice due to an increase in carotenoid extractability. IF was not effective in reducing the activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and pectin methyl esterase compared with HT. However, the isochoric samples showed higher carotenoid content, polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity compared to the fresh and heat-treated juices. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Isochoric freezing was used to produce carrot juice with extended shelf life. Isochoric freezing could be a beneficial alternative to conventional heat treatment for carrot juice processing as the applied pressures reached total inactivation levels of spoilage microorganisms. Moreover, the low processing temperatures better retained desirable compounds and quality attributes of fresh juice throughout its shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bilbao-Sainz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Carl Olsen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Bor-Sen Chiou
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Vivian C H Wu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Tara McHugh
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
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13
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Yin J, Rao Z, Wu D, Lv H, Ma H, Long T, Kang J, Wang Q, Wang Y, Su R. Interpretable Predicting Creep Rupture Life of Superalloys: Enhanced by Domain-Specific Knowledge. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307982. [PMID: 38168537 PMCID: PMC10953578 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Evaluating and understanding the effect of manufacturing processes on the creep performance in superalloys poses a significant challenge due to the intricate composition involved. This study presents a machine-learning strategy capable of evaluating the effect of the heat treatment process on the creep performance of superalloys and predicting creep rupture life with high accuracy. This approach integrates classification and regression models with domain-specific knowledge. The physical constraints lead to significantly enhanced prediction accuracy of the classification and regression models. Moreover, the heat treatment process is evaluated as the most important descriptor by integrating machine learning with superalloy creep theory. The heat treatment design of Waspaloy alloy is used as the experimental validation. The improved heat treatment leads to a significant enhancement in creep performance (5.5 times higher than the previous study). The research provides novel insights for enhancing the precision of predicting creep rupture life in superalloys, with the potential to broaden its applicability to the study of the effects of heat treatment processes on other properties. Furthermore, it offers auxiliary support for the utilization of machine learning in the design of heat treatment processes of superalloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangHebei050018China
| | - Ziyuan Rao
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung40237DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Dayong Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangHebei050018China
| | - Haopeng Lv
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangHebei050018China
| | - Haikun Ma
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangHebei050018China
| | - Teng Long
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringShandong UniversityJingshi Road 17923Jinan250061China
| | - Jie Kang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangHebei050018China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangHebei050018China
| | - Yandong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China
| | - Ru Su
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuangHebei050018China
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Liu J, Wang Y, Guo W, Wang L, Zhang S, Hu Q. Influence of Various Heat Treatments on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of GH4099 Superalloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1084. [PMID: 38473558 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The microstructures and mechanical properties of a γ'-strengthened nickel-based superalloy, GH4099, produced by laser powder bed fusion, at room temperature and 900 °C are investigated, followed by three various heat treatments. The as-built (AB) alloy consists of cellular/dendrite substructures within columnar grains aligning in <100> crystal orientation. No γ' phase is observed in the AB sample due to the relatively low content of Al +Ti. Following the standard solid solution treatment, the molten pool boundaries and cellular/dendrite substructures disappear, whilst the columnar grains remain. The transformation of columnar grains to equiaxed grains occurs through the primary solid solution treatment due to the recovery and recrystallization process. After aging at 850 °C for 480 min, the carbides in the three samples distributed at grain boundaries and within grains and the spherical γ' phase whose size is about 43 nm ± 16 nm develop in the standard solid solution + aging and primary solid solution + aging samples (SA and PA samples) while the bimodal size of cubic (181 nm ± 85 nm) and spherical (43 nm ± 16 nm) γ' precipitates is presented in the primary solid solution + secondary solid solution + aging sample (PSA samples). The uniaxial tensile tests are carried out at room temperature (RT) and 900 °C. The AB sample has the best RT ductility (~51% of elongation and ~67% of area reduction). Following the three heat treatments, the samples all acquire excellent RT tensile properties (>750 MPa of yield strengths and >32% of elongations). However, clear ductility dips and intergranular fracture modes occur during the 900 °C tensile tests, which could be related to carbide distribution and a change in the deformation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- Industrial Research Institute for Metal Powder Material, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- GRINM Additive Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Wenqian Guo
- GRINM Additive Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Linshan Wang
- Industrial Research Institute for Metal Powder Material, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- GRINM Additive Manufacturing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Shaoming Zhang
- Industrial Research Institute for Metal Powder Material, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Industrial Research Institute for Metal Powder Material, China GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
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Du S, Song Y, He Y, Wei C, Chen R, Guo S, Liang W, Lei S, Liu X. Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy under Heat Treatment and Multi-Axial Forging. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1060. [PMID: 38473531 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of various Ti-6Al-4V alloys are influenced by their respective microstructures. This study generated an ultrafine-grain (UFG) Ti-6Al-4V alloy featuring bimodal grain distribution characteristics achieved through initial heat treatment, multi-axial forging (MF), and annealing. The study also extensively examined the evolution process of the alloy's microstructure. By subjecting the materials to heat treatments at 900 °C with air cooling and 950 °C with air cooling, both materials were found to be consisted of primary α (αp) and transformed β (αs+β) regions with different proportions. Following MF, the sample treated at 900 °C displays a microstructure featuring UFGs of α+β surrounding larger micron-sized αp grains. On the other hand, the sample treated at 950 °C displays a microstructure distinguished by twisted αs lamellar and fragmented β grains surrounding larger micron-sized αp grains. Following annealing, no significant grain growth was observed in the sample. The geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) within the UFGs were eliminated, though some GNDs persisted within the αp grains. The samples undergoing the 900 °C heat treatment, MF, and subsequent annealing exhibited elevated strength (1280 MPa) and total elongation (10.7%). This investigation introduces a novel method for designing the microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy to achieve superior performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Du
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yang Song
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yiting He
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rongyou Chen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shubo Guo
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shengyuan Lei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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16
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Zhang W, Gao H, Liu D, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Kong L. Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Low-Alloy Cylinder Liner. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:802. [PMID: 38399053 PMCID: PMC10890617 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cylinder liners, considered a crucial component of internal combustion (IC) engines, often require excellent mechanical properties to ensure optimal engine performance under elevated temperatures, pressures, and varying loads. In this work, a new low-alloy cylinder liner, incorporating a low content of molybdenum, copper, and chromium into gray cast iron, was fabricated using a centrifugal casting process. Subsequently, the heat treatment processes were designed to achieve bainite microstructures in the cylinder liner through rapid air cooling, isothermal transformation, and tempering. The effects of different air-cooling rates and tempering temperatures on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of cylinder liner were investigated. The results revealed that during the supercooled austenite transformation process, rapid air cooling at a rate of 14.5-23.3 °C/s can effectively bypass the formation of pearlitic structures and directly induce the formation of bainite structures. Once the temperature exceeded 480-520 °C, hardness and tensile strength increased with the temperature increase owing to the enhancement of the lower bainite content, the reduction of residual austenite, and the precipitation of the fine hard carbides in the matrix. With temperatures above 520-550 °C, the carbide and lower bainite organization coarsened, thereby reducing the hardness and tensile strength of the material. Therefore, the optimal heat treatment parameters were rapid cooling at 14.5-23.3 °C/s rate to obtain bainite, and tempering of 480-520 °C for finer and more uniform bainite. In addition, the results of the characterization of the mechanical properties of the cylinder liner after heat treatment showed that the hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance were improved with the refinement of the bainite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China;
| | - Hao Gao
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China;
| | - Dong Liu
- ZYNP International Corporation, Industrial Cluster District, Mengzhou 454750, China; (D.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ying Gao
- ZYNP International Corporation, Industrial Cluster District, Mengzhou 454750, China; (D.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
| | - Lingchao Kong
- Fujian Taiming Casting Pipe Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming 365004, China;
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17
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Wang R, Ding L, Pan Y, Zhang X, Yang M, Zhu C. Ion Implantation Combined with Heat Treatment Enables Excellent Conductivity and Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates for Hydrogen Fuel Cells. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:779. [PMID: 38399030 PMCID: PMC10890527 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
316 L stainless steel is an ideal bipolar plate material for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, the thickening of the passivation film on the stainless steel surface and the dissolution of corrosive ions during operation will affect the durability of the PEMFC. Herein, a heterogeneous layer is prepared on the surface of 316 L stainless steel through dual ion implantation of molybdenum ion and carbon ion combined with heat treatment to promote the corrosion resistance and conductivity of the bipolar plate. The ion implantation technique resulted in a uniform distribution of Mo and C elements on the surface of 316 L stainless steel, with a modified layer depth of about 70-80 nm. The electrical conductivity of the ion implanted samples was significantly improved, and the interfacial contact resistance was reduced from 464.25 mΩ × cm2 to 42.49 mΩ × cm2. Heat treatment enhances the surface homogenization, repairs the defects of irradiation damage, and improves the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. The corrosion current density of (Mo+C)-600 samples decreased from 1.21 × 10-8 A/cm2 to 2.95 × 10-9 A/cm2 under the long-term corrosion condition of 4 h. These results can provide guidance for the modification of stainless steel bipolar plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Wang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (R.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Li Ding
- School of Automotive & Rail Transit, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Yong Pan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (R.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (R.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Meng Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (M.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chengfei Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (M.Y.); (C.Z.)
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Mora-Sanchez H, Collado-Vian M, Mohedano M, Arrabal R, Matykina E. Corrosion of an Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy in Saline and Acidic Media. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:712. [PMID: 38591608 PMCID: PMC10856531 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The present work aims to provide corrosion performance data for an additively manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy in saline and polluted environments. The as-received additively manufactured material underwent heat treatment at 850 °C for 3 h to transform the acicular α' microstructure into a lamellar α microstructure. Comparative corrosion assessments were conducted between the heat-treated substrates, the as-received condition, and a conventionally mill-annealed alloy. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments were carried out in saline (3.5 wt.% NaCl) and acid aqueous media ((NH4)2SO4 containing Harrison's solution). The corrosion performance of additively manufactured substrates matched or surpassed that of the conventional alloy in Harrison's solutions while remaining inferior in saline medium, despite forming a thicker passive film. Overall, the XY plane showed better corrosion performance, particularly after the elimination of the acicular α' martensite by the applied heat treatment. The results also suggested that the presence of the coarse β phase was beneficial in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and detrimental in Harrison's solutions, more so in acidified and fluorinated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Mora-Sanchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-V.); (M.M.); (R.A.); (E.M.)
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Po. Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miguel Collado-Vian
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-V.); (M.M.); (R.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Marta Mohedano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-V.); (M.M.); (R.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Raúl Arrabal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-V.); (M.M.); (R.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Endzhe Matykina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-V.); (M.M.); (R.A.); (E.M.)
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Kim E, Ha JH, Dorn SO, Shen Y, Kim HC, Kwak SW. Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Titanium Instruments. J Endod 2024; 50:213-219. [PMID: 37924940 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the torsional resistance, cyclic fatigue resistance, and bending stiffness of nickel-titanium (NiTi) file systems with different heat treatments and cross-sectional designs. METHODS WaveOne Primary treated with memory-triple (MT) heat treatment (WOMT) was compared with WaveOne Primary (WO) and WaveOne Gold Primary (WOG). Torsional resistance test was performed using a customized device, and the distortion angle, ultimate strength, and toughness were evaluated. For cyclic fatigue resistance test, the instruments were reciprocated with continuous 4 mm up-and-down movement until fracture in a customized device, and the time to fracture was compared. Fracture surfaces of each group were examined under the scanning electron microscope. Bending stiffness was measured using a custom-made device. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey's post hoc comparison at a significance level of 95%. RESULTS WOMT showed higher ultimate strength and toughness than the other systems (P < .05). WOMT also showed highest cyclic fatigue resistance among the tested groups (P < .05). WO had the highest bending stiffness than others, whereas WOMT had a larger residual angle than others (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This new MT heat treatment technique makes NiTi file more flexible and improves its mechanical properties. In addition, the effect of heat treatment on flexibility was found to be more significant than that of the cross-sectional area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung-Hong Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Samuel O Dorn
- Department of Endodontics, West Virginia University, School of Dentistry, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
| | - Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
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Yang J, Wei T, Zhao C, Liang H, Wang Z, Su C. Damping Properties of Selective Laser-Melted Medium Manganese Mn- xCu Alloy. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2024; 11:261-275. [PMID: 38389682 PMCID: PMC10880678 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In this work, selective laser melting (SLM) technology was applied to directly realize the in situ synthesis of medium manganese Mn-xCu (x = 30-40 wt.%) alloys based on the blended elemental powders. The effects of heat treatment on the microstructural evolution and damping properties of the SLMed Mn-xCu alloys were investigated. The metastable miscibility gap was studied by thermodynamic modeling and microhardness measurement. The results showed that γ-(Mn, Cu) phase with dendritic arm spacing (DAS) of 0.9-1.2 μm was the main constituent phase in the as-SLMed alloys, which was one to two orders of magnitude finer than those of the as-cast samples. Aging at 400-480°C for the Mn-30%Cu or 430°C for Mn-40%Cu alloys can induce spinodal decomposition, martensitic transformation, and α-phase precipitation, whose direct evidence was provided for the first time by transmission electron microscopy and 3D atom probe tomography in the work. The miscibility gap obtained from thermodynamics calculation was basically consistent with the microhardness results for the SLMed Mn-xCu alloys. Solution and aging (SA) treatment can improve the microstructure, tensile and damping properties of the SLMed Mn-xCu alloys more obviously than aging treatment. A 2.3-2.8 and 4.3-4.5 times increase was produced in damping capacity in the aged SLMed and SLMed+SAed Mn-xCu samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongbo Wei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyang Zhao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailong Liang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zemin Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenyu Su
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Chebbah D, Elissa N, Nicolas P, Levy V, Vingataramin Y, Bennouna A, Jan J, Izri A, Akhoundi M. Effectiveness of heat treatment in rapid control of bed bugs in environmental conditions resembling their natural habitats. Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:1147-1155. [PMID: 37115096 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2205106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated lethal temperatures and times for killing bed bugs in diverse covered and uncovered conditions simulating their natural habitats. A total of 5400 adult bed bugs were collected alive from 17 infested locations in Paris. They were morphologically identified in laboratory as Cimex lectularius. They were then distributed in multiple sets of 30 specimens to examine in covered (tissue, furniture, mattress or blanket) and uncovered (direct exposure) conditions and in diverse step-function temperatures (50, 55 and 60°C) and times (15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes), replicated three times. Effective mortality was observed in 1080 specimens exposed directly to 50°C for 60 minutes. In specimens covered by tissue (1080 specimens), furniture (1080) or mattress (1080), all were dead at 60°C within 60 minutes. The specimens covered by blanket (1080) at the same temperature were dead after 120 minutes. A 60-minutes delay in reaching to lethal temperature within blanket compared to uncovered thermometer was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Chebbah
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale, Sous-direction de la Santé (SPSE), Mairie de Paris, France
| | - Nohal Elissa
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale, Sous-direction de la Santé (SPSE), Mairie de Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nicolas
- Biochemical Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Vincent Levy
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, CHU Avicenne, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Seine Saint-Denis, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Amal Bennouna
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Julie Jan
- Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) Île-de-France, Paris, France
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE : RAix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
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22
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França e Silva TM, de Queiróz GA, Leal CAG. Experimental Infection and the Effects of Temperature on the Pathogenicity of the Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus in Juvenile Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:452. [PMID: 38338096 PMCID: PMC10854590 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is one of the most important emerging viral pathogens for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming. While prevalent worldwide, it has recently been detected in Brazil. However, despite the importance of the virus and the affected fish species, there are no scientific data on the effects of water temperature on disease pathogenesis in Nile tilapia. In the present study, we conducted two trials using juvenile Nile tilapia over a 15-day period. In trial 1, an experimental infection model was developed based on the intraperitoneal inoculation of active viral homogenates (4.3 × 104 virus fish-1), while control fish were similarly inoculated with inactivated viral homogenates. In trial 2, the fish were maintained at different water temperatures (26, 28, 30, 32, and 34 °C) and then infected with ISKNV. For virus detection, kidney and spleen samples were collected and analyzed by qPCR. Our results show that the disease was successfully reproduced in experimental conditions with active homogenates, with the first signs of the disease appearing on the third day after infection. In addition, a significant reduction in mortality was observed in the groups maintained at higher temperatures (>30 °C). This suggests that a treatment of the disease with non-lethal hyperthermia can be used to control the symptoms and mortality of ISKNV-infected Nile tilapia juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (T.M.F.e.S.); (G.A.d.Q.)
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23
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Sfikas AK, Lekatou AG, Emmanouilidou S, Tsirka K. Corrosion Behavior of As-Cast and Heat-Treated Al-Co Alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:655. [PMID: 38591531 PMCID: PMC10856006 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The present work evaluates the effect of Co content on the microstructure and corrosion performance of Al-Co alloys of various compositions (2-32 wt% Co), fabricated by flux-assisted stir casting. A preliminary investigation on the effect of heat treatment (600 °C, up to 72 h) on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al-20 wt% Co and Al-32 wt% Co was also conducted. The Al- (2-10) wt% Co alloys were composed of acicular Al9Co2 particles uniformly dispersed in an Al matrix. The Al-20 wt% Co and Al-32 wt% Co alloys additionally contained Al13Co4 blades enveloped in Al9Co2 wedges. Heat treatment of Al-20 wt% Co and Al-32 wt% Co led to a significant reduction in the volume fraction of Al13Co4 and a decrease in hardness. Al-Co alloys with high Co content (10-32 wt% Co) exhibited greater resistance to localized corrosion in 3.5 wt% NaCl, but lower resistance to general corrosion compared to the (0-5 wt% Co) alloys. Heat treatment led to a slight increase in the corrosion resistance of the Al-Co alloys. The microstructure of the produced alloys was analyzed and correlated with the corrosion performance. Finally, corrosion mechanisms were formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios K. Sfikas
- Laboratory of Applied Metallurgy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Angeliki G. Lekatou
- Laboratory of Applied Metallurgy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.S.); (S.E.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Centre of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sevasti Emmanouilidou
- Laboratory of Applied Metallurgy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Kyriaki Tsirka
- Composites and Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
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24
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Zaharia SM, Lancea C, Kruk A, Cempura G, Gruszczyński A, Chicos LA, Pop MA. Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Inconel 718 Lattice Structures Produced by Selective Laser Melting Process. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:622. [PMID: 38591450 PMCID: PMC10856450 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This article presents the results of an analysis regarding the microstructure, mechanical strength, and microhardness of two kinds of samples built through selective laser melting with Inconel 718, the most frequently used alloy in metal additive manufacturing due to its excellent mechanical properties. The sample geometry was made up of two types of lattice structures with spherical and hyperbolical stiffness elements. The goals of these studies are to determine how homogenization heat treatment influences the microhardness and the mechanical properties of the specimens and to identify the structure with the best mechanical properties. The analysis showed that heat treatment was beneficial because the regular dendritic structure disappears, the δ phase precipitates at the grain boundaries, and both the γ and γ″ phases dissolve. It has also been shown that the structures with hyperbolical stiffness elements have better compressive strength than the structures with the elliptical structures, with a 47.6% increase for the as-fabricated structures and an approximate 50% increase for the heat-treated structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian-Marian Zaharia
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (S.-M.Z.); (L.-A.C.)
| | - Camil Lancea
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (S.-M.Z.); (L.-A.C.)
| | - Adam Kruk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (G.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Cempura
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (G.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Adam Gruszczyński
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (G.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Lucia-Antoneta Chicos
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (S.-M.Z.); (L.-A.C.)
| | - Mihai Alin Pop
- Department of Materials Science, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania;
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De S, Banerjee S, Banerjee S. Managing Postharvest Losses of Vegetables and Fruits: A Methodological Review. Recent Adv Food Nutr Agric 2024; 15:RAFNA-EPUB-138035. [PMID: 38284698 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x280698231221203313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Vegetables and fruits are highly perishable agricultural commodities cultivated all over the world. However, inadequate handling practices have led to significant postharvest losses of these agricultural commodities, as well as the wastage of valuable resources, such as time and money. Hence, it can be observed that cultivators often experience significant financial setbacks as a result of inadequate comprehension regarding the nature and origins of these losses, insufficient preservation practices, and ineffective approaches to transportation and marketing. In addition, the utilization of suitable chemical agents during both the pre- and postharvest phases has the potential to prolong the shelf life of agricultural products. This preservation technique safeguards vegetables and fruits from pathogenic organisms and other forms of environmental harm, thereby enabling their availability for an extended duration. Therefore, this review proposes a methodology for managing fruits and vegetables postharvest to minimize losses and optimize returns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav De
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol-713301, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol-713301, West Bengal, India
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26
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Chien YC, Yang TC. Properties of Heat-Treated Wood Fiber-Polylactic Acid Composite Filaments and 3D-Printed Parts Using Fused Filament Fabrication. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:302. [PMID: 38276711 PMCID: PMC10820929 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Wood fibers (WFs) were treated at a fixed heat temperature (180 °C) for 2-6 h and added to a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix to produce wood-PLA composite (WPC) filaments. Additionally, the effects of the heat-treated WFs on the physicomechanical properties and impact strength of the WPC filaments and 3D-printed WPC parts using fused filament fabrication (FFF) were examined. The results revealed that heat-treated WFs caused an increase in crystallinity and a significant reduction in the number of pores on the failure cross section of the WPC filament, resulting in a higher tensile modulus and lower elongation at break. Additionally, the printed WPC parts with heat-treated WFs had higher tensile strength and lower water absorption compared to untreated WPC parts. However, most of the mechanical properties and impact strength of 3D-printed WPC parts were not significantly influenced by adding heat-treated WFs. As described above, at the fixed fiber addition amount, adding heat-treated WFs improved the dimensional stability of the WPC parts and it enabled a high retention ratio of mechanical properties and impact strength of the WPC parts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teng-Chun Yang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
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27
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Zhuang H, Shen J, Yu M, An X, Hu J. Mechanism Analysis for the Enhancement of Low-Temperature Impact Toughness of Nodular Cast Iron by Heat Treatment. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:513. [PMID: 38276453 PMCID: PMC10819957 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The low-temperature impact toughness of nodular cast iron can be significantly enhanced by heat treatment, and thus meet the severe service requirements in the fields of high-speed rail and power generation, etc. In order to explore the enhancement mechanism, microstructure, hardness, composition and other characteristics of as-cast and heat-treated nodular cast iron is systematically tested and compared by optical microscopy, microhardness tester, EBSD, SEM, electron probe, and impact toughness testing machine in this study. The results show that heat treatment has little effect on the morphology and size of graphite in nodular cast iron, ignores the effect on the grain size, morphology, and distribution of ferritic matrix, and has little effect on the hardness and exchange of elements, while it is meaningful to find that heat treatment brings about significant decrease in high-angle grain boundaries (HAGB) between 59° and 60°, decreasing from 10% to 3%. Therefore, the significant enhancement of low-temperature impact toughness of nodular cast iron by heat treatment may result from the obvious decrease in HAGB between 59° and 60°, instead of other reasons. From this perspective, the study can provide novel ideas for optimizing the heat treatment process of nodular cast iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials Surface Science and Technology, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.S.); (X.A.)
- Huaide College, Changzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - Jiahui Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials Surface Science and Technology, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.S.); (X.A.)
| | - Minhua Yu
- Integrated Management Department, Jiangsu Shuangliang Boiler Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214444, China;
| | - Xulong An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials Surface Science and Technology, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.S.); (X.A.)
- Huaide College, Changzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials Surface Science and Technology, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (H.Z.); (J.S.); (X.A.)
- Huaide College, Changzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, China
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28
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Jerry EM, Karnaneedi S, Ruethers T, Jerry DR, Condon K, Lopata AL. Allergen Diversity and Abundance in Different Tissues of the Redclaw Crayfish ( Cherax quadricarinatus). Foods 2024; 13:315. [PMID: 38275682 PMCID: PMC10815050 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Shellfish allergy affects ~2.5% of the global population and is a type I immune response resulting from exposure to crustacean and/or molluscan proteins. The Australian Redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is a freshwater species endemic to and farmed in northern Australia and is becoming an aquaculture species of interest globally. Despite being consumed as food, allergenic proteins from redclaw have not been identified or characterised. In addition, as different body parts are often consumed, it is conceivable that redclaw tissues vary in allergenicity depending on tissue type and function. To better understand food-derived allergenicity, this study characterised allergenic proteins in various redclaw body tissues (the tail, claw, and cephalothorax) and how the stability of allergenic proteins was affected through cooking (raw vs. cooked tissues). The potential of redclaw allergens to cross-react and cause IgE-binding in patients allergic to other shellfish (i.e., shrimp) was also investigated. Raw and cooked extracts were prepared from each body part. SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting was performed to determine allergen-specific antibody reactivity to sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein and hemocyanin, as well as to identify redclaw proteins binding to IgE antibodies from individual and pooled sera of shrimp-allergic patients. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was utilised to identify proteins and to determine the proportion within extracts. Known crustacean allergens were found in all tissues, with a variation in tissue distribution (e.g., higher levels of hemocyanin in the claw and cephalothorax than in the tail). The proportion of some allergens as a percentage of remaining heat-stable proteins increased in cooked tissues. Previously described heat-stable allergens (i.e., hemocyanin and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein) were found to be partially heat-labile. Immunoblotting indicated that shrimp-allergic patients cross-react to redclaw allergens. IgE-binding bands, analysed by LC/MS, identified up to 11 known shellfish allergens. The findings of this study provide fundamental knowledge into the diagnostic and therapeutic field of shellfish allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Jerry
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (E.M.J.); (S.K.); (T.R.)
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Supercharging Tropical Aquaculture through Genetic Solutions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (D.R.J.); (K.C.)
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- JCU AquaPATH Detection Laboratory, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia
| | - Shaymaviswanathan Karnaneedi
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (E.M.J.); (S.K.); (T.R.)
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thimo Ruethers
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (E.M.J.); (S.K.); (T.R.)
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore
| | - Dean R. Jerry
- ARC Research Hub for Supercharging Tropical Aquaculture through Genetic Solutions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (D.R.J.); (K.C.)
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- JCU AquaPATH Detection Laboratory, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore
| | - Kelly Condon
- ARC Research Hub for Supercharging Tropical Aquaculture through Genetic Solutions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (D.R.J.); (K.C.)
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- JCU AquaPATH Detection Laboratory, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia
| | - Andreas L. Lopata
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (E.M.J.); (S.K.); (T.R.)
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Supercharging Tropical Aquaculture through Genetic Solutions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (D.R.J.); (K.C.)
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore
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Verma V, Singh S, Pal K. Comprehensive Study on the Age-Strengthened Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca/ZnO Composites for Fracture Fixation: Microstructure, Mechanical, and In Vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:203-219. [PMID: 38176074 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The present work investigates the use of age-strengthened Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca/xZnO as resorbable materials in temporary orthopedic implants. Quaternary Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloy, reinforced with zinc oxide particles, was stir-cast, followed by solution treatment and a range of aging treatments. Optical and electron microscopy, mechanical, electrochemical, immersion, and dynamic mechanical testing, with biocompatibility assessment were carried out. The observed 2θ shift in the (101) peaks of ZMX611/ZnO-ST and ZMX611/ZnO-H indicated lattice shrinkage. The formation of Mg7Zn3 and Ca2Mg6Zn3 in the grain boundary compositions was observed. ZMX611/ZnO-ST had a smaller β-phase fraction, indicating a finer microstructure. ZMX611/ZnO-H had the highest tensile yield strength (102.97 ± 3.92 MPa), and ZMX611/ZnO-ST showed the highest ultimate tensile strength (127.21 ± 7.48 MPa), indicating precipitation hardening of Zn enrichment. The uniformly dispersed secondary phases played a dual role in corrosion behavior. ZMX611/ZnO-ST showed a better cytocompatibility response among all samples. Composite materials exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility and mechanical compatibility as indicated by in silico results of deviatoric strain-based mechanical stimuli at the fracture interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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30
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Kim SH, Roy PK, Jeon EB, Kim JS, Heu MS, Lee JS, Park SY. Inactivation of Human Norovirus GII.4's Infectivity in Fresh Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas) through Thermal Treatment in Association with Propidium Monoazide. Viruses 2024; 16:110. [PMID: 38257810 PMCID: PMC10821128 DOI: 10.3390/v16010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of heat treatment (85 °C or 100 °C for 5-20 min) on human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.4's capsid stability in fresh oysters. In addition, propidium monoazide (PMA) was used in viral samples to distinguish infectious viruses and evaluated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Further, we explored the effect of the heat treatment on oyster quality (Hunter color and hardness). The titer of HuNoV for oysters significantly (p < 0.05) decreased to 0.39-1.32 and 0.93-2.27 log10 copy number/μL in the non-PMA and PMA-treated groups, respectively, after heat treatment. HuNoV in oysters not treated with PMA showed a decrease of <1.5 - log10, whereas in PMA-treated oysters, a decrease of >1 - log10 was observed after treatment at 85 °C for 10 min. Treatments for both 15 min and 20 min at 100 °C showed a >99% log10 reduction using PMA/RT-qPCR. In the Hunter color, an increase in heat temperature and duration was associated with a significant decrease in 'L' (brightness+, darkness-) and an increase in 'a' (redness+, greenness-) and 'b' (yellowness+, blueness-) (p < 0.05). Our findings confirmed that the hardness of oyster meat significantly increased with increasing temperature and time (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that PMA/RT-qPCR was effective in distinguishing HuNoV viability in heat-treated oysters. The optimal heat treatment for oysters was 10 min at 85 °C and 5 min at 100 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Pantu Kumar Roy
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Eun Bi Jeon
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Min Soo Heu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Suck Lee
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Shin Young Park
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (P.K.R.); (E.B.J.); (J.-S.K.)
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Barrantes Murillo DF, Moye A, Wang C. Heat Treatment Augments Antigen Detection of Dirofilaria immitis in Apparently Healthy Companion Dogs (3.8% to 7.3%): Insights from a Large-Scale Nationwide Survey across the United States. Pathogens 2024; 13:56. [PMID: 38251363 PMCID: PMC10818916 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heartworm disease (HWD) is a vector-borne disease caused by the filarial nematode Dirofilaria immitis. Low antigen levels caused by immune complex formation preclude HWD diagnosis. Heat treatment is an immune complex dissociation technique used to enhance antigen detection. Only a few studies have reported the benefits of heat treatment in nationwide surveys. METHODS To investigate the impact of heat treatment on the seroprevalence of HWD in companion dogs in the USA, serum samples (n = 3253) were analyzed for D. immitis antigen (DiroCHEK®, Zoetis) without and with heat treatment of the samples. RESULTS Compared to sera without heat treatment, heat treatment significantly increased overall prevalence from 3.8% (123/3253) to 7.3% (237/3253) (p < 10-4), expanding antigen detection from 32 to 39 of the 48 states and Washington District of Columbia included in this study. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the largest nationwide survey of HW antigen detection in dogs in the US applying heat treatment to canine sera. The heat treatment used herein has the advantage of requiring a low volume of serum, making it optimal for use in routine diagnosis. Heat treatment should be used routinely by reference laboratories and veterinary clinics in patients with a negative initial test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Moye
- College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
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Trzaska J, Sitek W. A Hybrid Method for Calculating the Chemical Composition of Steel with the Required Hardness after Cooling from the Austenitizing Temperature. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:97. [PMID: 38203951 PMCID: PMC10779790 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The article presents a hybrid method for calculating the chemical composition of steel with the required hardness after cooling from the austenitizing temperature. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic algorithms (GAs) were used to develop the model. Based on 550 diagrams of continuous cooling transformation (CCT) of structural steels available in the literature, a dataset of experimental data was created. Artificial neural networks were used to develop a hardness model describing the relationship between the chemical composition of the steel, the austenitizing temperature, and the hardness of the steel after cooling. A genetic algorithm was used to identify the chemical composition of the steel with the required hardness. The value of the objective function was calculated using the neural network model. The developed method for identifying the chemical composition was implemented in a computer application. Examples of calculations of mass concentrations of steel elements with the required hardness after cooling from the austenitizing temperature are presented. The model proposed in this study can be a valuable tool to support chemical composition design by reducing the number of experiments and minimizing research costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Trzaska
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sitek
- Scientific and Didactic Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Material Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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Pulido-González N, García-Rodríguez S, Torres B, Rams J. Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Heat-Treated Mg-1Zn-1Ca Alloy for Biomedical Applications. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:70. [PMID: 38203923 PMCID: PMC10779524 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The microstructure and wear properties of a Mg-1wt.% Zn-1wt.% Ca (ZX11) alloy with different heat treatments have been investigated. The ZX11 alloy was tested in the as-cast state and after different heat treatment conditions: solution-treated (at 450 °C for 24 h), peak-aged (solution-treated + aged at 180 °C for 3 h), and over-aged (solution-treated + aged at 180 °C for 24 h). The microstructure of the as-cast sample showed a continuous intermetallic phase at the grain boundaries, while the heat-treated samples exhibited discrete precipitated particles within the grains. To evaluate the wear behavior, the samples were tested using a pin-on-disc configuration, where the wear rates and friction coefficients were measured at different loads and sliding speeds. An AZ31 magnesium alloy was used as the counterbody. The worn surfaces and the wear debris were studied to identify the main wear mechanisms corresponding to each test condition. The results indicated the presence of abrasion, oxidation, and adhesive wear mechanisms in all testing conditions. In the as-cast state, delamination and plastic deformation were the dominant wear mechanisms, while they were less relevant in the heat-treated conditions. The peak-aged samples exhibited the lowest wear rates, suggesting that modifying the distribution of intermetallic precipitates contributed to enhancing the wear resistance of the alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Belén Torres
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales y Tecnología Electrónica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (S.G.-R.); (J.R.)
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Li Z, Li X, Zhang X, Li X, Wen W, Wang X. Effect of Starch on the Solubility of Quinoa Protein Isolates during Heat Treatment. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:20285-20294. [PMID: 37971378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in developing quinoa products due to their unique nutritional value. Starch and protein are the primary components in quinoa, and the interaction between them affects the quality of quinoa products. This study extracted the starch and protein from quinoa and simulated the thermal processing of quinoa to investigate the effects of starch on the solubility and structure of quinoa protein isolates during heat treatment. The structure of quinoa protein isolates was characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser particle size analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that starch decreased protein solubility, and the maximum solubility was obtained after heating for 5 min. After starch addition during heat treatment, the surface charge distribution of protein changed, the degree of protein aggregation increased, the particle size of proteins increased, the thermal stability increased, and the β-sheet ratio of the proteins increased, suggesting that the protein structure is more ordered, which is the structural foundation of protein solubility decreasing. The research about the interaction between starch and protein and the effects on the solubility of protein could provide a reference for quinoa products processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanrong Li
- Food Science and Engineering College, Shanxi Agriculture University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- Food Science and Engineering College, Shanxi Agriculture University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Food Science and Engineering College, Shanxi Agriculture University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Food Science and Engineering College, Shanxi Agriculture University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Wen
- Food Science and Engineering College, Shanxi Agriculture University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
- Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, No. 81 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Food Science and Engineering College, Shanxi Agriculture University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
- Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, No. 81 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P. R. China
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35
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Li X, Li C, Yang Q. The Effect of Heat Treatment after Hydrothermal Reaction on the Lithium Storage Performance of a MoS 2/Carbon Cloth Composite. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7678. [PMID: 38138820 PMCID: PMC10745091 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 1T phase MoS2 nanosheets were synthesized on the surface of a carbon cloth via a hydrothermal reaction. After heat treatment, the 1T phase MoS2 was transformed into the 2H phase with a better capacity retention performance. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, 2H phase MoS2 on the carbon cloth surface delivers a capacity of 1075 mAh g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A g-1 after 50 cycles; while the capacity of the 1T phase MoS2 on the surface of the carbon cloth without heat treatment fades to 528 mAh g-1. The good conductivity of a carbon cloth substrate and the separated MoS2 nanosheets help to increase the capacity of MoS2 and decrease its charge transfer resistance and promote the diffusion of lithium ions in the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chonggui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
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36
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Rahmati R, Salari M, Ashouri-Sanjani M, Salehi A, Hamidinejad M, Park CB. Comparative Effects of Hydrazine and Thermal Reduction Methods on Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Characteristics in Foamed Titanium Carbonitride MXene Films. Small 2023:e2308320. [PMID: 38105422 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need for the development of micro-thin shields against electromagnetic interference (EMI) has sparked interest in MXene materials owing to their metallic electrical conductivity and ease of film processing. Meanwhile, postprocessing treatments can potentially exert profound impacts on their shielding effectiveness (SE). This work comprehensively compares two reduction methods, hydrazine versus thermal, to fabricate foamed titanium carbonitride (Ti3 CNTx ) MXene films for efficient EMI shielding. Upon treatment of ≈ 100 µm-thick MXene films, gaseous transformations of oxygen-containing surface groups induce highly porous structures (up to ≈ 74.0% porosity). The controlled application of hydrazine and heat allows precise regulation of the reduction processes, enabling tailored control over the morphology, thickness, chemistry, and electrical properties of the MXene films. Accordingly, the EMI SE values are theoretically and experimentally determined. The treated MXene films exhibit significantly enhanced SE values compared to the pristine MXene film (≈ 52.2 dB), with ≈ 38% and ≈ 83% maximum improvements for the hydrazine and heat-treated samples, respectively. Particularly, heat treatment is more effective in terms of this enhancement such that an SE of 118.4 dB is achieved at 14.3 GHz, unprecedented for synthetic materials. Overall, the findings of this work hold significant practical implications for advancing high-performance, non-metallic EMI shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahmati
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Meysam Salari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mehran Ashouri-Sanjani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Amirmehdi Salehi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mahdi Hamidinejad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
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37
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Orłowska M, Pańcikiewicz K, Świerczyńska A, Landowski M. Kinetics of Intermetallic Phase Precipitation in Manual Metal Arc Welded Duplex Stainless Steels. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7628. [PMID: 38138770 PMCID: PMC10744601 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the influence of heat treatment on the kinetics of transformations in lean duplex LDX2101 steel and a weld made of standard duplex 2209 material, which was welded by manual metal arc welding. Changes in the microstructure, hardness, and magnetic phase content were analyzed after heat treatment was conducted at a temperature of 800 °C for a period ranging from 15 to 1440 min. Light and scanning microscopy, Vickers hardness measurements, and magnetic phase content measurements using a ferritoscope were used for the research. In the LDX2101 steel, the presence of δ-ferrite and γ austenite was identified and additional Cr2N nitrides were observed in the heat-affected zone. After heat treatment, the decomposition of δ ferrite into γ2 austenite and Cr2N nitrides was observed in both areas. In the case of weld made by the coated electrode in 2209 grade, a ferritic-austenitic microstructure with allotriomorphic austenite (γA), Widmanstätten austenite (γW), and idiomorphic austenite (γI) and δ-ferrite area with "bee swarms" of fine precipitations of chromium nitrides Cr2N and non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) of slag, formed during the welding process, are observed in the as-welded state. After heat treatment, the presence of the χ phase (after 15 min of annealing) and the σ phase (after 120 min of annealing) was additionally identified. The kinetics of intermetallic phase evolution in welds made from 2209 material were presented. The obtained results of hardness measurements and metallographic tests were correlated, which allowed for a quick check of the precipitation processes on the used element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Orłowska
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pańcikiewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Świerczyńska
- Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.L.)
| | - Michał Landowski
- Institute of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.L.)
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38
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Youssef M, El-Shenawy EH, Khair-Eldeen W, Adachi T, Nofal A, Hassan MA. The Influences of Nb Microalloying and Grain Refinement Thermal Cycling on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Armox 500T. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7485. [PMID: 38068229 PMCID: PMC10707768 DOI: 10.3390/ma16237485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the combined effect of niobium (Nb) microalloying and austenite grain refinement, using a specific heat treatment cycle, on the microstructure and tribological properties of Armox 500T steel. In this work, Nb addition and thermal cycling were utilized for grain refinement and enhancement of the mechanical properties of Armox 500T alloy, to provide improved protection via lightweight armor steel components with a high strength-to-weight ratio. The kinetics of transformation of the developed Armox alloys were studied using JMATPro version 13.2. The samples were subjected to two austenitizing temperatures, 1000 °C and 1100 °C, followed by 4 min of holding time and three consecutive thermal and rapid-quenching processes from 900 °C to room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) was employed to analyze the microstructure, which primarily consists of four types of martensite: short and long lath martensite, blocky martensite, and equiaxed martensite. Additionally, a small percentage (not exceeding 3%) of carbide precipitates was observed. The wear characteristics of the investigated alloys were evaluated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The results demonstrate that alloying with Nb and grain refinement using a thermal cycle significantly reduce the wear rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Youssef
- School of Innovative Design Engineering (IDE), Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
- Metal Casting Department, Manufacturing Technology Institute, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo 11912, Egypt;
| | - Eman H. El-Shenawy
- Plastic Deformation Department, Metal Technology Institute, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo 11912, Egypt;
| | - Wael Khair-Eldeen
- School of Innovative Design Engineering (IDE), Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Tadaharu Adachi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology (TUT), Aichi 441-8122, Japan;
| | - Adel Nofal
- Metal Casting Department, Manufacturing Technology Institute, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo 11912, Egypt;
| | - Mohsen A. Hassan
- School of Innovative Design Engineering (IDE), Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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Wu J, Zhang J, Ni W, Xu X, George MS, Lu G. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Quality and Soft Rot Resistance of Sweet Potato during Long-Term Storage. Foods 2023; 12:4352. [PMID: 38231861 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat treatment is a widely applied technique in the preservation of fruits and vegetables, effectively addressing issues such as disease management, rot prevention, and browning. In this study, we investigated the impact of heat treatment at 35 °C for 24 h on the quality characteristics and disease resistance of two sweet potato varieties, P32/P (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv 'Pushu13') and Xinxiang (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv 'Xinxiang'). The growth in vitro and reproduction of Rhizopus stolonifer were significantly inhibited at 35 °C. However, it resumed when returned to suitable growth conditions. The heat treatment (at 35 °C for 24 h) was found to mitigate nutrient loss during storage while enhancing the structural characteristics and free radical scavenging capacity of sweet potato. Additionally, it led to increased enzyme activities for APX, PPO, and POD, alongside decreased activities for Cx and PG, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of sweet potato against soft rot. As a result, the heat treatment provided a theoretical basis for the prevention of sweet potato soft rot and had guiding significance for improving the resistance against sweet potato soft rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Wu
- Institute of Root and Tuber Crops, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jingzhen Zhang
- Institute of Root and Tuber Crops, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenrong Ni
- Institute of Root and Tuber Crops, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Institute of Root and Tuber Crops, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Melvin Sidikie George
- Crop Science Department, Njala University, Njala Campus, Private Mail Bag, Freetown 999127, Sierra Leone
| | - Guoquan Lu
- Institute of Root and Tuber Crops, The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Lu J, Zhu T, Dai Y, Xing L, Jinqi L, Zhou S, Kong C. The effect of heat treatment on the lactosylation of milk proteins. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8321-8330. [PMID: 37641337 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein lactosylation is a significant modification that occurs during the heat treatment of dairy products, causing changes in proteins' physical-chemical and nutritional properties. Knowledge of the detailed lactosylation information on milk proteins under various heat treatments is important for selecting appropriate thermo-processing and identifying markers to monitor heat load in dairy products. In the present study, we used proteomics techniques to investigate lactosylated proteins under different heating temperatures. We observed a total of 123 lactosylated lysines in 65 proteins, with lactosylation even occurring in raw milk. The number of lactosylated lysines and proteins increased moderately at 75°C to 130°C, but dramatically at 140°C. We found that 6 out of 10, 9 out of 16, 6 out of 12, and 5 out of 15 lysine residues in κ-casein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, and αS1-casein, respectively, were lactosylated under the applied heating treatment. Moreover, different lactosylation states of individual lysines and proteins can indicate the intensity of heating processes. Lactosylation of K14 in β-lactoglobulin could distinguish pasteurized and UHT milk, while lactosylation of lactotransferrin can reflect moderate heat treatment of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Tong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lina Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liu Jinqi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chunli Kong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Weissheimer T, Duarte MAH, Só MVR, da Rosa RA, Espinosa MK, Vivan RR, Alcalde MP. Evaluation of cyclic and torsional fatigue resistance of several heat-treated reciprocating nickel-titanium instruments. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:524-529. [PMID: 37439395 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance of Unicone Plus (UCP 25.06), Unicone (UC 25.06), Reciproc Blue (RB 25.08) and Wave One Gold (WOG 25.07) performed at body temperature (35° ± 1°C). Time and number of cycles to fracture (NCF), as well as torque and angular deflection were recorded. Fractured surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak's tests for multiple comparison. The RB had a significantly higher time to fracture, followed by the WOG and UCP (p < 0.05). Regarding the NCF, there was no significantly difference between RB and WOG (p > 0.05). UC presented highest torque values and the lowest angular deflection (p < 0.05). SEM analysis demonstrated typical failures features in both cyclic and torsional fatigue tests. Overall, UC had the lowest time, NCF and angular deflection at fracture. RB presented the highest time to fracture and angular deflection values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoro Weissheimer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Húngaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michel Klymus Espinosa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Murilo Priori Alcalde
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Wu S, Li X, Jiang J, Huang H, Cheng X, Li G, Shan Y, Zhu X. Reveal the relationship between the quality and the cuticle composition of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) by postharvest heat treatment. J Food Sci 2023; 88:4879-4891. [PMID: 37876294 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of heat treatment (HT) on Satsuma mandarin fruit's postharvest quality and cuticle composition, we immersed the fruit for 3 min in hot water at 52°C and subsequently stored them at room temperature (25°C) for 28 days, and fruit quality parameters, such as good fruit rate, weight loss rate, firmness, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid content, were monitored. Additionally, changes in the peel's cuticle composition were analyzed, and wax crystal morphologies on the fruit surface were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings revealed that appropriate HT effectively preserved fruit quality. The main compositions of wax and cutin on the fruit's surface remained consistent between the HT and the CK during storage. The total content of wax and cutin initially increased, peaking on the 14th day of storage, and then decreased, falling below the levels observed on day 0. Notably, the total amount of cutin in the HT group exceeded that of the control group. Specifically, ω-hydroxy fatty acids with mid-chain oxo groups and mid-oh-ω-hydroxy fatty acids constituted approximately 90% of the total cutin content. Moreover, the HT group exhibited higher (p < 0.05) total wax content in relation to the control. Fatty acids and alkanes were the predominant components, accounting for approximately 87.5% of the total wax. SEM analysis demonstrated that HT caused wax crystals to melt and redistribute, effectively filling wax gaps. It suggests that HT holds promising potential as a green, safe, and eco-friendly commercial treatment for preserving the postharvest quality of Satsuma mandarin. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, Satsuma citrus (Citrus unshiu) underwent heat treatment (HT) and was subsequently preserved at room temperature (25°C) for 28 days. The findings revealed that HT significantly improved fruit quality compared to the control group. These findings provide valuable insights into the advancement of eco-friendly and pollution-free citrus preservation methods, offering essential strategies and process parameters for their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomei Cheng
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Laboratory on Fruits and Vegetables Processing Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
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Hai D, Jiang H, Meng Z, Qiao M, Xu T, Song L, Huang X. The Impact of High Temperature on Microbial Communities in Pork and Duck Skin. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2869. [PMID: 38138014 PMCID: PMC10746068 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pork skin and duck skin are highly favored by consumers in China, and high-temperature processing methods are widely employed in cooking and food preparation. However, the influence of high-temperature treatment on the microbial communities within pork skin and duck skin remains unclear. In this study, a high-temperature treatment method simulating the cooking process was utilized to treat samples of pork skin and duck skin at temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C. The findings revealed that high-temperature treatment significantly altered the microbial communities in both pork skin and duck skin. Heat exposure resulted in a decrease in microbial diversity and induced changes in the relative abundance of specific microbial groups. In pork skin, high-temperature treatment led to a reduction in bacterial diversity and a decline in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Similarly, the relative abundance of microbial communities in duck skin also decreased. Furthermore, potential pathogenic bacteria, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative anaerobic bacteria, exhibited different responses to high-temperature treatment in pork skin and duck skin. These findings highlighted the substantial impact of high-temperature processing on the composition and structure of microbial communities in pork skin and duck skin, potentially influencing food safety and quality. This study contributed to an enhanced understanding of the microbial mechanisms underlying the alterations in microbial communities during high-temperature processing of pork skin and duck skin, with significant implications for ensuring food safety and developing effective cooking techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (H.J.); (Z.M.); (M.Q.); (T.X.); (L.S.)
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haisheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (H.J.); (Z.M.); (M.Q.); (T.X.); (L.S.)
| | - Ziheng Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (H.J.); (Z.M.); (M.Q.); (T.X.); (L.S.)
| | - Mingwu Qiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (H.J.); (Z.M.); (M.Q.); (T.X.); (L.S.)
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (H.J.); (Z.M.); (M.Q.); (T.X.); (L.S.)
| | - Lianjun Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (H.J.); (Z.M.); (M.Q.); (T.X.); (L.S.)
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.H.); (H.J.); (Z.M.); (M.Q.); (T.X.); (L.S.)
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Im S, Jones OG, Choi SJ. Fabrication of Whey Protein Isolate-Pectin Nanoparticles by Thermal Treatment: Effect of Dynamic High-Pressure Treatment. Foods 2023; 12:4217. [PMID: 38231650 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of dynamic high-pressure (DHP) treatment on the ability of whey protein isolate (WPI) to form associative complexes with pectin and to form aggregate particles after their subsequent heat treatment. Light scattering showed that DHP treatments disrupted preexisting WPI aggregates and assembled pectin chains. Complexes formed from WPI/pectin mixtures at pH 4.5 were an order of magnitude smaller when formed after DHP treatment, regardless of the degree of esterification. WPI/pectin complexes formed after DHP treatment were more stable against subsequent pH neutralization than complexes formed without DHP treatment, and WPI/high-methoxyl pectin (HMP) complexes had greater stability than WPI/low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) complexes. WPI/pectin particles prepared by thermal treatment of complexes at pH 4.5 were also smaller when prepared after DHP treatment. WPI/HMP particles were stable to subsequent pH neutralization, while WPI/LMP particles became larger after neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon Im
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Owen Griffith Jones
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
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El-Hadad S, Elsayed A, Shi B, Attia H. Experimental Investigation on Machinability of α/β Titanium Alloys with Different Microstructures. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7157. [PMID: 38005085 PMCID: PMC10673028 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) and Ti-6Al-7Nb (Ti67) alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting. The produced samples were then subjected to different heat treatment regimes. The evolved microstructures and their corresponding hardness were investigated. Computerized drilling tests using TiAlN-coated high-speed steel bits were performed to assess the machinability of the prepared specimen regarding cutting force, tool wear, and thickness of the deformed layer. It was observed that Ti64 specimens that were water quenched from either α/β or β range contained martensitic phase. In Ti67, samples showed martensite only when water quenched from the β-phase range (1070 °C). Formation of martensite resulted in higher hardness and hence led to higher cutting forces and increased tool wear during the drilling process. Machined samples with higher hardness formed a thicker subsurface deformation area (white layer) and increased burr heights. Surface roughness in Ti64 workpieces was generally higher compared to Ti67 specimens. The coat of the drilling bit was partially attacked in the as-cast specimens, which was evident by elemental N on the machining chips. The machining tool deteriorated further by increasing the workpiece hardness through martensitic formation, where elements such as Cr, V, Fe, etc. that came from the tool steel were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa El-Hadad
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Helwan P.O. Box 87, Egypt;
| | - Ayman Elsayed
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Helwan P.O. Box 87, Egypt;
| | - Bin Shi
- National Research Council, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (B.S.); or (H.A.)
| | - Helmi Attia
- National Research Council, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (B.S.); or (H.A.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
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Cao J, Wu X, Su C, Jia H, Sun Y. Processing and Properties of Single-Crystal Copper Wire. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:2080. [PMID: 38004937 PMCID: PMC10673191 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of drawing parameters and annealing process on the properties and microstructure of single crystal copper wire are studied using a wire-drawing machine, heat-treatment equipment, microcomputer-controlled electronic universal tester, resistance tester, and scanning electron microscope. The results show that, after drawing the single-crystal copper wire with a single-pass deformation of 14%, the grains elongate along the tensile direction, tensile strength increases from 500.83 MPa to 615.5 Mpa, and resistivity changes from 1.745 × 10-8 Ω·m to 1.732 × 10-8 Ω·m. After drawing at a drawing rate of 500 m/min, the degree of grain refinement increases and tensile strength increases from 615.5 Mpa to 660.26 Mpa. When a copper wire of Φ0.08 mm is annealed, its tensile strength decreases from 660.26 Mpa to 224.7 Mpa, and elongation increases from 1.494% to 19.87% when the annealing temperature increases to 400 °C. When the annealing temperature increases to 550 °C, the tensile strength and elongation decrease to 214.4 MPa and 12.18%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; (X.W.); (C.S.); (H.J.); (Y.S.)
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Wang L, Wang F, Ayisen S, Ren T, Luo X, Wang P. Enhancing the mechanical properties and surface morphology of individualized Ti-mesh fabricated through additive manufacturing for the treatment of alveolar bone defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1284359. [PMID: 38026903 PMCID: PMC10657841 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1284359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium meshes are widely utilized in alveolar bone augmentation, and this study aims to enhance the properties of titanium meshes through heat treatment (HT) and the synergistic finishing technology of electric field and flow field (EFSF). Our findings illustrate that the titanium mesh exhibits improved mechanical properties following HT treatment. The innovative EFSF technique, in combination with HT, has a substantial impact on improving the surface properties of titanium meshes. HT initiates grain fusion and reduces surface pores, resulting in enhanced tensile and elongation properties. EFSF further enhances these improvements by significantly reducing surface roughness and eliminating adhered titanium powder, a byproduct of selective laser melting printing. Increased hydrophilicity and surface-free energy are achieved after EFSF treatment. Notably, the EFSF-treated titanium mesh exhibits reduced bacterial adhesion and is non-toxic to osteoblast proliferation. These advancements increase its suitability for clinical alveolar bone augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxu Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Saimi Ayisen
- School of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianshui Ren
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- School of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Penglai Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Gasperini FM, Fernandes GVO, Mitri FF, Calasans-Maia MD, Mavropoulos E, Malta Rossi A, Granjeiro JM. Histomorphometric evaluation, SEM, and synchrotron analysis of the biological response of biodegradable and ceramic hydroxyapatite-based grafts: from the synthesis to the bed application. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065023. [PMID: 37844570 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical and histological properties of nanostructured hydroxyapatite and alginate composites produced at different temperatures with and without sintering and implanted in rabbit tibiae. Hydroxyapatite-alginate (HA) microspheres (425-600 µm) produced at 90 and 5 °C without (HA90 and HA5) or with sintering at 1000 °C (HA90S and HA5S) were characterized and applied to evaluate thein vitrodegradation; also were implanted in bone defects on rabbit's tibiae (n= 12). The animals were randomly divided into five groups (blood clot, HA90S, HA5S, HA90, and HA5) and euthanized after 7 and 28 d. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared analysis of the non-sintered biomaterials showed a lower crystallinity than sintered materials, being more degradablein vitroandin vivo. However, the sinterization of HA5 led to the apatite phase's decomposition into tricalcium phosphate. Histomorphometric analysis showed the highest (p< 0.01) bone density in the blood clot group, similar bone levels among HA90S, HA90, and HA5, and significantly less bone in the HA5S. HA90 and HA5 groups presented higher degradation and homogeneous distribution of the new bone formation onto the surface of biomaterial fragments, compared to HA90S, presenting bone only around intact microspheres (p< 0.01). The elemental distribution (scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy andμXRF-SR analysis) of Ca, P, and Zn in the newly formed bone is similar to the cortical bone, indicating bone maturity at 28 d. The synthesized biomaterials are biocompatible and osteoconductive. The heat treatment directly influenced the material's behavior, where non-sintered HA90 and HA5 showed higher degradation, allowing a better distribution of the new bone onto the surface of the biomaterial fragments compared to HA90S presenting the same level of new bone, but only on the surface of the intact microspheres, potentially reducing the bone-biomaterial interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Marcos Gasperini
- Prosthetic Dentistry Department, Dentistry School, Iguaçu University Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Franceschini Mitri
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal Uberlandia University, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mônica Diuana Calasans-Maia
- Clinical Research Laboratory in Dentistry, Dentistry School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Mavropoulos
- Biomaterials Laboratory-LABIOMAT, Brazilian Center of Physics Research, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Malta Rossi
- Biomaterials Laboratory-LABIOMAT, Brazilian Center of Physics Research, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Clinical Research Laboratory in Dentistry, Dentistry School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biology, Coordination of Biology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
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Mohamed Ahmed IA, Değerli Z, Özcan MM, Babiker EE. Effect of different oil extraction methods on bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and phytochemical profiles of raw flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum) and after roasting at different temperatures. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:7117-7126. [PMID: 37337854 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors such as variety, genetics, soil structure and plant diseases affect the oil amount and properties of flaxseed. By applying heat and various extraction treatments to flaxseed, the storage ability of the seed is increased by the removal of moisture, and the stability of phytochemicals in the seed against heat can be determined. RESULTS Total carotenoid and phenol of flaxseeds changed from 0.13 (control) and 0.61 mg g-1 (120 °C) to 202.64 (control and 90 °C) and 225.69 mg 100 g-1 (120 °C), respectively. While total flavonoid of flaxseed roasted at different temperatures varied between 636.0 (90 °C) and 786.00 mg 100 g-1 (120 °C), antioxidant activity values for raw and roasted flaxseeds between 59.32% (control) and 68.64% (120 °C) were recorded. Oil content of seeds changed between 34.07 and 42.57% (P < 0.05). Viscosity of flaxseed oil extracted using different systems was between 31.95 (cold-pressed; control) and 36.00 mPa s (ultrasonic; 120 °C). The dominant phenolics of flaxseeds were identified as isorhamnetin, resveratrol, quercetin, catechin, apigenin-7-glucoside and campherol. The oils of flaxseeds contained 55.27-58.23 linolenic, 17.40-18.91 oleic, 14.03-14.84 linoleic and 4.97-5.37 palmitic acids, depending on extraction method and roasting temperature. CONCLUSION Roasting and oil extraction methods did not have a significant effect on free acidity, but was found to affect peroxide value. The predominant phenolic constituents of flaxseed samples were isorhamnetin, resveratrol, quercetin, catechin, apigenin-7-glucoside and campherol, respectively. The major fatty acids of flaxseed oil were determined as linolenic, oleic, linoleic and palmitic. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isam A Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeliha Değerli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Elfadil E Babiker
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wereńska M. Comparative study on the effects of sous-vide, microwave cooking, and stewing on functional properties and sensory quality of goose meat. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103064. [PMID: 37722278 PMCID: PMC10518714 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of sous-vide (SV), microwave (M) cooking, and stewing (S) on selected functional properties of goose meat were investigated in this study. It was measured cooking loss (CL), texture and color parameters, and sensory evaluation was carried out. The material were 96 breast muscles (BM, n = 48 with skin and subcutaneous fat and n = 48 without skin) from 17-wk-old "Polish oat geese." The kind of heat treatment and the type of goose meat and interaction the type of meat × heat treatment affected the amount of CL. The lowest value of CL was stated for SV samples. The meat with skin was characterized by a lower shear force value (SF), hardness, gumminess, and chewiness than samples without skin for all cooking methods. There were no differences in SF value for M and S samples with skin. The S samples characterized by the highest value of SF, hardness and the SV meat by the lowest for both kind of meat. The M samples characterized by the higher value of cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness compare to SV and S meat. All instrumental color parameters were significantly affected by cooking technology (P = 0.001). There were differences in color lightness (L*) of investigated cooked samples. The SV meat had the highest value of L* parameter and was characterized by a lighter color among others. The highest decrease in a* value was stated for S and lowest for SV meat. The SV showed more intense red color than remaining samples. The a* value decreased and b* parameter increases with an increase the heat treatment temperature. The value of b* was higher in S (about 100°C) samples than in raw meat and processed by SV (70°C). From consumer point of view the best color had goose breast muscles subjected to SV process. Considering all tested sensory features, the overall palatability of SV goose samples was rated as excellent, S as very good and M as good.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wereńska
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
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