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Puckhaber D, Finke JH, David S, Gururajan B, Rane S, Kwade A. Effect of particle size on the dispersion behavior of magnesium stearate blended with microcrystalline cellulose. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123792. [PMID: 38190952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The majority of tablets manufactured contain lubricants to reduce friction during ejection. However, especially for plastically deforming materials, e.g., microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), the internal addition of lubricants is known to reduce tablet tensile strength. This reduction is caused by the surface coverage by lubricant particles, the extent of which depends on both process and formulation parameters. Previously published models to predict the lubrication effect on mechanical strength do not account for changes in the excipient particle size. In this study, the impact of both lubricant concentration and mixing time on the tensile strength of tablets consisting of three different grades of MCC and four grades of magnesium stearate (MgSt) was evaluated. By taking into account the particle size of the applied excipients, a unifying relationship between the theoretically estimated surface coverage and compactibility reduction was identified. Evaluating the dispersion kinetics of MgSt as a function of time reveals a substantial impact of the initial surface coverage on the dispersion rate, while the minimal tensile strength was found to be comparable for the majority of formulations. In summary, the presented work extends the knowledge of lubricant dispersion and facilitates the reduction of necessary experiments during the development of new tablet formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Puckhaber
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Henrik Finke
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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2
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Koumbogle K, Gosselin R, Gitzhofer F, Abatzoglou N. Effects of tableting process parameters and powder lubrication levels on tablet surface temperature and moisture content. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:992-999. [PMID: 37938090 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2281407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Punch sticking is a recurrent problem during the pharmaceutical tableting process. Powder moisture content plays a key role in the buildup of sticking; it evaporates due to increased tablet temperature, accumulates at the punch-tablet interface, and causes sticking through capillary force. This study investigated the effects of compaction pressure (CP), compaction speed (CS), and lubrication level (magnesium stearate (MgSt) ratio) on tablet surface temperature (TST) and tablet surface moisture content (TSMC). TST and TSMC were measured with an infrared thermal camera and near-infrared sensor, respectively. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as the tableting powder and MgSt as the lubricant. The low range of CS values (16-32 mm/s) considered in this study did not have significant effects on TST and TSMC. MgSt ratio had a significant positive effect on TST; this may be explained by the increase in powder blend effusivity with the addition of MgSt. However, MgSt ratio did not have a significant effect on TSMC. CP had a significant positive effect on both TST and TSMC. Increased CP induced higher heat generation through particle deformation and friction during the compaction phase, leading to increased TST. Furthermore, the water vapor diffusion rate through the powder bed might have increased due to the rise in thermal energy and led to further moisture accumulation at the tablet-punch interface, causing the significant positive effect of CP on TSMC. This result may explain the occurrence of sticking regardless of the CP applied during the tableting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komlan Koumbogle
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Ryan Gosselin
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - François Gitzhofer
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Nicolas Abatzoglou
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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3
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Sabbatini B, Romano Perinelli D, Filippo Palmieri G, Cespi M, Bonacucina G. Sodium lauryl sulfate as lubricant in tablets formulations: Is it worth? Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123265. [PMID: 37482231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lubricants are excipients used in tablet formulations to reduce friction and adhesion forces within the die or on the punches surface during the manufacturing process. Despite these excipients are always required for the tablets production, their amount must be carefully evaluated since lubricants can negatively impact on mechanical strength, disintegration and dissolution behavior of solid dosage forms. Alternative compounds have been suggested to overcome the issues of conventional lubricants and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) is one of the most promising one. Despite SDS has been object of several investigations, a definitive conclusion on its effectiveness cannot still be drawn. Particularly, its efficacy on tablets disaggregation and API dissolution is still unclear. Here, the effect of SDS on all the relevant features of tablets and tableting process has been evaluated on immediate release hydrophobic tablets formulations in comparison with conventional lubricants. The results of this investigation are quite outspoken: SDS has a low lubricant power while it determines only a limited improvement on tablets hardness. It greatly improves the tablets wettability but only on model formulations, the presence of superdisintegrants resets its effectiveness and any possible effect on tablets disaggregation. None of the tested formulations showed improvement on the API dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy.
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy
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4
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de Backere C, De Beer T, Vervaet C, Vanhoorne V. Effect of feed frame on lubricant sensitivity during upscaling from a compaction simulator to a rotary tablet press. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121562. [PMID: 35150846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Internal lubrication can be associated with reduced tabletability. Deformation mechanism, lubricant type, lubricant blending time and paddle speed (PS) of the forced feeder are known to be influenceable factors. This study investigated the effect of lubricant blending time and PS of forced feeders on the tensile strength of lubricated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose tablets. Magnesium stearate (MgSt), sodium stearyl fumarate (SSF) and stearic acid (SA) were used as lubricants. Tablets were produced on a compaction simulator and a rotary tablet press to investigate lubricant sensitivity during upscaling. Lubricant sensitivity was found higher for MCC compared to lactose which was attributed to the higher plasticity of MCC. The reduction in tensile strength upon lubricant addition followed the order: MgSt > SSF > SA; which could be linked to particle size, specific surface area and particle shape of the lubricants. Although differences in tensile strength were observed between the lubricant types, comparable ejection forces were obtained. The impact of PS on tensile strength was higher compared to lubricant blending time for both tableting machines. A good correlation of tensile strength and lubricant sensitivity between the compaction simulator and rotary tablet press was observed based on the calculation of paddle passes (NPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedrine de Backere
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Puckhaber D, Finke JH, David S, Serratoni M, Zafar U, John E, Juhnke M, Kwade A. Prediction of the impact of lubrication on tablet compactibility. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121557. [PMID: 35134481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The tableting of most pharmaceutical formulations requires the addition of lubricants to reduce ejection forces, prevent tooling damage and tablet defects. The internal addition of lubricants is known to reduce tablet tensile strength, especially of mainly plastically deforming materials. To date, available models show only limited quantitative predictive accuracy for the influence of lubricant concentration on the mechanical strength of tablets. This study aims to fill this gap and present a model based on the Ryshkewitch-Duckworth equation that can estimate the compactibility profiles of lubricated formulations. Binary mixtures of different diluents (microcrystalline cellulose and lactose) were prepared with common lubricants (magnesium stearate and sodium stearyl fumarate) and subsequently tableted. The resulting compactibility profiles were fitted using the Ryshkewitch-Duckworth equation and the derived fit parameters (kb and σ0) were correlated with the lubricant concentration. Subsequently, an empirical model was established which requires a minimum of experimental data and is able to predict the tensile strength of lubricated diluent tablets. Consequently, the developed empirical model is an interesting and valuable addition to the existing multi-component compacting models available and offers the opportunity to accelerate experimentation in the development of new tablet formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Puckhaber
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jan Henrik Finke
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sarah David
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | | | - Umair Zafar
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Edgar John
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | | | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Nagaoka M, Liao W, Kusamori K, Nishikawa M. Targeted Delivery of Immunostimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides to Antigen-Presenting Cells in Draining Lymph Nodes by Stearic Acid Modification and Nanostructurization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031350. [PMID: 35163272 PMCID: PMC8836026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypod-like structured nucleic acids (polypodnas), which are nanostructured DNAs, are useful for delivering cytosine-phosphate guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) expressing Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) for immune stimulation. Lipid modification is another approach to deliver ODNs to lymph nodes, where TLR9-positive APCs are abundant, by binding to serum albumin. The combination of these two methods can be useful for delivering CpG ODNs to lymph nodes in vivo. In the present study, CpG1668, a phosphodiester-type CpG ODN, was modified with stearic acid (SA) to obtain SA-CpG1668. Tripodna, a polypodna with three pods, was selected as the nanostructured DNA. Tripodnas loaded with CpG1668 or SA-CpG1668 were obtained in high yields. SA-CpG1668/tripodna bound more efficiently to plasma proteins than CpG1668/tripodna and was more efficiently taken up by macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells than CpG1668/tripodna, whereas the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α released from the cells were comparable between the two. After subcutaneous injection into mice, SA-CpG1668/tripodna induced significantly higher interleukin (IL)-12 p40 production in the draining lymph nodes than SA-CpG1668 or CpG1668/tripodna, with reduced IL-6 levels in plasma. These results indicate that the combination of SA modification and nanostructurization is a useful approach for the targeted delivery of CpG ODNs to lymph nodes.
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Vanti G, Muti L, D’Ambrosio M, Grifoni L, Bergonzi MC, Luceri C, Bilia AR. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Can Enhance Oral Absorption of Khellin, a Natural Pleiotropic Molecule. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247657. [PMID: 34946734 PMCID: PMC8705784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel formulation based on nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) was developed to increase solubility and intestinal absorption of khellin. K-NLCs were prepared with stearic acid, hempseed oil, Brij S20, and Labrafil M 1944 CS, using the emulsification-ultrasonication method. Developed nanoparticles were chemically and physically characterized by liquid chromatography, light scattering techniques, and electron microscopy. The size, about 200 nm, was optimal for oral delivery, and the polydispersity index (around 0.26), indicated high sample homogeneity. Additionally, K-NLCs showed a spherical morphology without aggregation by microscopic analysis. The encapsulation efficiency of khellin was about 55%. In vitro release studies were carried out in media with different pH to mimic physiological conditions. K-NLCs were found to be physically stable in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, and they preserved about 70% of khellin after 6 h incubation. K-NLCs were also successfully lyophilized testing different lyoprotectants, and obtained freeze-dried K-NLCs demonstrated good shelf life over a month. Lastly, permeability studies on Caco-2 cells were performed to predict khellin passive diffusion across the intestinal epithelium, demonstrating that nanoparticles increased khellin permeability by more than two orders of magnitude. Accordingly, developed NLCs loaded with khellin represent a versatile formulation with good biopharmaceutical properties for oral administration, possibly enhancing khellin's bioavailability and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vanti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.V.); (L.M.); (L.G.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Lucrezia Muti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.V.); (L.M.); (L.G.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Mario D’Ambrosio
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Lucia Grifoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.V.); (L.M.); (L.G.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.V.); (L.M.); (L.G.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (G.V.); (L.M.); (L.G.); (M.C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-4573708
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Gumieniczek A, Berecka-Rycerz A, Fornal E, Żyżyńska-Granica B, Granica S. Comprehensive Insight into Chemical Stability of Important Antidiabetic Drug Vildagliptin Using Chromatography (LC-UV and UHPLC-DAD-MS) and Spectroscopy (Mid-IR and NIR with PCA). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185632. [PMID: 34577104 PMCID: PMC8472283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During forced degradation, the intrinsic stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) could be determined and possible impurities that would occur during the shelf life of the drug substance or the drug product could be estimated. Vildagliptin belongs to relatively new oral antidiabetic drugs named gliptins, inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and prolonging the activities of the endogenous incretin hormones. At the same time, some gliptins were shown as prone to degradation under specific pH and temperature conditions, as well as in the presence of some reactive excipients. Thus, forced degradation of vildagliptin was performed at high temperature in extreme pH and oxidative conditions. Then, selective LC-UV was used for quantitative determination of non-degraded vildagliptin in the presence of its degradation products and for degradation kinetics. Finally, identification of degradation products of vildagliptin was performed using an UHPLC-DAD-MS with positive ESI. Stability of vildagliptin was also examined in the presence of pharmaceutical excipients, using mid-IR and NIR with principal component analysis (PCA). At 70 °C almost complete disintegration of vildagliptin occurred in acidic, basic, and oxidative media. What is more, high degradation of vildagliptin following the pseudo first-order kinetics was observed at room temperature with calculated k values 4.76 × 10−4 s−1, 3.11 × 10−4 s−1, and 1.73 × 10−4 s−1 for oxidative, basic and acidic conditions, respectively. Next, new degradation products of vildagliptin were detected using UHPLC-DAD-MS and their molecular structures were proposed. Three degradants were formed under basic and acidic conditions, and were identified as [(3-hydroxytricyclo- [3.3.1.13,7]decan-1-yl)amino]acetic acid, 1-{[(3-hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid and its O-methyl ester. The fourth degradant was formed in basic, acidic, and oxidative conditions, and was identified as 1-{[(3-hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]-decan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide. When stability of vildagliptin was examined in the presence of four excipients under high temperature and humidity, a visible impact of lactose, mannitol, magnesium stearate, and polyvinylpirrolidone was observed, affecting-NH- and CO groups of the drug. The obtained results (kinetic parameters, interactions with excipients) may serve pharmaceutical industry to prevent chemical changes in final pharmaceutical products containing vildagliptin. Other results (e.g., identification of new degradation products) may serve as a starting point for qualifying new degradants of vildagliptin as it is related to substances in pharmacopoeias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gumieniczek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+48-814-487-380; Fax:+48-814-487-381
| | - Anna Berecka-Rycerz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Żyżyńska-Granica
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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El Agrebi N, Svečnjak L, Horvatinec J, Renault V, Rortais A, Cravedi JP, Saegerman C. Adulteration of beeswax: A first nationwide survey from Belgium. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252806. [PMID: 34499645 PMCID: PMC8428765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Beeswax is intended for use in the beekeeping sector but also in the agro-food, pharmaceutical or cosmetics sectors. The adulteration of beeswax is an emerging issue that was reported lately at several occasions in the scientific literature. This issue tends to become more frequent and global, but its exact extent is not accurately defined. The present study aims to assess the current situation in Belgium through a nationwide survey. Randomized beeswax samples originating from Belgian beekeepers (N = 98) and commercial suppliers (N = 9) were analysed with a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) accessory (FTIR-ATR spectroscopy) for adulteration. The survey revealed a frequency of 9.2% and 33.3% of adulteration in beekeepers beeswax samples (9 samples out of 98: 2 with paraffin and 7 with stearin/stearic acid) and commercial beeswax samples (3 samples out of 9: all adulterated with stearin/stearic acid), respectively. The analysed samples were adulterated with various percentages of paraffin (12 to 78.8%) and stearin/stearic acid (1.2 to 20.8%). This survey indicates that in the beekeepers samples, beeswax adulteration was more frequent in comb foundation and crude beeswax than in comb wax. With the example of this nationwide survey conducted in Belgium, this study shows the emergence of the issue and the urgent need for action to safeguard the health of both honey bees health and humans, in particular with the setting of a proper regulation legal framework and a specific routine analytical testing of commercial beeswax to ensure beeswax quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmie El Agrebi
- Research Unit for Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Lidija Svečnjak
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- * E-mail: (CS); (LS)
| | - Jelena Horvatinec
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Véronique Renault
- Research Unit for Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnes Rortais
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Cravedi
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit for Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- * E-mail: (CS); (LS)
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Lu C, Qiu S, Wang X, He X, Dang L, Wang Z. Contrastive analysis of lipid composition and thermal and crystallization behavior of olein/stearin fractionated by novel layer melt crystallization from palm oil. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4350-4360. [PMID: 33420734 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melt crystallization is typically recognized as a highly efficient and green method for oil fractionation. This work concentrated on novel layer melt crystallization for preparing desirable olein and stearin products from palm oil and the evaluation of fraction quality. Layer melt crystallization was performed at various temperatures and the effects on fractions were evaluated using iodine value (IV), solid fat content (SFC) and melting point. The lipid composition, thermal and crystallization properties, and phase behaviors of the final optimized fractions were determined using gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. RESULTS Increasing crystallization tube temperatures under the same jacket temperature increased the melting point and SFC, while decreasing the IV of the olein product. Opposite results were observed for the stearin product. Major fatty acids in fractions were determined as palmitic acid and oleic acid. 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol and 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol were identified as the main triacylglycerols in olein and stearin fractions, respectively. A critical effect of crystallization temperature on co-crystallization of oleins and stearins was revealed. A transition from plate-like crystal growth to spherulitic growth with spontaneous nucleation was indicated in palm oil and stearin fractions with increasing crystallization temperature. As for olein fractions, a temperature increase resulted in heterogeneous nucleation from instantaneous nucleation. CONCLUSIONS Novel layer melt crystallization was successfully applied and optimized for fractionating palm oil. The composition and property changes of obtained fractions were analyzed and explained at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi He
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Leping Dang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanzhong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Shin JA, Hong YJ, Lee KT. Development and Physicochemical Properties of Low Saturation Alternative Fat for Whipping Cream. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154586. [PMID: 34361739 PMCID: PMC8347050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed an alternative whipping cream fat using shea butter but with low saturation. Enriched stearic-oleic-stearic (SOS) solid fat was obtained from shea butter via solvent fractionation. Acyl migration reactant, which mainly contains asymmetric SSO triacylglycerol (TAG), was prepared through enzymatic acyl migration to obtain the creaming quality derived from the β'-crystal form. Through enzymatic acyl migration, we obtained a 3.4-fold higher content of saturated-saturated-unsaturated (SSU) TAG than saturated-unsaturated-saturated (SUS) TAG. The acyl migration reactant was refined to obtain refined acyl migration reactant (RAMR). An alternative fat product was prepared by blending RAMR and hydrogenated palm kernel oil (HPKO) at a ratio of 4:6 (w/w). The melting points, solid fat index (SFI), and melting curves of the alternative products were similar to those of commercial whipping cream fat. The alternative fat had a content of total unsaturated fatty acids 20% higher than that of HPKO. The atherogenic index (AI) of alternative fat was 3.61, much lower than those of whipping cream fat (14.59) and HPKO (1220.3), because of its low atherogenic fatty acid content and high total unsaturated fatty acids. The polymorphic crystal form determined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy showed that the β'-crystal form was predominant. Therefore, the alternative fat is comparable with whipping cream that requires creaming quality, and has a reduced saturated fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Shin
- Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-640-2339
| | - Yea-Jin Hong
- Maeil Innovation Center (MIC), Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd., 63 Jinwiseo-ro, Jinwi-myeon, Pyeongtaek-si 17714, Korea;
| | - Ki-Teak Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
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12
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Wang P, Fei P, Zhou C, Hong P. Stearic acid esterified pectin: Preparation, characterization, and application in edible hydrophobic pectin/chitosan composite films. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:528-534. [PMID: 34116093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the modification of low-methoxy pectin with stearic anhydride through microwave action with 4-dimethylaminopyridine as catalyst. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicated that stearic acid was grafted on the pectin through esterification reaction, with the maximum stearic acid grafting ratio (SGR) of 10.7% for the modified pectin. The introduction of stearic acid was shown to significantly improve the emulsifying activity and stability of pectin. Composite films were prepared by blending the modified pectins and chitosan, and compared with the contact angle of 65.3° for the film with native low-methoxy pectin (PC0), the films with modified pectins showed a significant angle increase, with the highest contact angle reaching 101.9°, indicating a hydrophobic surface. Moreover, an appropriate amount of aliphatic chains could improve the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite films due to the "anchoring effect".
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkai Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China.
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524025, China.
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13
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Sun P, Xia B, Ni ZJ, Wang Y, Elam E, Thakur K, Ma YL, Wei ZJ. Characterization of functional chocolate formulated using oleogels derived from β-sitosterol with γ-oryzanol/lecithin/stearic acid. Food Chem 2021; 360:130017. [PMID: 33984566 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With an aim to prepare the functional chocolate, corn oil was used as the base oil and β-sitosterol was combined with oryzanol/stearic acid/lecithin to prepare respective oleogels (GO, SO, and LO). Oleogels (12%) were prepared by adding compound oleogelators at different ratios [GO-2:3, SO-1:4, and LO-4:1 (w/w)] in corn oil. The microstructure, interaction, thermodynamic, crystalline, and rheological behavior of formulated oleogels were studied by microscopic observation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and rotational rheometer, respectively. The results showed that GO had the strongest gel forming ability and the densest gel crystallization network. Moreover, chocolate prepared with GO (cocoa butter and oleogels-1:1) had the similar texture, crystal structure, rheological, and sensory properties to that of dark chocolate. This study provides the possibility for the wider application of oleogel prepared with lower saturated and trans-fatty acids in the chocolate industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Bing Xia
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China
| | - Elnur Elam
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China.
| | - Yi-Long Ma
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China.
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14
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Liu P, Gao W, Zhang X, Wang B, Zou F, Yu B, Lu L, Fang Y, Wu Z, Yuan C, Cui B. Effects of ultrasonication on the properties of maize starch/stearic acid/ sodium carboxymethyl cellulose composite film. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 72:105447. [PMID: 33387758 PMCID: PMC7803932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic treatment can improve the compatibility between a hydrophobic material and a hydrophilic polymer. The light transmittance, crystalline structure, microstructure, surface morphology, moisture barrier, and mechanical properties of a composite film with or without ultrasonication were investigated. Ultrasound increases the film's light transmittance, resulting in a film that has good transparency. Ultrasonication did not change the crystalline structure of the polymer film, but promoted V-type complex formation. The surface of the film became smooth and homogeneous after the film-form suspension underwent ultrasonic treatment. Compared to the control film, after ultrasonication at 70% amplitude with a duration of 30 min, the average roughness and maximum roughness declined from 212 nm to 17.6 nm and from 768.7 nm to 86.5 nm, respectively. The composite film with ultrasonication exhibited better tensile and moisture barrier properties than the nonsonicated film. However, long-term and strong ultrasonication will destroy the polymer structure to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Feixue Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Yishan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Zhengzong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
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15
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Alotaibi AM, Promdet P, Hwang GB, Li J, Nair SP, Sathasivam S, Kafizas A, Carmalt CJ, Parkin IP. Zn and N Codoped TiO 2 Thin Films: Photocatalytic and Bactericidal Activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:10480-10489. [PMID: 33595295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We explore a series of Zn and N codoped TiO2 thin films grown using chemical vapor deposition. Films were prepared with various concentrations of Zn (0.4-2.9 at. % Zn vs Ti), and their impact on superoxide formation, photocatalytic activity, and bactericidal properties were determined. Superoxide (O2•-) formation was assessed using a 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium sodium salt (XTT) as an indicator, photocatalytic activity was determined from the degradation of stearic acid under UVA light, and bactericidal activity was assessed using a Gram-negative bacterium E. coli under both UVA and fluorescent light (similar to what is found in a clinical environment). The 0.4% Zn,N:TiO2 thin film demonstrated the highest formal quantum efficiency in degrading stearic acid (3.3 × 10-5 molecules·photon-1), while the 1.0% Zn,N:TiO2 film showed the highest bactericidal activity under both UVA and fluorescent light conditions (>3 log kill). The enhanced efficiency of the films was correlated with increased charge carrier lifetime, supported by transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Alotaibi
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- The National Centre for Building and Construction Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, 11442-6086, Saudi Arabia
| | - Premrudee Promdet
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Gi Byoung Hwang
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Jianwei Li
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Sean P Nair
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, U.K
| | - Sanjayan Sathasivam
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Andreas Kafizas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
- The Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Claire J Carmalt
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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16
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Ni Y, Huang J, Li S, Wang X, Liu L, Wang M, Chen Z, Li X, Lai Y. Underwater, Multifunctional Superhydrophobic Sensor for Human Motion Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:4740-4749. [PMID: 33370088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic conductive materials have received a great amount of interest due to their wide applications in oil-water separation, electrically driven smart surface, electromagnetic shielding, and body motion detection. Herein, a highly conductive superhydrophobic cotton cloth is prepared by a facile method. A layer of polydopamine/reduced graphene oxide (PDA/rGO) was first coated on the cotton fabric, and then copper nanoparticles were in situ grown on the prepared surface. After further modification with stearic acid (STA), the wettability of the cotton surface changed from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic (water contact angle (WCA) = 153°). The electrical conductivity of the PDA/rGO/Cu/STA cotton is as high as 6769 S·m-1, while the stearic acid effectively protects Cu NPs from oxidation. As a result, the superhydrophobic PDA/rGO/Cu/STA cotton has shown excellent electrical stability and can be used in detecting human motions in both ambient and underwater conditions. The sensor can recognize human motion from air into water and other underwater activities (e.g., underwater bending, stretching, and ultrasound). This multifunctional cotton device can be used as an ideal sensor for underwater intelligent devices and provides a basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Ni
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Lexin Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
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17
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Špačková J, Fabra C, Mittelette S, Gaillard E, Chen CH, Cazals G, Lebrun A, Sene S, Berthomieu D, Chen K, Gan Z, Gervais C, Métro TX, Laurencin D. Unveiling the Structure and Reactivity of Fatty-Acid Based (Nano)materials Thanks to Efficient and Scalable 17O and 18O-Isotopic Labeling Schemes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21068-21081. [PMID: 33264006 PMCID: PMC7877562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are ubiquitous in biological systems and widely used in materials science, including for the formulation of drugs and the surface-functionalization of nanoparticles. However, important questions regarding the structure and reactivity of these molecules are still to be elucidated, including their mode of binding to certain metal cations or materials surfaces. In this context, we have developed novel, efficient, user-friendly, and cost-effective synthetic protocols based on ball-milling, for the 17O and 18O isotopic labeling of two key fatty acids which are widely used in (nano)materials science, namely stearic and oleic acid. Labeled molecules were analyzed by 1H and 13C solution NMR, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF and LC-MS), as well as 17O solid state NMR (for the 17O labeled species). In both cases, the labeling procedures were scaled-up to produce up to gram quantities of 17O- or 18O-enriched molecules in just half-a-day, with very good synthetic yields (all ≥84%) and enrichment levels (up to an average of 46% per carboxylic oxygen). The 17O-labeled oleic acid was then used for the synthesis of a metal soap (Zn-oleate) and the surface-functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), which were characterized for the first time by high-resolution 17O NMR (at 14.1 and 35.2 T). This allowed very detailed insight into (i) the coordination mode of the oleate ligand in Zn-oleate to be achieved (including information on Zn···O distances) and (ii) the mode of attachment of oleic-acid at the surface of ZnO (including novel information on its photoreactivity upon UV-irradiation). Overall, this work demonstrates the high interest of these fatty acid-enrichment protocols for understanding the structure and reactivity of a variety of functional (nano)materials systems using high resolution analyses like 17O NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlyn Fabra
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS,
ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | | | - Chia-Hsin Chen
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS,
ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Aurélien Lebrun
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS,
ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Saad Sene
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS,
ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Kuizhi Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL),
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306,
United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL),
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306,
United States
| | - Christel Gervais
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière
Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), UMR 7574, Sorbonne Université,
CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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Megeressa M, Siraj B, Zarina S, Ahmed A. Structural characterization and in vitro lipid binding studies of non-specific lipid transfer protein 1 (nsLTP1) from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21243. [PMID: 33277525 PMCID: PMC7718255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are cationic proteins involved in intracellular lipid shuttling in growth and reproduction, as well as in defense against pathogenic microbes. Even though the primary and spatial structures of some nsLTPs from different plants indicate their similar features, they exhibit distinct lipid-binding specificities signifying their various biological roles that dictate further structural study. The present study determined the complete amino acid sequence, in silico 3D structure modeling, and the antiproliferative activity of nsLTP1 from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds. Fennel is a member of the family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. It is used as a spice medicine and fresh vegetable. Fennel nsLTP1 was purified using the combination of gel filtration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Its homogeneity was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The purified nsLTP1 was treated with 4-vinyl pyridine, and the modified protein was then digested with trypsin. The complete amino acid sequence of nsLTP1 established by intact protein sequence up to 28 residues, overlapping tryptic peptides, and cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptides. Hence, it is confirmed that fennel nsLTP1 is a 9433 Da single polypeptide chain consisting of 91 amino acids with eight conserved cysteines. Moreover, the 3D structure is predicted to have four α-helices interlinked by three loops and a long C-terminal tail. The lipid-binding property of fennel nsLTP1 is examined in vitro using fluorescent 2-p-toluidinonaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) and validated using a molecular docking study with AutoDock Vina. Both of the binding studies confirmed the order of binding efficiency among the four studied fatty acids linoleic acid > linolenic acid > Stearic acid > Palmitic acid. A preliminary screening of fennel nsLTP1 suppressed the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 6.98 µM after 48 h treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekdes Megeressa
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Bushra Siraj
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shamshad Zarina
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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Yang T, Feng J, Zhang Q, Wu W, Mo H, Huang L, Zhang W. l-Carnitine conjugated chitosan-stearic acid polymeric micelles for improving the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:575-584. [PMID: 32306775 PMCID: PMC7191914 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1748762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A delivery system based on l-carnitine (LC) conjugated chitosan (CS)-stearic acid polymeric micelles has been developed for improving the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel (PTX) through targeting intestinal organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2). Stearic acid grafted chitosan (CS-SA), as micelle skeleton material, was synthesized by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-mediated coupling reaction. The PTX-loaded micelles were prepared by solvent evaporation-hydration method, and the ligand LC was conjugated onto the micelle surface by anchoring its derivative stearoyl group to the lipophilic core of micelle. The modified polymeric micelles showed regular spherical shapes with small particle size of 157.1 ± 5.2 nm and high drug loading capacity of 15.96 ± 0.20 wt%, and the micelle stability in water was supported by low critical micelle concentration of 14.31 ± 0.21 μg/ml. The drug-loaded micelles presented a slow and incomplete in vitro release, and the pharmacokinetic studies indicated the micelle carriers increased the relative bioavailability of PTX to 165.8% against the commercial formulation. The enhancement effect on intestinal absorption was also confirmed by the intracellular uptake of Caco-2 cells. The proposed micelle carrier system manifested a prospective tool for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Hailan Mo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Lanzhen Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
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Alkan F, Varlı HS, Demirbilek M, Kaplan E, Laçin NT. A Cationic Stearamide-based Solid Lipid Nanoparticle for Delivering Yamanaka Factors: Evaluation of the Transfection Efficiency. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:1181-1189. [PMID: 33235824 PMCID: PMC7668193 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC) are preferred as an alternative source for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening due to their unique properties. As seen from the previous studies in the literature, most of the vector systems to transfer reprogramming factors are viral-based and have some well-known limitations. This study aims to develop a non-viral vector system for the transfection of reprogramming factors. Cationic stearamide lipid nanoparticles (CSLN) were prepared via the solvent diffusion method. The obtained CSLNs were used for the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and GFP to fibroblast cell lines. The optimization studies, for zeta potential and particle size of the conjugate, was performed to achieve high cell viability. CSLN63 with 36.5±0.06 mV zeta potential and 173.6±13.91 nm size was used for the transfection of Fibroblast cells. The transfection efficiency was observed by following GFP expression and was found as 70 %±0.11. The expression of the Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 was determined by RT-qPCR; an increase was observed after the 12th cycle in Klf4 (Ct averages: 13,41), Sox2 (Ct averages; 12,4), Oct4 (Ct average; 13,77). The tendency of colonization was observed. The upregulation efficiency of Oct4 and SSEA-1 with CSLN and another non-viral vector designed for the transportation of Yamanaka factors developed in our lab previously were compared with flow cytometer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Alkan
- Yıldız Technical UniversityMolecular Biology and Genetic DepartmentIstanbul34220
| | - Hanife Sevgi Varlı
- Yıldız Technical UniversityMolecular Biology and Genetic DepartmentIstanbul34220
| | - Murat Demirbilek
- Hacettepe UniversityAdvanced Technologies Application and Research Center BeytepeAnkara06800Turkey
| | - Engin Kaplan
- Bülent Ecevit UniversityFaculty of PharmacyZonguldakTurkey
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21
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Asaro F, Boga C, Zorzi RD, Geremia S, Gigli L, Nitti P, Semeraro S. ( R)-10-Hydroxystearic Acid: Crystals vs. Organogel. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218124. [PMID: 33143206 PMCID: PMC7662707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The chiral (R)-10-hydroxystearic acid ((R)-10-HSA) is a positional homologue of both (R)-12-HSA and (R)-9-HSA with the OH group in an intermediate position. While (R)-12-HSA is one of the best-known low-molecular-weight organogelators, (R)-9-HSA is not, but it forms crystals in several solvents. With the aim to gain information on the structural role of hydrogen-bonding interactions of the carbinol OH groups, we investigated the behavior of (R)-10-HSA in various solvents. This isomer displays an intermediate behavior between (R)-9 and (R)-12-HSA, producing a stable gel exclusively in paraffin oil, while it crystallizes in other organic solvents. Here, we report the X-ray structure of a single crystal of (R)-10-HSA as well as some structural information on its polymorphism, obtained through X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). This case study provides new elements to elucidate the structural determinants of the microscopic architectures that lead to the formation of organogels of stearic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (P.N.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (R.D.Z.); Tel.: +39-040-5583951 (F.A.)
| | - Carla Boga
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Rita De Zorzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (P.N.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (R.D.Z.); Tel.: +39-040-5583951 (F.A.)
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (P.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra–Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Nitti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (P.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabrina Semeraro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (P.N.); (S.S.)
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22
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Huang Z, Guo Z, Xie D, Cao Z, Chen L, Wang H, Jiang L, Shen Q. Rhizomucor miehei lipase-catalysed synthesis of cocoa butter equivalent from palm mid-fraction and stearic acid: Characteristics and feasibility as cocoa butter alternative. Food Chem 2020; 343:128407. [PMID: 33129620 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) were prepared through enzymatic interesterification of palm mid-fraction (PMF) with stearic acid (SA). The reaction process parameters were experimented and the performance of the product was analysed. PMF and stearic acid (at a mass ratio of 1:2) were catalysed by 80 g kg-1 enzyme loading of Lipozyme RM IM fromRhizomucor mieheiat 60 °C for 120 min. The yield of the CBE product was more than 92%, and the CBE resembled cocoa butter (CB) in terms of its triacylglycerol composition. The hardness of the CBE product was higher than that of CB at different storage temperatures, but this difference was not obvious at 25 °C. The polymorphic structures and SFC curve of the CBE were similar to those of the CB. In addition, the CBE could be mixed with CB in any ratio without an obvious eutectic phenomena. Up to 40% CBE could be added to CB without significantly affecting the thermodynamic properties of CB. Thus, replacing CB with the CBE product is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Huang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zengwang Guo
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dan Xie
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhenyu Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Jiangsu Yiming Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lianzhou Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Qi Shen
- Aarhuskarlshamn (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200125, China.
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23
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Birjega R, Matei A, Marascu V, Vlad A, Ionita MD, Dinescu M, Zăvoianu R, Corobea MC. Stearic Acid/Layered Double Hydroxides Composite Thin Films Deposited by Combined Laser Techniques. Molecules 2020; 25:E4097. [PMID: 32911637 PMCID: PMC7571018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the investigation of stearic acid-layered double hydroxide (LDH) composite films, with controlled wettability capabilities, deposited by a combined pulsed laser deposition (PLD)-matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) system. Two pulsed lasers working in IR or UV were used for experiments, allowing the use of proper deposition parameters (wavelength, laser fluence, repetition rate) for each organic and inorganic component material. We have studied the time stability and wettability properties of the films and we have seen that the morphology of the surface has a low effect on the wettability of the surfaces. The obtained composite films consist in stearic acid aggregates in LDH structure, exhibiting a shift to hydrophobicity after 36 months of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Birjega
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-16, 077125 Magurele-Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (M.D.I.); (M.D.)
| | - Andreea Matei
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-16, 077125 Magurele-Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (M.D.I.); (M.D.)
| | - Valentina Marascu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-16, 077125 Magurele-Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (M.D.I.); (M.D.)
| | - Angela Vlad
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-16, 077125 Magurele-Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (M.D.I.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Daniela Ionita
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-16, 077125 Magurele-Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (M.D.I.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dinescu
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-16, 077125 Magurele-Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (M.D.I.); (M.D.)
| | - Rodica Zăvoianu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Av., S3, 030018 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihai Cosmin Corobea
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl.Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
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24
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Zarmpi P, Flanagan T, Meehan E, Mann J, Østergaard J, Fotaki N. Biopharmaceutical implications of excipient variability on drug dissolution from immediate release products. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:195-209. [PMID: 32681966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the impact of excipient variability on oral product performance in a biopharmaceutical perspective would be beneficial and allow excipient implementation on Quality by Design (QbD) approaches. The current study investigated the impact of varying viscosity of binders (hypromellose (HPMC)) and superdisintegrants (sodium starch glycolate (SSG)) and particle size distribution of lubricants (magnesium stearate (MgSt)) on the in vitro dissolution of a highly and a poorly soluble drug from immediate release formulations. Compendial (pharmacopoeia buffers) and biorelevant (media simulating the gastrointestinal fluids) media and the USP 2 and USP 4 apparatuses were used to assess the exerted excipient effects on drug dissolution. Real-time dissolution UV imaging provided mechanistic insights into disintegration and dissolution of the immediate release formulations. Varying the viscosity type of HPMC or SSG did not significantly affect drug dissolution irrespective of the compound used. Faster drug dissolution was observed when decreasing the particle size of MgSt for the highly soluble drug. The use of real-time dissolution UV Imaging revealed the influential role of excipient variability on tablet disintegration, as for the highly soluble drug, tablets containing high viscosity HPMC or low particle size MgSt disintegrated faster as compared to the control tablets while for the poorly soluble drug, slower tablet disintegration was observed when increasing the viscosity of the HPMC as compared to the control tablets. Changes in drug dissolution when varying excipients may be anticipated if the excipient change has previously affected drug solubility. The use of multivariate data analysis revealed the influential biopharmaceutical factors such as critical excipient types/properties, drug aqueous solubility, medium/hydrodynamic characteristics affecting the impact of excipient variability on in vitro drug dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zarmpi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - T Flanagan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom; Currently at UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B - 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - E Meehan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - J Mann
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - J Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
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25
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Jangid AK, Patel K, Jain P, Patel S, Gupta N, Pooja D, Kulhari H. Inulin-pluronic-stearic acid based double folded nanomicelles for pH-responsive delivery of resveratrol. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116730. [PMID: 32829852 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a novel amphiphilic bioconjugate (INU-F68-SA), synthesized by functionalization of pluronic F68 with a polysaccharide inulin (INU) and a lipid stearic acid (SA). The synthesis of INU-F68-SA was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis. INU-F68-SA can self-assemble into nanomicelles and therefore, its application in delivering of hydrophobic resveratrol (RSV) was investigated. The RSV-loaded INU-F68-SA nanomicelles (RSNM) had about 172 nm size, spherical shape, 0.237 polydispersity index, and -18 mV zeta potential. More importantly, the RSNM showed high drug entrapment efficiency, controlled drug release and protection of drug during storage. The RSNM significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of RSV against colorectal cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and changing mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, in-vivo pharmacokinetic experiment indicated an improvement in pharmacokinetics of RSV after administering as RSNM. Thus, the use of self-assembled nanomicelles of amphiphilic INU-F68-SA bioconjugate could be a better alternative to overcome the poor in-vitro and in-vivo performance of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jangid
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Krunal Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Poonam Jain
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunita Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- The Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India.
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Kaseke T, Opara UL, Fawole OA. Effect of Blanching Pomegranate Seeds on Physicochemical Attributes, Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Extracted Oil. Molecules 2020; 25:E2554. [PMID: 32486338 PMCID: PMC7321380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of blanching pomegranate seeds (PS) on oil yield, refractive index (RI), yellowness index (YI), conjugated dienes (K232), conjugated trienes (K270), total carotenoid content (TCC), total phenolic compounds (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging of the extracted oil. Furthermore, phytosterol and fatty acid compositions of the oil extracted under optimum blanching conditions were compared with those from the oil extracted from unblanched PS. Three different blanching temperature levels (80, 90, and 100 °C) were studied at a constant blanching time of 3 min. The blanching time was then increased to 5 min at the established optimum blanching temperature (90 °C). Blanching PS increased oil yield, K232, K270, stigmasterol, punicic acid, TPC and DPPH radical scavenging, whereas YI, β-sitosterol, palmitic acid and linoleic acid were decreased. The RI, TCC, brassicasterol, stearic acid, oleic acid and arachidic acid of the extracted oil were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by blanching. Blanching PS at 90 °C for 3 to 5 min was associated with oil yield, TPC and DPPH. Blanching PS at 90 °C for 3 to 5 min will not only increase oil yield but could also improve functional properties such as antioxidant activity, which are desirable in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa Kaseke
- Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Umezuruike Linus Opara
- Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
- Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Olaniyi Amos Fawole
- Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
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27
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Martin B, Garrait G, Beyssac E, Goudouneche D, Perez E, Franceschi S. Organogel Nanoparticles as a New Way to Improve Oral Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Compounds. Pharm Res 2020; 37:92. [PMID: 32394200 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02808-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate organogel nanoparticles as a lipophilic vehicle to increase the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. Efavirenz (EFV), a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II, was used as drug model. METHODS Organogel nanoparticles loaded with EFV were formulated with sunflower oil, 12-hydroxystearic acid (HSA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Various parameters have been investigated in the current study such as (i) the release profile of organogel assessed by USP 4 cell flow dialysis, (ii) the impact of organogel on intestinal absorption, using Caco-2 cells as in vitro model and jejunum segments as ex vivo assay and (iii) the bioavailability of organogel following oral pharmacokinetic study. RESULTS 250-300 nm spherical particles with a final concentration of 4.75 mg/mL drug loading were obtained, corresponding to a thousand fold increase in EFV solubility, combined to a very high encapsulation efficiency (>99.8%). Due to rapid diffusion, drug was immediately released from the nanoparticles. The biopharmaceutical evaluation on ex vivo jejunum segments demonstrated an increased absorption of EFV from organogel nanoparticles compare to a native EFV suspension. In vitro assays combining Caco-2 cell cultures with TEM and confocal microscopy demonstrated passive diffusion, while paracellular integrity and endocytosis activity remain expelled. Oral pharmacokinetics of EFV organogel nanoparticles improve oral bioavailability (Fr: 249%) and quick absorption compared to EFV suspension. CONCLUSION Organogel nanoparticles increase the bioavailability of BCS Class II drugs. The main phenomena is simply oil transfer from the gelled particles through the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghislain Garrait
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Beyssac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Dominique Goudouneche
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, 113 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Emile Perez
- Université de Toulouse, UPS/CNRS, IMRCP, Toulouse, France
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Jain P, Bhagat S, Tunki L, Jangid AK, Singh S, Pooja D, Kulhari H. Serotonin-Stearic Acid Bioconjugate-Coated Completely Biodegradable Mn 3O 4 Nanocuboids for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Targeting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:10170-10182. [PMID: 32045206 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a serotonin-stearic acid (ST-SA)-based bioconjugate was synthesized for the surface modification of manganese oxide-based nanocuboids (MNCs) for delivering of anticancer drug (i.e., doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX)) to human liver cancer cells. MNCs were synthesized by chemical precipitation method, and their surface was modified with ST-SA bioconjugate for targeting of MNCs to cancer cells. The ST-SA@MNCs along with DOX showed good colloidal stability, high drug encapsulation (98.3%), and drug loading efficiencies (22.9%) as well as pH-responsive biodegradation. Coating with ST-SA conjugate provided a shield to MNCs which sustained their degradation in an acidic environment. The release of DOX was higher (81.4%) in acidic media than under the physiological conditions (20.5%) up to 192 h. The in vitro anti-proliferation assay showed that ST-SA@MNCs exhibit higher cell growth inhibition compared to that of pure DOX after 48 h of treatment. The cellular uptake and apoptosis studies revealed the enhanced uptake of ST-SA@MNCs in contrast to the MNCs due to overexpressed ST receptor on hepatocellular carcinoma cells and triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species in the cells. Therefore, these results indicated that the DOX-loaded, ST-SA stabilized MNCs improved the therapeutic index of DOX and would be a promising therapeutic candidate for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Jain
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030 Gujarat, India
| | - Stuti Bhagat
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India
| | - Lakshmi Tunki
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ashok Kumar Jangid
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030 Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030 Gujarat, India
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29
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Lerata MS, D’Souza S, Sibuyi NR, Dube A, Meyer M, Samaai T, Antunes EM, Beukes DR. Encapsulation of Variabilin in Stearic Acid Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Enhances Its Anticancer Activity in Vitro. Molecules 2020; 25:E830. [PMID: 32074951 PMCID: PMC7070932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products as chemotherapeutic agents is well established; however, many of these are associated with undesirable side effects, including high toxicity and instability. Furthermore, the development of drug resistant cancers makes the search for new anticancer lead compounds a priority. In this study, the extraction of an Ircinia sp. sponge resulted in the isolation of an inseparable mixture of (7E,12E,20Z)-variabilin (1) and (7E,12Z,20Z)-variabilin (2) and structural assignment was established using standard 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The cytotoxic activity of the compound against three solid tumour cell lines displayed moderate anti-cancer activity through apoptosis, together with a general lack of selectivity among the cancer cell lines studied. Structural assignment and cytotoxic evaluation of variabilin was complicated and further aggravated by its inherent instability. Variabilin was therefore incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and the stability and cytotoxic activity evaluated. Encapsulation of variabilin into SLNs led to a marked improvement in stability of the natural product coupled with enhanced cytotoxic activity, particularly against the prostate (PC-3) cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 87.74 μM vs. 8.94 μM for the variabilin alone and Var-SLN, respectively. Both variabilin and Var-SLN revealed comparable activity to Ceramide against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, revealing IC50 values of 34.8, 38.1 and 33.6 μM for variabilin, Var-SLN and Ceramide, respectively. These samples revealed no activity (>100 μM for all) against HT-29 (colon) cell lines and MCF-12 (normal breast) cell lines. Var-SLNs induced 47, 48 and 59% of apoptosis in HT-29, MCF-7 and PC-3 cells, respectively, while variabilin alone revealed 38, 29 and 29% apoptotic cells for HT-29, MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively. The encapsulation of natural products into SLNs may provide a promising approach to overcome some of the issues hindering the development of new anticancer drugs from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mookho S. Lerata
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.S.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Sarah D’Souza
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.S.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicole R.S. Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Technology/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (DST/Mintek NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa (M.M.)
| | - Admire Dube
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.S.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Technology/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (DST/Mintek NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa (M.M.)
| | - Toufiek Samaai
- Department of Environmental Affairs, Oceans and Coasts Research Chief Directorate, Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research, Victoria & Alfred Waterfront, P.O. Box 52126, Cape Town 8000, South Africa;
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Edith M. Antunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Denzil R. Beukes
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (M.S.L.); (A.D.)
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Whittle EJ, Cai Y, Keereetaweep J, Chai J, Buist PH, Shanklin J. Castor Stearoyl-ACP Desaturase Can Synthesize a Vicinal Diol by Dioxygenase Chemistry. Plant Physiol 2020; 182:730-738. [PMID: 31806737 PMCID: PMC6997704 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In previous work, we identified a triple mutant of the castor (Ricinus communis) stearoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein desaturase (T117R/G188L/D280K) that, in addition to introducing a double bond into stearate to produce oleate, performed an additional round of oxidation to convert oleate to a trans allylic alcohol acid. To determine the contributions of each mutation, in this work we generated individual castor desaturase mutants carrying residue changes corresponding to those in the triple mutant and investigated their catalytic activities. We observed that T117R, and to a lesser extent D280K, accumulated a novel product, namely erythro-9,10-dihydroxystearate, that we identified via its methyl ester through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comparison with authentic standards. The use of 18O2 labeling showed that the oxygens of both hydroxyl moieties originate from molecular oxygen rather than water. Incubation with an equimolar mixture of 18O2 and 16O2 demonstrated that both hydroxyl oxygens originate from a single molecule of O2, proving the product is the result of dioxygenase catalysis. Using prolonged incubation, we discovered that wild-type castor desaturase is also capable of forming erythro-9,10-dihydroxystearate, which presents a likely explanation for its accumulation to ∼0.7% in castor oil, the biosynthetic origin of which had remained enigmatic for decades. In summary, the findings presented here expand the documented constellation of di-iron enzyme catalysis to include a dioxygenase reactivity in which an unactivated alkene is converted to a vicinal diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Whittle
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Yuanheng Cai
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - Jin Chai
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Peter H Buist
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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Almakaiev M, Vashchenko O, Sofronov D, Budianska L, Lisetski L. Investigation of thioctic acid, magnesium stearate and pyridoxine hydrochloride compatibility. Ceska Slov Farm 2020; 69:43-47. [PMID: 32460509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To identify possible interactions of components in dosage forms, studies are usually carried out at the stage of pharmaceutical development. Such studies can predict compatibility of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients in order to optimize drug formulation and certain parameters of technological process. Compatibility of some components of a newly developed neuroprotective medicinal product Neuronucleos, namely, thioctic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, magnesium stearate and magnesium lactate, was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). No interactions were observed between thioctic acid and pyridoxine hydrochloride. Formation of an intermolecular complex between thioctic acid and magnesium stearate was established, in which this acid substitutes the crystalline water of magnesium stearate. No significant interactions were found for magnesium lactate with thioctic acid or magnesium stearate. Thus, pharmaceutical compatibility of the most of the tested Neuronucleos components was studied and established, with the only exception (thioctic acid with magnesium stearate). Moreover, the present study provides valuable information about thermal effects in a certain temperature range, which is important for setting the technological process parameters.
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Sai N, Dong X, Huang P, You L, Yang C, Liu Y, Wang W, Wu H, Yu Y, Du Y, Leng X, Yin X, Qu C, Ni J. A Novel Gel-Forming Solution Based on PEG-DSPE/Solutol HS 15 Mixed Micelles and Gellan Gum for Ophthalmic Delivery of Curcumin. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010081. [PMID: 31878332 PMCID: PMC6983186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) is a naturally hydrophobic polyphenol with potential pharmacological properties. However, the poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin limits its ocular administration. Thus, the aim of this study was to prepare a mixed micelle in situ gelling system of curcumin (Cur-MM-ISG) for ophthalmic drug delivery. The curcumin mixed micelles (Cur-MMs) were prepared via the solvent evaporation method, after which they were incorporated into gellan gum gels. Characterization tests showed that Cur-MMs were small in size and spherical in shape, with a low critical micelle concentration. Compared with free curcumin, Cur-MMs improved the solubility and stability of curcumin significantly. The ex vivo penetration study revealed that Cur-MMs could penetrate the rabbit cornea more efficiently than the free curcumin. After dispersing the micelles in the gellan gum solution at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v), a transparent Cur-MM-ISG with the characteristics of a pseudoplastic fluid was formed. No obvious irritations were observed in the rabbit eyes after ocular instillation of Cur-MM-ISG. Moreover, Cur-MM-ISG showed a longer retention time on the corneal surface when compared to Cur-MMs using the fluorescein sodium labeling method. These findings indicate that biocompatible Cur-MM-ISG has great potential in ophthalmic drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- School of pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Pingqing Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Chunjing Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wenping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Huimin Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yingchao Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xin Leng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: (C.Q.); (J.N.); Tel.: +86-010-6428-6407 (J.N.)
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (N.S.); (X.D.); (P.H.); (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: (C.Q.); (J.N.); Tel.: +86-010-6428-6407 (J.N.)
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Tornmalm J, Piguet J, Chmyrov V, Widengren J. Imaging of intermittent lipid-receptor interactions reflects changes in live cell membranes upon agonist-receptor binding. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18133. [PMID: 31792325 PMCID: PMC6889430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-lipid interactions in cellular membranes modulate central cellular functions, are often transient in character, but occur too intermittently to be readily observable. We introduce transient state imaging (TRAST), combining sensitive fluorescence detection of fluorophore markers with monitoring of their dark triplet state transitions, allowing imaging of such protein-lipid interactions. We first determined the dark state kinetics of the biomembrane fluorophore 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-yl (NBD) in lipid vesicles, and how its triplet state is quenched by spin-labels in the same membranes. We then monitored collisional quenching of NBD-lipid derivatives by spin-labelled stearic acids in live cell plasma membranes, and of NBD-lipid derivatives by spin-labelled G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). We could then resolve transient interactions between the GPCRs and different lipids, how these interactions changed upon GPCR activation, thereby demonstrating a widely applicable means to image and characterize transient molecular interactions in live cell membranes in general, not within reach via traditional fluorescence readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Tornmalm
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, KTH, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Piguet
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, KTH, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, KTH, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Li Y, Zhao S, Li S, Ge Y, Wang R, Zheng L, Xu J, Sun M, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Wei H. Surface Engineering of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Enhanced Orthopedic Implants. Small 2019; 15:e1904486. [PMID: 31755651 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys have been promised for biomedical implants in orthopedic field, however, the fast corrosion rate and mode challenge their clinical application. To push Mg alloys materials into practice, a composite coating with biodegradable and high compatible components to improve anticorrosion property of an Mg alloy (i.e., AZ31) is designed and fabricated. The inner layer is micro-nano structured Mg(OH)2 through hydrothermal treatment. Then stearic acid (SA) is introduced to modify Mg(OH)2 for better reducing the gap below a surface-degradation polymer layer of poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate). Benefited by the SA modification effect, this sandwiched coating avoids corrosive medium penetration via enhancing the adhesion strength at the interface between outer and inner layers. Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicate that the composite coating modified AZ31 perform a better anticorrosion behavior and biocompatibility compared to bare AZ31. Strikingly, a 1.7-fold improvement in volume of newly formed bone is observed surrounding the composite coating modified implant after 12 week implantation. The sandwiched biocompatible coating strategy paves a hopeful way for future translational application of Mg alloys orthopedic materials in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Sirong Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Minghui Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hui Wei
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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35
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Lapham DP, Lapham JL. BET surface area measurement of commercial magnesium stearate by krypton adsorption in preference to nitrogen adsorption. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118522. [PMID: 31319149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren P Lapham
- MCA Services, Unit 1A Long Barn, North End, Meldreth, Cambridgeshire, UK.
| | - Julie L Lapham
- MCA Services, Unit 1A Long Barn, North End, Meldreth, Cambridgeshire, UK
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Xi Y, Jiang T, Yu Y, Yu J, Xue M, Xu N, Wen J, Wang W, He H, Shen Y, Chen D, Ye X, Webster TJ. Dual targeting curcumin loaded alendronate-hyaluronan- octadecanoic acid micelles for improving osteosarcoma therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6425-6437. [PMID: 31496695 PMCID: PMC6691947 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s211981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curcumin (CUR) is a general ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, which has potential antitumor effects. However, its use clinically has been limited due to its low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. In order to improve the therapeutic effect of CUR on osteosarcoma (i.e., bone cancer), a multifunctional micelle was developed here by combining active bone accumulating ability with tumor CD44 targeting capacity. METHODS The CUR loaded micelles were self-assembled by using alendronate-hyaluronic acid-octadecanoic acid (ALN-HA-C18) as an amphiphilic material. The obtained micelles were characterized for size and drug loading. In addition, the in vitro release behavior of CUR was investigated under PBS (pH 5.7) medium containing 1% Tween 80 at 37℃. Furthermore, an hydroxyapatite (the major inorganic component of bone) affinity experiment was studied. In vitro antitumor activity was evaluated. Finally, the anti-tumor efficiency was studied. RESULTS The size and drug loading of the CUR loaded ALN-HA-C18 micelles were about 118 ± 3.6 nm and 6 ± 1.2%, respectively. CUR was released from the ALN-HA-C18 micelles in a sustained manner after 12 h. The hydroxyapatite affinity experiment indicated that CUR loaded ALN-HA-C18 micelles exhibited a high affinity to bone. CUR loaded ALN-HA-C18 micelles exhibited much higher cytotoxic activity against MG-63 cells compared to free CUR. Finally, CUR loaded ALN-HA-C18 micelles effectively delayed anti-tumor growth properties in osteosarcoma bearing mice as compared with free CUR. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that ALN-HA-C18 is a novel promising micelle for osteosarcoma targeting and delivery of the hydrophobic anticancer drug CUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Xi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingwang Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine of Changshu, Changshu215500, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinglan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangmin Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mintao Xue
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Wen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daquan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Asaro F, Boga C, Demitri N, De Zorzi R, Drioli S, Gigli L, Micheletti G, Nitti P, Zangrando E. X-Ray Crystal Structures and Organogelator Properties of (R)-9-Hydroxystearic Acid. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152854. [PMID: 31390777 PMCID: PMC6695734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(R)-9-hydroxystearic acid, (R)-9-HSA, is a chiral nonracemic hydroxyacid of natural origin possessing interesting properties as an antiproliferative agent against different cancer types. Considering its potential application for medical and pharmaceutical purposes, the structures and rheological properties of (R)-9-HSA were investigated. Oscillatory rheology measurements reveal that (R)-9-HSA gels only paraffin oil, with less efficiency and thermal stability than its positional isomer (R)-12-HSA. Conversely, (R)-9-HSA affords crystals from methanol, acetonitrile, and carbon tetrachloride. The single crystal structures obtained both at 293 K and 100 K show non-centrosymmetric twisted carboxylic acid dimers linked at the midchain OHs into long, unidirectional chains of hydrogen bonds, owing to head-tail ordering of the molecules. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction experiments, performed on the solids obtained from different solvents, show the occurrence of polymorphism in paraffin oil and through thermal treatment of the solid from methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Carla Boga
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita De Zorzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Drioli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Micheletti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nitti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Anžlovar A, Primožič M, Švab I, Leitgeb M, Knez Ž, Žagar E. Polyolefin/ZnO Composites Prepared by Melt Processing. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132432. [PMID: 31269674 PMCID: PMC6651218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Composites of polyolefin matrices (HDPE and PP) were prepared by melt processing using two commercially available nano ZnO powders (Zinkoxyd aktiv and Zano 20). The mechanical and thermal properties, UV-Vis stability, and antibacterial activity of composites were studied. Tensile testing revealed that both nano ZnO types have no particular effect on the mechanical properties of HDPE composites, while some positive trends are observed for the PP-based composites, but only when Zano 20 was used as a nanofiller. Minimal changes in mechanical properties of composites are supported by an almost unaffected degree of crystallinity of polymer matrix. All polyolefin/ZnO composites exposed to artificial sunlight for 8–10 weeks show more pronounced color change than pure matrices. This effect is more evident for the HDPE than for the PP based composites. Color change also depends on the ZnO concentration and type; composites with Zano 20 show more intense color changes than those prepared with Zinkoxyd aktiv. Results of the antibacterial properties study show very high activity of polyolefin/ZnO composites against Staphylococcus aureus regardless of the ZnO surface modification, while antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli shows only the composites prepared with unmodified ZnO. This phenomenon is explained by different membrane structure of gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alojz Anžlovar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Primožič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Švab
- ISOKON d.o.o., Industrijska cesta 16, SI-3210 Slovenske Konjice, Slovenia
| | - Maja Leitgeb
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Xu L, Yang R. Stearic Acid/Inorganic Porous Matrix Phase Change Composite for Hot Water Systems. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081482. [PMID: 30991751 PMCID: PMC6515142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The storage and utilization of waste heat in low and medium temperature ranges using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective technology to improve energy utilization efficiency in combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. In this paper, stearic acid/inorganic porous matrix phase change composites were developed to store waste heat for hot water systems. Among them, stearic acid/expanded graphite (EG) phase change composite was highlighted and the thermal physical properties, the dynamic response, and the long-term cyclic stability were evaluated. The stearic acid concentrations in the composites were over 95 wt%. The thermal diffusion coefficients were 3–5 times higher than pure stearic acid, independent of composite densities. Accordingly, the heat storage and release times were decreased by up to 41% and 55%, respectively. After 100 cycles, the composites maintained good dynamic response and long-term cyclic stability, with heat storage density of 122–152 MJ/m3. Hence, this stearic acid/EG phase change composite exhibits excellent comprehensive performances. It is also easy to be prepared and flexible for various types of heat exchangers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Sahraei Belverdy M, Alamouti AA, Khadem AA, González J, Carro MD, Kianmehr MH, Azizi MH. Encapsulation of soybean meal with fats enriched in palmitic and stearic acids: effects on rumen-undegraded protein and in vitro intestinal digestibility. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:158-169. [PMID: 30777461 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1575657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fat coating of soybean meal (SBM) can reduce its protein degradability in the rumen, but the encapsulation of SBM with palmitic (PA) and stearic acids (SA) has not yet been investigated, despite both fatty acids are common energy sources in dairy cow diets. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of applying a novel method, using either 400 or 500 g fat/kg (treatments FL40 and FL50, respectively), which was enriched in PA and SA at different ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100), on physical and chemical characteristics, ruminal degradability, solubility and in vitro intestinal protein digestibility (IVIPD) of the obtained products. Encapsulation of SBM in fat resulted in greater mean particle size and lower bulk density and protein solubility than unprotected SBM (USBM). Treatment FL50 resulted in increased (p < 0.01) rumen-undegraded protein (RUP) compared to USBM. There were no differences in RUP of SBM when different PA: SA ratios were used. The mean RUP content of treatments FL40 and FL50 (306 and 349 g/kg, respectively) was greater compared to USBM (262 g/kg, p < 0.05), but lower than that for a standard heat-treated SBM (431 g/kg). Values of IVIPD did not differ among SBM, heat-treated SBM and FL40 and FL50 samples, all being greater than 97.8%. In conclusion, encapsulation of SBM with fats enriched in PA and SA proved to be effective in reducing protein solubility and increasing RUP without depressing protein digestibility in the intestine. For validation of the method, in vivo research to investigate the effects of these products on the production of dairy cows is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sahraei Belverdy
- a Department of Animal and Poultry Science , College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali A Alamouti
- a Department of Animal and Poultry Science , College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Khadem
- a Department of Animal and Poultry Science , College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht , Tehran , Iran
| | - Javier González
- b Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Carro
- b Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Azizi
- d Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture , Tarbait Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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Chen Q, Zhu C, Huo D, Xue J, Cheng H, Guan B, Xia Y. Continuous processing of phase-change materials into uniform nanoparticles for near-infrared-triggered drug release. Nanoscale 2018; 10:22312-22318. [PMID: 30467567 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a method based on interfacial, anti-solvent-induced precipitation in a fluidic device for the continuous and scalable processing of phase-change materials (PCMs) into uniform nanoparticles with controlled diameters in the range of 10-100 nm. A eutectic mixture of lauric acid and stearic acid, with a well-defined melting point at 39 °C, serves as an example to demonstrate the concept. In the fluidic device, a coaxial flow is created by introducing a PCM solution in ethanol and a lipid solution in water (the anti-solvent) as the focused and focusing phases, respectively. The formation of lipid-capped PCM nanoparticles is governed by diffusion-controlled mixing of ethanol and water. During the production, both doxorubicin (DOX, an anticancer drug) and indocyanine green (ICG, a near-infrared dye) can be readily loaded into the PCM nanoparticles to give a smart drug release system. Upon irradiation with near-infrared light, the photothermal heating caused by ICG can melt the PCM and thereby trigger the release of DOX. This work not only provides a new technique for the continuous processing of PCMs and other soft materials into uniform nanoparticles with controlled sizes but also demonstrates a biocompatible system for controlled release and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshan Chen
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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Brown RP, Gallagher MJ, Fairbrother DH, Rosenzweig Z. Synthesis and Degradation of Cadmium-Free InP and InPZn/ZnS Quantum Dots in Solution. Langmuir 2018; 34:13924-13934. [PMID: 30351964 PMCID: PMC6402331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study advances the chemical research community toward the goal of replacing toxic cadmium-containing quantum dots (QDs) with environmentally benign InP QDs. The InP QD synthesis uniquely combines the previously reported use of InP magic-sized clusters (MSCs) as a single-source precursor for indium and phosphorus to form InP QDs, with zinc incorporation and subsequent ZnS shelling, to form InPZn/ZnS QDs with luminescence properties comparable to those of commonly used cadmium-containing luminescent QDs. The resulting InPZn/ZnS QDs have an emission quantum yield of about 50% across a broad range of emission peak wavelengths and emission peaks averaging 50 nm fwhm. The emission peak wavelength can be easily tuned by varying the Zn/In ratio in the reaction mixture. The strategy of using zinc stearate to tune the emission properties is advantageous as it does not lead to a loss of emission quantum yield or emission peak broadening. Although the initial optical properties of InP and InPZn/ZnS QDs are promising, thermal stability measurements of InPZn QDs show significant degradation in the absence of a shell compared to the CdSe QDs particularly at increased temperature in the presence of oxygen, which is indicative of thermal oxidation. There is no significant difference in the degradation rate of InP QDs made from molecular precursors and from MSCs. Additionally, the emission intensity and quantum yield of InPZn/ZnS QDs when purified and diluted in organic solvents under ambient conditions decrease significantly compared to those of CdSe/ZnS QDs. This indicates instability of the ZnS shell when prepared by common literature methods. This must be improved to realize high-quality, robust Cd-free QDs with the capability of replacing CdSe QDs in QD technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Miranda J. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - D. Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zeev Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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Li J, Li S, Cheng S, Tsona NT, Du L. Emerging investigator series: exploring the surface properties of aqueous aerosols coated with mixed surfactants. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2018; 20:1500-1511. [PMID: 30371711 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00419f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mixed Langmuir monolayers of cholesterol with both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, stearic acid (SA), and oleic acid (OA) spread at the air-seawater surface were studied. The phase behavior, molecular interaction, and conformational order of the monolayers were investigated by surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) measurements. The thermodynamic parameters of the mixed films, including excess molecular area and excess Gibbs free energy were calculated by using the isotherm data. The interaction between SA (or OA) and cholesterol varied with the molar fraction of the fatty acids and surface pressure. OA/chol monolayers showed the characteristics of miscibility, but they acted as nonideal systems. Cholesterol has been observed to have a stabilizing effect on OA monolayers. The negative values of the excess Gibbs free energy in the entire composition range demonstrated that mixed OA/chol monolayers were thermodynamically stable. IRRAS spectra showed that mixing with cholesterol changes the ordering of fatty acid monolayers at the air-seawater surface. The findings provide general information regarding the structural changes in the monolayer induced by lateral packing. These results help in the understanding of the mixing behavior of fatty acids and cholesterol and provide insights into the fate of the mixed-monolayer-coated sea salt aerosol in the ocean environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Yu H, Liu L, Yang H, Zhou R, Che C, Li X, Li C, Luan S, Yin J, Shi H. Water-Insoluble Polymeric Guanidine Derivative and Application in the Preparation of Antibacterial Coating of Catheter. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:39257-39267. [PMID: 30346131 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial coatings have been considered as an effective method for preventing the implant-associated infections caused by the bacterial colonization. In this study, we report a water-insoluble polyelectrolyte-surfactant complex, poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride-sodium stearate (PHMB-SS) that can be facilely coated onto the surfaces of biomedical catheter and kill the bacteria by releasing the PHMB and prevent the generation of the biofilm. The PHMB-SS-coated surfaces showed better bactericidal activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The PHMB-SS-coated catheters could not only relatively prevent the bacterial colonization in vitro but also in an implant-associated bacterial infection animal model in vivo. Moreover, no significant cytotoxicity and host response were observed in vitro and in vivo, indicating the high biocompatibility of the coating. The water-insoluble antibacterial coating reported in this work represents a novel approach to build a simple and effective coating for the prevention of device-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Huawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Rongtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Che
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Hengchong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
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Cheng WJ, Chen LC, Ho HO, Lin HL, Sheu MT. Stearyl polyethylenimine complexed with plasmids as the core of human serum albumin nanoparticles noncovalently bound to CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids or siRNA for disrupting or silencing PD-L1 expression for immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7079-7094. [PMID: 30464460 PMCID: PMC6220435 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s181440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, a double emulsion method for complexing plasmids with stearyl poly-ethylenimine (stPEI) as the core to form human serum albumin (HSA) (plasmid/stPEI/HSA) nanoparticles (NPs) was developed for gene delivery by non-covalently binding onto plasmid/stPEI/HSA nanoparticles with CRISPR/Cas9 or siRNA, which disrupts or silences the expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) for immunotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemically synthesized stearyl-polyethyenimine (stPEI)/plasmids/HSA nanoparticles were maded by double emulsion method. They were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope and also evaluated by in vitro study on CT 26 cells. RESULTS stPEI was synthesized by an N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)-N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) reaction, and we found that the degree of substitution was ~1.0 when the ratio of PEI to stearic acid was 1:7 in the reaction. Then, two sgRNA sequences were selected and evaluated for their ability to knock out PD-L1 by decreasing its expression by about 20%. Based on the trend of particle size/zeta potential values as a function of ratio, F25P1 containing 25 μg of plasmid/stPEI/HSA NPs noncovalently bound to 1 μg plasmids via charge-charge interactions was found to be optimal. Its particle size was about 202.7±4.5 nm, and zeta potential was 12.60±0.15 mV. In an in vitro study, these NPs showed little cytotoxicity but high cellular uptake. Moreover, they revealed the potential for transfection and PD-L1 knockout in an in vitro cell model. Furthermore, F25P1S0.5 containing 25 μg of plasmid/stPEI/HSA NPs noncovalently bound to 1 μg of plasmids and 0.5 μg siRNA was prepared to simultaneously deliver plasmids and siRNA. An in vitro study demonstrated that the siRNA did not interfere with the transfection of plasmids and showed a high-transfection efficiency with a synergistic effect on inhibition of PD-L1 expression by 21.95%. CONCLUSION The plasmids/stPEI/HSA NPs could be a promising tool for gene delivery and improved immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Ling-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-O Ho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Hong-Liang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,
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Khaliullin TO, Kisin ER, Yanamala N, Guppi S, Harper M, Lee T, Shvedova AA. Comparative cytotoxicity of respirable surface-treated/untreated calcium carbonate rock dust particles in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 362:67-76. [PMID: 30393145 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate rock dust (RD) is used in mining to reduce the explosivity of aerosolized coal. During the dusting procedures, potential for human exposure occurs, raising health concerns. To improve RD aerosolization, several types of anti-caking surface treatments exist. The aim of the study was to evaluate cytotoxicity of four respirable RD samples: untreated/treated limestone (UL/TL), untreated/treated marble (UM/TM), and crystalline silica (SiO2) as a positive control in A549 and THP-1 transformed human cell lines. Respirable fractions were generated and collected using FSP10 high flow-rate cyclone samplers. THP-1 cells were differentiated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (20 ng/ml, 48 h). Cells were exposed to seven different concentrations of RD and SiO2 (0-0.2 mg/ml). RD caused a slight decrease in viability at 24 or 72 h post-exposure and were able to induce inflammatory cytokine production in A549 cells, however, with considerably less potency than SiO2. In THP-1 cells at 24 h, there was significant dose-dependent lactate dehydrogenase, inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release. Caspase-1 activity was increased in SiO2- and, on a lesser scale, in TM- exposed cells. To test if the increased toxicity of TM was uptake-related, THP-1 cells were pretreated with Cytochalasin D (CytD) or Bafilomycin A (BafA), followed by exposure to RD or SiO2 for 6 h. CytD blocked the uptake and significantly decreased cytotoxicity of all particles, while BafA prevented caspase-1 activation but not cytotoxic effects of TM. Only TM was able to induce an inflammatory response in THP-1 cells, however it was much less pronounced compared to silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur O Khaliullin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; West Virginia University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, PO Box 9229, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Elena R Kisin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Supraja Guppi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Martin Harper
- Zefon International, 5350 SW 1st Lane, Ocala, FL 34474, USA.
| | - Taekhee Lee
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; West Virginia University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, PO Box 9229, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Prabakaran M, Lee KJ, An Y, Kwon C, Kim S, Yang Y, Ahmad A, Kim SH, Chung IM. Changes in Soybean ( Glycine max L.) Flour Fatty-Acid Content Based on Storage Temperature and Duration. Molecules 2018; 23:E2713. [PMID: 30347888 PMCID: PMC6222662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are low in saturated fat and a rich source of protein, dietary fiber, and isoflavone; however, their nutritional shelf life is yet to be established. This study evaluated the change in the stability and quality of fatty acids in raw and roasted soybean flour under different storage temperatures and durations. In both types of soybean flour, the fatty-acid content was the highest in the order of linoleic acid (18-carbon chain with two double bonds; C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1), palmitic acid (C16:0), linolenic acid (18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which represented 47%, 26%, 12%, 9%, and 4% of the total fatty-acid content, respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acids of raw soybean flour-oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid-decreased by 30.0%, 94.4%, and 97.7%, and 38.0%, 94.8%, and 98.0% when stored in polyethylene and polypropylene film, respectively, after 48 weeks of storage under high-temperature conditions. These values were later increased due to hydrolysis. This study presents the changes in composition and content of two soybean flour types and the changes in quality and stability of fatty acids in response to storage temperature and duration. This study shows the influence of storage conditions and temperature on the nutritional quality which is least affected by packing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayakrishnan Prabakaran
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Jin Lee
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yeonju An
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chang Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yujin Yang
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Almeida EDP, Dipieri LV, Rossetti FC, Marchetti JM, Bentley MVLB, Nunes RDS, Sarmento VHV, Valerio MEG, Rodrigues Júnior JJ, Montalvão MM, Correa CB, Lira AAM. Skin permeation, biocompatibility and antitumor effect of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine associated to oleic acid in lipid nanoparticles. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:262-273. [PMID: 30290231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and characterize lipid nanoparticles (LNs) containing chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) to reduce the aggregation of the drug and improve its skin penetration and its antitumor effect. LNs were prepared and characterized by using stearic acid (SA) as solid lipid and oleic acid (OA) as liquid lipid in different proportions. in vitro and in vivo skin penetration was evaluated using modified Franz diffusion cells and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. in vitro biocompatibility and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) were performed using L929-fibroblasts cell line and A549 cancer cell line and melanoma BF16-F10, respectively. OA promoted the increase in the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading, reaching values of 95.8% and 4%, respectively. The formulation with 40% OA (NLC 40) showed a significantly higher (p < 0.01) amount of drug retained in the skin compared to other formulations. All formulations developed were considered biocompatible. PDT evidenced the antitumor efficacy of NLC 40 with reduced cell viability for approximately 10% of cancer cells, demonstrating that the presence of OA in the NLC seems to potentialize this antitumor effect. PDT in BF16-F10 melanoma using NLC 40 resulted in a reduction in mean cell viability of approximately 99%. According to the results obtained, the systems developed may be promising for the incorporation of ClAlPc in the treatment of skin cancer by photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Denise P Almeida
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-00, Brazil
| | - Lívia V Dipieri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fábia C Rossetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Marchetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Vitória L B Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Rogéria de S Nunes
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-00, Brazil
| | - Víctor Hugo V Sarmento
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, Sergipe, 49500-000, Brazil
| | - Mário Ernesto G Valerio
- Departament of Physics, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Monalisa M Montalvão
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane B Correa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia M Lira
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-00, Brazil.
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Yasar H, Biehl A, De Rossi C, Koch M, Murgia X, Loretz B, Lehr CM. Kinetics of mRNA delivery and protein translation in dendritic cells using lipid-coated PLGA nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:72. [PMID: 30231888 PMCID: PMC6145106 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Messenger RNA (mRNA) has gained remarkable attention as an alternative to DNA-based therapies in biomedical research. A variety of biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed including lipid-based and polymer-based systems for mRNA delivery. However, both systems still lack in achieving an efficient transfection rate and a detailed understanding of the mRNA transgene expression kinetics. Therefore, quantitative analysis of the time-dependent translation behavior would provide a better understanding of mRNA's transient nature and further aid the enhancement of appropriate carriers with the perspective to generate future precision nanomedicines with quick response to treat various diseases. RESULTS A lipid-polymer hybrid system complexed with mRNA was evaluated regarding its efficiency to transfect dendritic cells (DCs) by simultaneous live cell video imaging of both particle uptake and reporter gene expression. We prepared and optimized NPs consisting of poly (lactid-co-glycolid) (PLGA) coated with the cationic lipid 1, 2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium propane abbreviated as LPNs. An earlier developed polymer-based delivery system (chitosan-PLGA NPs) served for comparison. Both NPs types were complexed with mRNA-mCherry at various ratios. While cellular uptake and toxicity of either NPs was comparable, LPNs showed a significantly higher transfection efficiency of ~ 80% while chitosan-PLGA NPs revealed only ~ 5%. Further kinetic analysis elicited a start of protein translation after 1 h, with a maximum after 4 h and drop of transgene expression after 48 h post-transfection, in agreement with the transient nature of mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Charge-mediated complexation of mRNA to NPs enables efficient and fast cellular delivery and subsequent protein translation. While cellular uptake of both NP types was comparable, mRNA transgene expression was superior to polymer-based NPs when delivered by lipid-polymer NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzey Yasar
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexander Biehl
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chiara De Rossi
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xabi Murgia
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Oriani VB, Alvim ID, Paulino BN, Procópio FR, Pastore GM, Hubinger MD. The influence of the storage temperature on the stability of lipid microparticles containing ginger oleoresin. Food Res Int 2018; 109:472-480. [PMID: 29803473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ginger oleoresin (GO) can be encapsulated within a protective lipid matrix in order to facilitate handling, provide protection against the external environment or promote the stability of GO compounds. The aim of this study was to verify the ability of solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) containing GO (10-20% w/w) to maintain or improve the stability of ginger compounds, by monitoring SLMs' characteristics during storage at different temperatures (25 and 40 °C). The lipids matrix of SLMs were composed by stearic acid (90, 80, 75, 65% w/w) and oleic acid (15% w/w), The crystalline structure of the particles after 84 days of storage did not present any polymorphic alterations, while presenting spherical form upon scanning by electron microscopy. SLMs containing oleic acid showed degradation of 6-gingerol when stored at 40 °C. Major volatile compounds had better stability in particles containing oleic acid. Kinetics of volatiles release resulted in a diffusion mechanism. SLMs showed better stability of GO compounds during storage at 25 °C than un-encapsulated GO and could, therefore, improve its distribution in foods due to its conversion to powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Boesso Oriani
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Izabela Dutra Alvim
- Cereal and Chocolate Technology Center - CEREAL CHOCOTEC, Food Technology Institute - ITAL, CEP 13070-178 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nicolau Paulino
- Laboratory of Bioflavors, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramalho Procópio
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Laboratory of Bioflavors, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Míriam Dupas Hubinger
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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