1
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S. de León A, de la Mata M, Sanchez-Alarcon IR, Abargues R, Molina SI. Self-Assembly of CsPbBr 3 Perovskites in Micropatterned Polymeric Surfaces: Toward Luminescent Materials with Self-Cleaning Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:20023-20031. [PMID: 35438478 PMCID: PMC9073833 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a series of porous, honeycomb-patterned polymer films containing CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals as light emitters prepared by the breath figure approach. Microscopy analysis of the topography and composition of the material evidence that the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are homogeneously distributed within the polymer matrix but preferably confined inside the pores due to the fabrication process. The optical properties of the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals remain unaltered after the film formation, proving that they are stable inside the polystyrene matrix, which protects them from degradation by environmental factors. Moreover, these surfaces present highly hydrophobic behavior due to their high porosity and defined micropatterning, which is in agreement with the Cassie-Baxter model. This is evidenced by performing a proof-of-concept coating on top of 3D-printed LED lenses, conferring the material with self-cleaning properties, while the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals embedded inside the polymeric matrix maintain their luminescent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto S. de León
- Dpto.
Ciencia de los Materiales, I. M. y Q. I., IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - María de la Mata
- Dpto.
Ciencia de los Materiales, I. M. y Q. I., IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Ivan R. Sanchez-Alarcon
- Instituto
de Ciencia de los Materiales, Universitat de Valencia, Calle Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Rafael Abargues
- Instituto
de Ciencia de los Materiales, Universitat de Valencia, Calle Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Sergio I. Molina
- Dpto.
Ciencia de los Materiales, I. M. y Q. I., IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
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2
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Sanz-Horta R, Elvira C, Gallardo A, Reinecke H, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Fabrication of 3D-Printed Biodegradable Porous Scaffolds Combining Multi-Material Fused Deposition Modeling and Supercritical CO 2 Techniques. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1080. [PMID: 32486468 PMCID: PMC7353290 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of porous materials for tissue engineering applications in a straightforward manner is still a current challenge. Herein, by combining the advantages of two conventional methodologies with additive manufacturing, well-defined objects with internal and external porosity were produced. First of all, multi-material fused deposition modeling (FDM) allowed us to prepare structures combining poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA), thus enabling to finely tune the final mechanical properties of the printed part with modulus and strain at break varying from values observed for pure PCL (modulus 200 MPa, strain at break 1700%) and PLA (modulus 1.2 GPa and strain at break 5-7%). More interestingly, supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) as well as the breath figures mechanism (BFs) were additionally employed to produce internal (pore diameters 80-300 µm) and external pores (with sizes ranging between 2 and 12 μm) exclusively in those areas where PCL is present. This strategy will offer unique possibilities to fabricate intricate structures combining the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) in terms of flexibility and versatility and those provided by the SCCO2 and BFs to finely tune the formation of porous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Sanz-Horta
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (C.E.); (A.G.); (H.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (C.E.); (A.G.); (H.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (C.E.); (A.G.); (H.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (C.E.); (A.G.); (H.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICTP-CSIC), Department of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (C.E.); (A.G.); (H.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Tullii G, Donini S, Bossio C, Lodola F, Pasini M, Parisini E, Galeotti F, Antognazza MR. Micro- and Nanopatterned Silk Substrates for Antifouling Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:5437-5446. [PMID: 31917532 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A major problem of current biomedical implants is the bacterial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation, which seriously affects their functioning and can lead to serious post-surgical complications. Intensive efforts have been directed toward the development of novel technologies that can prevent bacterial colonization while requiring minimal antibiotics doses. To this end, biocompatible materials with intrinsic antifouling capabilities are in high demand. Silk fibroin, widely employed in biotechnology, represents an interesting candidate. Here, we employ a soft-lithography approach to realize micro- and nanostructured silk fibroin substrates, with different geometries. We show that patterned silk film substrates support mammal cells (HEK-293) adhesion and proliferation, and at the same time, they intrinsically display remarkable antifouling properties. We employ Escherichia coli as representative Gram-negative bacteria, and we observe an up to 66% decrease in the number of bacteria that adhere to patterned silk surfaces as compared to control, flat silk samples. The mechanism leading to the inhibition of biofilm formation critically depends on the microstructure geometry, involving both a steric and a hydrophobic effect. We also couple silk fibroin patterned films to a biocompatible, optically responsive organic semiconductor, and we verify that the antifouling properties are very well preserved. The technology described here is of interest for the next generation of biomedical implants, involving the use of materials with enhanced antibacterial capability, easy processability, high biocompatibility, and prompt availability for coupling with photoimaging and photodetection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3 , 20133 , Milano , Italy
- Department of Physics , Politecnico di Milano , Piazza L. Da Vinci 32 , 20133 , Milano , Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (SCITEC-CNR) , Via Alfonso Corti 12 , 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - S Donini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3 , 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - C Bossio
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3 , 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - F Lodola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3 , 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - M Pasini
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (SCITEC-CNR) , Via Alfonso Corti 12 , 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - E Parisini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3 , 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - F Galeotti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (SCITEC-CNR) , Via Alfonso Corti 12 , 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - M R Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3 , 20133 , Milano , Italy
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4
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Ni B, Yin Y, Peng J. A Simple Route to Hierarchical Rings of Diblock Copolymer Micelles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900525. [PMID: 31778248 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A hierarchically assembled necklace composed of amphiphilic diblock copolymer micelles is exquisitely produced by capitalizing on two concurrent self-assembly processes at different scales (i.e., "breath figure" strategy of diblock copolymer micelles solution evaporating in humid air to yield rings at the microscopic scale in conjunction with self-assembly of diblock copolymer micelles within individual ring at the nanometer scale). Intriguingly, hierarchical rings of diblock copolymer micelles comprising gold precursors or fluorescent dyes can also be crafted using this strategy. Upon exposure to hydrophilic block-selective solvent, core-corona inversion of micelles within the microscopic rings occurs. In contrast, such inversion is inhibited when the micelles are impregnated by gold precursors. This simple yet effective strategy for engineering diblock copolymer micelles may be extended to produce hierarchically assembled structures consisting of other functional block copolymers (e.g., stimuli-responsive block copolymer) and nanocrystals (e.g., semiconducting, magnetic, ferroelectric, etc.) with unique catalytic, magnetic, ferroelectric, optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Santos-Coquillat A, Martínez-Campos E, Vargas-Alfredo N, Arrabal R, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Matykina E. Hierarchical Functionalized Polymeric-Ceramic Coatings on Mg-Ca Alloys for Biodegradable Implant Applications. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900179. [PMID: 31490621 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-based implants present several advantages for clinical applications, in particular due to their biocompatibility and degradability. However, degradation products can affect negatively the cell activity. In this work, a combined coating strategy to control the implant degradation and cell regulation processes is evaluated, including plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) that produces a 13 µm-thick Ca, P, and Si containing ceramic coating with surface porosity, and breath figures (BF) approach that produces a porous polymeric poly(ε-caprolactone) surface. The degradation of PCL-PEO-coated Mg hierarchical scaffold can be tailored to promote cell adhesion and proliferation into the porous structure. As a result, cell culture can colonize the inner PEO-ceramic coating structure where higher amount of bioelements are present. The Mg/PEO/PCL/BF scaffolds exhibit equally good or better premyoblast cell adhesion and proliferation compared with Ti CP control. The biological behavior of this new hierarchical functionalized scaffold can improve the implantation success in bone and cardiovascular clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santos-Coquillat
- Departamento de Ingenieria Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Tissue Engineering Group, Institute of Biofunctional Studies (IEB-UCM), Associated Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Polymer Functionalization Group, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Institute of Biofunctional Studies (IEB-UCM), Associated Unit to the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Polymer Functionalization Group, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Polymer Functionalization Group, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson Vargas-Alfredo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Polymer Functionalization Group, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Arrabal
- Departamento de Ingenieria Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (CSIC), Polymer Functionalization Group, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Endzhe Matykina
- Departamento de Ingenieria Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Ruiz-Rubio L, Artetxe B, Pérez-Álvarez L, Martín-Caballero J, Ishihara T, Gutiérrez-Zorrilla JM, Vilas-Vilela JL. Toward Advanced Functional Systems: Honeycomb-Like Polymeric Surfaces Incorporating Polyoxovanadates with Surface-Appended Copper-Cyclam Complexes. Molecules 2019; 24:E2313. [PMID: 31234483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work the immobilization of hybrid polyoxometalates (POMs) onto functional polymeric surfaces is exposed and discussed. Thus, various hybrid polymer‒inorganic films were prepared by anchoring selected hybrid POMs onto tailored polymeric surfaces that consisted of breath figures (BFs) made of polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid)/polystyrene (PS-b-PAA/PS) blends. Functionalization of the BF films was performed by selective arrangement of acrylic acid groups of the amphiphilic block copolymer on the surface pores because of their affinition for the water condensed during breath figure formation. These carboxylic acid functional groups contained within the PAA blocks were then employed to anchor [Cu(cyclam)][{Cu(cyclam)}2(V10O28)]·10H2O (1-CuV10) and [{Cu(cyclam)}(VO3)2]·5H2O (1-CuV1), hybrid POMs by immersing the films into aqueous solutions of the in situ formed hybrid clusters, resulting in the hybrid films BF1 and BF2, respectively. Superficial analysis of these hybrid polymeric films was carried out by the sophisticated ion beam-based technique time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) that was revealed to be an excellent method for the superficial compositional mapping of patterned surfaces.
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7
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Ruiz-Rubio L, Pérez-Álvarez L, Sanchez-Bodón J, Arrighi V, Vilas-Vilela JL. The Effect of the Isomeric Chlorine Substitutions on the Honeycomb-Patterned Films of Poly(x-chlorostyrene)s/Polystyrene Blends and Copolymers via Static Breath Figure Technique. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12010167. [PMID: 30621027 PMCID: PMC6337389 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric thin films patterned with honeycomb structures were prepared from poly(x-chlorostyrene) and statistical poly(x-chlorostyrene-co-styrene) copolymers by static breath figure method. Each polymeric sample was synthesized by free radical polymerization and its solution in tetrahydrofuran cast on glass wafers under 90% relative humidity (RH). The effect of the chorine substitution in the topography and conformational entropy was evaluated. The entropy of each sample was calculated by using Voronoi tessellation. The obtained results revealed that these materials could be a suitable toolbox to develop a honeycomb patterns with a wide range of pore sizes for a potential use in contact guidance induced culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Ruiz-Rubio
- Grupo de Química Macromolecular (LABQUIMAC) Dpto. Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Leyre Pérez-Álvarez
- Grupo de Química Macromolecular (LABQUIMAC) Dpto. Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Julia Sanchez-Bodón
- Grupo de Química Macromolecular (LABQUIMAC) Dpto. Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Valeria Arrighi
- Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - José Luis Vilas-Vilela
- Grupo de Química Macromolecular (LABQUIMAC) Dpto. Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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8
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Muñoz-Bonilla A, Cuervo-Rodríguez R, López-Fabal F, Gómez-Garcés JL, Fernández-García M. Antimicrobial Porous Surfaces Prepared by Breath Figures Approach. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1266. [PMID: 30042299 PMCID: PMC6117655 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, efficient antimicrobial porous surfaces were prepared by breath figures approach from polymer solutions containing low content of block copolymers with high positive charge density. In brief, those block copolymers, which were used as additives, are composed of a polystyrene segment and a large antimicrobial block bearing flexible side chain with 1,3-thiazolium and 1,2,3-triazolium groups, PS54-b-PTTBM-M44, PS54-b-PTTBM-B44, having different alkyl groups, methyl or butyl, respectively. The antimicrobial block copolymers were blended with commercial polystyrene in very low proportions, from 3 to 9 wt %, and solubilized in THF. From these solutions, ordered porous films functionalized with antimicrobial cationic copolymers were fabricated, and the influence of alkylating agent and the amount of copolymer in the blend was investigated. Narrow pore size distribution was obtained for all the samples with pore diameters between 5 and 11 µm. The size of the pore decreased as the hydrophilicity of the system increased; thus, either as the content of copolymer was augmented in the blend or as the copolymers were quaternized with methyl iodide. The resulting porous polystyrene surfaces functionalized with low content of antimicrobial copolymers exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficiencies against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida parapsilosis fungi as microbial models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Cuervo-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fátima López-Fabal
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, C/Río Júcar, s/n, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José L Gómez-Garcés
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, C/Río Júcar, s/n, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Vargas-Alfredo N, Santos-Coquillat A, Martínez-Campos E, Dorronsoro A, Cortajarena AL, Del Campo A, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Highly Efficient Antibacterial Surfaces Based on Bacterial/Cell Size Selective Microporous Supports. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:44270-44280. [PMID: 29131567 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of efficient antibacterial substrates selective for bacteria, i.e., noncytotoxic against mammalian cells. The strategy proposed is based on the different size of bacteria (1-4 μm) in comparison with mammalian cells (above 20 μm) that permit the bacteria to enter in contact with the inner part of micrometer-sized pores where the antimicrobial functionality are placed. On the contrary, mammalian cells, larger in terms of size, remain at the top surface, thus reducing adverse cytotoxic effects and improving the biocompatibility of the substrates. For this purpose, we fabricated well-ordered functional microporous substrates (3-5 μm) using the breath figures approach that enabled the selective functionalization of the pore cavity, whereas the rest of the surface remained unaffected. Microporous surfaces were prepared from polymer blends comprising a homopolymer (i.e., polystyrene) and a block copolymer (either polystyrene-b-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) or a quaternized polystyrene-b-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)). As a result, porous surfaces with a narrow size distribution and a clear enrichment of the PDMAEMA or the quaternized PDMAEMA block inside the pores were obtained that, in the case of the quaternized PDMAEMA, provided an excellent antimicrobial activity to the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Vargas-Alfredo
- Polymer Functionalization Group (FUPOL), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Santos-Coquillat
- Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales (IEB), Associated Unit to the ICTP-CSIC Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Paseo Juan XXIII, No. 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales (IEB), Associated Unit to the ICTP-CSIC Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Paseo Juan XXIII, No. 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ane Dorronsoro
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián , Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián , Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Ma Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Adolfo Del Campo
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV-CSIC) , C/Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Polymer Functionalization Group (FUPOL), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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10
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de León AS, Vargas-Alfredo N, Gallardo A, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Bastida A, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Microfluidic Reactors Based on Rechargeable Catalytic Porous Supports: Heterogeneous Enzymatic Catalysis via Reversible Host-Guest Interactions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:4184-4191. [PMID: 28035806 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of a microfluidic device in which the reservoir contains a porous surface with enzymatic catalytic activity provided by the reversible immobilization of horseradish peroxidase onto micrometer size pores. The porous functional reservoir was obtained by the Breath Figures approach by casting in a moist environment a solution containing a mixture of high molecular weight polystyrene (HPS) and a poly(styrene-co-cyclodextrin based styrene) (P(S-co-SCD)) statistical copolymer. The pores enriched in CD were employed to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (previously modified with adamantane) by host-guest interactions (HRP-Ada). These surfaces exhibit catalytic activity that remains stable during several reaction cycles. Moreover, the porous platforms could be recovered by using free water-soluble β-CD with detergents. An excess of β-CD/TritonX100 in solution disrupts the interactions between HRP-Ada and the CD-modified substrate thus allowing us to recover the employed enzyme and reuse the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sanz de León
- Mechano(Bio)Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Science Park Potsdam-Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Departamento de Química-Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Abstract
We demonstrate templating of functional materials with unexpected and intricate micro- and nanostructures by controlling the condensation, packing, and evaporation of water droplets on a polymer solution. Spontaneous evaporation of a polymer solution induces cooling of the liquid surface and water microdroplet condensation from the ambient vapor. These droplets pack together and act as a template to imprint an entangled polymer film. This breath figure (BF) phenomenon is an example of self-organization that involves the long-range ordering of droplets. Equilibrium-based analysis provides many insights into contact angles and drop stability of individual drops, but the BF phenomenon remains poorly understood thus far, preventing translation to real applications. Here we investigate the dynamics of this phenomenon to separate out the competing influences and then introduce a modulation scheme to ultimately manipulate the water vapor-liquid equilibrium independently from the solvent evaporation. This approach to BF control provides insights into the mechanism, a rationale for microstructure design, and evidence for the benefits of dynamical control of self-organization systems. We finally present dramatically different porous architectures from this approach reminiscent of microscale Petri dishes, conical flasks, and test tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Sader
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010, Australia
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12
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Martínez-Campos E, Elzein T, Bejjani A, García-Granda MJ, Santos-Coquillat A, Ramos V, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Toward Cell Selective Surfaces: Cell Adhesion and Proliferation on Breath Figures with Antifouling Surface Chemistry. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:6344-6353. [PMID: 26909529 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation of microporous functional polymer surfaces that have been proven to be selective surfaces toward eukaryotic cells while maintaining antifouling properties against bacteria. The fabrication of functional porous films has been carried out by the breath figures approach that allowed us to create porous interfaces with either poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) or 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene (5FS). For this purpose, blends of block copolymers in a polystyrene homopolymer matrix have been employed. In contrast to the case of single functional polymer, using blends enables us to vary the chemical distribution of the functional groups inside and outside the formed pores. In particular, fluorinated groups were positioned at the edges while the hydrophilic PEGMA groups were selectively located inside the pores, as demonstrated by TOF-SIMS. More interestingly, studies of cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation on these surfaces confirmed that PEGMA functionalized interfaces are excellent candidates to selectively allow cell growth and proliferation while maintaining antifouling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Martínez-Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Paseo Juan XXIII, no. 1 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Elzein
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research CNRS-L , P.O. Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, 1107 2260, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alice Bejjani
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research CNRS-L , P.O. Box 11-8281, Riad El Solh, 1107 2260, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Jesús García-Granda
- Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Paseo Juan XXIII, no. 1 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Santos-Coquillat
- Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Paseo Juan XXIII, no. 1 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Ramos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Paseo Juan XXIII, no. 1 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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De León AS, Garnier T, Jierry L, Boulmedais F, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Enzymatic Catalysis Combining the Breath Figures and Layer-by-Layer Techniques: Toward the Design of Microreactors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:12210-12219. [PMID: 25984795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the fabrication of microstructured porous surfaces with controlled enzymatic activity by combining the breath figures and the layer-by-layer techniques. Two different types of porous surfaces were designed based on fluorinated and carboxylated copolymers in combination with PS, using poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene)-b-polystyrene (PS5F31-b-PS21) and polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS19-b-PAA10) block copolymers, respectively. For comparative purposes, flat surfaces having similar chemistry were obtained by spin-coating. Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PSS/PAH) multilayers incorporating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were built on these porous surfaces to localize the enzyme both inside and outside of the pores using PS/PS5F31-b-PS21 surfaces and only inside the pores on PS/PS19-b-PAA10 surfaces. A higher catalytic activity of ALP (about three times) was obtained with porous surfaces compared to the flat ones. The catalysis happens specifically inside the holes of PS/PS19-b-PAA10surfaces, where ALP is located. This opens the route for applications in microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S De León
- †Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Garnier
- ‡Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - L Jierry
- ‡Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- §Institute of Advanced Study, University of Strasbourg, 5 allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg, France
- ⊥Ecole de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - F Boulmedais
- ‡Institut Charles Sadron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- §Institute of Advanced Study, University of Strasbourg, 5 allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Muñoz-Bonilla
- #Departamento de Química-Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Hernández
- †Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Ou Y, Lv CJ, Yu W, Mao ZW, Wan LS, Xu ZK. Fabrication of perforated isoporous membranes via a transfer-free strategy: enabling high-resolution separation of cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:22400-22407. [PMID: 25421306 DOI: 10.1021/am506419z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thin perforated membranes with ordered pores are ideal barriers for high-resolution and high-efficiency selective transport and separation of biological species. However, for self-assembled thin membranes with a thickness less than several micrometers, an additional step of transferring the membranes onto porous supports is generally required. In this article, we present a facile transfer-free strategy for fabrication of robust perforated composite membranes via the breath figure process, and for the first time, demonstrate the application of the membranes in high-resolution cell separation of yeasts and lactobacilli without external pressure, achieving almost 100% rejection of yeasts and more than 70% recovery of lactobacilli with excellent viability. The avoidance of the transfer step simplifies the fabrication procedure of composite membranes and greatly improves the membrane homogeneity. Moreover, the introduction of an elastic triblock copolymer increases the interfacial strength between the membrane and the support, and allows the preservation of composite membranes in a dry state. Such perforated ordered membranes can also be applied in other size-based separation systems, enabling new opportunities in bioseparation and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, and ‡State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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15
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Leone G, Galeotti F, Porzio W, Scavia G, Barba L, Arrighetti G, Ricci G, Botta C, Giovanella U. Poly(styrene)/oligo(fluorene)-intercalated fluoromica hybrids: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2014; 5:2450-2458. [PMID: 25671140 PMCID: PMC4311581 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the intercalation of a cationic fluorescent oligo(fluorene) in between the 2D interlayer region of a fluoromica type silicate. The formation of intercalated structures with different fluorophore contents is observed in powders by synchrotron radiation XRD. Successively, the hybrids are dispersed in poly(styrene) through in situ polymerization. Such a procedure allows us to synthesize the materials from solution, to achieve solid films, and to characterize them by optical and morphologic techniques. The polymeric films with homogeneous distribution of the hybrids exhibit ultraviolet-blue photoluminescence with a significantly enhanced photostability compared to the bare oligo(fluorene)s. Finally, under specific conditions, the polymer hybrid with higher oligo(fluorene) content spontaneously assembles into highly ordered microporous films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Leone
- CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - William Porzio
- CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Scavia
- CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Barba
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, UOS Trieste, Strada Statale 14, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianmichele Arrighetti
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, UOS Trieste, Strada Statale 14, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Botta
- CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- CNR, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Li J, Li Y, Chan CY, Kwok RT, Li H, Zrazhevskiy P, Gao X, Sun JZ, Qin A, Tang BZ. An aggregation-induced-emission platform for direct visualization of interfacial dynamic self-assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13518-13522. [PMID: 25363745 PMCID: PMC4370284 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of dynamic interfacial self-assembly processes is essential for a wide range of topics in theoretical physics, materials design, and biomedical research. However, direct monitoring of such processes is hampered by the poor imaging contrast of a thin interfacial layer. We report in situ imaging technology capable of selectively highlighting self-assembly at the phase boundary in real time by employing the unique photophysical properties of aggregation-induced emission. Its application to the study of breath-figure formation, an immensely useful yet poorly understood phenomenon, provided a mechanistic model supported by direct visualization of all main steps and fully corroborated by simulation and theoretical analysis. This platform is expected to advance the understanding of the dynamic phase-transition phenomena, offer insights into interfacial biological processes, and guide development of novel self-assembly technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington Seattle, WA (USA)
| | - Yuan Li
- Physics Department, Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC 27106 (USA)
| | - Carrie Y.K. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
| | - Ryan T.K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
| | - Hongkun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)
| | - Pavel Zrazhevskiy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington Seattle, WA (USA)
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington Seattle, WA (USA)
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)
| | - Anjun Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 (China)
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 (China)
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Ponnusamy T, Chakravarty G, Mondal D, John VT. Novel "breath figure"-based synthetic PLGA matrices for in vitro modeling of mammary morphogenesis and assessing chemotherapeutic response. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:703-13. [PMID: 24132933 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous films are developed to support mammary cell growth and function. Such porous polymer matrices of PLGA are generated using the easily implemented water-templating "breath-figure" technique that allows water droplets to penetrate the nascent polymer films to create a rough porous polymer film. Such breath figure-based micropatterned porous films show higher epithelial differentiation and growth than the corresponding flat 2D films, and represent the first instance of using them for tissue culture. Specifically, the breath figure morphology supports robust acinar growth with almost double the number of lobular-alveolar units compared to the 2D cultures. Gene profile analysis indicates that the cells grown on porous polymer films show enhanced expressions of mammary differentiation genes (GATA3, EMA, and INTEGB4) but lower the expression of mesenchymal gene (CALLA). Hormonal stimulation of these cultures dramatically increases expression of progenitor marker gene Notch1. Importantly, cells grown on porous PLGA films exhibit an enhanced resistance to doxorubicin treatment in comparison to 2D cultures. Breath-figure PLGA films show promise in mimicking in vivo mammary functions and can potentially be used to screen chemotherapeutic drugs. The simplicity and ease of fabrication of these polymer films is especially appealing to the development of effective biomaterials to support cell culture and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruselvam Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Geetika Chakravarty
- Department of Pharmacology Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Debasis Mondal
- Department of Pharmacology Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Vijay T. John
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
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