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Yavuzyegit B, Karali A, De Mori A, Smith N, Usov S, Shashkov P, Bonithon R, Blunn G. Evaluation of Corrosion Performance of AZ31 Mg Alloy in Physiological and Highly Corrosive Solutions. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:1735-1747. [PMID: 38411089 PMCID: PMC10952013 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Resorbable Mg and Mg alloys have gained significant interest as promising biomedical materials. However, corrosion of these alloys can lead to premature reduction in their mechanical properties, and therefore their corrosion rate needs to be controlled. The aim of this study is to select an appropriate environment where the effects of coatings on the corrosion rate of the underlying Mg alloy can be discerned and measured in a relatively short time period. The corrosion resistance of uncoated AZ31 alloy in different solutions [Hank's Balanced Salt Solution, 1× phosphate buffered solution (PBS), 4× PBS, 0.9%, 3.5%, and 5 M sodium chloride (NaCl)] was determined by measuring the weight loss over a 2 week period. Upon exposure to physiological solutions, the uncoated AZ31 alloys exhibited a variable weight increase of 0.4 ± 0.4%. 3.5% and 5 M NaCl solutions led to 0.27 and 9.7 mm/year corrosion rates, respectively, where the compositions of corrosion products from AZ31 in all saline solutions were similar. However, the corrosion of the AZ31 alloy when coated by electrochemical oxidation with two phosphate coatings, one containing fluorine (PF) and another containing both fluorine and silica (PFS), showed 0.3 and 0.25 mm/year corrosion rates, respectively. This is more than 30 times lower than that of the uncoated alloy (7.8 mm/year), making them promising candidates for corrosion protection in severe corrosive environments. Cross-sections of the samples showed that the coatings protected the alloy from corrosion by preventing access of saline to the alloy surface, and this was further reinforced by corrosion products from both the alloy and the coatings forming an additional barrier. The information in this paper provides a methodology for evaluating the effects of coatings on the rate of corrosion of magnesium alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berzah Yavuzyegit
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, St Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, U.K.
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, Recep Tayyip Erdogan
University, Rize 53100, Turkey
| | - Aikaterina Karali
- School
of Mechanical & Design Engineering Faculty of Technology, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Building, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, U.K.
| | - Arianna De Mori
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, St Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, U.K.
| | - Nigel Smith
- BioCera
Medical Limited, 3b Homefield
Road, Haverhill CB9 8QP, Suffolk, U.K.
| | - Sergey Usov
- BioCera
Medical Limited, 3b Homefield
Road, Haverhill CB9 8QP, Suffolk, U.K.
| | - Pavel Shashkov
- BioCera
Medical Limited, 3b Homefield
Road, Haverhill CB9 8QP, Suffolk, U.K.
| | - Roxane Bonithon
- School
of Mechanical & Design Engineering Faculty of Technology, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Building, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, U.K.
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, St Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, U.K.
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Pulido-González N, García-Rodríguez S, Torres B, Rams J. Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Heat-Treated Mg-1Zn-1Ca Alloy for Biomedical Applications. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:70. [PMID: 38203923 PMCID: PMC10779524 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The microstructure and wear properties of a Mg-1wt.% Zn-1wt.% Ca (ZX11) alloy with different heat treatments have been investigated. The ZX11 alloy was tested in the as-cast state and after different heat treatment conditions: solution-treated (at 450 °C for 24 h), peak-aged (solution-treated + aged at 180 °C for 3 h), and over-aged (solution-treated + aged at 180 °C for 24 h). The microstructure of the as-cast sample showed a continuous intermetallic phase at the grain boundaries, while the heat-treated samples exhibited discrete precipitated particles within the grains. To evaluate the wear behavior, the samples were tested using a pin-on-disc configuration, where the wear rates and friction coefficients were measured at different loads and sliding speeds. An AZ31 magnesium alloy was used as the counterbody. The worn surfaces and the wear debris were studied to identify the main wear mechanisms corresponding to each test condition. The results indicated the presence of abrasion, oxidation, and adhesive wear mechanisms in all testing conditions. In the as-cast state, delamination and plastic deformation were the dominant wear mechanisms, while they were less relevant in the heat-treated conditions. The peak-aged samples exhibited the lowest wear rates, suggesting that modifying the distribution of intermetallic precipitates contributed to enhancing the wear resistance of the alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Belén Torres
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales y Tecnología Electrónica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (S.G.-R.); (J.R.)
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Singh Raman RK, Wen C, Löffler JF. Human Body-Fluid-Assisted Fracture of Zinc Alloys as Biodegradable Temporary Implants: Challenges, Research Needs and Way Forward. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4984. [PMID: 37512259 PMCID: PMC10383560 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alloys of magnesium, zinc or iron that do not contain toxic elements are attractive as construction material for biodegradable implants, i.e., the type of implants that harmlessly dissolve away within the human body after they have completed their intended task. The synergistic influence of mechanical stress and corrosive human body fluid can cause sudden and catastrophic fracture of bioimplants due to phenomena such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and corrosion fatigue (CF). To date, SCC and CF of implants based on Zn have scarcely been investigated. This article is an overview of the challenges, research needs and way forward in understanding human body-fluid-assisted fractures (i.e., SCC and CF) of Zn alloys in human body fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Singh Raman
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Jörg F Löffler
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Keerthiga G, Prasad MJNV, Vijayshankar D, Singh Raman RK. Polymeric Coatings for Magnesium Alloys for Biodegradable Implant Application: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4700. [PMID: 37445014 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys are a very attractive material of construction for biodegradable temporary implants. However, Mg alloys suffer unacceptably rapid corrosion rates in aqueous environments, including physiological fluid, that may cause premature mechanical failure of the implant. This necessitates a biodegradable surface barrier coating that should delay the corrosion of the implant until the fractured/damaged bone has healed. This review takes a brief account of the merits and demerits of various existing coating methodologies for the mitigation of Mg alloy corrosion. Since among the different coating approaches investigated, no single coating recipe seems to address the degradation control and functionality entirely, this review argues the need for polymer-based and biodegradable composite coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Keerthiga
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Microstructural Engineering and Mechanical Performance Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Electrochemistry at Interface Lab, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - M J N V Prasad
- Microstructural Engineering and Mechanical Performance Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dandapani Vijayshankar
- Electrochemistry at Interface Lab, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - R K Singh Raman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Johanes M, Gupta M. An Investigation into the Potential of Turning Induced Deformation Technique for Developing Porous Magnesium and Mg-SiO 2 Nanocomposite. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2463. [PMID: 36984345 PMCID: PMC10051495 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new and novel method of synthesising porous Mg materials has been explored utilising a variant of a processing method previously used for the synthesis of dense Mg materials, namely the turning-induced deformation (TID) method combined with sintering. It was found that the Mg materials synthesised possessed comparable properties to previously-synthesised porous Mg materials in the literature while subsequent sintering resulted in a more consistent mechanical response, with microwave sintering showing the most promise. The materials were also found to possess mechanical response within the range of the human cancellous bone, and when reinforced with biocompatible silica nanoparticles, presented the most optimal combination of mechanical properties for potential use as biodegradable implants due to most similarity with cancellous bone properties.
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Mathew A, Hassan HW, Korostynska O, Westad F, Mota-Silva E, Menichetti L, Mirtaheri P. In Vivo Analysis of a Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy Implant in an Animal Model Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3063. [PMID: 36991774 PMCID: PMC10057053 DOI: 10.3390/s23063063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable magnesium-based implants offer mechanical properties similar to natural bone, making them advantageous over nonbiodegradable metallic implants. However, monitoring the interaction between magnesium and tissue over time without interference is difficult. A noninvasive method, optical near-infrared spectroscopy, can be used to monitor tissue's functional and structural properties. In this paper, we collected optical data from an in vitro cell culture medium and in vivo studies using a specialized optical probe. Spectroscopic data were acquired over two weeks to study the combined effect of biodegradable Mg-based implant disks on the cell culture medium in vivo. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for data analysis. In the in vivo study, we evaluated the feasibility of using the near-infrared (NIR) spectra to understand physiological events in response to magnesium alloy implantation at specific time points (Day 0, 3, 7, and 14) after surgery. Our results show that the optical probe can detect variations in vivo from biological tissues of rats with biodegradable magnesium alloy "WE43" implants, and the analysis identified a trend in the optical data over two weeks. The primary challenge of in vivo data analysis is the complexity of the implant interaction near the interface with the biological medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mathew
- Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hafiz Wajahat Hassan
- Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Olga Korostynska
- Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Westad
- Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eduarda Mota-Silva
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), San Cataldo Research Area, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), San Cataldo Research Area, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Peyman Mirtaheri
- Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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Chandrasekar AR, Merino E, Pakseresht A, Galusek D, Duran A, Castro Y. Influence of Polyols on the In Vitro Biodegradation and Bioactivity of 58S Bioactive Sol-Gel Coatings on AZ31B Magnesium Alloys. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904514 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical qualities of AZ31B magnesium alloys make them a promising material for biodegradable metallic implants. However, rapid degradation limits the application of these alloys. In the present study, 58S bioactive glasses were synthesized using the sol-gel method and several polyols such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, were used to improve the sol stability and to control the degradation of AZ31B. The synthesized bioactive sols were dip-coated onto AZ31B substrates and then, characterized by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), among them. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of a silica, calcium, and phosphate system and the XRD the amorphous nature of the 58S bioactive coatings obtained by sol-gel. The contact angle measurements confirmed that all the coatings were hydrophilic. The biodegradability response under physiological conditions (Hank's solution) was investigated for all the 58S bioactive glass coatings, observing a different behaviour depending on the polyols incorporated. Thus, for 58S PEG coating, an efficient control of the release of H2 gas was observed, and showing a pH control between 7.6 and 7.8 during all the tests. A marked apatite precipitation was also observed on the surface of the 58S PEG coating after the immersion test. Thus, the 58S PEG sol-gel coating is considered a promising alternative for biodegradable magnesium alloy-based medical implants.
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Hassan HW, Mota-Silva E, Grasso V, Riehakainen L, Jose J, Menichetti L, Mirtaheri P. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the In Vivo Monitoring of Biodegradable Implants in Rats. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2297. [PMID: 36850894 PMCID: PMC9964707 DOI: 10.3390/s23042297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys possess unique properties that make them ideal for use as biodegradable implants in clinical applications. However, reports on the in vivo assessment of these alloys are insufficient. Thus, monitoring the degradation of Mg and its alloys in vivo is challenging due to the dynamic process of implant degradation and tissue regeneration. Most current works focus on structural remodeling, but functional assessment is crucial in providing information about physiological changes in tissues, which can be used as an early indicator of healing. Here, we report continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW NIRS), a non-invasive technique that is potentially helpful in assessing the implant-tissue dynamic interface in a rodent model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on hemoglobin changes and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) after the implantation of Mg-alloy (WE43) and titanium (Ti) implants in rats' femurs using a multiwavelength optical probe. Additionally, the effect of changes in the skin on these parameters was evaluated. Lastly, combining NIRS with photoacoustic (PA) imaging provides a more reliable assessment of tissue parameters, which is further correlated with principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Wajahat Hassan
- Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eduarda Mota-Silva
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Grasso
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics, 1114 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Leon Riehakainen
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jithin Jose
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics, 1114 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Peyman Mirtaheri
- Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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Cohen J, Shull D, Reed S. Co-delivery of an HIV prophylactic and contraceptive using PGSU as a long-acting multipurpose prevention technology. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:285-299. [PMID: 36654482 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2168642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poly(glycerol sebacate) urethane (PGSU) elastomers formulated with 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (EFdA), levonorgestrel (LNG), or a combination thereof can function as multipurpose prevention technology implants for prophylaxis against HIV and unintended pregnancies. For these public health challenges, long-acting drug delivery technologies may improve patient experience and adherence. Traditional polymers encounter challenges delivering multiple drugs with dissimilar physiochemical properties. PGSU offers an alternative option that successfully delivers hydrophilic EFdA alongside hydrophobic LNG. METHODS This article presents the formulation, design, and characterization of PGSU implants, highlighting the impact of API loading, dimensions, and individual- versus combination-loading on release rates. RESULTS Co-delivery of hydrophilic EFdA alongside hydrophobic LNG acted as a porogen to accelerate LNG release. Increasing the surface area of LNG-only implants increased LNG release. All EFdA-LNG, EFdA-only, and LNG-only formulated implants demonstrated low burst release and linear release kinetics over 245 or 122 days studied to date. CONCLUSION PGSU co-delivers two APIs for HIV prevention and contraception at therapeutically relevant concentrations in vitro from a single bioresorbable, elastomeric implant. A new long-acting polymer technology, PGSU demonstrates linear-release kinetics, dual delivery of APIs with disparate physiochemical properties, and biocompatibility through long-term subcutaneous implantation. PGSU can potentially meet the demands of complex MPT or fixed-dose combination products, where better solutions can serve and empower patients.
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Pulido-González N, García-Rodríguez S, Torres B, Rams J. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of the Mg-3Zn-0.4Ca Alloy for Biodegradable Implants. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16020661. [PMID: 36676398 PMCID: PMC9864879 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The wear behavior of the Mg-3wt.% Zn-0.4wt.% Ca (ZX30) alloy was tested using a pin-on-disc configuration with AZ31 alloy discs as counterparts under dry sliding conditions. The ZX30 alloy was tested in different states: as-cast, solution-treated, peak-aged, and over-aged. Wear rates and friction coefficients were measured at different loads and sliding speeds. Abrasion and oxidation were the main wear mechanisms found in all the conditions tested. Moreover, aluminum oxides were detected on the worn surfaces, which indicates the presence of an adhesive wear mechanism. The wear behavior of the studied ZX30 alloy showed a greater tendency towards oxidative wear than other Mg alloys, and the microstructure observed strongly affected the wear behavior.
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Gottlieb J, Fuehner T, Zardo P. Management and outcome of obstructive airway complications after lung transplantation - a 12-year retrospective cohort study. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2023; 17:17534666231181541. [PMID: 37526226 PMCID: PMC10395170 DOI: 10.1177/17534666231181541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive airway complications (OACs) represent a significant problem after lung transplantation (LTx). Bilateral OACs after double lung transplantation are infrequently reported. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate management and outcome of OAC. DESIGN Retrospective single-center cohort study. METHODS Adult patients with bilateral LTx performed between 2010 and 2021 were included. Patients with follow-ups of less than 3 months and after heart-lung transplantation were excluded. OAC was defined either as the need for stenting, surgical revision, or balloon dilatation. Outcome parameters included graft survival, graft function, quality of life, and management. RESULTS During the study period, 1,170 patients were included. Hundred thirty-five (11.5%) patients developed OAC. Forty-six (4.4%) patients had significant bilateral OAC. Thirty-seven (80%) bilateral OAC patients were treated by stent insertion; in 34 patients, biodegradable stents were used. The median number of bronchoscopies in bilateral OAC was 26 during the first postoperative year compared with nine in controls (p < 0.001). Fourteen OAC patients (n = 10 bilateral) underwent surgical revision including six re-do transplantations. Graft loss occurred significantly more frequently in patients with bilateral OAC with a graft survival of 63% and 50% in these after 3 and 5 years compared with 83% and 73% in controls without OAC (p < 0.001). Baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in patients with bilateral OAC was median 58% predicted in comparison with 90% in controls (p < 0.001). Quality of life was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Bilateral OACs impose a high burden of disease on patients after lung transplantation and were associated with early and late graft loss. Affected patients' OAC demonstrated reduced graft function and impaired quality of life. Most OACs were managed by bronchoscopy preferably by non-permanent stenting. Surgery including re-do transplantation was used in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Gottlieb
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases OE 6870, Hannover Medical School (Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, MHH), Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuehner
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Siloah Hospital, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Zardo
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Toschka A, Pöhle G, Quadbeck P, Suschek CV, Strauß A, Redlich C, Rana M. Molybdenum as a Potential Biocompatible and Resorbable Material for Osteosynthesis in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium and stainless steel are commonly known as osteosynthesis materials with high strength and good biocompatibility. However, they have the big disadvantage that a second operation for hardware removal is necessary. Although resorbable systems made of polymers or magnesium are increasingly used, they show some severe adverse foreign body reactions or unsatisfying degradation behavior. Therefore, we started to investigate molybdenum as a potential new biodegradable material for osteosynthesis in craniomaxillofacial surgery. To characterize molybdenum as a biocompatible material, we performed in vitro assays in accordance with ISO Norm 10993-5. In four different experimental setups, we showed that pure molybdenum and molybdenum rhenium alloys do not lead to cytotoxicity in human and mouse fibroblasts. We also examined the degradation behavior of molybdenum by carrying out long-term immersion tests (up to 6 months) with molybdenum sheet metal. We showed that molybdenum has sufficient mechanical stability over at least 6 months for implants on the one hand and is subject to very uniform degradation on the other. The results of our experiments are very promising for the development of new resorbable osteosynthesis materials for craniomaxillofacial surgery based on molybdenum.
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Gambaro S, Nascimento ML, Shekargoftar M, Ravanbakhsh S, Sales V, Paternoster C, Bartosch M, Witte F, Mantovani D. Characterization of a Magnesium Fluoride Conversion Coating on Mg-2Y-1Mn-1Zn Screws for Biomedical Applications. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8245. [PMID: 36431729 PMCID: PMC9692750 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MgF2-coated screws made of a Mg-2Y-1Mn-1Zn alloy, called NOVAMag® fixation screws (biotrics bioimplants AG), were tested in vitro for potential applications as biodegradable implants, and showed a controlled corrosion rate compared to non-coated screws. While previous studies regarding coated Mg-alloys have been carried out on flat sample surfaces, the present work focused on functional materials and final biomedical products. The substrates under study had a complex 3D geometry and a nearly cylindrical-shaped shaft. The corrosion rate of the samples was investigated using an electrochemical setup, especially adjusted to evaluate these types of samples, and thus, helped to improve an already patented coating process. A MgF2/MgO coating in the µm-range was characterized for the first time using complementary techniques. The coated screws revealed a smoother surface than the non-coated ones. Although the cross-section analysis revealed some fissures in the coating structure, the electrochemical studies using Hanks' salt solution demonstrated the effective role of MgF2 in retarding the alloy degradation during the initial stages of corrosion up to 24 h. The values of polarization resistance (Rp) of the coated samples extrapolated from the Nyquist plots were significantly higher than those of the non-coated samples, and impedance increased significantly over time. After 1200 s exposure, the Rp values were 1323 ± 144 Ω.cm2 for the coated samples and 1036 ± 198 Ω.cm2 for the non-coated samples, thus confirming a significant decrease in the degradation rate due to the MgF2 layer. The corrosion rates varied from 0.49 mm/y, at the beginning of the experiment, to 0.26 mm/y after 1200 s, and decreased further to 0.01 mm/y after 24 h. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the applied MgF2 film in slowing down the corrosion of the bulk material, allowing the magnesium-alloy screws to be competitive as dental and orthopedic solutions for the biodegradable implants market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gambaro
- National Research Council, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, CNR-ICMATE, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - M. Lucia Nascimento
- Biotrics Bioimplants AG, Ullsteinstrasse 108, 12109 Berlin, Germany
- Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4–6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Masoud Shekargoftar
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Samira Ravanbakhsh
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vinicius Sales
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Carlo Paternoster
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marco Bartosch
- Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4–6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Witte
- Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4–6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Marek R, Ćwieka H, Donohue N, Holweg P, Moosmann J, Beckmann F, Brcic I, Schwarze UY, Iskhakova K, Chaabane M, Sefa S, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Weinberg AM, Willumeit-Römer R, Sommer NG. Degradation behavior and osseointegration of Mg-Zn-Ca screws in different bone regions of growing sheep: a pilot study. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac077. [PMID: 36683753 PMCID: PMC9845522 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based implants are highly attractive for the orthopedic field and may replace titanium (Ti) as support for fracture healing. To determine the implant-bone interaction in different bony regions, we implanted Mg-based alloy ZX00 (Mg < 0.5 Zn < 0.5 Ca, in wt%) and Ti-screws into the distal epiphysis and distal metaphysis of sheep tibiae. The implant degradation and osseointegration were assessed in vivo and ex vivo after 4, 6 and 12 weeks, using a combination of clinical computed tomography, medium-resolution micro computed tomography (µCT) and high-resolution synchrotron radiation µCT (SRµCT). Implant volume loss, gas formation and bone growth were evaluated for both implantation sites and each bone region independently. Additionally, histological analysis of bone growth was performed on embedded hard-tissue samples. We demonstrate that in all cases, the degradation rate of ZX00-implants ranges between 0.23 and 0.75 mm/year. The highest degradation rates were found in the epiphysis. Bone-to-implant contact varied between the time points and bone types for both materials. Mostly, bone-volume-to-total-volume was higher around Ti-implants. However, we found an increased cortical thickness around the ZX00-screws when compared with the Ti-screws. Our results showed the suitability of ZX00-screws for implantation into the distal meta- and epiphysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas Donohue
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick Holweg
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julian Moosmann
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Felix Beckmann
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Iva Brcic
- D&R Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Uwe Yacine Schwarze
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kamila Iskhakova
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Marwa Chaabane
- SCANCO Medical AG, 8306 Wangen-Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Sefa
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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Pothupitiya JU, Zheng C, Saltzman WM. Synthetic biodegradable polyesters for implantable controlled-release devices. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1351-1364. [PMID: 36197839 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2131768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Implantable devices can be designed to release drugs to localized regions of tissue at sustained and reliable rates. Advances in polymer engineering have led to the design and development of drug-loaded implants with predictable, desirable release profiles. Biodegradable polyesters exhibit chemical, physical, and biological properties suitable for developing implants for pain management, cancer therapy, contraception, antiviral therapy, and other applications. AREAS COVERED : This article reviews the use of biodegradable polyesters for drug-loaded implants by discussing the properties of commonly used polymers, techniques for implant formulation and manufacturing, mechanisms of drug release, and clinical applications of implants as drug delivery devices. EXPERT OPINION : Drug delivery implants are unique systems for safe and sustained drug release, providing high bioavailability and low toxicity. Depending on the implant design and tissue site of deployment, implants can offer either localized or systemic drug release. Due to the long history of use of degradable polyesters in medical devices, polyester-based implants represent an important class of controlled release technologies. Further, polyester-based implants are the largest category of drug delivery implants to reach the point of testing in humans or approval for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal U Pothupitiya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University; New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Christy Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University; New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University; New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Chavda VP, Jogi G, Paiva-Santos AC, Kaushik A. Biodegradable and removable implants for controlled drug delivery and release application. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1177-1181. [PMID: 35929995 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Conventional drug delivery route has several limitations such as hepatic first-pass metabolism, gastric issues, hypersensitivity reactions, etc. Additionally, such approaches are not found to be patient compliant, especially for chronic diseases. Conversely, implantable, polymeric drug delivery systems provide prolonged as well as controlled release of drug from the device implanted in the body. This editorial summarizes various types of implantable drug delivery systems along with their associated advantages and challenges. Additionally, recent advances in this field such as shape memory-based polymeric implants and 3-D printed implants are also discussed carefully and critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Gargi Jogi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.,NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida, USA
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Perhomaa M, Kyrö A, Niinimäki J, Sinikumpu JJ. Retrograde intramedullary nailing of the radius in children: A pilot magnetic resonance imaging study of soft-tissue findings. J Child Orthop 2022; 16:269-275. [PMID: 35992516 PMCID: PMC9382708 DOI: 10.1177/18632521221114553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Unstable forearm shaft fractures in children are preferably treated surgically using elastic stable intramedullary nails. The radius is nailed retrograde from the distal metaphysis. There is a risk of surgery-related soft-tissue complications during the operation. Close evaluation of occult surgery-related soft-tissue lesions has not been possible previously, due to the titanium alloy hardware used in the process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential findings in the surrounding soft tissues after intramedullary nailing of the radius, by using magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS The study population comprised 15 pediatric patients with forearm shaft fractures treated by polylactide-co-glycolide biodegradable intramedullary nails and postoperatively evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging. The main outcome was signal abnormality in any tendon at the entry point postoperatively. Secondarily, other changes in the soft tissues related to nailing were determined. Furthermore, the precise location of the entry point and the anatomic characteristics of the soft-tissue tunnel were described. RESULTS In total, 5 of 15 patients (33.3%) had transient signal pathology in a tendon postoperatively. Edema around the superficial radial nerve was detected in 13 of 15 patients (86.7%). The most common surgical approach was between the extensor pollicis brevis and the extensor carpi radialis longus tendons, which was applied in 10 of 15 patients (66.7%). CONCLUSIONS One in three patients exhibited transient and occult surgery-related intraparenchymal signal pathology in a tendon, after forearm intramedullary nailing. Caution with surgical prepare of the soft-tissue cleavage is recommended. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Perhomaa
- Oulu Childhood Fracture and Sports
Injury Study, Division of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Department of Children
and Adolescents, PEDEGO Research Group, Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu
University Hospital and Oulu University, Oulu, Finland,Department of Pediatric Radiology,
Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology (MIPT), Oulu University Hospital and Oulu
University, Oulu, Finland,Marja Perhomaa, Department of Pediatric
Radiology, Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology (MIPT), Oulu University
Hospital and Oulu University, PL 50, FIN-90029 OYS Oulu, Finland. Emails:
;
| | - Antti Kyrö
- Department of Children, Pediatric
Surgery, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Department of Pediatric Radiology,
Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology (MIPT), Oulu University Hospital and Oulu
University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha-Jaakko Sinikumpu
- Oulu Childhood Fracture and Sports
Injury Study, Division of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Department of Children
and Adolescents, PEDEGO Research Group, Medical Research Center (MRC) Oulu, Oulu
University Hospital and Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
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Prasadh S, Parande G, Gupta M, Wong R. Compositional Tailoring of Mg-2Zn-1Ca Alloy Using Manganese to Enhance Compression Response and In-Vitro Degradation. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:810. [PMID: 35160756 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates Mg–2Zn–1Ca/XMn alloys as biodegradable implants for orthopedic fracture fixation applications. The effect of the presence and progressive addition of manganese (X = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt.%) on the degradation, and post-corrosion compressive response were investigated. Results suggest that the addition of manganese at 0.5 wt.% improved the corrosion resistance of Mg–2Zn–1Ca alloys. The pH values stabilized for the 0.5Mn-containing alloy and displayed a lower corrosion rate when compared to other Mg–2Zn–1Ca/Mn alloys. Mg–2Zn–1Ca showed a progressive reduction in the compressive strength properties at the end of day 21 whereas Mg–2Zn–1Ca/0.3Mn and Mg–2Zn–1Ca/0.5Mn samples showed a decrease until day 14 and stabilized around the same strength range after day 21. The ability of Mg–2Zn–1Ca/0.5Mn alloy to develop a network of protective hydroxide and phosphate layers has resulted in the corrosion control of the alloy. Mg–2Zn–1Ca/0.7Mn displays segregation of Mn particles at the grain boundaries resulting in decreased corrosion protection. The mechanism behind the corrosion protection of Mg–2Zn–1Ca alloys was discussed.
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Jungesblut OD, Moritz M, Spiro AS, Stuecker R, Rupprecht M. Fixation of Unstable Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions and Displaced Osteochondral Fragments Using New Biodegradable Magnesium Pins in Adolescents. Cartilage 2021; 13:302S-310S. [PMID: 32693621 PMCID: PMC8808896 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520942943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fixation of unstable osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions and displaced osteochondral fragments are frequently performed procedures in pediatric orthopedic surgery. Since 2018, CE-certified MAGNEZIX pins are used in our institution in these cases. The aim of this study was (1) to analyze safety, efficiency, and limitations of magnesium-pin-based fixation of unstable OCD lesions and displaced osteochondral fragments and (2) to report clinical and radiological outcomes at short-term follow-up (FU). DESIGN In this prospective cohort study, 19 patients (10 girls and 9 boys) were included. Inclusion criteria were (1) magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed unstable OCD lesion or displaced osteochondral fragment, (2) fixation with magnesium-based pins, and (3) minimum FU of 6 months. X-rays were taken 6 weeks and 6 months after operation and magnetic resonance imaging scans every 4 to 6 months to assess the healing progress. RESULTS In total 67 pins were used, with a mean of 3.6 ± 1.4 per patient. Average age at surgery was 13.7 years (11-17 years). Mean time of operation was 56 ± 31 minutes, including arthroscopy, fixation, and patellar realignment (n = 6). No intraoperative complications occurred. Average FU was 11.3 ± 4.2 months (6-20 months). No redislocation or new dislocation occurred. Until now a complete radiographic healing occurred in 12 cases. Due to an implant failure in one case 11 weeks after the index surgery a revision became necessary. CONCLUSIONS In short-term FU of 11 ± 4 months MAGNEZIX pins provide high stability after fixation of unstable OCDs and displaced osteochondral fragments leading to uncomplicated and timely healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D. Jungesblut
- Altonaer Kinderkrankenhaus gGmbH,
Hamburg, Germany,Oliver D. Jungesblut, Altonaer
Kinderkrankenhaus gGmbH, Bleickenallee 38, Hamburg 22763, Germany.
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Riehakainen L, Cavallini C, Armanetti P, Panetta D, Caramella D, Menichetti L. In Vivo Imaging of Biodegradable Implants and Related Tissue Biomarkers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2348. [PMID: 34301105 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive longitudinal imaging of osseointegration of bone implants is essential to ensure a comprehensive, physical and biochemical understanding of the processes related to a successful implant integration and its long-term clinical outcome. This study critically reviews the present imaging techniques that may play a role to assess the initial stability, bone quality and quantity, associated tissue remodelling dependent on implanted material, implantation site (surrounding tissues and placement depth), and biomarkers that may be targeted. An updated list of biodegradable implant materials that have been reported in the literature, from metal, polymer and ceramic categories, is provided with reference to the use of specific imaging modalities (computed tomography, positron emission tomography, ultrasound, photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging) suitable for longitudinal and non-invasive imaging in humans. The advantages and disadvantages of the single imaging modality are discussed with a special focus on preclinical imaging for biodegradable implant research. Indeed, the investigation of a new implant commonly requires histological examination, which is invasive and does not allow longitudinal studies, thus requiring a large number of animals for preclinical testing. For this reason, an update of the multimodal and multi-parametric imaging capabilities will be here presented with a specific focus on modern biomaterial research.
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Modabber A, Zander D, Zumdick N, Schick D, Kniha K, Möhlhenrich SC, Hölzle F, Goloborodko E. Impact of Wound Closure on the Corrosion Rate of Biodegradable Mg-Ca-Zn Alloys in the Oral Environment. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4226. [PMID: 32977513 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys have exhibited a rapid rate of corrosion and thus early implant failure, so this study was designed to investigate the longer-term effects and in particular on wound closure. The aim of the study is to evaluate Mg-Ca-Zn Alloys as promising biodegradable implants in the field of maxillofacial surgery, which have so far never been evaluated for the changing conditions from a saliva to a serum-like environment after wound closure. Magnesium-0.6/calcium-0.8 wt.% zinc alloys were either immersed for 10 days in artificial saliva or 10 days in Hank's salt solution as control groups. The test group was transferred from artificial saliva to Hank's salt solution after 5 days in order to simulate wound closure. Corrosion rates were determined by immersion testing. Additional electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed. Prior artificial saliva exposure led to significantly decreased (p = 0.0272) corrosion rates after transfer to Hank's solution in comparison to sole Hank's solution exposure (0.1703 vs. 0.6675 mg/(cm2·day)) and sole artificial saliva exposure (0.3180 mg/(cm2·day)), which both exhibit a strong increase after 5 days. The results were in accordance with the scanning electron microscopy and EDX pictures. Prior saliva exposure could protect from increasing corrosion rates after wound closure. Thus Mg-Ca-Zn Alloys are promising future implant alloys in oral surgery, whereas other surgical fields without saliva exposure have to deal with accelerated corrosion rates after 5 days.
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Wagner FC, Post A, Yilmaz T, Maier D, Neubauer J, Feucht MJ, Südkamp NP, Reising K. Biomechanical comparison of biodegradable magnesium screws and titanium screws for operative stabilization of displaced capitellar fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020; 29:1912-9. [PMID: 32417047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Displaced fractures of the humeral capitellum are commonly treated operatively and fixed by titanium screws (TSs) either directly or indirectly. In the case of direct transcartilaginous fixation, biodegradable screws with the ability to be countersunk can be favorable regarding implant impingement and cartilage destruction. Hence, the goal of this study was to biomechanically compare headless compression screws made from titanium with a biodegradable equivalent made from a magnesium alloy. METHODS This biomechanical in vitro study was conducted on 13 pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric humeri, in which a standardized Bryan-Morrey type I fracture was fixed using 2 magnesium screws (MSs) or 2 TSs. First, construct stiffness was measured during 10 cycles of static loading between 10 and 50 N. Second, continuous loading was applied at 4 Hz between 10 and 50 N, increasing the maximum load every 10,000 cycles by 25 N until construct failure occurred. This was defined by fragment displacement >3 mm. RESULTS Comparison of the 2 screw types showed no differences related to construct stiffness (0.50 ± 0.25 kN/mm in MS group and 0.47 ± 0.13 kN/mm in TS group, P = .701), failure cycle (43,944 ± 21,625 and 41,202 ± 16,457, respectively; P = .701), and load to failure (152 ± 53 N and 150 ± 42 N, respectively; P = .915). CONCLUSION Biomechanical comparison showed that simple capitellar fractures are equally stabilized by headless compression screws made from titanium or a biodegradable magnesium alloy. Therefore, in view of the advantages of biodegradable implants for transcartilaginous fracture stabilization, their clinical application should be considered and evaluated.
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Hamideh RA, Akbari B, Fathi P, Misra SK, Sutrisno A, Lam F, Pan D. Biodegradable MRI Visible Drug Eluting Stent Reinforced by Metal Organic Frameworks. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000136. [PMID: 32548977 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have applications in numerous fields. However, the development of MOF-based "theranostic" macroscale devices is not achieved. Here, heparin-coated biocompatible MOF/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) "theranostic" stents are developed, where NH2 -Materials of Institute Lavoisier (MIL)-101(Fe) encapsulates and releases rapamycin (an immunosuppressive drug). These stents also act as a remarkable source of contrast in ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to the invisible polymeric stent. The in vitro release patterns of heparin and rapamycin respectively can ensure a type of programmed model to prevent blood coagulation immediately after stent placement in the artery and stenosis over a longer term. Due to the presence of hydrolysable functionalities in MOFs, the stents are shown to be highly biodegradable in degradation tests under various conditions. Furthermore, there is no compromise of mechanical strength or flexibility with MOF compositing. The system described here promises many biomedical applications in macroscale theranostic devices. The use of MOF@PCL can render a medical device MRI-visible while simultaneously acting as a carrier for therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvani Alanagh Hamideh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle Foundation Hospital, 611 West Park Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Babak Akbari
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Fathi
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle Foundation Hospital, 611 West Park Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle Foundation Hospital, 611 West Park Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Andre Sutrisno
- NMR/EPR Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Fan Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle Foundation Hospital, 611 West Park Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle Foundation Hospital, 611 West Park Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Health Sciences Facility III, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
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Li Y, Zhao S, Li S, Ge Y, Wang R, Zheng L, Xu J, Sun M, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Wei H. Surface Engineering of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Enhanced Orthopedic Implants. Small 2019; 15:e1904486. [PMID: 31755651 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys have been promised for biomedical implants in orthopedic field, however, the fast corrosion rate and mode challenge their clinical application. To push Mg alloys materials into practice, a composite coating with biodegradable and high compatible components to improve anticorrosion property of an Mg alloy (i.e., AZ31) is designed and fabricated. The inner layer is micro-nano structured Mg(OH)2 through hydrothermal treatment. Then stearic acid (SA) is introduced to modify Mg(OH)2 for better reducing the gap below a surface-degradation polymer layer of poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate). Benefited by the SA modification effect, this sandwiched coating avoids corrosive medium penetration via enhancing the adhesion strength at the interface between outer and inner layers. Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicate that the composite coating modified AZ31 perform a better anticorrosion behavior and biocompatibility compared to bare AZ31. Strikingly, a 1.7-fold improvement in volume of newly formed bone is observed surrounding the composite coating modified implant after 12 week implantation. The sandwiched biocompatible coating strategy paves a hopeful way for future translational application of Mg alloys orthopedic materials in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Sirong Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Minghui Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hui Wei
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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25
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Wagner FC, Feucht MJ, Konstantinidis L, Hohloch L, Yilmaz T, Bernstein A, Südkamp NP, Reising K. Biomechanical dynamic comparison of biodegradable pins and titanium screws for operative stabilization of displaced radial head fractures. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 234:74-80. [PMID: 31702442 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919884794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For radial head osteosynthesis, biodegradable implants are gaining in importance to minimize cartilage destruction and implant impingement and to supersede implant removal. Since loss of reduction and pseudarthrosis remain challenging complications, new implants should at least provide comparable biomechanical properties as commonly used metal implants. The objective of this study was to compare the treatment by polylactide pins to titanium screws and to quantify the produced cartilage defects. Eight pairs of human cadaver radii with a standardized Mason type II fracture were stabilized either by two 2.0-mm polylactide pins or titanium screws. The produced cartilage defects were quantified using an image analyzing software. Quasi-static loading was performed axially and transversally for 10 cycles each between 10 and 50 N. Afterward, implant loosening was tested by axial loading up to 10,000 cycles, followed by load to failure testing. Polylactide pins showed less construct stiffness under axial (p = 0.017) and transversal (p = 0.012) loading, and one polylactide pins construct failed after two cycles of transversal loading. At axial loading, a high correlation between bone mineral density and construct stiffness was observed among polylactide pins (R = 0.667; p = 0.071), which was not seen among titanium screws (R = 0.262; p = 0.531). No difference in implant loosening was recorded after 10,000 cycles (p = 0.237); however, one polylactide pins construct failed after 30 cycles and failure loads were higher for titanium screws (p=0.017). Polylactide pin produced smaller cartilage defects (p=0.012). In conclusion, simple radial head fractures treated by polylactide pins show less biomechanical stability than treated by titanium screws, particularly in osteoporotic bone which might lead to secondary loss of reduction. Due to smaller cartilage defects and equal properties under continuous loading, polylactide pins might represent a gentle alternative in patients with good bone quality making subsequent implant removal redundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand C Wagner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.,G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feucht
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Konstantinidis
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.,G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Hohloch
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.,G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tayfun Yilmaz
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.,G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anke Bernstein
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Norbert P Südkamp
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.,G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Reising
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Asklepios Klinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Santos-Coquillat A, Martínez-Campos E, Vargas-Alfredo N, Arrabal R, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Matykina E. Hierarchical Functionalized Polymeric-Ceramic Coatings on Mg-Ca Alloys for Biodegradable Implant Applications. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900179. [PMID: 31490621 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-based implants present several advantages for clinical applications, in particular due to their biocompatibility and degradability. However, degradation products can affect negatively the cell activity. In this work, a combined coating strategy to control the implant degradation and cell regulation processes is evaluated, including plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) that produces a 13 µm-thick Ca, P, and Si containing ceramic coating with surface porosity, and breath figures (BF) approach that produces a porous polymeric poly(ε-caprolactone) surface. The degradation of PCL-PEO-coated Mg hierarchical scaffold can be tailored to promote cell adhesion and proliferation into the porous structure. As a result, cell culture can colonize the inner PEO-ceramic coating structure where higher amount of bioelements are present. The Mg/PEO/PCL/BF scaffolds exhibit equally good or better premyoblast cell adhesion and proliferation compared with Ti CP control. The biological behavior of this new hierarchical functionalized scaffold can improve the implantation success in bone and cardiovascular clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos-Coquillat
- Departamento de Ingenieria Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Tissue Engineering Group, Institute of Biofunctional Studies (IEB-UCM), Associated Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Polymer Functionalization Group, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Institute of Biofunctional Studies (IEB-UCM), Associated Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Polymer Functionalization Group, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Polymer Functionalization Group, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson Vargas-Alfredo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Polymer Functionalization Group, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Arrabal
- Departamento de Ingenieria Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Polymer Functionalization Group, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Endzhe Matykina
- Departamento de Ingenieria Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The perpetuation of healthy vision is paramount in an individual. It has been observed that various drug delivery systems have been fabricated to develop vision quality in individuals. Systemic ocular drug therapies have limited efficacy due to poor bioavailability, systemic and toxic side effects and low patient compliance. Various drug systems which follow the ocular route of administration are manufactured to achieve optimized bioavailability along with better patient compliance. Ocular implant is one such example. It is divided into biodegradable and non-biodegradable drug delivery systems wherein the former is more beneficial. This review aims to demonstrate the current momentum in the formulation and optimization of various biodegradable ocular drug delivery systems and its characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai-4000074, India
| | - Oshin Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota (Medical School Twin cities), Minnesota, 55455, United States
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Raman RKS, Harandi SE. Resistance of Magnesium Alloys to Corrosion Fatigue for Biodegradable Implant Applications: Current Status and Challenges. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E1316. [PMID: 29144428 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys are attracting increasing interest as the most suitable metallic materials for construction of biodegradable and bio-absorbable temporary implants. However, Mg-alloys can suffer premature and catastrophic fracture under the synergy of cyclic loading and corrosion (i.e., corrosion fatigue (CF)). Though Mg alloys are reported to be susceptible to CF also in the corrosive human body fluid, there are very limited studies on this topic. Furthermore, the in vitro test parameters employed in these investigations have not properly simulated the actual conditions in the human body. This article presents an overview of the findings of available studies on the CF of Mg alloys in pseudo-physiological solutions and the employed testing procedures, as well as identifying the knowledge gap.
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Vlček M, Lukáč F, Kudrnová H, Smola B, Stulíková I, Luczak M, Szakács G, Hort N, Willumeit-Römer R. Microhardness and In Vitro Corrosion of Heat-Treated Mg-Y-Ag Biodegradable Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10010055. [PMID: 28772414 PMCID: PMC5344547 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are promising candidates for biodegradable medical implants which reduce the necessity of second surgery to remove the implants. Yttrium in solid solution is an attractive alloying element because it improves mechanical properties and exhibits suitable corrosion properties. Silver was shown to have an antibacterial effect and can also enhance the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. Measurements of microhardness and electrical resistivity were used to study the response of Mg-4Y and Mg-4Y-1Ag alloys to isochronal or isothermal heat treatments. Hardening response and electrical resistivity annealing curves in these alloys were compared in order to investigate the effect of silver addition. Procedures for solid solution annealing and artificial aging of the Mg-4Y-1Ag alloy were developed. The corrosion rate of the as-cast and heat-treated Mg-4Y-1Ag alloy was measured by the mass loss method. It was found out that solid solution heat treatment, as well artificial aging to peak hardness, lead to substantial improvement in the corrosion properties of the Mg-4Y-1Ag alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Vlček
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - František Lukáč
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Kudrnová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Bohumil Smola
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Stulíková
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Luczak
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Gábor Szakács
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Norbert Hort
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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30
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Anand A, Pundir R, Pandian CS, Saraf S, Gupta H. Cefoperazone sodium impregnated polycaprolactone composite implant for osteomyelitis. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:377-81. [PMID: 20502542 PMCID: PMC2865808 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.57285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of local antibiotics from a biodegradable implant for chronic osteomyelitis is an attractive alternative. The implant delivers high antibiotic concentration at tissue levels, obliterates dead space, aids bone repair and does not need to be removed. The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate a calcium sulphate and polycaprolactone based composite biodegradable implantable delivery system of cefoperazone sodium. Implants were prepared by modified fabrication technique to avoid solvent use. Interaction studies were carried out to check any incompatibility between ingredients. Prepared implants were evaluated for various in vitro parameters like dimensions, hardness, tensile strength, drug release profile and sterility. Morphological changes in pellet before and after drug release were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The pellet were also tested for microbiological efficacy and compared with plain drug solution in different concentrations. Developed pellets are regular in shape and size with good tensile strength. The release profile displayed drug levels above MIC continuously up to 2 months. Wide zone of inhibition by pellet against Staph. aureus as compared to drug solution proves its efficacy in treatment of osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anand
- Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology & Management, Lucknow-226 007, India
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