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Dimopoulos T, Wibowo RA, Edinger S, Wolf M, Fix T. Heterojunction Devices Fabricated from Sprayed n-Type Ga 2O 3, Combined with Sputtered p-Type NiO and Cu 2O. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:300. [PMID: 38334571 PMCID: PMC10856998 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This work reports on the properties of heterojunctions consisting of n-type Ga2O3 layers, deposited using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at high temperature from water-based solution, combined with p-type NiO and Cu2O counterparts, deposited by radio frequency and reactive, direct-current magnetron sputtering, respectively. After a comprehensive investigation of the properties of the single layers, the fabricated junctions on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass showed high rectification, with an open circuit voltage of 940 mV for Ga2O3/Cu2O and 220 mV for Ga2O3/NiO under simulated solar illumination. This demonstrates in praxis the favorable band alignment between the sprayed Ga2O3 and Cu2O, with small conduction band offset, and the large offsets anticipated for both energy bands in the case of Ga2O3/NiO. Large differences in the ideality factors between the two types of heterojunctions were observed, suggestive of distinctive properties of the heterointerface. Further, it is shown that the interface between the high-temperature-deposited Ga2O3 and the ITO contact does not impede electron transport, opening new possibilities for the design of solar cell and optoelectronic device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Dimopoulos
- Energy Conversion and Hydrogen Technologies, Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.A.W.); (S.E.); (M.W.)
| | - Rachmat Adhi Wibowo
- Energy Conversion and Hydrogen Technologies, Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.A.W.); (S.E.); (M.W.)
| | - Stefan Edinger
- Energy Conversion and Hydrogen Technologies, Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.A.W.); (S.E.); (M.W.)
| | - Maximilian Wolf
- Energy Conversion and Hydrogen Technologies, Center for Energy, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (R.A.W.); (S.E.); (M.W.)
| | - Thomas Fix
- ICube Laboratory, Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 23 Rue Du Loess, BP 20 CR, F-67037 Cedex 2 Strasbourg, France;
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Deva Arun Kumar K, Valanarasu S, Capelle A, Nar S, Karim W, Stolz A, Aspe B, Semmar N. Nanostructured Oxide (SnO 2, FTO) Thin Films for Energy Harvesting: A Significant Increase in Thermoelectric Power at Low Temperature. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:188. [PMID: 38398917 PMCID: PMC10890522 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that undoped and doped SnO2 thin films have better optical and electrical properties. This study aims to investigate the thermoelectric properties of two distinct semiconducting oxide thin films, namely SnO2 and F-doped SnO2 (FTO), by the nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique. An X-ray diffraction study reveals that the synthesized films exhibit a tetragonal structure with the (200) preferred orientation. The film structural quality increases from SnO2 to FTO due to the substitution of F- ions into the host lattice. The film thickness increases from 530 nm for SnO2 to 650 nm for FTO films. Room-temperature electrical resistivity decreases from (8.96 ± 0.02) × 10-2 Ω·cm to (4.64 ± 0.01) × 10-3 Ω·cm for the SnO2 and FTO thin films, respectively. This is due to the increase in the carrier density of the films, (2.92 ± 0.02) × 1019 cm-3 (SnO2) and (1.63 ± 0.03) × 1020 cm-3 (FTO), caused by anionic substitution. It is confirmed that varying the temperature (K) enhances the electron transport properties. The obtained Seebeck coefficient (S) increases as the temperature is increased, up to 360 K. The synthesized films exhibit the S value of -234 ± 3 μV/K (SnO2) and -204 ± 3 μV/K (FTO) at 360 K. The estimated power factor (PF) drastically increases from ~70 (μW/m·K2) to ~900 (μW/m·K2) for the SnO2 and FTO film, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Deva Arun Kumar
- Groupe de Recherches sur l’Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, GREMI, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 14 Rue d’Issoudun, 45067 Orléans, France (S.N.); (W.K.); (B.A.)
- Department of Physics, Arul Anandar College, Madurai 625514, India
| | - S. Valanarasu
- Department of Physics, Arul Anandar College, Madurai 625514, India
| | - Alex Capelle
- Groupe de Recherches sur l’Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, GREMI, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 14 Rue d’Issoudun, 45067 Orléans, France (S.N.); (W.K.); (B.A.)
| | - Sibel Nar
- Groupe de Recherches sur l’Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, GREMI, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 14 Rue d’Issoudun, 45067 Orléans, France (S.N.); (W.K.); (B.A.)
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies et Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS IRL-3463, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Wael Karim
- Groupe de Recherches sur l’Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, GREMI, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 14 Rue d’Issoudun, 45067 Orléans, France (S.N.); (W.K.); (B.A.)
| | - Arnaud Stolz
- Groupe de Recherches sur l’Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, GREMI, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 14 Rue d’Issoudun, 45067 Orléans, France (S.N.); (W.K.); (B.A.)
| | - Barthélemy Aspe
- Groupe de Recherches sur l’Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, GREMI, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 14 Rue d’Issoudun, 45067 Orléans, France (S.N.); (W.K.); (B.A.)
| | - Nadjib Semmar
- Groupe de Recherches sur l’Énergétique des Milieux Ionisés, GREMI, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, 14 Rue d’Issoudun, 45067 Orléans, France (S.N.); (W.K.); (B.A.)
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3
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Gowthaman S, Selvaraju T. Efficient integration of electrocoagulation treatment with the spray-pyrolyzed activated carbon coating on stainless steel electrodes for textile effluent-bath reuse with ease. Water Environ Res 2023; 95:e10938. [PMID: 37815304 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the electrocoagulation (EC) treatment was used to minimize and separate pollutants from textile industrial wastewater (TIWW), including high color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). To enhance the EC treatment efficiency, a novel strategy has been followed in the study that involves thin-film coating on 316 stainless steel (SS) electrodes with banana peel-derived activated carbon (BPAC) by dip coating, spin coating, or spray coating. Among the different types of coating, thickness and contact angle measurements have elucidated that the spray coating of BPAC on SS electrode is the best tool with minimum thickness and contact angle. In this study, a bare SS electrode was used as the anode and a thin-film spray-coated BPAC on the SS electrode was used as the cathode. Moreover, optimization plays a key role in EC treatment process, where operating conditions such as a current density of 10 mA/cm2 , contact time of 15 min, and a pH of 7 were fixed. As a result, the findings indicate comparatively high color removal of 98%, COD removal of 91%, TOC removal of 89.6%, and TDS removal of 68% are achieved with ease. Accordingly, in comparison with plain SS electrodes or dip- or spin-coated BPAC on SS electrodes, spray-coated BPAC on SS electrodes in EC treatment outperforms in removing high color, TOC, COD, and TDS. Overall, the study highlights the potential of EC treatment integrated with adsorption procedures for TIWW treatment. Particularly, the use of thin-film spray-coated BPAC on SS electrodes in the EC treatment process led to an effective and sustainable tool for treating and reuse of TIWW. It is due to its low operation and maintenance cost and studied in a short interval of time. Finally, the ultimate goal was firmly achieved in pilot-scale studies by the safe discharge into the environment or reuse of treated textile wastewater. Thus, it is a promising alternative with an environmentally friendly footprint that could be easily implemented in any textile industry premises. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Heavy metals, oils, facts, suspended solids, and other pollutants can be removed from industrial effluent by using electrocoagulation. The process is both cost-effective and energy-efficient, and it is easily integrated with other water treatment technologies. According to the findings of this study, minimum current density should be applied to BPAC-SS-coated electrodes by DC power supplies to treat textile industry effluents at low operating costs. When compared with a plain SS electrode, the spray-coated BPAC on SS electrode provides better performance in effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gowthaman
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - T Selvaraju
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Díaz-Torres E, Roque J, Arreola-Pina AS, Pérez-Guzmán MA, Ortega-Amaya R, Ortega-López M. Nanostructured PbSe Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Using PbSe Colloidal Solutions. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2595. [PMID: 37764623 PMCID: PMC10537198 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the spray pyrolysis deposition of PbSe films, using as-prepared PbSe colloids as the starting solution. The PbSe colloids were prepared by using the alkahest approach, where Pb and Se precursors were made to react with the following green polyols: glycerin, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol, to subsequently spray them onto glass substrates. The results of the characterization indicated that amine or thiol groups-free and single-phase rock-salt cubic PbSe powder was obtained, producing nanocrystals 16-30 nm in size. X-ray diffraction also showed that the PbSe films containing PbSeO3 and PbO·xH2O as impurity phases were produced during the deposition. The morphology of the powders and films was developed by a self-assembly process, in which the primary PbSe nanoparticles self-assemble to produce peanut-like microstructures. Additionally, a non-continuous and porous feature was formed in the thick films. Certain films revealed optical structures characterized by broad- and low-intensity bands resembling an exciton-like behavior. This could be attributed to the presence of nanocrystals with a size less than the Bohr radius, indicating reminiscent quantum effects. The results suggest that the usage of colloidal dispersions as spray solutions represents an effective approach to forming PbSe films, as well as that the synthesis method allows for the elimination of thiol and amine groups before deposition, significantly simplifying the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Díaz-Torres
- Sección de Electrónica del Estado Sólido, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (E.D.-T.); (A.S.A.-P.)
| | - Jorge Roque
- Laboratorio Avanzado de Nanoscopía Electrónica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Alma Sofía Arreola-Pina
- Sección de Electrónica del Estado Sólido, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (E.D.-T.); (A.S.A.-P.)
| | - Manuel Alejandro Pérez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico; (M.A.P.-G.); (R.O.-A.)
| | - Rebeca Ortega-Amaya
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico; (M.A.P.-G.); (R.O.-A.)
- CICFIM-Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad S/N, Cuidad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Ortega-López
- Sección de Electrónica del Estado Sólido, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (E.D.-T.); (A.S.A.-P.)
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Eensalu JS, Mandati S, Don CH, Finch H, Dhanak VR, Major JD, Grzibovskis R, Tamm A, Ritslaid P, Josepson R, Käämbre T, Vembris A, Spalatu N, Krunks M, Oja Acik I. Sb 2S 3 Thin-Film Solar Cells Fabricated from an Antimony Ethyl Xanthate Based Precursor in Air. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:42622-42636. [PMID: 37640298 PMCID: PMC10510044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly expanding demand for photovoltaics (PVs) requires stable, quick, and easy to manufacture solar cells based on socioeconomically and ecologically viable earth-abundant resources. Sb2S3 has been a potential candidate for solar PVs and the efficiency of planar Sb2S3 thin-film solar cells has witnessed a reasonable rise from 5.77% in 2014 to 8% in 2022. Herein, the aim is to bring new insight into Sb2S3 solar cell research by investigating how the bulk and surface properties of the Sb2S3 absorber and the current-voltage and deep-level defect characteristics of solar cells based on these films are affected by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition temperature and the molar ratio of thiourea to SbEX in solution. The properties of the Sb2S3 absorber are characterized by bulk- and surface-sensitive methods. Solar cells are characterized by temperature-dependent current-voltage, external quantum efficiency, and deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements. In this paper, the first thin-film solar cells based on a planar Sb2S3 absorber grown from antimony ethyl xanthate (SbEX) by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis in air are demonstrated. Devices based on the Sb2S3 absorber grown at 200 °C, especially from a solution of thiourea and SbEX in a molar ratio of 4.5, perform the best by virtue of suppressed surface oxidation of Sb2S3, favorable band alignment, Sb-vacancy concentration, a continuous film morphology, and a suitable film thickness of 75 nm, achieving up to 4.1% power conversion efficiency, which is the best efficiency to date for planar Sb2S3 solar cells grown from xanthate-based precursors. Our findings highlight the importance of developing synthesis conditions to achieve the best solar cell device performance for an Sb2S3 absorber layer pertaining to the chosen deposition method, experimental setup, and precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jako S. Eensalu
- Laboratory
of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Department of Materials and Environmental
Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
- Max
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, Lund 224 84, Sweden
| | - Sreekanth Mandati
- Laboratory
of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Department of Materials and Environmental
Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | - Christopher H. Don
- Department
of Physics/Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United
Kingdom
| | - Harry Finch
- Department
of Physics/Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United
Kingdom
| | - Vinod R. Dhanak
- Department
of Physics/Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United
Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Major
- Department
of Physics/Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United
Kingdom
| | - Raitis Grzibovskis
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, Riga LV-1063, Latvia
| | - Aile Tamm
- Laboratory
of Thin Film Technology, Institute of Physics, Tartu University, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peeter Ritslaid
- Laboratory
of Thin Film Technology, Institute of Physics, Tartu University, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raavo Josepson
- Division
of Physics, Department of Cybernetics, Tallinn
University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | - Tanel Käämbre
- Max
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, Lund 224 84, Sweden
- Laboratory
of X-Ray Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Tartu University, W. Ostwaldi Str. 1 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aivars Vembris
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, Riga LV-1063, Latvia
| | - Nicolae Spalatu
- Laboratory
of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Department of Materials and Environmental
Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | - Malle Krunks
- Laboratory
of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Department of Materials and Environmental
Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | - Ilona Oja Acik
- Laboratory
of Thin Film Chemical Technologies, Department of Materials and Environmental
Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
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Rajkumar D, Umamahesvari H, Nagaraju P. Synergistic effects of Mg doping on TiO 2for improved toxic gas sensing performance at room temperature. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35. [PMID: 37582389 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acf0b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The gas sensing characteristics of magnesium (Mg)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were investigated using a spray pyrolysis method. TiO2Thin films with varying Mg doping concentrations (0, 2.5, and 5 weight percentages) were deposited and tested for their gas detection ability to organic compounds such as ethanol, butanol, toluene, xylene, and formaldehyde at room temperature. Results disclosed that introducing Mg into TiO2enhanced the gas sensing characteristics, particularly for formaldehyde. Mg-doped TiO2film improved the change in electrical resistance during gas adsorption, leading to an increased response in formaldehyde detection. Additionally, XRD revealed the crystal structure, while Raman spectroscopy provided insights into molecular vibrational modes of the fabricated films. FESEM allowed for high-resolution imaging of surface morphology, and atomic force microscope assessed surface roughness and other properties of the as deposited samples. UV-Vis spectroscopy was utilized to examine the optical characteristics. The collective results strongly indicated that the introduction of Mg significantly improved the gas-sensing capabilities of TiO2films, making them highly promising for various gas-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rajkumar
- Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Ananthapuramu, Andrapradesh 515002, India
| | - H Umamahesvari
- Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Management Studies, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh 517127, India
| | - P Nagaraju
- Department of Physics, Sreenidhi University, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, Telangana 501301, India
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Chang Y, Bukke RN, Bae J, Jang J. Low-Temperature Solution-Processed HfZrO Gate Insulator for High-Performance of Flexible LaZnO Thin-Film Transistor. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2410. [PMID: 37686917 PMCID: PMC10489735 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) are gaining significant attention in the field of flexible electronics due to their desirable electrical properties, such as high field-effect mobility (μFE), lower IOFF, and excellent stability under bias stress. TFTs have widespread applications, such as printed electronics, flexible displays, smart cards, image sensors, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), and the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this study, we approach using a low-temperature solution-processed hafnium zirconium oxide (HfZrOx) gate insulator (GI) to improve the performance of lanthanum zinc oxide (LaZnO) TFTs. For the optimization of HfZrO GI, HfZrO films were annealed at 200, 250, and 300 °C. The optimized HfZrO-250 °C GI-based LaZnO TFT shows the μFE of 19.06 cm2V-1s-1, threshold voltage (VTH) of 1.98 V, hysteresis voltage (VH) of 0 V, subthreshold swing (SS) of 256 mV/dec, and ION/IOFF of ~108. The flexible LaZnO TFT with HfZrO-250 °C GI exhibits negligible ΔVTH of 0.25 V under positive-bias-temperature stress (PBTS). The flexible hysteresis-free LaZnO TFTs with HfZrO-250 °C can be widely used for flexible electronics. These enhancements were attributed to the smooth surface morphology and reduced defect density achieved with the HfZrO gate insulator. Therefore, the HfZrO/LaZnO approach holds great promise for next-generation MOS TFTs for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoungjin Chang
- Advanced Display Research Center, Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (J.B.)
- Department of Semiconductor Display, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravindra Naik Bukke
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Jinbaek Bae
- Advanced Display Research Center, Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Jin Jang
- Advanced Display Research Center, Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (J.B.)
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Bae J, Ali A, Islam MM, Jeong M, Park C, Jang J. As-Grown Crystalline InGaZnO by Spray Pyrolysis on a Flexible Substrate for a Thin-Film Transistor with Excellent Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:39494-39504. [PMID: 37561400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of low-cost, high-mobility oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) with excellent stability is of increasing interest. The coplanar oxide TFTs can be used for high-speed, large-area, and high-resolution displays. Here, we report highly oriented, as-grown crystalline InGaZnO (c-IGZO) with very low oxygen vacancy defects using spray pyrolysis at the substrate temperature of 425 °C. The c-IGZO exhibits a highly oriented, c-axis aligned crystal perpendicular to the substrate with a high mass density of 6.73 g cm-3 without any disordered incubation layer. Its resistivity can be decreased to 0.42 mΩ cm by NF3 plasma doping, which is essential to achieving high-performance coplanar TFT. We have demonstrated the application of this material to high-performance flexible TFTs. The self-aligned, coplanar c-IGZO TFTs on the polyimide substrate exhibit an average field-effect mobility of 39.60 cm2 V-1 s-1, threshold voltage of -1.00 V, subthreshold swing of 0.21 V dec-1, and on/off current ratio over 108. The ring oscillator and gate driver made of the c-IGZO TFTs exhibit a propagation delay of 8.77 ns/stage and rising/falling times of 648/564 ns, respectively. Therefore, the as-grown c-IGZO by spray pyrolysis has the potential to be utilized as a new oxide semiconductor for the production of low-cost, flexible TFT electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbaek Bae
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Arqum Ali
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Md Mobaidul Islam
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Myeonggi Jeong
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Chanju Park
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
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Chfii H, Bouich A, Andrio A, Torres JC, Soucase BM, Palacios P, Lefdil MA, Compañ V. The Structural and Electrochemical Properties of CuCoO 2 Crystalline Nanopowders and Thin Films: Conductivity Experimental Analysis and Insights from Density Functional Theory Calculations. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2312. [PMID: 37630896 PMCID: PMC10459735 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel manufacturing process is presented for producing nanopowders and thin films of CuCoO2 (CCO) material. This process utilizes three cost-effective synthesis methods: hydrothermal, sol-gel, and solid-state reactions. The resulting delafossite CuCoO2 samples were deposited onto transparent substrates through spray pyrolysis, forming innovative thin films with a nanocrystal powder structure. Prior to the transformation into thin films, CuCoO2 powder was first produced using a low-cost approach. The precursors for both powders and thin films were deposited onto glass surfaces using a spray pyrolysis process, and their characteristics were examined through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, HR-TEM, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses were conducted to determine the conductivity in the transversal direction of this groundbreaking material for solar cell applications. On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the samples was investigated using the four-probe method to obtain the sheet resistivity and then calculate the in-plane conductivity of the samples. We also investigated the aging characteristics of different precursors with varying durations. The functional properties of CuCoO2 samples were explored by studying chelating agent and precursor solution aging periods using Density Functional Theory calculations (DFT). A complementary Density Functional Theory study was also performed in order to evaluate the electronic structure of this compound. Resuming, this study thoroughly discusses the synthesis of delafossite powders and their conversion into thin films, which hold potential as hole transport layers in transparent optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnae Chfii
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain (B.M.S.)
| | - Amal Bouich
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain (B.M.S.)
- Instituto de Energía Solar, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain (P.P.)
| | - Andreu Andrio
- Departamento de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12080 Castellón de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Joeluis Cerutti Torres
- Instituto de Energía Solar, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain (P.P.)
- Departamento Física Aplicada a las Ingenierías Aeronáutica y Naval, ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pz. Cardenal Cisneros, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernabé Mari Soucase
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain (B.M.S.)
| | - Pablo Palacios
- Instituto de Energía Solar, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain (P.P.)
- Departamento Física Aplicada a las Ingenierías Aeronáutica y Naval, ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pz. Cardenal Cisneros, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Compañ
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Payno Zarceño D, Guc M, Kazim S, Pérez-Rodríguez A, Ahmad S. Overcoming Limitations in Water-Ethanol Sprayed Superstrate Solar Cells by Compositional Engineering of Cu 2CdSn(S,Se) 4. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37199725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for solar energy requires materials from earth-abundant elements to ensure cost-effective production. One such light harvester Cu2CdSn(S,Se)4 fulfills this property. We report the development of functional solar cells based on Cu2CdSn(S,Se)4, which has been previously unreported. Furthermore, we deposited the thin films of Cu2CdSn(S,Se)4 by spray pyrolysis using environmentally benign solvents, in a superstrate architecture, reducing the potential cost of upscaling, the environmental hazards, and enabling its use in semitransparent or tandem solar cells. We analyze the Cu2CdSn(S,Se)4 and its optoelectronic characteristics with different sulfur and selenium ratios in the composition. We noted that Se is homogeneously distributed in the absorber and electron transport layer, forming a Cd(S,Se) phase that impacts the optoelectronic properties. The introduction of Se, up to 30%, is found to have a positive impact on the solar cell performance, largely improving the fill factor and absorption in the infrared region, while the voltage deficit is reduced. The device with a Cu2CdSn(S2.8Se1.2) composition had a 3.5% solar-to-electric conversion efficiency, which is on par with the reported values for chalcogenides and the first report using Cu2CdSn(S,Se)4. We identified the critical factors that limit the efficiency, revealing pathways to further reduce the losses and improve the performance. This work provides the first proof of concept of a novel material, paving the way for developing cost-efficient solar cells based on earth-abundant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Guc
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute (IREC), 08930, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samrana Kazim
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, Bld. Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science,48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Rodríguez
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute (IREC), 08930, Barcelona, Spain
- IN2UB, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shahzada Ahmad
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, Bld. Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science,48009 Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Schmidt C, Fechner A, Selyshchev O, Zahn DRT. The Influence of Process Parameters on the Microstructural Properties of Spray-Pyrolyzed β-Ga 2O 3. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13091455. [PMID: 37177000 PMCID: PMC10179802 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the deposition of β-Ga2O3 microstructures and thin films was performed with Ga(NO3)3 solutions by ultrasonic nebulization and spray coating as low-cost techniques. By changing the deposition parameters, the shape of β-Ga2O3 microstructures was controlled. Micro-spheres were obtained by ultrasonic nebulization. Micro-flakes and vortices were fabricated by spray coating aqueous concentrated and diluted precursor solutions, respectively. Roundish flakes were achieved from water-ethanol mixtures, which were rolled up into tubes by increasing the number of deposition cycles. Increasing the ethanol-to-water ratio allows continuous thin films at an optimal Ga(NO3)3 concentration of 0.15 M and a substrate temperature of 190 °C to be formed. The monoclinic β-Ga2O3 phase was achieved by thermal annealing at 1000 °C in an ambient atmosphere. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize these microstructures. In the XRD study, in addition to the phase information, the residual stress values were determined using the sin2(ψ) method. Raman spectroscopy confirms that the β-Ga2O3 phase and relative shifts of the Raman modes of the different microstructures can partially be assigned to residual stress. The high-frequency Raman modes proved to be more sensitive to shifting and broadening than the low-frequency Raman modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Schmidt
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Axel Fechner
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Selyshchev
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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12
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You B, Sun J, Jing Y, Yan G, Guo H, Wang Z, Wang D, Peng W, Li Q, Wang J. A Fresh One-Step Spray Pyrolysis Approach to Prepare Nickel-Rich Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 36881818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Ni-rich layered cathode material LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) with high specific capacity and acceptable rate performance is one of the key cathode materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Coprecipitation, the widely utilized method in the precursor synthesis of NCM811 materials, however, suffers long synthetic processes and challenges in uniform element distribution. The spray pyrolysis method is able to prepare oxide precursors in seconds where all transition-metal elements are well distributed, but the difficulty of lithium distribution will also arise when the lithium salts are added in the subsequent sintering process. Herein, a fresh one-step spray pyrolysis approach is proposed for preparing high-performance NCM811 cathode materials by synthesizing lithium-contained precursors in which all elements are well distributed at a molecular level. The precursors with folded morphology and exceptional uniformity are successfully obtained at a low pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C by an acetate system. Furthermore, the final products commendably inherit the folded morphology of the precursors and exhibit excellent cyclic retentions of 94.6% and 88.8% after 100 and 200 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 200 mA g-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianzheng You
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jiping Sun
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jing
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Guochun Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ding Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Wenjie Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Qihou Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jiexi Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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13
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Messaoudi M, Boudour S. Extent of dependence of crystalline, morphological, optical and electrical properties on deposition time of sprayed SnS thin films. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:342-350. [PMID: 36721899 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present experimental work, Tin Sulphide (SnS) thin films with various thicknesses have been grown on nonconducting substrate by using chemical spray pyrolysis technique in order to study the extent of dependence of crystallite size, morphological and optical properties of SnS films on their deposition times. The obtained films were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-visible and Hall Effect measurements. From 15 min to 60 min with an increase of 15 min each time one of all films was deposited, the XRD analysis indicated that all four sprayed SnS films are mainly composed with orthorhombic SnS phase, having a growing dominant peak intensity (120), with increasing deposition time. In addition, the XRD revealed the presence of the Sn2S3 secondary phase in SnS film sprayed at the longest time (60 min). It was found that the measurements of crystallite size and microstrain are varied in the inverse manner throughout the deposition period. The SEM and AFM analysis revealed that the morphology of sprayed films have good surface coverage without pinholes or cracks. AFM analysis confirmed that the root-mean-square (RMS) roughness behavior of the sprayed films increases from 14.6 to 56.7 nm with increasing deposition time. Optical studies showed that the transmittance decreases with the deposition time increase, and the minimum value of Urbach energy was 360 meV for the film deposited at 45 min, showing an improvement of the SnS film crystallinity. In addition, the optical band gap values significantly increased from 0.69 to 2.10 eV by increasing the deposition time from 15 min to 60 min. The Hall Effect study showed that SnS thin films have p-type conductivity. The lowest resistivity and higher carrier concentration were found to be 0.134 Ω cm and 8.15 × 1019 (ion/cm-3 ), respectively. These obtained results revealed that the deposition time interestingly affect the properties of sprayed SnS films, which would qualifying them to meet the requirements to be serve in different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Messaoudi
- Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Samah Boudour
- Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, Algiers, Algeria
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Singh M, Scotognella F. Recent Progress in Solution Processed Aluminum and co-Doped ZnO for Transparent Conductive Oxide Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:536. [PMID: 36984942 PMCID: PMC10058034 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous growth in the optoelectronic industry, the demand for novel and highly efficient materials is also growing. Specifically, the demand for the key component of several optoelectronic devices, i.e., transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), is receiving significant attention. The major reason behind this is the dependence of the current technology on only one material-indium tin oxide (ITO). Even though ITO still remains a highly efficient material, its high cost and the worldwide scarcity of indium creates an urgency for finding an alternative. In this regard, doped zinc oxide (ZnO), in particular, solution-processed aluminum doped ZnO (AZO), is emerging as a leading candidate to replace ITO due to its high abundant and exceptional physical/chemical properties. In this mini review, recent progress in the development of solution-processed AZO is presented. Beside the systematic review of the literature, the solution processable approaches used to synthesize AZO and the effect of aluminum doping content on the functional properties of AZO are also discussed. Moreover, the co-doping strategy (doping of aluminum with other elements) used to further improve the properties of AZO is also discussed and reviewed in this article.
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15
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Tu M, Yang C, Zhang R, Kong X, Jia R, Yu L, Xu B. One-Step Engineering Carbon Supported Magnetite Nanoparticles Composite in a Submicron Pomegranate Configuration for Superior Lithium-Ion Storage. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:313. [PMID: 36614658 PMCID: PMC9822018 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) that are well dispersed by a submicron sized carbon framework in a pomegranate shape are engineered using a flexible one-step spray pyrolysis strategy. Under inert gas atmosphere, the homogeneously mixed Fe3+ ions and chitosan (CS) molecules are in situ transformed to Fe3O4 nanoparticles and spherical nitrogen-doped carbon coating domains, respectively. Moreover, the obtained Fe3O4@C composite exhibits a unique submicron sized pomegranate configuration, in which favorable electric/ionic pathways have been constructed and the Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been effectively dispersed. When used as an anode electrochemical active material, the Fe3O4@C composite exhibits impressive lithium-ion storage capabilities, and maintains a reversible capacity of 500.2 mAh·g-1 after 500 cycles at a high current density of 1000 mA·g-1 as well as good rate capability. The strategy in this work is straightforward and effective, and the synthesized Fe3O4@C material has good potential in wider applications.
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Kamecki B, Cempura G, Jasiński P, Wang SF, Molin S. Tuning Electrochemical Performance by Microstructural Optimization of the Nanocrystalline Functional Oxygen Electrode Layer for Solid Oxide Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:57449-57459. [PMID: 36520672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Further development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) oxygen electrodes can be achieved through improvements in oxygen electrode design by microstructure miniaturization alongside nanomaterial implementation. In this work, improved electrochemical performance of an La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-d (LSCF) cathode was achieved by the controlled modification of the La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-d (LSC) nanocrystalline interlayer introduced between a porous oxygen electrode and dense electrolyte. The evaluation was carried out for various LSC layer thicknesses, annealing temperatures, oxygen partial pressures, and temperatures as well as subjected to long-term stability tests and evaluated in typical operating conditions in an intermediate temperature SOFC. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a distribution of relaxation times analysis were performed to reveal the rate-limiting electrochemical processes that limit the overall electrode performance. The main processes with an impact on the electrode performance were the adsorption of gaseous oxygen O2, dissociation of O2, and charge transfer-diffusion (O2-). The introduction of a nanoporous and nanocrystalline interlayer with extended electrochemically active surface area accelerates the oxygen surface exchange kinetics and oxygen ion diffusions, reducing polarization resistances. The polarization resistance of the reference LSCF was lowered by one order of magnitude from 0.77 to 0.076 Ω·cm2 at 600 °C by the deposition of a 400 nm LSC interlayer at the interface. The developed electrode tested in the anode-supported fuel cell configuration showed a higher cell performance by 20% compared to the cell with the reference electrode. The maximum power density at 700 °C reaches 675 and 820 mW·cm-2 for the reference cell and the cell with the LSC interlayer, respectively. Aging tests at 700 °C under a high load of 1 A·cm2 were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kamecki
- Advanced Materials Center, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
- Advanced Materials Center, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cempura
- International Centre for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Adama Mickiewicza street 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Jasiński
- Advanced Materials Center, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sea-Fue Wang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Molin
- Advanced Materials Center, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Hammoud A, Souli M, Diouani MF, Alhalaili B, Vidu R, Kamoun-Turki N. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Sprayed Ag-Doped Quaternary Cu 2MgSnS 4 Thin Film for Antibacterial Application. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12193459. [PMID: 36234587 PMCID: PMC9565582 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of silver doping with different Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios (i.e., 2%, 5% and 10% at.% in the spray solution) on the structural, morphological, optical, electrical and antibacterial properties of Cu2MgSnS4 (CMTS) thin film grown by spray pyrolysis have been studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) results have shown that the kesterite phase of CMTS thin films has a maximum crystallite size of about 19.60 nm for 5% Ag/(Ag + Cu). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images have shown spherical grain shapes. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) microscopy observations confirmed the intrinsic reticular planes of CMTS thin film with (112) as a preferred orientation and interplanar spacing value of 3.1 Å. The optical properties showed high absorbance and an absorption coefficient of about 104 cm-1 in the visible region with an optical band gap energy of 1.51 eV. Impedance analysis spectroscopy demonstrated good electrical properties of the CMTS film obtained using 5% Ag/(Ag + Cu). The antibacterial activity of the undoped and Ag-doped particles of CMTS obtained using 5% Ag/(Ag + Cu) against different strains of pathogenic bacteria was tested using the agar well diffusion method. These results showed a significant antibacterial activity of the Ag-doped CMTS particle, which was much higher than the undoped CMTS particles. These experimental findings may open new practices for the Ag-doped CMTS compound, especially the one obtained using 5% Ag/(Ag + Cu), in antibacterial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Hammoud
- LR99ES13, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Souli
- LR99ES13, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fethi Diouani
- LR16IPT03, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology (LEMV), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia
| | - Badriyah Alhalaili
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Ruxandra Vidu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Najoua Kamoun-Turki
- LR99ES13, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
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18
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Subedi N, Mesceriakovas A, Pham K, Heponiemi A, Karhunen T, Saarinen JJ, Lassi U, Lähde A. Aerosol processing technique for the synthesis of mixed-phase copper on carbon catalyst: insights into CO 2adsorption and photocatalytic activity. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:495601. [PMID: 36041324 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8d9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, spray pyrolysis; an aerosol processing technique was utilized to produce a mixed-phase copper on carbon (Cu/CuxO@C) catalyst. The catalyst production was performed via chemical reduction of copper nitrate by a reducing sugar, i.e. glucose, using aqueous solution. The physical and chemical properties of the produced particles was assessed using various characterization techniques. The synthesis temperature had pronounced effect on the final particles. Since CO2adsorption onto the catalyst is an important step in catalytic CO2reduction processes, it was studied using thermogravimetric and temperature programmed desorption techniques. Additionally, photocatalytic activity of the particles was evaluated by gas-phase oxidation of acetylene gas which revealed excellent activity under both UV and visible light irradiation indicating the possible use of wider range of the solar spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Subedi
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arunas Mesceriakovas
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Khai Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anne Heponiemi
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, PO Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tommi Karhunen
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko J Saarinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ulla Lassi
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, PO Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Lähde
- Fine Particle and Aerosol Technology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Bukke RN, Mude NN, Bae J, Jang J. Nano-Scale Ga 2O 3 Interface Engineering for High-Performance of ZnO-Based Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:41508-41519. [PMID: 36066003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film transistor (TFT) is a essential device for future electronics driving the next level of digital transformation. The development of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) TFTs is considered one of the most advantageous devices for next-generation, large-area flexible electronics. This study demonstrates the systematic study of the amorphous gallium oxide (a-Ga2O3) and its application to nanocrystalline ZnO TFTs. The TFT with a-Ga2O3/c-ZnO-stack channel exhibits a field-effect mobility of ∼41 cm2 V-1 s-1 and excellent stability under positive-bias-temperature stress. The a-Ga2O3/c-ZnO-stack TFT on polyimide (PI) substrate exhibits a negligible threshold voltage shift upon 100k bending cycles with a radius of 3 mm and is very stable under environmental test. The smooth morphology with tiny grains of ∼12 nm diameter with fewer grain boundary states improves the charge transport in Ga2O3/ZnO-stack TFT. The existence of amorphous a-Ga2O3 in between very thin ZnO layers helps to enhance the heterointerfaces and reduce the defect density in Ga2O3/ZnO interface. Therefore, integrating a-Ga2O3 in the ZnO channel in stacked TFT can increase mobility and enhance stability for next-generation flexible TFT electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Naik Bukke
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Narendra Naik Mude
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jinbaek Bae
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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20
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Heitmann U, Westraadt J, O'Connell J, Jakob L, Dimroth F, Bartsch J, Janz S, Neethling J. Spray Pyrolysis of ZnO:In: Characterization of Growth Mechanism and Interface Analysis on p-Type GaAs and n-Type Si Semiconductor Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:41149-41155. [PMID: 36041083 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sprayed transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are an interesting alternative to sputtered TCOs for many applications due to the possible high throughput and a simple, atmospheric pressure process of spray deposition. In this work, the growth mechanism of sprayed ZnO:In was analyzed by transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) analysis of the thin film's crystal orientation, which shows a preferred orientation of the growing grains and thus proves that the deposition occurs from the gas phase. It was observed that with increasing thickness of the layer, the average grain size increases and the measured resistivity significantly reduces to ≈5-6 × 10-3 Ω cm for layers of >500 nm thickness. Since many applications also require good electrical contact formation, the contact resistivity and the interface between sprayed IZO and n-type poly-Si and p-type GaAs, two materials that are commonly used in III-V/silicon tandem solar cells, were investigated by electrical measurements and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The interlayers observed in TEM were investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) line scans. The results suggest that oxidic interlayers at the substrate/IZO interface are responsible for the observed higher contact resistivity compared to the contact resistivity of sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) references. The results presented in this work lead to a better understanding of the deposition process occurring in spray pyrolysis and thus allow a more targeted optimization of process parameters depending on the future requirements of the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Heitmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johan Westraadt
- Centre for HRTEM, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, 6001 Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Jacques O'Connell
- Centre for HRTEM, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, 6001 Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Leonie Jakob
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Dimroth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Bartsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Janz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Neethling
- Centre for HRTEM, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, 6001 Gqeberha, South Africa
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21
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Michaels H, Freitag M. Assessment of TiO 2 Blocking Layers for Cu II/I-Electrolyte Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2022; 5:1933-1941. [PMID: 35572067 PMCID: PMC9096799 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c03433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The TiO2 blocking layer in dye-sensitized solar cells is the most difficult component to evaluate at thicknesses below 50 nm, but it is crucial for the power conversion efficiency. Here, the electrode capacitance of TiO2 blocking layers is tested in aqueous [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- and correlated to the performance of photoanodes in devices based on a [Cu(tmby)2]2+/+ electrolyte. The effects of the blocking layer on electronic recombination in the devices are illustrated with transient photovoltage methods and electrochemical impedance analysis. We have thus demonstrated a feasible and facile method to assess TiO2 blocking layers for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Michaels
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
- School
of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle
University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Freitag
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
- School
of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle
University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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22
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Saad R, Gamal A, Zayed M, Ahmed AM, Shaban M, BinSabt M, Rabia M, Hamdy H. Fabrication of ZnO/CNTs for Application in CO 2 Sensor at Room Temperature. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:3087. [PMID: 34835849 PMCID: PMC8624847 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thin films of ZnO and ZnO/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are prepared and used as CO2 gas sensors. The spray pyrolysis method was used to prepare both ZnO and ZnO/CNTs films, with CNTs first prepared using the chemical vapor deposition method (CVD). The chemical structure and optical analyses for all the prepared nanomaterials were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV/Vis spectrophotometer devices, respectively. According to the XRD analysis, the crystal sizes of ZnO and ZnO/CNTs were approximately 50.4 and 65.2 nm, respectively. CNTs have average inner and outer diameters of about 3 and 13 nm respectively, according to the transmitted electron microscope (TEM), and a wall thickness of about 5 nm. The detection of CO2 is accomplished by passing varying rates of the gas from 30 to 150 sccm over the prepared thin-film electrodes. At 150 sccm, the sensitivities of ZnO and ZnO/CNTs sensors are 6.8% and 22.4%, respectively. The ZnO/CNTs sensor has a very stable sensitivity to CO2 gas for 21 days. Moreover, this sensor has a high selectivity to CO2 in comparison with other gases, in which the ZnO/CNTs sensor has a higher sensitivity to CO2 compared to H2 and C2H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Saad
- Nanophotonics and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Ahmed Gamal
- Nanophotonics and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Mohamed Zayed
- Nanophotonics and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Ashour M. Ahmed
- Nanophotonics and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Nanophotonics and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. Box 170, AlMadinah Almonawara 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad BinSabt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Mohamed Rabia
- Nanophotonics and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Hany Hamdy
- Nanophotonics and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (R.S.); (A.G.); (M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
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23
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V S GK, Chattopadhyay S, Misra KP, M G M. Spectroscopic investigation of Cu x Mg 0.2-x Zn 0.8 S (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) thin films for deep and dilute blue LED applications. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 37:28-39. [PMID: 34528753 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effect of copper (Cu) doping on the luminescent properties of the spray deposited Mg0.2 Zn0.8 S thin films were investigated for the first time. The Mg0.2 Zn0.8 S film is an excellent luminescent material with strong blue emissions. In the current investigation, we doped Mg0.2 Zn0.8 S with Cu by taking (Cu + Mg) as 20 at% by keeping other element ratios constant. Among the different samples in the series, Cu0.05 Mg0.15 Zn0.8 S has shown promising results with dark blue emission. Also, these films showed good structural formation with lower or no other impurities, which is evident from the X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the improved material quality of Cu0.05 Mg0.15 Zn0.8 S as compared to the pristine. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies have been carried out for the samples. Various defects induced in the films were investigated by recording the photoluminescence (PL) spectra and Cu:(Mg0.2 Zn0.8 S) films exhibited the capability to produce dilute blue luminescence by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light. The Cu0.05 Mg0.15 Zn0.8 S film showed promising material property, which is suitable for light-emitting diode (LED) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesha Krishna V S
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Saikat Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamakhya Prakash Misra
- Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Mahesha M G
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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24
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Lee JS, Saroha R, Oh SH, Shin DH, Jeong SM, Kim JK, Cho JS. Rational Design of Perforated Bimetallic (Ni, Mo) Sulfides/N-doped Graphitic Carbon Composite Microspheres as Anode Materials for Superior Na-Ion Batteries. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2100195. [PMID: 34928059 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive 3D ordered mesoporous Ni7 S6 -MoS2 /N-doped graphitic carbon (NGC) composite (P-NiMoS/C) microspheres are prepared as anode materials for Na-ion batteries. The rationally designed nanostructure comprises stable Ni7 S6 - and MoS2 -phases along with the homogeneously distributed ordered mesopores (ϕ = 50 nm) over the external and internal structures generated through thermal decomposition of polystyrene nanobeads (ϕ = 100 nm). Therefore, the P-NiMoS/C microspheres deliver initial discharge capacities of 662, 419, 373, 300, 231, 181, and 146 mA h g-1 at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 A g-1 , respectively. Furthermore, P-NiMoS/C exhibits a stable discharge capacity of 444 mA h g-1 at the end of the 150th cycle at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 , indicating higher cycling stability than the filled, that is, non-mesoporous, Ni3 S2 -MoS2 /NGC (F-NiMoS/C) microspheres and filled carbon-free Ni3 S2 -MoS2 (F-NiMoS) microspheres. The superior electrochemical performance of P-NiMoS/C microspheres is attributed to the rapid Na+ ion diffusion, alleviation of severe volume stress during prolonged cycling, and higher electrical conductivity of NGC, which results in fast charge transfer during the redox processes. The results in the present study can provide fundamental knowledge for the development of multicomponent, porous, and highly conductive anodes for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seob Lee
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakesh Saroha
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Oh
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeok Shin
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mun Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Kim
- Department of Solar & Energy Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28503, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sang Cho
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
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25
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Park JS, Yang S, Kang YC. Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of V 2 O 3 by Anchoring on Carbon Nanotube Microspheres with Macrovoids for Ultrafast and Long-Life Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2100578. [PMID: 34928069 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are next-generation energy storage systems with high safety and environmental friendliness because they can be operated in aqueous systems. However, the search for electrode materials with ideal nanostructures and compositions for aqueous ZIBs is in progress. Herein, the synthesis of porous microspheres, consisting of V2 O3 anchored on entangled carbon nanotubes (p-V2 O3 -CNT) and their application as cathode for ZIBs is reported. From various analyses, it is revealed that V2 O3 phase disappears after the initial charge process, and Zn3+ x (OH)2+3 x V2- x O7-3 x ∙2H2 O and zinc vanadate (Zny VOz ) phases undergo zinc-ion intercalation/deintercalation processes from the second cycle. Additionally, the electrochemical performances of p-V2 O3 -CNT, V2 O3 -CNT (without macrovoids), and porous V2 O3 (without CNTs) microspheres are compared to determine the effects of nanostructures and conductive carbonaceous matrix on the zinc-ion storage performance. p-V2 O3 -CNT exhibits a high reversible capacity of 237 mA h g-1 after 5000 cycles at 10 A g-1 . Furthermore, a reversible capacity of 211 mA h g-1 is obtained at an extremely high current density of 50 A g-1 . The macrovoids in V2 O3 nanostructure effectively alleviate the volume changes during cycling, and the entangled CNTs with high electrical conductivity assist in achieving fast electrochemical kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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26
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Wu Y, Li H, Bian X, Wu W, Wang Z, Liu Y. Green and Short Preparation of CeO 2 Nanoparticles with Large Specific Surface Area by Spray Pyrolysis. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:4963. [PMID: 34501053 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Green and short preparation of CeO2 nanoparticles with large specific surface area from rare earth extraction (CeCl3) was successfully achieved by spray pyrolysis (SP). In this method, a precursor solution is first prepared by mixing CeCl3, C6H8O, and H2O in the requisite quantities. Subsequently, the precursor consisting of a mixture of CeO2 and C was obtained by SP method by using the precursor solution. Finally, the calcination at 500 °C~800 °C in air for two hours to transform the precursor to CeO2 nanoparticles. Thermodynamic analysis and experimental studies were performed to determine the optimal SP temperature and citric acid amount. The results indicated that the maximum specific surface area (59.72 m2/g) of CeO2 nanoparticles were obtained when the SP temperature was 650 °C and the molar ratio of citric acid to CeCl3 was 1.5.
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Saha JK, Billah MM, Jang J. Triple-Stack ZnO/AlZnO/YZnO Heterojunction Oxide Thin-Film Transistors by Spray Pyrolysis for High Mobility and Excellent Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:37350-37362. [PMID: 34325511 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a high mobility, triple-stack ZnO/AlZnO/YZnO heterojunction thin-film transistor (TFT) using the semiconductors deposited by spray pyrolysis at 350 °C on an Al2O3 gate insulator. A thin layer (5 nm) of AlZnO on the top of ZnO used as an active layer of an inverted coplanar-structured TFT increases the field-effect mobility (μFE) from 42.56 to 82.7 cm2 V-1 s-1. An additional 5 nm thick YZnO on the top of the ZnO/AlZnO TFT improves the electrical stability by reducing the defects in the bulk ZnO, AlZnO, and at the interface AlOx/ZnO. The ZnO-based materials show a nanocrystalline structure with the grain size less than 20 nm. The triple-stack oxide TFT shows a μFE of 71.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a threshold voltage (VTH) of 2.85 V. The hysteresis voltage for pristine ZnO, ZnO/AlZnO, and ZnO/AlZnO/YZnO TFTs is 0.52, 0.24, and 0.02 V, respectively. The ZnO/AlZnO/YZnO TFT shows a negligible VTH shift under temperature bias stress for 3600 s at 60 °C and excellent environmental stability over a few months, which is due to the presence of stronger Y-O and Al-O bonds in the back channel. The threshold voltage shift under positive bias temperature stress for pristine ZnO, ZnO/AlZnO, and ZnO/AlZnO/YZnO TFTs is 0.78, 0.40, and 0.15 V, respectively. Compared to the pristine ZnO TFT, the ZnO/AlZnO/YZnO TFT shows better environmental and bias stabilities with improved hysteresis. The experimental data of ZnO/AlZnO and ZnO/AlZnO/YZnO TFTs can be fitted by technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation using the density of states model of the oxide semiconductors. From the TCAD simulation, it is found that a 2D-like electron gas is formed at the narrow AlZnO layer between ZnO and YZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewel Kumer Saha
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Physics, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Masum Billah
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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28
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López-Cisneros M, Smolentseva E, Acosta B, Simakov A. Synthesis by spray pyrolysis of gold nano species confined in iron oxide nanospheres effective in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:425602. [PMID: 34252889 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac137c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The highly effective Au/Fe2O3-@Au/Fe2O3nanoreactors for the 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction are successfully obtained by one-pot synthesis using the spray pyrolysis (SP) technique. The Au/Fe2O3-@Au/Fe2O3nanoreactors manifest superior catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-NP in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) compared to gold-iron oxide nanoreactors prepared via a colloidal approach. The negative effect of the reaction product accumulation, the 4-aminophenol (4-AP), on the catalytic reduction of 4-NP over Au/Fe2O3-@Au/Fe2O3is examined by a direct pre-injection of 4-AP to the reaction media. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first experimental evidence of gold active sites blocking by 4-AP. All obtained samples are characterized by the yolk-shell spherical hollow structure mainly consisted of two embedded hollow nanospheres. The reduction of iron oxide precursor concentration diminishes the diameter of final iron oxide nanospheres. According to STEM-EDS analysis and STEM, Au nano species are uniformly dispersed on both iron oxide nanospheres. The SP technique presently used to synthesize Au/Fe2O3-@Au/Fe2O3nanoreactors manifests high potential for the one-pot fabrication of a large variety of nanoreactors with various active materials applied as heterogeneous catalysts in numerous catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin López-Cisneros
- Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana a Ensenada, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
- Departamento De Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Avenida Universidad S/N, Flamingos, C.P. 81048, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Elena Smolentseva
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana a Ensenada, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Brenda Acosta
- Cátedras CONACYT, Coordinación para la Innovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78000, Mexico
| | - Andrey Simakov
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana a Ensenada, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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29
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Leng J, Wang J, Peng W, Tang Z, Xu S, Liu Y, Wang J. Highly-Dispersed Submicrometer Single-Crystal Nickel-Rich Layered Cathode: Spray Synthesis and Accelerated Lithium-Ion Transport. Small 2021; 17:e2006869. [PMID: 33709556 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For conventional polycrystalline Ni-rich cathode material consisting of numerous primary particles in disordered orientation, the crystal anisotropy in charge/discharge process results in the poor rate capability and rapid capacity degradation. In this work, highly-dispersed submicron single-crystal LiNi0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 O2 (SC-NCA) cathode is efficiently prepared by spray pyrolysis (SP) technique followed by a simple solid-state lithiation reaction. Porous Ni0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 Ox precursor prepared via SP exhibits high chemical activity for lithiation reaction, enabling the fabrication of single-crystal cathode at a relatively low temperature. In this way, the contradiction between high crystallinity and cation disordering is well balanced. The resulted optimized SC-NCA shows polyhedral single-crystal morphology with moderate grain size (≈1 μm), which are beneficial to shortening the Li+ diffusion path and improving the structural stability. As cathode for lithium ion batteries, SC-NCA delivers a high discharge capacity of 202 and 140 mAh g-1 at 0.1 and 10 C, respectively, and maintains superior capacity retention of 161 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at 1C. No micro-crack is observed in the cycled SC-NCA particles, indicating such single-crystal morphology can greatly relieve the anisotropic micro-strain. This effective, continuous and adaptable strategy for preparing single-crystal Ni-rich cathode without any additive may accelerate their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Leng
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy & School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiapei Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy & School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Tang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shengming Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy & School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jiexi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy & School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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Peng TY, Chen MS, Chen YY, Chen YJ, Chen CY, Fang A, Shao BJ, Chen MH, Lin CK. Impact of Zr-Doped Bi 2O 3 Radiopacifier by Spray Pyrolysis on Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:453. [PMID: 33477858 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) have been developed as a dental root repair material for a range of endodontics procedures. They contain a small amount of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) as a radiopacifier to differentiate adjacent bone tissue on radiographs for endodontic surgery. However, the addition of Bi2O3 to MTA will increase porosity and lead to the deterioration of MTA's mechanical properties. Besides, Bi2O3 can also increase the setting time of MTA. To improve upon the undesirable effects caused by Bi2O3 additives, we used zirconium ions (Zr) to substitute the bismuth ions (Bi) in the Bi2O3 compound. Here we demonstrate a new composition of Zr-doped Bi2O3 using spray pyrolysis, a technique for producing fine solid particles. The results showed that Zr ions were doped into the Bi2O3 compound, resulting in the phase of Bi7.38Zr0.62O12.31. The results of materials analysis showed Bi2O3 with 15 mol % of Zr doping increased its radiopacity (5.16 ± 0.2 mm Al) and mechanical strength, compared to Bi2O3 and other ratios of Zr-doped Bi2O3. To our knowledge, this is the first study of fabrication and analysis of Zr-doped Bi2O3 radiopacifiers through the spray pyrolysis procedure. The study reveals that spray pyrolysis can be a new technique for preparing Zr-doped Bi2O3 radiopacifiers for future dental applications.
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Osip H, Czosnek C, Janik JF, Marchewka J, Sitarz M. Amorphous Silicon Oxynitride-Based Powders Produced by Spray Pyrolysis from Liquid Organosilicon Compounds. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14020386. [PMID: 33466864 PMCID: PMC7830796 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Silicon oxynitrides (SiOxNy) have many advantageous properties for modern ceramic applications that justify a development of their new and efficient preparation methods. In the paper, we show the possibility of preparing amorphous SiOxNy-based materials from selected liquid organosilicon compounds, methyltrimethoxysilane CH3Si(OCH3)3 and methyltriethoxysilane CH3Si(OC2H5)3, by a convenient spray pyrolysis method. The precursor mist is transported with an inert gas or a mixture of reactive gases through a preheated tube reactor to undergo complex decomposition changes, and the resulting powders are collected in the exhaust filter. The powders are produced in the tube at temperatures of 1200, 1400, and 1600 °C under various gas atmosphere conditions. In the first option, argon Ar gas is used for mist transportation and ammonia NH3 gas serves as a reactive medium, while in the second option nitrogen N2 is exclusively applied. Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results confirm the highly amorphous nature of all products except those made at 1600 °C in nitrogen. SEM examination shows the spheroidal particle morphology of powders, which is typical for this method. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy reveals the presence of Si–N and Si–O bonds in the powders prepared under Ar/NH3, whereas those produced under N2 additionally contain Si–C bonds. Raman spectroscopy measurements also support some turbostratic free carbon C in the products prepared under nitrogen. The directly determined O- and N-contents provide additional data linking the process conditions with specific powder composition, especially from the point of view of oxygen replacement in the Si–O moieties formed upon initial precursor decomposition reactions by nitrogen (from NH3 or N2) or carbon (from the carbonization of the organic groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorata Osip
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (H.O.); (J.F.J.)
| | - Cezary Czosnek
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (H.O.); (J.F.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jerzy F. Janik
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (H.O.); (J.F.J.)
| | - Jakub Marchewka
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Maciej Sitarz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.M.); (M.S.)
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Polokhin AA, Kharissova OV, Torres-Martínez LM, Gerasimenko AY, Selvas R, Jiang J, Kharisov BI. Tapered Optical Fiber Detector for a Red Dye Concentration Measurement. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2021; 15:47-54. [PMID: 32589564 DOI: 10.2174/1872210514666200626165916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this work, a detector based on optical fiber covered with Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) was used for sensing and removal of Alizarin from wastewaters. Alizarin is a strong anionic red dye that is part of the anthraquinone dye group. As a rule, this dye is used in the textile industry as a coloring agent. Experiments showed a good efficiency of wastewater treatment. This development could resolve the problem of water contamination with Alizarin red dye. METHODS We used a single-mode fiber SMF-28e with a core diameter of 8.2 μm and a cladding diameter of 125 μm as a base for the tapered optical fiber detector. An MWCNTs array was synthesized on the tapered optical fiber detector surface by spray pyrolysis Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method at 800oC for 20 min inside a tubular furnace, using ferrocene solution in toluene as a catalyst precursor. The formed structure was applied for Alizarin detection in water. RESULTS According to the patent studies, the nanotubes completely covered the optical fiber surface and the array had a high density with minimal distance between nearby nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes were oriented along the radius of the optical fiber. The average diameter of carbon nanotubes was 24 nm. The optical absorbance levels increased as the Alizarin concentration increased from 50 mg/L to 1000 mg/L. MWCNTs on the optical fiber tapered section adsorbed the dye molecules from aqueous solution. Three intensive absorption bands with the wavelength of the 700, 714 and 730 nm appeared and their intensity increased as the Alizarin concentration increased. The accumulated Alizarin can be recovered by multiple immersing clean water. This property may make tapered optical fiber detector reusable and increase the economic expediency of the sensor application. CONCLUSION The study showed higher Alizarin adsorption efficiency of the tapered optical fiber detector compared with relative detectors. This structure can be reusable for dye detection. Removal efficiency for Alizarin reached 98.6%, which makes the tapered optical fiber detector promising for wastewater treatment and dye elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A Polokhin
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Ave. Universidad, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Oxana V Kharissova
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Ave. Universidad, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Leticia M Torres-Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Ave. Universidad, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Alexander Y Gerasimenko
- National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124498, Russian Federation
| | - Romeo Selvas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Ave. Universidad, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Jiechao Jiang
- Characterization Center for Materials and Biology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, 231 Engineering Lab Building, Box 10931, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Boris I Kharisov
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ave. Universidad, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., C.P. 66455, Mexico
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Ying H, Yang T, Zhang S, Guo R, Wang J, Han WQ. Dual Immobilization of SnO x Nanoparticles by N-Doped Carbon and TiO 2 for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:55820-55829. [PMID: 33284592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The grain aggregation engendered kinetics failure is regarded as the main reason for the electrochemical decay of nanosized anode materials. Herein, we proposed a dual immobilization strategy to suppress the migration and aggregation of SnOx nanoparticles and corresponding lithiation products through constructing SnOx/TiO2@PC composites. The N-doped carbon could anchor the tin oxide particles and inhibit their aggregation during the preparation process, leading to a uniform distribution of ultrafine SnOx nanoparticles in the matrix. Meanwhile, the incorporated TiO2 component works as parclose to suppress the migration and coarsening of SnOx and corresponding lithiation products. In addition, the N-doped carbon and TiO2/LixTiO2 can significantly improve the electrical and ionic conductivities of the composites, enabling a good diffusion and charge-transfer dynamics. Owing to the dual immobilization from the "synergistic effect" of N-doped carbon and the "parclose effect" of TiO2, the conversion reaction of SnOx remains fully reversible throughout the cycling. Thereby, the composites exhibit excellent cycling performance in half cells and can be fully utilized in full cells. This work may provide an inspiration for the rational design of tin-based anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Ying
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shunlong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Rongnan Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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Kim JK, Kang YC. Encapsulation of Se into Hierarchically Porous Carbon Microspheres with Optimized Pore Structure for Advanced Na-Se and K-Se Batteries. ACS Nano 2020; 14:13203-13216. [PMID: 32991145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-selenium (Na-Se) and potassium-selenium (K-Se) batteries have emerged as promising energy storage systems with high energy density and low cost. However, major issues such as huge Se volume changes, polyselenide shuttling, and low Se loading need to be overcome. Although many strategies have been developed to resolve these issues, the relationship between the carbon host pore structure and electrochemical performance of Se has not been studied extensively. Here, the effect of the carbon host pore structure on the electrochemical performance of Na-Se and K-Se batteries is investigated. N, S-co-doped hierarchically porous carbon microspheres with different pore structures that can incorporate a large amount of amorphous Se (∼60 wt %) are synthesized by spray pyrolysis and subsequent chemical activation at different temperatures. By optimizing the amount of micropore volume and micropore-to-mesopore ratio, high reversible capacity and cycling stability are achieved for the Se cathode. The optimized cathode delivers a reversible capacity of 445 mA h g-1 after 400 cycles at 0.5C for Na-Se batteries and 436 mA h g-1 after 120 cycles at 0.2C for K-Se batteries. This study marks the importance of developing conductive carbon matrices with delicately designed pore structures for advanced alkali metal-chalcogen battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Koo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Zhussupbekova A, Caffrey D, Zhussupbekov K, Smith CM, Shvets IV, Fleischer K. Low-Cost, High-Performance Spray Pyrolysis-Grown Amorphous Zinc Tin Oxide: The Challenge of a Complex Growth Process. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:46892-46899. [PMID: 32955846 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are important materials for a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Amorphous zinc tin oxide (a-ZTO) is a TCO and one of the best nontoxic, low-cost replacements for more expensive amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide. Here, we employ spray pyrolysis (SP), an inexpensive and versatile chemical vapor deposition-based technique, to synthesize a-ZTO with an as-deposited conductivity of ≈300 S/cm-the highest value hitherto among the reported solution-processed films. Compositional analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a nonstoichiometric transfer of Zn and Sn from the dissolved precursors into the film, with the best electrical properties achieved at a film composition of xfilm = 0.38 ± 0.04 ((ZnO)x(SnO2)1-x (0 < x < 1)). The morphology of these films is compared to films synthesized by physical vapor deposition (PVD), and a strong correlation between morphology and electrical properties is revealed. The granular nature of the SP-grown films, which seems like a drawback at first glance, brings about the prospect of using a-ZTO in ink-jet-printed films from a nanoparticle suspension for the room-temperature deposition. Brief post-anneal cycles in N2 gas improve the conductivity of the films by means of grain boundary (GB) passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainur Zhussupbekova
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Caffrey
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kuanysh Zhussupbekov
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christopher M Smith
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Igor V Shvets
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Karsten Fleischer
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Physics, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Mouratis K, Tudose V, Romanitan C, Pachiu C, Tutunaru O, Suchea M, Couris S, Vernardou D, Emmanouel K. Electrochromic Performance of V 2O 5 Thin Films Grown by Spray Pyrolysis. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13173859. [PMID: 32882927 PMCID: PMC7503691 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new approach regarding the development of nanostructured V2O5 electrochromic thin films at low temperature (250 °C), using air-carrier spray deposition and ammonium metavanadate in water as precursor is presented. The obtained V2O5 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, while their electrochromic response was studied using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The study showed that this simple, cost effective, suitable for large area deposition method can lead to V2O5 films with large active surface for electrochromic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Mouratis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (V.T.); (D.V.)
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece;
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (M.S.); (K.E.)
| | - Valentin Tudose
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (V.T.); (D.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Cosmin Romanitan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT Bucharest, 126A, Erou Iancu 8 Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania; (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.)
| | - Cristina Pachiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT Bucharest, 126A, Erou Iancu 8 Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania; (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.)
| | - Oana Tutunaru
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT Bucharest, 126A, Erou Iancu 8 Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania; (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.)
| | - Mirela Suchea
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (V.T.); (D.V.)
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies—IMT Bucharest, 126A, Erou Iancu 8 Nicolae Street, 077190 Bucharest, Romania; (C.R.); (C.P.); (O.T.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (M.S.); (K.E.)
| | - Stelios Couris
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece;
| | - Dimitra Vernardou
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (V.T.); (D.V.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Koudoumas Emmanouel
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (V.T.); (D.V.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (M.S.); (K.E.)
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Bukke RN, Saha JK, Mude NN, Kim Y, Lee S, Jang J. Lanthanum Doping in Zinc Oxide for Highly Reliable Thin-Film Transistors on Flexible Substrates by Spray Pyrolysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:35164-35174. [PMID: 32657115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed metal-oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) are considered as one of the most favorable devices for next-generation, large-area flexible electronics. In this paper, we demonstrate the excellent material properties of lanthanum-zinc oxide (LaZnO) thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis and their application to TFTs. The threshold voltage of the LaZnO TFTs shifts toward positive gate voltage, and the mobility decreases with increasing lanthanum ratio in ZnO from 0 to 20%. The purification of the LaZnO precursor (P-LaZnO) further improves the device performance. The P-LaZnO TFT exhibits a field-effect mobility of 22.43 cm2 V-1 s-1, zero hysteresis voltage, and negligible threshold voltage VTH shift under positive bias temperature stress. The enhancement in the electrical properties is due to a decrease in grain size, smooth surface roughness, and reduction in the trap density in the LaZnO film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirm the presence of La in the TFT channel and at/near the interface of the LaZnO and ZrOx gate insulator, leading to fewer interfacial traps. The flexible P-LaZnO TFT fabricated on the polyimide substrate exhibits a mobility of 17.64 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a negligible VTH shift under bias stress. Also, the inverter made of LZO TFTs is working well with a voltage gain of 17.74 (V/V) at 4 V. Therefore, the LaZnO TFT is a promising device for next-generation flexible displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Naik Bukke
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jewel Kumer Saha
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Narendra Naik Mude
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Youngoo Kim
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Suhui Lee
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Advanced Display Research Center (ADRC), Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Lhermitte CR, Polo A, Yao L, Boudoire FA, Guijarro N, Sivula K. Generalized Synthesis to Produce Transparent Thin Films of Ternary Metal Oxide Photoelectrodes. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:3645-3653. [PMID: 32372487 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing facile approaches to prepare non-light-scattering ternary oxide thin film photoelectrodes is an important goal for solar water splitting tandem cells. Herein, a novel synthesis route is reported that employs ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to enable compatible water solubility of diverse metal cations, which affords transparent films by solution processing. By using BiVO4 as a model material, a remarkable improvement in transparency is demonstrated, quantified by the direct transmittance at 600 nm of >80 % versus the <10 % observed with state-of-the-art electrodeposited thin films while maintaining reasonable solar-driven oxidation photocurrents (1.75 mA cm-2 in the presence of a sulfite hole scavenger). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the synthesis technique can be applied in a general fashion towards the synthesis of diverse n- and p-type metal oxide materials, such as ZnFe2 O4 and CuFeO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Lhermitte
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Polo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Liang Yao
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florent A Boudoire
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nestor Guijarro
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Sivula
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Saha JK, Bukke RN, Mude NN, Jang J. Remarkable Stability Improvement of ZnO TFT with Al 2O 3 Gate Insulator by Yttrium Passivation with Spray Pyrolysis. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E976. [PMID: 32438551 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the impact of yttrium oxide (YOx) passivation on the zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film transistor (TFT) based on Al2O3 gate insulator (GI). The YOx and ZnO films are both deposited by spray pyrolysis at 400 and 350 °C, respectively. The YOx passivated ZnO TFT exhibits high device performance of field effect mobility (μFE) of 35.36 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage (VTH) of 0.49 V and subthreshold swing (SS) of 128.4 mV/dec. The ZnO TFT also exhibits excellent device stabilities, such as negligible threshold voltage shift (∆VTH) of 0.15 V under positive bias temperature stress and zero hysteresis voltage (VH) of ~0 V. YOx protects the channel layer from moisture absorption. On the other hand, the unpassivated ZnO TFT with Al2O3 GI showed inferior bias stability with a high SS when compared to the passivated one. It is found by XPS that Y diffuses into the GI interface, which can reduce the interfacial defects and eliminate the hysteresis of the transfer curve. The improvement of the stability is mainly due to the diffusion of Y into ZnO as well as the ZnO/Al2O3 interface.
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Bendahmane B, Tomić M, Touidjen NEH, Gràcia I, Vallejos S, Mansour F. Influence of Mg Doping Levels on the Sensing Properties of SnO 2 Films. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E2158. [PMID: 32290346 PMCID: PMC7180774 DOI: 10.3390/s20072158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the effect of magnesium (Mg) doping on the sensing properties of tin dioxide (SnO2) thin films. Mg-doped SnO2 films were prepared via a spray pyrolysis method using three doping concentrations (0.8 at.%, 1.2 at.%, and 1.6 at.%) and the sensing responses were obtained at a comparatively low operating temperature (160 °C) compared to other gas sensitive materials in the literature. The morphological, structural and chemical composition analysis of the doped films show local lattice disorders and a proportional decrease in the average crystallite size as the Mg-doping level increases. These results also indicate an excess of Mg (in the samples prepared with 1.6 at.% of magnesium) which causes the formation of a secondary magnesium oxide phase. The films are tested towards three volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including ethanol, acetone, and toluene. The gas sensing tests show an enhancement of the sensing properties to these vapors as the Mg-doping level rises. This improvement is particularly observed for ethanol and, thus, the gas sensing analysis is focused on this analyte. Results to 80 ppm of ethanol, for instance, show that the response of the 1.6 at.% Mg-doped SnO2 film is four times higher and 90 s faster than that of the 0.8 at.% Mg-doped SnO2 film. This enhancement is attributed to the Mg-incorporation into the SnO2 cell and to the formation of MgO within the film. These two factors maximize the electrical resistance change in the gas adsorption stage, and thus, raise ethanol sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouteina Bendahmane
- Electronic Materials Study for Medical Applications (LEMEAMED) Laboratory, Electronic Department, Science and Technology Faculty, Frères Mentouri University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Milena Tomić
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nour El Houda Touidjen
- Electronic Materials Study for Medical Applications (LEMEAMED) Laboratory, Electronic Department, Science and Technology Faculty, Frères Mentouri University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Isabel Gràcia
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Stella Vallejos
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Farida Mansour
- Electronic Materials Study for Medical Applications (LEMEAMED) Laboratory, Electronic Department, Science and Technology Faculty, Frères Mentouri University, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
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Zhu J, Cao G, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zheng J, Zhang D. Influence of the Synthesis Route on the Properties of Hybrid NiO-MnCo 2 O 4 -Ni 6 MnO 8 Anode Materials and their Electrochemical Performances. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:1890-1899. [PMID: 31840943 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
New materials with different morphologies, nanostructures, and components can have structural advantages for application in materials science. Multicomponent-active hybrid nanostructured materials are among the best candidates for application in electrode materials. Spray pyrolysis and solvothermal synthesis are two popular methods for the preparation of multicomponent-active hybrid nanostructured materials. In this study, the two types of NiO-MnCo2 O4 -Ni6 MnO8 hybrid anode materials for use in lithium-ion batteries were synthesized by two different methods (spray pyrolysis and solvothermal synthesis), and the differences in their physical and electrochemical properties were compared. The two types of anode material exhibited the same hierarchical hybrid composition, but some different physical characteristics, which affected their electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Guolin Cao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Xining, 810008, P.R. China
| | - Yunjiao Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Junchao Zheng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Dianwei Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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Zapata-Ramírez V, Dos Santos-Gómez L, Mather GC, Marrero-López D, Pérez-Coll D. Enhanced Intermediate-Temperature Electrochemical Performance of Air Electrodes for Solid Oxide Cells with Spray-Pyrolyzed Active Layers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:10571-10578. [PMID: 32058683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential of interactive layers of mixed-conducting oxides for improving the performance of air electrodes of solid oxide cells in the intermediate-temperature range is demonstrated. Active layers of Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO), Ce0.8Pr0.2O2-δ (CPO), and SrFe0.9Mo0.1O3-δ (SFM) with thickness in the range 200-400 nm are deposited on CGO-based electrolyte by spray pyrolysis, followed by deposition of a SFM/CGO composite air electrode by painting. The morphologies and phase composition of the active layers are examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis. The electrochemical performance of the electrolyte-electrode assemblies is determined by impedance spectroscopy in the range 600-800 °C. Significant improvements in the performance of the electrode process and the geometrically normalized ohmic conductance are observed for the assembly with a CPO active layer with mixed-oxide-ionic-electronic conductivity, especially in the low-temperature range, attributable to extension of the surface path of the electrochemical reactions. The CGO intermediate layer also improves performance but to a lesser degree, most likely due to better ionic-current collection in comparison to the assemblies with either SFM as the active layer or no active layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Glenn C Mather
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Marrero-López
- Departamento de Fı́sica Aplicada I, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Domingo Pérez-Coll
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Murtaza G, Alderhami S, Alharbi YT, Zulfiqar U, Hossin M, Alanazi AM, Almanqur L, Onche EU, Venkateswaran SP, Lewis DJ. Scalable and Universal Route for the Deposition of Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Metal Sulfide Materials from Molecular Precursors. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2020; 3:1952-1961. [PMID: 32296758 PMCID: PMC7147260 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.9b02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A range of binary, ternary (CFS), and quaternary (CZTS) metal sulfide materials have been successfully deposited onto the glass substrates by air-spray deposition of metal diethyldithiocarbamate molecular precursors followed by pyrolysis (18 examples). The as-deposited materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), Raman spectroscopy, secondary electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, which in all cases showed that the materials were polycrystalline with the expected elemental stoichiometry. In the case of the higher sulfides, EDX spectroscopy mapping demonstrated the spatial homogeneity of the elemental distributions at the microscale. By using this simple and inexpensive method, we could potentially fabricate thin films of any given main group or transition metal chalcogenide material over large areas, theoretically on substrates with complex topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Murtaza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- International
Centre for Advanced Materials (ICAM, Manchester Hub), University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Suliman Alderhami
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Yasser T Alharbi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Usama Zulfiqar
- International
Centre for Advanced Materials (ICAM, Manchester Hub), University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Mousa Hossin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Abdulaziz M. Alanazi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Laila Almanqur
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Usman Onche
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Sai P. Venkateswaran
- BP
America, Incorporated, 501 Westlake Park Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77079, United States
| | - David J. Lewis
- International
Centre for Advanced Materials (ICAM, Manchester Hub), University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
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García BO, Kharissova OV, Dias HVR, Kharisov BI. Preparation of Tubular Forest-like and Other Carbon Structures Using Distinct Carbon Sources and Catalyst Concentrations. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2020; 14:153-162. [PMID: 31702524 DOI: 10.2174/1872210513666191107142221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this work, various carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthetized by the spray pyrolysis method. Resulting nanoforest-like and bamboo-like carbon nanotubes, as well as Yjunctions of carbon nanotubes, possess different shapes and morphology, depending on the kind of carbon source used and on the number of iron particles on the furnace tube surface, which derives from various concentrations of ferrocene catalyst. METHODS We used the spray pyrolysis method, using different carbon sources (n-pentane, n-hexane, nheptane, and acrylonitrile) as precursors and two different concentrations of ferrocene as a catalyst. Reactions of hydrocarbon decomposition were carried out at 800oC. The solution (hydrocarbon and catalyst) was introduced with a syringe, with a flow of 1 mL/min and the synthesis time of 20 min. Argon was used as carrier gas (1000 L/min). Preheater and oven temperatures were selected 180°C and 800°C, respectively, for each carbon source. The solution passed into a quartz tube placed in an oven. RESULTS According to the studies of carbon nanostructures, obtained from different precursors, it can be proposed that the structures synthesized from n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane are formed by the root growth method. The growth mechanism of MWCNTs was studied, confirming that the root growth formation of products takes place, whose parameters also depend on furnace temperature and gas flow rate. Dependence of interlayer distance (0.34-0.50 nm) in the formed MWCNTs on precursors and reaction conditions is also elucidated. The formation of carbon nanotubes does not merely depend on carbon precursors but also has strong correlations with such growth conditions as different catalyst concentrations, furnace temperature and gas flow rate. Such parameters as the amount of catalyst and synthesis time are also needed to be considered, since they are important to find minor values of these parameters in the synthesis of forest-like carbon nanotubes and other structures such as bamboo-like carbon nanotubes and Y-junctions in carbon nanotubes. CONCLUSION As a result of the evaluation of interlayer distance in CNTs formed from different carbon sources, a standard value of interlayer distance normally for CNTs is 0.34 nm and for pentane A (0.5 wt.%), hexane B (1 wt.%), toluene A (0.5 wt.%) the range is from 0.33 to 0.35 nm. In case of pentane and acrylonitrile, under an increase of the catalyst concentration, an increase of the value of interlayer distance takes place from 0.35 and 0.4 to 0.4 and 0.5 nm, respectively, but for hexane, heptane and cyclohexane, an increase of the catalyst concentration maintains the same interlayer distance. This involves the use of lower quantities of raw materials and, therefore less cost for obtaining these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz O García
- Department of Physico-Mathematics, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., 66455, Mexico
| | - Oxana V Kharissova
- Department of Physico-Mathematics, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., 66455, Mexico
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Boris I Kharisov
- Department of Physico-Mathematics, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., 66455, Mexico
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Kim S, Mina MS, Lee J, Kim J. Sulfur-Alloying Effects on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 Solar Cell Fabricated Using Aqueous Spray Pyrolysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:45702-45708. [PMID: 31718124 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) solar cells using aqueous spray based deposition, which is inexpensive and covers a large area. To apply the sprayed film to a photoabsorber of a solar cell, post-sulfo-selenization was carried out. Through the sulfo-selenization process, we were able to fabricate various S-alloyed CIGSSe films from S/(S + Se) = 0 (S-0.0) to S/(S + Se) = 0.4 (S-0.4). CIGSSe solar cells were made with the S-alloyed CIGSSe absorbers. Power conversion efficiency of CIGSSe solar cell was found to be increased with S-alloying up to S-0.3, and the best efficiency of 10.89% was obtained with the S-0.3 CIGSSe absorber. Comparison study of S-alloyed CIGSSe solar cells showed that enhanced efficiency in S-0.3 solar cell is due to the increased open-circuit voltage and an improved fill factor, which is induced by S-alloying. In addition, admittance spectroscopy revealed that the defect density of the deep level was developed in the S-alloyed S-0.3 CIGSSe absorber. However, the defect density was observed to be rather reduced. Details of characterization and analysis results are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeongYeon Kim
- Department of Physics , Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Republic of Korea
| | - Md Salahuddin Mina
- Department of Physics , Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Physics , Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Republic of Korea
| | - JunHo Kim
- Department of Physics , Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Republic of Korea
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46
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Li R, Yang Y, Sun N, Kuai L. Mesoporous Cu-Ce-O x Solid Solutions from Spray Pyrolysis for Superior Low-Temperature CO Oxidation. Chemistry 2019; 25:15586-15593. [PMID: 31574171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Development of Pt group metal-free catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation remains critical. In this work, active and stable mesoporous Cu-Ce-Ox solid solutions are prepared by using spray pyrolysis. The specific surface areas and pore volumes reach as high as 170 m2 g-1 and 0.24 cm3 g-1 , respectively. The results of CO oxidation study suggest that (1) the catalyst obtained by spray pyrolysis possesses much higher activity than those made by co-precipitation, sol-gel, and hydrothermal methods; (2) the optimal Cu0.2 -Ce0.8 -Ox solid solution presents a reactivity over 28 times that of both single-component CuO and CeO2 at 70 °C. Based on the study of pure-phase Cu-Ce-Ox solid solutions by selective leaching of segregated CuOx species, the active center for CO oxidation is confirmed as the bimetallic Cu-Ce-O site, whereas the individual CuOx particles not only act as spectators but also block the active Cu-Ce-O sites. A low apparent activation energy of approximately 48 kJ mol-1 is detected for CO oxidation at the Cu-Ce-O site, making Cu-Ce-Ox solid solutions able to present high activity at low temperature. Furthermore, the Cu-Ce-Ox catalysts exhibit excellent stability and thermal tolerance toward CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengui Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Materials & Substance Catalytic Conversion of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Polytechnic University, Beijing Middle Road, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Materials & Substance Catalytic Conversion of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Polytechnic University, Beijing Middle Road, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Na Sun
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Materials & Substance Catalytic Conversion of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Polytechnic University, Beijing Middle Road, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Long Kuai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Materials & Substance Catalytic Conversion of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Polytechnic University, Beijing Middle Road, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
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Wang CJ, You HC, Lin K, Ou JH, Chao KH, Ko FH. Highly Transparent and Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced Visible-Photodetector Based on Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors with Heterojunction Structure. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3639. [PMID: 31694214 DOI: 10.3390/ma12213639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Highly transparent zinc oxide (ZnO)-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) capable of detecting visible light were fabricated through spray pyrolysis on a fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. The spray-deposited channel layer of ZnO had a thickness of approximately 15 nm, and the thickness exhibited a linear increase with an increasing number of sprays. Furthermore, the ZnO thin-film exhibited a markedly smoother channel layer with a significantly lower surface roughness of 1.84 nm when the substrate was 20 cm from the spray nozzle compared with when it was 10 cm away. Finally, a ZnO and Au-NP heterojunction nanohybrid structure using plasmonic energy detection as an electrical signal, constitutes an ideal combination for a visible-light photodetector. The ZnO-based TFTs convert localized surface plasmon energy into an electrical signal, thereby extending the wide band-gap of materials used for photodetectors to achieve visible-light wavelength detection. The photo-transistors demonstrate an elevated on-current with an increase of the AuNP density in the concentration of 1.26, 12.6, and 126 pM and reach values of 3.75, 5.18, and 9.79 × 10−7 A with applied gate and drain voltages. Moreover, the threshold voltage (Vth) also drifts to negative values as the AuNP density increases.
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48
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Cho J, Hwang S, Ko DH, Chung S. Transparent ZnO Thin-Film Deposition by Spray Pyrolysis for High-Performance Metal-Oxide Field-Effect Transistors. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3423. [PMID: 31635035 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Solution-based metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) have emerged, with their potential for low-cost and low-temperature processability preserving their intrinsic properties of high optical transparency and high carrier mobility. In particular, MOS field-effect transistors (FETs) using the spray pyrolysis technique have drawn huge attention with the electrical performances compatible with those of vacuum-based FETs. However, further intensive investigations are still desirable, associated with the processing optimization and operational instabilities when compared to other methodologies for depositing thin-film semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate high-performing transparent ZnO FETs using the spray pyrolysis technique, exhibiting a field-effect mobility of ~14.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, an on/off ratio of ~109, and an SS of ~0.49 V/decade. We examine the optical and electrical characteristics of the prepared ZnO films formed by spray pyrolysis via various analysis techniques. The influence of spray process conditions was also studied for realizing high quality ZnO films. Furthermore, we measure and analyze time dependence of the threshold voltage (Vth) shifts and their recovery behaviors under prolonged positive and negative gate bias, which were expected to be attributed to defect creation and charge trapping at or near the interface between channel and insulator, respectively.
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49
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Garcia-Torregrosa I, Wijten JHJ, Zanoni S, Oropeza FE, Hofmann JP, Hensen EJM, Weckhuysen BM. Template-Free Nanostructured Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Scaffolds for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:36485-36496. [PMID: 31523952 PMCID: PMC6790916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of highly stable and conductive F:SnO2 (FTO) nanopyramid arrays are investigated, and their use as scaffolds for water splitting is demonstrated. Current densities during the oxygen evolution reaction with a NiFeOx catalyst at 2 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode were increased 5-fold when substituting commercial FTO (TEC 15) by nanostructured FTO scaffolds. In addition, thin α-Fe2O3 films (∼50 nm thick) were employed as a proof of concept to show the effect of our nanostructured scaffolds during photoelectrochemical water splitting. Double-layer capacitance measurements showed a drastic increase of the relative electrochemically active surface area for the nanostructured samples, in agreement with the observed photocurrent enhancement, whereas UV-vis spectroscopy indicates full absorption of visible light at wavelengths below 600 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Garcia-Torregrosa
- Inorganic Chemistry
and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem H. J. Wijten
- Inorganic Chemistry
and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Zanoni
- Inorganic Chemistry
and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy E. Oropeza
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and
Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and
Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and
Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry
and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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50
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Deyu GK, Muñoz-Rojas D, Rapenne L, Deschanvres JL, Klein A, Jiménez C, Bellet D. SnO 2 Films Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis: Influence of Al Incorporation on the Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:E2797. [PMID: 31370316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum-doped tin oxide (SnO 2:Al) thin films were produced by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The effect of aluminum doping on structural, optical, and electrical properties of tin oxide thin films synthesized at 420 ∘C was investigated. Al doping induced a change in the morphology of tin oxide films and yielded films with smaller grain size. SnO 2 thin films undergo a structural reordering and have a texture transition from (301) to (101), and then to (002) preferred cristallographic orientation upon Al doping. The lattice parameters (a and c) decreases with Al doping, following in a first approximation Vegard's law. The optical transmission does not change in the visible region with an average transmittance value of 72-81%. Conversely, in the near infrared (NIR) region, the plasmon frequency shifts towards the IR region upon increasing Al concentration in the grown films. Nominally undoped SnO 2 have a conductivity of ∼1120 S/cm, which is at least two orders of magnitude larger than what is reported in literature. This higher conductivity is attributed to the Cl- ions in the SnCl 4.5(H 2 O) precursor, which would act as donor dopants. The introduction of Al into the SnO 2 lattice showed a decrease of the electrical conductivity of SnO 2 due to compensating hole generation. These findings will be useful for further studied tackling the tailoring of the properties of highly demanded fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) films.
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