1
|
Lukić I, Markeš M, Butorac A, Delač Salopek D, Horvat I, Jeromel A, Mihaljević Žulj M, Carlin S, Vrhovsek U. Complexity of the effects of pre-fermentation oxygenation, skin contact and use of pectolytic enzymes in white winemaking as revealed by comprehensive proteomics and volatilomics analysis. Food Chem 2024; 440:138266. [PMID: 38150900 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Ion exchange chromatography and SDS-PAGE followed by identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF, and two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS) were used for comprehensive proteomics and volatilomics evaluation of the effects of pre-fermentative oxygenation, skin contact and use of pectolytic enzymes in production of Malvazija istarska white wine, respectively. Many protein species and an unprecedented number of volatiles have been identified and (semi)quantified, revealing high complexity of the observed effects. Compared to a standard control wine, oxygenation treatment modulated the protein composition and resulted with a volatilome characterized by decreased levels of several important volatiles. Skin contact treatments, especially in combination with pectolytic enzymes, significantly increased the levels of a large number of proteins, but were also deprived of particular protein species found in other wines. Wines obtained by skin contact with exogenous enzymes exhibited the most complex volatile composition with increased levels of many key monoterpenoids, alcohols and esters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lukić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marina Markeš
- BICRO BIOCentre, Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83 H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ana Butorac
- BICRO BIOCentre, Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83 H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Doris Delač Salopek
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Horvat
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia.
| | - Ana Jeromel
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marin Mihaljević Žulj
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Metabolomics Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Metabolomics Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piergiovanni M, Carlin S, Lotti C, Vrhovsek U, Mattivi F. Development of a Fully Automated Method HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS for the Determination of Odor-Active Carbonyls in Wines: a "Green" Approach to Improve Robustness and Productivity in the Oenological Analytical Chemistry. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:1995-2007. [PMID: 36848621 PMCID: PMC10835727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the optimization and validation of a green, robust, and comprehensive method for the determination of volatile carbonyl compounds (VCCs) in wines that could be added as a new quality control tool for the evaluation of a complete fermentation, correct winemaking style, and proper bottling and storage. A HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS method was optimized and automated using the autosampler to improve overall performance. A solvent-less technique and a strong minimization of all volumes were implemented to comply with the green analytical chemistry principles. There were as many as 44 VCC (mainly linear aldehydes, Strecker aldehydes, unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, and many other) analytes under investigation. All compounds showed a good linearity, and the LOQs were abundantly under the relevant perception thresholds. Intraday, 5-day interday repeatability, and recovery performances in a spiked real sample were evaluated showing satisfactory results. The method was applied to determine the evolution of VCCs in white and red wines after accelerated aging for 5 weeks at 50 °C. Furans and linear and Strecker aldehydes were the compounds that showed the most important variation; many VCCs increased in both classes of samples, whereas some showed different behaviors between white and red cultivars. The obtained results are in strong accordance with the latest models on carbonyl evolution related to wine aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Piergiovanni
- Center
Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University
of Trento, San Michele
all’Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Center
Research and Innovation, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Cesare Lotti
- Center
Research and Innovation, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Center
Research and Innovation, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Center
Research and Innovation, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Makopa TP, Modikwe G, Vrhovsek U, Lotti C, Sampaio JP, Zhou N. The marula and elephant intoxication myth: assessing the biodiversity of fermenting yeasts associated with marula fruits ( Sclerocarya birrea). FEMS Microbes 2023; 4:xtad018. [PMID: 37854251 PMCID: PMC10581541 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The inebriation of wild African elephants from eating the ripened and rotting fruit of the marula tree is a persistent myth in Southern Africa. However, the yeasts responsible for alcoholic fermentation to intoxicate the elephants remain poorly documented. In this study, we considered Botswana, a country with the world's largest population of wild elephants, and where the marula tree is indigenous, abundant and protected, to assess the occurrence and biodiversity of yeasts with a potential to ferment and subsequently inebriate the wild elephants. We collected marula fruits from over a stretch of 800 km in Botswana and isolated 106 yeast strains representing 24 yeast species. Over 93% of these isolates, typically known to ferment simple sugars and produce ethanol comprising of high ethanol producers belonging to Saccharomyces, Brettanomyces, and Pichia, and intermediate ethanol producers Wickerhamomyces, Zygotorulaspora, Candida, Hanseniaspora, and Kluyveromyces. Fermentation of marula juice revealed convincing fermentative and aromatic bouquet credentials to suggest the potential to influence foraging behaviour and inebriate elephants in nature. There is insufficient evidence to refute the aforementioned myth. This work serves as the first work towards understanding the biodiversity marula associated yeasts to debunk the myth or approve the facts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Proceed Makopa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Plot 10071, Boseja, Palapye, Botswana, 00267
| | - Gorata Modikwe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Plot 10071, Boseja, Palapye, Botswana, 00267
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michelle All'Adige, Via E. Mach, 1, Italy, 38010
| | - Cesare Lotti
- Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michelle All'Adige, Via E. Mach, 1, Italy, 38010
| | - José Paulo Sampaio
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciencias da Vida, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal , 2829-516
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Plot 10071, Boseja, Palapye, Botswana, 00267
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oluwagbemigun K, Anesi A, Vrhovsek U, Mattivi F, Martino Adami P, Pentzek M, Scherer M, Riedel-Heller SG, Weyerer S, Bickel H, Wiese B, Schmid M, Cryan JF, Ramirez A, Wagner M, Nöthlings U. An Investigation into the Relationship of Circulating Gut Microbiome Molecules and Inflammatory Markers with the Risk of Incident Dementia in Later Life. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03513-6. [PMID: 37605096 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome may be involved in the occurrence of dementia primarily through the molecular mechanisms of producing bioactive molecules and promoting inflammation. Epidemiological evidence linking gut microbiome molecules and inflammatory markers to dementia risk has been mixed, and the intricate interplay between these groups of biomarkers suggests that their joint investigation in the context of dementia is warranted. We aimed to simultaneously investigate the association of circulating levels of selected gut microbiome molecules and inflammatory markers with dementia risk. This case-cohort epidemiological study included 805 individuals (83 years, 66% women) free of dementia at baseline. Plasma levels of 19 selected gut microbiome molecules comprising lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acids, and indole-containing tryptophan metabolites as well as four inflammatory markers measured at baseline were linked to incident all-cause (ACD) and Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) in binary outcomes and time-to-dementia analyses. Independent of several covariates, seven gut microbiome molecules, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-acryloylglycine, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester, isobutyric acid, and 2-methylbutyric acid, but no inflammatory markers discriminated incident dementia cases from non-cases. Furthermore, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (hazard ratio: 0.58; 0.36-0.94, P = 0.025) was associated with time-to-ACD. These molecules underpin gut microbiome-host interactions in the development of dementia and they may be crucial in its prevention and intervention strategies. Future larger epidemiological studies are needed to confirm our findings, specifically in exploring the repeatedly measured circulating levels of these molecules and investigating their causal relationship with dementia risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andrea Anesi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pamela Martino Adami
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Pentzek
- Institute of General Practice, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, 20246, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weyerer
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgitt Wiese
- Institute of General Practice, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, T12 XF62, Ireland
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Giacomelli L, Zeilmaker T, Giovannini O, Salvagnin U, Masuero D, Franceschi P, Vrhovsek U, Scintilla S, Rouppe van der Voort J, Moser C. Simultaneous editing of two DMR6 genes in grapevine results in reduced susceptibility to downy mildew. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1242240. [PMID: 37692430 PMCID: PMC10486898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of pesticide treatments is of paramount importance for the sustainability of viticulture, and it can be achieved through a combination of strategies, including the cultivation of vines (Vitis vinifera) that are resistant or tolerant to diseases such as downy mildew (DM). In many crops, the knock-out of Downy Mildew Resistant 6 (DMR6) proved successful in controlling DM-resistance, but the effect of mutations in DMR6 genes is not yet known in grapevine. Today, gene editing serves crop improvement with small and specific mutations while maintaining the genetic background of commercially important clones. Moreover, recent technological advances allowed to produce non-transgenic grapevine clones by regeneration of protoplasts edited with the CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein. This approach may revolutionize the production of new grapevine varieties and clones, but it requires knowledge about the targets and the impact of editing on plant phenotype and fitness in different cultivars. In this work we generated single and double knock-out mutants by editing DMR6 susceptibility (S) genes using CRISPR/Cas9, and showed that only the combined mutations in VviDMR6-1 and VviDMR6-2 are effective in reducing susceptibility to DM in two table-grape cultivars by increasing the levels of endogenous salicylic acid. Therefore, editing both genes may be necessary for effective DM control in real-world agricultural settings, which could potentially lead to unwanted phenotypes. Additional research, including trials conducted in experimental vineyards, is required to gain a deeper understanding of DMR6-based resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Giacomelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Tieme Zeilmaker
- Enza Zaden Research & Development B.V., Enkhuizen, Netherlands
| | - Oscar Giovannini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Umberto Salvagnin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Simone Scintilla
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghiglieno I, Carlin S, Cola G, Vrhovsek U, Valenti L, Garcia-Aloy M, Mattivi F. Impact of meteorological conditions, canopy shading and leaf removal on yield, must quality, and norisoprenoid compounds content in Franciacorta sparkling wine. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1125560. [PMID: 37265632 PMCID: PMC10229778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major concern in agriculture; in grapevine production, climate change can affect yield and wine quality as they depend on the complex interactions between weather, plant material, and viticultural techniques. Wine characteristics are strongly influenced by microclimate of the canopy affecting primary and secondary metabolites of the grapevine. Air temperature and water availability can influence sugar and acid concentration in grapes and relative wines, and their content of volatile compounds such as norisoprenoids. This becomes relevant in sparkling wine production where grapes are generally harvested at a relatively low pH, high acidity, and low sugar content and where the norisoprenoids significantly contributes to the final aroma of the wine. The effect of climate change on grapevine and wine, therefore, calls for the implementation of on-field adaptation strategies. Among them canopy management through leaf removal and shading have been largely investigated in the wine growing sector. The present study, conducted over 4 years (2010-2013) aims at investigating how leaf removal and artificial shading strategies affect grape maturation, must quality and the production of norisoprenoids, analyzed using an untargeted approach, in sparkling wine. Specifically, this paper investigates the effect of meteorological conditions (i.e., water availability and temperatures) and the effect of leaf removal and shading on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay and Pinot noir, which are suitable to produce sparkling wine in the DOCG Franciacorta wine growing area (Lombardy, Italy). The effect of leaf removal and shading practices on norisoprenoids has been the focus of the study. No defoliation and artificial shading treatments play an important role in the preservation of the acidity in warm seasons and this suggests calibrating defoliation activities in relation to the meteorological trend without standardized procedures. This is particularly relevant in the case of sparkling wine, where the acidity is essential to determine wine quality. The enhanced norisoprenoid aromas obtained with a total defoliation represent a further element to direct defoliation and shading strategies. The obtained results increase knowledge about the effect of different defoliation and artificial shading applications in relation to meteorological condition supporting the management decision-making in the Franciacorta wine growing area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Ghiglieno
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, S. Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cola
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, S. Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Leonardo Valenti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, S. Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, S. Michele all’Adige, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nwaefuna AE, Boekhout T, Garcia-Aloy M, Vrhovsek U, Zhou N. Diversity of dung beetle-associated yeasts from pristine environments of Botswana. Yeast 2023. [PMID: 37096317 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast-insect interactions are increasingly becoming an attractive source of discovery for previously unknown, unique, diverse, and industrially relevant yeast species. Despite a wealth of studies that have recently focused on yeasts in symbiotic association with Hymenopteran insects, yeasts associated with Coleopteran insects, such as lignocellulosic-rich dung-dependent beetles, remain poorly studied. Trends in yeast discovery suggest that species richness and diversity can be attributed to the ecological niche of the insect. Here, we considered the potential of dung beetles inhabiting the extreme environments of Botswana, characterized by desert-like conditions (semi-arid to arid and hot) as well as protected pristine environments, as possible attribute niches that can shape the extremophilic and diverse life history strategies of yeasts. We obtained a total of 97 phylogenetically diverse yeast isolates from six species of dung beetles from Botswana's unexplored environments, representing 19 species belonging to 11 genera. The findings suggest that the guts of dung beetles are a rich niche for non-Saccharomyces yeast species. Meyerozyma and Pichia were the most dominant genera associated with dung beetles, representing 55% (53 out of 97) of the yeast isolates in our study. Trichosporon and Cutaneotrichosporon genera represented 32% (31 out of 97) of the isolates. The remaining isolates belonged to Apiotrichum, Candida, Diutina, Naganishia, Rhodotorula, and Wickerhamiella genera (12 out of 97). We found out that about 62% (60 out of 97) of the isolates were potentially new species because of their low internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence similarity when compared to the most recent optimal species delineation threshold. A single isolate was unidentifiable using the ITS sequences. Using an in silico polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism approach, we revealed that there was genetic diversity within isolates of the same species. Our results contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the diversity of dung beetle-associated yeasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita E Nwaefuna
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Institute of Fungal Biodiversity, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Metabolomics Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Metabolomics Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pushpass RAG, Alzoufairi S, Mancini A, Quilter K, Fava F, Delaiti S, Vrhovsek U, Christensen C, Joyce SA, Tuohy KM, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA. Chronic consumption of probiotics, oats, and apples has differential effects on postprandial bile acid profile and cardiometabolic disease risk markers compared with an isocaloric control (cornflakes): a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:252-265. [PMID: 36811563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary components that impact the gut microbiota may beneficially affect cardiometabolic health, possibly by altered bile acid metabolism. However, impacts of these foods on postprandial bile acids, gut microbiota, and cardiometabolic risk markers are unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the chronic effects of probiotics, oats, and apples on postprandial bile acids, gut microbiota, and cardiometabolic health biomarkers. METHODS Using an acute within chronic parallel design, 61 volunteers (mean ± SD: age 52 ± 12 y; BMI 24.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to consume 40 g cornflakes (control), 40 g oats or 2 Renetta Canada apples each with 2 placebo capsules per day or 40 g cornflakes with 2 Lactobacillus reuteri capsules (>5 × 109 CFU) per day, for 8 wk. Fasting and postprandial serum/plasma bile acids and cardiometabolic health biomarkers, fecal bile acids, and gut microbiota composition were determined. RESULTS At week 0, oats and apples significantly decreased postprandial serum insulin [area under the curve (AUC): 25.6 (17.4, 33.8) and 23.4 (15.4, 31.4) vs. 42.0 (33.7, 50.2) pmol/L × min and incremental AUC (iAUC): 17.8 (11.6, 24.0) and 13.7 (7.7, 19.8) vs. 29.6 (23.3, 35.8) pmol/L × min] and C-peptide responses [AUC: 599 (514, 684) and 550 (467, 632) vs. 750 (665, 835) ng/mL × min], whereas non-esterified fatty acids were increased [AUC 135 (117, 153) vs. 86.3 (67.9, 105) and iAUC 96.2 (78.8, 114) vs. 60 (42.1, 77.9) mmol/L × min] after the apples vs. control (P ≤ 0.05). Postprandial unconjugated [AUC: predicted means (95% CI) 1469 (1101, 1837) vs. 363 (-28, 754) μmol/L × min and iAUC: 923 (682, 1165) vs. 22.0 (-235, 279) μmol/L × min)] and hydrophobic [iAUC: 1210 (911, 1510) vs. 487 (168, 806) μmol/L × min] bile acid responses were increased after 8 wk probiotic intervention vs. control (P ≤ 0.049). None of the interventions modulated the gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS These results support beneficial effects of apples and oats on postprandial glycemia and the ability of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri to modulate postprandial plasma bile acid profiles compared with control (cornflakes), with no relationship evident between circulating bile acids and cardiometabolic health biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Anna Grace Pushpass
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK
| | - Shouq Alzoufairi
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Karena Quilter
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Fava
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Simone Delaiti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Camilla Christensen
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK
| | - Susan A Joyce
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ciubotaru RM, Franceschi P, Vezzulli S, Zulini L, Stefanini M, Oberhuber M, Robatscher P, Chitarrini G, Vrhovsek U. Secondary and primary metabolites reveal putative resistance-associated biomarkers against Erysiphe necator in resistant grapevine genotypes. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1112157. [PMID: 36798701 PMCID: PMC9927228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous fungicide applications are required to control Erysiphe necator, the causative agent of powdery mildew. This increased demand for cultivars with strong and long-lasting field resistance to diseases and pests. In comparison to the susceptible cultivar 'Teroldego', the current study provides information on some promising disease-resistant varieties (mono-locus) carrying one E. necator-resistant locus: BC4 and 'Kishmish vatkana', as well as resistant genotypes carrying several E. necator resistant loci (pyramided): 'Bianca', F26P92, F13P71, and NY42. A clear picture of the metabolites' alterations in response to the pathogen is shown by profiling the main and secondary metabolism: primary compounds and lipids; volatile organic compounds and phenolic compounds at 0, 12, and 48 hours after pathogen inoculation. We identified several compounds whose metabolic modulation indicated that resistant plants initiate defense upon pathogen inoculation, which, while similar to the susceptible genotype in some cases, did not imply that the plants were not resistant, but rather that their resistance was modulated at different percentages of metabolite accumulation and with different effect sizes. As a result, we discovered ten up-accumulated metabolites that distinguished resistant from susceptible varieties in response to powdery mildew inoculation, three of which have already been proposed as resistance biomarkers due to their role in activating the plant defense response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Mihaela Ciubotaru
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michelle All'Adige, Italy
| | - Silvia Vezzulli
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michelle All'Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Zulini
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michelle All'Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michelle All'Adige, Italy
| | - Michael Oberhuber
- Laboratory for Flavours and Metabolites, Laimburg Research Centre, Auer (Ora), Italy
| | - Peter Robatscher
- Laboratory for Flavours and Metabolites, Laimburg Research Centre, Auer (Ora), Italy
| | - Giulia Chitarrini
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Laboratory for Flavours and Metabolites, Laimburg Research Centre, Auer (Ora), Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pelizzo P, Stebel M, Medic N, Sist P, Vanzo A, Anesi A, Vrhovsek U, Tramer F, Passamonti S. Cyanidin 3-glucoside targets a hepatic bilirubin transporter in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114044. [PMID: 36463829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the organ-specific functions of the liver is the excretion of bilirubin into the bile. Membrane transport of bilirubin from the blood to the liver is not only an orphan function, because there is no link to the protein/gene units that perform this function, but also a poorly characterised function. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacology of bilirubin uptake in the liver of the female Wistar rat to improve basic knowledge in this neglected area of liver physiology. We treated isolated perfused livers of female rats with repeated single-pass, albumin-free bilirubin boli. We monitored both bilirubin and bilirubin glucuronide in perfusion effluent with a bio-fluorometric assay. We tested the ability of nine molecules known as substrates or inhibitors of sinusoidal membrane transporters to inhibit hepatic uptake of bilirubin. We found that cyanidin 3-glucoside and malvidin 3-glucoside were the only molecules that inhibited bilirubin uptake. These dietary anthocyanins resemble bromosulfophthalein (BSP), a substrate of several sinusoidal membrane transporters. The SLCO-specific substrates estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide, pravastatin, and taurocholate inhibited only bilirubin glucuronide uptake. Cyanidin 3-glucoside and taurocholate acted at physiological concentrations. The SLC22-specific substrates indomethacin and ketoprofen were inactive. We demonstrated the existence of a bilirubin-glucuronide transporter inhibited by bilirubin, a fact reported only once in the literature. The data suggest that bilirubin and bilirubin glucuronide are transported to the liver via pharmacologically distinct membrane transport pathways. Some dietary anthocyanins may physiologically modulate the uptake of bilirubin into the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pelizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Stebel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nevenka Medic
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Sist
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andreja Vanzo
- Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Oenology, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Anesi
- Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Federica Tramer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabina Passamonti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vittani L, Populin F, Stuerz S, Buehlmann A, Khomenko I, Biasioli F, Bühlmann-Schütz S, Vrhovsek U, Masuero D, Zanella A, Busatto N, Costa F. Comparative transcriptome and metabolite survey reveal key pathways involved in the control of the chilling injury disorder superficial scald in two apple cultivars, 'Granny Smith' and 'Ladina'. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1150046. [PMID: 37152125 PMCID: PMC10157158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The low temperature normally applied to prevent fruit decay during the storage of apples, can also triggers the onset of a chilling injury disorder known as superficial scald. In this work, the etiology of this disorder and the mechanism of action of two preventing strategies, such as the application of 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) and storage at low oxygen concentration in 'Granny Smith' and 'Ladina' apple cultivars were investigated. The metabolite assessment highlighted a reorganization of specific metabolites, in particular flavan-3-ols and unsaturated fatty acids, while the genome-wide transcriptomic analysis grouped the DEGs into four functional clusters. The KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis, together with the gene-metabolite interactome, showed that the treatment with 1-MCP prevented the development of superficial scald by actively promoting the production of unsaturated fatty acids, especially in 'Granny Smith'. 'Ladina', more susceptible to superficial scald and less responsive to the preventing strategies, was instead characterized by a higher accumulation of very long chain fatty acids. Storage at low oxygen concentration stimulated a higher accumulation of ethanol and acetaldehyde together with the expression of genes involved in anaerobic respiration, such as malate, alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase in both cultivars. Low oxygen concentration, likewise 1-MCP, through a direct control on ethylene prevented the onset of superficial scald repressing the expression of PPO, a gene encoding for the polyphenol oxidase enzyme responsible of the oxidation of chlorogenic acid. Moreover, in 'Granny Smith' apple, the expression of three members of the VII subgroups of ERF genes, encoding for elements coordinating the acclimation process to hypoxia in plants was observed. The global RNA-Seq pattern also elucidated a specific transcriptomic signature between the two cultivars, disclosing the effect of the different genetic background in the control of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vittani
- Center Agriculture Food Environment C3A, University of Trento, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Francesca Populin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Buehlmann
- Strategic Research Division Food Microbial Systems, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Center Agriculture Food Environment C3A, University of Trento, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Busatto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Center Agriculture Food Environment C3A, University of Trento, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fabrizio Costa,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcia-Caro RDLC, Thompson G, Zhang P, Hokamp K, Roche F, Carlin S, Vrhovsek U, Bond U. Enhanced flavour profiles through radicicol induced genomic variation in the lager yeasts, Saccharomyces pastorianus. Yeast 2022; 39:535-547. [PMID: 36127846 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeasts, Saccharomyces pastorianus, are hybrids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces eubayanus and have acquired traits from the combined parental genomes such as ability to ferment a range of sugars at low temperatures and to produce aromatic flavour compounds, allowing for the production of lager beers with crisp, clean flavours. The polyploid strains are sterile and have reached an evolutionary bottleneck for genetic variation. Here we describe an accelerated evolution approach to obtain lager yeasts with enhanced flavour profiles. As the relative expression of orthologous alleles is a significant contributor to the transcriptome during fermentation, we aimed to induce genetic variation by altering the S. cerevisiae to S. eubayanus chromosome ratio. Aneuploidy was induced through the temporary inhibition of the cell's stress response and strains with increased production of aromatic amino acids via the Shikimate pathway were selected by resistance to amino acid analogues. Genomic changes such as gross chromosomal rearrangements, chromosome loss and chromosome gain were detected in the characterised mutants, as were Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in ARO4, encoding for DAHP synthase, the catalytic enzyme in the first step of the Shikimate pathway. Transcriptome analysis confirmed the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes in the Ehrlich pathway and the concomitant increase in the production of higher alcohols and esters such as 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, tryptophol, and tyrosol. We propose that the polyploid nature of S. pastorianus genomes is an advantageous trait supporting opportunities for genetic alteration in otherwise sterile strains. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de la Cerda Garcia-Caro
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Georgia Thompson
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Penghan Zhang
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E.Mach 1, 38010 S, Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Fiona Roche
- Department of Genetics, Smurfit Institute, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E.Mach 1, 38010 S, Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E.Mach 1, 38010 S, Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Ursula Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
VanderWeide J, Falchi R, Calderan A, Peterlunger E, Vrhovsek U, Sivilotti P, Sabbatini P. Juxtaposition of the Source-to-Sink Ratio and Fruit Exposure to Solar Radiation on cv. Merlot ( Vitis vinifera L.) Berry Phenolics in a Cool versus Warm Growing Region. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:10429-10442. [PMID: 35976259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine source-to-sink ratio and berry exposure to solar radiation both influence grape flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation. Here, we compared these concepts on cv. Merlot in two different growing locations (Michigan (MI) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (FVG), IT) to understand whether the environment influences flavonoid sensitivity to these parameters. Three levels of leaf removal (LR0, LR5, LR8) were implemented at the pea-size phenological stage to compare conditions of increased cluster light exposure with a decreasing vine source-to-sink ratio on berry flavonoid accumulation. Treatments did not affect total soluble solids (TSSs) or pH, but titratable acidity (TA) was lower in LR8 at harvest in both locations. LR5 increased anthocyanins and flavonols in MI but decreased most phenolics in FVG. The decreased expression of VviLAR1 and VviF3'5'Hh during ripening supported the lower concentrations of flavan-3-ol monomers and anthocyanins in FVG. In summary, flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation were more sensitive to solar radiation than the source-to-sink ratio, and the vineyard environment dictated whether solar radiation was beneficial or detrimental to flavonoid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua VanderWeide
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rachele Falchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Calderan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Peterlunger
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sivilotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carlin S, Piergiovanni M, Pittari E, Tiziana Lisanti M, Moio L, Piombino P, Marangon M, Curioni A, Rolle L, Rio Segade S, Versari A, Ricci A, Paola Parpinello G, Luzzini G, Ugliano M, Perenzoni D, Vrhovsek U, Mattivi F. The contribution of varietal thiols in the diverse aroma of Italian monovarietal white wines. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Anesi A, Berding K, Clarke G, Stanton C, Cryan JF, Caplice N, Ross RP, Doolan A, Vrhovsek U, Mattivi F. Metabolomic Workflow for the Accurate and High-Throughput Exploration of the Pathways of Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, and Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Human Biofluids. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1262-1275. [PMID: 35380444 PMCID: PMC9087329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of host and dietary metabolites by gut microbiota (GM) is important for maintaining correct host physiology and in the onset of various pathologies. An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the targeted quantitation in human plasma, serum, and urine of 89 metabolites resulting from human-GM cometabolism of dietary essential amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine as well as branched-chain amino acids. Ninety-six-well plate hybrid-SPE enables fast clean-up of plasma and serum. Urine was diluted and filtered. A 15 min cycle enabled the acquisition of 96 samples per day, with most of the metabolites stable in aqueous solution for up to 72 h. Calibration curves were specifically optimized to cover expected concentrations in biological fluids, and limits of detection were at the order of ppb. Matrix effects were in acceptable ranges, and analytical recoveries were in general greater than 80%. Inter and intraday precision and accuracy were satisfactory. We demonstrated its application in plasma and urine samples obtained from the same individual in the frame of an interventional study, allowing the quantitation of 51 metabolites. The method could be considered the reference for deciphering changes in human-gut microbial cometabolism in health and disease. Data are available via Metabolights with the identifier MTBLS4399.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Anesi
- Unit of Metabolomics, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kirsten Berding
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Caplice
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea Doolan
- Atlantia Food Clinical Trial, Blackpool, T23 R50R Cork, Ireland
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Unit of Metabolomics, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Unit of Metabolomics, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang P, Carlin S, Franceschi P, Mattivi F, Vrhovsek U. Application of a Target-Guided Data Processing Approach in Saturated Peak Correction of GC×GC Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1941-1948. [PMID: 35050571 PMCID: PMC8811747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Detector and column
saturations are problematic in comprehensive
two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) data analysis. This
limits the application of GC×GC in metabolomics research. To
address the problems caused by detector and column saturations, we
propose a two-stage data processing strategy that will incorporate
a targeted data processing and cleaning approach upstream of the “standard”
untargeted analysis. By using the retention time and mass spectrometry
(MS) data stored in a library, the annotation and quantification of
the targeted saturated peaks have been significantly improved. After
subtracting the nonperfected signals caused by saturation, peaks of
coelutes can be annotated more accurately. Our research shows that
the target-guided method has broad application prospects in the data
analysis of GC×GC chromatograms of complex samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghan Zhang
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy.,Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy.,Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Diotallevi C, Fontana M, Latimer C, Ternan NG, Pourshahidi LK, Lawther R, O'Connor G, Conterno L, Gasperotti M, Angeli A, Lotti C, Bianchi M, Vrhovsek U, Fava F, Gobbetti M, Gill CIR, Tuohy KM. Ex Vivo Fecal Fermentation of Human Ileal Fluid Collected After Wild Strawberry Consumption Modulates Human Microbiome Community Structure and Metabolic Output and Protects Against DNA Damage in Colonic Epithelial Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100405. [PMID: 34821456 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Wild strawberries (Fragaria vesca) are richer in (poly)phenols than common commercial strawberry varieties, e.g., Fragaria × ananassa. (Poly)phenols and their microbiota-derived metabolites are hypothesized to exert bioactivity within the human gut mucosa. To address this, the effects of wild strawberries are investigated with respect to their bioactivity and microbiota-modulating capacity using both in vitro and ex vivo approaches. METHODS AND RESULTS Ileal fluids collected pre- (0h) and post-consumption (8h) of 225 g wild strawberries by ileostomates (n = 5) and also in vitro digested strawberry varieties (Fragaria vesca and Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) supernatants are collected. Subsequent fermentation of these supernatants using an in vitro batch culture proximal colon model reveals significant treatment-specific changes in microbiome community structure in terms of alpha but not beta diversity at 24 h. Nutri-kinetic analysis reveals a significant increase in the concentration of gut microbiota catabolites, including 3-(4hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, and benzoic acid. Furthermore, post-berry ileal fermentates (24 h) significantly (p < 0.01) decrease DNA damage (% Tail DNA, COMET assay) in both HT29 cells (∼45%) and CCD 841 CoN cells (∼25%) compared to untreated controls. CONCLUSIONS Post berry consumption fermentates exhibit increased overall levels of (poly)phenolic metabolites, which retains their bioactivity, reducing DNA damage in colonocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Diotallevi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.,Freie Universität Bozen-Libera Università di Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bolzano (BZ), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fontana
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Cheryl Latimer
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel G Ternan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Roger Lawther
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Gloria O'Connor
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Lorenza Conterno
- Fermentation and Distillation Group, Laimburg Research Centre, Vadena (BZ), Italy
| | - Mattia Gasperotti
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Cesare Lotti
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Martina Bianchi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Freie Universität Bozen-Libera Università di Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bolzano (BZ), Italy
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yaskolka Meir A, Rinott E, Tsaban G, Zelicha H, Kaplan A, Rosen P, Shelef I, Youngster I, Shalev A, Blüher M, Ceglarek U, Stumvoll M, Tuohy K, Diotallevi C, Vrhovsek U, Hu F, Stampfer M, Shai I. Effect of green-Mediterranean diet on intrahepatic fat: the DIRECT PLUS randomised controlled trial. Gut 2021; 70:2085-2095. [PMID: 33461965 PMCID: PMC8515100 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of green-Mediterranean (MED) diet, further restricted in red/processed meat, and enriched with green plants and polyphenols on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), reflected by intrahepatic fat (IHF) loss. DESIGN For the DIRECT-PLUS 18-month randomized clinical trial, we assigned 294 participants with abdominal obesity/dyslipidaemia into healthy dietary guidelines (HDG), MED and green-MED weight-loss diet groups, all accompanied by physical activity. Both isocaloric MED groups consumed 28 g/day walnuts (+440 mg/day polyphenols provided). The green-MED group further consumed green tea (3-4 cups/day) and Mankai (a Wolffia globosa aquatic plant strain; 100 g/day frozen cubes) green shake (+1240 mg/day total polyphenols provided). IHF% 18-month changes were quantified continuously by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). RESULTS Participants (age=51 years; 88% men; body mass index=31.3 kg/m2; median IHF%=6.6%; mean=10.2%; 62% with NAFLD) had 89.8% 18-month retention-rate, and 78% had eligible follow-up MRS. Overall, NAFLD prevalence declined to: 54.8% (HDG), 47.9% (MED) and 31.5% (green-MED), p=0.012 between groups. Despite similar moderate weight-loss in both MED groups, green-MED group achieved almost double IHF% loss (-38.9% proportionally), as compared with MED (-19.6% proportionally; p=0.035 weight loss adjusted) and HDG (-12.2% proportionally; p<0.001). After 18 months, both MED groups had significantly higher total plasma polyphenol levels versus HDG, with higher detection of Naringenin and 2-5-dihydroxybenzoic-acid in green-MED. Greater IHF% loss was independently associated with increased Mankai and walnuts intake, decreased red/processed meat consumption, improved serum folate and adipokines/lipids biomarkers, changes in microbiome composition (beta-diversity) and specific bacteria (p<0.05 for all). CONCLUSION The new suggested strategy of green-Mediterranean diet, amplified with green plant-based proteins/polyphenols as Mankai, green tea, and walnuts, and restricted in red/processed meat can double IHF loss than other healthy nutritional strategies and reduce NAFLD in half. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03020186.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Division of Cardiology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Philip Rosen
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Youngster
- Pediatric Division and Center for Microbiome Research, Shamir Medical Center, Be’er Ya’akov, Israel
| | - Aryeh Shalev
- Division of Cardiology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michelle All'Adige, Italy
| | - Camilla Diotallevi
- Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michelle All'Adige, Italy,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Frank Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris Shai
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Diotallevi C, Gaudioso G, Fava F, Angeli A, Lotti C, Vrhovsek U, Rinott E, Shai I, Gobbetti M, Tuohy K. Measuring the effect of Mankai® (Wolffia globosa) on the gut microbiota and its metabolic output using an in vitro colon model. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
20
|
Giannakou K, Visinoni F, Zhang P, Nathoo N, Jones P, Cotterrell M, Vrhovsek U, Delneri D. Biotechnological exploitation of Saccharomyces jurei and its hybrids in craft beer fermentation uncovers new aroma combinations. Food Microbiol 2021; 100:103838. [PMID: 34416971 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hybridisation is an important evolutionary mechanism to bring about novel phenotypes and may produce new hybrids with advantageous combinations of traits of industrial importance. Within the Saccharomyces genus, Saccharomyces jurei is a newly discovered species and its biotechnological potential has not yet been fully explored. This yeast was found to be able to grow well in unhopped wort and at low temperatures, qualities necessary in good candidates for fermented bevarages. Here, we analysed its fermentation and aroma profile and created novel non-GMO hybrids between S. jurei and S. cerevisiae ale yeasts to develop new starter strains with interesting flavours for the craft brewing and beverage industry in general. Pilot beer fermentations with specific hybrids showed a good fermentation performance, similar to the ale parent strain, while eliminating the hyper-attenuation characteristic and a more complex flavour profile. This study exploits the genetic diversity of yeasts and shows how inter-specific hybridisation and clone selection can be effectively used in brewing to create new products and to eliminate or increase specific traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Giannakou
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK; Cloudwater Brew Co, 7-8 Piccadilly Trading Estate, Manchester, M1 2NP, UK
| | - Federico Visinoni
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Penghan Zhang
- Foundation Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Nishan Nathoo
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Paul Jones
- Cloudwater Brew Co, 7-8 Piccadilly Trading Estate, Manchester, M1 2NP, UK
| | - Mark Cotterrell
- Cloudwater Brew Co, 7-8 Piccadilly Trading Estate, Manchester, M1 2NP, UK
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Foundation Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Daniela Delneri
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Corneo PE, Nesler A, Lotti C, Chahed A, Vrhovsek U, Pertot I, Perazzolli M. Corrigendum to "Interactions of tagatose with the sugar metabolism are responsible for Phytophthora infestans growth inhibition" [Microbiol. Res. 247 (2021) 126724]. Microbiol Res 2021; 251:126827. [PMID: 34304963 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Elisa Corneo
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38089, San Michele all'Adige, Italy; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38089, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Andrea Nesler
- Bi-PA nv, Technologielaan 7, 1840, Londerzeel, Belgium
| | - Cesare Lotti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38089, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Abdessalem Chahed
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38089, San Michele all'Adige, Italy; Bi-PA nv, Technologielaan 7, 1840, Londerzeel, Belgium; Department of Plant Induced Resistance and Bioprotection, University of Reims, Moulin de la Housse, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38089, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38089, San Michele all'Adige, Italy; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38089, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38089, San Michele all'Adige, Italy; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38089, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cebulj A, Vanzo A, Hladnik J, Kastelec D, Vrhovsek U. Apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivar 'Majda', a Naturally Non-Browning Cultivar: An Assessment of Its Qualities. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10071402. [PMID: 34371605 PMCID: PMC8309218 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Browning of apple and apple products has been a topic of numerous research and there is a great number of methods available for browning prevention. However, one of the most efficient ways, and the one most acceptable for the consumers, is the selection of a non-browning cultivar. Cultivar ‘Majda’ is a Slovenian cultivar, a cross between ‘Jonatan’ and ‘Golden Noble’. In this study, it was thoroughly examined and compared to the well-known cultivar ‘Golden Delicious’ with the aim to decipher the reason for non-browning. We have determined the content of sugars, organic acids, vitamin C, glutathione and phenolics in apple flesh, with the addition of phenolic content in apple peel and leaves. The change in color in halves and pomace was also measured and the activity of peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were determined. Additionally, the analyses of flesh were repeated post-storage. The most prominent results were high acidity (malic acid), low phenol content, especially hydroxycinnamic acid and flavan-3-ol content of cultivar ‘Majda’ in comparison to ‘Golden Delicious’, and no difference in PPO activity between cultivars. After the overview of the results, we believe that both low phenol content and high reduced glutathione content impact the non-browning characteristics of cultivar ‘Majda’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anka Cebulj
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Oenology, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreja Vanzo
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Oenology, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Joze Hladnik
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Oenology, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Damijana Kastelec
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lin CL, García-Caro RDLC, Zhang P, Carlin S, Gottlieb A, Petersen MA, Vrhovsek U, Bond U. Packing a punch: understanding how flavours are produced in lager fermentations. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6316108. [PMID: 34227660 PMCID: PMC8310685 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Beer is one of the most popular beverages in the world and it has an irreplaceable place in culture. Although invented later than ale, lager beers dominate the current market. Many factors relating to the appearance (colour, clarity and foam stability) and sensory characters (flavour, taste and aroma) of beer, and other psychological determinants affect consumers' perception of the product and defines its drinkability. This review takes a wholistic approach to scrutinise flavour generation in the brewing process, focusing particularly on the contribution of the raw ingredients and the yeasts to the final flavour profiles of lager beers. In addition, we examine current developments to improve lager beer flavour profiles for the modern consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lin Lin
- Brewing 345, Novozymes A/S, Biologiensvej 2, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Penghan Zhang
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E.Mach 1, 38010 S.Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E.Mach 1, 38010 S.Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Andrea Gottlieb
- Brewing 345, Novozymes A/S, Biologiensvej 2, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Agerlin Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E.Mach 1, 38010 S.Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Ursula Bond
- School of Genetics and Microbiology, The Moyne Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ciubotaru RM, Franceschi P, Zulini L, Stefanini M, Škrab D, Rossarolla MD, Robatscher P, Oberhuber M, Vrhovsek U, Chitarrini G. Mono-Locus and Pyramided Resistant Grapevine Cultivars Reveal Early Putative Biomarkers Upon Artificial Inoculation With Plasmopara viticola. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:693887. [PMID: 34276743 PMCID: PMC8281963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.693887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most economically important grapevine diseases is Downy mildew (DM) caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola. A strategy to reduce the use of fungicides to compensate for the high susceptibility of V. vinifera is the selection of grapevine varieties showing pathogen-specific resistance. We applied a metabolomics approach to evaluate the metabolic modulation in mono-locus resistant genotypes carrying one locus associated with P. viticola resistance (Rpv) (BC4- Rpv1, Bianca- Rpv3-1, F12P160- Rpv12, Solaris- Rpv10), as well as in pyramided resistant genotypes carrying more than one Rpv (F12P60- Rpv3-1; Rpv12 and F12P127- Rpv3-1, Rpv3-3; Rpv10) taking as a reference the susceptible genotype Pinot Noir. In order to understand if different sources of resistance are associated with different degrees of resistance and, implicitly, with different responses to the pathogen, we considered the most important classes of plant metabolite primary compounds, lipids, phenols and volatile organic compounds at 0, 12, 48, and 96 h post-artificial inoculation (hpi). We identified 264 modulated compounds; among these, 22 metabolites were found accumulated in significant quantities in the resistant cultivars compared to Pinot Noir. In mono-locus genotypes, the highest modulation of the metabolites was noticed at 48 and 96 hpi, except for Solaris, that showed a behavior similar to the pyramided genotypes in which the changes started to occur as early as 12 hpi. Bianca, Solaris and F12P60 showed the highest number of interesting compounds accumulated after the artificial infection and with a putative effect against the pathogen. In contrast, Pinot Noir showed a less effective defense response in containing DM growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Mihaela Ciubotaru
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Zulini
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domen Škrab
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Giulia Chitarrini
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Laimburg Research Centre, Auer, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yaskolka Meir A, Tuohy K, von Bergen M, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Heinig U, Zelicha H, Tsaban G, Rinott E, Kaplan A, Aharoni A, Zeibich L, Chang D, Dirks B, Diotallevi C, Arapitsas P, Vrhovsek U, Ceglarek U, Haange SB, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Engelmann B, Lapidot M, Colt M, Sun Q, Shai I. The Metabolomic-Gut-Clinical Axis of Mankai Plant-Derived Dietary Polyphenols. Nutrients 2021; 13:1866. [PMID: 34070816 PMCID: PMC8229908 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by plants to defend themselves from environmental stressors. We explored the effect of Wolffia globosa 'Mankai', a novel cultivated strain of a polyphenol-rich aquatic plant, on the metabolomic-gut clinical axis in vitro, in-vivo and in a clinical trial. METHODS We used mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics methods from three laboratories to detect Mankai phenolic metabolites and examined predicted functional pathways in a Mankai artificial-gut bioreactor. Plasma and urine polyphenols were assessed among the 294 DIRECT-PLUS 18-month trial participants, comparing the effect of a polyphenol-rich green-Mediterranean diet (+1240 mg/polyphenols/day, provided by Mankai, green tea and walnuts) to a walnuts-enriched (+440 mg/polyphenols/day) Mediterranean diet and a healthy controlled diet. RESULTS Approximately 200 different phenolic compounds were specifically detected in the Mankai plant. The Mankai-supplemented bioreactor artificial gut displayed a significantly higher relative-abundance of 16S-rRNA bacterial gene sequences encoding for enzymes involved in phenolic compound degradation. In humans, several Mankai-related plasma and urine polyphenols were differentially elevated in the green Mediterranean group compared with the other groups (p < 0.05) after six and 18 months of intervention (e.g., urine hydroxy-phenyl-acetic-acid and urolithin-A; plasma Naringenin and 2,5-diOH-benzoic-acid). Specific polyphenols, such as urolithin-A and 4-ethylphenol, were directly involved with clinical weight-related changes. CONCLUSIONS The Mankai new plant is rich in various unique potent polyphenols, potentially affecting the metabolomic-gut-clinical axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; (K.T.); (C.D.); (P.A.); (U.V.)
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.v.B.); (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (B.E.)
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Uwe Heinig
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (U.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (U.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Lydia Zeibich
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (D.C.); (B.D.)
| | - Debbie Chang
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (D.C.); (B.D.)
| | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (L.Z.); (D.C.); (B.D.)
| | - Camilla Diotallevi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; (K.T.); (C.D.); (P.A.); (U.V.)
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitätsplatz 5-Piazza Università, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; (K.T.); (C.D.); (P.A.); (U.V.)
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy; (K.T.); (C.D.); (P.A.); (U.V.)
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.v.B.); (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (B.E.)
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.v.B.); (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (B.E.)
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.v.B.); (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (B.E.)
| | - Miri Lapidot
- Research and Development Department, Hinoman Ltd., Rishon Lezion 7546302, Israel; (M.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Monica Colt
- Research and Development Department, Hinoman Ltd., Rishon Lezion 7546302, Israel; (M.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.); (G.T.); (E.R.); (A.K.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ferchichi N, Toukabri W, Vrhovsek U, Nouairi I, Angeli A, Masuero D, Mhamdi R, Trabelsi D. Proximate composition, lipid and phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activity of different ecotypes of Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus and lupinus angustifolius. Food Measure 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
Weil T, Ometto L, Esteve-Codina A, Gómez-Garrido J, Oppedisano T, Lotti C, Dabad M, Alioto T, Vrhovsek U, Hogenhout S, Anfora G. Linking omics and ecology to dissect interactions between the apple proliferation phytoplasma and its psyllid vector Cacopsylla melanoneura. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 127:103474. [PMID: 33007407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas are bacterial plant pathogens that are detrimental to many plants and cause devastating effects on crops. They are not viable outside their host plants and depend on specific insect vectors for their transmission. So far, research has largely focused on plant-pathogen interactions, while the complex interactions between phytoplasmas and insect vectors are far less understood. Here, we used next-generation sequencing to investigate how transcriptional profiles of the vector psyllid Cacopsylla melanoneura (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) are altered during infection by the bacterium Candidatus Phytoplasma mali (P. mali), which causes the economically important apple proliferation disease. This first de novo transcriptome assembly of an apple proliferation vector revealed that mainly genes involved in small GTPase mediated signal transduction, nervous system development, adhesion, reproduction, actin-filament based and rhythmic processes are significantly altered upon P. mali infection. Furthermore, the presence of P. mali is accompanied by significant changes in carbohydrate and polyol levels, as revealed by metabolomics analysis. Taken together, our results suggest that infection with P. mali impacts on the insect vector physiology, which in turn likely affects the ability of the vector to transmit phytoplasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Weil
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione E. Mach, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
| | - Lino Ometto
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione E. Mach, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Gómez-Garrido
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiziana Oppedisano
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione E. Mach, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy; Present address: Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston (OR, USA
| | - Cesare Lotti
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione E. Mach, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Marc Dabad
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tyler Alioto
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione E. Mach, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Saskia Hogenhout
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Gianfranco Anfora
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione E. Mach, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy; Centre Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aromas and tastes have crucial influences on the quality of fermented beverages. The determination of aromatic compounds requires global non-targeted profiling of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the beverages. However, experimental VOC profiling result depends on the chosen VOC collection method. OBJECTIVES This study aims to observe the impact of using different sample preparation techniques [dynamic headspace (DHS), vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME), multiple stir bar sorptive extraction (mSBSE), solid phase extraction (SPE), and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME)] to figure out the most suitable sample preparation protocol for profiling the VOCs from fermented beverages. METHODS Five common sample preparation methods were studied with beer, cider, red wine, and white wine samples. After the sample preparation, collected VOCs were analyzed by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). RESULTS GCxGC oven parameters can be optimized with the Box-Behnken surface response model and response measure on peak dispersion. Due to the unavoidable column and detector saturation during metabolomic analysis, errors may happen during mass spectrum construction. Profiling results obtained with different sample preparation methods show considerable variance. Common findings occupy a small fraction of total annotated VOCs. For known fermentative aromas, best coverage can be reached by using SPME together with SPE for beer, and VALLME for wine and cider. CONCLUSIONS GCxGC-TOFMS is a promising tool for non-targeted profiling on VOCs from fermented beverages. However, a proper data processing protocol is lacking for metabolomic analysis. Each sample preparation method has a specific profiling spectrum on VOC profiling. The coverage of the VOC metabolome can be improved by combining complementary methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghan Zhang
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Cesare Lotti
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Metabolomic Unit, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pagliarani C, Gambino G, Ferrandino A, Chitarra W, Vrhovsek U, Cantu D, Palmano S, Marzachì C, Schubert A. Molecular memory of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma in recovering grapevines. Hortic Res 2020; 7:126. [PMID: 32821409 PMCID: PMC7395728 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Flavescence dorée (FD) is a destructive phytoplasma disease of European grapevines. Spontaneous and cultivar-dependent recovery (REC) may occur in the field in FD-infected vines starting the year following the first symptoms. However, the biological underpinnings of this process are still largely unexplored. In this study, transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq), whole-genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS) and metabolite analysis were combined to dissect molecular and metabolic changes associated to FD and REC in leaf veins collected in the field from healthy (H), FD and REC plants of the highly susceptible Vitis vinifera 'Barbera'. Genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and stress responses were overexpressed in FD conditions, whereas transcripts linked to hormone and stilbene metabolisms were upregulated in REC vines. Accumulation patterns of abscisic acid and stilbenoid compounds analysed in the same samples confirmed the RNAseq data. In recovery conditions, we also observed the persistence of some FD-induced expression changes concerning inhibition of photosynthetic processes and stress responses. Several differentially expressed genes tied to those pathways also underwent post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs, as outlined by merging our transcriptomic data set with a previously conducted smallRNAseq analysis. Investigations by WGBS analysis also revealed different DNA methylation marks between REC and H leaves, occurring within the promoters of genes tied to photosynthesis and secondary metabolism. The results allowed us to advance the existence of a "molecular memory" of FDp infection, involving alterations in the DNA methylation status of REC plants potentially related to transcriptional reprogramming events, in turn triggering changes in hormonal and secondary metabolite profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano, TV Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN Italy
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Sabrina Palmano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzachì
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Schubert
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chitarrini G, Riccadonna S, Zulini L, Vecchione A, Stefanini M, Larger S, Pindo M, Cestaro A, Franceschi P, Magris G, Foria S, Morgante M, Di Gaspero G, Vrhovsek U. Two-omics data revealed commonalities and differences between Rpv12- and Rpv3-mediated resistance in grapevine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12193. [PMID: 32699241 PMCID: PMC7376207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmopara viticola is the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew (DM). DM resistant varieties deploy effector-triggered immunity (ETI) to inhibit pathogen growth, which is activated by major resistance loci, the most common of which are Rpv3 and Rpv12. We previously showed that a quick metabolome response lies behind the ETI conferred by Rpv3 TIR-NB-LRR genes. Here we used a grape variety operating Rpv12-mediated ETI, which is conferred by an independent locus containing CC-NB-LRR genes, to investigate the defence response using GC/MS, UPLC, UHPLC and RNA-Seq analyses. Eighty-eight metabolites showed significantly different concentration and 432 genes showed differential expression between inoculated resistant leaves and controls. Most metabolite changes in sugars, fatty acids and phenols were similar in timing and direction to those observed in Rpv3-mediated ETI but some of them were stronger or more persistent. Activators, elicitors and signal transducers for the formation of reactive oxygen species were early observed in samples undergoing Rpv12-mediated ETI and were paralleled and followed by the upregulation of genes belonging to ontology categories associated with salicylic acid signalling, signal transduction, WRKY transcription factors and synthesis of PR-1, PR-2, PR-5 pathogenesis-related proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chitarrini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Samantha Riccadonna
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Zulini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Antonella Vecchione
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Simone Larger
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy.,Istituto di Genomica Applicata, via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Serena Foria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Michele Morgante
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy.,Istituto di Genomica Applicata, via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Gaspero
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata, via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Giné-Bordonaba J, Busatto N, Larrigaudière C, Lindo-García V, Echeverria G, Vrhovsek U, Farneti B, Biasioli F, De Quattro C, Rossato M, Delledonne M, Costa F. Investigation of the transcriptomic and metabolic changes associated with superficial scald physiology impaired by lovastatin and 1-methylcyclopropene in pear fruit (cv. "Blanquilla"). Hortic Res 2020; 7:49. [PMID: 32257235 PMCID: PMC7109095 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the physiology underlying the development of superficial scald in pears, susceptible "Blanquilla" fruit was treated with different compounds that either promoted (ethylene) or repressed (1-methylcyclopropene and lovastatin) the incidence of this disorder after 4 months of cold storage. Our data show that scald was negligible for the fruit treated with 1-methylcyclopropene or lovastatin, but highly manifested in untreated (78% incidence) or ethylene-treated fruit (97% incidence). The comparison between the fruit metabolomic profile and transcriptome evidenced a distinct reprogramming associated with each treatment. In all treated samples, cold storage led to an activation of a cold-acclimation-resistance mechanism, including the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids, which was especially evident in 1-methylcyclopropane-treated fruit. Among the treatments applied, only 1-methylcyclopropene inhibited ethylene production, hence supporting the involvement of this hormone in the development of scald. However, a common repression effect on the PPO gene combined with higher sorbitol content was found for both lovastatin and 1-methylcyclopropene-treated samples, suggesting also a non-ethylene-mediated process preventing the development of this disorder. The results presented in this work represent a step forward to better understand the physiological mechanisms governing the etiology of superficial scald in pears.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Nicola Busatto
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Violeta Lindo-García
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Gemma Echeverria
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
| | - Brian Farneti
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
| | - Concetta De Quattro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sarrou E, Siomos AS, Riccadona S, Aktsoglou DC, Tsouvaltzis P, Angeli A, Franceschi P, Chatzopoulou P, Vrhovsek U, Martens S. Improvement of sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) nutritional value through iodine biofortification in a hydroponic floating system. Food Chem 2019; 296:150-159. [PMID: 31202299 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sea fennel is an herbaceous aromatic and edible halophyte, naturally occurring in coastal areas of the Mediterranean basin. Besides its scientific interest as a salt-tolerant species it exhibits considerable nutritional value and economical potential. As sea fennel is distributed in maritime areas, where natural iodine is available in high concentrations, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether sea fennel has the potential to accumulate elevated iodine concentrations under cultivation. A biofortification experiment in a hydroponic system applying two forms of iodine, KI and KIO3 in different concentrations was set up and monitored using sophisticated targeted elementary and metabolite analysis. The biofortification potential and possible effects on nutritional value were investigated. This study revealed that both iodine forms increased the iodine content of sea fennel tissues. Nutritional and health promoting components, biomass production but also antioxidant potential were stable or even improved under the iodine treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Sarrou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Recourses, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Thermi 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Anastasios S Siomos
- Aristotle University, Department of Horticulture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Samantha Riccadona
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Department of Computational Biology, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | | | - Pavlos Tsouvaltzis
- Aristotle University, Department of Horticulture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Department of Computational Biology, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Paschalina Chatzopoulou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Recourses, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Thermi 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ferchichi N, Toukabri W, Vrhovsek U, Angeli A, Masuero D, Mhamdi R, Trabelsi D. Inoculation of Lupinus albus with the nodule-endophyte Paenibacillus glycanilyticus LJ121 improves grain nutritional quality. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:283-291. [PMID: 31650197 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic changes occurring in white lupine grain were investigated in response to Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) root inoculation under field condition. We precisely targeted lipids and phenolics changes occurring in white lupine grain in response to Pseudomonas brenneri LJ215 and/or Paenibacillus glycanilyticus LJ121 inoculation. Lipids and phenolic composition were analyzed using an Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods. As compared to grain of un-inoculated control plant, Paenibacillus glycaniliticus inoculation highly increased the total lipids content (from 232.55 in seeds of un-inoculated control plant to 944.95 mg/kg) and the relative percentage of several fatty acid such as oleic acid (+20.95%) and linoleic acid (+14.28%) and decreased the relative percentage of glycerophospholipids (- 13.11%), sterol (- 0.2% and - 0.34% for stigmasterol and campesterol, respectively) and prenol (- 17.45%) class. Paenibacillus glycaniliticus inoculation did not affect total phenolic content, while it modulated content of individual phenolic compounds and induced the accumulation of "new" phenolics compounds such as kaempferol. Paenibacillus glycanilyticus LJ121 can be a useful bio-fertilizer to enhance nutritional quality of white lupine grain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Ferchichi
- Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar Tunis, Tunisia.,Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Laboratory of Legumes, BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Wael Toukabri
- Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar Tunis, Tunisia.,Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Laboratory of Legumes, BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Ridha Mhamdi
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Laboratory of Legumes, BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Darine Trabelsi
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Laboratory of Legumes, BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Franco A, Tocci N, Guella G, Dell’Agli M, Sangiovanni E, Perenzoni D, Vrhovsek U, Mattivi F, Manca G. Myrtle Seeds ( Myrtus communis L.) as a Rich Source of the Bioactive Ellagitannins Oenothein B and Eugeniflorin D 2. ACS Omega 2019; 4:15966-15974. [PMID: 31592467 PMCID: PMC6776983 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing popularity of "Mirto" liqueur, produced from Myrtus communis berries, has led to the planting of domesticated cultivars, expanding myrtle berry production. To promote the use of cultivated berries, the content in the nutraceutical compounds ellagitannins has been investigated both in spontaneous and cultivated fruits. Oenothein B and eugeniflorin D2, characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, were isolated and quantified using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS/MS). The antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities of oenothein B were assayed in vitro. Large amounts of oenothein B and eugeniflorin D2 were detected in seeds (12 ± 2.4 and 5.8 ± 1.2 mg/g). The oenothein B concentration in liqueurs was 194 ± 22 mg/L. This macrocyclic ellagitannin dimer showed anti-Candida (minimal inhibitory concentration <8-64 μg/mL) and anti-inflammatory properties. Cultivated myrtle berries are a source of nutraceutical compounds. The high concentration of oenothein B in liqueur suggests a possible contribution to the organoleptic and biological properties of the beverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea
M. Franco
- Department
of Economics and Business (DiSea), Laboratory of Commodity Science
Technology and Quality, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Noemi Tocci
- Department
of Economics and Business (DiSea), Laboratory of Commodity Science
Technology and Quality, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Centre
for Research and Innovation, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Graziano Guella
- Department
of Physics, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, TN, Italy
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Perenzoni
- Centre
for Research and Innovation, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Centre
for Research and Innovation, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Centre
for Research and Innovation, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, TN, Italy
| | - Gavina Manca
- Department
of Economics and Business (DiSea), Laboratory of Commodity Science
Technology and Quality, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Šuklje K, Carlin S, Antalick G, Blackman JW, Deloire A, Vrhovsek U, Schmidtke LM. Regional Discrimination of Australian Shiraz Wine Volatome by Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled to Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:10273-10284. [PMID: 31418566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Shiraz wine volatomes from two Australian geographical indications (GIs), that is, Orange and Riverina, were compared using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Shiraz wines were made in triplicate from grapes harvested at two harvest dates from six vineyards in the two GIs. A total of 133 compounds showed a significant trend between wines from the cooler Orange GI and warmer Riverina. Compounds associated with wines from the cooler climate were grape-derived volatiles, such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, green leaf volatiles, and some norisoprenoids. Fermentation-derived compounds, such as esters and S-containing compounds, showed no specific trend related to grape origin. In addition, wines could be also clearly separated according to the harvest date, irrespective of the climate, with C6 compounds, higher alcohol acetates, and other esters contributing utmost to the differentiation of samples, whereas terpenoids and norisoprenoids did not have an influence. This study demonstrated the plasticity of wine volatome related to grape origin and also the maturity level (harvest date), irrespective of climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition , Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre , San Michele all'Adige 38010 , Trentino , Italy
| | | | | | | | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition , Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre , San Michele all'Adige 38010 , Trentino , Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Carlin S, Masuero D, Guella G, Vrhovsek U, Mattivi F. Methyl Salicylate Glycosides in Some Italian Varietal Wines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183260. [PMID: 31500198 PMCID: PMC6766851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosides are ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites consisting of a non-sugar component called an aglycone, attached to one or more sugars. One of the most interesting aglycones in grapes and wine is methyl salicylate (MeSA), an organic ester naturally produced by many plants, particularly wintergreens. To date, nine different MeSA glycosides from plants have been reported, mainly spread over the genera Gaultheria, Camellia, Polygala, Filipendula, and Passiflora. From a sensorial point of view, MeSA has a balsamic-sweet odor, known as Wintergreen. MeSA was found in Vitis riparia grapes, in Vitis vinifera sp. and in the Frontenac interspecific hybrid. We found that the MeSA glycosides content in Verdicchio wines and in some genetically related varieties (Trebbiano di Soave and Trebbiano di Lugana) was very high. In order to understand which glycosides were present in wine, the methanolic extract of Verdicchio wine was injected into a UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS and compared to the extracts of different plants rich in such glycosides. Using pure standards, we confirmed the existence of two glycosides in wine: MeSA 2-O--d-glucoside and MeSA 2-O--d-xylopyranosyl (1-6) -d-glucopyranoside (gaultherin). For the first time, we also tentatively identified other diglycosides in wine: MeSA 2-O--l-arabinopyranosyl (1-6)--d-glucopyranoside (violutoside) and MeSA 2-O--d-apiofuranosyl (1-6)--d-glucopyranoside (canthoside A), MeSA 2-O--d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)-O--d-glucopyranoside (gentiobioside) and MeSA 2-O--l-rhamnopyranosyl (1-6)--d-glucopyranoside (rutinoside). Some of these glycosides have been isolated from Gaultheria procumbens leaves by preparative liquid chromatography and structurally annotated by 1H- and 13C-NMR analysis. Two of the peaks isolated from Gaultheria procumbens leaves, namely MeSA sambubioside and MeSA sophoroside, were herein observed for the first time. Six MeSA glycosides were quantified in 64 Italian white wines, highlighting the peculiar content and pattern in Verdicchio wines and related cultivars. The total concentration in bound and free MeSA in Verdicchio wines varied in the range of 456-9796 g/L and 5.5-143 g/L, respectively, while in the other wines the bound and free MeSA was below 363 g/L and 12 g/L, respectively. As this compound's olfactory threshold is between 50 and 100 g/L, our data support the hypothesis that methyl salicylate can contribute to the balsamic scent, especially in old Verdicchio wines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
| | - Graziano Guella
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy.
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Elvira-Torales LI, Periago MJ, González-Barrio R, Hidalgo N, Navarro-González I, Gómez-Gallego C, Masuero D, Soini E, Vrhovsek U, García-Alonso FJ. Spinach consumption ameliorates the gut microbiota and dislipaemia in rats with diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Food Funct 2019; 10:2148-2160. [PMID: 30938723 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the accumulation of fat in liver cells, which causes serious health consequences. Animal and human studies suggest that the gut microbiota plays a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here, we investigated whether spinach consumption could ameliorate high-fat-diet-induced disturbances in certain intestinal bacterial groups and products derived from their metabolism, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial phenolic catabolites. Attention is also paid to blood lipids and glucose. In the study, a rat model of high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD was used. There were six experimental groups: NC (normal diet), NB (normal diet + 2.5% spinach), NA (normal diet + 5% spinach), HC (high-fat diet), HB (high-fat diet + 2.5% spinach) and HA (high-fat diet + 5% spinach). The rats consumed these diets for five weeks, and after that, they were sacrificed and plasma, urine, intestinal content, faeces and liver samples were taken. Biochemical parameters were analyzed in plasma, phenolic catabolites were quantified in the faeces, urine, plasma and liver by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and the analysis of the microbiota and SCFAs in the intestinal content was performed by qPCR and GLC. Consumption of a high-fat diet caused NAFLD and dislipaemia and altered the gut microbiota and the pattern of SCFAs and phenolic gut microbial catabolites. Supplementation with spinach partially ameliorated some alterations induced by the high-fat diet, in particular by increasing the Lactobacillus counts, reducing the fasting glucose and total and LDL-cholesterol and preventing excess liver cholesterol accumulation, thereby improving the values of the steatosis biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L I Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lukić I, Radeka S, Budić-Leto I, Bubola M, Vrhovsek U. Targeted UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS profiling of phenolic compounds for differentiation of monovarietal wines and corroboration of particular varietal typicity concepts. Food Chem 2019; 300:125251. [PMID: 31357018 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometric (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) profiling of phenolic compounds was utilised for varietal differentiation of 173 wines made from four red and six white grape varieties. Among 58 identified phenols many were found relevant as exclusive or partial discriminators between wines. Successful differentiation models were built by linear discriminant analysis with the percentage of correct classification higher than 95% in all cases, with peonidin 3-(6″-acetyl)-glucoside and taxifolin as the most potent differentiators between red, and cis-piceid between white monovarietal wines. Diverse typical colour attributes among the monovarietal wines were tentatively ascribed to the variations in the composition of monomeric anthocyanins. Plavac mali red wine exhibited the most specific composition, and its most typical samples were distinguished by the abundance in trans-fertaric acid, isorhapontin, phlorizin, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, and myricitrin. Despite positive correlations with particular astringent flavonols, the typical astringency of Plavac mali wine remained unresolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lukić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sanja Radeka
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Irena Budić-Leto
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marijan Bubola
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Álvarez-Fernández MA, Fernández-Cruz E, Garcia-Parrilla MC, Troncoso AM, Mattivi F, Vrhovsek U, Arapitsas P. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii Intra- and Extra-Cellular Aromatic Amino Acids Metabolism. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:7942-7953. [PMID: 31264861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine play an important role as nitrogen sources in yeast metabolism. They regulate biomass production and fermentation rate, and their catabolites contribute to wine health benefits and sensorial character through the yeast biotransformation of grape juice constitutes into biologically active and flavor-impacting components. A UHPLC-MS/MS method was applied to monitor 37 tryptophan/phenylalanine/tyrosine yeast metabolites both in extra- and intracellular extracts produced by the fermentation of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and one Torulaspora delbrueckii. The results shed light on the intra- and extra-cellular metabolomic dynamics, by combining metabolic needs, stimuli, and signals. Among others, the results indicated (a) the production of 2-aminoacetophenone by yeasts, mainly by the two Saccharomyces cerevisiae; (b) the deactivation and/or detoxification of tryptophol via sulfonation reaction; and (c) the deacetylation of N-acetyl tryptophan ethyl ester and N-acetyl tyrosine ethyl ester by producing the corresponding ethyl esters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Antonia Álvarez-Fernández
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/P. García González no. 2 , Sevilla 41012 , Spain
| | - Edwin Fernández-Cruz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/P. García González no. 2 , Sevilla 41012 , Spain
| | - M Carmen Garcia-Parrilla
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/P. García González no. 2 , Sevilla 41012 , Spain
| | - Ana M Troncoso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/P. García González no. 2 , Sevilla 41012 , Spain
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre , Fondazione Edmund Mach-Istituto Agrario San Michele all'Adige , Trento , Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment , University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre , Fondazione Edmund Mach-Istituto Agrario San Michele all'Adige , Trento , Italy
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre , Fondazione Edmund Mach-Istituto Agrario San Michele all'Adige , Trento , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Busatto N, Matsumoto D, Tadiello A, Vrhovsek U, Costa F. Multifaceted analyses disclose the role of fruit size and skin-russeting in the accumulation pattern of phenolic compounds in apple. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219354. [PMID: 31306452 PMCID: PMC6629076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits are nowadays considered important suppliers of anti-oxidant molecules. Apples are particularly rich in phenolic compounds, non-nutritional phytochemicals that play active roles in controlling severe chronic diseases. In this work, 19 phenolic compounds were investigated in both skin and pulp tissues of seven apple accessions across the Malus genus collected at two stages: during fruit development and at harvest. The primary difference in phenolic concentration between wild and domesticated accessions, especially in the pulp, could be explained by the larger growth rate of the domesticated varieties. The proposed dilution effect was also confirmed through the observation of the increased content of procyanidin B2+B4 and phloridzin in russet-skinned apples, known to have higher concentrations of these compounds. The metabolite screening was also accompanied by the expression analysis of 16 polyphenolic genes showing, for nine elements, a higher expression at harvest than during fruit development. Finally, a polyphenolic comparison with red-fleshed apples was also carried out, underlying a larger amount of procyanidins and quercetin-3rhamnoside in the white-fleshed accessions. The results presented and discussed in this work suggest that specific white-fleshed apples, especially with russeted-skin, may play an important role in ameliorating the nutraceutical potential of apple fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Busatto
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Daiki Matsumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Alice Tadiello
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pérez-Navarro J, Da Ros A, Masuero D, Izquierdo-Cañas PM, Hermosín-Gutiérrez I, Gómez-Alonso S, Mattivi F, Vrhovsek U. LC-MS/MS analysis of free fatty acid composition and other lipids in skins and seeds of Vitis vinifera grape cultivars. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108556. [PMID: 31554044 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important constituents of plant and animal cells, being essential due to their biological functions. Despite the significant role of these compounds in grape berries, knowledge of grape lipid composition is still limited. This study addresses the free fatty acid composition and other lipids in skins and seeds of several Vitis vinifera grape cultivars using LC-MS/MS. A different profile of free fatty acids was determined in the grape tissues, showing a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds (ca. 60%). Lignoceric acid was one of the main free saturated fatty acids found in grape skins, together with palmitic and stearic acids. Berry skins showed similar ranges of C18-unsaturated fatty acids, whereas linoleic acid was predominant in the seed fatty acid composition. Higher content of glycerophospholipids was determined in grape seeds. Uvaol and oleanolic acid were only quantified in skins (1.5-3.9 and 38.6-57.6 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively). These preliminary results suggest a certain diversity in grape lipids according to their location in the berry tissues and cultivar, providing useful information for the fermentation process due to their role in wine sensory profile and yeast growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Pérez-Navarro
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alessio Da Ros
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Pedro Miguel Izquierdo-Cañas
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain; Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla-La Mancha, Paseo de la Innovación 1, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sergio Gómez-Alonso
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ruocco S, Perenzoni D, Angeli A, Stefanini M, Rühl E, Patz CD, Mattivi F, Rauhut D, Vrhovsek U. Metabolite profiling of wines made from disease-tolerant varieties. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
43
|
Ulaszewska MM, Mancini A, Garcia-Aloy M, Del Bubba M, Tuohy KM, Vrhovsek U. Isotopic dilution method for bile acid profiling reveals new sulfate glycine-conjugated dihydroxy bile acids and glucuronide bile acids in serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 173:1-17. [PMID: 31100508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 41 target and 8 additional bile acids isomers (BAs) in biological fluids. BAs were analysed by solid-phase extraction on 50 μL biofluid-aliquots, followed by a properly optimised 27 min-chromatographic run. The method provided high sensitivity (limits of detection 0.0002-0.03 μM, limits of quantitation 0.0007-0.11 μM), linearity (R2>0.99) and precision (relative standard deviations ≤16%). A strategy of scheduled/ unscheduled injections of real samples together with neutral loss (80 Da and 176 Da) scans allowed us to find additional bile acid isomers not a priori included in the method, while high resolution full scan and MS/MS fragmentation analysis confirmed their structural adherence to the bile acid family. Moreover this is the first study quantifying four sulfate glycine conjugated-dihydroxy bile acid isomers, independently of the diet and postprandial time. Application to a dietary intervention kinetic study confirmed the existence of possible metabotypes amongst the study population (n = 20). A trend differentiating males from females was observed suggesting that serum samples from women contained smaller amounts of certain bile acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Ulaszewska
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Kieran Micheal Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vezzulli S, Malacarne G, Masuero D, Vecchione A, Dolzani C, Goremykin V, Mehari ZH, Banchi E, Velasco R, Stefanini M, Vrhovsek U, Zulini L, Franceschi P, Moser C. The Rpv3-3 Haplotype and Stilbenoid Induction Mediate Downy Mildew Resistance in a Grapevine Interspecific Population. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:234. [PMID: 30894868 PMCID: PMC6414455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of new resistant varieties to the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk.& Curt) is a promising way to combat downy mildew (DM), one of the major diseases threatening the cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Taking advantage of a segregating population derived from "Merzling" (a mid-resistant hybrid) and "Teroldego" (a susceptible landrace), 136 F1 individuals were characterized by combining genetic, phenotypic, and gene expression data to elucidate the genetic basis of DM resistance and polyphenol biosynthesis upon P. viticola infection. An improved consensus linkage map was obtained by scoring 192 microsatellite markers. The progeny were screened for DM resistance and production of 42 polyphenols. QTL mapping showed that DM resistance is associated with the herein named Rpv3-3 specific haplotype and it identified 46 novel metabolic QTLs linked to 30 phenolics-related parameters. A list of the 95 most relevant candidate genes was generated by specifically exploring the stilbenoid-associated QTLs. Expression analysis of 11 genes in Rpv3-3 +/- genotypes displaying disparity in DM resistance level and stilbenoid accumulation revealed significant new candidates for the genetic control of stilbenoid biosynthesis and oligomerization. These overall findings emphasized that DM resistance is likely mediated by the major Rpv3-3 haplotype and stilbenoid induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vezzulli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Antonella Vecchione
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Chiara Dolzani
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Vadim Goremykin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Zeraye Haile Mehari
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Elisa Banchi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Zulini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Haile ZM, Malacarne G, Pilati S, Sonego P, Moretto M, Masuero D, Vrhovsek U, Engelen K, Baraldi E, Moser C. Dual Transcriptome and Metabolic Analysis of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir Berry and Botrytis cinerea During Quiescence and Egressed Infection. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1704. [PMID: 32082332 PMCID: PMC7002552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is an important necrotroph in vineyards. Primary infections are mostly initiated by airborne conidia from overwintered sources around bloom, then the fungus remains quiescent from bloom till maturity and egresses at ripeness. We previously described in detail the process of flower infection and quiescence initiation. Here, we complete the characterization studying the cross-talk between the plant and the fungus during pathogen quiescence and egression by an integrated transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of the host and the pathogen. Flowers from fruiting cuttings of the cv. Pinot Noir were inoculated with a GFP-labeled strain of B. cinerea at full cap-off stage, and molecular analyses were carried out at 4 weeks post inoculation (wpi, fungal quiescent state) and at 12 wpi (fungal pre-egression and egression states). The expressed fungal transcriptome highlighted that the fungus remodels its cell wall to evade plant chitinases besides undergoing basal metabolic activities. Berries responded by differentially regulating genes encoding for different PR proteins and genes involved in monolignol, flavonoid, and stilbenoid biosynthesis pathways. At 12 wpi, the transcriptome of B. cinerea in the pre-egressed samples showed that virulence-related genes were expressed, suggesting infection process was initiated. The egressed B. cinerea expressed almost all virulence and growth related genes that enabled the pathogen to colonize the berries. In response to egression, ripe berries reprogrammed different defense responses, though futile. Examples are activation of membrane localized kinases, stilbene synthases, and other PR proteins related to SA and JA-mediated responses. Our results indicated that hard-green berries defense program was capable to hamper B. cinerea growth. However, ripening associated fruit cell wall self-disassembly together with high humidity created the opportunity for the fungus to egress and cause bunch rot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeraye Mehari Haile
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Plant Protection Research Division of Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Malacarne,
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- ESAT-ELECTA, Electrical Energy and Computer Architectures, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lukić I, Horvat I, Godena S, Krapac M, Lukić M, Vrhovsek U, Brkić Bubola K. Towards understanding the varietal typicity of virgin olive oil by correlating sensory and compositional analysis data: a case study. Food Res Int 2018; 112:78-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
47
|
Lukić I, Carlin S, Horvat I, Vrhovsek U. Combined targeted and untargeted profiling of volatile aroma compounds with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for differentiation of virgin olive oils according to variety and geographical origin. Food Chem 2018; 270:403-414. [PMID: 30174064 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS) was combined with conventional mono-dimensional GC-MS to differentiate Croatian virgin olive oils (VOO) according to variety and geographical origin, based on the profile of volatile aroma compounds isolated by HS-SPME. More than 1000 compounds were detected after untargeted profiling and 256 were identified or tentatively identified, providing one of the most detailed profiles of volatile aroma compounds in VOO up to date. Among them, 131 volatile compounds were significantly different across monovarietal VOOs, while 60 were found useful for the discrimination according to geographical origin. Many major lipoxygenase and minor non-lipoxygenase-generated compounds were shown to have discriminating ability with respect to both factors. Multivariate statistical analysis extracted twenty-one volatile markers with the highest discriminant power for varietal differentiation. The approach reported may have practical application in better understanding, defining, managing, and communicating the varietal or geographical typicity of monovarietal VOOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lukić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ivana Horvat
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach, 1 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sangiovanni E, Piazza S, Vrhovsek U, Fumagalli M, Khalilpour S, Masuero D, Di Lorenzo C, Colombo L, Mattivi F, De Fabiani E, Dell'Agli M. A bio-guided approach for the development of a chestnut-based proanthocyanidin-enriched nutraceutical with potential anti-gastritis properties. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:145-155. [PMID: 29928974 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastritis is a widely spread inflammatory disease, mostly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. Release of IL-8 by the stomach epithelium is a hallmark of gastritis and contributes to the amplification of the inflammatory state. Pharmacological modulation of IL-8 release is a strategy to relieve gastric inflammation and prevent more severe clinical outcomes. In search of nutraceuticals with potential anti-gastritis properties we used a bio-guided approach based on IL-8 secretion by gastric cells to characterize extracts from the fruits of different chestnut varieties. We found that the ability to inhibit IL-8 secretion correlated with the amount of proanthocyanidins and was associated to the not edible parts of chestnut in all the tested varieties. We also found that the anti-inflammatory activity is preserved upon mild thermal treatment and after in vitro simulated gastric digestion. By combining a robust bio-guided approach with a comprehensive analysis of the tannin fraction of chestnut extracts, we provide evidence for the potential use of chestnut-based nutraceuticals in human gastritis. The bioactive components of chestnut fruits inhibit IL-8 secretion by impairing NF-κB signaling and by other mechanisms, thus opening new applications of proanthocyanidins for inflammation-based diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- E. Mach Foundation, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Saba Khalilpour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- E. Mach Foundation, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Colombo
- Consorzio Castanicoltori di Brinzio, Orino e Castello Cabiaglio, Società Cooperativa Agricola-Varese, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- E. Mach Foundation, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Emma De Fabiani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Busatto N, Farneti B, Commisso M, Bianconi M, Iadarola B, Zago E, Ruperti B, Spinelli F, Zanella A, Velasco R, Ferrarini A, Chitarrini G, Vrhovsek U, Delledonne M, Guzzo F, Costa G, Costa F. Apple fruit superficial scald resistance mediated by ethylene inhibition is associated with diverse metabolic processes. Plant J 2018; 93:270-285. [PMID: 29160608 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fruits stored at low temperature can exhibit different types of chilling injury. In apple, one of the most serious physiological disorders is superficial scald, which is characterized by discoloration and brown necrotic patches on the fruit exocarp. Although this phenomenon is widely ascribed to the oxidation of α-farnesene, its physiology is not yet fully understood. To elucidate the mechanism of superficial scald development and possible means of prevention, we performed an integrated metabolite screen, including an analysis of volatiles, phenols and lipids, together with a large-scale transcriptome study. We also determined that prevention of superficial scald, through the use of an ethylene action inhibitor, is associated with the triggering of cold acclimation-related processes. Specifically, the inhibition of ethylene perception stimulated the production of antioxidant compounds to scavenge reactive oxygen species, the synthesis of fatty acids to stabilize plastid and vacuole membranes against cold temperature, and the accumulation of the sorbitol, which can act as a cryoprotectant. The pattern of sorbitol accumulation was consistent with the expression profile of a sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, MdS6PDH, the overexpression of which in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants confirmed its involvement in the cold acclimation and freezing tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Busatto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Brian Farneti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Martino Bianconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Iadarola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Zago
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Zanella
- Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, via Laimburg 6, 39040, Ora, BZ, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Chitarrini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Costa
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Salvagnin U, Malnoy M, Thöming G, Tasin M, Carlin S, Martens S, Vrhovsek U, Angeli S, Anfora G. Adjusting the scent ratio: using genetically modified Vitis vinifera plants to manipulate European grapevine moth behaviour. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:264-271. [PMID: 28574666 PMCID: PMC5785346 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects use olfactory cues to locate their host plant within a complex olfactory landscape. One such example is the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana, a key pest of the grape in the Palearctic region, which recently expanded both its geographical and host plant range. Previous studies have showed that a synthetic blend of the three terpenoids, (E)-β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), was as attractive for the moth as the complete grape odour profile in laboratory conditions. The same studies also showed that the specific ratio of these compounds in the grape bouquet was crucial because a percentage variation in any of the three volatiles resulted in almost complete inhibition of the blend's attractiveness. Here, we report on the creation of stable grapevine transgenic lines, with modified (E)-β-caryophyllene and (E)-β-farnesene emission and thus with an altered ratio compared to the original plants. When headspace collections from these plants were tested in wind tunnel behavioural assays, they were less attractive than control extracts. This result was confirmed by testing synthetic blends imitating the ratio found on natural and transformed plants, as well as by testing the plants themselves. With this evidence, we suggest that a strategy based on volatile ratio modification may also interfere with the host-finding behaviour of L. botrana in the field, creating avenues for new pest control methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Salvagnin
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of Bozen‐BolzanoBolzanoItaly
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Gunda Thöming
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NIBIOÅsNorway
| | - Marco Tasin
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NIBIOÅsNorway
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Silvia Carlin
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of Bozen‐BolzanoBolzanoItaly
| | - Gianfranco Anfora
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (CAFE)University of TrentoS. Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| |
Collapse
|