1
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Iseri E, Nilsson S, van Belkum A, van der Wijngaart W, Özenci V. Performance of an innovative culture-based digital dipstick for detection of bacteriuria. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0361323. [PMID: 38088544 PMCID: PMC10783013 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03613-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this study, we explore the transformative potential of UTI-lizer, an emerging technology not yet commercially available. Our manuscript shows that UTI-lizer is a promising alternative for detecting the five main pathogens that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). The results also indicate that digital dipsticks have the potential to uniquely provide UTI diagnostic quality on par with that of gold-standard testing, with the added benefits of ease of testing, rapid test handling time, and simple test equipment. This technology can be helpful in quickly ruling out bacterial infections and reducing the unnecessary use of antibiotics, especially in primary care settings or at the point of care. Moreover, the UTI-lizer test can reduce the number of negative urine samples sent to central laboratories, thus easing the burden of UTI diagnostics on the healthcare system. We believe our study, as well as current and upcoming research based on this technology, is highly relevant for clinical microbiologists, microbiology scientists, general practitioners, and urologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Iseri
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- UTIlizer AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Volkan Özenci
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Kavand H, Visa M, Köhler M, van der Wijngaart W, Berggren PO, Herland A. 3D-Printed Biohybrid Microstructures Enable Transplantation and Vascularization of Microtissues in the Anterior Chamber of the Eye. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2306686. [PMID: 37815325 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybridizing biological cells with man-made sensors enable the detection of a wide range of weak physiological responses with high specificity. The anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) is an ideal transplantation site due to its ocular immune privilege and optical transparency, which enable superior noninvasive longitudinal analyses of cells and microtissues. Engraftment of biohybrid microstructures in the ACE may, however, be affected by the pupillary response and dynamics. Here, sutureless transplantation of biohybrid microstructures, 3D printed in IP-Visio photoresin, containing a precisely localized pancreatic islet to the ACE of mice is presented. The biohybrid microstructures allow mechanical fixation in the ACE, independent of iris dynamics. After transplantation, islets in the microstructures successfully sustain their functionality for over 20 weeks and become vascularized despite physical separation from the vessel source (iris) and immersion in a low-viscous liquid (aqueous humor) with continuous circulation and clearance. This approach opens new perspectives in biohybrid microtissue transplantation in the ACE, advancing monitoring of microtissue-host interactions, disease modeling, treatment outcomes, and vascularization in engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Kavand
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Stockholm, SE-17165, Sweden
| | - Montse Visa
- The Rolf Luft Research center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Martin Köhler
- The Rolf Luft Research center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Stockholm, SE-17165, Sweden
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9/B8, Stockholm, SE-17165, Sweden
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3
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Křivánková N, Kaya K, van der Wijngaart W, Edlund U. Copper-mediated synthesis of temperature-responsive poly( N-acryloyl glycinamide) polymers: a step towards greener and simple polymerisation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29099-29108. [PMID: 37800134 PMCID: PMC10548432 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04993k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials with reversible supramolecular networks controlled by a change in temperature are of interest in medicine, biomedicine and analytical chemistry. For these materials to become more impactful, the development of greener synthetic practices with more sustainable solvents, lower energy consumption and a reduction in metallic catalysts is needed. In this work, we investigate the polymerisation of N-acryloyl glycinamide monomer by single-electron transfer reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation and its effect on the cloud point of the resulting PNAGA polymers. We accomplished 80% conversion within 5 min in water media using a copper wire catalyst. The material exhibited a sharp upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phase transition (10-80% transition within 6 K). These results indicate that UCST-exhibiting PNAGA can be synthesized at ambient temperatures and under non-inert conditions, eliminating the cost- and energy-consuming deoxygenation step. The choice of copper wire as the catalyst allows the possibility of catalyst recycling. Furthermore, we show that the reaction is feasible in a simple vial which would facilitate upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Křivánková
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
- Digital Futures, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Intelligent Systems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
- Digital Futures, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Intelligent Systems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
- Digital Futures, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
- Digital Futures, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm 100 44 Sweden
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4
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Zeng K, Osaid M, van der Wijngaart W. Efficient filter-in-centrifuge separation of low-concentration bacteria from blood. Lab Chip 2023; 23:4334-4342. [PMID: 37712252 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Separating bacteria from infected blood is an important step in preparing samples for downstream bacteria detection and analysis. However, the extremely low bacteria concentration and extremely high blood cell count make efficient separation challenging. In this study, we introduce a method for separating bacteria from blood in a single centrifugation step, which involves sedimentation velocity-based differentiation followed by size-based cross-flow filtration over an inclined filter. Starting from 1 mL spiked whole blood, we recovered 32 ± 4% of the bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, or Staphylococcus aureus) within one hour while removing 99.4 ± 0.1% of the red blood cells, 98.4 ± 1.4% of the white blood cells, and 90.0 ± 2.6% of the platelets. Changing the device material could further increase bacteria recovery to >50%. We demonstrated bacterial recovery from blood spiked with 10 CFU mL-1. Our simple hands-off efficient separation of low-abundant bacteria approaches clinical expectations, making the new method a promising candidate for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Zeng
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mohammad Osaid
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Marques F, van der Wijngaart W, Roxhed N. Absorbable cyst brushes. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:33. [PMID: 37610663 PMCID: PMC10447279 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytobrushes are used for low-invasive sample collection and screening in multiple diseases, with a significant impact on early detection, prevention, and diagnosis. This study focuses on improving the safety of cell brushing in hard-to-reach locations by exploring brush construction from absorbable materials. We investigated the efficacy of loop brushes made of absorbable suture wires of Chirlac, Chirasorb, Monocryl, PDS II, Vicryl Rapid, Glycolon, and Catgut during their operation in conjunction with fine-needle aspiration in an artificial cyst model. PDS II brushes demonstrated the highest efficiency, while Monocryl and Catgut also provided a significant brushing effect. Efficient brushes portrayed higher flexural rigidity than their counterparts, and their efficiency was inversely proportional to their plastic deformation by the needle. Our results open avenues for safer cell biopsies in hard-to-reach locations by utilizing brushes composed of absorbable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Marques
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Malvinas väg 10, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Malvinas väg 10, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Malvinas väg 10, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
- MedTechLabs, Bioclinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
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6
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Gustafsson L, Kvick M, Åstrand C, Ponsteen N, Dorka N, Hegrová V, Svanberg S, Horák J, Jansson R, Hedhammar M, van der Wijngaart W. Scalable Production of Monodisperse Bioactive Spider Silk Nanowires. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200450. [PMID: 36662774 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Elongated protein-based micro- and nanostructures are of great interest for a wide range of biomedical applications, where they can serve as a backbone for surface functionalization and as vehicles for drug delivery. Current production methods for protein constructs lack precise control of either shape and dimensions or render structures fixed to substrates. This work demonstrates production of recombinant spider silk nanowires suspended in solution, starting with liquid bridge induced assembly (LBIA) on a substrate, followed by release using ultrasonication, and concentration by centrifugation. The significance of this method lies in that it provides i) reproducability (standard deviation of length <13% and of diameter <38%), ii) scalability of fabrication, iii) compatibility with autoclavation with retained shape and function, iv) retention of bioactivity, and v) easy functionalization both pre- and post-formation. This work demonstrates how altering the function and nanotopography of a surface by nanowire coating supports the attachment and growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Cell compatibility is further studied through integration of nanowires during aggregate formation of hMSCs and the breast cancer cell line MCF7. The herein-presented industrial-compatible process enables silk nanowires for use as functionalizing agents in a variety of cell culture applications and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Gustafsson
- Spiber Technologies AB, Roslagstullsbacken 15, Stockholm, 114 21, Sweden.,Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Mathias Kvick
- Spiber Technologies AB, Roslagstullsbacken 15, Stockholm, 114 21, Sweden
| | - Carolina Åstrand
- Spiber Technologies AB, Roslagstullsbacken 15, Stockholm, 114 21, Sweden
| | - Nienke Ponsteen
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Nicolai Dorka
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Veronika Hegrová
- NenoVision s.r.o, Purkyňova 127, Brno-Medlánky, 612 00, The Czech Republic
| | - Sara Svanberg
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Josef Horák
- NenoVision s.r.o, Purkyňova 127, Brno-Medlánky, 612 00, The Czech Republic
| | - Ronnie Jansson
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
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7
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Kaya K, Iseri E, van der Wijngaart W. Soft metamaterial with programmable ferromagnetism. Microsyst Nanoeng 2022; 8:127. [PMID: 36483621 PMCID: PMC9722694 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetopolymers are of interest in smart material applications; however, changing their magnetic properties post synthesis is complicated. In this study, we introduce easily programmable polymer magnetic composites comprising 2D lattices of droplets of solid-liquid phase change material, with each droplet containing a single magnetic dipole particle. These composites are ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature defined by the rotational freedom of the particles above the droplet melting point. We demonstrate magnetopolymers combining high remanence characteristics with Curie temperatures below the composite degradation temperature. We easily reprogram the material between four states: (1) a superparamagnetic state above the melting point which, in the absence of an external magnetic field, spontaneously collapses to; (2) an artificial spin ice state, which after cooling forms either; (3) a spin glass state with low bulk remanence, or; (4) a ferromagnetic state with high bulk remanence when cooled in the presence of an external magnetic field. We observe the spontaneous emergence of 2D magnetic vortices in the spin ice and elucidate the correlation of these vortex structures with the external bulk remanence. We also demonstrate the easy programming of magnetically latching structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Kaya
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 100 44 Sweden
| | - Emre Iseri
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 100 44 Sweden
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8
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Zandi Shafagh R, Youhanna S, Keulen J, Shen JX, Taebnia N, Preiss LC, Klein K, Büttner FA, Bergqvist M, van der Wijngaart W, Lauschke VM. Bioengineered Pancreas-Liver Crosstalk in a Microfluidic Coculture Chip Identifies Human Metabolic Response Signatures in Prediabetic Hyperglycemia. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203368. [PMID: 36285680 PMCID: PMC9731722 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glucose homeostasis is the most common metabolic disturbance affecting one in ten adults worldwide. Prediabetic hyperglycemia due to dysfunctional interactions between different human tissues, including pancreas and liver, constitutes the largest risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. However, this early stage of metabolic disease has received relatively little attention. Microphysiological tissue models that emulate tissue crosstalk offer emerging opportunities to study metabolic interactions. Here, a novel modular multitissue organ-on-a-chip device is presented that allows for integrated and reciprocal communication between different 3D primary human tissue cultures. Precisely controlled heterologous perfusion of each tissue chamber is achieved through a microfluidic single "synthetic heart" pneumatic actuation unit connected to multiple tissue chambers via specific configuration of microchannel resistances. On-chip coculture experiments of organotypic primary human liver spheroids and intact primary human islets demonstrate insulin secretion and hepatic insulin response dynamics at physiological timescales upon glucose challenge. Integration of transcriptomic analyses with promoter motif activity data of 503 transcription factors reveals tissue-specific interacting molecular networks that underlie β-cell stress in prediabetic hyperglycemia. Interestingly, liver and islet cultures show surprising counter-regulation of transcriptional programs, emphasizing the power of microphysiological coculture to elucidate the systems biology of metabolic crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17711Sweden
- Division of Micro‐ and NanosystemsKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm10044Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17711Sweden
| | - Jibbe Keulen
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17711Sweden
- Division of Micro‐ and NanosystemsKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm10044Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology70376StuttgartGermany
- University of Tuebingen72074TuebingenGermany
| | - Joanne X. Shen
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17711Sweden
| | - Nayere Taebnia
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17711Sweden
| | - Lena C. Preiss
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17711Sweden
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK)The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology70376StuttgartGermany
- University of Tuebingen72074TuebingenGermany
| | - Florian A. Büttner
- Dr Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology70376StuttgartGermany
- University of Tuebingen72074TuebingenGermany
| | - Mikael Bergqvist
- Division of Micro‐ and NanosystemsKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm10044Sweden
| | | | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholm17711Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology70376StuttgartGermany
- University of Tuebingen72074TuebingenGermany
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9
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Sandell M, Chireh A, Spyrou A, Grankvist R, Al-Saadi J, Jonsson S, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G, Holmin S, Roxhed N. Endovascular Device for Endothelial Cell Sampling. Advanced NanoBiomed Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sandell
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
| | - Arvin Chireh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Argyris Spyrou
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
| | - Rikard Grankvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jonathan Al-Saadi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stefan Jonsson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Brinellvägen 23 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Tomtebodavägen 18A 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
- MedTechLabs Bioclinicum Karolinska University Hospital 171 64 Solna Sweden
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10
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Yada S, Lacis U, van der Wijngaart W, Lundell F, Amberg G, Bagheri S. Droplet Impact on Asymmetric Hydrophobic Microstructures. Langmuir 2022; 38:7956-7964. [PMID: 35737474 PMCID: PMC9261186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Textured hydrophobic surfaces that repel liquid droplets unidirectionally are found in nature such as butterfly wings and ryegrass leaves and are also essential in technological processes such as self-cleaning and anti-icing. In many occasions, surface textures are oriented to direct rebounding droplets. Surface macrostructures (>100 μm) have often been explored to induce directional rebound. However, the influence of impact speed and detailed surface geometry on rebound is vaguely understood, particularly for small microstructures. Here, we study, using a high-speed camera, droplet impact on surfaces with inclined micropillars. We observed directional rebound at high impact speeds on surfaces with dense arrays of pillars. We attribute this asymmetry to the difference in wetting behavior of the structure sidewalls, causing slower retraction of the contact line in the direction against the inclination compared to with the inclination. The experimental observations are complemented with numerical simulations to elucidate the detailed movement of the drops over the pillars. These insights improve our understanding of droplet impact on hydrophobic microstructures and may be useful for designing structured surfaces for controlling droplet mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yada
- FLOW
Centre, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ugis Lacis
- FLOW
Centre, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, Royal Institute
of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lundell
- FLOW
Centre, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Amberg
- FLOW
Centre, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Södertörn
University, 141 89 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shervin Bagheri
- FLOW
Centre, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Marques F, Hauser J, Iseri E, Schliemann I, van der Wijngaart W, Roxhed N. Semi-automated preparation of fine-needle aspiration samples for rapid on-site evaluation. Lab Chip 2022; 22:2192-2199. [PMID: 35543374 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00241h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) significantly improves the diagnostic yield of fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples but critically depends on the skills and availability of cytopathologists. Here, we introduce a portable device for semi-automated sample preparation for ROSE. In a single platform, the device combines a smearing tool and a capillary-driven chamber for staining FNA samples. Using a human pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1) and liver, lymph node, and thyroid FNA model samples, we demonstrate the capability of the device to prepare samples for ROSE. By minimizing the equipment needed in the operating room, the device may simplify the performance of FNA sample preparation and lead to a wider implementation of ROSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Marques
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Janosch Hauser
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Emre Iseri
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Igor Schliemann
- Pathology and Cytology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niclas Roxhed
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Medtech Labs, Karolinska hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Yada S, Allais B, van der Wijngaart W, Lundell F, Amberg G, Bagheri S. Droplet Impact on Surfaces with Asymmetric Microscopic Features. Langmuir 2021; 37:10849-10858. [PMID: 34469168 PMCID: PMC8447403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of liquid drops on a rigid surface is central in cleaning, cooling, and coating processes in both nature and industrial applications. However, it is not clear how details of pores, roughness, and texture on the solid surface influence the initial stages of the impact dynamics. Here, we experimentally study drops impacting at low velocities onto surfaces textured with asymmetric (tilted) ridges. We found that the difference between impact velocity and the capillary speed on a solid surface is a key factor of spreading asymmetry, where the capillary speed is determined by the friction at a moving three-phase contact line. The line-friction capillary number Caf = μfV0/σ (where μf,V0, and σ are the line friction, impact velocity, and surface tension, respectively) is defined as a measure of the importance of the topology of surface textures for the dynamics of droplet impact. We show that when Caf ≪ 1, the droplet impact is asymmetric; the contact line speed in the direction against the inclination of the ridges is set by line friction, whereas in the direction with inclination, the contact line is pinned at acute corners of the ridges. When Caf ≫ 1, the geometric details of nonsmooth surfaces play little role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yada
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute
of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Fredrik Lundell
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute
of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Amberg
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute
of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Södertörn
University, 141 89 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shervin Bagheri
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute
of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Tasiopoulos CP, Gustafsson L, van der Wijngaart W, Hedhammar M. Fibrillar Nanomembranes of Recombinant Spider Silk Protein Support Cell Co-culture in an In Vitro Blood Vessel Wall Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3332-3339. [PMID: 34169711 PMCID: PMC8290846 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Basement membrane
is a thin but dense network of self-assembled
extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibrils that anchors and physically
separates epithelial/endothelial cells from the underlying connective
tissue. Current replicas of the basement membrane utilize either synthetic
or biological polymers but have not yet recapitulated its geometric
and functional complexity highly enough to yield representative in vitro co-culture tissue models. In an attempt to model
the vessel wall, we seeded endothelial and smooth muscle cells on
either side of 470 ± 110 nm thin, mechanically robust, and nanofibrillar
membranes of recombinant spider silk protein. On the apical side,
a confluent endothelium formed within 4 days, with the ability to
regulate the permeation of representative molecules (3 and 10 kDa
dextran and IgG). On the basolateral side, smooth muscle cells produced
a thicker ECM with enhanced barrier properties compared to conventional
tissue culture inserts. The membranes withstood 520 ± 80 Pa pressure
difference, which is of the same magnitude as capillary blood pressure in vivo. This use of protein nanomembranes with relevant
properties for co-culture opens up for developing advanced in vitro tissue models for drug screening and potent substrates
in organ-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Panagiotis Tasiopoulos
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnea Gustafsson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Zandi Shafagh R, Shen JX, Youhanna S, Guo W, Lauschke VM, van der Wijngaart W, Haraldsson T. Facile Nanoimprinting of Robust High-Aspect-Ratio Nanostructures for Human Cell Biomechanics. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:8757-8767. [PMID: 35019647 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-aspect-ratio and hierarchically nanostructured surfaces are common in nature. Synthetic variants are of interest for their specific chemical, mechanic, electric, photonic, or biologic properties but are cumbersome in fabrication or suffer from structural collapse. Here, we replicated and directly biofunctionalized robust, large-area, and high-aspect-ratio nanostructures by nanoimprint lithography of an off-stoichiometric thiol-ene-epoxy polymer. We structured-in a single-step process-dense arrays of pillars with a diameter as low as 100 nm and an aspect ratio of 7.2; holes with a diameter of 70 nm and an aspect ratio of >20; and complex hierarchically layered structures, all with minimal collapse and defectivity. We show that the nanopillar arrays alter mechanosensing of human hepatic cells and provide precise spatial control of cell attachment. We speculate that our results can enable the widespread use of high-aspect-ratio nanotopograhy applications in mechanics, optics, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weijin Guo
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Iseri E, Biggel M, Goossens H, Moons P, van der Wijngaart W. Digital dipstick: miniaturized bacteria detection and digital quantification for the point-of-care. Lab Chip 2020; 20:4349-4356. [PMID: 33169747 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00793e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Established digital bioassay formats, digital PCR and digital ELISA, show extreme limits of detection, absolute quantification and high multiplexing capabilities. However, they often require complex instrumentation, and extensive off-chip sample preparation. In this study, we present a dipstick-format digital biosensor (digital dipstick) that detects bacteria directly from the sample liquid with a minimal number of steps: dip, culture, and count. We demonstrate the quantitative detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in urine in the clinically relevant range of 102-105 CFU ml-1 for urinary tract infections. Our format shows 89% sensitivity to detect E. coli in clinical urine samples (n = 28) when it is compared to plate culturing (gold standard). The significance and uniqueness of this diagnostic test format is that it allows a non-trained operator to detect urinary tract infections in the clinically relevant range in the home setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Iseri
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Guo
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Malvina’s väg 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Hansson
- Mercene Labs AB, Teknikringen 38A, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Malvina’s väg 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Yada S, Bagheri S, Hansson J, Do-Quang M, Lundell F, van der Wijngaart W, Amberg G. Droplet leaping governs microstructured surface wetting. Soft Matter 2019; 15:9528-9536. [PMID: 31720679 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01854a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microstructured surfaces that control the direction of liquid transport are not only ubiquitous in nature, but they are also central to technological processes such as fog/water harvesting, oil-water separation, and surface lubrication. However, a fundamental understanding of the initial wetting dynamics of liquids spreading on such surfaces is lacking. Here, we show that three regimes govern microstructured surface wetting on short time scales: spread, stick, and contact line leaping. The latter involves establishing a new contact line downstream of the wetting front as the liquid leaps over specific sections of the solid surface. Experimental and numerical investigations reveal how different regimes emerge in different flow directions during wetting of periodic asymmetrically microstructured surfaces. These insights improve our understanding of rapid wetting in droplet impact, splashing, and wetting of vibrating surfaces and may contribute to advances in designing structured surfaces for the mentioned applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yada
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shervin Bagheri
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Hansson
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minh Do-Quang
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Lundell
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Gustav Amberg
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden. and Södertorn University, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Zandi Shafagh R, Decrop D, Ven K, Vanderbeke A, Hanusa R, Breukers J, Pardon G, Haraldsson T, Lammertyn J, van der Wijngaart W. Reaction injection molding of hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic femtolitre-well arrays. Microsyst Nanoeng 2019; 5:25. [PMID: 31231538 PMCID: PMC6545322 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Patterning of micro- and nanoscale topologies and surface properties of polymer devices is of particular importance for a broad range of life science applications, including cell-adhesion assays and highly sensitive bioassays. The manufacturing of such devices necessitates cumbersome multiple-step fabrication procedures and results in surface properties which degrade over time. This critically hinders their wide-spread dissemination. Here, we simultaneously mold and surface energy pattern microstructures in off-stoichiometric thiol-ene by area-selective monomer self-assembly in a rapid micro-reaction injection molding cycle. We replicated arrays of 1,843,650 hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic femtolitre-wells with long-term stable surface properties and magnetically trapped beads with 75% and 87.2% efficiency in single- and multiple-seeding events, respectively. These results form the basis for ultrasensitive digital biosensors, specifically, and for the fabrication of medical devices and life science research tools, generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deborah Decrop
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Ven
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arno Vanderbeke
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Hanusa
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Breukers
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaspard Pardon
- Department of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Department of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Zandi Shafagh R, Vastesson A, Guo W, van der Wijngaart W, Haraldsson T. E-Beam Nanostructuring and Direct Click Biofunctionalization of Thiol-Ene Resist. ACS Nano 2018; 12:9940-9946. [PMID: 30212184 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam lithography (EBL) is of major importance for ultraminiaturized biohybrid system fabrication, as it allows combining biomolecular patterning and mechanical structure definition on the nanoscale. Existing methods are limited by multistep biomolecule immobilization procedures, harsh processing conditions that are harmful to sensitive biomolecules, or the structural properties of the resulting protein monolayers or hydrogel-based resists. This work introduces a thiol-ene EBL resist with chemically reactive thiol groups on its native surface that allow the direct and selective "click" immobilization of biomolecules under benign processing conditions. We constructed EBL structured features of size down to 20 nm, and direct functionalized the nanostructures with a sandwich of biotin and streptavidin. The facile combination of polymer nanostructuring with biomolecule immobilization enables mechanically robust biohybrid components of interest for nanoscale biomedical, electronic, photonic, and robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weijin Guo
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm 10044 , Sweden
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20
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Guo M, Hernández-Neuta I, Madaboosi N, Nilsson M, van der Wijngaart W. Correction to: Efficient DNA-assisted synthesis of trans-membrane gold nanowires. Microsyst Nanoeng 2018; 4:9. [PMID: 31063162 PMCID: PMC6161504 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-018-0012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.84.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiang Guo
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, Stockholm, 100 44 Sweden
| | - Iván Hernández-Neuta
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, Solna, SE-171 65 Sweden
| | - Narayanan Madaboosi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, Solna, SE-171 65 Sweden
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, Solna, SE-171 65 Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, Stockholm, 100 44 Sweden
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21
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Guo W, Hansson J, van der Wijngaart W. Capillary pumping independent of the liquid surface energy and viscosity. Microsyst Nanoeng 2018; 4:2. [PMID: 31057892 PMCID: PMC6220164 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-018-0002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Capillary pumping is an attractive means of liquid actuation because it is a passive mechanism, i.e., it does not rely on an external energy supply during operation. The capillary flow rate generally depends on the liquid sample viscosity and surface energy. This poses a problem for capillary-driven systems that rely on a predictable flow rate and for which the sample viscosity or surface energy are not precisely known. Here, we introduce the capillary pumping of sample liquids with a flow rate that is constant in time and independent of the sample viscosity and sample surface energy. These features are enabled by a design in which a well-characterized pump liquid is capillarily imbibed into the downstream section of the pump and thereby pulls the unknown sample liquid into the upstream pump section. The downstream pump geometry is designed to exert a Laplace pressure and fluidic resistance that are substantially larger than those exerted by the upstream pump geometry on the sample liquid. Hence, the influence of the unknown sample liquid on the flow rate is negligible. We experimentally tested pumps of the new design with a variety of sample liquids, including water, different samples of whole blood, different samples of urine, isopropanol, mineral oil, and glycerol. The capillary filling speeds of these liquids vary by more than a factor 1000 when imbibed to a standard constant cross-section glass capillary. In our new pump design, 20 filling tests involving these liquid samples with vastly different properties resulted in a constant volumetric flow rate in the range of 20.96-24.76 μL/min. We expect this novel capillary design to have immediate applications in lab-on-a-chip systems and diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Guo
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, Stockholm, 100 44 Sweden
| | - Jonas Hansson
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, Stockholm, 100 44 Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, Stockholm, 100 44 Sweden
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22
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Gustafsson L, Jansson R, Hedhammar M, van der Wijngaart W. Structuring of Functional Spider Silk Wires, Coatings, and Sheets by Self-Assembly on Superhydrophobic Pillar Surfaces. Adv Mater 2018; 30:1704325. [PMID: 29205540 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spider silk has recently become a material of high interest for a large number of biomedical applications. Previous work on structuring of silk has resulted in particles (0D), fibers (1D), films (2D), and foams, gels, capsules, or microspheres (3D). However, the manufacturing process of these structures is complex and involves posttreatment of chemicals unsuitable for biological applications. In this work, the self-assembly of recombinant spider silk on micropatterned superhydrophobic surfaces is studied. For the first time, structuring of recombinant spider silk is achieved using superhydrophobic surfaces under conditions that retain the bioactivity of the functionalized silk. By tuning the superhydrophobic surface geometry and the silk solution handling parameters, this approach allows controlled generation of silk coatings, nanowires, and sheets. The underlying mechanisms and governing parameters are discussed. It is believed that the results of this work pave the way for fabrication of silk formations for applications including vehicles for drug delivery, optical sensing, antimicrobial coatings, and cell culture scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Gustafsson
- Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Jansson
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Zhou XC, Sjöberg R, Druet A, Schwenk JM, van der Wijngaart W, Haraldsson T, Carlborg CF. Thiol-ene-epoxy thermoset for low-temperature bonding to biofunctionalized microarray surfaces. Lab Chip 2017; 17:3672-3681. [PMID: 28975170 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00652g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One way to improve the sensitivity and throughput of miniaturized biomolecular assays is to integrate microfluidics to enhance the transport efficiency of biomolecules to the reaction sites. Such microfluidic integration requires bonding of a prefabricated microfluidic gasket to an assay surface without destroying its biological activity. In this paper we address the largely unmet challenge to accomplish a proper seal between a microfluidic gasket and a protein surface, with maintained biological activity and without contaminating the surface or blocking the microfluidic channels. We introduce a novel dual cure polymer resin for the formation of microfluidic gaskets that can be room-temperature bonded to a range of substrates using only UVA light. This polymer is the first polymer that features over a month of shelf life between the structure formation and the bonding, moreover the fully cured polymer gaskets feature the following set of properties suitable for microfluidics: high stiffness, which prevents microfluidic channel collapse during handling; very limited absorption of biomolecules; and no significant leaching of uncured monomers. We describe the novel polymer resin and its characteristics, study through FT-IR, and demonstrate its use as microfluidic well-arrays bonded onto protein array slides at room temperature followed by multiplexed immunoassays. The results confirm maintained biological activity and show high repeatability between protein arrays. This new approach for integrating microfluidic gaskets to biofunctionalised surfaces has the potential to improve sample throughput and decrease manufacturing costs for miniaturized biomolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiamo C Zhou
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Marinins A, Zandi Shafagh R, van der Wijngaart W, Haraldsson T, Linnros J, Veinot JGC, Popov S, Sychugov I. Light-Converting Polymer/Si Nanocrystal Composites with Stable 60-70% Quantum Efficiency and Their Glass Laminates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:30267-30272. [PMID: 28853276 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-ene polymer/Si nanocrystal bulk hybrids were synthesized from alkyl-passivated Si nanocrystal (Si NC) toluene solutions. Radicals in the polymer provided a copassivation of "dark" Si NCs, making them optically active and leading to a substantial ensemble quantum yield increase. Optical stability over several months was confirmed. The presented materials exhibit the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (∼65%) of any solid-state Si NC hybrid reported to date. The broad tunability of thiol-ene polymer reactivity provides facile glass integration, as demonstrated by a laminated structure. This, together with extremely fast polymerization, makes the demonstrated hybrid material a promising candidate for light converting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrs Marinins
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 16440 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Linnros
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 16440 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sergei Popov
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 16440 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilya Sychugov
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology , 16440 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Löhr M, van der Wijngaart W, Fagerberg B. [Nanoparticles for cancer therapy]. Lakartidningen 2017; 114:EIAC. [PMID: 28675414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles for cancer therapy Nanoparticles carry a big promise in oncology, for diagnosis/imaging, therapy, or both (theragnostics). As common in medical history, there is a huge gap between the exciting experimental possibilities and data and clinical studies making use of it. Of the cell-containing nanoparticles, only one formulation using gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) with CYP2B1 and ifosfamide was used in early clinical studies. Of the cell-free nanoparticles, some drug-releasing (doxorubicin) ones are in clinical use for trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) in liver tumors and metastasis. Using liposomes, both paclitaxel and irinotecan have been used in pancreatic cancer as the model indication. Nanoparticle-albumin-bound paclitaxel (NAB-paclitaxel) has also been developed and is now registered as a drug for first-line therapy of pancreatic cancer, as is the liposomal irinotecan. The novel nanoparticle formulations carry a big promise for even better performance, both in diagnosis and therapy; however, few of these has entered the clinic as of today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Löhr
- Karolinska Institutet - CLINTEC K53 Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Institutet - CLINTEC K53 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan - Dept. Micro och Nanosystems Stockholm, Sweden Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan - Dept. Micro och Nanosystems Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Institutionen för medicin - Avdelningen för molekylär och klinisk medicin Göteborg, Sweden Institutionen för medicin - Avdelningen för molekylär och klinisk medicin Göteborg, Sweden
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26
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Decrop D, Pardon G, Brancato L, Kil D, Zandi Shafagh R, Kokalj T, Haraldsson T, Puers R, van der Wijngaart W, Lammertyn J. Single-Step Imprinting of Femtoliter Microwell Arrays Allows Digital Bioassays with Attomolar Limit of Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:10418-10426. [PMID: 28266828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bead-based microwell array technology is growing as an ultrasensitive analysis tool as exemplified by the successful commercial applications from Illumina and Quanterix for nucleic acid analysis and ultrasensitive protein measurements, respectively. High-efficiency seeding of magnetic beads is key for these applications and is enhanced by hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic microwell arrays, which are unfortunately often expensive or labor-intensive to manufacture. Here, we demonstrate a new single-step manufacturing approach for imprinting cheap and disposable hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic microwell arrays suitable for digital bioassays. Imprinting of arrays with hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic microwells is made possible using an innovative surface energy replication approach by means of a hydrophobic thiol-ene polymer formulation. In this polymer, hydrophobic-moiety-containing monomers self-assemble at the hydrophobic surface of the imprinting stamp, which results in a hydrophobic replica surface after polymerization. After removing the stamp, microwells with hydrophobic walls and a hydrophilic bottom are obtained. We demonstrate that the hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic imprinted microwell arrays enable successful and efficient self-assembly of individual water droplets and seeding of magnetic beads with loading efficiencies up to 96%. We also demonstrate the suitability of the microwell arrays for the isolation and digital counting of single molecules achieving a limit of detection of 17.4 aM when performing a streptavidin-biotin binding assay as model system. Since this approach is up-scalable through reaction injection molding, we expect it will contribute substantially to the translation of ultrasensitive digital microwell array technology toward diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Decrop
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaspard Pardon
- Department of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luigi Brancato
- Department of Electrotechnical Engineering (ESAT-MICAS), KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Kil
- Department of Electrotechnical Engineering (ESAT-MICAS), KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadej Kokalj
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Department of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Puers
- Department of Electrotechnical Engineering (ESAT-MICAS), KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Ladhani L, Pardon G, Meeuws H, van Wesenbeeck L, Schmidt K, Stuyver L, van der Wijngaart W. Sampling and detection of airborne influenza virus towards point-of-care applications. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174314. [PMID: 28350811 PMCID: PMC5369763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne transmission of the influenza virus contributes significantly to the spread of this infectious pathogen, particularly over large distances when carried by aerosol droplets with long survival times. Efficient sampling of virus-loaded aerosol in combination with a low limit of detection of the collected virus could enable rapid and early detection of airborne influenza virus at the point-of-care setting. Here, we demonstrate a successful sampling and detection of airborne influenza virus using a system specifically developed for such applications. Our system consists of a custom-made electrostatic precipitation (ESP)-based bioaerosol sampler that is coupled with downstream quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Aerosolized viruses are sampled directly into a miniaturized collector with liquid volume of 150 μL, which constitutes a simple and direct interface with subsequent biological assays. This approach reduces sample dilution by at least one order of magnitude when compared to other liquid-based aerosol bio-samplers. Performance of our ESP-based sampler was evaluated using influenza virus-loaded sub-micron aerosols generated from both cultured and clinical samples. Despite the miniaturized collection volume, we demonstrate a collection efficiency of at least 10% and sensitive detection of a minimum of 3721 RNA copies. Furthermore, we show that an improved extraction protocol can allow viral recovery of down to 303 RNA copies and a maximum sampler collection efficiency of 47%. A device with such a performance would reduce sampling times dramatically, from a few hours with current sampling methods down to a couple of minutes with our ESP-based bioaerosol sampler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Ladhani
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gaspard Pardon
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Rajabi M, Roxhed N, Shafagh RZ, Haraldson T, Fischer AC, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G, Niklaus F. Flexible and Stretchable Microneedle Patches with Integrated Rigid Stainless Steel Microneedles for Transdermal Biointerfacing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166330. [PMID: 27935976 PMCID: PMC5147815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper demonstrates flexible and stretchable microneedle patches that combine soft and flexible base substrates with hard and sharp stainless steel microneedles. An elastomeric polymer base enables conformal contact between the microneedle patch and the complex topography and texture of the underlying skin, while robust and sharp stainless steel microneedles reliably pierce the outer layers of the skin. The flexible microneedle patches have been realized by magnetically assembling short stainless steel microneedles into a flexible polymer supporting base. In our experimental investigation, the microneedle patches were applied to human skin and an excellent adaptation of the patch to the wrinkles and deformations of the skin was verified, while at the same time the microneedles reliably penetrate the surface of the skin. The unobtrusive flexible and stretchable microneedle patches have great potential for transdermal biointerfacing in a variety of emerging applications such as transdermal drug delivery, bioelectric treatments and wearable bio-electronics for health and fitness monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Rajabi
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Haraldson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Christin Fischer
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Abstract
Capillary flow is a dominating liquid transport phenomenon on the micro- and nanoscale. As described at the beginning of the 20th century, the flow rate during imbibition of a horizontal capillary tube follows the Washburn equation, i.e., decreases over time and depends on the viscosity of the sample. This poses a problem for capillary driven systems that rely on a predictable flow rate and where the liquid viscosity is not precisely known. Here we introduce and successfully experimentally verify the first compact capillary pump design with a flow rate constant in time and independent of the liquid viscosity that can operate over an extended period of time. We also present a detailed theoretical model for gravitation-independent capillary filling, which predicts the novel pump performance to within measurement error margins, and in which we, for the first time, explicitly identify gas inertia dominated flow as a fourth distinct flow regime in capillary pumping. These results are of potential interest for a multitude of applications and we expect our results to find most immediate applications within lab-on-a-chip systems and diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Guo
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas väg 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Hansson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas väg 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas väg 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Abstract
Pneumatic microvalves are fundamental control components in a large range of microfluidic applications. Their key performance parameters are small size, i.e. occupying a minimum of microfluidic real estate, low flow resistance in the open state, and leak-tight closing at limited control pressures. In this work we present the successful design, realization and evaluation of the first leak-tight, vertical membrane, pneumatic microvalves. The realization of the vertical membrane microvalves is enabled by a novel dual-sided molding method for microstructuring monolithic 3D microfluidic networks in PDMS in a single step, eliminating the need for layer-to-layer alignment during bonding. We demonstrate minimum lateral device features down to 20-30 μm in size, and vertical via density of ∼30 000 per cm(2), which provides significant gains in chip real estate compared to previously reported PDMS manufacturing methods. In contrast to horizontal membrane microvalves, there are no manufacturing restrictions on the cross-sectional geometry of the flow channel of the vertical membrane microvalves. This allows tuning the design towards lower closing pressure or lower open state flow resistance compared to those of horizontal membrane microvalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hansson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas vag 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Hillmering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas vag 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tommy Haraldsson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas vag 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas vag 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Hillmering M, Pardon G, Vastesson A, Supekar O, Carlborg CF, Brandner BD, van der Wijngaart W, Haraldsson T. Off-stoichiometry improves the photostructuring of thiol-enes through diffusion-induced monomer depletion. Microsyst Nanoeng 2016; 2:15043. [PMID: 31057810 PMCID: PMC6444721 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-enes are a group of alternating copolymers with highly ordered networks and are used in a wide range of applications. Here, "click" chemistry photostructuring in off-stoichiometric thiol-enes is shown to induce microscale polymeric compositional gradients due to species diffusion between non-illuminated and illuminated regions, creating two narrow zones with distinct compositions on either side of the photomask feature boundary: a densely cross-linked zone in the illuminated region and a zone with an unpolymerized highly off-stoichiometric monomer composition in the non-illuminated region. Using confocal Raman microscopy, it is here explained how species diffusion causes such intricate compositional gradients in the polymer and how off-stoichiometry results in improved image transfer accuracy in thiol-ene photostructuring. Furthermore, increasing the functional group off-stoichiometry and decreasing the photomask feature size is shown to amplify the induced gradients, which potentially leads to a new methodology for microstructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Hillmering
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gaspard Pardon
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Vastesson
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Omkar Supekar
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Fredrik Carlborg
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgit D. Brandner
- SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Drottning Kristinas väg 45, SE-114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Hansson J, Yasuga H, Haraldsson T, van der Wijngaart W. Synthetic microfluidic paper: high surface area and high porosity polymer micropillar arrays. Lab Chip 2016; 16:298-304. [PMID: 26646057 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01318f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce Synthetic Microfluidic Paper, a novel porous material for microfluidic applications that consists of an OSTE polymer that is photostructured in a well-controlled geometry of slanted and interlocked micropillars. We demonstrate the distinct benefits of Synthetic Microfluidic Paper over other porous microfluidic materials, such as nitrocellulose, traditional paper and straight micropillar arrays: in contrast to straight micropillar arrays, the geometry of Synthetic Microfluidic Paper was miniaturized without suffering capillary collapse during manufacturing and fluidic operation, resulting in a six-fold increased internal surface area and a three-fold increased porous fraction. Compared to commercial nitrocellulose materials for capillary assays, Synthetic Microfluidic Paper shows a wider range of capillary pumping speed and four times lower device-to-device variation. Compared to the surfaces of the other porous microfluidic materials that are modified by adsorption, Synthetic Microfluidic Paper contains free thiol groups and has been shown to be suitable for covalent surface chemistry, demonstrated here for increasing the material hydrophilicity. These results illustrate the potential of Synthetic Microfluidic Paper as a porous microfluidic material with improved performance characteristics, especially for bioassay applications such as diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hansson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas väg 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hiroki Yasuga
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas väg 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tommy Haraldsson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas väg 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas väg 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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33
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Carlborg CF, Vastesson A, Liu Y, van der Wijngaart W, Johansson M, Haraldsson T. Functional off-stoichiometry thiol-ene-epoxy thermosets featuring temporally controlled curing stages via an UV/UV dual cure process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Fredrik Carlborg
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Osquldas v. 10 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Alexander Vastesson
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Osquldas v. 10 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yitong Liu
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Osquldas v. 10 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Osquldas v. 10 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 48 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Osquldas v. 10 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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34
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Karlsson JM, Gazin M, Laakso S, Haraldsson T, Malhotra-Kumar S, Mäki M, Goossens H, van der Wijngaart W. Active liquid degassing in microfluidic systems. Lab Chip 2013; 13:4366-73. [PMID: 24056885 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50778e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for efficient air bubble removal in microfluidic applications. Air bubbles are extracted from a liquid chamber into a vacuum chamber through a semipermeable membrane, consisting of PDMS coated with amorphous Teflon(®) AF 1600. Whereas air is efficiently extracted through the membrane, water loss is greatly reduced by the Teflon even at elevated temperatures. We present the water loss and permeability change with the amount of added Teflon AF to the membrane. Also, we demonstrate bubble-free, multiplex DNA amplification using PCR in a PDMS microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mikael Karlsson
- Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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35
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Errando-Herranz C, Saharil F, Romero AM, Sandström N, Shafagh RZ, van der Wijngaart W, Haraldsson T, Gylfason KB. Integration of microfluidics with grating coupled silicon photonic sensors by one-step combined photopatterning and molding of OSTE. Opt Express 2013; 21:21293-21298. [PMID: 24104003 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.021293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel integration method for packaging silicon photonic sensors with polymer microfluidics, designed to be suitable for wafer-level production methods. The method addresses the previously unmet manufacturing challenges of matching the microfluidic footprint area to that of the photonics, and of robust bonding of microfluidic layers to biofunctionalized surfaces. We demonstrate the fabrication, in a single step, of a microfluidic layer in the recently introduced OSTE polymer, and the subsequent unassisted dry bonding of the microfluidic layer to a grating coupled silicon photonic ring resonator sensor chip. The microfluidic layer features photopatterned through holes (vias) for optical fiber probing and fluid connections, as well as molded microchannels and tube connectors, and is manufactured and subsequently bonded to a silicon sensor chip in less than 10 minutes. Combining this new microfluidic packaging method with photonic waveguide surface gratings for light coupling allows matching the size scale of microfluidics to that of current silicon photonic biosensors. To demonstrate the new method, we performed successful refractive index measurements of liquid ethanol and methanol samples, using the fabricated device. The minimum required sample volume for refractive index measurement is below one nanoliter.
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36
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Pardon G, Gatty HK, Stemme G, van der Wijngaart W, Roxhed N. Pt-Al2O3 dual layer atomic layer deposition coating in high aspect ratio nanopores. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:015602. [PMID: 23221022 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/1/015602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Functional nanoporous materials are promising for a number of applications ranging from selective biofiltration to fuel cell electrodes. This work reports the functionalization of nanoporous membranes using atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD is used to conformally deposit platinum (Pt) and aluminum oxide (Al(2)O(3)) on Pt in nanopores to form a metal-insulator stack inside the nanopore. Deposition of these materials inside nanopores allows the addition of extra functionalities to nanoporous materials such as anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Conformal deposition of Pt on such materials enables increased performances for electrochemical sensing applications or fuel cell electrodes. An additional conformal Al(2)O(3) layer on such a Pt film forms a metal-insulator-electrolyte system, enabling field effect control of the nanofluidic properties of the membrane. This opens novel possibilities in electrically controlled biofiltration. In this work, the deposition of these two materials on AAO membranes is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Successful process parameters are proposed for a reliable and cost-effective conformal deposition on high aspect ratio three-dimensional nanostructures. A device consisting of a silicon chip supporting an AAO membrane of 6 mm diameter and 1.3 μm thickness with 80 nm diameter pores is fabricated. The pore diameter is reduced to 40 nm by a conformal deposition of 11 nm Pt and 9 nm Al(2)O(3) using ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard Pardon
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Micro and Nanosystems, Osquldas Väg 10, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Abstract
We introduce a novel dry wafer bonding concept designed for permanent attachment of micromolded polymer structures to surface functionalized silicon substrates. The method, designed for simultaneous fabrication of many lab-on-chip devices, utilizes a chemically reactive polymer microfluidic structure, which rapidly bonds to a functionalized substrate via"click" chemistry reactions. The microfluidic structure consists of an off-stoichiometry thiol-ene (OSTE) polymer with a very high density of surface bound thiol groups and the substrate is a silicon wafer that has been functionalized with common bio-linker molecules. We demonstrate here void free, and low temperature (< 37 °C) bonding of a batch of OSTE microfluidic layers to a silane functionalized silicon wafer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farizah Saharil
- Microsystem Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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38
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Carlborg CF, Haraldsson T, Öberg K, Malkoch M, van der Wijngaart W. Beyond PDMS: off-stoichiometry thiol-ene (OSTE) based soft lithography for rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2011; 11:3136-47. [PMID: 21804987 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article we introduce a novel polymer platform based on off-stoichiometry thiol-enes (OSTEs), aiming to bridge the gap between research prototyping and commercial production of microfluidic devices. The polymers are based on the versatile UV-curable thiol-ene chemistry but takes advantage of off-stoichiometry ratios to enable important features for a prototyping system, such as one-step surface modifications, tuneable mechanical properties and leakage free sealing through direct UV-bonding. The platform exhibits many similarities with PDMS, such as rapid prototyping and uncomplicated processing but can at the same time mirror the mechanical and chemical properties of both PDMS as well as commercial grade thermoplastics. The OSTE-prepolymer can be cast using standard SU-8 on silicon masters and a table-top UV-lamp, the surface modifications are precisely grafted using a stencil mask and the bonding requires only a single UV-exposure. To illustrate the potential of the material we demonstrate key concepts important in microfluidic chip fabrication such as patterned surface modifications for hydrophobic stops, pneumatic valves using UV-lamination of stiff and rubbery materials as well as micromachining of chip-to-world connectors in the OSTE-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Fredrik Carlborg
- Microsystem Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldasväg 10, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
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39
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Carlborg CF, van der Wijngaart W. Sustained superhydrophobic friction reduction at high liquid pressures and large flows. Langmuir 2011; 27:487-493. [PMID: 21121625 DOI: 10.1021/la103624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This Article introduces and experimentally explores a novel self-regulating method for reducing the friction losses in large microchannels at high liquid pressures and large liquid flows, overcoming previous limitations with regard to sustainable liquid pressure on a superhydrophobic surface. Our design of the superhydrophobic channel automatically adjusts the gas pressure in the lubricating air layer to the local liquid pressure in the channel. This is achieved by pneumatically connecting the liquid in the microchannel to the gas-pockets trapped at the channel wall through a pressure feedback channel. When liquid enters the feedback channel, it compresses the air and increases the pressure in the gas-pocket. This reduces the pressure drop over the gas-liquid interface and increases the maximum sustainable liquid pressure. We define a dimensionless figure of merit for superhydropbic flows, W(F) = P(L)D/γ cos(θ(c)), which expresses the fluidic energy carrying capacity of a superhydrophobic microchannel. We experimentally verify that our geometry can sustain three times higher liquid pressure before collapsing, and we measured better friction-reducing properties at higher W(F) values than in previous works. The design is ultimately limited in time by the gas-exchange over the gas-liquid interface at pressures exceeding the Laplace pressure. This method could be applicable for reducing near-wall laminar friction in both micro and macro scale flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Fredrik Carlborg
- Microsystem Technology Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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Gylfason KB, Carlborg CF, Kaźmierczak A, Dortu F, Sohlström H, Vivien L, Barrios CA, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G. On-chip temperature compensation in an integrated slot-waveguide ring resonator refractive index sensor array. Opt Express 2010; 18:3226-3237. [PMID: 20389330 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.003226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of an integrated slot-waveguide refractive index sensor array fabricated in silicon nitride on silica. We study the temperature dependence of the slot-waveguide ring resonator sensors and find that they show a low temperature dependence of -16.6 pm/K, while at the same time a large refractive index sensitivity of 240 nm per refractive index unit. Furthermore, by using on-chip temperature referencing, a differential temperature sensitivity of only 0.3 pm/K is obtained, without individual sensor calibration. This low value indicates good sensor-to-sensor repeatability, thus enabling use in highly parallel chemical assays. We demonstrate refractive index measurements during temperature drift and show a detection limit of 8.8 x 10-6 refractive index units in a 7 K temperature operating window, without external temperature control. Finally, we suggest the possibility of athermal slot-waveguide sensor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristinn B Gylfason
- Microsystem Technology Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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41
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Frisk T, Sandström N, Eng L, van der Wijngaart W, Månsson P, Stemme G. An integrated QCM-based narcotics sensing microsystem. Lab Chip 2008; 8:1648-1657. [PMID: 18813386 DOI: 10.1039/b800487k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, fabrication and successful testing of a 14x14x4 mm3 integrated electronic narcotics sensing system which consists of only four parts. The microsystem absorbs airborne narcotics molecules and performs a liquid assay using an integrated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). A vertically conductive double-sided adhesive foil (VCAF) was used and studied as a novel material for LOC and MEMS applications and provides easy assembly, electrical contacting and liquid containment. The system was tested for measuring cocaine and ecstasy, with successful detection of amounts as small as 100 ng and 200 ng, respectively. These levels are of interest in security activities in customs, prisons and by the police.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Frisk
- Microsystem Technology Lab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Jacksén J, Frisk T, Redeby T, Parmar V, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G, Emmer A. Off-line integration of CE and MALDI-MS using a closed–open–closed microchannel system. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2458-65. [PMID: 17577881 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new technique for off-line hyphenation between CE and MALDI-MS is presented. Two closed fused-silica capillaries were connected via a silicon chip comprising an open microcanal. The EOF in the system was evaluated using mesityloxide or leucine-enkephalin as a sample and with a running buffer that rendered the analyte neutrally charged. Comparison was made between the EOF in a closed system (first capillary solely included in the electrical circuit) and in a closed-open system (first capillary and microcanal included in the electrical circuit). It was concluded that the experimental values of the EOF agreed with the theory. The influence of the capillary outer diameter on the peak dispersion was investigated using a closed-open-closed system (first capillary, microcanal and second capillary included in the electrical circuit). It was clearly seen that a capillary with 375 microm od induced considerably higher peak dispersion than a 150 microm od capillary, due to a larger liquid dead volume in the connection between the first capillary outlet and the microcanal. Mass spectrometric analysis has also been performed following CE separation runs in a closed-open-closed system with cytochrome c and lysozyme as model proteins. It was demonstrated that a signal distribution profile of the separated analytes could be recorded over a 30 mm long microcanal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Jacksén
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Frisk T, Rönnholm D, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G. A micromachined interface for airborne sample-to-liquid transfer and its application in a biosensor system. Lab Chip 2006; 6:1504-9. [PMID: 17203153 DOI: 10.1039/b612526n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel micromachined interface for airborne sample-to-liquid adsorption and droplet-to-liquid transfer was designed and fabricated. It enables a robust sheet liquid flow serving as an adsorption site. The interface was characterised for flow and pressure properties and tested successfully for the transfer/adsorption of different samples. A qualitative theoretical model of the device characteristics is presented. We also used the interface to introduce a novel method and system for fast detection of dust- and vapour-based narcotics and explosives traces. The microfluidic vapour-to-liquid adsorption interface was coupled to a set of downstream QCM sensors. The system was tested successfully, with 50 ng cocaine samples rendering 15 Hz frequency shifts and with 100 ng heroine samples rendering 50 Hz frequency shifts. Gravitation invariance of the open liquid interface was demonstrated successfully, with the interface mounted upside down as well as vertically. The detection time was reduced to half of the time needed in previous systems. Machine size, weight and cost were reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Frisk
- Microsystem Technology Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Melin J, van der Wijngaart W, Stemme G. Behaviour and design considerations for continuous flow closed-open-closed liquid microchannels. Lab Chip 2005; 5:682-6. [PMID: 15915262 DOI: 10.1039/b501781e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a method of combining open and closed microchannels in a single component in a novel way which couples the benefits of both open and closed microfluidic systems and introduces interesting on-chip microfluidic behaviour. Fluid behaviour in such a component, based on continuous pressure driven flow and surface tension, is discussed in terms of cross sectional flow behaviour, robustness, flow-pressure performance, and its application to microfluidic interfacing. The closed-open-closed microchannel possesses the versatility of upstream and downstream closed microfluidics along with open fluidic direct access. The device has the advantage of eliminating gas bubbles present upstream when these enter the open channel section. The unique behaviour of this device opens the door to applications including direct liquid sample interfacing without the need for additional and bulky sample tubing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Melin
- Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Signals, Sensors and Systems, Microsystem Technology, Osquldas vag 10, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
A novel microdevice for passively mixing liquid samples based on surface tension and a geometrical mixing chamber is presented. Due to the laminar flow regime on the microscale, mixing becomes difficult if not impossible. We present a micromixer where a constantly changing time dependent flow pattern inside a two sample liquid plug is created as the plug simply passes through the planar mixer chamber. The device requires no actuation during mixing and is fabricated using a single etch process. The effective mixing of two coloured liquid samples is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Melin
- Microsystem Technology, Department of Signals, Sensors and Systems, Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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