1
|
Schumi-Mareček D, Bertram F, Mikulík P, Varshney D, Novák J, Kowarik S. Millisecond X-ray reflectometry and neural network analysis: unveiling fast processes in spin coating. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:314-323. [PMID: 38596729 PMCID: PMC11001405 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576724001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray reflectometry (XRR) is a powerful tool for probing the structural characteristics of nanoscale films and layered structures, which is an important field of nanotechnology and is often used in semiconductor and optics manufacturing. This study introduces a novel approach for conducting quantitative high-resolution millisecond monochromatic XRR measurements. This is an order of magnitude faster than in previously published work. Quick XRR (qXRR) enables real time and in situ monitoring of nanoscale processes such as thin film formation during spin coating. A record qXRR acquisition time of 1.4 ms is demonstrated for a static gold thin film on a silicon sample. As a second example of this novel approach, dynamic in situ measurements are performed during PMMA spin coating onto silicon wafers and fast fitting of XRR curves using machine learning is demonstrated. This investigation primarily focuses on the evolution of film structure and surface morphology, resolving for the first time with qXRR the initial film thinning via mass transport and also shedding light on later thinning via solvent evaporation. This innovative millisecond qXRR technique is of significance for in situ studies of thin film deposition. It addresses the challenge of following intrinsically fast processes, such as thin film growth of high deposition rate or spin coating. Beyond thin film growth processes, millisecond XRR has implications for resolving fast structural changes such as photostriction or diffusion processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Schumi-Mareček
- Physikalische Chemie, Graz University, Heinrichstraße 28, Graz, Steiermark 8010, Austria
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsche Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petr Mikulík
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 61137, Czechia
| | - Devanshu Varshney
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 61137, Czechia
| | - Jiří Novák
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 61137, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 621 00, Czechia
| | - Stefan Kowarik
- Physikalische Chemie, Graz University, Heinrichstraße 28, Graz, Steiermark 8010, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Erdoğan N, Şen Karaman D, Yıldız Ö, Özdemir GD, Ercan UK. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles accommodating electrospun nanofibers as implantable local drug delivery system processed by cold atmospheric plasma and spin coating approaches. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025015. [PMID: 38181435 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1bb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Nanofibers (NF) and nanoparticles are attractive for drug delivery to improve the drug bioavailability and administration. Easy manipulation of NF as macroscopic bulk material give rise to potential usages as implantable local drug delivery systems (LLDS) to overcome the failures of systemic drug delivery systems such as unmet personalized needs, side effects, suboptimal dosage. In this study, poly(ethylene glycol) polyethyleneimine (mPEG:PEI) copolymer blended polyϵ-caprolactone NFs, NFblendaccommodating mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as the implantable LLDS was achieved by employing spin coating and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as the post-process for accommodation on NFblend. The macroporous morphology, mechanical properties, wettability, andin vitrocytocompatibility of NFblendensured their potential as an implantable LLDS and superior features compared to neat NF. The electron microscopy images affirmed of NFblendrandom fiber (average diameter 832 ± 321 nm) alignments and accessible macropores before and after MSN@Cur accommodation. The blending of polymers improved the elongation of NF and the tensile strength which is attributed as beneficial for implantable LLDS. CAP treatment could significantly improve the wettability of NF observed by the contact angle changes from ∼126° to ∼50° which is critical for the accommodation of curcumin-loaded MSN (MSN@Cur) andin vitrocytocompatibility of NF. The combined CAP and spin coating as the post-processes was employed for accommodating MSN@Cur on NFblendwithout interfering with the electrospinning process. The post-processing aided fine-tuning of curcumin dosing (∼3 µg to ∼15 µg) per dose unit and sustained zero-order drug release profile could be achieved. Introducing of MSN@Cur to cells via LLDS promoted the cell proliferation compared to MSN@Cur suspension treatments and assigned as the elimination of adverse effects by nanocarriers by the dosage form integration. All in all, NFblend-MSN@Cur was shown to have high potential to be employed as an implantable LLDS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which mPEG:PEI copolymer blend NF are united with CAP and spin coating for accommodating nano-drug carriers, which allows for NF both tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nursu Erdoğan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Didem Şen Karaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Yıldız
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dilara Özdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Utku Kürşat Ercan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lavric R, Vreme C, Busuioc C, Isopencu GO, Nicoara AI, Oprea OC, Banciu DD, Constantinoiu I, Musat AMR. The Effect of Silver and Samarium on the Properties of Bioglass Coatings Produced by Pulsed Laser Deposition and Spin Coating. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:560. [PMID: 38132814 PMCID: PMC10744176 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14120560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study reports the use of silver (Ag) and samarium (Sm) as dopants to improve the properties of standard bioglass in terms of biological performance. This experiment considers thin films of doped bioglass obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and spin coating (SC). For both methods, some parameters were gradually varied, as the main objective was to produce a bioglass that could be used in biomedical fields. In order to study the morphology, the phase composition and other properties, the samples obtained were subjected to multiple analyses, such as thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the in vitro bioactivity of the samples, as assessed through simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion, as well as immunocytochemistry and evaluation of actin filaments, assessed through fluorescence microscopy, are reported. The results confirmed the formation of the designed vitreous target employed as the source of material in the PLD experiments only at sintering temperatures below 800 °C; this vitreous nature was preserved in the grown film as well. The presence of Ag and Ce dopants in the parent glassy matrix was validated for all stages, from powder, to target, to PLD/SC-derived coatings. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the surface topography of the layers can be adjusted by using substrates with different roughness or by modulating the processing parameters, such as substrate temperature and working pressure in PLD, rotation speed, and number of layers in SC. The developed material was found to be highly bioactive after 28 days of immersion in SBF, but it was also found to be a potential candidate for inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and a suitable support for cell growth and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Lavric
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (R.L.)
| | - Cornelia Vreme
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (R.L.)
| | - Cristina Busuioc
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Olimpia Isopencu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adrian-Ionut Nicoara
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Cristian Oprea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniel-Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (R.L.)
| | - Izabela Constantinoiu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Lasers, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria-Raluca Musat
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zimmermann SJ, Moritz P, Höfft O, Wegewitz L, Maus-Friedrichs W, Dahle S. Characterization of Molecular Interactions in the Bondline of Composites from Plasma-Treated Aluminum and Wood. Molecules 2023; 28:7574. [PMID: 38005296 PMCID: PMC10673544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood and aluminum composites are becoming increasingly attractive due to their ability to combine the advantages of both materials: the lightweight nature of wood and the strength of aluminum. However, using conventional wood adhesives like polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) to bond these dissimilar materials is challenging and requires special surface treatments. Prior studies have demonstrated that applying a dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment significantly enhances shear and bending strengths in beech wood/aluminum bonds. This study focuses on the molecular interactions between PVAc and aluminum or beech wood influenced by plasma surface modification. Surface-sensitive methods, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, were employed to characterize the PVAc films on the corresponding surfaces and to identify possible interactions. The ultrathin PVAc films required for this purpose were deposited by spin coating on untreated and plasma-treated aluminum. The aluminum surface was cleaned and oxidized by plasma. Additionally, hydroxyl species could be detected on the surface. This can lead to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the aluminum and the carbonyl oxygen of PVAc after plasma treatment, presumably resulting in increased bond strength. Furthermore, the beech wood surface is activated with polar oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Jan Zimmermann
- Clausthal Center for Materials Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastrasse 2, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Philipp Moritz
- Clausthal Center for Materials Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastrasse 2, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Oliver Höfft
- Institute for Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Lienhard Wegewitz
- Clausthal Center for Materials Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastrasse 2, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maus-Friedrichs
- Clausthal Center for Materials Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastrasse 2, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dahle
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lyu Q, Zhu T, Xu N, Qu H, Zhong Q. High-Performance (Ce, Zr)O 2-Free Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with an Active-Sintered Cathode Interface and a Low-Temperature Densified Micron-Scale Barrier Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:40588-40594. [PMID: 37589267 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating a dense GDC (Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95) barrier layer is an effective strategy to avoid harmful reactions between the LSCF (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ) cathode and the YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) electrolyte. In this study, a micron-scale and dense GDC barrier layer is obtained by the combination of spin coating, low-temperature sintering, and hydrothermal-assisted densification. The cell exhibits decent output performance, with a peak power density of 1.07 W/cm2 at 780 °C. The ohmic and polarization resistances are significantly decreased by ∼44 and ∼36% than the cell with the screen-printed GDC barrier layer, respectively. Due to the low sintering temperature of the GDC barrier layer at 1200 °C, there is nearly no generation of (Ce, Zr)O2 at the interface of GDC/YSZ. The thin and dense GDC barrier layer effectively shortens the oxygen-ion conduction pathway, as well as hinders Sr migration from the cathode, highlighting its remarkable potential for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqiu Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tenglong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Na Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Hongxia Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qin Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gogoi B, Gockley C, Venu S, Zhu Y, Alluri P, Malik AA, Despande MS, Phadnis R, Amonoo E, Li X, Alford TL. Ultrafast and Large-Scale Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS Nanofilms Using Electrical-Field-Assisted Direct Ink Deposition. Molecules 2023; 28:5989. [PMID: 37630240 PMCID: PMC10458509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of conductive polymers has significantly increased over the decade due to their various applications, such as in electronic devices, sensors, and photovoltaics. Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most successfully and widely used polymers in practical applications. Spin coating is extensively used to fabricate these conductive films; however, it has disadvantages. It is inherently a batch process with relatively low output and high solution wastage. To address these issues, we developed a novel printing process called electrical-field-assisted direct ink deposition (EF-DID), which yields a continuous, homogenous film with high electrical conductivity. In this process, we studied the formation of nanodroplets under an electrical field and their effects on film characteristics. Furthermore, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was considered as an additive solvent to increase the conductivity and wettability of the films. We then compared EF-DID-printed PEDOT:PSS films with spin-coated films to better understand the film properties. Finally, inverted perovskite solar cell devices were fabricated and compared, where the PEDOT:PSS layers were prepared by EF-DID printing and spin coating. Based on the experimental results, a solution of 20% PEDOT:PSS in DMSO (vol/vol) printed by EF-DID for 15 s provided optimal morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Gogoi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Carson Gockley
- School for Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Sushmitha Venu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Yizhen Zhu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Pranith Alluri
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Ayinawu Abdul Malik
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Mitesh Suhas Despande
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Raveena Phadnis
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Evangeline Amonoo
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Xiangjia Li
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Terry L. Alford
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (S.V.); (Y.Z.); (P.A.); (A.A.M.); (M.S.D.); (E.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren C, Zhou Z, Cao S, Jiao M, Xue D. Study on the Adsorption Deformation of a Substrate via Spin Coating Based on the 3D-DIC Method and Its Effect on the Homogeneity of Perovskite Films. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5454. [PMID: 37570155 PMCID: PMC10419583 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The physical and chemical stability of perovskite films has always been a key issue for their industrialization, which has been extensively studied in terms of materials, environment, and encapsulation. Spin coating is one of the most commonly used methods for the preparation of perovskite films in research. However, little attention has been paid to the deformation state of the substrate when it is fixed by means of adsorption and its impact. In this work, the three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) method and hyperspectral technology are used to acquire and analyze the adsorption deformation characteristics of the substrate during spin coating, as well as the resulting inhomogeneity. Plastic and four different thicknesses of float glass (0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 1.1 mm) were selected as substrates, and they were tested separately on two suction cups with different structures. The results show that the plastic and 0.2 mm specimens exhibit obvious strain localization behavior. The distribution and magnitude of the strain are affected by the size of the sucker structure, especially the width of the groove. For glass specimens, this effect shows a nonlinear decrease with increasing substrate thickness. Compared to the strain value, the irregularity of local deformation has a greater impact on the non-uniform distribution of materials. Finally, inhomogeneities in the perovskite films were observed through optical lens and hyperspectral data. Obviously, the deformation of the substrate caused by adsorption should attract the attention of researchers, especially for flexible or rigid substrates with low thickness. This may affect the centrifugal diffusion path of the precursor, causing microstructure inhomogeneity and residual stress, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ren
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Thin membranous tissues (TMTs) are anatomical structures consisting of multiple stratified cell layers, each less than 100 μm in thickness. While these tissues are small in scale, they play critical roles in normal tissue function and healing. Examples of TMTs include the tympanic membrane, cornea, periosteum, and epidermis. Damage to these structures can be caused by trauma or congenital disabilities, resulting in hearing loss, blindness, dysfunctional bone development, and impaired wound repair, respectively. While autologous and allogeneic tissue sources for these membranes exist, they are significantly limited by availability and patient complications. Tissue engineering has therefore become a popular strategy for TMT replacement. However, due to their complex microscale architecture, TMTs are often difficult to replicate in a biomimetic manner. The critical challenge in TMT fabrication is balancing fine resolution with the ability to mimic complex target tissue anatomy. This Review reports existing TMT fabrication strategies, their resolution and material capabilities, cell and tissue response, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon McLoughlin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Abigail Ruth McKenna
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Islam MJ, Lee H, Lee K, Cho C, Kim B. Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Fabricated Using Spin Coating of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and ZnO Composite. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1289. [PMID: 37049382 PMCID: PMC10096930 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this context, the open-circuit voltage generated by either poly (vinylidene fluoride) or PVDF and ZnO composite sample before being enhanced to 4.2 V compared to 1.2 V for the samples of pure PVDF. The spin coating method was used to create a composite film, which served as a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG). Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and PVDF serve as the matrix for the coating structure. Thin films were created that employed the spin coating method to achieve the desired results of ZnO's non-brittle outcome and piezoelectric characteristics, as well as PVDF for use in self-powered devices. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were used to evaluate the properties of these formations. The electrical properties of the film were measured using an oscilloscope. Results indicated that by adding ZnO nanoparticles to the PVDF samples, piezoelectric capabilities were enhanced compared to samples containing PVDF only. These results point to promising uses for various wearable devices, such as water strider robot systems and self-operating equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jahirul Islam
- Department of Semiconductor Electronic Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea; (M.J.I.)
| | - Hyeji Lee
- Department of Semiconductor Electronic Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea; (M.J.I.)
| | - Kihak Lee
- Department of Semiconductor Electronic Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea; (M.J.I.)
| | - Chanseob Cho
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonghwan Kim
- Department of Semiconductor Electronic Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea; (M.J.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ketchemen KIY, Lapalikar V, Carrillo-Aravena E, Nyamen LD, Ndifon PT, Ruck M. Thiourea-Derived Single-Source Molecular Precursor For Spin-Coated PbS Thin Films. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300045. [PMID: 37060033 PMCID: PMC10104949 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In search of a suitable single-source precursor for the deposition of nanostructured PbS thin films at moderate temperatures under ambient conditions, we have synthesized the ligand N-(thiomorpholine-4-carbothioyl)benzamide and its corresponding lead(II) complex. The structures of both compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the complex, two ligands coordinate to a lead(II) atom in hemi-directed geometry through S and O atoms. Secondary intermolecular Pb⋅⋅⋅S interactions group the complexes into pairs. As bulk powders, both the ligand and complex show nominal composition and purity as evidenced by elemental analysis, 1 H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Thermal analysis of the lead(II) complex was carried out to understand its thermal decomposition behaviour for establishing a thin film fabrication protocol. Thin films of phase-pure PbS were fabricated using this new molecular precursor at the comparatively low annealing temperature of 250 °C. The film showed nanoparticles with cuboidal morphology and a blue-shifted optical absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin I Y Ketchemen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Vaidehi Lapalikar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eduardo Carrillo-Aravena
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda D Nyamen
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Peter T Ndifon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids (MPI-CPfS), Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Chen P, Zhang J, Ji Q, Yang M, Huang Y, Cheng YJ, Guo K, Xia Y. Having Your Cake and Eating It Too: Electrode Processing Approach Improves Safety and Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:15561-15573. [PMID: 36918149 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A layered Li[NixCoyMn1-x-y]O2 (NCM)-based cathode is preferred for its high theoretical specific capacity. However, the two main issues that limit its practical application are severe safety issues and excessive capacity decay. A new electrode processing approach is proposed to synergistically enhance the electrochemical and safety performance. The polyimide's (PI) precursor is spin-coated on the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) electrode sheet, and the homogeneous sulfonated PI layer is in situ produced by thermal imidization reaction. The PI-spin coated (PSC) layer provides improvements in capacity retention (86.47% vs 53.77% after 150 cycles at 1 C) and rate performance (99.21% enhancement at 5 C) as demonstrated by the NCM523-PSC||Li half-cell. The NCM523-PSC||graphite pouch full cell proves enhanced capacity retention (76.62% vs 58.58% after 500 cycles at 0.5 C) as well. The thermal safety of the NCM523-PSC cathode-based pouch cell is also significantly improved, with the critical temperature of thermal safety T1 (the beginning temperature of obvious self-heating temperature) and thermal runaway temperature T2 increased by 60.18 and 44.59 °C, respectively. Mechanistic studies show that the PSC layer has multiple effects as a passivation layer such as isolation of electrode-electrolyte contact, oxygen release suppression, solvation structure tuning, and the decomposition of carbonate solvents as well as LiPF6 inhibition. This work provides a new path for a cost-effective and scalable design of electrode decoration with synergistic safety-electrochemical kinetics enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410028, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qing Ji
- Vehicle Energy and Safety Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315336, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yudai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Cheng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Guo
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410028, P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, Shijingshan District, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ward J, Dunne E, Schoen I, Boyd AR, Kenny D, Meenan BJ. Nanotopography of Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) for the Promotion of Patient Specific Von Willebrand Factor Entrapment and Platelet Adhesion in a Whole Blood Microfluidic Assay. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061580. [PMID: 36987359 PMCID: PMC10054393 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet function testing is essential for the diagnosis of patients with bleeding disorders. Specifically, there is a need for a whole blood assay that is capable of analysing platelet behaviour in contact with a patient-specific autologous von Willebrand factor (vWF), under physiologically relevant conditions. The creation of surface topography capable of entrapping and uncoiling vWF for the support of subsequent platelet adhesion within the same blood sample offers a potential basis for such an assay. In this study, spin coating of polystyrene/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) demixed solutions onto glass substrates in air has been used to attain surfaces with well-defined topographical features. The effect of augmenting the PS/PMMA solution with uniform 50 µm PS microspheres that can moderate the demixing process on the resultant surface features has also been investigated. The topographical features created here by spin coating under ambient air pressure conditions, rather than in nitrogen, which previous work reports, produces substrate surfaces with the ability to entrap vWF from flowing blood and facilitate platelet adhesion. The direct optical visualisation of fluorescently-labelled platelets indicates that topography resulting from inclusion of PS microspheres in the PS/PMMA spin coating solution increases the total number of platelets that adhere to the substrate surface over the period of the microfluidic assay. However, a detailed analysis of the adhesion rate, mean translocating velocity, mean translocation distance, and fraction of the stably adhered platelets measured during blood flow under arterial equivalent mechanical shear conditions indicates no significant difference for topographies created with or without inclusion of the PS microspheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ward
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK
| | - Eimear Dunne
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrian R Boyd
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK
| | - Dermot Kenny
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian J Meenan
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh M, Scotognella F. Recent Progress in Solution Processed Aluminum and co-Doped ZnO for Transparent Conductive Oxide Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:536. [PMID: 36984942 PMCID: PMC10058034 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous growth in the optoelectronic industry, the demand for novel and highly efficient materials is also growing. Specifically, the demand for the key component of several optoelectronic devices, i.e., transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), is receiving significant attention. The major reason behind this is the dependence of the current technology on only one material-indium tin oxide (ITO). Even though ITO still remains a highly efficient material, its high cost and the worldwide scarcity of indium creates an urgency for finding an alternative. In this regard, doped zinc oxide (ZnO), in particular, solution-processed aluminum doped ZnO (AZO), is emerging as a leading candidate to replace ITO due to its high abundant and exceptional physical/chemical properties. In this mini review, recent progress in the development of solution-processed AZO is presented. Beside the systematic review of the literature, the solution processable approaches used to synthesize AZO and the effect of aluminum doping content on the functional properties of AZO are also discussed. Moreover, the co-doping strategy (doping of aluminum with other elements) used to further improve the properties of AZO is also discussed and reviewed in this article.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tran DT, Chen FH, Wu GL, Ching PCO, Yeh ML. Influence of Spin Coating and Dip Coating with Gelatin/Hydroxyapatite for Bioresorbable Mg Alloy Orthopedic Implants: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:705-718. [PMID: 36695051 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Suitable biomechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity of a degradable magnesium (Mg) alloy make it a potential material for orthopedic implants. The main limitation of Mg is its high corrosion rate in the human body. Surface modification is necessary to improve the Mg corrosion resistance. In this work, a polymeric layer of gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite (Gel/nHA) was coated on a ZK60 Mg alloy by dip coating and spin coating to test the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. The results from the in vitro test revealed that the coated groups reduced the corrosion rate with the corrosion current density by 59 and 81%, from 31.22 to 12.83 μA/cm2 and 5.83 μA/cm2 in the spin coating and dip coating groups, respectively. The dip coating group showed better corrosion resistance than the spin coating group with the lowest released hydrogen content (17.5 mL) and lowest pH value (8.23) and reducing the current density by 45%. In vitro, the relative growth rate was over 75% in all groups tested with MG63, demonstrating that the Mg substrate and coating materials were within the safety range. The dip coating and spin coating groups enhanced the cell proliferation with significantly higher OD values (3.3, 3.0, and 2.5, respectively) and had better antihemolysis and antiplatelet adhesion abilities than the uncoated group. The two coating methods showed no difference in the cellular response, cell migration, hemolysis, and platelet adhesion test. In in vivo tests in rats, the dip coating group also showed a higher corrosion resistance with a lower corrosion rate and mass loss than the spin coating group. In addition, the blood biochemistry and histopathology results indicated that all materials used in this study were biocompatible with living subjects. The present research confirmed that the two methods have no noticeable difference in cell and organ response but the corrosion resistance of dip coating was higher than that of spin coating either in vitro or in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duong-Thuy Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Daxue Road, East District, Tainan701, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Daxue Road, East District, Tainan701, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Lin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Daxue Road, East District, Tainan701, Taiwan
| | - Paula Carmela O Ching
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Daxue Road, East District, Tainan701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Long Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Daxue Road, East District, Tainan701, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Daxue Road, East District, Tainan701, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moritz P, Höfft O, Wegewitz L, Maus-Friedrichs W. Interaction of Cyanoacrylate with Metal Oxide Surfaces (Cu, Al). Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300076. [PMID: 36815341 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanoacrylates are an extremely reactive class of adhesives. Despite their commercial use as instant adhesives, the adhesion mechanism, especially to technically relevant oxidized metal surfaces, has not yet been sufficiently investigated. In the present work, ultra-thin ethyl cyanoacrylate films are deposited on copper oxide and aluminum oxide by spin coating and cured there. Various surface sensitive spectroscopy methods are used to identify possible interactions. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates, among other information, hydrogen bonding of the carbonyl group to the oxidized surfaces. Metastable induced electron spectroscopy (MIES) measurements support the theory of this preferential molecular orientation. In addition, XPS shows the presence of an ionic carboxylate (COO- ) species at the interface. Infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) measurements confirm this ionic interaction and furthermore allow to investigate the influence of water on the reaction. A possible interaction mechanism of cyanoacrylates with metal oxides could be proposed. The formation of a carboxylate species probably occurs by hydrolysis of the ethyl group via the intermediate of a carboxyl (COOH) species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moritz
- Clausthal Center for Materials Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastrasse 2, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Oliver Höfft
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Lienhard Wegewitz
- Clausthal Center for Materials Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastrasse 2, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maus-Friedrichs
- Clausthal Center for Materials Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastrasse 2, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang J, You YF, Vasu D, Chen SC, Chiu TW, Prashanth G, Chen PC. Improving the p-Type CuCrO 2 Thin Film's Electrical and Optical Properties. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1000. [PMID: 36770007 PMCID: PMC9919057 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we studied the functional properties of CuCrO2, which is the most promising p-type transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The thin films were fabricated using a spin coating technique. The diffraction patterns were obtained with the help of X-ray diffractions, and the optical properties of absorption characteristics were studied using UV-visible absorption. The physical properties of film formation and surface morphology were analyzed using FESEM analysis. The aging properties were also analyzed with the help of various precursors with different aging times. The CuCrO2 thin films' functional properties were determined by using chelating agent and precursor solution aging times. The CuCrO2 thin films have better transmittance, resistance, figure of merit (FOM), and electrical conductivity. Moreover, the resistivity values of the CuCrO2 thin films are 7.01, 9.90, 12.54, 4.10, 2.42, and 0.35 Ω cm. The current research article covers the preparation of copper chromium delafossite thin films. These thin films can be suitable for hole transport layers in transparent optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Jiang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng You
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Dhanapal Vasu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chi Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering and Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Te-Wei Chiu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Gopi Prashanth
- Godi Energy, 12 (p), 13, 14 (p), Road No. 2, Hardware Park, Hyderabad 500005, India
| | - Po Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- E-Current Co., Ltd., 10F.-5, No. 50, Sec. 4, Nanjing E. Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City 10553, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ham J, Lim J, Hong S, Lee WC. Spin Coating Promotes the Epitaxial Growth of AgCN Microwires on 2D Materials. ACS Nano 2022; 16:20521-20532. [PMID: 36475627 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth of inorganic crystals on 2D materials is expected to greatly advance nanodevices and nanocomposites. However, because pristine surfaces of 2D materials are chemically inert, it is difficult to grow inorganic crystals epitaxially on 2D materials. Previously, successful results were achieved only by vapor-phase deposition at high temperature, and solution-based deposition including spin coating made the epitaxial growth unaligned, sparse, or nonuniform on 2D materials. Here, we show that solvent-controlled spin coating can uniformly deposit a dense layer of epitaxial AgCN microwires onto various 2D materials. Adding ethanol to an aqueous AgCN solution facilitates uniform formation of the thin supersaturated solution layer during spin coating, which promotes heterogeneous crystal nucleation on 2D material surfaces over homogeneous nucleation in the bulk solution. Microscopic analysis confirms highly aligned, uniform, and dense growth of epitaxial AgCN microwires on graphene, MoS2, hBN, WS2, and WSe2. The epitaxial microwires, which are optically observable and chemically removable, enable crystallographic mapping of grains in millimeter-sized polycrystalline graphene as well as precise control of twist angles (<∼1°) in van der Waals heterostructures. In addition to these practical applications, our study demonstrates the potential of 2D materials as epitaxial templates even in spin coating of inorganic crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Ham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemook Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjoon Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chul Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi15588, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Helke C, Reinhardt M, Arnold M, Schwenzer F, Haase M, Wachs M, Goßler C, Götz J, Keppeler D, Wolf B, Schaeper J, Salditt T, Moser T, Schwarz UT, Reuter D. On the Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer-Based Waveguide Probes for Use in Future Optical Cochlear Implants. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:106. [PMID: 36614443 PMCID: PMC9821155 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Improved hearing restoration by cochlear implants (CI) is expected by optical cochlear implants (oCI) exciting optogenetically modified spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) via an optical pulse generated outside the cochlea. The pulse is guided to the SGNs inside the cochlea via flexible polymer-based waveguide probes. The fabrication of these waveguide probes is realized by using 6" wafer-level micromachining processes, including lithography processes such as spin-coating cladding layers and a waveguide layer in between and etch processes for structuring the waveguide layer. Further adhesion layers and metal layers for laser diode (LD) bonding and light-outcoupling structures are also integrated in this waveguide process flow. Optical microscope and SEM images revealed that the majority of the waveguides are sufficiently smooth to guide light with low intensity loss. By coupling light into the waveguides and detecting the outcoupled light from the waveguide, we distinguished intensity losses caused by bending the waveguide and outcoupling. The probes were used in first modules called single-beam guides (SBGs) based on a waveguide probe, a ball lens and an LD. Finally, these SBGs were tested in animal models for proof-of-concept implantation experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Helke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nanosystems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technical University of Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Markus Reinhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nanosystems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Experimental Sensor Science, Technical University of Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Markus Arnold
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technical University of Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Falk Schwenzer
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technical University of Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Micha Haase
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nanosystems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technical University of Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Matthias Wachs
- Experimental Sensor Science, Technical University of Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christian Goßler
- Experimental Sensor Science, Technical University of Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Götz
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Keppeler
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Wolf
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jannis Schaeper
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Danny Reuter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nanosystems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technical University of Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Furko M, Horváth ZE, Czömpöly O, Balázsi K, Balázsi C. Biominerals Added Bioresorbable Calcium Phosphate Loaded Biopolymer Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415737. [PMID: 36555378 PMCID: PMC9779388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystalline calcium phosphate (CP) bioceramic coatings and their combination with biopolymers are innovative types of resorbable coatings for load-bearing implants that can promote the integration of metallic implants into human bodies. The nanocrystalline, amorphous CP particles are an advantageous form of the various calcium phosphate phases since they have a faster dissolution rate than that of crystalline hydroxyapatite. Owing to the biomineral additions (Mg, Zn, Sr) in optimized concentrations, the base CP particles became more similar to the mineral phase in human bones (dCP). The effect of biomineral addition into the CaP phases was thoroughly studied. The results showed that the shape, morphology, and amorphous characteristic slightly changed in the case of biomineral addition in low concentrations. The optimized dCP particles were then incorporated into a chosen polycaprolactone (PCL) biopolymer matrix. Very thin, non-continuous, rough layers were formed on the surface of implant substrates via the spin coating method. The SEM elemental mapping proved the perfect incorporation and distribution of dCP particles into the polymer matrix. The bioresorption rate of thin films was followed by corrosion measurements over a long period of time. The corrosion results indicated a faster dissolution rate for the dCP-PCL composite compared to the dCP and CP powder layers.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu D, Wang H, Feng C, Bai T, Xu B, Wei Y, Shen L, Lin Q. Spin-Coating-Based Facile Annular Photodynamic Intraocular Lens Fabrication for Efficient and Safer Posterior Capsular Opacification Prevention. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:48341-48355. [PMID: 36255103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication after cataract surgery, which is primarily caused by the proliferation of the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) in the lens capsule. Previous studies have demonstrated that a drug-eluting intraocular lens (IOL), aimed to in situ eliminate LECs, are an effective and promising way to prevent PCO. However, because of the potential toxicities of the antiproliferative drugs to the adjacent tissues, the safety of such drug-eluting IOLs is still a highly important issue to be solved. In this investigation, a facile photodynamic coating-modified IOL was developed for effective and safer PCO prevention. An annular poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coating loaded with photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) was prepared by a spin-coating technique. The optical property investigations showed that the Ce6@PLGA coating was particularly suitable for the IOL surface modification. The in vitro cell culture investigation showed that Ce6@PLGA coating-modified IOLs effectively eliminated LECs when treated with light illumination, whereas it appeared to have good cytocompatibility without irradiation. The investigation of the cell elimination mechanism showed that the apoptosis of HLECs may be associated with the cytomembrane disruption induced by ROS, which is generated by the photodynamic coating during light illumination. The in vivo implantation experiments confirmed the desired PCO prevention effect, as well as the safety to and biocompatibility with the surrounding tissues. Thus, the facile Ce6@PLGA coating will provide an effective yet safe alternative of IOL surface modification for PCO prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Lu
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Chulei Feng
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Ting Bai
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Baoqi Xu
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Youfei Wei
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Quankui Lin
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Petrucci E, Porcelli F, Orsini M, De Santis S, Sotgiu G. Effect of Precursors on the Electrochemical Properties of Mixed RuOx/MnOx Electrodes Prepared by Thermal Decomposition. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7489. [PMID: 36363080 PMCID: PMC9655995 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing thin layers of mixed-metal oxides on titanium supports allows for the preparation of versatile electrodes that can be used in many applications. In this work, electrodes coated with thin films of ruthenium (RuOx) and manganese oxide (MnOx) were fabricated via thermal decomposition of a precursor solution deposited on a titanium substrate by spin coating. In particular, we combined different Ru and Mn precursors, either organic or inorganic, and investigated their influence on the morphology and electrochemical properties of the materials. The tested salts were: Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate (Ru(acac)3), Ruthenium(III) chloride (RuCl3·xH2O), Manganese(II) nitrate (Mn(NO3)2·4H2O), and Manganese(III) acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3). After fabrication, the films were subjected to different characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarization analysis, open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) experiments. The results indicate that compared to the others, the combination of RuCl3 and Mn(acac) produces fewer compact films, which are more susceptible to corrosion, but have outstanding capacitive properties. In particular, this sample exhibits a capacitance of 8.3 mF cm-2 and a coulombic efficiency of higher than 90% in the entire range of investigated current densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Petrucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Orsini
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena De Santis
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jabeen N, Zaidi A, Hussain A, Hassan NU, Ali J, Ahmed F, Khan MU, Iqbal N, Elnasr TAS, Helal MH. Single- and Multilayered Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3208. [PMID: 36144995 PMCID: PMC9501995 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites materials have emerged as an innovative candidate in the development of optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, due to their appealing electrical and optical properties. Herein, mix halide single-layer (~95 nm) and multilayer (average layer ~87 nm) CH3NH3PbIBr2 thinfilms were grown by a one-step spin coating method. In this study, both films maintained their perovskite structure along with the appearance of a pseudo-cubic phase of (200) at 30.16°. Single-layer and multilayer CH3NH3PbIBr2 thinfilms displayed leaky ferroelectric behavior, and multilayered thinfilm showed a leakage current of ~5.06 × 10-6 A and resistivity of ~1.60 × 106 Ω.cm for the applied electric field of 50 kV/cm. However, optical analysis revealed that the absorption peak of multilayered perovskite is sharper than a single layer in the visible region rather than infrared (IR) and near-infrared region (NIR). The band gap of the thinfilms was measured by Tauc plot, giving the values of 2.07 eV and 1.81 eV for single-layer and multilayer thinfilms, respectively. The structural analysis has also been performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Moreover, the fabricated CH3NH3PbIBr2 as an absorber layer for photoelectric cell demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 7.87% and fill factor of 72%. Reported electrical, optical and photoelectric efficiency-based results suggest that engineered samples are suitable candidates for utilization in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawishta Jabeen
- Department of Physics, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Anum Zaidi
- Department of Physics, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Hussain
- Department of Physics, Sargodha Campus, The University of Lahore, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Najam Ul Hassan
- Department of Physics, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Jazib Ali
- Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE), University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fahim Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Department of Physics, Sargodha Campus, The University of Lahore, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics, Department of Electronics Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Nimra Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Sargodha Campus, The University of Lahore, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Tarek A. Seaf Elnasr
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Helal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha P.O. Box 1321, Northern Borders Region, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morari V, Ursaki VV, Rusu EV, Zalamai VV, Colpo P, Tiginyanu IM. Spin-Coating and Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis Processed Zn 1-xMg xO Films for UV Detector Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3209. [PMID: 36144997 PMCID: PMC9505617 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of Zn1-xMgxO thin films with x ranging from 0 to 0.8 were prepared by spin coating and aerosol spray pyrolysis deposition on Si and quartz substrates. The morphology, composition, nano-crystalline structure, and optical and vibration properties of the prepared films were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and optical and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The optimum conditions of the thermal treatment of samples prepared by spin coating were determined from the point of view of film crystallinity. The content of crystalline phases in films and values of the optical band gap of these phases were determined as a function of the chemical composition. We developed heterostructure photodetectors based on the prepared films and demonstrated their operation in the injection photodiode mode at forward biases. A device design based on two Zn1-xMgxO thin films with different x values was proposed for extending the operational forward bias range and improving its responsivity, detectivity, and selectivity to UV radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Morari
- D. Ghitu Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Veaceslav V. Ursaki
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Emil V. Rusu
- D. Ghitu Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Victor V. Zalamai
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ion M. Tiginyanu
- National Center for Materials Study and Testing, Technical University of Moldova, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
- Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Elsayed IA, Afify AS. Controlling the Surface Morphology of ZnO Nano-Thin Film Using the Spin Coating Technique. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6178. [PMID: 36079559 PMCID: PMC9458145 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films are significant in various electronic applications. This study introduced an efficient, simple, low cost and timesaving method to obtain an extended and uniform ZnO thin film with tunable surface morphology over the substrate using the spin coating technique. Different concentrations of zinc acetate dehydrate were used as precursor solutions mixed with polyvinyl alcohol as a binding polymer to obtain the film's uniformity and to relieve thermal expansion that may cause a wrinkled surface. Synthesized films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry. Findings show that the average size of ZnO particles was less than 50 nm in a uniform film over the whole substrate area regardless of the presence or absence of wrinkles. Additionally, this method was quite fast, attaining the desired viscosity in less than one hour in comparison with the time-consuming aging method, which requires approximately 24 h to achieve the required viscosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Elsayed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Afify
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Higher Institute for Engineering, Automotive Technology and Energy, New Heliopolis 11829, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pak S. Controlled p-Type Doping of MoS 2 Monolayer by Copper Chloride. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:2893. [PMID: 36079931 PMCID: PMC9458048 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 show great promise as future building blocks in electronic circuits due to their outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Despite the high importance of doping of these 2D materials for designing field-effect transistors (FETs) and logic circuits, a simple and controllable doping methodology still needs to be developed in order to tailor their device properties. Here, we found a simple and effective chemical doping strategy for MoS2 monolayers using CuCl2 solution. The CuCl2 solution was simply spin-coated on MoS2 with different concentrations under ambient conditions for effectively p-doping the MoS2 monolayers. This was systematically analyzed using various spectroscopic measurements using Raman, photoluminescence, and X-ray photoelectron and electrical measurements by observing the change in transfer and output characteristics of MoS2 FETs before and after CuCl2 doping, showing effective p-type doping behaviors as observed through the shift of threshold voltages (Vth) and reducing the ON and OFF current level. Our results open the possibility of providing effective and simple doping strategies for 2D materials and other nanomaterials without causing any detrimental damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangyeon Pak
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chi HY, Chang NY, Li C, Chan V, Hsieh JH, Tsai YH, Lin T. Fabrication of Gelatin Nanofibers by Electrospinning-Mixture of Gelatin and Polyvinyl Alcohol. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 35808656 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin, one of the most abundant, naturally derived biomacromolecules from collagen, is widely applicable in food additives, cosmetic ingredients, drug formulation, and wound dressing based on their non-toxicity and biodegradability. In parallel, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a synthetic polymer, has been commonly applied as a thickening agent for coating processes in aqueous systems and a major component in healthcare products for cartilage replacements, eye lubrication, and contact lenses. In this study, a new type of mixed hydrogel nanofiber was fabricated from gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol by electrospinning under a feasible range of polymer compositions. To determine the optimal composition of gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol in nanofiber fabrication, several key physicochemical properties of mixed polymer solutions such as viscosity, surface tension, pH, and electrical conductance were thoroughly characterized by a viscometer, surface tensiometer, water analyzer, and carbon electron probe. Moreover, the molecular structures of polymeric chains within mixed hydrogel nanofibers were investigated with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphologies and surface elemental compositions of the mixed hydrogel nanofibers were examined by the scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The measurement of water contact angles was performed for measuring the hydrophilicity of nanofiber surfaces. Most importantly, the potential cytotoxicity of the electrospun nanofibers was evaluated by the in vitro culture of 3T3 fibroblasts. Through our extensive study, it was found that a PVA-rich solution (a volumetric ratio of gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol <1) would be superior for the efficient production of mixed hydrogel nanofibers by electrospinning techniques. This result is due to the appropriate balance between the higher viscosity (~420−~4300 10−2 poise) and slightly lower surface tension (~35.12−~32.68 mN/m2) of the mixed polymer solution. The regression on the viscosity data also found a good fit by the Lederer−Rougier’s model for a binary mixture. For the hydrophilicity of nanofibers, the numerical analysis estimates that the value of interfacial energy for the water contact on nanofibers is around ~−0.028 to ~−0.059 J/m2.
Collapse
|
27
|
Cha YL, Jo JH, Kim DJ, Kim SH. Electrically Tunable Solution-Processed Transparent Conductive Thin Films Based on Colloidally Dispersed ITO@Ag Composite Ink. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35745397 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) introduced colloidal Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) ink for transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) was prepared to overcome the limitation of colloidally prepared thin film; low density thin film, high resistance. ITO@Ag colloid ink was made by controlling the weight ratio of ITO and Ag nanoparticles through ball-milling and fabricated using spin coating. These films were dried at 220 °C and heat-treated at 450−750 °C in an air atmosphere to pyrolyze the organic ligand attached to the nanoparticles. All thin films showed high crystallinity. As the thermal treatment temperature increased, films showed a cracked surface, but as the weight percentage of silver increased, a flattened and smooth surface appeared, caused by the metallic silver filling the gap between the nano-particles. This worked as a bridge to allow electrical conduction, which decreases the resistivity over an order of magnitude, from 309 to 0.396, and 0.107 Ω·cm for the ITO-220 °C, ITO-750 °C, and ITO@Ag (7.5 wt.%)-750 °C, respectively. These films also exhibited >90% optical transparency. Lowered resistivity is caused due to the inclusion of silver, providing a sufficient number of charge carriers. Furthermore, the work function difference between ITO and silver builds an ohmic junction, allowing fluent electrical flow without any barrier.
Collapse
|
28
|
Barrit D, Tang MC, Munir R, Li R, Zhao K, Smilgies DM. Processing of Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films Studied with In-Situ Real-Time X-ray Scattering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:26315-26326. [PMID: 35639827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have been of paramount interest for solution-processable solar cells, reaching power conversion efficiencies larger than 25%. In this spotlight, we will provide a systematic overview of the influence of different solution-based processing routes of lead halide perovskites on their phase transformation and conversion as revealed through in-situ X-ray-scattering experiments. These experiments were performed in conditions closely mimicking thin film processing methods and conditions used for thin film solar cell device fabrication and therefore provide critical information about the mechanism of the phase transformation, its onset, the kinetics, as well as the emergence and disappearance of various (meso)phases along the way. The measurements capture the overall solidification and conversion process of lead halide perovskite inks into solid films via so-called one-step and two-step spin-coating processes as well as blade coating and hot casting. Processing routes are applied to films based on basic components as well as mixtures of different anions and cations, solvents, and antisolvents, all of which deeply affect the thin film microstructure and morphology of the light-absorbing semiconductor and associated solar cell devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dounya Barrit
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Perovskite and Novel Photovoltaic Technologies Group, Green Energy Park (IRESEN/UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Ming-Chun Tang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahim Munir
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Center for Advanced Microelectronics Manufacturing and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- R. F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ţălu Ş, Boudour S, Bouchama I, Astinchap B, Ghanbaripour H, Akhtar MS, Zahra S. Multifractal analysis of Mg-doped ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel spin coating method. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:1213-1223. [PMID: 34783424 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A multifractal analysis has been performed on the 3D (three-dimensional) surface microtexture of magnesium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Mg) thin films with doping concentration of 0, 2, 4, and 5%. Thin films were deposited onto the glass substrates via the sol-gel spin coating method. The effect of magnesium doping, on the crystal structure, morphology, and band gap for ZnO:Mg thin films has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It has been observed that the surface of ZnO thin films is multifractal in nature. However, multifractality and complexity observed to decrease with increasing content of Mg in ZnO thin films due to formation of islands on the surface in accordance with Volmer-Weber growth mechanism. The investigations revealed that crystallinity, microtexture, morphology, and optical properties of the thin films can be tuned by controlling the Mg content within the ZnO lattice. In particular, their optical band gap energies were 3.27, 3.31, 3.34, and 3.33 eV at 0, 2, 4, and 5%, respectively. The prepared thin films of ZnO:Mg with tuned characteristics would have promising applications in optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ştefan Ţălu
- The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Samah Boudour
- Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Idris Bouchama
- Department of Electronic, Faculty of Technology, University of Msila, Msila, Algeria
- Research Unit on Emerging Materials (RUEM), University Ferhat Abbas, Setif, Algeria
| | - Bandar Astinchap
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
- Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Hamta Ghanbaripour
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- Department of Physics, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Zahra
- Department of Physics, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang J, Wang M, Li X, Dong Z, Zhou X, Luan J, Guo Y, Xue Y. Structural and electrochemical corrosion studies of spin coated ZrO 2 thin films over stainless steel alloy for bone defect applications. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000211066784. [PMID: 35168423 DOI: 10.1177/22808000211066784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sol-Gel-based reaction mixture sols have been long used to fabricate dense and uniform bioactive coatings with superior mechanical stability over metallic implants. On account of precise control over synthesis, fabrication, formed and low temperature of processing, this technology is one of the most feasible routes to produce bio-ceramic coatings. The study aims to develop a physical barrier over metal implants in form of bioinert Zirconia coatings, phase-stabilized using Dysprosium. The metallic substrates were cut into 10 mm × 10 mm samples and diamond polished after being polished with a 1000 grade emery sheet. Novel spin-coated zirconia films were fabricated over 316L Stainless steel substrates and were sintered at 600°C to obtain firm and uniform crack-free coatings. The thickness of the coatings was determined by ELCA-D meter thermal analysis was performed using TGA-DTA. Phase determination was performed using X-Ray diffraction followed by morphological investigations using Scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion resistance was evaluated with Polarization studies and electrokinetic data was derived using Tafel extrapolation. Biocompatibility evaluation was performed against MG-63 cell lines and RBCs along with bone-forming ability in vitro in SBF. Stable crack-free 3 Layer coatings fabricated at 2000 rpm for 3 s with a thickness of around 1 μm were found to be optimal for corrosion resistance behavior of steel implants at a low ICorr value of 0.501 µA/cm2 and adhesion strength of 40.93 MPa when untreated falling down to 39.92 MPa when immersed in SBF. The study concludes that medium rpm coatings sustain enough sol to produce crack-free coatings that form a strong physical barrier between body fluid and implant surface thereby reducing the attack of corrosive ions and protecting the implant surface without participating in any form of bioactivity but supporting native bone regeneration capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liaocheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - ZhiYong Dong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - XiaoDong Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - JunWei Luan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Heze Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - YuanLiang Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ho WJ, Liu JJ, Ke BX. Characterization of Luminescent Down-Shifting Spectral Conversion Effects on Silicon Solar Cells with Various Combinations of Eu-Doped Phosphors. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:452. [PMID: 35057169 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent down-shifting (LDS) spectral conversion is a feasible approach to enhancing the short-wavelength response of single junction solar cells. This paper presents the optical and electrical characteristics of LDS spectral conversion layers containing a single species or two species of Eu-doped phosphors applied to the front surface of silicon solar cells via spin-on coating. The chemical composition, surface morphology, and fluorescence emission of the LDS layers were respectively characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, optical imaging, and photoluminescence measurements. We also examined the LDS effects of various phosphors on silicon solar cells in terms of optical reflectance and external quantum efficiency. Finally, we examined the LDS effects of the phosphors on photovoltaic performance by measuring photovoltaic current density–voltage characteristics using an air-mass 1.5 global solar simulator. Compared to the control cell, the application of a single phosphor enhanced efficiency by 17.39% (from 11.14% to 13.07%), whereas the application of two different phosphors enhanced efficiency by 31.63% (from 11.14% to 14.66%).
Collapse
|
32
|
Tselekidou D, Papadopoulos K, Kyriazopoulos V, Andrikopoulos KC, Andreopoulou AK, Kallitsis JK, Laskarakis A, Logothetidis S, Gioti M. Photophysical and Electro-Optical Properties of Copolymers Bearing Blue and Red Chromophores for Single-Layer White OLEDs. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11102629. [PMID: 34685063 PMCID: PMC8539096 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel copolymers consisting of blue and red chromophores are presented to induce emission tuning, enabling the definition of white light emission in a single polymeric layer. These aromatic polyether sulfones exhibit high molecular weights, excellent solubility and processability via solution deposition techniques. In addition, by carefully controlling the molar ratios of chromophores composition, the energy transfer mechanism, from blue to red chromophores, takes place enabling us to define properly the emission covering the entire range of the visible spectrum. The optical and photophysical properties of the monomers and copolymers were thoroughly investigated via NIR-Vis-far UV Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE), Absorbance and Photoluminescence (PL). These copolymers are used as an emissive layer and applied in solution-processed WOLED devices. The fabricated WOLED devices have been subsequently studied and characterized in terms of their electroluminescence properties. Finally, the WOLED devices possess high color stability and demonstrate CIE Coordinates (0.33, 0.38), which approach closely the pure white light CIE coordinates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Tselekidou
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.T.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Kyparisis Papadopoulos
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.T.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Vasileios Kyriazopoulos
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.T.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
- Organic Electronic Technologies P.C. (OET), Antoni Tritsi 21B, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos C. Andrikopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (K.C.A.); (A.K.A.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Aikaterini K. Andreopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (K.C.A.); (A.K.A.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (K.C.A.); (A.K.A.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Argiris Laskarakis
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.T.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Stergios Logothetidis
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.T.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Gioti
- Nanotechnology Lab LTFN, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.T.); (K.P.); (V.K.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sokolov S, Balynin A, Bakhtin D, Borisov I. Influence of Spin Coating Parameters on Gas Transport Properties of Thin-Film Composite Membranes. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14175093. [PMID: 34501181 PMCID: PMC8434493 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of casting centrifugation process parameters, such as a rotation speed (ω), the amount of the film-forming solution (V), and its concentration (C) on transport properties of composite membranes were investigated. A number of composite membranes based on poly (1-trimethylsilylpropyne) (PTMSP) and micro- (MFFK-1) and ultrafiltration (UFFK) membranes were obtained using the spin-coating method. For the first time, an unexpected dependence of permeance and ideal selectivity on rotation speed had been discovered: the thickness of the selective layer decreases from 3.0 to 1.0 μm for MFFK-1 and from 1.7 to 1.1 μm for UFFK with an increase of spin coater rotation speed from 500 to 3000 rpm. However, the gas permeance of composite membranes in the range of 500–2000 rpm was reduced due to an increase of a penetration depth of PTMSP into a support layer porous structure (estimated by the EDX method). The permeance of the PTMSP/UFFK membranes was higher than PTMSP/MFFK-1 membranes due to a thinner selective layer and a lower penetration depth of polymer solution into the pores of the support. The highest CO2/N2 selectivity values were achieved as 5.65 ± 0.9 at CO2 permeance 5600 ± 1000 GPU for PTMSP/UFFK membranes (CPTMSP = 0.35%, Vsolution = 1 mL, ω = 1000 rpm), and 6.1 ± 0.5 at CO2 permeance 4090 ± 500 GPU for PTMSP/MFFK-1 membranes (CPTMSP = 0.35%, Vsolution = 1 mL, ω = 2000 rpm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilya Borisov
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-647-59-27 (ext. 2-93)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tian Y, Wang T, Zhu Q, Zhang X, Ethiraj AS, Geng WM, Geng HZ. High-Performance Transparent PEDOT: PSS/CNT Films for OLEDs. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2067. [PMID: 34443898 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Improved OLED systems have great potential for next-generation display applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the conductive polymers poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) have attracted great interest for advanced applications, such as optoelectronic products. In this paper, the simultaneous enhancement of the conductivity, roughness, and adhesion properties of transparent conductive films with PEDOT: PSS/CNTs is reported. These films prepared by a simple spin-coating process were successfully used to produce high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with an improved lifetime. Addition of PEDOT: PSS lowered the film sheet resistance and CNTs helped to enhance the stability and maintain the lifetime of the OLEDs. In addition, treatment with methanol and nitric acid changed the morphology of the polymer film, which led to greatly reduced sheet resistance, enhanced substrate adhesion, and reduced film roughness. The best performance of the film (PEDOT: PSS: CNT = 110: 1, W/W) was 100.34 Ω/sq.@ 90.1 T%. High transmittance, low sheet resistance, excellent adhesion, and low roughness (3.11 nm) were achieved synchronously. The fabricated OLED demonstrated a low minimum operating voltage (3 V) and could endure high voltage (20 V), at which its luminance reached 2973 cd/m2. Thus, the incorporation of CNTs within PEDOT: PSS electrodes has great potential for the improvement of the performance of OLED devices.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
As molecular computing materials, information-encoded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strands provide a logical computing process by cascaded and parallel chain reactions. However, the reactions in DNA-based combinational logic computing are mostly achieved through a manual process by adding desired DNA molecules in a single microtube or a substrate. For DNA-based Boolean logic, using microfluidic chips can afford automated operation, programmable control, and seamless combinational logic operation, similar to electronic microprocessors. In this paper, we present a programmable DNA-based microfluidic processing unit (MPU) chip that can be controlled via a personal computer for performing DNA calculations. To fabricate this DNA-based MPU, polydimethylsiloxane was cast using double-sided molding techniques for alignment between the microfluidics and valve switch. For a uniform surface, molds fabricated using a three-dimensional printer were spin-coated by a polymer. For programming control, the valve switch arms were operated by servo motors. In the MPU controlled via a personal computer or smartphone application, the molecules with two input DNAs and a logic template DNA were reacted for the basic AND and OR operations. Furthermore, the DNA molecules reacted in a cascading manner for combinational AND and OR operations. Finally, we demonstrated a 2-to-1 multiplexer and the XOR operation with a three-step cascade reaction using the simple DNA-based MPU, which can perform Boolean logic operations (AND, OR, and NOT). Through logic combination, this DNA-based Boolean logic MPU, which can be operated using programming language, is expected to facilitate the development of complex functional circuits such as arithmetic logical units and neuromorphic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Lee
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-to 119, Incheon, Korea, 22012
| | - Minsang Yu
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-to 119, Incheon, Korea, 22012
| | - Doyeon Lim
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-to 119, Incheon, Korea, 22012
| | - Taeseok Kang
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-to 119, Incheon, Korea, 22012
| | - Youngjun Song
- Department of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Academy-to 119, Incheon, Korea, 22012
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Card M, Gravely M, M Madani SZ, Roxbury D. A Spin-Coated Hydrogel Platform Enables Accurate Investigation of Immobilized Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:31986-31995. [PMID: 34197074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been used in a variety of sensing and imaging applications over the past few years due to their unique optical properties. In the solution phase, SWCNTs are employed as near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-based sensors of target analytes via modulations in emission intensity and/or wavelength. In an effort to lower the limit of detection, research has been conducted into isolating SWCNTs adhered to surfaces for potential single molecule analyte detection. However, it is known that SWCNT fluorescence is adversely affected by the inherently rough surfaces that are conventionally used for their observation (e.g., glass coverslip), potentially interfering with fluorescence-based analyte detection. Here, using a spin-coating method with thin films of alginate and SWCNTs, we demonstrate that a novel hydrogel platform can be created to investigate immobilized individual SWCNTs without significantly perturbing their optical properties as compared to solution-phase values. In contrast to the glass coverslip, which red-shifted DNA-functionalized (6,5)-SWCNTs by an average of 3.4 nm, the hydrogel platform reported emission wavelengths that statistically matched the solution-phase values. Additionally, the heterogeneity in the wavelength measurements, as determined from the width of created histograms, was reduced nearly by a factor of 3 for the SWCNTs in the hydrogel platform when compared to glass coverslips. Using long SWCNTs, i.e., those with an average length above the diffraction limit of our microscope, we show that a glass coverslip can induce optical heterogeneity along the length of a single SWCNT regardless of its surface functionalization. This is again significantly mitigated when examining the long SWCNTs in the hydrogel platform. Finally, we show that upon the addition of a model analyte (calcium chloride), the optical response can be spatially resolved along the length of a single SWCNT, enabling localized analyte detection on the surface of a single nanoscale sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Card
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mitchell Gravely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - S Zahra M Madani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Martínez L, García-Salgado G, Morales-Morales F, Campillo B, Hernández AG, Karthik TVK, Jiménez-Vivanco MR, Campos-Álvarez J. ZnO Films Incorporation Study on Macroporous Silicon Structure. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3697. [PMID: 34279267 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we developed hybrid nanostructures based on ZnO films deposited on macroporous silicon substrates using the sol–gel spin coating and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) techniques. The changes in the growth of ZnO films on macroporous silicon were studied using a UV-visible spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XRD analysis revealed the beneficial influence of macroporous silicon on the structural properties of ZnO films. SEM micrographs showed the growth and coverage of ZnO granular and flake-like crystals inside the pores of the substrate. The root mean square roughness (RMS) measured by AFM in the ZnO grown on the macroporous silicon substrate was up to one order of magnitude higher than reference samples. These results prove that the methods used in this work are effective to cover porous and obtain nano-morphologies of ZnO. These morphologies could be useful for making highly sensitive gas sensors.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Curcumin is known as a biologically active compound and a possible antimicrobial agent. Here, we combine it with TiO2 and ZnO semiconductors, known for their photocatalytic properties, with an eye towards synergistic photo-harvesting and/or antimicrobial effects. We deposit different nanoscale multi-layer structures of curcumin, TiO2 and ZnO, by combining the solution-based spin-coating (S-C) technique and the gas-phase atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) thin-film techniques. As one of the highlights, we demonstrate for these multi-layer structures a red-shift in the absorbance maximum and an expansion of the absorbance edge as far as the longest visible wavelength region, which activates them for the visible light harvesting. The novel fabrication approaches introduced here should be compatible with, e.g., textile substrates, opening up new horizons for novel applications such as new types of protective masks with thin conformal antimicrobial coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.P.); (R.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Addai Asante N, Wang Y, Bakhet S, Kareem S, Owusu KA, Hu Y, Appiah M. Ambient temperature sulfonated carbon fiber reinforced PEEK with hydroxyapatite and reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite composite coating. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:2174-2183. [PMID: 34002921 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
30% carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) has in recent times, become significant in the orthopedic industry because its elastic modulus can be engineered to match that of the human bone. But it is bioinert and does not integrate well with the immediate bone tissue environment. In this study, a combined surface modification technique involving ambient temperature sulfonation and surface coating of (hydroxyapatite (HA), 5%reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite(5%RGO/HA) and 10%reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite(10%RGO/HA) composites) on 30%CFR-PEEK was achieved with an appropriate temperature treatment at 345°C in nitrogen. The coatings adhered unto the surface of S30%CFR-PEEK with an improved hydrophilicity and bioactivity. With the sample S30%CFR-PEEK+HA, having the highest enhanced hydrophilicity from 112.5 ± 2.5° to 20 ± 2° and bioactivity. An improvement in hydrophilicity and bioactivity depicts a change in surface chemistry which will have a positive impact in the interaction of the materials surface with immediate bone environment for a successful application in the orthopedic industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Addai Asante
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youfa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shahd Bakhet
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shefiu Kareem
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kwadwo Asare Owusu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuandi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Millicent Appiah
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Richter J, Nnaji M, Park H. Solvent Effect to the Uniformity of Surfactant-Free Salmon-DNA Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1606. [PMID: 34065722 PMCID: PMC8156698 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of surfactant-modified DNA thin films with high uniformity, specifically DNA-CTMA, has been well considered via drop-casting and spin-coating techniques. However, the fabrication of thin films with pure DNA has not been sufficiently studied. We characterize the uniformity of thin films from aqueous salmon DNA solutions mixed with ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, and acetone. Measurements of thickness and macroscopic uniformity are made via a focused-beam ellipsometer. We discuss important parameters for optimum uniformity and note what the effects of solvent modifications are. We find that methanol- and ethanol-added solutions provide optimal fabrication methods, which more consistently produce high degrees of uniformity with film thickness ranging from 20 to 200 nm adjusted by DNA concentration and the physical parameters of spin-coating methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heungman Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX 75428, USA; (J.R.); (M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li M, Yang R, Wei X, Yin H, Wang S, Jin K. Display of Spin-Orbit Coupling at ReAlO 3/SrTiO 3 (Re = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Gd) Heterointerfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:21964-21970. [PMID: 33913680 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Complex oxide heterointerfaces provide a platform to manipulate spin-orbit coupling under the broken inversion symmetry. Moreover, their weak antilocalization (WAL) effect displays quantum coherent behavior due to the strong spin-orbit coupling. Herein, we break through the limitation of lattice mismatch at ReAlO3/STO (Re = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Gd) heterointerfaces and obtain their two-dimensional electric gas (2DEG) by spin coating. The effect of different Re elements in the resulting quantum corrections on the conductivity is investigated. It is observed that the conductivity of heterointerfaces is reduced with larger atomic numbers due to the ionization potential of Re elements. Moreover, magnetoresistance (MR) measurements in a perpendicular or a parallel field distinctly uncover strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in ReAO/STO samples besides SAO/STO (Re = Sm) and GAO/STO (Re = Gd), and the effective fields of the SOC (Hso) gradually increase from LAO/STO (Re = La, Hso = 0.82 T) to NAO/STO (Re = Nd, Hso = 1.37 T) at 2 K. The competition between SOC scattering and inelastic scattering is revealed through a temperature-dependence study of MR, and the WAL-weak localization transition is at about 6 K. Furthermore, unambiguous results of the Kondo effect, nonlinear Hall, hysteresis loop, and Rashba SOC suggest the coexistence of WAL at the PAO/STO (Re = Pr) heterointerface with exchange coupling between the localized magnetic moment and the itinerant electron. These results pave a unique route for the exploration of spin-polarized 2DEGs at oxide heterointerfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structures and Properties and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ruishu Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structures and Properties and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiangyang Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structures and Properties and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structures and Properties and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shuanhu Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structures and Properties and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Kexin Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structures and Properties and MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Saber S, Marí B, Andrio A, Escorihuela J, Khattab N, Eid A, Nahrawy AE, Abo Aly M, Compañ V. Structural and Electrochemical Analysis of CIGS: Cr Crystalline Nanopowders and Thin Films Deposited onto ITO Substrates. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1093. [PMID: 33922537 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for the synthesis of nanopowders and thin films of CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) chalcopyrite material doped with different amounts of Cr is presented. The chalcopyrite material CuInxGa1 − xSe2 was doped using Cr to form a new doped chalcopyrite with the structure CuInxCryGa1 − x − ySe2, where x = 0.4 and y = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3. The electrical properties of CuInx CryGa1 − x − ySe2 are highly dependent on the Cr content and results show these materials as promising dopants for the fabrication thin film solar cells. The CIGS nano-precursor powder was initially synthesized via an autoclave method, and then converted into thin films over transparent substrates. Both crystalline precursor powders and thin films deposited onto ITO substrates following a spin-coating process were subsequently characterized using XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, UV–visible and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS measurement was performed to evaluate the dc-conductivity of these novel materials as conductive films to be applied in solar cells.
Collapse
|
43
|
Nanaki SG, Christodoulou E, Bikiaris ND, Kapourani A, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Vergkizi-Nikolakaki S, Barmpalexis P. Leflunomide Sustained Skin Delivery Based on Sulfobetaine-Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles Embedded in Biodegradable Polyesters Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:960. [PMID: 33800966 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prepare a leflunomide (LFD) sustained release transdermal delivery system for the treatment of psoriasis. In this context, LFD-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) based on either neat chitosan (CS) or CS modified with [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SDAEM, a sulfobetaine zwitterionic compound) were initially prepared via ionotropic gelation and characterized in terms of in vitro dissolution, physicochemical, and antibacterial properties. Results showed that the use of the SDAEM-modified CS resulted in the formation of LFD-loaded NPs with improved wetting and solubilization properties, better in vitro dissolution profile characteristics (i.e., higher dissolution rate and extent), and improved (enhanced) antibacterial properties. The resultant LFD-loaded NPs were then embedded in suitable thin-film skin patches, prepared via spin-coating, utilizing two different biodegradable polyesters, namely methoxy polyethylene glycol-b-poly(L-lactide) (mPEG-b-PLA, at a ratio of 25/75 mPEG to PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA at a ratio of 75/25 DL-lactide/glycolide copolymer). Results showed the formation of polymeric thin-films with no agglomeration (or trapped air) and uniform structure in all cases, while the LFD-loaded NPs were successfully embedded in the polymeric matrix. Analysis of the obtained in vitro dissolution profiles revealed a sustained release profile of the drug for up to approximately twelve days, while between the two proposed systems, the use of CS-SDAEM NPs (independently of the polyester type) was the most promising formulation approach.
Collapse
|
44
|
Cranston RR, Vebber MC, Berbigier JF, Rice NA, Tonnelé C, Comeau ZJ, Boileau NT, Brusso JL, Shuhendler AJ, Castet F, Muccioli L, Kelly TL, Lessard BH. Thin-Film Engineering of Solution-Processable n-Type Silicon Phthalocyanines for Organic Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1008-1020. [PMID: 33370100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal and metalloid phthalocyanines are an abundant and established class of materials widely used in the dye and pigment industry as well as in commercial photoreceptors. Silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) are among the highest-performing n-type semiconductor materials in this family when used in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) as their performance and solid-state arrangement are often increased through axial substitution. Herein, we study eight axially substituted SiPcs and their integration into solution-processed n-type OTFTs. Electrical characterization of the OTFTs, combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM), determined that the length of the alkyl chain affects device performance and thin-film morphology. The effects of high-temperature annealing and spin coating time on film formation, two key processing steps for fabrication of OTFTs, were investigated by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to elucidate the relationship between thin-film microstructure and device performance. Thermal annealing was shown to change both film crystallinity and SiPc molecular orientation relative to the substrate surface. Spin time affected film crystallinity, morphology, and interplanar d-spacing, thus ultimately modifying device performance. Of the eight materials studied, bis(tri-n-butylsilyl oxide) SiPc exhibited the greatest electron field-effect mobility (0.028 cm2 V-1 s-1, a threshold voltage of 17.6 V) of all reported solution-processed SiPc derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary R Cranston
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Mário C Vebber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Jônatas Faleiro Berbigier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Nicole A Rice
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Claire Tonnelé
- Donostia International Physics Center, 4 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Zachary J Comeau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Nicholas T Boileau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Jaclyn L Brusso
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, 4 Viale Risorgimento, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Timothy L Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave. Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shen SJ, Lee D, Wu YC, Liu SJ. Binary Self-Assembly of Nanocolloidal Arrays using Concurrent and Sequential Spin Coating Techniques. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:E274. [PMID: 33430481 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the binary colloid assembly of nanospheres using spin coating techniques. Polystyrene spheres with sizes of 900 and 100 nm were assembled on top of silicon substrates utilizing a spin coater. Two different spin coating processes, namely concurrent and sequential coatings, were employed. For the concurrent spin coating, 900 and 100 nm colloidal nanospheres of latex were first mixed and then simultaneously spin coated onto the silicon substrate. On the other hand, the sequential coating process first created a monolayer of a 900 nm nanosphere array on the silicon substrate, followed by the spin coating of another layer of a 100 nm colloidal array on top of the 900 nm array. The influence of the processing parameters, including the type of surfactant, spin speed, and spin time, on the self-assembly of the binary colloidal array were explored. The empirical outcomes show that by employing the optimal processing conditions, binary colloidal arrays can be achieved by both the concurrent and sequential spin coating processes.
Collapse
|
46
|
Khanuja HK, Awasthi R, Mehta M, Satija S, Aljabali AAA, Tambuwala MM, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Dureja H. Nanosuspensions - An Update on Recent Patents, Methods of Preparation, and Evaluation Parameters. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2021; 15:351-366. [PMID: 33357187 DOI: 10.2174/1872210514666201224103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanosuspensions are colloidal systems consisting of pure drug and stabilizers, without matrix or lyophilized into a solid matrix. Nanosuspensions improve the solubility of the drug both in the aqueous and organic phases. Nanosuspensions are also known as brick dust molecules, as they increase the dissolution of a system and improve absorption. METHODS Extensive information related to nanosuspensions and its associated patents were collected using Pub Med and Google Scholar. RESULTS Over the last decade nanosuspensions have attracted tremendous interest in pharmaceutical research. It provides unique features including, improved solubility, high drug loading capacity, and passive targeting. These particles are cost-effective, simple, and have lesser side effects with minimal dose requirements. However, the stability of nanosuspensions still warrants attention. CONCLUSION Nanosuspensions play a vital role in handling the numerous drug entities with difficult physico-chemical characteristics such as solubility and can further aid with a range of routes that include nasal, transdermal, ocular, parenteral, pulmonary etc. This review highlights the relevance of nanosuspensions in achieving safe, effective and targeted drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet K Khanuja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, Punjab, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nakayama M, Toyoshima Y, Kikuchi A, Okano T. Micropatterned Smart Culture Surfaces via Multi-Step Physical Coating of Functional Block Copolymers for Harvesting Cell Sheets with Controlled Sizes and Shapes. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000330. [PMID: 33369185 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cell micropatterning on micropatterned thermoresponsive polymer-based culture surfaces facilitates the creation of on-demand and functional cell sheets. However, the fabrication of micropatterned surfaces generally includes complicated procedures with multi-step chemical reactions. To overcome this issue, this study proposes a facile preparation of micropatterned thermoresponsive surfaces via a two-step physical coating of two different diblock copolymers. Both copolymers contain poly(butyl methacrylate) blocks as hydrophobic anchors for water-stable polymer deposition. At first, thermoresponsive polymer layers are constructed on cell culture dishes via spin-coating block copolymers containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) blocks that exhibit a transition temperature of ≈30 °C in aqueous media. To create polymer micropatterns on the thermoresponsive surfaces, microcontact printing of block copolymers containing hydrophilic poly(N-acryloylmorpholine) (PNAM) blocks is performed using polydimethylsiloxane stamps. Stamped PNAM-based block polymers are adsorbed to the outermost thermoresponsive surfaces, and increase the surface hydrophilicity with decreasing protein adsorption. Cells adhere and proliferate on the thermoresponsive domains at 37 °C, whereas the stamped hydrophilic domains remain cell-repellent for 7 days. At 20 °C, cell sheets with controlled sizes and shapes are harvested from the surfaces with the desired micropatterns. This technique is useful for the preparation of micropatterned polymer surfaces for various biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nakayama
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuki Toyoshima
- Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kikuchi
- Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
López-Rubio A, Blanco-Padilla A, Oksman K, Mendoza S. Strategies to Improve the Properties of Amaranth Protein Isolate-Based Thin Films for Food Packaging Applications: Nano-Layering through Spin-Coating and Incorporation of Cellulose Nanocrystals. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2564. [PMID: 33371185 PMCID: PMC7766300 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two different strategies for the development of amaranth protein isolate (API)-based films were evaluated. In the first strategy, ultrathin films were produced through spin-coating nanolayering, and the effects of protein concentration in the spin coating solution, rotational speed, and number of layers deposited on the properties of the films were evaluated. In the second strategy, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were incorporated through a casting methodology. The morphology, optical properties, and moisture affinity of the films (water contact angle, solubility, water content) were characterized. Both strategies resulted in homogeneous films with good optical properties, decreased hydrophilic character (as deduced from the contact angle measurements and solubility), and improved mechanical properties when compared with the neat API-films. However, both the processing method and film thickness influenced the final properties of the films, being the ones processed through spin coating more transparent, less hydrophilic, and less water-soluble. Incorporation of CNCs above 10% increased hydrophobicity, decreasing the water solubility of the API films and significantly enhancing material toughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amparo López-Rubio
- Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, IATA-CSIC, Avda. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Adriana Blanco-Padilla
- Departmento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (A.B.-P.); (S.M.)
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden;
| | - Sandra Mendoza
- Departmento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico; (A.B.-P.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Venkatachalaiah C, Venkataraman U, Sellappan R. PANI/TiO 2 nanocomposite-based chemiresistive gas sensor for the detection of E. Coli bacteria. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:761-765. [PMID: 33399106 PMCID: PMC8676644 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2020.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the modern pace of the world, food safety is a major concern. In this work, a simple chemiresistive type gas sensor was fabricated to detect Escherichia Coli (E. coli) bacteria. Polyaniline (PANI) films were deposited on the indium tin oxide substrate by an electrochemical deposition method. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesised by facile hydrothermal method. PANI films were modified using hydrothermally prepared TiO2 nanoparticles by a spin coating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer techniques were used to characterise the PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites. The peaks obtained in the XRD pattern confirmed the anatase phase of TiO2 nanoparticles. FESEM analysis showed the nanofibrous structure of the nanocomposite. The FTIR characteristic peaks confirmed the formation of the nanocomposite. The electrical resistance of the sensors was evaluated as a function of the bacterial concentration. The PT2 (TiO2 coated 5 times on PANI) in comparison with PT1 (TiO2 coated 3 times on PANI) exhibited good sensitivity to the gas molecules at room temperature. The p-n junction at PANI/TiO2 interface improved the physical adsorption of gas molecules. Since no specific antibodies or receptors are used, the sensor has the potential for adaptation to real-life applications. Thus low cost, real-time, portable, reusable and sensitive bacteria sensors were fabricated and tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Venkatachalaiah
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Uma Venkataraman
- Department of Electronics, Mount Carmel College, Bengaluru 560052, India
| | - Raja Sellappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim KY, Park G, Cho J, Kim J, Kim JS, Jung J, Park K, You CY, Oh IH. Intrinsic Magnetic Order of Chemically Exfoliated 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Ultrathin Films. Small 2020; 16:e2005445. [PMID: 33241618 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thin film fabrication of 2D layered organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (2D-OIHPs) for spintronic applications has been attempted using solution-based process like Langmuir-Blodgett technique. However, monolayer or few-layered 2D magnets are not yet realized, even though a wide spectrum of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) OIHPs are known as quasi-2D Heisenberg magnets in bulk compounds. Here, chemical exfoliation by solvent engineering is applied to successfully synthesize large-sized, few unit-cell-thick 2D RP-OIHPs. Comprehensive structural characterization reveals that binary co-solvents with high relative polarity in spin coating technique are the most effective among nine kinds of solvents. Above all, this enables few-layered 2D RP-OIHP ultrathin films sustaining their intrinsic magnetic order. It is found that XY-like magnetic anisotropy driven by Jahn-Teller effect responsible for ferromagnetism in seven-layered (C6 H5 CH2 CH2 NH3 )2 CuCl4 ultrathin films remains very robust, whereas Ising-like dipolar anisotropy responsible for canted antiferromagnetism in ten-layered (C6 H5 CH2 CH2 NH3 )2 MnCl4 ultrathin films is greatly reduced. It is expected that ferromagnetism even at monolayer limit should be possible by means of further sophisticated solvent engineering as long as Jahn-Teller effect is active. The chemical exfoliation using solvent engineering unambiguously can bring about a new breakthrough in the development of 2D RP-OIHP van der Waals magnets for ultrahigh energy-efficient spintronic, opto-spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Yeon Kim
- Quantum Beam Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Park
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Cho
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoo Kim
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Seo Kim
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyong Jung
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonjin Park
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Yeol You
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- Quantum Beam Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|