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Zhou Y, Jones AM. Rearrangement of Arylsulfamates and Sulfates to Para-Sulfonyl Anilines and Phenols. Molecules 2024; 29:1445. [PMID: 38611725 PMCID: PMC11013102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The C(sp2)-aryl sulfonate functional group is found in bioactive molecules, but their synthesis can involve extreme temperatures (>190 °C or flash vacuum pyrolysis) and strongly acidic reaction conditions. Inspired by the 1917 Tyrer industrial process for a sulfa dye that involved an aniline N(sp2)-SO3 intermediate en route to a C(sp2)-SO3 rearranged product, we investigated tributylsulfoammonium betaine (TBSAB) as a milder N-sulfamation to C-sulfonate relay reagent. Initial investigations of a stepwise route involving TBSAB on selected anilines at room temperature enabled the isolation of N(sp2)-sulfamate. Subsequent thermal rearrangement demonstrated the intermediary of a sulfamate en route to the sulfonate; however, it was low-yielding. Investigation of the N-sulfamate to C--sulfonate mechanism through control experiments with variation at the heteroatom positions and kinetic isotope experiments (KIEH/D) confirmed the formation of a key N(sp2)-SO3 intermediate and further confirmed an intermolecular mechanism. Furthermore, compounds without an accessible nitrogen (or oxygen) lone pair did not undergo sulfamation- (or sulfation) -to-sulfonation under these conditions. A one-pot sulfamation and thermal sulfonation reaction was ultimately developed and explored on a range of aniline and heterocyclic scaffolds with high conversions, including N(sp2)-sulfamates (O(sp2)-sulfates) and C(sp2)-sulfonates, in up to 99 and 80% (and 88% for a phenolic example) isolated yield, respectively. Encouragingly, the ability to modulate the ortho-para selectivity of the products obtained was observed under thermal control. A sulfonated analog of the intravenous anesthetic propofol was isolated (88% yield), demonstrating a proof-of-concept modification of a licensed drug alongside a range of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heterocyclic fragments used in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan M. Jones
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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2
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Xie M, Xiao GY, Song ZG, Lu YP. The Formation Process and Mechanism of the 3D Porous Network on the Sulfonated PEEK Surface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:13585-13596. [PMID: 38445618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) porous network can be prepared on the PEEK surface by sulfonation with enhanced osseointegration and antibacterial properties. However, few studies have been conducted on the formation mechanism of a 3D porous network. In this work, the surface and cross-sectional morphologies, chemical compositions, functional groups, surface wettability, and crystalline states of sulfonated PEEK were investigated at different sulfonation times and coagulant concentrations. The results show that the number of nodular structures and broken fibers on the sulfonated PEEK surface as well as the size of macrovoids in the cross sections increase with increasing sulfonation times when water is used as a coagulant. In contrast, dilute sulfuric acid as a coagulant can inhibit the formation of surface porous structures and macrovoids in the cross sections. Moreover, all of the sulfonated PEEK samples have the same chemical compositions but exhibit better hydrophilicity as the number of microsized pores decreases. It is proposed that non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) occurs during the sulfonation process, and the formation mechanism of surface and cross-sectional morphologies is discussed. Furthermore, it is assumed that the air is trapped in the microsized pores, leaving the surface of the 3D porous network in the Cassie-wetting state. All of these preliminary results throw light on the nature of the sulfonation process and may guide further modification of the structures of sulfonated PEEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Gui-Yong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Song
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yu-Peng Lu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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3
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Kurogi K, Sakakibara Y, Hashiguchi T, Kakuta Y, Kanekiyo M, Teramoto T, Fukushima T, Bamba T, Matsumoto J, Fukusaki E, Kataoka H, Suiko M. A new type of sulfation reaction: C- sulfonation for α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups by a novel sulfotransferase SULT7A1. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae097. [PMID: 38487162 PMCID: PMC10939482 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are cytosolic enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sulfonate group to key endogenous compounds, altering the physiological functions of their substrates. SULT enzymes catalyze the O-sulfonation of hydroxy groups or N-sulfonation of amino groups of substrate compounds. In this study, we report the discovery of C-sulfonation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups mediated by a new SULT enzyme, SULT7A1, and human SULT1C4. Enzymatic assays revealed that SULT7A1 is capable of transferring the sulfonate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the α-carbon of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-containing compounds, including cyclopentenone prostaglandins as representative endogenous substrates. Structural analyses of SULT7A1 suggest that the C-sulfonation reaction is catalyzed by a novel mechanism mediated by His and Cys residues in the active site. Ligand-activity assays demonstrated that sulfonated 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 exhibits antagonist activity against the prostaglandin receptor EP2 and the prostacyclin receptor IP. Modification of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups via the new prostaglandin-sulfonating enzyme, SULT7A1, may regulate the physiological function of prostaglandins in the gut. Discovery of C-sulfonation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups will broaden the spectrum of potential substrates and physiological functions of SULTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takuyu Hashiguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kakuta
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Miho Kanekiyo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takamasa Teramoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jin Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masahito Suiko
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Depuydt S, Van der Bruggen B. Green Synthesis of Cation Exchange Membranes: A Review. Membranes (Basel) 2024; 14:23. [PMID: 38248713 PMCID: PMC10819081 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) play a significant role in the transition to a more sustainable/green society. They are important components for applications such as water electrolysis, artificial photosynthesis, electrodialysis and fuel cells. Their synthesis, however, is far from being sustainable, affecting safety, health and the environment. This review discusses and evaluates the possibilities of synthesizing CEMs that are more sustainable and green. First, the concepts of green and sustainable chemistry are discussed. Subsequently, this review discusses the fabrication of conventional perfluorinated CEMs and how they violate the green/sustainability principles, eventually leading to environmental and health incidents. Furthermore, the synthesis of green CEMs is presented by dividing the synthesis into three parts: sulfonation, material selection and solvent selection. Innovations in using gaseous SO3 or gas-liquid interfacial plasma technology can make the sulfonation process more sustainable. Regarding the selection of polymers, chitosan, cellulose, polylactic acid, alginate, carrageenan and cellulose are promising alternatives to fossil fuel-based polymers. Finally, water is the most sustainable solvent and many biopolymers are soluble in it. For other polymers, there are a limited number of studies using green solvents. Promising solvents are found back in other membrane, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, Cyrene™, Rhodiasolv® PolarClean, TamiSolve NxG and γ-valerolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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5
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Dou Y, Pei S, Li Y, Wang M, Liu Z, Li J, Cao J, Qin J, Zhang M, Hou L, Sun H. Farnesoid X receptor represses human sulfotransferase 1A3 expression through direct binding to the promoter. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1014-1023. [PMID: 37487659 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Human sulfotransferases 1A3 (SULT1A3) has received particular interest, due to their functions of catalyzing the sulfonation of numerous phenolic substrates, including bioactive endogenous molecules and therapeutic agents. However, the regulation of SULT1A3 expression and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the regulation effects of bile acid-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR) on SULT1A3 expression, and to shed light on the mechanism thereof. Our results demonstrated that FXR agonists (CDCA and GW4064) significantly inhibit the expression of SULT1A3 at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, overexpression of FXR led to decrease in SULT1A3 expression and knockdown of FXR significantly induced the expression of SULT1A3 in protein and mRNA levels, confirming that FXR expression manifestly showed negative regulatory effect on basal SULT1A3 expression. Furthermore, a combination of luciferase reporter gene and CHIP assays showed that FXR repressed SULT1A3 transcription through direct binding to the region at base pair positions -664 to -654. In conclusion, this study for the first time confirmed FXR was a negative transcriptional regulator of human SULT1A3 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuhua Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yingying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | | | - Jiqin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinlan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jia Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lili Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for advanced interdisciplinary studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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6
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Sharma R, Morgen P, Larsen MJ, Roda-Serrat MC, Lund PB, Grahl-Madsen L, Andersen SM. Recovery, Regeneration, and Reapplication of PFSA Polymer from End-of-Life PEMFC MEAs. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:48705-48715. [PMID: 37787495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a recovery, regeneration, and reapplication process for Nafion, a perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer, from end-of-life (EoL) low-temperature proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). Samples of PFSA PEM recovered from EoL membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) with a history of close to 19,000 h of operation were recycled by dissolving the polymeric material in ethanol and applying the dissolved PFSA ionomer for producing the ionomer phase of the catalyst layer of new PEMFC cathodes. Structural characterizations show a marginally lower abundance of sulfonic groups for the EoL PEM compared to a fresh sample. Sulfonation of the former was employed to regenerate sulfonic groups to compensate for the lost ones. New gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs) were prepared with the recycled PFSA ionomer both with and without sulfonation, and MEAs with these GDEs as cathodes were assembled through a state-of-the-art procedure. Electrochemical characterizations of the GDEs and single-cell studies of the MEAs showed that the electrochemical performances of catalyst layers containing recycled PFSA ionomer were at least similar to those containing fresh. Durability studies of the GDEs and MEAs, performed through a three-electrode liquid cell and a single cell, respectively, show the highest durability for the GDE/MEA with PFSA ionomer recycled without applying the sulfonation step. However, the GDE with PFSA ionomer obtained from recycling a re-sulfonated PEM shows a durability comparable to that of the GDE with fresh PFSA ionomer. Hence, PFSA material aged during PEMFC operation may be employed to produce highly functional and durable regenerated PFSA ionomer for PEMFC catalyst layers. The studied process of PFSA ionomer recycling is highly attractive for industrial adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunandan Sharma
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Per Morgen
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Juul Larsen
- IRD Fuel Cells A/S, Emil Neckelmanns Vej 15 A&B, 5220 Odense SØ, Denmark
| | - Maria Cinta Roda-Serrat
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Peter Brilner Lund
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- IRD Fuel Cells A/S, Emil Neckelmanns Vej 15 A&B, 5220 Odense SØ, Denmark
| | - Laila Grahl-Madsen
- IRD Fuel Cells A/S, Emil Neckelmanns Vej 15 A&B, 5220 Odense SØ, Denmark
| | - Shuang Ma Andersen
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Padinjarathil H, Vilasini V, Balasubramanian R, Drago C, Dattilo S, Ramani P. Sulfonated Polyether Ketone Membranes Embedded with Nalidixic Acid-An Emerging Controlled Drug Releaser. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3631. [PMID: 37688257 PMCID: PMC10490094 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective administration of medication has advanced over decades, but the medical community still faces significant demand. Burst release and inadequate assimilation are major drawbacks that affect wound healing efficiency, leading to therapy failure. The widespread application of polymers in biomedical research is significant. The polyether ether ketone (PEEK) family is known for its biocompatibility, inertness, and semi-crystalline thermoplastic properties. In our present studies, we have chosen a member of this family, polyether ketone (PEK), to explore its role as a drug carrier. The PEK backbone was subjected to sulfonation to increase its hydrophilicity. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the sulfonation process based on the time, degree of sulfonation, and temperature. The PEK polymer was sulfonated using sulfuric acid at 150 °C for 6 h; back titration was performed to quantify the degree of sulfonation, with 69% representing the maximum sulfonation. SPEK and nalidixic sodium salt were dissolved in dichloroacetic acid to create a thin membrane. The physiological and morphological properties were assessed for the SPEK membrane. The studies on drug release in distilled water and a simulated body fluid over the course of 24 h revealed a controlled, gradual increase in the release rate, correlating with a mathematical model and demonstrating the zero-order nature of the drug release. Hemolysis on the SPEK membrane revealed lower toxicity. The SPEK membrane's biocompatibility was established using in vitro cytotoxicity tests on the Vero (IC50: 137.85 g/mL) cell lines. These results confirm that the SPEK membranes are suitable for sustained drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Padinjarathil
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Vidya Vilasini
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Balasubramanian
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Carmelo Drago
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sandro Dattilo
- Institute for Polymer, Composite and Biomaterials, CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
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Falany CN, Garcia PL, Hossain MI, van Waardenburg RCAM. Human cytosolic steroid sulfotransferases: Versatile and rapid activity assays. Methods Enzymol 2023; 689:332-352. [PMID: 37802577 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of steroids and sterol compounds with a sulfonate group is a major pathway in the regulation of their activity, synthesis and excretion. Three human cytosolic sulfotransferases are highly involved in the sulfonation of sterol compounds. SULT1E1 has a low nM affinity for estrogen sulfonation and also conjugates non-aromatic steroids with a significantly lower affinity. SULT2A1 is responsible for the high levels of fetal and adult dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate synthesis in the adrenal gland as well as many 3α and 3ß-hydroxysteroids and bile acids. SULT2B1b is responsible for the majority of cholesterol sulfation in tissues as well as conjugating 3ß-hydroxysteroids. Although there are multiple methods for assaying cytosolic SULT activity, two relatively simple, rapid and versatile assays for steroid sulfonation are described. The first method utilizes radiolabeled substrates and organic solvent extraction to isolate the radiolabeled product from the aqueous phase. The second assay utilizes 35S-3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to generate 35S-conjugated products that are resolved by thin layer chromatography. Both assays useful in situations requiring measurement of SULT activity in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Falany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Patrick L Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Robert C A M van Waardenburg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Fionah A, McLarney K, Judd A, Escobar IC. Effects of the Applied Potential on the Performance of Polysulfone Membranes Functionalized with Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone Polymers. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:675. [PMID: 37505041 PMCID: PMC10386516 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The global water crisis growth has led to a tremendous increase in membrane technology research. Membranes are favored over many other technologies for water treatment because, in principle, they require no chemical additives and can be used isothermally at low temperatures. Membranes that can reject contaminants and salts, produce adequate permeate flux values, and require minimal cleaning are highly demanded. However, most synthesized membranes on the market have associated problems, such as membrane fouling; inverse relationships between flux and solute rejection; and the high cost of synthesis, operation, and maintenance. Therefore, there is a continuied need to produce membranes with properties that make them able to sustain flux and selectivity over time. This research study focused on increasing the surface charge and hydrophilicity of polysulfone (PSf) membranes by incorporating sulfonate-functionalized poly-ether-ether-ketone (SPEEK) into PSf/N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (PSf/NMP) membranes. The sulfonation of the PEEK provided a net increase in negative charge on the surface of the membranes that enabled charge repulsion to take place, thus increasing the rejection of ions. In this project, the effect of the applied potential on the performance of SPEEK: PSf/NMP membranes was evaluated. The characterization of the as-synthesized membranes was carried out using the surface's structure and morphology, contact angle, and zeta potential. Furthermore, a voltage of 1.5 V was applied to the membranes in the presence of various salts (sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and potassium chloride salts) to evaluate the effects of the applied potential on solute rejection. It was found that both the permeability and the selectivity of the membranes increased when the voltage was applied. The obtained results indicate that incorporating SPEEK into PSf/NMP membranes increased the hydrophilicity of the membranes, and under the applied voltage, the incorporation allowed it to function as an electrodialysis process that is capable of removing ions from water bodies by utilizing the charge repulsion of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelline Fionah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kate McLarney
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Aviana Judd
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Isabel C Escobar
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Bakhvalova ES, Bykov AV, Markova ME, Lugovoy YV, Sidorov AI, Molchanov VP, Sulman MG, Kiwi-Minsker L, Nikoshvili LZ. Naphthalene-Based Polymers as Catalytic Supports for Suzuki Cross-Coupling. Molecules 2023; 28:4938. [PMID: 37446600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, naphthalene (NA)-based polymers were synthesized by one-stage Friedel-Crafts crosslinking. The influence of NA functionalization by -OH, -SO3H, and -NO2 groups on the polymers' porosity and distribution of the catalytically active phase (Pd) was studied. Synthesized catalytic systems containing 1 wt.% of Pd either in the form of Pd(II) species or Pd(0) nanoparticles supported on NA-based polymers were tested in a model reaction of Suzuki cross-coupling between 4-bromoanisole and phenylboronic acid under mild reaction conditions (60 °C, ethanol-water mixture as a solvent). These novel catalysts demonstrated high efficiency with more than 95% of 4-bromoanisole conversion and high selectivity (>97%) for the target 4-methoxybiphenyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Bakhvalova
- Regional Technological Centre, Tver State University, Zhelyabova Str., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia
| | - Alexey V Bykov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, A.Nikitina Str., 22, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Mariia E Markova
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, A.Nikitina Str., 22, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Yury V Lugovoy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, A.Nikitina Str., 22, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Alexander I Sidorov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, A.Nikitina Str., 22, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Molchanov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, A.Nikitina Str., 22, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Mikhail G Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, A.Nikitina Str., 22, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Lioubov Kiwi-Minsker
- Regional Technological Centre, Tver State University, Zhelyabova Str., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC-FSB-EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Linda Z Nikoshvili
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, A.Nikitina Str., 22, 170026 Tver, Russia
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Palanisamy G, Thangarasu S, Oh TH. Effect of Sulfonated Inorganic Additives Incorporated Hybrid Composite Polymer Membranes on Enhancing the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051294. [PMID: 36904534 PMCID: PMC10006918 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) provide considerable benefits in the energy and environmental sectors for producing bioenergy during bioremediation. Recently, new hybrid composite membranes with inorganic additives have been considered for MFC application to replace the high cost of commercial membranes and improve the performances of cost-effective polymers, such as MFC membranes. The homogeneous impregnation of inorganic additives in the polymer matrix effectively enhances the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities and prevents the crossover of substrate and oxygen through polymer membranes. However, the typical incorporation of inorganic additives in the membrane decreases the proton conductivity and ion exchange capacity. In this critical review, we systematically explained the impact of sulfonated inorganic additives (such as (sulfonated) sSiO2, sTiO2, sFe3O4, and s-graphene oxide) on different kinds of hybrid polymers (such as PFSA, PVDF, SPEEK, SPAEK, SSEBS, and PBI) membrane for MFC applications. The membrane mechanism and interaction between the polymers and sulfonated inorganic additives are explained. The impact of sulfonated inorganic additives on polymer membranes is highlighted based on the physicochemical, mechanical, and MFC performances. The core understandings in this review can provide vital direction for future development.
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12
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Padinjarathil H, Mudradi S, Balasubramanian R, Drago C, Dattilo S, Kothurkar NK, Ramani P. Design of an Antibiotic-Releasing Polymer: Physicochemical Characterization and Drug Release Patterns. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:membranes13010102. [PMID: 36676910 PMCID: PMC9866011 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conventional drug delivery has its share of shortcomings, especially its rapid drug release with a relatively short duration of therapeutic drug concentrations, even in topical applications. Prolonged drug release can be effectively achieved by modifying the carrier in a drug delivery system. Among the several candidates for carriers studied over the years, poly (ether ether ketone), a biocompatible thermoplastic, was chosen as a suitable carrier. Its inherent hydrophobicity was overcome by controlled sulfonation, which introduced polar sulfonate groups onto the polymer backbone. Optimization of the sulfonation process was completed by the variation of the duration, temperature of the sulfonation, and concentration of sulfuric acid. The sulfonation was confirmed by EDS and the degree of sulfonation was determined by an NMR analysis (61.6% and 98.9%). Various physical properties such as morphology, mechanical strength, and thermal stability were studied using scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, and thermogravimetric analysis. Cytotoxicity tests were performed on the SPEEK samples to study the variation in biocompatibility against a Vero cell line. The drug release kinetics of ciprofloxacin (CP) and nalidixic acid sodium salt (NA)-loaded membranes were studied in deionized water as well as SBF and compared against the absorbance of standardized solutions of the drug. The data were then used to determine the diffusion, distribution, and permeability coefficients. Various mathematical models were used to fit the obtained data to establish the order and mechanism of drug release. Studies revealed that drug release occurs by diffusion and follows zero-order kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Padinjarathil
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Srikrishna Mudradi
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Balasubramanian
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Carmelo Drago
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro Dattilo
- Institute for Polymer, Composite and Biomaterials, CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Nikhil K. Kothurkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
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13
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Han D, Yang X, Li K, Sun L, Hou T, Zhang L, Sun Y, Zhai L, Mi L. Distributed Li-Ion Flux Enabled by Sulfonated Covalent Organic Frameworks for High-Performance Lithium Metal Anodes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 44:e2200803. [PMID: 36519731 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metallic Li is considered the most promising anode material for high-energy-density batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, inhomogeneous lithium deposition and uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites result in low lithium utilization, rapid capacity fading, and poor cycling performance. Herein, two sulfonated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with different sulfonated group contents are synthesized as the multifunctional interlayers in lithium metal batteries. The sulfonic acid groups in the pore channels can serve as Li-anchoring sites that effectively coordinate Li ions. These periodically arranged subunits significantly guide uniform Li-ion flux distribution, guarantee smooth Li deposition, and reduce lithium dendrite formation. Consequently, these characteristics afford an excellent quasi-solid-state electrolyte with a high ionic conductivity of 1.9 × 10-3 S cm-1 at room temperature and a superior Li++ transference number of 0.91. A Li/LiFePO4 battery with the COF-based electrolyte exhibited dendrite-free Li deposition during the charge process, accompanied by no capacity decay after 100 cycles at 0.1 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandian Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Henan, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Xiubei Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Henan, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kuokuo Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Henan, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Linhai Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Henan, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Tian Hou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Henan, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Henan, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Yanyun Sun
- School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213001, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Zhai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Henan, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Henan, 450007, P. R. China
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14
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Petrov M, Chikin D, Abunaeva L, Glazkov A, Pichugov R, Vinyukov A, Levina I, Motyakin M, Mezhuev Y, Konev D, Antipov A. Mixture of Anthraquinone Sulfo-Derivatives as an Inexpensive Organic Flow Battery Negolyte: Optimization of Battery Cell. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:912. [PMID: 36295671 PMCID: PMC9607404 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (2,7-AQDS) is a promising organic compound, which is considered as a negolyte for redox flow batteries as well as for other applications. In this work we carried out a well-known reaction of anthraquinone sulfonation to synthesize 2,7-AQDS in mixture with other sulfo-derivatives, namely 2,6-AQDS and 2-AQS. Redox behavior of this mixture was evaluated with cyclic voltammetry and was almost identical to 2,7-AQDS. Mixture was then assessed as a potential negolyte of anthraquinone-bromine redox flow battery. After adjusting membrane-electrode assembly composition (membrane material and flow field)), the cell demonstrated peak power density of 335 mW cm-2 (at SOC 90%) and capacity utilization, capacity retention and energy efficiency of 87.9, 99.6 and 64.2%, respectively. These values are almost identical or even higher than similar values for flow battery with 2,7-AQDS as a negolyte, while the price of mixture is significantly lower. Therefore, this work unveils the promising possibility of using a mixture of crude sulfonated anthraquinone derivatives mixture as an inexpensive negolyte of RFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Petrov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Chikin
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lilia Abunaeva
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Glazkov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Pichugov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Vinyukov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Irina Levina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Motyakin
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Mezhuev
- Department of Biomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Konev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Anatoly Antipov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Rocker AJ, Cavasin M, Johnson NR, Shandas R, Park D. Sulfonated Thermoresponsive Injectable Gel for Sequential Release of Therapeutic Proteins to Protect Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3883-3898. [PMID: 35950643 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction causes cardiomyocyte death and persistent inflammatory responses, which generate adverse pathological remodeling. Delivering therapeutic proteins from injectable materials in a controlled-release manner may present an effective biomedical approach for treating this disease. A thermoresponsive injectable gel composed of chitosan, conjugated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and sulfonate groups, was developed for spatiotemporal protein delivery to protect cardiac function after myocardial infarction. The thermoresponsive gel delivered vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in a sequential and sustained manner in vitro. An acute myocardial infarction mouse model was used to evaluate polymer biocompatibility and to determine therapeutic effects from the delivery system on cardiac function. Immunohistochemistry showed biocompatibility of the hydrogel, while the controlled delivery of the proteins reduced macrophage infiltration and increased vascularization. Echocardiography showed an improvement in ejection fraction and fractional shortening after injecting the thermal gel and proteins. A factorial design of experimental study was implemented to optimize the delivery system for the best combination and doses of proteins for further increasing stable vascularization and reducing inflammation using a subcutaneous injection mouse model. The results showed that VEGF, IL-10, and FGF-2 demonstrated significant contributions toward promoting long-term vascularization, while PDGF's effect was minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rocker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Maria Cavasin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Noah R Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Robin Shandas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Daewon Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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16
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Yang I, Mok JH, Jung M, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi D, Jung JC. Polyethylene-Derived Activated Carbon Materials for Commercially Available Supercapacitor in an Organic Electrolyte System. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200006. [PMID: 35316561 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We fabricated high-performance supercapacitors based on activated carbons (AC) derived from Polyethylene (PE), which is one of the most abundant plastic materials worldwide. First, PE carbons (PEC) were prepared via sulfonation, which is reported solution for successful carbonization of innately non-carbonizable PE. Then, we explored the physico-electrical changes of PECs upon a chemical activation process. Interestingly, upon the chemical activation, PECs were converted ACs with a large surface area and high crystallinity at the same time. Subsequently, we exploited PE-derived ACs (PEAC) as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Resultant supercapacitors based on PEACs exhibited impressive performance. When compared to supercapacitors based on YP50f, a representative commercial ACs, devices using PEACs presented considerably good capacitance, low resistance, and great rate capability. Specifically, the retention rate of devices using PEACs was significantly higher than that of YP50f-based devices. At the high-rate of charge-discharge situation reaching 7 A g-1 , the capacitance of supercapacitors using PEACs was about 70% higher than that of YP50f-based devices. We assumed the carbon structure accompanying both large surface area and high conductivity endowed a great electrochemical performance at the high current operating conditions. Therefore, it is envisioned PE might be a viable candidate electrode material for commercially available supercapacitors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inchan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116, Myongji-ro, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Mok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116, Myongji-ro, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Meenkyoung Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116, Myongji-ro, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116, Myongji-ro, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116, Myongji-ro, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Dalsu Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116, Myongji-ro, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Chul Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116, Myongji-ro, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
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17
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Basso Peressut A, Di Virgilio M, Bombino A, Latorrata S, Muurinen E, Keiski RL, Dotelli G. Investigation of Sulfonated Graphene Oxide as the Base Material for Novel Proton Exchange Membranes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051507. [PMID: 35268613 PMCID: PMC8912047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with the development of graphene oxide (GO)-based self-assembling membranes as possible innovative proton conductors to be used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Nowadays, the most adopted electrolyte is Chemours’ Nafion; however, it reveals significant deficiencies such as strong dehydration at high temperature and low humidity, which drastically reduces its proton conductivity. The presence of oxygenated moieties in the GO framework makes it suitable for functionalization, which is required to enhance the promising, but insufficient, proton-carrying features of GO. In this study, sulfonic acid groups (–SO3H) that should favor proton transport were introduced in the membrane structure via a reaction between GO and concentrated sulfuric acid. Six acid-to-GO molar ratios were adopted in the synthesis procedure, giving rise to final products with different sulfonation degrees. All the prepared samples were characterized by means of TGA, ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, temperature-dependent XRD, SEM and EDX, which pointed out morphological and microstructural changes resulting from the functionalization stage, confirming its effectiveness. Regarding functional features, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well as measurements of ion exchange capacity (IEC) were carried out to describe the behavior of the various samples, with pristine GO and commercial Nafion® 212 used as reference. EIS tests were performed at five different temperatures (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C) under high (95%) and medium (42%) relative humidity conditions. Compared to both GO and Nafion® 212, the sulfonated specimens demonstrate an increase in the number of ion-carrying groups, as proved by both IEC and EIS tests, which reveal the enhanced proton conductivity of these novel membranes. Specifically, an acid-to-GO molar ratio of 10 produces a six-fold improvement of IEC (4.23 meq g−1) with respect to pure GO (0.76 meq g−1), while a maximum eight-fold improvement (5.72 meq g−1) is achieved in SGO-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Basso Peressut
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Matteo Di Virgilio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Antonella Bombino
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Saverio Latorrata
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Esa Muurinen
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.M.); (R.L.K.)
| | - Riitta L. Keiski
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (E.M.); (R.L.K.)
| | - Giovanni Dotelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.B.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.V.); (G.D.)
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18
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Vinodh R, Atchudan R, Kim HJ, Yi M. Recent Advancements in Polysulfone Based Membranes for Fuel Cell (PEMFCs, DMFCs and AMFCs) Applications: A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:300. [PMID: 35054706 PMCID: PMC8777856 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ion electrolyte membranes (IEMs) preparation and properties have attracted fabulous attention in fuel cell usages owing to its high ionic conductivity and chemical resistance. Currently, perfluorinatedsulfonicacid (PFSA) membrane has been widely employed in the membrane industry in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs); however, NafionTM suffers reduced proton conductivity at a higher temperature, requiring noble metal catalyst (Pt, Ru, and Pt-Ru), and catalyst poisoning by CO. Non-fluorinated polymers are a promising substitute. Polysulfone (PSU) is an aromatic polymer with excellent characteristics that have attracted membrane scientists in recent years. The present review provides an up-to-date development of PSU based electrolyte membranes and its composites for PEMFCs, alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFCs), and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) application. Various fillers encapsulated in the PEM/AEM moiety are appraised according to their preliminary characteristics and their plausible outcome on PEMFC/DMFC/AMFC. The key issues associated with enhancing the ionic conductivity and chemical stability have been elucidated as well. Furthermore, this review addresses the current tasks, and forthcoming directions are briefly summarized of PEM/AEMs for PEMFCs, DMFCs, AMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajangam Vinodh
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Raji Atchudan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Moonsuk Yi
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
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19
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Vlnieska V, Muniz AS, Oliveira ARS, César-Oliveira MAF, Kunka D. Synthesis and Chemical Functionalization of Pseudo-Homogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production-Oligocat. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:19. [PMID: 35012043 PMCID: PMC8747319 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in global demand for biodiesel, first generation feedstock has drawn the attention of governmental institutions due to the correlation with large land farming areas. The second and third feedstock generations are greener feedstock sources, nevertheless, they require different catalytic conditions if compared with first generation feedstock. In this work, we present the synthesis and characterization of oligoesters matrices and their functionalization to act as a pseudo-homogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production, named Oligocat. The main advantage of Oligocat is given due to its reactional medium interaction. Initially, oligocat is a solid catalyst soluble in the alcoholic phase, acting as a homogeneous catalyst, providing better mass transfer of the catalytic groups to the reaction medium, and as the course of the reaction happens, Oligocat migrates to the glycerol phase, also providing the advantage of easy separation of the biodiesel. Oligocat was synthesized through polymerization of aromatic hydroxy acids, followed by a chemical functionalization applying the sulfonation technique. Characterization of the catalysts was carried out by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized oligomers presented 5357 g·mol-1 (Mw) and 3909 g·mol-1 (Mn), with a moderate thermal resistance of approximately 175 °C. By sulfonation reaction, it was possible to obtain a high content of sulphonic groups of nearly 70 mol%, which provided the catalytic activity to the oligomeric matrix. With the mentioned physical-chemical properties, Oligocat is chemically designed to convert second generation feedstock to biodiesel efficiently. Preliminary investigation using Oligocat for biodiesel production resulted in conversion rates higher than 96.5 wt.%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Vlnieska
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.S.M.); (A.R.S.O.); (M.A.F.C.-O.)
- EMPA—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Aline S. Muniz
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.S.M.); (A.R.S.O.); (M.A.F.C.-O.)
| | - Angelo R. S. Oliveira
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.S.M.); (A.R.S.O.); (M.A.F.C.-O.)
| | - Maria A. F. César-Oliveira
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.S.M.); (A.R.S.O.); (M.A.F.C.-O.)
| | - Danays Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
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20
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Sáez V, Schober D, González Á, Arapitsas P. LC-MS-Based Metabolomics Discriminates Premium from Standard Chilean cv. Cabernet Sauvignon Wines from Different Valleys. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120829. [PMID: 34940587 PMCID: PMC8707972 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in Chile, mainly grown between the 30° S and 36° S, account for more than 30% of Chilean wine production, and yield wines with different characteristics which influence their quality. The aim of this study was to apply a liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based metabolomic protocol to investigate the quality differentiation in a sample set of monovarietal wines from eight valleys covering 679 km of the north-south extension. All samples were produced using a standardized red winemaking process and classified according to a company categorization in two major groups: premium and standard, and each group in two subcategories. The results pointed out that N-containing metabolites (mainly small peptides) are promising biomarkers for quality differentiation. Moreover, the premium wines were characterized by higher amounts of anthocyanins and other glycosylated and acetylated flavonoids, as well as phenolic acids; standard quality wines, on the other hand, presented stilbenoids and sulfonated catabolites of tryptophan and flavanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Sáez
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele All’Adige, Italy;
| | - Doreen Schober
- Center for Research and Innovation, Viña Concha y Toro, Ruta K-650 Km 10, Pencahue 3550000, Chile; (D.S.); (Á.G.)
| | - Álvaro González
- Center for Research and Innovation, Viña Concha y Toro, Ruta K-650 Km 10, Pencahue 3550000, Chile; (D.S.); (Á.G.)
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele All’Adige, Italy;
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, School of Food Science, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos str, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: or
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21
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Abstract
CONTEXT The adrenal cortex produces specific steroid hormones including steroid sulfates such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), the most abundant steroid hormone in the human circulation. Steroid sulfation involves a multistep enzyme machinery that may be impaired by inborn errors of steroid metabolism. Emerging data suggest a role of steroid sulfates in the pathophysiology of adrenal tumors and as potential biomarkers. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Selective literature search using "steroid," "sulfat*," "adrenal," "transport," "mass spectrometry" and related terms in different combinations. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A recent study highlighted the tissue abundance of estrogen sulfates to be of prognostic impact in adrenocortical carcinoma tissue samples using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging. General mechanisms of sulfate uptake, activation, and transfer to substrate steroids are reasonably well understood. Key aspects of this pathway, however, have not been investigated in detail in the adrenal; these include the regulation of substrate specificity and the secretion of sulfated steroids. Both for the adrenal and targeted peripheral tissues, steroid sulfates may have relevant biological actions beyond their cognate nuclear receptors after desulfation. Impaired steroid sulfation such as low DHEAS in Cushing adenomas is of diagnostic utility, but more comprehensive studies are lacking. In bioanalytics, the requirement of deconjugation for gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry has precluded the study of steroid sulfates for a long time. This limitation may be overcome by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS A role of steroid sulfation in the pathophysiology of adrenal tumors has been suggested and a diagnostic utility of steroid sulfates as biomarkers is likely. Recent analytical developments may target sulfated steroids specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wolf Mueller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nora Vogg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg(Germany)
| | - Thomas Alec Lightning
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Isabel Weigand
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg(Germany)
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg(Germany)
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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22
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Kang SH, Kim KW, Kim BJ. Carbon Fibers from High-Density Polyethylene Using a Hybrid Cross-Linking Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132157. [PMID: 34208856 PMCID: PMC8271614 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a method for manufacturing high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based carbon fibers using a hybrid cross-linking method was studied. HDPE precursor fibers were first cross-linked with an electron beam (E-beam) at an irradiation dose of 1000–2500 kGy, and then cross-linked in sulfuric acid at 80–110 °C for 60 min. Hybrid crosslinked fibers were carbonized for 5 min at a temperature of 900 °C. As a result, the hybrid crosslinked fibers had a carbonization yield of 40%. In addition, the carbonized fibers after hybrid crosslinking exhibited perfect fiber morphology, and HDPE-based carbon fibers with (002) and (10l) peaks, which are the intrinsic XRD peaks of carbon fibers, were successfully prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hyun Kang
- Research and Development Office I, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency, Jeonju 54852, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-W.K.)
- Department of Carbon Materials & Fiber Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Kim
- Research and Development Office I, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency, Jeonju 54852, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Byung-Joo Kim
- Department of Carbon and Nano Materials Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
- Correspondence:
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23
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Kube I, Tardio LB, Hofmann U, Ghallab A, Hengstler JG, Führer D, Zwanziger D. Hypothyroidism Increases Cholesterol Gallstone Prevalence in Mice by Elevated Hydrophobicity of Primary Bile Acids. Thyroid 2021; 31:973-984. [PMID: 33231505 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency has been associated with increased cholesterol gallstone prevalence. Hypothyroidism impacts hepatic lipid homeostasis, biliary secretion, gallbladder motility, and gallstone (LITH) gene expression, all potential factors contributing to cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD). However, how TH deficiency may lead to gallstone formation is still poorly understood. Therefore, we performed molecular studies in a CGD mouse model under lithogenic conditions and modulation of TH status. Methods: Male, three-month-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control (euthyroid) group, a hypothyroid (hypo) group, a gallstone (litho) group, and a gallstone+hypothyroid (litho+hypo) group and were treated for 2, 4, and 6 weeks (n = 8/treatment period). Gallstone prevalence, biliary composition and cholesterol crystals, hepatic expression of genes participating in cholesterol, bile acid (BA), and phosphatidylcholine synthesis (Hmgcr, Cyp7a1, Pcyt1a), and canalicular transport (Abcg5, Bsep, Abcb4) were investigated. Results: Increased cholesterol gallstone prevalence was observed in hypothyroid mice under lithogenic diet after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment (4 weeks: 25% vs. 0%; 6 weeks: 75% vs. 37.5%). Interestingly, neither the composition of the three main biliary components, cholesterol, BAs, and phosphatidylcholine, nor the hepatic expression of genes involved in synthesis and transport could explain the differences in cholesterol gallstone formation in the mice. However, TH deficiency resulted in significantly increased hydrophobicity of primary BAs in bile. Furthermore, downregulation of hepatic sulfonation enzymes Papss2 and Sult2a8 as well as diminished biliary BA sulfate concentrations in mice were observed under hypothyroid conditions all contributing to a lithogenic biliary milieu as evidenced by microscopic cholesterol crystals and macroscopic gallstone formation. Conclusions: We describe a novel pathogenic link between TH deficiency and CGD and suggest that the increased hydrophobic character of biliary BAs due to the diminished expression of hepatic detoxification enzymes promotes cholesterol crystal precipitation and enhances cholesterol gallstone formation in the bile of hypothyroid mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kube
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Luca Bartolomeo Tardio
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Department of Toxicology/Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology/Systems Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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24
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Addai Asante N, Wang Y, Bakhet S, Kareem S, Owusu KA, Hu Y, Appiah M. Ambient temperature sulfonated carbon fiber reinforced PEEK with hydroxyapatite and reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite composite coating. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:2174-2183. [PMID: 34002921 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
30% carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) has in recent times, become significant in the orthopedic industry because its elastic modulus can be engineered to match that of the human bone. But it is bioinert and does not integrate well with the immediate bone tissue environment. In this study, a combined surface modification technique involving ambient temperature sulfonation and surface coating of (hydroxyapatite (HA), 5%reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite(5%RGO/HA) and 10%reduced graphene oxide hydroxyapatite(10%RGO/HA) composites) on 30%CFR-PEEK was achieved with an appropriate temperature treatment at 345°C in nitrogen. The coatings adhered unto the surface of S30%CFR-PEEK with an improved hydrophilicity and bioactivity. With the sample S30%CFR-PEEK+HA, having the highest enhanced hydrophilicity from 112.5 ± 2.5° to 20 ± 2° and bioactivity. An improvement in hydrophilicity and bioactivity depicts a change in surface chemistry which will have a positive impact in the interaction of the materials surface with immediate bone environment for a successful application in the orthopedic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Addai Asante
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youfa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shahd Bakhet
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shefiu Kareem
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kwadwo Asare Owusu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuandi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Millicent Appiah
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Bains W, Petkowski JJ, Zhan Z, Seager S. Evaluating Alternatives to Water as Solvents for Life: The Example of Sulfuric Acid. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:400. [PMID: 33925658 PMCID: PMC8145300 DOI: 10.3390/life11050400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of life requires a solvent, which for life on Earth is water. Several alternative solvents have been suggested, but there is little quantitative analysis of their suitability as solvents for life. To support a novel (non-terrestrial) biochemistry, a solvent must be able to form a stable solution of a diverse set of small molecules and polymers, but must not dissolve all molecules. Here, we analyze the potential of concentrated sulfuric acid (CSA) as a solvent for biochemistry. As CSA is a highly effective solvent but a reactive substance, we focused our analysis on the stability of chemicals in sulfuric acid, using a model built from a database of kinetics of reaction of molecules with CSA. We consider the sulfuric acid clouds of Venus as a test case for this approach. The large majority of terrestrial biochemicals have half-lives of less than a second at any altitude in Venus's clouds, but three sets of human-synthesized chemicals are more stable, with average half-lives of days to weeks at the conditions around 60 km altitude on Venus. We show that sufficient chemical structural and functional diversity may be available among those stable chemicals for life that uses concentrated sulfuric acid as a solvent to be plausible. However, analysis of meteoritic chemicals and possible abiotic synthetic paths suggests that postulated paths to the origin of life on Earth are unlikely to operate in CSA. We conclude that, contrary to expectation, sulfuric acid is an interesting candidate solvent for life, but further work is needed to identify a plausible route for life to originate in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bains
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.J.P.); (Z.Z.); (S.S.)
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, 4 The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Janusz Jurand Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.J.P.); (Z.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Zhuchang Zhan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.J.P.); (Z.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.J.P.); (Z.Z.); (S.S.)
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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26
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Wang K, Chan YC, So PK, Liu X, Feng L, Cheung WT, Lee SST, Au SWN. Structure of mouse cytosolic sulfotransferase SULT2A8 provides insight into sulfonation of 7α-hydroxyl bile acids. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100074. [PMID: 33872606 PMCID: PMC8134075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the transfer of a sulfonate group from the cofactor 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate to a hydroxyl (OH) containing substrate and play a critical role in the homeostasis of endogenous compounds, including hormones, neurotransmitters, and bile acids. In human, SULT2A1 sulfonates the 3-OH of bile acids; however, bile acid metabolism in mouse is dependent on a 7α-OH sulfonating SULT2A8 via unknown molecular mechanisms. In this study, the crystal structure of SULT2A8 in complex with adenosine 3’,5’-diphosphate and cholic acid was resolved at a resolution of 2.5 Å. Structural comparison with human SULT2A1 reveals different conformations of substrate binding loops. In addition, SULT2A8 possesses a unique substrate binding mode that positions the target 7α-OH of the bile acid close to the catalytic site. Furthermore, mapping of the critical residues by mutagenesis and enzyme activity assays further highlighted the importance of Lys44 and His48 for enzyme catalysis and Glu237 in loop 3 on substrate binding and stabilization. In addition, limited proteolysis and thermal shift assays suggested that the cofactor and substrates have protective roles in stabilizing SULT2A8 protein. Together, the findings unveil the structural basis of bile acid sulfonation targeting 7α-OH and shed light on the functional diversity of bile acid metabolism across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Yan-Chun Chan
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Pui-Kin So
- University Research Facility in Life Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Xing Liu
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lu Feng
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Tai Cheung
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna Sau-Tuen Lee
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Shannon Wing-Ngor Au
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Center for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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27
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Sun Y, Liu X, Tan J, Lv D, Song W, Su R, Li L, Liu X, Ouyang L, Liao Y. Strontium ranelate incorporated 3D porous sulfonated PEEK simulating MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbaa043. [PMID: 33732489 PMCID: PMC7947580 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been used as an implant material because it has similar mechanical properties to natural bone. However, inferior osseointegration and bioinertness hamper the clinical application of PEEK. In this study, the surfaces of sulfonated three-dimensional (3D) PEEK porous structures were loaded with different concentrations of strontium ranelate, a compound commonly used in the treatment or prevention of osteoporosis by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the topography of the structures, elemental carbon, oxygen and strontium contents were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and surface zeta potentials and water-contact angle were also measured. The results indicated that strontium ranelate was successfully loaded onto the 3D porous structures. In vitro cellular results showed that strontium ranelate-treated sulfonated PEEK (SP-SR) strengthened the adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization deposition of MC3T3-E1 cells were also improved on the surface of SP-SR. These results indicate that SP-SR could serve a new implant candidate for surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xingdan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning District, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ji Tan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning District, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Wengang Song
- Graduate School of Beihua University, Beihua University, Fengman District Jilin 132013, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning District, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Liping Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
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28
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Tsai BH, Lin TA, Cheng CH, Lin JC. Studies of the Sulfonated Hydrogenated Styrene-Isoprene-Styrene Block Copolymer and Its Surface Properties, Cytotoxicity, and Platelet-Contacting Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020235. [PMID: 33445549 PMCID: PMC7828018 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Styrenic thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) consist of styrenic blocks. They are connected with other soft segments by a covalent linkage and are widely used in human life. However, in biomedical applications, TPEs need to be chemically hydrogenated in advance to enhance their properties such as strong UV/ozone resistance and thermal-oxidative stability. In this study, films composed of sulfonated hydrogenated TPEs were evaluated. Hydrogenated tert-butyl styrene–styrene–isoprene block copolymers were synthesized and selectively sulfonated to different degrees by reaction with acetyl sulfate. By controlling the ratio of the hydrogenated tert-butyl styrene–styrene–isoprene block copolymer and acetyl sulfate, sulfonated films were optimized to demonstrate sufficient mechanical integrity in water as well as good biocompatibility. The thermal plastic sulfonated films were found to be free of cytotoxicity and platelet-compatible and could be potential candidates in biomedical film applications such as wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Hong Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (B.-H.T.); (T.-A.L.)
| | - Tse-An Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (B.-H.T.); (T.-A.L.)
| | - Chi-Hui Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jui-Che Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (B.-H.T.); (T.-A.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (J.-C.L.)
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29
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Liu F, Pei S, Li W, Wang X, Liang C, Yang R, Zhang Z, Yao X, Fang D, Xie S, Sun H. Characterization of Formononetin Sulfonation in SULT1A3 Overexpressing HKE293 Cells: Involvement of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 4 in Excretion of Sulfate. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:614756. [PMID: 33510641 PMCID: PMC7836013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Formononetin is one of the main active compounds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine Astragalus membranaceus. However, disposition of formononetin via sulfonation pathway remains undefined. Here, expression-activity correlation was performed to identify the contributing of SULT1A3 to formononetin metabolism. Then the sulfonation of formononetin and excretion of its sulfate were investigated in SULT1A3 overexpressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells (or HKE-SULT1A3 cells) with significant expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4). As a result, formononetin sulfonation was significantly correlated with SULT1A3 protein levels (r = 0.728; p < 0.05) in a bank of individual human intestine S9 fractions (n = 9). HEK-SULT1A3 cells catalyzed formononetin formation of a monosulfate metabolite. Sulfate formation of formononetin in HEK-SULT1A3 cell lysate followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Vmax = 13.94 pmol/min/mg and Km = 6.17 μM). Reduced activity of MRP4 by MK-571 caused significant decrease in the excretion rate (79.1%–94.6%) and efflux clearance (85.3%–98.0%) of formononetin sulfate, whereas the BCRP specific inhibitor Ko143 had no effect. Furthermore, silencing of MRP4 led to obvious decrease in sulfate excretion rates (>32.8%) and efflux clearance (>50.6%). It was worth noting that the fraction of dose metabolized (fmet), an indicator of the extent of drug sulfonation, was also decreased (maximal 26.7%) with the knockdown of MRP4. In conclusion, SULT1A3 was of great significance in determining sulfonation of formononetin. HEK-SULT1A3 cells catalyzed formononetin formation of a monosulfate. MRP4 mainly contributed to cellular excretion of formononetin sulfate and further mediated the intracellular sulfonation of formononetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanye Liu
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuhua Pei
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhansheng Zhang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Songqiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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30
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Wu J, Chandra RP, Takada M, Liu LY, Renneckar S, Kim KH, Kim CS, Saddler JN. Enhancing Enzyme-Mediated Cellulose Hydrolysis by Incorporating Acid Groups Onto the Lignin During Biomass Pretreatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:608835. [PMID: 33282856 PMCID: PMC7691530 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.608835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is known to limit the enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of biomass by both restricting substrate swelling and binding to the enzymes. Pretreated mechanical pulp (MP) made from Aspen wood chips was incubated with either 16% sodium sulfite or 32% sodium percarbonate to incorporate similar amounts of sulfonic and carboxylic acid groups onto the lignin (60 mmol/kg substrate) present in the pulp without resulting in significant delignification. When Simon's stain was used to assess potential enzyme accessibility to the cellulose, it was apparent that both post-treatments enhanced accessibility and cellulose hydrolysis. To further elucidate how acid group addition might influence potential enzyme binding to lignin, Protease Treated Lignin (PTL) was isolated from the original and modified mechanical pulps and added to a cellulose rich, delignified Kraft pulp. As anticipated, the PTLs from both the oxidized and sulfonated substrates proved less inhibitory and adsorbed less enzymes than did the PTL derived from the original pulp. Subsequent analyses indicated that both the sulfonated and oxidized lignin samples contained less phenolic hydroxyl groups, resulting in enhanced hydrophilicity and a more negative charge which decreased the non-productive binding of the cellulase enzymes to the lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard P Chandra
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Masatsugu Takada
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Advanced Energy Science Research and Education Center, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Li-Yang Liu
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Forest Product Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Nda-Umar UI, Ramli I, Muhamad EN, Azri N, Taufiq-Yap YH. Optimization and Characterization of Mesoporous Sulfonated Carbon Catalyst and Its Application in Modeling and Optimization of Acetin Production. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225221. [PMID: 33182532 PMCID: PMC7697787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an optimized mesoporous sulfonated carbon (OMSC) catalyst derived from palm kernel shell biomass was developed using template carbonization and subsequent sulfonation under different temperatures and time conditions. The OMSC catalyst was characterized using acid-base titration, elemental analysis, XRD, Raman, FTIR, XPS, TPD-NH3, TGA-DTA, SEM, and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis to reveal its properties. Results proved that the OMSC catalyst is mesoporous and amorphous in structure with improved textural, acidic, and thermal properties. Both FTIR and XPS confirmed the presence of -SO3H, -OH, and -COOH functional groups on the surface of the catalyst. The OMSC catalyst was found to be efficient in catalyzing glycerol conversion to acetin via an acetylation reaction with acetic acid within a short period of 3 h. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a two-level, three-factor, face-centered central composite design, was used to optimize the reaction conditions. The results showed that the optimized temperature, glycerol-to-acetic acid mole ratio, and catalyst load were 126 °C, 1:10.4, and 0.45 g, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, 97% glycerol conversion (GC) and selectivities of 4.9, 27.8, and 66.5% monoacetin (MA), diacetin (DA), and triacetin (TA), respectively, were achieved and found to be close to the predicted values. Statistical analysis showed that the regression model, as well as the model terms, were significant with the predicted R2 in reasonable agreement with the adjusted R2 (<0.2). The OMSC catalyst maintained excellent performance in GC for the five reaction cycles. The selectivity to TA, the most valuable product, was not stable until the fourth cycle, attributable to the leaching of the acid sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Idris Nda-Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 55 Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Irmawati Ramli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ernee Noryana Muhamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norsahida Azri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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Álvarez-Fernández MA, Carafa I, Vrhovsek U, Arapitsas P. Modulating Wine Aromatic Amino Acid Catabolites by Using Torulaspora delbrueckii in Sequentially Inoculated Fermentations or Saccharomyces cerevisiae Alone. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1349. [PMID: 32899614 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are the key microorganisms that transform grape juice into wine, and nitrogen is an essential nutrient able to affect yeast cell growth, fermentation kinetics and wine quality. In this work, we focused on the intra- and extracellular metabolomic changes of three aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) during alcoholic fermentation of two grape musts by two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and the sequential inoculation of Torulaspora delbrueckii with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An UPLC-MS/MS method was used to monitor 33 metabolites, and 26 of them were detected in the extracellular samples and 8 were detected in the intracellular ones. The results indicate that the most intensive metabolomic changes occurred during the logarithm cellular growth phase and that pure S. cerevisiae fermentations produced higher amounts of N-acetyl derivatives of tryptophan and tyrosine and the off-odour molecule 2-aminoacetophenone. The sequentially inoculated fermentations showed a slower evolution and a higher production of metabolites linked to the well-known plant hormone indole acetic acid (auxin). Finally, the production of sulfonated tryptophol during must fermentation was confirmed, which also may explain the bitter taste of wines produced by Torulaspora delbrueckii co-fermentations, while sulfonated indole carboxylic acid was detected for the first time in such an experimental design.
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Eriksson K, Wide L. Gonadotropin Glycoforms Circulating in Women Using Progestins of the Levonorgestrel Family for Contraception. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa128. [PMID: 33123654 PMCID: PMC7575131 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The progestins of the levonorgestrel family are 13-ethylgonane progestins, commonly used for contraception in women. One contraceptive effect of these progestins is inhibition of ovulation, which may be a result of changes in gonadotropin glycosylation patterns. Gonadotropin glycoforms differ in number of glycans and bioactivity: more bioactive low-N-glycosylated glycoforms, diglycosylated luteinizing hormone (LHdi) and triglycosylated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHtri), and less bioactive fully N-glycosylated glycoforms, LHtri and FSHtetra. Objective Characterize the glycosylation patterns on the circulating gonadotropin glycoforms in women using 13-ethylgonane progestins for contraception. Design, Subjects, Main Outcome Measures Serum samples, collected from 92 healthy women using 13-ethylgonane progestins for contraception, were included. Forty women used progestin-only continuously and 52 used progestins combined with ethinylestradiol (EE) for 3 weeks followed by a hormone-free week. Concentration, sulfonation, and sialylation of each glycoform were determined and compared with follicular phase values of normal menstrual cycles. Results The progestin-only group had significantly increased serum levels, decreased sulfonation, and increased sialylation of LHdi. The LHdi/FSHtri ratio was increased. The progestin+EE group had significantly decreased gonadotropin glycoform concentrations and decreased sialylation of FSHtri. The progestin+EE effect on sialylation of FSHtri occurred later during the treatment cycle in contrast to the effect on FSHtri concentration. Conclusions The 2 different progestin treatments induced different effects on the glycan synthesis and concentrations of more bioactive low-glycosylated gonadotropins. Progestin-only treatment increased sialylation and decreased sulfonation of LHdi molecules, contributing to sustained higher levels of bioactive LHdi molecules. Progestin+EE treatment decreased sialylation of FSHtri, contributing to a shorter half-life and decreased levels of bioactive FSHtri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Wide
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ma R, Wang J, Li C, Ma K, Wei J, Yang P, Guo D, Wang K, Wang W. Effects of different sulfonation times and post-treatment methods on the characterization and cytocompatibility of sulfonated PEEK. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:342-352. [PMID: 32772686 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220935008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been becoming a popular implant material in orthopaedic applications. The lack of bioactivity affects PEEK's long-term lifetime, and appropriate surface modification is an effective way to enhance its bioactivity. Sulfonation of PEEK can endow PEEK with a 3 D porous network surface and improve its bioactivity. This study is aimed at exploring an optimal sulfonation time and a post-treatment method of PEEK sulfonation. PEEK was immersed into concentrated sulfuric acid for different sulfonation times and experienced different post-treatment methods to turn into sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK). The immersion times were 0.5 min (SPEEK0.5), 1 min (SPEEK1), 3 min (SPEEK3), 5 min (SPEEK5) and 7 min (SPEEK7), and the post-treatment methods were acetone rinsing (SPEEK-T1), hydrothermal treatment (SPEEK-T2) and NaOH immersion (SPEEK-T3). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrophilic property, ion release and cell viability evaluations were performed to optimize the sulfonation time, and the SEM, EDS, ion release and cell viability were analysed to optimize the post-treatment method. The results showed a porous network structure was formed on all samples of SPEEK, and the porous structure became more obvious and the S concentration increased with increasing sulfonation time. However, too long of an immersion time (SPEEK7) tended to damage the superficial porous structure and left a higher content of sulfuric acid, which could inhibit the growth of MC3T3E1 cells on its surface. In addition, the surface morphology, residual sulfuric acid and cytocompatibility of SPEEK-T1, SPEEK-T2 and SPEEK-T3 were not distinctly different. In conclusion, a 5-min sulfonation time was considered to be the optimal selection, and acetone rinsing, hydrothermal treatment and NaOH immersion showed the same effect in removing the residual sulfuric acid. The understanding of optimal sulfonation time and post-treatment method can provide a theoretical basis in preparing SPEEK for orthopaedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengxin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dagang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Raunio H, Pentikäinen O, Juvonen RO. Coumarin-Based Profluorescent and Fluorescent Substrates for Determining Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzyme Activities In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134708. [PMID: 32630278 PMCID: PMC7369699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes have been measured with various in vitro and in vivo methods, such as spectrophotometric, fluorometric, mass spectrometric, and radioactivity-based techniques. In fluorescence-based assays, the reaction produces a fluorescent product from a nonfluorescent substrate or vice versa. Fluorescence-based enzyme assays are usually highly sensitive and specific, allowing measurements on small specimens of tissues with low enzyme activities. Fluorescence assays are also amenable to miniaturization of the reaction mixtures and can thus be done in high throughput. 7-Hydroxycoumarin and its derivatives are widely used as fluorophores due to their desirable photophysical properties. They possess a large π-π conjugated system with electron-rich and charge transfer properties. This conjugated structure leads to applications of 7-hydroxycoumarins as fluorescent sensors for biological activities. We describe in this review historical highlights and current use of coumarins and their derivatives in evaluating activities of the major types of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme systems. Traditionally, coumarin substrates have been used to measure oxidative activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. For this purpose, profluorescent coumarins are very sensitive, but generally lack selectivity for individual CYP forms. With the aid of molecular modeling, we have recently described several new coumarin-based substrates for measuring activities of CYP and conjugating enzymes with improved selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Raunio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70600 Kuopio, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Olli Pentikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Risto O. Juvonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70600 Kuopio, Finland;
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Tsai BH, Chuang YH, Cheng CH, Lin JC. Sulfonation and Characterization of Tert-Butyl Styrene/Styrene/Isoprene Copolymer and Polypropylene Blends for Blood Compatibility Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061351. [PMID: 32549392 PMCID: PMC7361970 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogenated styrenic block copolymers (HSBCs) have been used in medical tubing for many years due to their high clarity, flexibility, kink resistance, and toughness. However, when it comes to blood storage applications, HSBC compounds’ market has been limited because of their high hydrophobicity, which may trigger platelet adhesion when contacting with blood. HSBC needs to be physically or chemically modified in advance to make it blood compatible; however, HSBC has strong UV/ozone resistance, thermooxidative stability, and excellent processing capability, which increases the difficulty of the chemical modification process as unsaturated dienes has been converted to saturated stable midblocks. Moreover, medical HSBC-containing compounds primarily make up with the non-polar, hydrophobic nature and benign characteristics of other common ingredients (U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) grades of mineral oil and polypropylene), which complicates the realization of using HSBC-containing compounds in blood-contacting applications, and this explains why few studies had disclosed chemical modification for biocompatibility improvement on HSBC-containing compounds. Sulfonation has been reported as an effective way to improve the material’s blood/platelet compatibility. In this study, hydrogenated tert-butyl styrene (tBS)-styrene-isoprene block copolymers were synthesized and its blends with polypropylene and USP grades of mineral oil were selectively sulfonated by reaction with acetyl sulfate. By controlling the ratio of the hydrogenated tBS-styrene-isoprene block copolymer in the blend, sulfonated films were optimized to demonstrate sufficient physical integrity in water as well as thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and platelet compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Hong Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (B.-H.T.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yung-Han Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (B.-H.T.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Chi-Hui Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (J.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8202) (C.-H.C.); +886-6-2757575 (ext. 62665) (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jui-Che Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (B.-H.T.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (J.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8202) (C.-H.C.); +886-6-2757575 (ext. 62665) (J.-C.L.)
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Abstract
We develop a simple, fast and economical surface treatment under ambient temperature to improve the hydrophilicity and osteoconductivity of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for bone implant applications. A major challenge in bone implants is the drastic difference in stiffness between traditional implant materials (such as titanium and stainless steel) and human bone. PEEK is biocompatible with an elastic modulus closely matching that of human bone, making it a highly attractive alternative. However, its bio-inert and poorly hydrophilic surface presents a serious challenge for osseointegration. Sulfonation can improve hydrophilicity and introduce bioactive sulfonate groups, but PEEK sulfonation has traditionally been applied for fuel cells, employing elevated temperatures and long reaction times to re-cast PEEK into sulfonated films. Little research has systematically studied PEEK surface modification by short reaction time (seconds) and ambient-temperature sulfonation for biomedical applications. Here, we investigate three ambient-temperature sulfonation treatments under varying reaction times (5–90 s) and evaluate the hydrophilicity and morphology of 15 modified PEEK surfaces. We establish an optimal treatment using 30 s H2SO4 followed by 20 s rinsing, and then 20 s immersion in NaOH followed by 20 s rinsing. This 30 s ambient-temperature sulfonation is found to be more effective than conventional plasma treatments and reduced PEEK water contact angle from 78° to 37°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigeng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE , UK
| | - C J Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE , UK
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE , UK
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE , UK
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Niu Y, Guo L, Hu F, Ren L, Zhou Q, Ru J, Wei J. Macro-Microporous Surface with Sulfonic Acid Groups and Micro-Nano Structures of PEEK/Nano Magnesium Silicate Composite Exhibiting Antibacterial Activity and Inducing Cell Responses. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2403-2417. [PMID: 32308391 PMCID: PMC7155204 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s238287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To improve the surface bio-properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/nano magnesium silicate (n-MS) composite (PC). Materials and Methods The surface of PC was firstly treated by particle impact (PCP) and subsequently modified by concentrated sulfuric acid (PCPS). Results PCPS surface exhibited not only macropores with sizes of about 150 μm (fabricated by particle impact) but also micropores with sizes of about 2 μm (created by sulfonation of PEEK) on the macroporous walls, and sulfonic acid (-SO3H) groups were introduced on PCPS surface. In addition, many n-MS nanoparticles were exposed on the microporous walls, which formed micro-nano structures. Moreover, the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of PCPS were obviously enhanced as compared with PC and PCP. Moreover, the apatite mineralization of PCPS in simulated body fluid (SBF) was obviously improved as compared with PC. Furthermore, compared with PC and PCP, PCPS exhibited antibacterial performances due to the presence of -SO3H groups. In addition, the responses (eg, adhesion and proliferation as well as differentiation) of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell of rat to PCPS were significantly promoted as compared with PC and PCP. Conclusion PCPS with macro-microporous surface containing -SO3H groups and micro-nano structures exhibited antibacterial activity and induced cell responses, which might possess large potential for bone substitute and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Niu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lieping Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishu Ren
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangying Ru
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Rocker AJ, Lee DJ, Shandas R, Park D. Injectable Polymeric Delivery System for Spatiotemporal and Sequential Release of Therapeutic Proteins To Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis and Reduce Inflammation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1217-1227. [PMID: 33464833 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) causes cardiac cell death, induces persistent inflammatory responses, and generates harmful pathological remodeling, which leads to heart failure. Biomedical approaches to restore blood supply to ischemic myocardium, via controlled delivery of angiogenic and immunoregulatory proteins, may present an efficient treatment option for coronary artery disease (CAD). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is necessary to initiate neovessel formation, while platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is needed later to recruit pericytes, which stabilizes new vessels. Anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 (IL-10) can help optimize cardiac repair and limit the damaging effects of inflammation following MI. To meet these angiogenic and anti-inflammatory needs, an injectable polymeric delivery system composed of encapsulating micelle nanoparticles embedded in a sulfonated reverse thermal gel was developed. The sulfonate groups on the thermal gel electrostatically bind to VEGF and IL-10, and their specific binding affinities control their release rates, while PDGF-loaded micelles are embedded in the gel to provide the sequential release of the growth factors. An in vitro release study was performed, which demonstrated the sequential release capabilities of the delivery system. The ability of the delivery system to induce new blood vessel formation was analyzed in vivo using a subcutaneous injection mouse model. Histological assessment was used to quantify blood vessel formation and an inflammatory response, which showed that the polymeric delivery system significantly increased functional and mature vessel formation while reducing inflammation. Overall, the results demonstrate the effective delivery of therapeutic proteins to promote angiogenesis and limit inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rocker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - David J Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Robin Shandas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Daewon Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Arar Ö. Co-precipitative Preparation of a Sulfonated Cellulose-magnetite Hybrid Sorbent for the Removal of Cu 2+ Ions. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:81-85. [PMID: 31761814 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19sap01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel sulfonated cellulose-magnetite (Fe3O4) composite sorbent was prepared and applied for the removal of Cu2+ ions from an aqueous solution. It was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, elemental analysis, SEM, VSM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of the sorbent dose, initial solution pH, and temperature on Cu2+ removal were studied. The removal of the Cu2+ was completed in 15 min, and the sorption kinetics of Cu2+ was found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. An equilibrium test demonstrated that sorption of Cu2+ onto a hybrid sorbent agreed well with the Langmuir adsorption model for a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.2 mg/g. Moreover, the optimum pH for Cu2+ removal was found to be ≥4. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters reveal the feasibility, spontaneity and endothermic nature of the sorption process. In addition, Cu2+ ions can be desorbed from the sorbent with a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Arar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, 35040, Turkey
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Zhang YD, Li HY, Liu FY, Niu J, Wang X, Liang C, Sun H. [7-hydroxy sulfonation of liquiritigenin by recombinant SULT1A3 enzyme and HEK-SULT1A3 cells]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:4249-4256. [PMID: 31872706 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190726.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study,liquiritigenin sulfonation was characterized using recombinant human sulfotransferases( SULTs). The chemical structure of liquiritigenin sulfate was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry( UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Then model fitting and parameter estimation were performed using the Graphpad Prism V5 software. Various SULT enzymes( SULT1 A1,1 A2,1 A3,1 B1,1 C2,1 C4,1 E1 and 2 A1) were able to catalyze the formation of liquiritigenin-7-O-sulfate. Sulfonation of liquiritigenin-7-hydroxy( 7-OH) by these eight SULT enzymes consistently displayed the classical Michaelis-Menten profile. According to the intrinsic clearance( CLint) value,the sulfonation rates of liquiritigenin-7-OH by expressed SULT enzymes followed the following rank order: SULT1 C4 > SULT1 A3 > SULT1 E1 > SULT1 A1 > SULT1 A2 > SULT1 B1 >SULT1 C2>SULT2 A1. Further,liquiritigenin-7-O-sulfonation was significantly correlated with the SULT1 A3 protein levels( P<0. 05).Then,human embryonic kidney( HEK) 293 cells over expressing SULT1 A3( named as HEK-SULT1 A3 cells) were conducted. As a result,liquiritigenin-7-O-sulfate( L-7-S) was rapidly generated upon incubation of the cells with liquiritigenin. Consistent with SULT1 A3,sulfonation of liquiritigenin-7-OH in HEK-SULT1 A3 cells also followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The derived Vmaxvalues was( 0. 315±0. 009) μmol·min-1·g-1,Kmwas( 7. 04±0. 680) μmol·L-1,and CLintwas( 0. 045±0. 005) L·min-1·g-1. Moreover,the sulfonation characters of liquiritigenin( 7-OH) in SULT1 A3 were strongly correlated with that in HEK-SULT1 A3 cells( P<0. 001).The results indicated that HEK-SULT1 A3 cells have shown the catalytic function of SULT1 A3 enzymes. In conclusion,liquiritigenin was subjected to efficient sulfonation,and SULT1 A3 enzyme plays an important role in the sulfonation of liquiritigenin-7-OH. Significant sulfonation should be the main reason for the low bioavailability of liquiritigenin. In addition,HEK-SULT1 A3 cells were conducted and successfully used to evaluate liquiritigenin sulfonation,which will provide an appropriate tool to accurately depict the sulfonation disposition of liquiritigenin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University Kaifeng 475004,China
| | - Hai-Ying Li
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University Kaifeng 475004,China
| | - Fan-Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University Kaifeng 475004,China
| | - Jie Niu
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University Kaifeng 475004,China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University Kaifeng 475004,China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University Kaifeng 475004,China
| | - Hua Sun
- School of Pharmacy,Henan University Kaifeng 475004,China
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Abstract
Osthenol, a prenylated coumarin, is a C8-prenylated derivative of umbelliferone isolated from the root of Angelica koreana and Angelica dahurica, an intermediate and is known as a major metabolite of desmethyl-osthole.The various pharmacological effects of osthenol have been reported. In previous studies, we investigated five hydroxylated metabolites by cytochromes P450 (CYP) and glucuronide conjugates of osthenol by uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). However, osthenol have very few studies have been reported on its pharmacokinetic (PK) profiling, we reported the PK parameters in mouse of osthenol through this study.After oral (5 and 20 mg/kg) and intravenous (5 mg/kg) administration, the concentration of osthenol in plasma was determined by LC-MS/MS. The quantitative method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision. When 5 and 20 mg/kg of osthenol were orally administered, the bioavailability (BA) was found to be very low at 0.43 and 0.02%, respectively.In fact, osthenol was mostly metabolized to a two-Phase II conjugates, a sulfonyl and glucuronyl-osthenol, in the blood, which was determined by LC-HR/MS analysis of the blood sample. Because osthenol is rapidly metabolized to two conjugates by first-pass effect the BA of osthenol is low after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piljoung Cho
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Choi
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Younah Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Noh
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Okuno Y, Bonala R, Attaluri S, Johnson F, Grollman AP, Sidorenko VS, Oda Y. Bioactivation mechanisms of N-hydroxyaristolactams: Nitroreduction metabolites of aristolochic acids. Environ Mol Mutagen 2019; 60:792-806. [PMID: 31374128 PMCID: PMC6899766 DOI: 10.1002/em.22321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are human nephrotoxins and carcinogens found in concoctions of Aristolochia plants used in traditional medicinal practices worldwide. Genotoxicity of AAs is associated with the formation of active species catalyzed by metabolic enzymes, the full repertoire of which is unknown. Recently, we provided evidence that sulfonation is important for bioactivation of AAs. Here, we employ Salmonella typhimurium umu tester strains expressing human N-acetyltransferases (NATs) and sulfotransferases (SULTs), to study the role of conjugation reactions in the genotoxicities of N-hydroxyaristolactams (AL-I-NOH and AL-II-NOH), metabolites of AA-I and AA-II. Both N-hydroxyaristolactams show stronger genotoxic effects in umu strains expressing human NAT1 and NAT2, than in the parent strain. Additionally, AL-I-NOH displays increased genotoxicity in strains expressing human SULT1A1 and SULT1A2, whereas AL-II-NOH shows enhanced genotoxicity in SULT1A1/2 and SULT1A3 strains. 2,6-Dichloro-4-nitrophenol, SULTs inhibitor, reduced umuC gene expression induced by N-hydroxyaristolactams in SULT1A2 strain. N-hydroxyaristolactams are also mutagenic in parent strains, suggesting that an additional mechanism(s) may contribute to their genotoxicities. Accordingly, using putative SULT substrates and inhibitors, we found that cytosols obtained from human kidney HK-2 cells activate N-hydroxyaristolactams in aristolactam-DNA adducts with the limited involvement of SULTs. Removal of low-molecular-weight reactants in the 3.5-10 kDa range inhibits the formation of aristolactam-DNA by 500-fold, which could not be prevented by the addition of cofactors for SULTs and NATs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the genotoxicities of N-hydroxyaristolactams depend on the cell type and involve not only sulfonation but also N,O-acetyltransfer and an additional yet unknown mechanism(s). Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Okuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of TechnologyWakayama College77 Noshima, Nada, Gobo‐shi, Wakayama644‐0023Japan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Material Science and EngineeringWakayama National College of Technology, Gobo‐shiWakayama644‐0023Japan
| | - Radha Bonala
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York11794USA
| | - Sivaprasad Attaluri
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York11794USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York11794USA
- Department of ChemistryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York11794USA
| | - Arthur P. Grollman
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York11794USA
- Department of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York11794USA
| | | | - Yoshimitsu Oda
- Institute of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Shin‐Ai College6‐2‐28 Tsurumi, Tsurumi‐ku, Osaka538‐0053Japan
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Calegari GC, Queiroz Santos VA, Barbosa-Dekker AM, Busso C, Dekker RFH, Alves da Cunha MA. Sulfonated (1→6)-β-d-Glucan (Lasiodiplodan): Preparation, Characterization and Bioactive Properties. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:490-502. [PMID: 32123511 PMCID: PMC7029391 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.04.19.6264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated derivatives of lasiodiplodan (LAS-S) with different degrees of substitution (1.61, 1.42, 1.02 and 0.15) were obtained and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal and solubility analyses. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential were also assessed. The sulfonation was confirmed by FTIR analysis with specific bands at 1250 cm-1 (S=O, strong asymmetrical stretching vibration) and at 810 cm-1 (C-O-S, symmetrical vibration associated with the C-O-SO3 group) in the sulfonated samples. SEM demonstrated that sulfonation promoted morphological changes on the surface of the biopolymer with heterogeneous fibrillary structures appearing along the surface following chemical modification. LAS-S showed high thermal stability, with mass loss due to oxidation at temperatures close to 460 °C. Sulfonation increased the solubility of LAS, and in addition, increased the antimicrobial activity, especially against Candida albicans (fungicidal) and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (bacteriostatic). Native lasiodiplodan (LAS-N) showed higher OH˙ removal capacity, while LAS-S had higher ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) potential. LAS-N and LAS-S did not demonstrate lethal cytotoxicity against wild and mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Samples with higher degree of substitution (1.42 and 1.61) showed lower potential to induce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Cristina Calegari
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Via do Conhecimento, Km 1, 85503-390 Pato Branco, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Aneli M. Barbosa-Dekker
- Chemistry Department, State University of Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Busso
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering Coordination, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Rua Cristo Rei, 19, 85902-490 Toledo, PR, Brazil
| | - Robert F. H. Dekker
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Estr. dos Pioneiros, 3131, 86036-370 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Alves da Cunha
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Via do Conhecimento, Km 1, 85503-390 Pato Branco, PR, Brazil
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Rashid U, Ahmad J, Ibrahim ML, Nisar J, Hanif MA, Shean TYC. Single-Pot Synthesis of Biodiesel using Efficient Sulfonated-Derived Tea Waste-Heterogeneous Catalyst. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E2293. [PMID: 31323732 PMCID: PMC6678581 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this manuscript is to report the new usage of tea waste (TW) as a catalyst for efficient conversion of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to biodiesel. In this work, we investigate the potential of tea waste char as a catalyst for biodiesel production before and after sulfonation. The activated sulfonated tea waste char catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), elemental composition (CHNS), nitrogen adsorption-desorption using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and ammonia-temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). The activated tea waste char catalyst shows higher acid density of 31 μmol g-1 as compared to tea waste char of 16 μmol g-1 and higher surface area of 122 m2/g. The optimum fatty acid conversion conditions were found that 4 wt % of catalyst loading with 9:1 of methanol:PFAD for 90 min of reaction time at 65 °C gives 97% free fatty acid (FFA) conversion. In conclusion, the sulfonated tea waste (STW) catalyst showed an impressive catalytic activity towards the esterification of PFAD at optimum reaction conditions with significant recyclability in five successive cycles without any reactivation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Rashid
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohd Lokman Ibrahim
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center of Nanomaterials Research, Institute of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jan Nisar
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Yaw Choong Shean
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Álvarez-Fernández MA, Fernández-Cruz E, Garcia-Parrilla MC, Troncoso AM, Mattivi F, Vrhovsek U, Arapitsas P. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii Intra- and Extra-Cellular Aromatic Amino Acids Metabolism. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:7942-7953. [PMID: 31264861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine play an important role as nitrogen sources in yeast metabolism. They regulate biomass production and fermentation rate, and their catabolites contribute to wine health benefits and sensorial character through the yeast biotransformation of grape juice constitutes into biologically active and flavor-impacting components. A UHPLC-MS/MS method was applied to monitor 37 tryptophan/phenylalanine/tyrosine yeast metabolites both in extra- and intracellular extracts produced by the fermentation of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and one Torulaspora delbrueckii. The results shed light on the intra- and extra-cellular metabolomic dynamics, by combining metabolic needs, stimuli, and signals. Among others, the results indicated (a) the production of 2-aminoacetophenone by yeasts, mainly by the two Saccharomyces cerevisiae; (b) the deactivation and/or detoxification of tryptophol via sulfonation reaction; and (c) the deacetylation of N-acetyl tryptophan ethyl ester and N-acetyl tyrosine ethyl ester by producing the corresponding ethyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antonia Álvarez-Fernández
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/P. García González no. 2 , Sevilla 41012 , Spain
| | - Edwin Fernández-Cruz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/P. García González no. 2 , Sevilla 41012 , Spain
| | - M Carmen Garcia-Parrilla
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/P. García González no. 2 , Sevilla 41012 , Spain
| | - Ana M Troncoso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/P. García González no. 2 , Sevilla 41012 , Spain
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre , Fondazione Edmund Mach-Istituto Agrario San Michele all'Adige , Trento , Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment , University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre , Fondazione Edmund Mach-Istituto Agrario San Michele all'Adige , Trento , Italy
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre , Fondazione Edmund Mach-Istituto Agrario San Michele all'Adige , Trento , Italy
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Wu G, Lin SJ, Hsu IC, Su JY, Chen DW. Study of High Performance Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone Composite Electrolyte Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071177. [PMID: 31336870 PMCID: PMC6680675 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, high performance composite electrolyte membranes were prepared from polyether ether ketone polymeric material. An initial sulfonation reaction improved the membrane hydrophilicity and its water absorbability and thus enhanced the ionic conductivity in electrochemical cells. Protonic conductivity was improved from 10−4 to 10−2 S cm−1 with an increasing sulfonation time from 72 to 175 h. The effects of blending nano SiO2 into the composite membranes were devoted to improve thermal and mechanical properties, as well as methanol permeability. Methanol permeability was reduced to 3.1 × 10−7 cm2 s−1. Finally, a further improvement in ionic conductivity was carried out by a supercritical carbon dioxide treatment under 20 MPa at 40°C for 30 min with an optimum SiO2 blend ratio of 10 wt-%. The plasticizing effect by the Lewis acid-base interaction between CO2 and electron donor species on polymer chains decreased the glass transition and melting temperatures. The results show that sulfonated composite membranes blended with SiO2 and using a supercritical carbon dioxide treatment exhibit a lower glass transition temperature, higher ionic conductivity, lower methanol permeability, good thermal stability, and strong mechanical properties. Ionic conductivity was improved to 1.55 × 10−2 S cm−1. The ion exchange capacity and the degree of sulfonation were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwomei Wu
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Jen Lin
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - I-Chan Hsu
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Juin-Yih Su
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Dave W Chen
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
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Pali-Casanova RDJ, Yam-Cervantes MA, Zavala-Loría JDC, Loría-Bastarrachea MI, Aguilar-Vega MDJ, Dzul-López LA, Sámano-Celorio ML, Crespo-Álvarez J, García-Villena E, Agudo-Toyos P, Méndez-Martínez F. Effect of Sulfonic Groups Concentration on IEC Properties in New Fluorinated Copolyamides. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071169. [PMID: 31324017 PMCID: PMC6680494 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven aromatic polyamides and copolyamides were synthesized from two different aromatic diamines: 4,4'-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(p-phenyleneoxy)dianiline (HFDA) and 2,4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid (DABS). The synthesis was carried out by polycondensation using isophthaloyl dichloride (1SO). The effect of an increasing molar concentration of the sulfonated groups, from DABS, in the copolymer properties was evaluated. Inherent viscosity tests were carried out to estimate molecular weights. Mechanical tests were carried out under tension, maximum strength ( σ max), Young's modulus (E), and elongation at break (εmax) to determine their mechanical properties. Tests for water sorption and ion exchange capacity (IEC) were carried out. Proton conductivity was measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that as the degree of sulfonation increase, the greater the proton conductivity. The results obtained showed conductivity values lower than the commercial membrane Nafion 115 of 0.0065 S cm-1. The membrane from copolyamide HFDA/DABS/1S0-70/30 with 30 mol DABS obtained the best IEC, with a value of 0.747 mmol g-1 that resulted in a conductivity of 2.7018 × 10-4 S cm-1, lower than the data reported for the commercial membrane Nafion 115. According to the results obtained, we can suggest that further developments increasing IEC will render membranes based on aromatic polyamides that are suitable for their use in PEM fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón de Jesús Pali-Casanova
- Department of the Doctorate in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana A.C. Calle 15 No. 36 x 10 y 12. IMI III, Campeche C.P. 24560, Campeche, Mexico.
| | - Marcial Alfredo Yam-Cervantes
- Department of the Doctorate in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana A.C. Calle 15 No. 36 x 10 y 12. IMI III, Campeche C.P. 24560, Campeche, Mexico.
| | - José Del Carmen Zavala-Loría
- Department of the Doctorate in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana A.C. Calle 15 No. 36 x 10 y 12. IMI III, Campeche C.P. 24560, Campeche, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Loría-Bastarrachea
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Materials Unit, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34 Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Manuel de Jesús Aguilar-Vega
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Materials Unit, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34 Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Luis Alonso Dzul-López
- Department of the Doctorate in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana A.C. Calle 15 No. 36 x 10 y 12. IMI III, Campeche C.P. 24560, Campeche, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Sámano-Celorio
- Department of the Doctorate in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana A.C. Calle 15 No. 36 x 10 y 12. IMI III, Campeche C.P. 24560, Campeche, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Industrial de Cantabria (CITICAN), Calle Isabel Torres No. 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Jorge Crespo-Álvarez
- Department of the Doctorate in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Calle Isabel Torres No. 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Villena
- Department of the Doctorate in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana A.C. Calle 15 No. 36 x 10 y 12. IMI III, Campeche C.P. 24560, Campeche, Mexico
- Department of the Doctorate in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Calle Isabel Torres No. 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Agudo-Toyos
- Department of the Doctorate in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Calle Isabel Torres No. 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Francisco Méndez-Martínez
- Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen. Calle 56 No. 4 Esq. Avenida Concordia Col. Benito Juárez, Cd. del Carmen C.P. 24180, Campeche, Mexico
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Arlegui A, El-Hachemi Z, Crusats J, Moyano A. 5-Phenyl-10,15,20-Tris(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin: Synthesis, Catalysis, and Structural Studies. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123363. [PMID: 30572589 PMCID: PMC6321080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient protocol for the preparation of 5-phenyl-10,15,20-tris(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin, a water-soluble porphyrin with unique aggregation properties, is described. The procedure relies on the one-pot reductive deamination of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin, that can be in turn easily obtained from 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin by a known three-step sequence involving mononitration, nitro to amine reduction and sulfonation of the phenyl groups. This method provides the title porphyrin in gram scale, and compares very favorably with the up to now only described procedure based on the partial sulfonation of TPP, that involves a long and tedious chromatographic enrichment of the final compound. This has allowed us to study for the first time both the use of its zwitterionic aggregate as a supramolecular catalyst of the aqueous Diels⁻Alder reaction, and the morphology of the aggregates obtained under optimized experimental conditions by atomic force microscopy and also by transmission electron cryomicroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Arlegui
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Chemistry, Carrer de Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Zoubir El-Hachemi
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Chemistry, Carrer de Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institute of Cosmos Science, Carrer de Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Crusats
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Chemistry, Carrer de Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institute of Cosmos Science, Carrer de Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Albert Moyano
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Chemistry, Carrer de Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Lee DJ, Rocker AJ, Bardill JR, Shandas R, Park D. A sulfonated reversible thermal gel for the spatiotemporal control of VEGF delivery to promote therapeutic angiogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:3053-3064. [PMID: 30295997 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite medical and surgical advancements for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, mortality and morbidity remain high. Therapeutic angiogenesis has been one approach to address the major clinical need for a more effective treatment to restoring blood flow in ischemic organs and tissues, but current progress in angiogenic drug delivery is inadequate at providing sufficient bioavailability without causing safety concerns. An injectable sulfonated reversible thermal gel composed of a polyurea conjugated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and sulfonate groups has been developed for the delivery of angiogenic factors. The thermal gel allowed for the spatiotemporal control of vascular endothelial growth factor release with a decreased initial burst release and reduced release rate in vitro. A subcutaneous injection mouse model was used to evaluate efficacious vascularization and assess the inflammatory response due to a foreign body. Thermal gel injections showed substantial vascularization properties by inducing vessel formation, recruitment and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells, and vessel stabilization by perivascular cells, while infiltrating macrophages due to the thermal gel injections decreased over time. These results demonstrated effective localization and delivery of angiogenic factors for therapeutic angiogenesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3053-3064, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, 80045
| | - Adam J Rocker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, 80045
| | - James R Bardill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, 80045
| | - Robin Shandas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, 80045
| | - Daewon Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, 80045
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